Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: stā- : stə- 'to stand'
Semantic Field(s): to Stand
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | ||||
| Old Irish: | siss- | vb | to stand up | GED |
| tair-(s)issim | vb | to remain standing | LRC | |
| taman | n | tree trunk | GED | |
| -tāu | vb.1.sg | I am | GED | |
| -tō | vb.1.sg | I am | GED | |
| Middle Irish: | samaigim | vb | to set down | GED |
| Breton: | sevell | vb | to stand | GED |
| Cornish: | sevell | vb | to stand | GED |
| Welsh: | sefyll | vb | to stand | GED |
| English | ||||
| Old English: | foresteall | n.masc | forestalling, leaping before | W7 |
| stæþ | n.masc/neut | bank | GED | |
| stāll | n.str.neut | place | GED | |
| stamn, stemn | n.masc | stem | GED | |
| standan, stōd, stōdon, standen | vb.str | to stand | ASD/GED | |
| staþol, staþel, staþul | n.str.masc | staddle | ASD/GED | |
| stēda | n.masc | steed, stallion, camel | W7 | |
| stede | n.masc | stead, site, location | GED | |
| stefn | n.masc | stem; prow, stern | LRC | |
| stēor- | pfx | steering | W7 | |
| stēor | n.masc | steer, young ox/bull | W7 | |
| stēor-bord | n.neut | starboard, lit. steer(ing)-board | LRC | |
| stīeran | vb | to steer | W7 | |
| sti(o)rc, styric | n.neut | calf, young bull/cow | ASD/W7 | |
| stōd | n.neut | stud (horse); herd of horses | GED | |
| stōl | n.masc | stool, chair | GED | |
| stōr | adj | great, stout, strong, potent, violent | ASD/IEW | |
| stōw | n.str.fem | place | LRC | |
| stōwian | vb.wk | to restrain | ASD/GED | |
| studu, stuðu | n.fem | stud, post, pillar | ASD/W7 | |
| stund | n.fem | stound | W7 | |
| under-standan | vb.str | to understand, observe | ASD/W7 | |
| Middle English: | apostasie | n | apostasy | W7 |
| arest | n | arrest | CDC | |
| ar(r)esten | vb | to arrest | CDC/W7 | |
| assisten | vb | to assist | AHD | |
| bested | vb.ptc | placed, situated | W7 | |
| circumstance | n | circumstance | W7 | |
| conestable | n | constable | W7 | |
| constant | adj | constant | W7 | |
| costen | vb | to cost | W7 | |
| destinen | vb | to destine | W7 | |
| destitute | adj | destitute | W7 | |
| distant | adj | distant | W7 | |
| establissen | vb | to establish | W7 | |
| estat | n | estate | W7 | |
| extasie | n | ecstasy | W7 | |
| forstallen | vb | to forestall | W7 | |
| instant | n | instant | W7 | |
| instituten | vb | to institute | W7 | |
| obstacle | n | obstacle | W7 | |
| obstinate | adj | obstinate | W7 | |
| post | n | post (in the ground) | W7 | |
| resisten | vb | to resist | W7 | |
| restive | adj | restive | W7 | |
| restoren | vb | to restore | W7 | |
| solstice | n | solstice | W7 | |
| stable | n | stable | W7 | |
| stacioun | n | station | W7 | |
| stadeling | n | starling | W7 | |
| stage | n | stage | W7 | |
| stanchon | n | stanchion | W7 | |
| standen | vb | to stand | W7 | |
| stat | n | state | W7 | |
| stathel | n | base, framework, foundation | W7 | |
| statue | n | statue | W7 | |
| stature | n | stature | W7 | |
| statute | n | statute | W7 | |
| staunchen | n | to stanch | W7 | |
| stayen | vb | to stay | W7 | |
| sted(e) | n | stead, place; farm | W7 | |
| steden | vb | to place | W7 | |
| steer | n | young ox | W7 | |
| stem | n | stem | W7 | |
| sterbord | n | starboard | W7 | |
| steren | vb | to steer | W7 | |
| stern | n | stern | W7 | |
| stirk | n | young bull/cow | W7 | |
| stith(y) | n | anvil | W7 | |
| stod(e) | n | stud | W7 | |
| stoic | n | stoic | W7 | |
| stool | n | stool | W7 | |
| storen | vb | to store | W7 | |
| stound | n | stound | W7 | |
| stowe | n | place | W7 | |
| stowen | vb | to place | W7 | |
| substance | n | substance | W7 | |
| substitute | n | substitute | W7 | |
| supersticion | n | superstition | W7 | |
| understanden | vb | to understand | W7 | |
| English: | amphistylar | adj | having columns on opposite sides | AHD |
| apostasy | n | renunciation of religious faith | AHD/W7 | |
| armistice | n | truce, temporary suspension of hostilities | AHD/W7 | |
| arrest | n | check, halting, being stopped | W7 | |
| arrest | vb.trans | to halt, bring to a stop | AHD/W7 | |
| assist | vb | to give aid/support | AHD/W7 | |
