An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
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by Bosworth and Toller
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H
H IN Anglo-Saxon the letter h represents the guttural aspirate and the pure spirant. In later English the guttural h is generally represented by gh, e. g. leóht light, heáh high. Under certain circumstances h takes the place of c and g, see those letters. In. some cases it is dropped, e. g. bleó for bleoh; seón, p. seah; nabban = ne habban. In the Northumbrian specimens the use of the initial h, especially in the combinations hl, hn, hr, is uncertain, e. g. eorta = heorta, haald = ald, hlíf = líf, lysta = hlysta, hnett = nett, nesc = hnesc, hræst = ræst, ræfn = hræfn. The name of the Runic letter was hægl hail :-- Hægl byþ hwítust corna, Runic pm. 9; Kmbl. 341, 4; the forms accompanying the poem and given by Kemble are these, RUNE, RUNE, RUNE .
ha ha; interj. Ha ha! - Ha ha and he he getácniaþ hlehter on léden and on Englisc ha ha and he he denote laughter in Latin and in English, Ælfc. Gr. 48; Som. 49, 17.
habban, tó habbanne, hæbbene; pres. part. hæbbende; pres. indic. ic hæbbe, hafa, ðú hæfst, hafast, he hæfþ, hafaþ, pl. habbaþ, hæbbaþ; p. hæfde; subj. hæbbe, pl. hæbben, habban; imper. hafa, pl. habbaþ; pp. hæfed. I. cum acc. To HAVE, possess, hold, keep :-- Swylce getrýwþa swá se cyng æt him habban wolde such pledges as the king wished to have from him, Chr. 1093; Erl. 229, 19. Búton se biscop hie mid him habban wille unless the bishop want to have it with him, Past. Pref. Swt. 9, 6. Ða lǽwedan willaþ habban ðone mónan be ðam ðe hí hine geseóþ and ða gelǽredan hine healdaþ be ðisum foresǽdan gesceáde laymen will have the moon according as they see it, and the learned hold of it according to the aforesaid distinction, Lchdm. iii. 266, 10. Hé ða word nel on his heortan habban and healdan he will not have and hold those words in his heart, Blickl. Homl. 55, 8. Ðonne mágon wé ús God ælmihtigne mildne habban then may we have God Almighty merciful to us, 107, 17. Hát twelf weras nyman twelf stánas and habban forþ mid eów bid twelve men take twelve stones and have them along with you, Jos. 4, 3. Ðá hét ic eald hrægl tóslítan and habban wið ðæm fýre and sceldan mid jussi ergo scissas vestes opponere ignibus, Nar. 23, 30. Hwilce gerihtæ hé áhte tó habbanne what dues he ought to have, Chr. 1085; Erl. 218, 28 : Cd. 15; Th. 18, 26; Gen. 279. Swá ða hálgan dydon ðe náht ne gyrndon tó hæbbenne as the saints did who did not desire to have anything, Blickl. Homl. 53, 25. Se deáda byþ uneáðe ǽlcon men on neáweste tó hæbbene it will be a hard matter for any one to have the dead man in his neighbourhood, 59, 15. Eall ðæt him wæs leófost tó ágenne and tó hæbbene all that he liked best to own and to have, 111, 27. Ic hæbbe geweald micel I have much power, Cd. 15; Th. 18, 29; Gen. 280. Ic hafo, Beo. Th. 4307; B. 2510. Ic hafu, Exon. 48 a; Th. 166, 10; Gú. 1040. Ic hæbbe ðé tó secgenne sum þing habeo tibi aliquid dicere, Lk. Skt. 7, 40. Se hafaþ in hondum heofon and eorþan who hath in his hands heaven and earth, 42 a; Th. 140, 32; Gú. 619. Ðis leóht wé habbaþ wið nýtenu gemǽne this light we have in common with beasts, Blickl. Homl. 21, 13. We habbaþ nédþearfe ðæt wé ongyton we have need to perceive, 23, 1. Ða his mǽre word habbaþ and healdaþ qui facitis verbum ejus, Ps. Th. 102, 19. Æfter ðisum hæfde se cyng mycel geþeaht after this the king held a great council, Chr. 1085; Erl. 218, 22 : St. And. 32, 29 : Chr. 1050; Erl. 176, 9. Hér hæfde se cyng his híréd æt Gleáweceastre in this year the king held his court at Gloucester, 1094; Erl. 229, 27. Penda hæfde xxx wintra ríce and hé hæfde l wintra ðá dá hé tó ríce féng Penda reigned thirty years, and he was fifty years old when he came to the throne, 626; Erl. 22, 14. Ðæt cilde hæfde læsse ðonne þrý mónðas ðæs þriddan geáres the child was not quite two years and three months old, Shrn. 104, 18 : Cd. 55; Th. 68, 14 : Gen. 1117. Iudas hæfde onlícnesse ðara manna ðe willaþ Godes cyricean yfelian Judas was like those men that desire to do evil to God's church, Blickl. Homl. 75, 23. Hæfde cista gehwilc gárberendra x hund each troop contained a thousand warriors, Cd. 154; Th. 192, 11; Exod. 230. Hé ongan ða cnyhtas tó áxienne for hwig ðæt folc ðone Hǽlend swá yfele hæfde. Hig cwǽdon Hig habbaþ andan tó hym he asked the men why the people treated the Saviour so ill. They said, 'They bear malice to him,' Nicod. 8; Thw. 4, 18. Hé sceal bión stræc wið ða ðe ágyltaþ and for ryhtwísnesse hé sceal habban andan to hira yfele contra delinquentium vitia per zelum justitiæ erectus, Past. 12; Swt. 75, 13. Óð ðet hé ðone castel hæfde until he got the castle, Chr. 1102; Erl. 238, 14. Hine se módega mǽg Higeláces hæfde be honda the proud kinsman of Hygelac held him by the hand, Beo. Th. 1632; B. 814. Æðelwulf his dóhtor hæfde him tó cuéne Ethelwulf had his daughter for his queen, Chr. 885; Erl. 84, 5. Heó hyt for Crystes andwlytan ǽfre hæfde she ever considered it as Christ's countenance, St. And. 38, 4. Eal þeódscype hine hæfde for fulne cyng all the nation considered him as full king, Chr. 1013; Erl. 148, 36 : Bt. Met. Fox 26, 87; Met. 26, 44 : Mt. Kmbl. 14, 5. Ða Seaxan hæfdun sige the Saxons got the victory, Chr. 885; Erl. 84, 8 : 909; Erl. 101, 20. Hí hæfdon hine mid heom óþ ðét hí ofslógon hine they had him with them till they slew him, 1046; Erl. 174, 20. Hí on gewunan hæfdon they have been accustomed, L. Eth. 9, 31; Th. i. 346, 28. Hine grame hæfdon tó hæfte fierce men held him captive, Ps. Th. 104, 15. Ða hæfdon monige unwíse menn him tó worde and tó leásungspelle quidam ridiculam fabulam texuerunt, Ors. 1, 7; Swt. 40, 7. Gif cniht wǽpn brede gilde se hláford án pund and hæbbe se hláford æt ðæt hé mǽge if a follower draw a weapon, let the lord pay one pound, and let the lord get from him what he can, Th. Chart. 612, 25. Ðæt ǽrest is ðæt man tó óðrum lǽððe hæbbe the first kind [of murder] is for a man to bear enmity to another, Blickl. Homl. 63, 36. Se ðe forhogaþ ðæt hé ǽnig gemynd hæbbe Drihtnes eáðmódnesse he that neglects to have any recollection of the Lord's meekness, 83, 16. Ǽghwilcum men biþ leófre swá hé hæbbe holdra freónda má the more friends every man has the better he likes it, 123, 1. Be ðam sacerde ðonne hé mæssaþ hwæt hé on him hæbbe of the priest when he says mass what he is to have on, L. Edg. C; Th. ii. 128, 19. Áwriten is ðæt ðíne englas ðé on hondum habban it is written that thine angels shall take thee in their hands, 27, 14. Ða hwíle ðe wé ðæt líf on úrum gewealde habban while we have the life in our power, 101, 11. Uton geþencean hwylc handleán wé him forþ tó berenne habban let us consider what recompense we have to produce for him, 91, 14. Hafa ðé wunden gold take for thyself the twisted gold, Cd. 97; Th. 128, 18; Gen. 2128. Gif man frigne man æt hæbbendre handa gefó if a freeman be taken with stolen goods upon him, L. Wiht. 26; Th. i. 42, 15 : L. Ath. 1, 1; Th. i. 198, 16 : 4, pref. Th. i. 220, 11. Wé beóþ hæbbende ðæs ðe wé ǽr hopedon we shall be in possession of that which before we hoped for, Homl. Th. i. 250, 34. Is seó stów on micelre árwurþnysse hæfed in magna veneratione habetur locus ille, Bd. 3, 2; S. 524, 12. Mid ðý hé mid ðone gesíþ hæfed wæs dum apted comitem teneretur, 4, 22; S. 591, 32. Adam and Eva on bendum wǽron hæfde Adam and Eve were held in bonds, Blickl. Homl. 87, 26. II. with partitive gen :-- Hæbbe ic his on handa I have some of it in my hand, Cd. 32; Th. 42, 23; Gen. 678. Se ðe ðara mihta hæbbe árǽre cirican he who has the means let him erect a church, L. Pen. 14; Th. ii. 282, 5 : L. E. I. 3; Th. ii. 404, 22. Hé ne móste ðæs fyrstes habban ðe hé gewilnode he might not have any of the respite that he desired, Homl. Th. i. 414, 28. III. with the gerundial infin. to express the future :-- Ðone calic ðe ic tó drincenne hæbbe calicem quem ego bibiturus sum, Mt. Kmbl. 20, 22 [cf. the formation of the future tense in the Romance languages]. IV. with an uninflected participle :-- Ðú mé forlǽred hæfst thou hast seduced me, Cd. 38; Th. 50, 34; Gen. 818. Ðæs lífes ðe ðú hafast ofslegen the life that thou hast slain, Exon. 29 b; Th. 90, 25; Cri. 1479 For ðissum ælþeódigum ðe wé on ðissum carcerne betýned habbaþ on account of this stranger whom we shut up in this prison, Blickl. Homl. 245, 36. Gé habbaþ ús gedón láðe Pharaone ye have made us hateful to Pharaoh, Ex. 5, 21. V. with an inflected participle, sometimes also with an uninflected participle as well :-- Ic mínes þeódnes hafa hyldo forworhte I have forfeited my prince's favour, Cd. 39; Th. 52, 1; Gen. 836. Ðú hæfst ðé wið dryhten dýrne geworhtne thou hast made thyself dear to the Lord, 25; Th. 32, 22; Gen. 507. Ðú hafast helle bereáfod and ðæs deáþes aldor gebundenne thou hast despoiled hell, and bound the prince of death, Blickl. Homl. 87, 22. Ðín ágen geleáfa ðé hæfþ gehǽledne thine own faith hath saved thee, 15, 27 : 85, 23. Ðás þing wé habbaþ be him gewritene we have written these things about him, Chr. 1086; Erl. 222, 40. Ðá cwæþ Iacob Bearnleásne gé habbaþ mé gedónne then said Jacob, Ye have made me childless, Gen. 42, 36. Hie hine ofslægenne hæfdon they had slain him, Chr. 755; Erl. 50, 1 : 867; Erl. 72, 9. [Laym. habben, han : Orm : habbenn, hafenn : A. R. habben : Goth. haban : O. Sax. hebbian : O. Frs. hebba, habba : Icel. hafa : O. H. Ger. haben.] DER. á-, æt-, be-, for-, ge-, of-, on-, wið-, wiðer-, ymb-habban : nabban : bord-, daroþ-, dreám-, eard-, lind-, rand-, searo-hæbbende.
haca, an; m. A hook [?], bolt or bar of a door; pessulus, Gl. Mett. 658. [Icel. haki : Dan. hage : Swed. hake a hook : O. H. Ger. hako, hakko uncinus, furca : Ger. haken a hook, clasp : and cf. Icel. haka the chin.] See Skeat's Dict. hake, hatch, hackle.
haccian; p. ode; pp. od To hack; concidere, secando comminuere, Lye. [A. R. hackede; p : Chauc. hakke : O. Frs. (to-)hakkia : Dut. hakken to hew, chop : Dan. hakke to hack, hoe : Ger. hacken to chop, cleave.] v. tó-haccian.
hacele, an; f : hæcla, an; m [?] A cloak, mantle, upper garment, coal, cassock. Lye gives the following meanings lacerna, subucula, capsula, mantilia, pl :-- Hacele clamis, Ælfc. Gl. 65; Som. 69, 40; Wrt. Voc. 40, 67 : 110; Som. 79, 51; Wrt. Voc. 59, 22 : 284, 65. Ðá bewráh se árleása geréfa his ansýna mid his hacelan then the impious count covered his face with his cloak, Nar. 42, 24. Ðá gegyrede heó hý mid hǽrenre tunecan and mid byrnan ðæt is mid lytelre hacelan she dressed herself in a tunic of hair and in a byrnie, that is in a little cassock, Shrn. 140, 30. Ðá sende him mon áne blace hacelan angeán a black mantle [sagum] was sent to him, Ors. 5, 10 : Swt. 234, 22. Saulus heóld ealra ðæra stǽnendra hacelan Saul held the garments of all those who were stoning [Stephen], Homl. Th. ii. 82, 22 : i. 48, 1. Hæcla pallium, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 5, 40. [Goth. hakuls; m. a cloak : O. Frs. hexil [= hekil (?)] : Icel. hekla; f. a kind of cowled or hooded frock : hökull; m. a priest's cope : O. H. Ger. hachul cuculla, casula.] See Grmm. D. M. 873 ff. DER. mæsse-hacele. 'In the West of England the word hackle is specially used of the conical straw roofing that is put over bee-hives. Also, of the "straw covering of the apex of a rick," says Mr. Akerman, Glossary of Wiltshire words, v. Hackle.' - Earle's Chronicle, p. 338.
hacine pusta, Ælfc. Gl. 33; Som. 62, 21; Wrt. Voc. 28, 4.
hacod, es; m. A pike :-- Hacod lucius, Ælfc. Gl. 102; Som. 77, 69; Wrt. Voc. 55, 72; 77, 73. Hacodas lucios, Coll. Monast. Th. 23, 33. [Haked a large pike (Cambridgeshire) : O. H. Ger. hachit, hechit, hæcid lucius, mugil : Ger. hecht a pike.] v. haca.
HÁD, es; m. I. person; persona :-- Ðú ne besceáwast nánes mannes hád non respicis personam hominum, Mt. Bos. 22, 16. Cyninges naman hæfde and wæs ðæs hádes well wyrþe regis nomine ac persona dignissimus, Bd. 3, 21; S. 550, 40, MS. B. Weorþian wé ða cláþas his hádes let us honour the clothes of his person, Blickl. Homl. 11, 9. Hé wæs on ánum háde twegra gecynda he was of two natures in one person, 33, 33. On þrým hádum efnespédelícum in tribus personis consubstantialibus, Bd. 4, 17; S. 585, 38 : Homl. Th. ii. 42, 26. Þrý hádas synd worda. Se forma hád is ðe sprecþ be him sylfum ána . . . Se óðer hád ðe se forma sprecþ tó ... Se þridda hád is be ðam ðe se forma hád sprecþ tó ðam óðrum háde there are three persons of verbs. The first person is he who speaks about himself alone . . . The second person is he whom the first speaks to . . . The third person is he about whom the first person speaks to the second person, Ælfc. Gr. 22; Som. 23, 49-53. Hád ðæt is persona, 15; Som. 17, 30. II. sex :-- Gewuldrad is se heánra hád the humbler sex is glorifed, Exon. 9 a; Th. 7, 10; Cri. 99. Óðre monige ǽghwæðeres hádes alii utriusque sexus, Bd. 1, 7; S. 479, 12. Ǽlcere yldo and háde omni ætati et sexui, 1, 1; S. 473, 22. Ðæt hé ne forðon wíflíce háde árede ut ne sexui quidem miliebri parceret, 2, 20; S. 521, 25. III. degree, rank, order, condition :-- Hád gradus, Ælfc. Gr. 11; Som. 15, 17. Gehwylces hádes menn men of every degree, Blickl. Homl. 47, 34 : L. Ecg. C. 32; Th. ii. 156, 19. Sundor ánra gehwilc herige in háde let each one separately praise thee in their degree, Cd. 192; Th. 239, 16; Dan. 371 : 28; Dan. 377 : Th. 240, 27; Dan. 393. Fore ǽlcum háde ciricelíca pro omni gradu æcclesiastico, Rtl. 175, 25 : 193. 37. Wer on lǽwedum háde vir in laico habitu, Bd. 5, 13; S. 632, 7 : 4, 11; S. 579, 19. Hé on lǽwedum háde beón sceolde he had to lead the life of a layman, Blickl. Homl. 213, 9. Heárra on háde higher in rank, L. Eth. 6, 52; Th. i. 328, 14. Þurh háligne hád gecýðed made known by clerks, Exon. 34 a; Th. 107, 27; Gú. 65. Seofon hádas syndon gesette on bócum tó Godes þénungum intó Godes circan seven orders are appointed in books for God's ministries in God's church, L. Ælfc. P. 34; Th. ii. 378, 1 : L. Ælfc. C. 10; Th. ii. 346, 25. Monige sindon hádas under heofenum many are the conditions under the heavens, Exon. 33 a; Th. 104, 3; Gú. 2. Biscopes oððe óðera háda episcopi vel reliquorum ordinum, Bd. 2, 5; S. 506, 30. Wiotan ǽgðer ge godcundra háda ge woruldcundra wise men both clerks and laymen, Past. Pref. Swt. 3, 3. Bútan hálgum hádum extra sacros ordines, Bd. 1, 27; S. 489, 16. Mid myclum hádum biscopas and cyningas those of high degree, as bishops and kings, Blickl. Homl. 109, 23 : Homl. Th. ii. 122, 27. Swá wé settaþ be eallum hádum ge ceorle ge eorle so we ordain for all degrees both gentle and simple, L. Alf. pol. 4; Th. i. 64, 3. Dám ðe heora hádas mid clǽnnesse healdan to those who keep their orders with purity, Blickl. Homl. 43. 4. Gemǽnes hádes man clericus, L. Ecg. P. 2, 24; Th. ii. 192, 8 : 16; Th. ii. 156, 31. Tó háde fón to take orders, 4, 8; Th. ii. 206, 7. IV. state, condition, kind, nature, form [having the meaning which is preserved in the suffix -hood, -head] :-- Leóht hafaþ hád háliges gástes light hath the nature of the holy spirit, Salm. Kmbl. 817; Sal. 408. Se heáþrym ðæs Godes hádes the excellent glory of the Godhead, Blickl. Homl. 131, 18. Onsýn yldran hádes the aspect of an older state [a more advanced age], Exon. 40 a; Th. 132, 12; Gú. 471. Wæs se súþduru hwæthwega háde máre the south door was somewhat greater in form, Blickl. Homl. 201, 15. On weres háde in the form of a man, Elen. Kmbl. 144; El. 72. Onwendan heora wuldor on ðæne wyrsan hád hǽðenstyrces mutaverunt gloriam suam in similitudinem vituli, Ps. Th. 105, 17. Hád oferhogedon hálgan lífes they despised the state of a holy life, Cd. 188; Th. 235, 2; Dan. 300. Fǽmnan hád virginity, Exon. 9 a; Th. 6, 31; Cri. 92 : 14 a; Th. 28, 10; Cri. 444. Cildes hád, Exon. 65 a; Th. 240, 15; Ph. 639 : 61 a; Th. 224, 7; Ph. 372. Þurh cnihtes hád onsýne wearþ he became visible in the form of a youth, Andr. Kmbl. 1824; An. 914. Hæleþa leófost on gesíþes hád dearest of men as a comrade, Beo. Th. 2598; B. 1297. Næs sinc-máððum sélra on sweordes hád there was no better treasure among swords, 4393; B. 2193. Þurh hǽstne hád by violence, Beo.Th. 2674; B. 1335 : Exon. 8 b; Th. 4, 7; Cri. 49. Þurh monigne hád in many a form, 54 b; Th. 191, 34. Blis manigra háda cwicera cynna the joy of many kinds of living creatures, Menol. Fox 182; Men. 92 : Exon. 33 a; Th. 105, 15; Gú. 23. [Laym. hád, hód : Orm. hád : A. R. hód : Ayenb. hód : Goth. haidus manner, way : O. Sax. héd : Icel. heiðr honour: O. H. Ger. heit persona, sexus, ordo, gradus.]
-hád a suffix forming abstract nouns, e. g. bisceop-, cild-, man-, wer-hid, etc. In the oldest English it is found combined only with nouns, while in the later stages of the language, as in O. Sax. O. Frs. O. H. Ger. words are formed with it from adjectives. An early instance occurs in the Land MS. of the Chronicle 'druncenhed,' 1070; Erl. 209, 35. In later English it takes two forms, -hode, -hede; in modern times, -hood, -head. [O. Sax. héd : O. Frs. -héd,-héde, -heid : O. H. Ger. -heit, -heiti : Ger. -heit : Dan. -hed.] v. hád.
hád-bót, e; f. A recompence, compensation, or atonement for injury done to persons in holy orders, or hád-bryce; sacri ordinis violati compensatio, L. E. B. 4; Th. ii. 240, 17 : L. O. 12; Th. i. 182, 13.
hád-breca, an; m. A violator of holy orders; sacri ordinis violator :-- Hád-brécan violators of holy orders, L. C. S. 6; Th. i. 380, 2 : Lupi Serin. i. 19; Hick. Thes. ii. 105, 3; Swt. A. S. Rdr. 110, 178.
hád-brice,-bryce, es; m. [hád II. holy orders in the church; brice a violation, breach] An injury done to persons in holy orders, a violation of holy orders; ordinis infractura, sacri ordinis violatio :-- Gif hwá hádbryce gewyrce, gebéte ðæt be hádes mǽðe if any one do an injury to a person in holy orders, let him make amends for it according to the degree of the order, L, C. S. 50; Th. i. 404, 16. On hádbricum [MS. hádbrican] in breaches of holy orders, L. Eth. vi. 28; Th. i. 322, 19 : v. 25; Th. i. 310, 18 : Swt. A. S. Rdr. 109, 148.
hádelíce; adv. Personaliter, Hymn. Surt. 29, 13.
haderung [= hád-árung?] Personarum acceptio, Som.
hád-griþ, es; n. Peace, security, or privilege of holy orders; sacri ordinis pax, L. Eth. vii. 19; Th. i. 332, 25.
hádian; p. ode; pp. od To ordain :-- Tó ðan ðet hé hine hádian sceolde in order that he might ordain him, Chr. 1048; Erl. 177, 20. Léton hig hádian tó bisceopum they got themselves ordained bishops, 1053 Erl. 188, 14. Ealdorlícnys ðæt hé bisceopas hádian móste ordinandi episcopos auctoritas, Bd. 2, 8; S. 510, 5. Hine hádigean tó bysceope in episcopatus consecrare gradum, 3, 7; S. 529, 9, note. Sende hé hine tó hádiganne misit eum ordinandum, 3, 28; S. 560, 8. Hádigenne, L. Ælf. C. 17; Th. ii. 348, 26. Hér mon hádode Byrnstán bisceop tó Wintanceastre in this year Byrnstan was ordained to the bishopric of Winchester, Chr. 931; Ed. 110, 22. Ne hádige man ǽfre wudewan tó hrædlíce never let a widow take the veil too hastily, L. C. S. 74; Th. i. 416, 15. [Laym. hoded; pp : Orm. hædedd.]
hád-notu, e; f. The employment, ministry, office belonging to holy orders :-- Búton hé forworhte ðæt hé ðære hádnote notian ne móste unless he should do amiss so that he might not exercise the office which belongs to his orders, L. R. 7; Th. i. 192, 16.
hádod; part. p. used as adj. Ordained, in orders, clerical as opposed to lay :-- Ða witan ge hádode ge lǽwede the 'witan,' both clerical and lay, Chr. 1014; Erl. 150, 4 : 1023; Erl. 162, 46 : L. Edm. S. pref : Th. i. 246, 20.
hádor, es; m. n [?] The clear, serene sky; serenum :-- Under heofenes hádor under heaven's serene, Beo. Th. 832; B. 416. [Cf. O. H. Ger. heiteri serenum : Icel. heið the brightness of the sky.] Cf. rodor, and see hádor; adj.
hádor, hǽdor; adj. Clear [applied both to light and to sound], bright, serene :-- Hádor heofonleóma the clear heaven-light, Andr. Kmbl. 1675; An. 840 : 2918; An. 1458 : 178; An. 89 : Bt. Met. Fox 22, 47; Met. 22, 24. Scóp hwílum sang hádor on Heorote at times the poet sang clear-voiced in Heorot, Beo. Th. 998; B. 497. Seó sunne on hádrum heofone scíneþ the sun shines in the clear sky, Bt. 9; Fox 26, 15 : Bt. Met. Fox 28, 95; Met. 28, 48. Hǽdre heofontungol the bright stars of the sky, Exon. 18 a; Th. 43, 23; Cri. 693. Hádrum nihtum in clear nights, Bt. Met. Fox 20, 463; Met. 20, 232. Se ðe heofen þeceþ hádrum wolcnum qui operit cælum nubibus, Ps. Th. 146, 8. Singaþ hǽdrum stefnum they sing with clear voices, Elen. Kmbl. 1492; El. 748. [O. Sax. hédor : O. H. Ger. heitar clarus, splendidus, serenus, micans : Ger. heiter : Icel. heiðr bright (of the sky, stars).]