| astasia | n | astasis | AHD | |
| astasis | n | inability to stand | LRC | |
| astatine | n | radioactive halogen element | AHD/W7 | |
| astylar | adj | having no columns/pilasters | AHD/W7 | |
| bestead | adj | placed, situated | AHD/W7 | |
| catastasis | n | complication immediately prior to climax of play | AHD/W7 | |
| circumstance | n | fact/event/condition conditioning/determining/accompanying another | AHD/W7 | |
| consist | vb.intrans | to lie, reside | AHD/W7 | |
| constable | n | high officer of medieval noble/royal household | AHD/W7 | |
| constant | adj | steadfast, resolute | AHD/W7 | |
| constitute | vb.trans | to appoint to office/function/dignity | AHD/W7 | |
| contrast | vb | to oppose/compare | AHD/W7 | |
| cost, cost | vb.str | to require specified payment/expenditure | AHD/W7 | |
| desist | vb.intrans | to cease to act/proceed | AHD/W7 | |
| destine | vb.trans | to predetermine | AHD/W7 | |
| destitute | adj | lacking something needed/desirable | AHD/W7 | |
| diastase | n | amylase, mixture of enzymes from malt | AHD/W7 | |
| distant | adj | away, separated in space | AHD/W7 | |
| ecstasy | n | overwhelming delight | AHD/W7 | |
| enstatite | n | magnesium silicate pyroxene | AHD | |
| epistasis | n | suppression of genetic effect by nonallelic gene | AHD/W7 | |
| epistyle | n | architrave | AHD/W7 | |
| establish | vb | to make firm/stable | AHD/W7 | |
| estaminet | n | small cafe | AHD/W7 | |
| estancia | n | ranch, farmstead | AHD | |
| estate | n | state, condition | AHD/W7 | |
| etagere | n | cabinet: tier of open shelves | AHD/W7 | |
| etamine | n | light cotton/worsted fabric with open mesh | AHD/W7 | |
| exist | vb.intrans | to have being (whether material/spiritual) | AHD/W7 | |
| extant | adj | standing out/above | AHD/W7 | |
| forestall | vb.trans | to intercept; hinder/prevent | AHD/W7 | |
| Hindustan | prop.n | historical region of India | AHD | |
| histiocyte | n | phagocytic tissue cell | AHD/W7 | |
| hist(o)- | pfx | body tissue | AHD | |
| histogram | n | bar graph of frequency distribution | AHD | |
| hypostasis | n | something that settles at bottom of fluid | AHD/W7 | |
| hypostyle | adj | having roof resting on columns in rows | AHD/W7 | |
| iconostasis | n | screen/partition separating bema from nave in Eastern church | AHD/W7 | |
| insist | vb | to take resolute stand/course | AHD/W7 | |
| instant | adj | urgent, importunate | AHD/W7 | |
| instant | n | moment, infinitesimal space of time | AHD/W7 | |
| instauration | n | restoration after lapse/decay/dilapidation | AHD/W7 | |
| institute | vb.trans | to establish in official position | AHD/W7 | |
| interstice | n | interval, space intervening between things | AHD/W7 | |
| isostasy | n | subjected to same pressure on all sides | AHD/W7 | |
| metastasis | n | change of form/state/position | AHD/W7 | |
| obstacle | n | obstruction, something that opposes/stands in way | AHD/W7 | |
| obstetric | adj | re: childbirth | AHD/W7 | |
| obstinate | adj | resolutely adhering to course/opinion/purpose despite reason/argument/persuasion | AHD/W7 | |
| oust | vb.trans | to dispossess, eject from/deprive of position/property | AHD/W7 | |
| penstemon | n | beardtongue: flowering plant with many seeds | AHD | |
| peristyle | n | colonnade surrounding court/building | AHD/W7 | |
| persist | vb.intrans | to go on stubbornly/resolutely despite warning/opposition/importunity | AHD/W7 | |
| post | n | column, pillar, piece of timber/metal fixed in upright position | AHD/W7 | |
| prostate | adj | re: prostate gland | AHD/W7 | |
| prostitute | vb.trans | to offer indiscriminate sexual intercourse for money | AHD/W7 | |
| prostyle | adj | having row of columns across front only | AHD | |
| resist | vb | to withstand force/effect of | AHD/W7 | |
| rest | n | remainder | AHD/W7 | |
| restharrow | n | Old World plant with trifoliate leaves | AHD | |
| restitute | vb | to restore to former state/position | AHD/W7 | |
| restive | adj | balky, stubbornly resisting control | AHD/W7 | |
| restore | vb.trans | to return, give back | AHD/W7 | |
| shtetl | n | small Jewish town/village | AHD | |
| solstice | n | point on ecliptic at maximum distance from celestial equator | AHD/W7 | |
| stable | adj | fixed, steadfast, firmly established | AHD/W7 | |
| stable | n | building for domestic animals | AHD/W7 | |
| Staddle | prop.n | Bree village in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
| staddle | n | base, support, foundation, platform for hay/straw stack | AHD/W7 | |
| stage | n | step, one of series of stations/positions one above another | AHD/W7 | |
| stall | vb | to mislead, employ delaying tactics | AHD | |
| stamen | n | microsporophyll of seed plant | AHD/W7 | |
| stammel | n | coarse woolen cloth | AHD | |
| stance | n | station | AHD/W7 | |
| stanch | vb.trans | to stop/check flow | AHD/W7 | |
| stanchion | n | upright bar/post/support | AHD/W7 | |
| stand, stood | vb.str | to support oneself erect on feet | AHD/W7 | |
| stand | n | act of standing, stopping/staying in place | W7 | |
| stanza | n | strophe, division of poem | AHD/W7 | |
| starboard | n | right side of ship (looking forward) | AHD/W7 | |
| starets | n | spiritual director/religious teacher/counselor in Eastern Orthodox Church | AHD/W7 | |
| starling | n | protecting structure of piles around bridge pier | AHD/W7 | |
| stasis | n | slowing/stoppage of normal body fluid flow | AHD/W7 | |
| -stat | n.sfx | stabilizing agent/device | AHD/W7 | |
| state | n | mode/condition of being; people occupying definite territory | AHD/W7 | |
| static | adj | exerting force via weight alone, without motion | AHD/W7 | |
| statice | n | thrift, sea lavender | AHD/W7 | |
| station | n | place/position where someone/something is assigned to stand/remain | AHD/W7 | |
| statistics | n | mathematics dealing with collection/analysis/interpretation and presentation of numeric data | AHD/W7 | |
| stative | adj | re: state, condition | AHD | |
| stato- | pfx | resting | AHD/W7 | |
| stator | n | stationary machine part in/about which rotor revolves | AHD/W7 | |
| statue | n | person/animal likeness modeled/sculptured in solid substance | AHD/W7 | |
| stature | n | natural height (of person) in upright position | AHD/W7 | |
| status | n | standing, position re: rank/condition | AHD/CDC | |
| statute | n | law enacted by legislative branch of government | AHD/W7 | |
| staurolite | n | iron aluminum silicate mineral in prismatic orthorhombic crystals | AHD/W7 | |
| stay | vb | to pause, stop going forward | AHD/W7 | |
| stead | n | place, locality | AHD/W7 | |
| steed | n | horse | AHD/W7 | |
| steer | n | male bovine (castrated before sexual maturity) | AHD/W7 | |
| steer | vb | to direct course | AHD/W7 | |
| stem | n | main trunk of tree/other plant | AHD/W7 | |
| stern | n | rear end of boat | AHD/W7 | |
| stet | vb.trans | to let stand, annotate signalling retention | AHD/W7 | |
| stirk | n | young bull/cow | AHD/W7 | |
| stithy | n | anvil; smithy | AHD/W7 | |
| stoa | n | ancient Greek portico with front colonnade offering sheltered promenade | AHD/W7 | |
| stoic | n | adherent of stoicism | AHD/W7 | |
| stoicism | n | philosophical school founded by Zeno of Citium ca. 300 BC | LRC | |
| stool | n | short chair without back/arms supported by legs/central pedestal | AHD/W7 | |
| Stoors | prop.n.pl | hobbit clan in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
| store | vb.trans | to supply, furnish | AHD/W7 | |
| stound | n | hour, time, while, period | AHD/W7 | |
| stow | vb.trans | to lodge, house | AHD/W7 | |
| stud | n | scantling, upright in building wall for fastening sheathing/paneling/lath | AHD/W7 | |
| stud | n | animal, esp. horse, kept for breeding | AHD/W7 | |
| stylite | n | Christian ascetic living atop pillar | AHD/W7 | |
| subsist | vb | to be, have existence | AHD/W7 | |
| substance | n | essence, essential nature | AHD/W7 | |
| substitute | n | person/thing that takes another's place | AHD/W7 | |
| superstition | n | belief/practice resulting from chance/ignorance/trust in magic/fear of unknown | AHD/W7 | |
| system | n | interacting/interdependent set of items forming unified whole | AHD/W7 | |