hádre, hǽdre; adv. Clearly [of light and of sound] :-- Hádre scíneþ rodores candel the lamp of the firmament [the sun] shines brightly, Beo. Th. 3147; B. 1571. Hǽdre blícan, scínan to shine brightly, Exon. 57 b; Th. 205, 20; Ph. 115 : 120 b; Th. 462, 17; Hö. 53 : 51 b; Th. 179, 6; Gú. 1257. Swéga mǽste hǽdre clearly with loudest melody, 64 b; Th. 239, 10; Ph. 619 : 54 a; Th. 190, 26; Az. 79. Ðonne sió sunne sweotolost scíneþ hádrost of hefone when from heaven shines the sun most clearly and brightly, Bt. Met. Fox 6, 7; Met. 6, 4. [O. Sax. hédro.]
hád-swǽpa pronuba, Ælfc. Gl. 93; Som. 75, 79; Wrt. Voc. 52, 29. v. next word.
hád-swápe, -swǽpe, an; f. A bridesmaid; pronuba, paranymphus = παράνυμφos, Ælfc. Gl. 87; Som. 74, 56, 58; Wrt. Voc. 50, 38, 40 : 288, 80. [Ettmüller compares hád in this word with Gothic, héþjo a chamber.]
hádung, e; f. Ordination :-- On ðare smyrunge biþ lǽcedóm and ne biþ ná hádung in the unction is healing and there is not ordination, L. Ælfc. P. 48; Th. ii. 384, 33. Bisceopum gebyreþ ðæt hí ne beón tó feohgeorne æt hádunge it is fitting for bishops not to be too eager after money at ordination, L. I. P. 10; Th. ii. 316, 32. On ǽlcere hádunge se ðe gehádod biþ hé biþ gesmyrod mid gehálgodum ele at every ordination he that is ordained is anointed with consecrated oil, Homl. Th. ii. 14, 25 : 124, 2. Ðæt hé ne háding ne háleging ne dó not to ordain nor consecrate, Chr. 675; Erl. 38, 4. [Orm. hading.]
hæbbendlíc; adj. Habilis :-- Sume habbaþ sceortne i amabilis lufigendlíc, habilis hæbbendlíc, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 28; Som. 11. 41.
hæbbenga; adv. With constraint, constrainedly. [Somner gives this word and explains it by cohibitio, but it appears to be an adverb like eallenga, etc.]
hæc; gen. hæcce; f. A hatch, grating, a gate made of latticework [?] :-- Of ðare ealdan hæcce, Th. Chart. 394, 15, 21 : 395. 10, 22, 28 : 396, 4, 5, 14. [Prompt. Parv. hec, hek, or hetche, or a dore antica. On this word the following note is given :-- ' "Antica, a gate, or a dore, or hatche est antica domus ingressus ab anteriori," Ortus. "An heke antica," Cath. Ang. "Ostiolum hek," Roy. MS. 17 c. xvii. f. 27. "Hatche of a dore hecq," Pals. "Guichét, a wicket, or hatch of a doore," Cotg. Forby gives "hack, half-hack, a hatch, a door divided across." In the North, a heck-door is one partly latticed and partly panelled.' See also Skeat's Dict. hatch.] Cf. haca.
hæcce, e; f. A crosier :-- Ðis mycel is gegolden of ðære cyricean W. cyninge ... of ðam candelstæfe x pund and of dære hæcce xxxiii marca this much has been paid by the church [of Worcester] to king William ... from the candlestick x pounds, and from the crosier xxxiii marks, Th. Chart. 440, 4. Ðæt hæcce wæs eall of gold and of seolfre the crosier was all of gold and silver, Chr. 1070; Erl. 209, 9. Eall ðæt ðider com ðæt wæs ðone hæcce and sume scríne and sume róden all that came there was the crosier and some shrines and some crucifixes, 32. [Cf. haca.]
hæcewol exactor, Ælfc. Gl. 8; Som. 56, 94; Wrt. Voc. 18, 44.
hæc-wer, es; m. A weir with a grate to take fish, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 450, 15, 22. ['A salmon-heck, a grate to take them in,' English Dialect Society, No. 30, p. 82. v. hæc.]
hædre; adv. Straitly, hardly, oppressively, anxiously; arcte, anxie :-- Hyge hædre [hearde, A.] wealleþ my mind is agitated with anxiety, Salm. Kmbl. 126; Sal. 62. [Míne sáwle] hædre gehogode hǽl save [my soul] oppressed by anxious thoughts, Exon. 118 b; Th. 456, 5; Hy. 4, 62.
hæfdling. v. efen-hæfdling, heáfodling.
hæfe, es; m. Leaven; fermentum :-- Warniaþ fram herodes hæfe cavete a fermento herodis, Mk. Skt. 8, 15. [Cf. O. H. Ger. hefo; m. fæx : Ger. hafen yeast.] v. ge-hafen.
Hæfeldan the name of a Slavonic people :-- Wylte ðe man Hæfeldan hǽt, Ors. 1, 1; Bos. 18, 39 : 19, 18. In explanation of this double naming, Bosworth, p. 36 (translation), quotes 'Wilsos, Henetorum gentem ad Havelam trans Albim sedes habentem.' v. note 12.
hæfen, e; f. Having, property, possession :-- Be his ágenre hæfene according to his own property, Homl. Th. i. 582, 28 : 580, 22 : ii. 400, 2. [Icel. höfn; f. a holding, possession : cf. O. H. Ger. haba possessio : Ger. habe.]
hæfen, e; f : hæfene, an; f. A haven, harbour, port :-- Of ǽiðre healfe ðare hæfene from either side of the harbour, Chr. 1031; Erl. 162, 5. Ic ann ða hæuene on Sandwíc I grant the port of Sandwich, Th. Chart. 317, 21. Ða hæfenan on Sandwíc the port of Sandwich, Chr. 1031; Erl. 162, 3 : 1090; Erl. 226, 26. [Icel. höfn; f : Dan. havn : Ger. hafen.]
hæfen-blǽte, es; m. A haven-bleater [?], a sea-gull; bugium, Ælfc. Gl. 37; Som. 62, 128; Wrt. Voc. 29, 23.
hæfenleás; adj. Without property, poor, needy, Ps. Lamb. 11, 5. v. hafenleás.
hæfenleást, e; f. Poverty, penury :-- Þurh hæfenleáste through poverty, Lchdm. iii. 442, 19 : Ps. Lamb. 43, 27. v. hafenleást.
hæfer, es; m. A he-goat, buck; caper :-- Hæfer caper, Wrt. Voc. 288, 17. Nim hæferes smera take goat's grease, Lchdm. iii. 14, 8. [Icel. hafr : Lat. caper.]
hæferbíte, es; m. Forceps, Som.
hæferblǽte, es; m. Bicoca, Ælfc. Gl. 16; Som. 58, 54; Wrt. Voc. 21, 42 : 280, 28. [Cf. hammer-bleat the snipe, English Dialect Society, No. 20, p. 42.]
hæfern, es; m. A crab; cancer, Wrt. Voc. 281, 63. Hæfern concern = cancer [?], 291, 31. v. wæter-hæfern.
hæft, es; m. I. one seized or taken, a captive :-- Hé licgan geseah hæftas in hylle he saw captives lying in hell, Cd. 229; Th. 309, 27; Sat. 717 : 217; Th. 277, 10; Sat. 202 : Exon. 10 a; Th. 10, 18; Cri. 154 : Andr. Kmbl. 2142; An. 1072. Wé ðé biddaþ ðæt ðú gehýre hæfta stefne we beseech thee to hear the voice of the captives, Exon. 13 a; Th. 22, 32; Cri. 360. Under hæftum amid the captives, Cd. 220; Th. 284, 9; Sat. 319. II. one taken and enslaved, a slave, servant :-- Ðá bebohtan bearn Iacobes Ioseph ðǽr hine grame hæfdon tó hæfte in servum venumdatus est Ioseph, Ps. Th. 104, 15. Hweorfon ða hǽðenan hæftas fram ðám hálgan cnihton the heathen slaves went from the holy youths, Cd. 187; Th. 232, 28; Dan. 267. Gearwe stódun hæftas heársume ready stood the slaves obedient, Exon. 43 a; Th. 145, 19; Gú. 697. [Icel. haftr a prisoner, bondman : cf. Goth. hafts joined : O. Sax. haft : O. H. Ger. haft vinctus, captivus.]
hæft, es; m. I. a band, fetter; vinculum :-- Bútan hæftum without bonds, Salm. Kmbl. 823; Sal. 411 : Cd. 222; Th. 291, 8; Sat. 427. Tó hæftum geferian to bring into bonds, 216, Th. 274, 2; Sat. 148 : 215; Th. 270, 17; Sat. 92. Of hæftum lǽdan to bring out of captivity, 224; Th. 296, 20; Sat. 505 : 225; Th. 299, 21; Sat. 553. II. captivity, bondage, imprisonment, keeping; captivitas, custodia :-- Is ðes hæft tó ðan strang this imprisonment is so severe, Elen. Kmbl. 1403; El. 703 : Cd. 171; Th. 215, 15; Exod. 583. Hé betǽhte hine on ðam hæfte sixtyne cempum tó healdenne he committed him to the keeping of sixteen soldiers to hold, Homl. Th. ii. 380, 29. Hé of hæfte áhlód folces unrím from captivity he drew forth people numberless, Exon. 16 a; Th. 35, 34; Cri. 568 : Andr. Kmbl. 2797; An. 1401 : 2938; An. 1472. Him on hæft nimeþ takes into bondage to him, 11 b; Th. 16, 29; Cri. 260 : 41 a; Th. 138, 1; Gú. 569 : Cd. 189; Th. 235, 16; Dan. 307 : Chr. 1036; Erl. 164, 31. In hæftum in custodias, Lk. Skt. Lind. 21, 12. [Icel. haft, hapt; n. a bond, chain : O. H. Ger. haft; m : Ger. haft; m. clasp, rivet : haft; f. imprisonment.]
hæft, hæfte, es; n. A haft, handle; manubrium :-- Hæft and helfe manubrium, Ælfc. Gl. 52; Som. 66, 31; Wrt. Voc. 35, 20. Nim ðæt seax ðe ðæt hæfte síe fealo hryðeres horn take a knife, the handle of which is yellow ox-horn, L. M. 2, 65; Lchdm. ii. 290, 22 : 52; Lchdm. ii. 272, 21. Folc Ebréa fuhton hæfte guldon hyra fyrngeflítu fágum sweordum the Hebrew folk fought with the haft [= sword, a part put for the whole, cf. ord, ecg?], with stained swords repaid their quarrels of old, Judth. 12; Thw. 25, 16; Jud. 263. [Prompt. Parv. heft manubrium : Icel. hepti; n. a haft or kilt : O. H. Ger. hefti capulum, manubrium : Ger. heft haft, handle.]
hæftan; p. hæfte; pp. hæfted, hæft To seize, bind, arrest, make captive, imprison :-- Gif hé nite hwá hine áborgie hæfton hine if he knows not who will be his surety let them arrest him, L. Ath. i. 20; Th. i. 210, 8. Seó stów ðe ðú nú on hæft eart the place in which you are now imprisoned, Bt. 11, 1; Fox 32, 27. Hæft mid hringa gesponne bound with the clasp of rings, Cd. 25; Th. 47, 17; Gen. 762. Hringan hæfted confined with rings, Exon. 102 b; Th. 387, 8; Rä. 5, 2. Tó bodanne hæftedum prædicare captivis, Lk. Skt. Rush. 4, 18. [Goth. haftjan : O. Sax. heftian to bind, fetter : O. H. Ger. heftan : Ger. heften.] DER. be-, ge-hæftan. v. hæft.
hæfte-clomm, es; m. Fetter, bond :-- On hǽðenra hæfteclommum in the fetters of heathen men, Chr. 942; Erl. 116, 16.
hæfte-dóm, es; m. Captivity, service, Bt. Met. Fox 25, 129; Met. 25, 65.
hæften, e; f. Captivity, custody :-- Ða betste of ðes eorles híréde innan ánan fæstene gewann and on hæftene gedyde he took the best of the earl's household within a fortress and placed them in custody, Chr. 1095; Erl. 231, 29.
hæft-encel, -incel, es; m. A slave; emptitius, Cot. 74, Lye.