| understand, understood | vb.str | to comprehend, grasp meaning of | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian: | stān | vb.cont | to stand | GED |
| sted, stid, steith | n | site, (home)stead, location | ASD/GED | |
| steth | n | bank | GED | |
| stevne | n | stem, prow, stern | ASD | |
| stō | n | place | GED | |
| stōð | n | stud | GED | |
| stōl | n | stool, chair | GED | |
| stonda, standa | vb | to stand | ASD/GED | |
| stunde | n | stound | ASD | |
| Dutch: | stad | n | town | TLL |
| stam | n | stem: tree trunk | TLL | |
| stier | n | steer, bull | TLL | |
| stoel | n | stool, chair | TLL | |
| stuur-boord | n | starboard, lit. steer(ing)-board | ASD | |
| Old Saxon: | stadal | n.masc.str | site, shed, staddle | GED |
| stað | n | bank | GED | |
| stamn | n | stem, prow, stern | ASD | |
| stān | vb.cont | to stand | GED | |
| standan | vb | to stand | GED | |
| stedi | n | site, (home)stead, location | GED | |
| stēn | vb.cont | to stand | GED | |
| stōl | n | stool, chair | GED | |
| stunda | n | stound | ASD | |
| Old Low German: | stier | n | steer, young bull | ASD |
| Middle Low German: | stēde | adj | firm, constant | GED |
| stōd, stōt | n | pen, corral | GED | |
| stouwen, stōwen, stūwen | vb.wk | to stow, heap up | GED | |
| Old High German: | gi-stuomi | adj | quiet | GED |
| pfosto | n | post | W7 | |
| stadal | n.str.masc | site, shed, staddle | GED | |
| stad(o) | n.str.masc | bank | ASD/GED | |
| stām | vb | to stand | GED | |
| stam(m) | n.str.masc | stem | ASD/GED | |
| stān | vb.cont | to stand | GED | |
| stantan | vb.str | to stand | GED | |
| stārke, sterke | n | stirk, young cow that has not calved | ASD | |
| stat | n.str.fem | site, (home)stead, location | GED | |
| stāti | adj | firm, steady, established | GED | |
| stedir | n | landing place | GED | |
| stēn | vb.cont | to stand | GED | |
| stior | n | steer, young ox | W7 | |
| stouwen | vb.wk | to accuse, command | GED | |
| stūa-tago | n.str.masc | last judgment | GED | |
| stūēn | vb.wk | to repent | GED | |
| stunta | n | stound, hour | W7 | |
| stuol, stōl | n.str.masc | stool, chair | ASD/GED | |
| stuot | n.str.fem | stud, herd of horses for breeding, mare | GED | |
| Middle High German: | sterke, stirke | n | stirk | ASD |
| German: | Pfosten | n.masc | post | LRC |
| Staden | n | land | GED | |
| Stadt | n.fem | city | LRC | |
| städtisch | adj | urban | TLL | |
| Stamm | n.masc | stem | LRC | |
| Stand | n.masc | stand | LRC | |
| Statistik | n | statistics, study of political facts/figures | W7 | |
| statt | adv | instead | TLL | |
| stauen | vb | to stow, heap up | LRC | |
| stehen | vb | to stand | LRC | |
| Stier | n.masc | steer, young ox | LRC | |
| Stuhl | n.masc | stool, chair | LRC | |
| Stunde | n.fem | hour | LRC | |
| ungestüm | adj | vehement | GED | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | staðr | n.masc | place, spot, dwelling; part; way, respect | LRC |
| standa | vb | to stand (firm), be in a place; weigh | LRC | |
| steþi | n | anvil; smithy | W7 | |
| stjōrn | n | act of steering | W7 | |
| stórr | adj | great, huge | LRC | |
| stund | n.fem | stound, hour | LRC | |
| styðja, styðjadd | vb | to (provide with/use as) support; stab/pierce from all sides | LRC | |
| stýra, stýrað | vb | to steer, direct; wield, own | LRC | |
| þjórr | n | steer, bull | KNW | |
| Old Icelandic: | eld-stō | n.fem | hearth | GED |
| staðr | n.masc | site, (home)stead, location | GED | |
| standa | vb | to stand | GED | |
| stōð | n | standard, stud of horses | GED | |
| stōll | n | stool, chair | GED | |
| stǫð | n.fem | place of landing | GED | |
| stǫðull | n.str.masc | place, staddle | GED | |
| stœða | vb.wk | to make stand, confirm; bring to a standstill | GED | |
| stœðr | vb.ger | standing firmly | GED | |
| Icelandic: | eld-stó | n | fireplace | ASD |
| staðr | n | stead | ASD | |
| stafn, stamn | n | prow, stern | ASD | |
| standa | vb | to stand | ASD | |
| stjórn-borði | n | starboard, lit. steer(ing)-board | ASD | |
| stjórr | n | steer, young bull | ASD | |
| stoð | n.fem | stud, post, pillar, | ASD | |
| stóð | n.neut | stud (horse); herd of horses | ASD | |
| stóll | n | seat, throne | ASD | |
| stund | n | stound | ASD | |
| Norwegian: | stad | n | bank of river | GED |
| Danish: | etage | n | floor, story | TLL |
| staa | vb | to stand | GED | |
| stamme | n | stem: tree trunk | TLL | |
| stod | n | stud (horse); herd of horses | ASD | |
| stol | n | stool, chair | LRC | |
| styr-bord | n | starboard | ASD | |
| tyr | n | steer, bull | TLL | |
| Swedish: | stad | n | town, city | TLL |
| stam | n | stem: tree trunk | TLL | |
| stol | n | stool, chair | TLL | |
| styr-bord | n | starboard | ASD | |
| stå | vb | to stand | GED | |
| tjur | n | steer, bull | TLL | |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | ana-stodeins | n.fem | beginning | GED |
| *anda-staþjis | n.masc | adversary | GED | |
| stabs | n | element, rudiment | ASD | |
| standan | vb.str.VI | to stand | GED | |
| staþs | n.str.masc | place, region; land, shore | GED | |
| staua | n.fem | judgment, charge | GED | |
| stiurs | n | steer, calf | ASD | |
| stojan | vb.wk.I | to judge | GED | |
| stols | n.masc | stool, chair, throne | GED | |
| *stoma | n | confidence, substance | GED | |
| *unga-stoþs | adj | homeless | GED | |
| Crimean Gothic: | *staþ, statz | n | land: bank, shore | CGo/GED |
| stul | n | stool, chair | GED | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | arma | n.neut.pl | weapons | W7 |
| assisto, assistere | vb | to help, stand by | W7 | |
| caelestis, caelestis, caeleste | adj | celestial | LRC | |
| circumstans, circumstantis | adj/vb.ptc | standing around | W7 | |
| circumstantia | n.fem | circumstance | W7 | |
| circumsto, circumstare | vb | to stand around | W7 | |
| consisto, consistere | vb | to stand still, stop | W7 | |
| constans, constantis | adj/vb.ptc | constant, standing together | W7 | |
| constituo, constituere | vb | to set up, constitute | W7 | |
| constitutus | vb.ptc | decided, set up | W7 | |
| consto, constare | vb | to stand firm, be consistent | W7 | |
| desisto, desistere | vb | to withdraw | W7 | |
| destino, destināre | vb | to fix, designate | W7 | |
| destituo, destituere | vb | to abandon, deprive | W7 | |
| destitutus | vb.ptc | deprived, abandoned | W7 | |
| distans, distantis | adj/vb.ptc | distant, away | W7 | |
| disto, distare | vb | to stand apart | W7 | |
| epistylium | n.neut | epistyle | W7 | |
| exsisto, exsistere | vb | to come into being, exist | W7 | |
| exstans, exstantis | adj/vb.ptc | extant, existing | W7 | |
| exsto, exstare | vb | to stand out, be in existence | W7 | |
| insisto, insistere | vb | to stand upon, persist | W7 | |
| instans, instantis | vb.pres.ptc | standing upon, urging | W7 | |
| instauratio | n.fem | instauration, setting up | W7 | |
| instauratus | vb.ptc | instaured, set up | W7 | |
| instauro, instaurāre | vb | to renew, restore | W7 | |
| instituo, instituere | vb | to set up, institute | W7 | |
| institutus | vb.ptc | set up, instituted | W7 | |
| insto, instāre | vb | to stand upon, urge | W7 | |
| intersisto, intersistere | vb | to stand still in the middle | W7 | |
| interstitus | vb.ptc | separated at intervals | W7 | |
| obstaculum | n.neut | obstacle | W7 | |
| obstetrix, obstetricis | n.fem | midwife | W7 | |
| obstinatus, obstinata, obstinatum | adj | obstinate | LRC | |
| obstinatus | vb.ptc | resolved | W7 | |
| obstino, obstināre | vb | to be resolved | W7 | |
| obsto, obstare | vb | to resist, hinder, oppose, stand in way | W7 | |
| peristylum | n.neut | peristyle | W7 | |
| persisto, persistere | vb | to remain, persist | W7 | |
| postis | n.masc | door(post); organ of sight | W7 | |
| prostituo, prostituere | vb | to expose, to prostitute | W7 | |
| prostitutus | vb.ptc | prostituted | W7 | |
| resisto, resistere | vb | to resist | W7 | |
| restauro, restaurare | vb | to renew, rebuild | W7 | |
| restitutus | vb.ptc | restored | W7 | |
| resto, restare | vb | to rest, remain, stand back | W7 | |
| sisto, sistere | vb | to stand, stop | W7 | |
| solstitium | n.neut | solstice | W7 | |
| stabiliō, stabilīre, stabilīvī, stabilītus | vb | to confirm, establish | LRC | |
| stabilis, stabilis, stabile | adj | stable | LRC | |