hæfte-neód, e; f. Custody, prison [?] :-- Úre bán syndon tóworpene be helwarena hæfteneódum dissipata sunt ossa nostra secus infernum, Ps. Th. 140, 9. [Grein gives as the meaning of the word studium captandi vel tribulandi; but is not infernum here paraphrased as the 'prison of the dwellers in hell?']
hæfting, e; f. A fastening :-- Belúcaþ ða ǽrenan gatu and ða hæftinga gehealdaþ ðæt wé ne beón gehæfte close the brazen gates and keep the fastening that we be not captured, Nicod. 27; Thw. 15, 16. [Cf. Ger. heftung.]
hæftling, es; m. A captive :-- Hæftling captivus, Ælfc. Gr. 28; Som. 32, 41. Ðá áxode se ealdorman ðone hæftling hwæðer hé þurh drýcræft his bendas tóbrǽce then the alderman asked the captive whether he broke his bonds by witchcraft, Homl. Th. ii. 358, 10. Nabochodonosor hergode on Iudéiscre leóde and hí hæftlingas tó Babilone gelǽdde Nebuchadnezzar warred on the Jewish people and led them captives to Babylon, 58, 6 : i. 108, 21 : Gen. 31, 26.
hæft-méce, es; m. A hilted sword, Beo. Th 2918; B. 1457.
hæft-néd, -niéd, -nýd, e; f. Captivity, thraldom, custody :-- Israhéla folc on hæftnéde Babiloniscum cyninge þeówde the people of Israel served the king of Babylon in captivity, Homl. Th. ii. 84, 27. Lýsan of hæftnéde to release from captivity, Elen. Kmbl. 593; El. 297. On hæftnéde habban to hold in captivity. Blickl. Homl. 85, 23. On hæftnýde gelǽdan to lead into captivity, Ps. Th. 14, argument : L. Ecg. C. 26; Th. ii. 152, 4. All Angelcyn ðæt búton Deniscra monna hæftniéde wæs all the English that were not held in subjection by the Danish men, Chr. 886; Erl. 84, 28. On hæftnéd lǽdan, Blickl. Homl. 79, 22. Gehweorf úre hæftnéd converte captivitatem nostram, Ps. Th. 125, 4. Se Drihten ðe ús fram deófles hæftnédum álýsde the Lord who redeemed us from the devil's thraldom, Homl. Th. i. 546, 34. Twegen geréfan on ðæra hæftnédum wæs se apostol gehæfd two counts in whose custody the apostle was held, ii. 294, 21.
hæftnian; p. ede; pp. ed To seize, capture :-- Hí hæftniaþ captabunt, Ps. Lamb. 93, 21. Hæftned lǽdde ða on hæftnéde lange lifdon capitivam duxit captivitatem, Ps. Th. 67, 18.
hæft-noþ, -neþ, es; m. Custody, keeping, imprisonment :-- On hæftnoþe biþ gehæfd he will be imprisoned, Lchdm. iii. 200, 34. On hæftneþe gebringan to imprison, Chr. 1095; Erl. 232, 21. Ðǽr hé on hæftneþe wæs where he was imprisoned, 1101; Erl. 237. 40.
hæftnung, e; f. Captivity, fastening, confinement :-- Hé hine gewráþ gelomlíce ac hine sic mihte nánes cynnés hæftnung gehealdan he often bound him, but no kind of fastening could hold him, Homl. Th. ii. 358, 20. On hæftnunge in captivity, 86, 3 : Ps. Spl. 13, 11. Ǽr hé forðférde hé beád ðæt man sceolde unlésan ealle ða menn ðe on hæftnunge wǽron ere he departed he ordered that all those men who were in confinement should be released, Chr. 1086; Erl. 223, 39. Dón on hæftnunge to put into confinement, imprison, 1087; Erl. 225, 36.
hægel, hægl, es; m. I. hail :-- Fýr, forst, hægel and gefeallen snáw ignis, glacies, grando, nix, Ps. Th. 148, 8. Hægl, Exon. 56 b; Th. 201, 22; Ph. 60. Cymeþ hægles scúr a shower of hail cometh, Cd. 38; Th. 50, 13; Gen. 808. Hæglas and snáwas hails and snows, Bt. 39, 13; Fox 234, 16. Heora wíngeardas wráðe hægle néde fornámon occidit in grandine vineas eorum, Ps. Th. 79, 47. Sealde heora neát hæglum tradidit grandini jumenta eorum, 77, 48. II. the Anglo-Saxon rune RUNE = h, the name of which letter is hægl :-- RUNE byþ hwítust corna hail is whitest of grains, Hick. Thes. 135; Runic pm. 9; Kmbl. 341, 4. Hægelas twegen two H's, Exon. 112 a; Th. 429, 27; Rä. 43, 11. v. hagal.
hæghál; adj. Safe, uninjured; incolumis :-- Eftgiondwearda úsig ármorgenlícum tídum hæghále representa nos matutinis horis incolomes, Rtl. 124, 15 : 98, 39 : 174, 37.
hægl-faru, e; f. A hailstorm, Exon. 78 a; Th. 292, 26; Wand. 105.
hægl-scúr, es; m. A shower of hail, hailstorm, Andr. Kmbl. 2515; An. 1259. v. hagal-scúr.
hæg-steald, hæge-, heh-, es; m : e; f [?] One living in the lord's house, not having his own household, an unmarried person, a young person, bachelor, virgin; mansionarius, cælebs, juvenis, virgo :-- Hwæðer hé sig hægsteald ðe hǽmedceorl utrum cælebs sit an uxoratus, L. Ecg. C. 1; Th. ii. 132, 28. Hegsteald cælebs, 14; Th. ii. 142, 13. Hægsteald módige wígend unforhte youths courageous, warriors fearless, Cd. 160; Th. 198, 24; Exod. 327. His hægstealdas his young warriors, Fins. Th. 81; Fin. 40. Hægestealdas and fǽmnan juvenes et virgines, Ps. Th. 148, 12. Swilce geongum hægstealde ut ephebo hircitallo, Mone B. 3434. Hehstald virgo, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 1, 23 : Lk. Skt. Lind. 1, 27. Hehstaldo virgines, Rtl. 47, 36. Hehstaldun virginibus, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 25, 1. Of heghstalde de virgine, Rtl. 126, 3. v. hago-steald.
hæg-steald; adj. Unmarried, young :-- Hægstealdra, Cd. 89; Th. 111, 28; Gen. 1862 : Beo. Th. 3782; B. 1889. See the preceding word.
hægsteald-hád, es; m. The unmarried state, bachelorhood, virginity :-- Hehstaldhád virginitas, Rtl, 105, 19 : Lk. Skt. Lind. 2, 36. Hægstealdhád cælibatus, Mone B. 1419.
hægsteald-líc; adj. Virgin; virginalis, Rtl. 66, 1.
hægsteald-man = hægsteald, q. v., Cd. 151; Th. 190, 1; Exod. 192 : Exon. 113 b; Th. 436, 18; Rä. 55, 3.
hægstealdnis, e; f. Virginity :-- Hehstaltnisse virginitatis, Jn. Skt. p. 1, 3,
hægtesse, an; f. A witch, hag, fury :-- Helle-rúne vel hægtesse pythonissa, Ælfc. Gl. 112; Som. 79, 102; Wrt. Voc. 60, 11. Hægtesse Tissiphona, 113; Som. 79, 115; Wrt. Voc. 60, 22. Gif hér inne sý ísenes dǽl hægtessan geweorc hit sceal gemyltan ... gif hit wǽre ylfa gescot oððe hit wǽre hægtessan gescot nú ic wille ðín helpan if herein there be a bit of iron, a witch's work, it shall melt ... if it were an elf's shot or it were a witch's shot, now will I help thee, Lchdm. iii. 54, 1-12. v. Grmm. D. M. 992.
hæg-þorn, es; m. Hawthorn :-- Hægþorn alba spina, Ælfc. Gl. 48; Som. 65, 50; Wrt. Voc. 33, 46. Genim hægþornes leáf take leaves of hawthorn, Herb. 37, 6; Lchdm. i. 138, 17. Of ðam mappuldre tó ðam hægþorne from the maple to the hawthorn, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 424, 3. [Icel. hagþorn : M. H. Ger. hagedorn.]
hæg-weard, hæcg-, es; m. A hayward, the keeper of cattle in a common field, who prevented trespass on the cultivated ground, L. R. S. 20; Th. i. 440, 11, 12. [A. R. heiward : Prompt. Parv. heyward agellarius. The following note is given on this word, p. 234 :-- 'Bp. Kennett observes that there were two kinds of agellarii, the common herdward of a town or village, called bubulcus, who overlooked the common herd, and kept it within bounds; and the heyward of the lord of the manor, or religious house, who was regularly sworn at the court, took care of the tillage, paid the labourers, and looked after trespasses and encroachments : he was termed fields-man or tithing-man, and his wages in 1425 were a noble. "Inclusarius a heyewarde." "Inclusorius a pynner of beestes." "Haiward, haward qui garde au commun tout le bestiail d'un bourgade."']
hǽl, es; n. Omen, auspice :-- Hǽl sceáwedon they observed the favourable omen (for Beowulf's undertaking), Beo. Th. 414; B. 204. [Icel. heill; n. omen, auspice : O. H. Ger. heil omen, auspicium.]
hǽl, e; f. Health, safety, salvation, happiness; salus :-- Seó hǽl cymeþ symle fram Gode salus a domino, Ps. Th. 36, 38. Tó-dæg ðisse híwrǽdene ys hǽl geworden this day is salvation come to this house, Lk. Bos. 19, 9 : Homl. Th. i. 582, 5. Cristes þénung is úre hǽl and folca álýsednys Christ's service is our salvation and the redemption of peoples, ii. 586, 32. Him cymþ gód hǽl good health will come to them, Lchdm. i. 342, 9. Sý him hǽl Osanna, Mt. Kmbl. 21, 9. Hrædlíce heora hǽle brúcaþ speedily they enjoy their health, Homl. Th. i. 510, 8. Brúc ðisses beáges mid hǽle use this collar with good fortune, Beo. Th. 2438; B. 1217. Héht hé Elenan hǽl ábeódan he bade them greet Elene, Elen. Kmbl. 2004; El 1003 : Beo. Th. 1311; B. 653. Ðíne hǽle syle salutare tuum da, Ps. Th. 84, 6. [Laym. heal : O. Sax. héli; f : Icel. heill; f. good, luck, happiness : O. H. Ger. heili; f. salus.] Cf. hǽl; n. and hǽlu.
hǽl; adj. Hale, safe, whole, sound :-- Hǽle and trume safe and sound, Blickl. Homl. 171, 30. v. hál.
hǽlan; p. de; pp. ed To heal, make whole, cure, make safe, save; sanare, salvare :-- Ys hyt álýfed tó hǽlenne on restedagum si licet sabbatis curare, Mt. Bos. 12, 10. Earm heora ne hǽlþ hig brachium eorum non salvavit eos, Ps. Spl. 43, 4. Sweord mín ne hǽlþ mé gladius meus non salvabit me, 43, 8. Hǽl ús on heánessum Hosanna in the highest, Blickl. Homl. 72, 12 : Jn. Skt. Rush. 12, 13. Hǽlaþ untrume heal the sick, Mt. Bos. 10, 8. Ic offrige míne lác Hǽlendum Criste I will present my offerings to Jesus Christ, Homl. Th. i. 416, 17. Hí hrædlíce hǽlde wǽron sanavit eos, Ps. Th. 106, 19. [Goth. hailjan : O. Sax. hélean : O. Frs. héla : O. H. Ger. heilan sanare, curare, salvare : Ger. heilen.]
hæle, es; m. A man, brave man, hero [a word occurring only in poetry] :-- Fród hæle the aged man, Cd. 62; Th. 74,14; Gen. 1222. Boitius se hæle hátte that man was called Boethius, Bt. Met. Fox 1, 105; Met. 1, 53 : Cd. 74; Th. 90, 28; Gen. 1502 : 112; Th. 147, 27; Gen. 2446 : 121; Th. 156, 16; Gen. 2589 : Andr. Kmbl. 287; An. 144. [Icel. (in poetry only), halir a man.]
hǽle, an; f. Health, safety :-- On gode standeþ mín gearu hǽle in Deo salutare meum, Ps. Th. 61, 7.
hǽlend, hélend, es; m. A healer, Saviour, Jesus :-- Se Hǽlend ðe is genemned Crist Iesus qui vocatur Christus, Mt. Bos. 1, 16. Ðú nemst hys naman Hǽlend. Hé sóþlíce hys folc hál gedéþ fram hyra synnum vocabis nomen ejus Iesum; ipse enim salvum faciet populum suum a peccatis eorum, 1, 16. Iesus is on Léden Saluator and on Englisc Hǽlend Jesus is in Latin Salvator and in English healer, Homl. Th. ii. 214, 22 : i. 94, 27 : Shrn. 47, 28. Hǽlend Crist Jesus Christ, Homl. Th. i. 420, 32. Ðú eart sóþ hélend thou art the true Saviour, Hy. Grn. 8, 16. [Laym. hælend (and MS. helare) : Orm. hælennde : O. Sax. héliand : O. H. Ger. heilant : Ger. heiland.]