| stabulum | n.neut | stable | GED | |
| stāmen | n.neut | thread, warp in weaving | GED | |
| stans, stantis | adj/vb.ptc | standing | W7 | |
| statim | adv | firmly, steadfastly; regularly, immediately | CLD | |
| statio, statiōnis | n.fem | station, guard, act of standing | GED | |
| stator | n.masc | one that stands | W7 | |
| statua | n.fem | statue | W7 | |
| statuo, statuere | vb | to set up | W7 | |
| statura, staturae | n.fem | stature, height | LRC | |
| status | n.masc | state | W7 | |
| status | vb.ptc | placed, standing | GED | |
| statutus, statutum | vb.ptc | decided | W7 | |
| sterilis | adj | sterile | W7 | |
| -stitium | sfx | suspension | W7 | |
| sto, stāre, steti, statum | vb | to stand, abide | LRC | |
| stoicus | adj | re: Stoic philosophers | W7 | |
| subsisto, subsistere | vb | to remain, come to a halt | W7 | |
| substans, substantis | adj/vb.ptc | standing under, consisting of | W7 | |
| substantia | n.fem | substance | W7 | |
| substituo, substituere, substitui, substitūtum | vb | to substitute, put in place of | W7 | |
| substo, substare | vb | to stand under, consist of | W7 | |
| superstes, superstitis | adj | standing over (as witness/survivor) | W7 | |
| superstitio, superstitionis | n.fem | superstition, prophesy | W7 | |
| Vulgar Latin: | arresto, arrestare | vb | to arrest | W7 |
| contrasto, contrastare | vb | to contrast, oppose | W7 | |
| stantia | n.fem | a stay | W7 | |
| stantico, stanticāre | vb | to stanch | W7 | |
| staticum | adj.neut | standing still | W7 | |
| Late Latin: | apostasia | n | defection, apostasy | AHD |
| ecstasis | n.fem | ecstasy | W7 | |
| hypostasis | n.fem | hypostasis, settling, substance | W7 | |
| interstitium | n.neut | interstice | W7 | |
| metastasis | n.fem | transition | W7 | |
| obsto, obstāre | vb | to ward off, be an obstacle | W7 | |
| statutum | n.neut | law, regulation | W7 | |
| subsisto, subsistere | vb | to exist | W7 | |
| systema, systematis | n.neut | system | W7 | |
| Middle Latin: | arresto, arrestare | vb.trans | to arrest, restrain | CDC |
| Medieval Latin: | instans, instantis | adj/vb.ptc | standing | W7 |
| New Latin: | armistitium | n.neut | armistice, truce | W7 |
| epistasis | n.fem | suppression of the effect of a gene | W7 | |
| hypostasis | n.fem | something that settles at the bottom of a fluid | W7 | |
| metastasis | n.fem | change of position, state or form | W7 | |
| obstetricus | adj | relating to childbirth | W7 | |
| prostata | n.fem | prostate gland | W7 | |
| staticus | adj | immobile | W7 | |
| statisticus | adj | of political facts and figures | W7 | |
| Portuguese: | armisticio | n | armistice | CDC |
| arrestar | vb.trans | to arrest | CDC | |
| assistir | vb | to assist | CDC | |
| custar | vb | to cost | TLL | |
| Spanish: | armisticio | n | armistice | CDC |
| arrestar | vb.trans | to arrest | CDC | |
| asistir | vb | to assist | CDC | |
| costar | vb | to cost | TLL | |
| estado | n | state | TLL | |
| estancar | vb | to stanch | TLL | |
| Old French: | apostasie | n | apostasy | AHD |
| arest | n | arrest, delay, restraint | CDC | |
| arester | vb.trans | to arrest | CDC | |
| assister | vb | to assist | AHD | |
| conestable | n.masc | constable | W7 | |
| destiner | vb | to destine | W7 | |
| estable | n.fem | barn | W7 | |
| estage | n.masc | stage | W7 | |
| estance | n.fem | stay, prop | W7 | |
| estanchon | n.masc | prop | W7 | |
| estat | n.masc | estate, state | W7 | |
| estorer | vb | to construct, restore, store | W7 | |
| oster | vb | to take away, to oust away | W7 | |
| restorer | vb | to restore, give back | W7 | |
| solstice | n.masc | solstice | W7 | |
| stature | n.fem | stature | W7 | |
| statut | n.masc | statute, decision | W7 | |
| substance | n.fem | substance | W7 | |
| Anglo-French: | ouster | vb | to expulse | W7 |
| Middle French: | arester | vb | to rest, arrest | W7 |
| assister | vb | to help, stand by | W7 | |
| circumstance | n.fem | circumstance | W7 | |
| consist | vb | to consist | W7 | |
| consister | vb | to consist | W7 | |
| constant | adj | constant | W7 | |
| contraster | vb | to oppose, resist | W7 | |
| contrester | vb | to control | W7 | |
| coster | vb | to cost | W7 | |
| desister | vb | to desist | W7 | |
| distant | adj | distant | W7 | |
| establir | vb | to establish, settle (down) | W7 | |
| estance | n.fem | position, posture, stay | W7 | |
| estancher | vb | to quench | W7 | |
| estanchon | n.masc | pond | W7 | |
| ester | vb | to stand, stay | W7 | |
| extasie | n.fem | ecstasy, delight | W7 | |
| insister | vb | to insist | W7 | |
| instant | adj | urging | W7 | |
| obstacle | n.masc | obstacle | W7 | |
| persister | vb | to persist | W7 | |
| résister | vb | to resist | W7 | |
| reste | n.masc | the rest | W7 | |
| rester | vb | to remain | W7 | |
| restive | adj | restive | W7 | |
| station | n.fem | station, stop | W7 | |
| statue | n.fem | statue | W7 | |
| supersticion | n.fem | superstition, pagan belief | W7 | |
| French: | armistice | n.masc | armistice, final truce in war | W7 |
| arrêter | vb.trans | to arrest | CDC | |
| assister | vb | to help, stand by | W7 | |
| contraster | vb | to contrast | W7 | |
| coûter | vb | to cost | TLL | |
| diastase | n.fem | proteic catalyser | R1/W7 | |
| étage | n.masc | floor, story | LRC | |
| étagère | n.fem | shelf | W7 | |
| étamine | n.fem | stamen, muslin | W7 | |
| étancher | vb | to stanch | TLL | |
| état | n | state | TLL | |
| interstice | n.masc | interstice, space in between | W7 | |
| ôter | vb | to remove | TLL | |
| péristyle | n.masc | peristyle, space encircled by columns | W7 | |
| Old Occitan: | arrestar | vb.trans | to arrest | CDC |
| Italian: | armistizio | n | armistice | CDC |
| arrestare | vb.trans | to arrest | CDC | |
| assistere | vb | to assist | CDC | |
| costare | vb | to cost | TLL | |
| stanza | n.fem | stance, room, habitation | W7 | |
| Baltic | ||||
| Old Prussian: | stalis | n | table | GED |
| Lithuanian: | pastõlas | n | stand (as for beehives) | GED |
| stačiaĩ | adv | straight | LRC | |
| stãčias | vb.ger | standing | GED | |
| stãlas | n | table, workbench | GED | |
| statýti | vb | to place | GED | |
| statùs | vb.ger | standing | GED | |
| stomuõ | n | stature | GED | |
| stóti | vb | to stand (up), place oneself | GED | |
| stovà | n | place | GED | |
| stõvai | n | loom for weaving | GED | |
| stovėti | vb | to stand | GED | |
| stõvis | n | state | GED | |
| Latvian: | atstāt, atstāju, atstāju | vb | to leave, depart, abandon | LRC |
| stāli | n | loom | GED | |
| stāmen | n | body, torso | GED | |
| stāvēt, stāvu, stāvēju | vb | to stand | LRC | |
| stāvi | n | loom | GED | |
| stâvs | n | figure, standing | GED | |
| stāvs | n.masc | stature, figure, frame | LRC | |
| Slavic | ||||
| Old Slavic: | stolŭ | n | seat, throne | W7 |
| Old Church Slavonic: | po-statь | n | part, manner | GED |
| stavъ | n | stand | GED | |
| stati, stanǫ, staneši | vb | to stand, place oneself | LRC | |
| stolъ | n.masc | seat, throne | LRC | |
| stojati | vb | to stand | GED | |
| Russian: | staryĭ | adj | old | W7 |
| Albanian | ||||
| Albanian: | shtetëror | adj | re: state | LRC |
| shtet | n.masc | state | LRC | |
| shton | vb | to augment, increase | LRC | |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Doric: | ἵστᾱμι | vb | to place, make to stand | GED |
| Aeolic: | στωία | n | hall with columns | GED |
| Homeric Greek: | ἱστός | n.masc | thing set upright: ship's mast, weaver's beam | LS/W7 |
| Greek: | ἀνίστημι | vb | to rise | LRC |
| ἀπίστημι | vb | to leave, depart | LRC | |
| ἀποκαθίστημι | vb | to restore | LRC | |
| apo-stasia | n.fem | revolt | W7 | |
| a-statos | adj | unsteady | W7 | |
| ἄ-στῡλος | adj | lit. without prop/pillar | LS | |
| aphistasthai | vb | to revolt | W7 | |
| dia-stasis | n.fem | separation | W7 | |
| δι-ίστημι | vb | to strive, separate | LRC | |
| ekstasis | n.fem | ecstasy | W7 | |
| existanai | vb | to derange | W7 | |
| ἐξίστημι | vb | to be amazed | LRC | |
| ἐπίσταμαι | vb.dep | to know | LRC | |
| epistasis | n.fem | act of stopping | W7 | |
| ἕστηκα | vb.perf | to stand | GED | |
| ἔστην | vb.aor | stood | GED | |
| ephistanai | vb | to stop | W7 | |
| ἐφίστημι | vb | to appear, stand up | LRC | |
| histanai | vb | to cause to stand | W7 | |