hǽlendlíc; adj. Healthy, salutary; salvans, prosperus, Hpt. Gl. 442, 511. [O. H. Ger. heilantlih salubris.]
hæleþ, heleþ, es; m. A man, warrior, hero [a word occurring only in poetry, but there frequently] :-- Gleáwferhþ hæleþ the man wise of mind, Cd. 57; Th. 70, 12; Gen. 1152 : 59; Th. 72, 6; Gen. 1182, 94; Th. 122, 13; Gen. 2026 : Beo. Th. 383; B. 190 : 668; B. 331. Hæleþas heardmóde warriors stern-minded, Cd. 15; Th. 19, 2; Gen. 285. Hæleþ hátene wǽron Sem and Cham Iafeþ þridde the heroes were named Shem and Ham, the third Japhet, Cd. 75; Th. 93, 22; Gen. 1550. Hæleþa scyppend creator of men, Exon. 11 b; Th. 17, 7; Cri. 266 : Cd. 98; Th. 129, 6; Gen. 2139 : Andr. Kmbl. 41; An. 21. Hæleþa bearn the children of men, Cd. 35; Th. 46, 30; Gen. 752. Heleþa sceppend creator of men, Hy. Grn. 8, 34. [Laym. hæleþ, heleþ : O. Sax. helið : O. H. Ger. helid (appears first in 12th cent. v. Graft. iv. 544) : Ger. held.]
hæleþ-helm, es; m. A helm which makes the wearer invisible, Cd. 23; Th. 29, 2; Gen. 444. [O. Sax. helið-helm : O. H. Ger. helot-, helanthelm latibulum.] v. Grm. D. M. 432, and cf. heoloþ-helm.
hǽletoþ, es; m. Greeting, Hosanna, Hpt. Gl. 467.
hǽlettung, e; f. A greeting, salutation :-- Hǽlettungæ on gemóte salutationes in foro, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 23, 7.
hælftre, e; f. A halter :-- Hælftre capistrum, Wrt. Voc. 84, 8. On hælftre in camo, Ps. Spl. C. 31, 12. Hælftra chamos, Coll. Monast. Th. 28, 1. [O. H. Ger. halftra brachiale, capistrum : Ger. halfter.]
hǽlig; adj. Slippery, easily moved, fickle, inconstant; levis :-- Ðam ungestæþþegan and ðam hǽlgan ðú miht secggan ðæt hé biþ winde gelícra oððe unstillum fugelum levis, atque inconstans studio permutat? nihil ab avibus differt, Bt. 37, 4; Fox 192, 23. [Cf. Icel. háll slippery : O. H. Ger. háli lubricus, caducus.]
hǽling, e; f. Healing :-- Ic nán yfel on hym næbbe gemét be hǽlinge I have found no evil in him with regard to healing, Nicod. 10; Thw. 5, 21. [Prompt. Parv. heelinge : O. H. Ger. heilunga sanatio : Ger. heilung.]
hǽlnes, se; f. I. haleness, salvation :-- Nú sint hǽlnesse dagas now are the days of salvation, Past. 36, 1; Swt. 246, 14. II. a sanctuary :-- On circan and on hǽlnessan in churches and sanctuaries, L Eth. 7, 25; Th. i. 334, 26. v. hálignes.
hǽlnes-griþ, es; n. Privilege of security belonging to a sanctuary, L. Eth. 7, 19; Th. i. 332, 25.
hǽlsend, es; m. An augur, Cot. 73, Lye.
hǽlsere, es; m. A soothsayer, diviner; aruspex, augur, extispex, Cot. 190 : exorcista, Lye. v. hálsere.
hǽlsian to foretell; augurari, ariolari, auspicari, Cot. 14, 17, Lye. v. hálsian.
hǽlsung, e; f. Divination, augury; augurium, Cot. 11, Lye.
hǽlþ, e; f. Health, healing, cure :-- Ðám áríst rihtwísnysse sunne and hǽlþ is on hyre fiðerum to them shall arise the sun of righteousness, and healing is on its wings, Lchdm. iii. 236, 31. Ðes þegen bæd for his þeówan hǽlþe this officer prayed for the health of his servant, Homl. Th. i. 128, 1. For hǽlþe heora untrumra for the healing of their sick, ii. 396, 21. Úre líchamana hǽlþe wé áwendaþ we pervert the health of our bodies, 540, 9. Ealle ða wundra and hǽlþa áwrítan to write down all the miracles and cures, 28, 10. [O. H. Ger. heilida sanitas, salus.]
hǽlu, hǽlo; indecl. f. Health, safety, salvation :-- Æt him is hǽlu mín ab ipso salutare meum, Ps. Th. 61, 1. Sý hǽlu úrum Gode ðe sitt ofer his þrymsetle salvation be to our God that sitteth on his throne, Homl. Th. i. 538, 18. Hǽlo, Exon. 13 b; Th. 26, 1; Cri. 411. Hǽlu bútan sáre health without pain, 32 a; Th. 101, 8; Cri. 1655. Tó hǽlo hýðe to a haven of safety, 20 b; Th. 53, 33; Cri. 860. For heora sáwla hǽlu for the salvation of their souls, Homl. Th. ii. 344, 1. Hǽlo, L. M. Th. i. 102, 7. Uton hǽlu sécan let us seek salvation, Exon. 97 b; Th. 365, 11; Wal. 87. Drihten ús sealde hǽlu and éce álýsednysse the Lord gave us salvation and eternal redemption, Homl. Th. ii. 248, 25. Heó forstæl hire hǽlu she stole her health, 394, 12. Gif gie hǽlo beádas si salutaveritis, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 5, 47. v. hǽl.
hǽlu-bearn, hǽlo-, es; n. A child who brings salvation, the Saviour, Exon. 16 a; Th. 37, 1; Cri. 586 : 19 a; Th. 47, 12; Cri. 754.
hǽman; p. de; pp. ed To lie with, have intercourse with, to marry; concumbere, coire, nubere :-- Wit wǽron swíðe unróte geworden for ðý hǽmede ðe wé wéndon ðæt wit hǽman sceoldon we became very sad on account of the intercourse that we expected we should be obliged to have, Shrn. 39, 21. Mid ðám hæleþum hǽman wolden, Cd. 112; Th. 148, 18; Gen. 2458. Gif hwylc man wið óðres riht-ǽwe hǽmþ if any man lie with the lawful wife of another, L. Ecg. P. ii. 8; Th. ii. 184, 21. Hé hǽmþ unrihtlíce he commits adultery, Homl. Th. ii. 208, 16. Ðám mannum ðe deófol mid hǽmþ for those women with whom the devil hath carnal commerce, L. M. 3, 61; Lchdm. ii. 344, 8. Ne hǽmeþ ne hǽmde bióþ neque nubent neque nubentur, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 22, 30 : 19, 10. Gif hwilc carlman hǽmde wið wimman hire unþances if any man lay with a woman against her will, Chr. 1086; Erl. 222, 7 : Num. 25, 1. Ne hǽm ðú unrihtlíce commit not adultery, Homl. Th. ii. 198, 7. Gif ǽnig man hǽme mid óðres wífe if a man be found lying with a woman married to an husband, Deut. 22, 22 : L. Alf. pol. 10; Th. i. 98, 9.
hǽmed, es; n. A lying with, sexual intercourse, marriage; coitus :-- Ða ðe rihtlíce healdaþ hyra ǽwe and for bearnes gestreóne hǽmed begáþ those who rightly observe their marriage and for procreation of children have carnal intercourse, Homl. Th, i. 148, 22. Mægþhád biþ forloren on hǽmede maidenhead is lost in intercourse, ii. 10, 5 : 220, 4. Be hǽmede de coitu, L. Ecg. C; Th. ii. 128, 26. On unrihton hǽmede in adulterio, Jn. Skt. 8, 4 : Shrn. 132, 6. Ic wið brýde ne mót hǽmed habban with a bride I may not have intercourse, Exon. 105 b; Th. 402, 11; Rä. 21, 28. Hǽmed connubium, Mone Gl. 340. Hǽmeda connubii convenientia, 417. Hǽmeda himeneas, Ælfc. Gl. 9; Som. 56, 119; Wrt. Voc. 19, 2. Hǽmdo nubtiæ, Jn. Skt. Lind. Rush. 2, 1.
hǽmed-ceorl, es; m. A married man :-- Hwæðer hé sig hægsteald ðe hǽmedceorl utrum cælebs sit an uxoratus, L. Ecg. C. 1; Th. ii. 132, 28.
hǽmed-gemána, an; m. Matrimony, marriage; matrimonium, Cot. 129, Lye.
hǽmed-gifta, pl. f. Nuptials; hymenæi, Cot. 102, Lye.
hǽmed-lác, es; n. Sexual intercourse; coitus, Exon. 112 a; Th. 429, 11; Rä. 43, 3.
hǽmed-scipe, es; m. Marriage, matrimony; connubium, Hpt. Gl. 482 : lenocinium, seductio, 521.
hǽmed-þing, es; n. Carnal intercourse, venery, matrimony :-- Sió lufu ðæs hǽmedþinges biþ for gecynde the desire of intercourse is from nature, Bt. 34, 11; Fox 152, 14 : Blickl. Homl. 59, 16. Be hǽðenra manna hǽmedþincge de gentilium hominum matrimonio, L. Ecg. C; Th. ii. 128, 27. Gif hí him betwynan hǽmedþing fremmen si inter se fornicationem commiserint, 16; Th. ii. 144, 9. Be hǽmedþingnm : eallum þyrrum líchomum hǽmedþing ne dugon of venery : venery does not do for all dry constitutions, L. M. 2, 27; Lchdm. ii. 222, 28 : 36; Lchdm. ii. 244, 4.
hǽmed-wíf, es; n. A married woman; uxor, matrona, Cot. 136, Lye.
hǽmere, es; m. One who lies with another; concubinus, Lye.
hæn, hen, henn, e; f. A hen :-- Hæn gallina, Recd. 36, 56; Wrt. Voc. 63, 10. Seó henn gallina, Mt. Kmbl. 23, 37 : Lind. Rush. henne. Hænne æges geolocan the yolk of a hen's egg, L. M. 1, 2, 23; Lchdm ii. 38, 6 : 3, 2; Lchdm. ii. 40, 10 [Icel. hæna : O. H. Ger. henna : Ger. henne.]
hǽnan; p. de; pp. ed To stone :-- For hwylcum ðæra weorca wylle gé mé hǽnan . . . ne hǽne wé ðé for gódum weorce propter quod eorum opus me lapidatis . .. de bono opere non lapidamus te, Jn. Skt. 10, 32, 33 : 11, 8. Ðú ðe ða wítegan hǽnst quæ prophetas lapidas, Lk. Skt. 13, 34. Eall folc ús hǽnþ plebs universa lapidabit nos, 20, 6. Hǽne hine man mid stánum let him be stoned with stones, Lev. 20, 2. v. hán.
hænep, henep, es; m. Hemp :-- Henep, hænep, Herb. 27, 1; Lchdm. i. 124, 1, 3 : Lchdm. iii. 22, 31. [Icel. hampr : O. H. Ger. hanaf : Ger. hanf : Lat. cannabis : Grk. κάνναβιs. 'Grimm and Kuhn both consider the Greek word borrowed from the East, and the Teutonic one from the Latin cannabis, which certainly made its way to them.' Curtius, i. 173.]
hæn-fugul, hen-, es; m. A hen :-- Henfugel gallina, L. Ecg. C. 40; Th. ii. 164, 21. Gewurp tó sumum hen [hæn, MS. B.] fugule throw it to a hen, Herb. 4, 10; Lchdm. i. 92, 16. iiii hænfugulas four hens, Th. Chart. 509, 18. Ðǽr æfter swulten ða henne fugeles after that the hens died, Chr. 1130; Erl. 259, 25.
hænne-belle, an; f. Henbane; hyoscyamus, Lchdm. iii. 60, 7. Hennebelle, Herb. 5, 1; Lchdm. i. 94, 3, 6. Henne-belle simphoniaca, Ælfc. Gl. 40; Som. 63, 96; Wrt. Voc. 30, 42.
hænnewol; n. m. Henbane, Lchdm. iii. Gloss.
hæplíc; adj. Equal; compar, Cot. 35, Lye. v. ge-hæp.
hæpse, an; f. A hasp, clasp, fastening :-- Hæpse sera, Wrt. Voc. 81, 20 : clustella, Hpt. Gl. 500. Sum slóh ða hæpsan one struck the hasps [of the door], Th. An. 124, 14. [Prompt. Parv. hespe of a done pessulum : Icel. hespa a hasp, fastening : Ger. haspe.]