| histasthai | vb | to stand | W7 | |
| ἵστημι | vb | to put, place, (cause to) stand | LRC | |
| histion | n.neut | sail | W7 | |
| kathistanai | vb | to set in order | W7 | |
| katastasis | n.fem | settlement | W7 | |
| methistanai | vb | to change | W7 | |
| μεθίστημι | vb | to move | LRC | |
| metastasis | n.fem | metastasis | W7 | |
| peristylos | adj | surrounded by a colonnade | W7 | |
| proïstanai | vb | to put in front | W7 | |
| prostatēs | n.masc | chief, leader | W7 | |
| στάμνος | n | wine-jar | GED | |
| στάσις | n.fem | station; standing, stopping | GED | |
| -statēs | afx | standing still | W7 | |
| statikos | adj | static, causing to stand | W7 | |
| στατός | adj | placed, standing | GED | |
| staturos | n.masc | cross | W7 | |
| stauros | n.masc | stake | W7 | |
| στήμων | n.masc | thread, warp in weaving | GED | |
| στοά | n.fem | stoa, hall with columns | GED | |
| Stoa | prop.n.fem | Portico at Athens where Stoic philosophers taught | W7 | |
| stylos | n.masc | pillar, column | W7 | |
| stōïkos | adj | re: the Portico, Stoic philosphers | W7 | |
| synistanai | vb | to combine | W7 | |
| σύστημα | n.neut | system, composition, whole compounded of parts | LS | |
| hypostasis | n.fem | support, foundation, substance, sediment | W7 | |
| hypostylos | adj | hypostyle | W7 | |
| hyphistasthai | vb | to support, stand under | W7 | |
| Late Greek: | apostasia | n | defection | AHD |
| stylitēs | n.masc | stylite, hermite living atop pillar | W7 | |
| Medieval Greek: | eikonostasis | n.fem | crisis about images | W7 |
| Anatolian | ||||
| Hittite: | istanta- | vb | to stay, delay | GED |
| istap(p)- | vb | to cover | GED | |
| tittanu- | vb | to set up | GED | |
| Armenian | ||||
| Armenian: | stanam | vb | to acquire, buy at auction | LRC |
| Iranian | ||||
| Avestan: | hištaiti | vb | to stand | GED |
| stāitiš | n | station | GED | |
| stū̆nā | n.fem | pillar | GED | |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | ásthām | vb.past | stood | GED |
| tíṣṭhati | vb | to stand | GED | |
| sthavira | adj | stout, thick, broad | W7 | |
| sthā́tar- | n | guide (of horses/wagons) | GED | |
| sthātár- | adj | re: that which endures, is firm | GED | |
| sthātrám | n | location, abode | GED | |
| sthā́ma | n.neut | position, strength | GED | |
| sthitás | adj | placed, standing | GED | |
| sthítiṣ | n | station | GED | |
| sthitíṣ | n | station | GED | |
| sthū́ṇā | n | pillar | GED | |
| sthūra | adj | stout, thick, broad | W7 | |
| sthūrás | adj | big | GED | |
| Tocharian | ||||
| Tocharian B: | stām | n | tree | GED |
| stāre | vb.3.pl | are | GED | |
| ste | vb.3.sg | is | GED | |
| Tocharian A: | ṣtām | n | tree | GED |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | = | 1st person |
| 3 | = | 3rd person |
| I | = | class 1 |
| VI | = | class 6 |
| adj | = | adjective |
| adv | = | adverb(ial) |
| afx | = | affix |
| aor | = | aorist (tense) |
| cont | = | contraction |
| dep | = | deponent |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| ger | = | gerund(ive) |
| intrans | = | intransitive |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| past | = | past (tense) |
| perf | = | perfect (aspect) |
| pfx | = | prefix |
| pl | = | plural (number) |
| pres | = | present (tense) |
| prop | = | proper |
| ptc | = | participle |
| sfx | = | suffix |
| sg | = | singular (number) |
| str | = | strong (inflection) |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
| wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
| CGo | = | MacDonald Stearns, Jr: Crimean Gothic (1978) |
| CLD | = | Cassell's Latin Dictionary (1959, rev. 1968) |
| GED | = | Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986) |
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
| KNW | = | Gerhard Köbler: Altnordisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (2003) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| LS | = | Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev. |
| R1 | = | Josette Rey-Debove and Alain Rey, eds. Le Nouveau Petit Robert (1993) |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