hæpsian; p. ode; pp. od To hasp, fasten with a bolt :-- Ic scitte sum loc oððe hæpsige sero, Ælfc. Gr. 37; Som. 39, 21.
hǽr, hér, es; n. Hair, a hair :-- Hǽr capillus, Wrt. Gl. 70, 30 : pilus, Recd. 38, 21; Wrt. Voc. 64, 30. Hǽr pili, Ælfc. Gl. 70; Som. 70, 54; Wrt. Voc. 42, 62. Loccas vel unscoren hǽr comæ, 70, 56; Wrt. Voc. 42, 64. Gif hǽr tó þicce síe if the hair be too thick, L. M. i. 87, 3; Lchdm. ii. 156, 8. Ne sceal eów beón forloren án hǽr of eówrum heáfde there shall not a hair of your head be lost, Homl. Th. i. 236, 22. Ðú ne miht wyrcan án hǽr ðínes feaxes hwít oððe blacc thou canst not make one hair of thy locks white or black, 482, 19. His reáf wæs geworht of oluendes hǽre his raiment was wrought of camel's hair, ii. 38, 9. Ðæt íren ne cume on hǽre ne on nægle that iron come not on hair, nor on nail, L. Pen. 10; Th. ii. 280, 20. Ne losaþ ðæt heáfod ðonne ða hǽr beóþ ealle geedstaðelodd the head perishes not when the hairs are all restored, Homl. Th. ii. 542, 35. Wið wiðerweard hǽr onweg tó ádónne for contrarious hairs, to remove them, Lchdm. i. 362, 8. Héras heáfdes capilli capitis, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 10, 30. Hiora is mycle má ðonne ic mé hæbbe on heáfde nú hǽra feaxes multiplicati sunt super capillos capitis mei, Ps. Th. 68, 4. Mid hérum oððe fæx hire capillis suis, Jn. Skt. Lind. 11, 2. Se eádiga wæs blíðe on andwlitan mid hwítum hǽrum the blessed man was cheerful in aspect, with white hair, Homl. Th. ii. 186, 20. Mid olfendes hǽrum gescrýd clothed with camel's hair, i. 330, 2 : Mt. Kmbl. 3, 4. Ic beleás hérum ðám ðe ic hæfde I lost the hairs that I had, Exon. 107 a; Th. 407, 36; Rä. 27, 5. [O. Sax. hár : O. Frs. hér : Icel. her : O. H. Ger. hár : Ger. haar.] For notices as to the importance attached to the hair in early times, see Grimm R. A. pp. 146, 240, 283, 339, 702; and see feax and its compounds. DER. hrycg-, tægl-hǽr.
hǽre, an; f. Hair-cloth, sack-cloth; cilicium, saccus :-- Gefyrn hí dydun dǽdbóte on hǽran and on axan olim in cilicio et cinere pænitentiam egissent, Mt. Kmbl. 11, 21. Mid hǽran gescrýdd clad in sackcloth, Homl. Th. ii. 312, 27 : Ps. Spl. 34, 15. Se cyning dyde hǽran tó his líce the king put sackcloth next to his skin, Homl. Th. i. 568, 13. Ðú slite hǽran míne conscidisti saccum meum, Ps. Spl, 29, 13. [Laym. ane ladliche here : A. R. here, heare, 'Iudit werede heare :' Prompt. Parv. hayre cilicium. Cilicium, velamen factum de pilis caprarum a heere. An haire cilicium : Icel. hæra; f : O. H. Ger. hárra, hara; f. cilicium, saccus.]
hærean-fagol [?] a hedge-hog :-- Stán gener hæreanfagol petra refugium herinaciis, Ps. Spl, 103, 19. v. hatte-fagol.
hǽren; adj. Made of hair; cilicius :-- Hé hine ðá gegyrede mid hǽrenum hrægle swíðe heardum and unwinsumum he clothed himself then with a garment of hair very hard and unpleasant, Blickl. Homl. 221, 24. Wring þurh hǽrenne cláþ wring through a hair cloth, Lchdm. i. 382, 21. Reáf hǽren vestimentum cilicium, Ps. Lamb. 68, l2. [Wick. heeren : M. H. Ger. hǽrin : Ger. hären.]
hærfest, es; m. Harvest, autumn :-- Hærfest autumnus, Ælfc. Gl. 95; Som. 76, 9; Wrt. Voc. 53, 23. Autumnus is hærfeste, Lchdm. iii. 250, 11. Se hærfest welig on wæstmum the autumn rich in fruits, Bt. 14, 1; Fox 40, 27 : 21; Fox 74, 22; Bt. Met. Fox 29, 123; Met. 29, 62. Hærfest æstatem, Ps. Spl. 73, 18. Ðæt gewrixle ðara feówer týda ðæt is lencten and sumer and herfest and winter the change of the four seasons, that is spring and summer and autumn and winter, Shrn 168, 12. Ðæs ilcan hærfestes in the course of the same autumn, Chr. 921; Ed. 107, 13. Foran tó hærfestes emnihte ante æquinoctium autumnale, L. Ecg. P. 11; Th. ii. 208, 2 : Th. Chart. 151, 11. On hærfæste in autumno, Coll. Monast. Th. 26, 5. Ðis wæs on hærfest this was in autumn, Chr. 918; Erl. 104, 16. [Prompt. Parv. herueste autumpnus : Icel. haust; n. autumn : O. H. Ger. herbist; m. autumnus : Ger. herbst autumn.]
hærfest-handful a due belonging to the husbandmen on an estate :-- Eallum ǽhte-mannum gebyreþ hærfesthandful omnibus ehtemannis jure competit manipulus Augusti, L. R. S. 9; Th. i. 438, 1.
hærfestlíc; adj. Autumnal :-- Hærfestlíc dæg autumnalis dies, Ælfc. Gl. 95; Som. 76, 19; Wrt. Voc. 53, 29. On ðæs hærfestlícan emnihtes ryne in the course of the autumnal equinox, Lchdm. iii. 238, 28 : 252, 1.
hærfest-mónaþ, es; m. September, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 18; Som. 9, 54. [Cf. Robt. of Glouc. Þe nexte moneþ afturward, þat heruest moneþ ys, He let clepe aftur hym August ywys. Icel. haust-mánuðr : O. H. Ger. herbist-manoþ : Ger. herbst-monat September.]
hærfest-wǽta, an; m. Autumnal wet; humor æstatis, Ors. 3, 3; Swt. 102, 7.
hǽriht; adj. Hairy; crinitus, setosus, Cot. 186, Lye.
hæring, es; m. A herring :-- Hwæt féhst ðú on sǽ? Hærincgas quid capis in mari? Aleces, Coll. Monast. Th. 24, 9. Ðes hæring hoc allec, Ælfc. Gr. 9; Som. 14, 22. Hæring allec vel jairus vel taricius vel sardina, Ælfc. Gl. 102; Som. 77, 80; Wrt. Voc. 56, 3. Hærinc taricus vel allec, Wrt. Voc. 77, 62. xxx þúsenda hæryngys ǽlce eáre 30 thousand herrings every year, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iv. 172, 3. [O. Frs. hereng : O. H. Ger. harinc : Ger. häring.]
hæring-tíma, an; m. Herring-season :-- Twegen hæringc-tíman two herring-seasons, Th. Chart. 338, 34.
hǽr-loccas; m. pl. Locks of hair, curls; cincinni, crines, Hpt. Gl. 526.
hærn, e; f. The tide, waves, sea :-- Hærn æstus, flustrum, Cot. 81, Lye. Hærn eft onwand back went the waves, Andr. Kmbl. 1062; An. 531. [Icel. hrönn a wave.]
hærn or hærne [?], es; m. n? The brain :-- It gæde tó ðe hærnes it went to the brains, Chr. 1137; Erl. 262, 6. [Prompt. Parv. henrys or brayne cerebrum; herne panne of þe hed craneum : Icel. hjarni; m : O. H. Ger. hirni; n. cerebrum : Ger. hirn; n.]
hǽr-nǽdl, e; f. A hair-pin; calamistrum, Lye.
hærn-flota, an; m. A wave-floater, ship, Exon. 52 a; Th. 182, 9; Gú. 1307.
hær-sceard, es; n. Hare-lip :-- Wið hærscearde for hare-lip, L. M. 1, 13; Lchdm. ii. 56, 5. [Cf. Frs. haskerde hare-lipped : Icel. skarði hare-lip (a nickname) : Ger. hasenscharte hare-lip.]
hǽs, e; f. A command, hest, behest :-- Hǽs jussio, Ælfc. Gr. 9; Som. 8, 40. Gehír God mín gebed exaudi Deus orationem meam. On ðysum is gebed and ná hǽs hear my prayer, O God. In this there is a prayer, not a command, Ælfc. Gr. 33; Som. 37, 52 : Cd. 6; Th. 8, 14; Gen. 124. Be his hláfordes hǽse by his lord's command, Gen. 24, 10 : Ex. 18; 23 : Cd. 46; Th. 59, 18; Gen. 965 : 69; Th. 82, 31; Gen. 1370 : 85; Th. 106, 35; Gen. 1781. Búton ǽnigre hǽse abs quolibet jussu, Ælfc. Gr. 47; Som. 47, 54. Under abbodes hǽsum under the commands of an abbot, Homl. Th. ii. 118, 29. [Orm. hæs : Laym. A. R. hest : cf. Goth. haiti.] DER. be-hǽs.
hæsel, es; m. The hazel :-- Hæsel corilus, Ælfc. Gl. 45; Som. 64. 95; Wrt. Voc. 32, 30. Hæsles ragu the lichen of hazel, L. M. i. 38, 8; Lchdm. ii. 96, 2 : L. M. 2, 52; Lchdm. ii. 270, 22. Hwít hæsel wich hazel; ulmus montana : saginus, Ælfc. Gl. 45; Som. 64, 96; Wrt. Voc. 32, 31. [Prompt. Parv. hesyl corulus, colurnus : Icel. hasl; m : O. H. Ger. hasal; m : hasala; f. corylus, amygdalus : Ger. hasel; f.] For special virtue of the hazel see Grmm. D. M. 927, and cf. hæslen. Cf. also the Icel. hasla völl to challenge to a duel on a field marked out by hazel poles.
hæsel-hnutu, e; f. A hazel-nut :-- Hæsl vel hæsel-hnutu abellanæ, Ælfc. Gl. 47; Som. 65, 43; Wrt. Voc. 33, 40. [O. H. Ger. hasal-nuz : Ger. hasel-nuss.]
hæsel-wrid, es; n. m [?] A hazel-thicket :-- Tó ðam miclan hæsl-wride to the great hazel-thicket, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. ii. 250, 34. v. ge-wrid.
hæsel-wyrt, e; f. Asarabacca, asarum Europæum, Lchdm. iii. 329, col. 2.
hǽsere, es; m. A commander, one who orders, commands, a master, lord :-- Hǽsere præceptor, Lk. Skt. Lind. 8, 24, 45 : 9. 49 : 17, 13 : 21, 7. Hǽsere imperator, Rtl. 192, 39.
hæslen; adj. Of hazel :-- Genim æt fruman hæslenne sticcan oððe ellenne wrít ðínne naman on ásleah þrý scearpan on gefylle mid ðý blóde ðone naman weorp ofer eaxle on yrnende wæter and stand ofer ðone man ða scearpan ásleá ðæt eall swíginde gedó take, to begin with, a hazel or an elder stick, cut thy name thereon, cut three scores on the place, fill the name with the blood, throw it over thy shoulder into running water and stand over the man. Strike the scores, and do all that in silence, L. M. 1, 39; Lchdm, ii. 104, 6-11. Lǽt ðæt blód on grénne sticcan hæslenne weorp ðne ofer weg áweg ðonne ne biþ nán yfel let the blood run into a green spoon of hazel-wood, then throw it away over the road; then no harm will come of the bite, 68; Lchdm. ii. 142, 19-21.
hǽst, hést, e; f. Violence, fury :-- Ic þurh hést hríno láðgewinnum I violently touch my foes, Exon. 104 b; Th. 397, 31; Rä. 16, 28. Fære ne móston wætres brógan hǽste hrínan the terrors of the water might not with violence touch the vessel, Cd. 69; Th. 84, 11; Gen. 1396. [Hǽste may also be taken either as adj. agreeing with brógan (v. next word), or as an adverb.] Grein compares with Goth. haifsts.
hǽst, hǽste[?]; adj. Violent, vehement, impetuous :-- Ðú Grendel cwealdest þurh hæstne hád heardum clammum thou didst kill Grendel violently with hard grasps, Beo. Th. 2674; B. 1335 Nǽfre ðú ðæs swíðlíc sár gegearwast þurh hǽstne níþ ðæt ðú mec onwende worda ðissa never shalt thou, through vehement hate, pain so violent prepare as to turn me from these words, Exon. 66 b; Th. 246, 3; Jul. 56. Ðæt sceal wrecan swefyl and sweart líg sáre and grimme hát [Junius háte] and hǽste hǽðnum folce sulphur and swart flame, sorely and, fiercely, hot and vehement shall avenge it on the heathen folk (Junius' reading might be taken and hǽste would then be an adverb parallel with sáre and grimme : v. preceding word], Cd. 110; Th. 146, 2; Gen. 2416. [Cf. Grff iv. 969, 'Si quis in curte episcopi armatus contra legem intraverit, quod alamanni haistera hanti dicunt :' and for similar expressions, v. Grmm. R. A. 4.]
hǽste; adv. [?] See two preceding words.
Hæstingas, Hestingas, Hæstinga ceaster Hastings :-- And ða hwíle com Willelm eorl upp æt Hestingan and that time Earl William landed at Hastings, Chr. 1066; Erl. 203, 3. Ðá férde se cyng tó Hæstingan then the king went to Hastings, 1094; Erl. 229, 35. Hí heafdon ofergán Súþseaxe and Hæstingas [Hæsting, l. 36] they had overrun Sussex and Hastings, 1011; Erl. 144, 27. Tó Hæstinga ceastre at Hastings, L. Ath. 1, 14; Th. i. 208, 2.
hǽstlíce; adv. Violently, vehemently, fiercely, Exon. 67 b; Th. 250, 33 Jul. 136. [Cf. O. H. Ger. heistigo biscoltan, Grff iv. 1063.]
hæt, hætt, es; m. A hat, covering for the head; pileus, mitra, tiara :-- Fellen hæt galerus vel pileus, Ælfc. Gl. 18; Som. 58, 111; Wrt. Voc. 22, 26. Hæt calamanca, Wrt. Voc. 41, 8 : capitium, 74, 57. Terrentius bær hæt on his heáfde, for ðon Rómáné hæfdon gesett ðæt ða ðe hæt beran móston móston ǽgþer habban ge feorh ge freódóm Terentius pileatus, quod indultæ sibi libertatis insigne fuit, Ors. 4, 10; Swt. 202, 25-29. [Icel. höttr a hood, cowl : Dan. hat.]
hǽtan; p. te; pp. ed To heat, make hot :-- Ðæt fýr ðe man ðæt ordál mid hǽtan sceal the fire with which the ordeal is to be heated, L. Ath. 4, 7; Th. i. 226, 11 : 14. Tó hǽtanne magan to heat the stomach, L. M. 2, 10; Lchdm. ii. 188, 16. Hit gelamp sume dæige ðæt ðæs swánes wíf hǽtte hire ofen and se king ðǽr big set it happened one day that the herdsman's wife heated her oven, and the king sat by, Shrn. 16, 15. Hǽt scenc fulne wínes heat a cup full of wine, Lchdm. i. 370, 26 : ii. 24, 25. [Icel. heita : Ger. heizen]
hǽte, an; f. Heat :-- Cíle and hǽte ne geswícaþ frigus et æstus non requiescent, Gen. 8, 22. Ðá ðá seó hǽte com ðá forscranc hit when the heat came then it withered away, Homl. Th. ii. 90, 30. On ðære hǽtan ðæs dæges in the heat of the day, Gen. 18, 1 : Mt. Kmbl. 20, 12. For sunnan hætan on account of the heat of the sun, Herb. 100, 8; Lchdm. i. 214, 24 : 114, 1; Lchdm. i. 226, 23. Wið eágena hǽtan for heat of the eyes, Lchdm. i. 352, 5. Eówre gléda náne hǽtan mínum líchaman ne gedóþ your embers cause no heat to my body, Homl. Th. i. 430, 12. Ðæt hellíce fýr hæfþ unásecgendlíce hǽtan and nán leóht the fire of hell has heat unspeakable, but no light, 532, 2. Ongan mid monegum hǽtum geswenced beón multis cæpit æstibus affici, Bd. 2, 12; S. 513, 31. Wið wunda hátum for inflammations of wounds, Herb. 2, 16; Lchdm. i. 84, 20. [Cf. Icel. heita brewing.] v. hǽtu.
hætera, hæteru, pl. Garments :-- Hé hæfde ne hǽlþe ne hætera he had neither health nor garments, Homl. Th. i. 330, 14. Se hund tótær his hæteru sticmǽlnm of his bæce the dog tore his garments to pieces off his back, 374, 8. Sume hí cuwon heora hætera some of them chewed their garments, 404, 5. Gá hé út mid his hætron swyclon hé in com let him go out with his garments such as he came in with, Ex. 21, 4. [Laym. alle his hateren weoren totoren : A. R. hateren; dat. pl : Piers P. I have but one hatere : Prompt. Parv. hatyr, rent clothe scrutum, pannucia : O. H. Ger. hadarun; dat. pl. pannis, mastrugis : Ger. hader rag, clout.]
hǽþ, e; f. A heath, waste, desert, uncultivated land :-- Hár hǽþ the hoar heath, Cd.148; Th. 185, 5; Exod. 118. Bera sceal on hǽþe the bear shall [live] on the heath, Menol. Fox 518; Gn. C. 29. [Goth. haiþi : Icel. heiðr a low barren heath or fell : Ger. heide (12th cent : Grff iv. 809).]
hǽþ, e; f. Heath, heather :-- Hǽþ marica vel brogus, Ælfc. Gl. 46; Som. 65, 3; Wrt. Gl. 33, 3. Smeóce mid hǽþe smoke with heath, Lchdm. i. 354, 24. v. Gloss. iii. 329, col. 2. [Prompt. Parv. hethe or lynge bruarium : O. H. Ger. heida thymus, mirice : Ger. heide, heidekraut.]
hǽþ-berige, an; f. Heath-berry, bilberry; vaccinium :-- Hǽþbergean wísan heath-berry plants, L. M. 3, 61; Lchdm. ii. 344, 10.
hǽþ-cole Cassis, galea, Cot. 32, 36, Lye.
hǽðen; adj. HEATHEN, pagan, gentile; and subst. a heathen :-- Twá folc ðæt is Iudéisc and hǽðen two peoples, that is Jew and gentile, Homl. Th. i. 206, 32. Ðes wæs hǽðen hic erat samaritanus, Lk. Skt. Rush. 17, 16. Gif ungefullod cild fǽrlíce biþ gebroht tó ðam mæssepreóste hé hit mót fullian sóna ðæt hit ne swelte hǽðen if an unbaptized child be brought to the mass-priest suddenly, he must baptize it at once, that it die not heathen, L. Ælfc. 26; Th. ii. 352, 17 : L. M. I. P. 42; Th. ii. 276, 15. Hér sæt hǽðen here on Tenet in this year a heathen [Danish] army sat in Thanet, Chr. 865; Erl. 70, 31. Óð ðone hǽðenan byrgels up to the heathen tomb, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. ii. 250, 13. (The same phrase often occurs in the charters in the descriptions of boundaries.) Se hæfde wununge on hǽðenum byrgenum he had his dwelling among the tombs, Homl. Th. ii. 378, 26. Hér hǽðne men ǽrest ofer winter sǽtun in this year heathen [Danish] men first remained through the winter, Chr. 855; Erl. 68, 23 : 851; Erl. 66, 26. Bachsecg and Halfdene ða hǽðenan cyningas Bachsecg and Halfdene the heathen kings, 871; Erl. 74, 17. Ða ealdan Rómání on hǽðenum dagum ongunnon ðæs geáres ymbryne on ðysum dæge the old Romans, in heathen days, began the circuit of the year on this day, Homl.Th. i. 98, 20. Used substantively :-- Ðæt hé forgeáfe gódne willan ðam seócan hǽðenan that he would grant good will to the sick heathen, ii. 24, 33. Sume ða hǽðenan some of the heathens, i. 562, 28 : 560, 8. Ða hǽðenan on Norþhymbrum hergodon the heathens harried in Northumbria, Chr. 794; Erl. 39, 19. Ðyssera hǽðenra fǽrlícan deáþ sudden death from these heathens, Homl. Th. ii. 494, 31. Hǽðinra gentium, Lk. Skt. Lind. 21, 25. Hǽðenra þeównéd thraldom under the heathen, Cd. 189; Th. 235, 17; Dan. 307 : Hé hí on handgeweald hǽðenum sealde tradidit eos in manus gentium, Ps. Th. 105, 30. Hie férdon ongeán ðǽm héðnum they marched against the heathens, Blickl. Homl. 203, 3. [Cf. Goth. haiþno; f. a heathen, gentile woman : O. Sax. héðin : O. Frs. héthen : Icel. heiðinn : O. H. Ger. heidan ethnicus, gentilis, paganus, samaritanus : Ger. heide a heathen.] v. Grmm. D. M. 1198.
hǽðena, an; m. A heathen, gentile :-- Hǽðnana gentium, Lk. Skt. Rush. 21, 25. See preceding word.
hǽðen-cyning, es; m. A heathen king :-- Herige hǽðencyninga a band of heathen kings, Cd. 174; Th. 219, 13; Dan. 54.
hǽðen-cynn, es; n. A heathen race, Cd. 119; Th. 153, 29; Gen. 2546.
hǽðen-dóm, es; m. Heathendom, paganism :-- Hí gecwǽdon ðæt hí ǽnne God lufian woldon and ǽlcne hǽðendóm georne áweorpan they agreed that they would love one God and zealously put away every kind of heathendom, L. E. G. pref; Th. i. 166, 12. Wé lǽraþ ðæt preósta gehwilc cristendóm geornlíce árǽre and ǽlcne hǽðendóm mid ealle ádwæsce we enjoin that every priest zealously promote Christianity, and totally extinguish every kind of paganism, L. Edg. C. 16; Th. ii. 248, 2 : Cd. 183; Th. 229, 23; Dan. 221. [Orm. hæþenndom 'and tatt [the death of the soul with the body] iss mikell hæþenndom to lefenn and to trowenn:' Icel. heiðin-dómr : O. H. Ger. heidan-tuom : Ger. heidenthum.]
hǽðen-feoh, gen. -feós; n. A heathen sacrifice, Exon. 66 b; Th. 245, 31; Jul. 53.
hǽðen-gild, -gield, -gyld, es; n. Heathen worship, idolatry; also an idol :-- Ðis hǽðengyld deófles biggeng is this idolatry is worship of the devil, Homl. Th. i. 72, 4. Hǽðengield, Exon. 66 a; Th. 243, 23; Jul. 15. Tó ðam hǽðengilde bugon they turned to the idol [Baal-peor], Num. 25, 2 : 31, 16. Hé bæd hig georne ðæt hig búgan ne sceoldon fram Godes bigengum tó ðam bysmorfullum hǽðengilde he prayed them earnestly not to turn from the worship of God to degrading idolatry, Jos. 23, 7. Iulianus ðá ongann tó lufigenne hǽðengyld Julian then began to love idolatry, Homl. Th. i. 448, 30. Ealle ða hǽðengyld ðe ðás Indiscan wurðiaþ all the idols that these Indians worship, 454, 14. Hǽðengield, Exon. 66 a; Th. 244, 4; Jul. 22. v. gild.
hǽðen-gilda, -gylda, an; m. A heathen worshipper, heathen, an idolater :-- Hé is gehiwod tó cristenum men, and is earm hǽðengylda he is in appearance a Christian, and is a miserable heathen, Homl. Th. i. 102, 16. Se yldesta hǽðengylda the chief idolater, 72, 9. Se ofslóh ðæs hǽðengyldan sunú which slew the idolater's son, ii. 294, 19. Se ealdorman wolde ða hǽðengildan forbærnan the general then wanted to turn the idolaters, 484, 8. v. gilda.
hǽðenisc; adj. Heathenish, pagan :-- Heora biscepas sǽdon ðæt heora godas bǽdon ðæt him man worhte anfiteatra ðæt mon mehte ðone hǽðeniscan plegan ðǽrinne dón suasere pontifices, ut ludi scaenici diis expetentibus ederentur, Ors. 3, 3; Swt. 102, 12. [O. H. Ger. heidanisc gentilis : Ger. heidnisch.]
hǽðen-mann, -monn, es; m. A heathen :-- Hǽðinmonn samaritanus, Lk. Skt. Lind. 10, 33.
hǽðen-nes, se; f. Heathenism, paganism; gentilitas :-- Ðá ongunnon monige hǽðennysse þeáw forlǽtan relicto gentilitatis ritu, Bd. 1, 26; S. 488, 12. Hé tó hǽðennysse wæs gehwyrfed ad apostasiam conversus est, 3, 30; S. 561, 39. [Laym. hæðenesse : Chauc. 'as wel in Cristendom as in hethenesse,' Prol. 49 : Piers P. ' al was hethenesse some tyme Ingelond and Wales, 15. 435.]
hǽðen-scipe, es; m. Heathenism, paganism :-- Wé, forbeódaþ eornostlíce ǽlcne hǽðenscipe. Hǽðenscipe biþ ðæt man ídola weorðige ðæt is ðæt man weorðige hǽðene godas and sunnan oððe mónan fýr oððe flód wæter-wyllas oððe stánas we earnestly forbid all heathenism : heathenism is to worship idols, that is to worship heathen gods, and sun or moon, fire or water, springs or stones, L. C. S. 5; Th. i. 378, 17, 20. Ðæt ys mycel hǽðenscype id magnus est paganismus, L. Ecg. P. 4, 20; Th. ii. 210, 19 : L. N. P. L. 48; Th. ii. 296, 27 : Chr. 634; Erl. 25, 31. Ða tungelwítegan ðe wǽron on hǽðenscipe wunigende hæfdon getácnunge ealles hǽðenes folces the astrologers, who were yet heathens, betokened all heathen people, Homl. Th. i. 106, 9 : 70, 25, 28. [Laym. hæðenescipe ]
hǽðen-styrc, es; m. A heathen stirk, calf used in heathen worship, the golden calf made by the Israelites :-- Hí on Choreb swylce cealf ongunnon him tó godegylde georne wyrcean; onwendan heora wuldor on ðæne wyrsan hád hǽðenstyrces hig etendes fecerunt vitulum in Choreb, et adoraverunt sculptile; et mutaverunt gloriam suam in similitudinem vituli comedentis fœnum, Ps. Th. 105, 17.
Hǽðfeld Hatfield in Hertfordshire :-- Hér gesæt Þeodorius ærcebiscop senoþ on Hǽðfelda in this year archbishop Theodore presided over a synod at Hatfield, Chr. 680; Erl. 40, 11.
hǽðiht; adj. Heathy :-- In ða hǽðihtan lége to the heathy lea, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 121, 21 : 262, 22.
hǽð-stapa, an; m. A heath-stepper, an animal which wanders over heaths or uncultivated country :-- Ðeáh ðe hǽðstapa hundum geswenced heorot holtwudu séce although the heath-wanderer, the hart by the hounds wearied, seek that wood, Beo.Th. 2740; B. 1368. Wulf hár hǽðstapa the wolf, the grey wanderer of the heath, Exon. 87 a; Th. 328, 6 : Vy. 13.
Hǽðum, æt Slesvig, Ors. 1, 1; Bos. 21, 30, 39. [Cf. Ethelweard 'Anglia vetus sita est inter Saxones et Giotos, habens oppidum capitale, quod sermone Saxonico Sleswic nuncupatur, secundum vero Danos Haithaby.' Icel. Heiðabær.]
hǽðung,[= hǽtung], e; f Heating, warming :-- Belimpþ seó hǽðung tó ðære hǽtan and seó onlíhting belimpþ tó ðære beorhtnysse the heating belongs to the heat and the illumination to the brightness, Homl. Th. i. 286, 3.
hǽting, e; f. Calipeatum, Wrt. Voc. 290, 43.
hætsan to drive, urge, impel [?] :-- Hwílum mec mín freá hætst on enge sometimes my lord drives me into a narrow place, Exon. 101 b; Th. 383, 3; Rä. 4, 5.
hættian; p. ode; pp. od To take the hair and skin from a person's head :-- Ðonne dó man út his eágan and ceorfan of his nóse and eáran and uferan lippan oððe hine hættian then let his eyes be put out and his nose and ears and upper lip be cut off; or let him have the hair and skin of his head pulled off, L. C. S. 30; Th. i. 394, 14. [The Latin version here has 'aut corium capitis cum capillis (auferatur) quod Angli vocant behættie :' Another translation has 'vel decapilletur.'] Sume man hættode, Chr. 1036; Ed. 164, 39. In the note Earle quotes Florence of Worcester 'cute capitis abstracta.' Cf. Grmm. R. A. 703, where he quotes an explanation of the punishment by which the hair was dragged from a person's head, 'man windet im die haar mit einer kluppen oder knebel aus dem heupt.' He thinks the form hettian [hættian] has no sense, but may it not be connected with hæt, as it was just that part of the head which the hat covered that was affected? It was giving the victim the appearance of wearing a hat of a most ghastly kind.
hǽtu, hǽto; indecl; f. Heat :-- Hǽtu calor, Ælfc. Gr. 4, 26. Þridde ágennys is seó hǽtu the third property is the heat, Homl. Th. ii. 606, 13, 18. Þýstro and hǽto darkness and heat, Cd. 21; Th. 25, 6; Gen. 389 : Bt. Met. Fox 20,146; Met. 20, 73. Hǽto æstus, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 20, 12. Gif se líchoma hwǽr mid hefiglícre hǽto sý gebysgod if the body be troubled anywhere with heavy inflammation, Herb. 2, 6; Lchdm. i. 82, 8. Unácumendlíce hǽtu þrowiaþ and unásecgendlíce cýle they suffer intolerable heat and unspeakable cold, Homl. Th. i. 532, 1. [O. Frs. héte; f : O. H. Ger. heizi, heiz; f. æstus, fervor : O. Sax. hét; n.] v. hǽte.
hǽwen; adj. Blue, azure, purple, discoloured :-- Hǽwen glaucus, Cot. 96 : jacinthina, 185 : fulvus, Lye. Ádó in ǽren fæt lǽt ðǽr in óð ðæt hit hǽwen sý put into a brazen vessel, leave it therein until it be turned colour, Lchdm. iii. 20, 18. Gyf dæt húsl byþ fynig oððe hǽwen if the housel be mouldy or discoloured, L. Ælf. C. 36; Th. ii. 360, 9. Seó hǽwene lyft the azure air, Cd. 166; Th. 207, 33; Exod, 476. Genim ðás wyrte ðe grécas brittanice and engle hǽwen hydele, Herb. 30; Lchdm. i. 126, 6. Hǽwene hnydele, iii. 24, 8. Ðeós wyrt hafaþ lange leáf and hǽwene this plant hath long leaves and purple, Herb. 133, 1; Lchdm. i. 248, 18 : 150, 1; Lchdm. i. 274, 16. Seó heall wæs getymbred ynnan and útan myd grénum and myd hǽwenum and myd hwýtum the hall was built within and without with green and with purple and with white, Shrn. 156, 6. Hǽwen-grén cæruleus, Cot. 53, Lye. Hǽwendeáge hyacinthinus, Lye.
hafa and forms as from hafian. v. habban.
hafecere, es; m. A hawker :-- Wé lǽraþ ðæt preóst ne beó hunta ne hafecere we enjoin that a priest be not a hunter, nor a hawker, L. Edg. C. 64; Th. ii. 258, 7.
hafela, hafala, heafela, heafola, an; m. The head; caput; κεφαλί :-- Se hwíta helm hafelan werede the bright helm guarded the head, Beo.Th. 2901; B. 1448 : 2658; B. 1327 : 3564; B. 1780. Of ðæs hǽlendes heafelan from the Saviour's head, Exon. 15 a; Th. 31, 34; Cri. 505. Heafolan, Beo.Th. 5352; B. 2679. Hafalan, 896; B. 446.
hafe-leást, e; f. Want of means, indigence :-- For haueléste from lack of means, Chr. 675; Erl. 38, 12. v. hafen-leást.
hafenian; p. ode; pp. od To grasp, hold :-- Wǽpen hafenade heard be hiltum he grasped the weapon hard by the hilt, Beo. Th. 3151; B. 1573. Bord hafenode he grasped his shield, Byrht. Th. 132, 67; By. 42 : 140, 57; By. 309. [O. H. Ger. hebinon, hefinon, Grff. iv. 737, 828.]
hafen-leás; adj. Lacking means, poor, indigent; inops :-- Hafenleás inops, Wrt. Voc. 74, 20. Hé wæs swíðe welig wædlum and þearfum and symle him sylfum swíðe hafenleás he was very wealthy for the poor and needy, and ever very indigent for himself, Homl. Th. ii. 148. 34. Sum hafenleás man sceolde ágyldan healf pund ánum menn a certain indigent man had to pay a man half a pound, 176, 34. Se hafenleása 178, 6. Se ðe spéda hæfþ and ða áspendan nele hafenleásum bréðer he that hath riches and will not expend them for his brother who lacks, 318,11 : 484, 33 : 178, 19. v. hæfen-leás.
hafen-leást, e; f. Lack of means, indigence; inopia :-- Wé ne sceolon ða wannspédigan for heora hafenleáste forseón we ought not to despise those who are without means for their indigence, Homl. Th. i. 128, 23. Fela sind þearfan þurh hafenleáste and ná on heora gáste. Sind eác óðre þearfan ná þurh hafenleáste ac on gáste many are poor from want of wealth, and not in spirit. There are also other poor, not from want of wealth, but in spirit, 550, 3-5, 11, 12, 17. Úre sáule hafenleáste the indigence of our souls, ii. 88, 26. Ðá getímode swá micel hafenleást ðæt ða gebróðra næfdon búton fíf hláfas tó heora ealra gereorde then there befell so great a lack that the brethren had but five loaves for the refection of them all, 170, 33. v. hæfen-leást.
hafetian to clap [as a bird with its wings, or a man with his hands], applaud :-- Ic hafetige plaudo, Ælfc. Gr. 28; Som. 31, 28. Flódas hafettaþ hundum flumina plaudent manu, Ps. Spl. 97, 8. Ǽrðan ðe se hana hafitigende cráwe before the cock clapping its wings crow, Homl. Th. ii. 246, 4.
hafoc, hafuc, heafoc, es; m. A hawk; accipiter :-- Heafuc accipiter, Wrt. Voc. 77, 15. Mid hafoce accipitre, Coll. Monast. Th. 25, 15, 17, 31, 37. Gód hafoc a good hawk, Beo. Th. 4519; B. 2263. Sum sceal wildne fugol átemian heafoc one shall tame the wild bird, the hawk, Exon. 88 b; Th. 332, 16; Vy. 86. [Laym. havek : Icel. haukr : O. H. Ger. hapuh, habich : Ger. habicht.] DER. gós-, gúþ-, mús-, spear-, wealh-hafoc. The word is found in many names of places, see Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. vi. index.
hafoc-cynn, es; n. The hawk species :-- Ne ete gé nán þing hafoccynnes ne earncynnes eat nothing of the hawk-kind or the eagle-kind, Lev. 11, 13.
hafoc-fugel, es; m. A hawk :-- Ðeáh hafucfugel ábite etiamsi accipiter momorderit, L. Ecg. C. 38; Th. ii. 162, 19.
hafoc-wyrt, e; f. Hawk-weed [?]; hieracium, L. M. 1, 14; Lchdm. ii. 56, 11.
hafud-æcer, es; m [?] :-- Tióþa hafudæcer decumanus, Ælfc. Gl. 57; Som. 67, 78; Wrt. Voc. 38, 4.
hafud-land, es; n. A headland, boundary :-- Hafudland limites, Ælfc. Gl. 57; Som. 67, 77; Wrt. Voc. 38, 3. ['Headland, the upper portion of a field, generally left unploughed for convenience of passage,' Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. xxix. 'Adlands, those butts in a ploughed field which lie at right angles to the general direction of the others; the part close against the hedge. Salop,' Halliwell. So in Surrey, Engl. Dial. Soc. No. 12, p. 91. 'Headland, that is which is ploughed overthwart at the ends of the other lands,' No. 30, p. 82.]
haga, an; m. A place fenced in, an enclosure, a haw, a dwelling in a town :-- Haga sæpem, Mk. Skt. Lind. 12, 1. Se haga binnan port ðe Ægelríc himsylfan getimbrod hæfde the messuage within the town that Ægelric had built himself, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iv. 86, 26 : Th. Chart. 569, 2, 5 : 514, 13 : Cod. Dipl. ii. 150, 5, 11. Ðis syndon ðæs hagan gemǽru those are the boundaries of the messuage [in the previous part of the charter the gift is spoken of as unam curtem], iii. 240, 18. Ða hagan ealle ðe hé be westan cyrcan hæfde all the messuages that he had west of the church, Th. Chart. 303, 10. Ǽnne hagan on porte curtem unum in supradicta civitate, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iv. 72, 27 : iii. 213, 13. Quandam hospicii portionem in præfata civitate sitam, quÆ patria lingua haga solet appellari, vi. 134, 24; cf. 135, 14, 25. Tó hagan þrungon they pressed to the entrenchment, Beo. Th. 5913; B. 2960 : Beo. Th. 5777; B. 2892. [Chauc. hawe yard : in Kentish dialect haw a yard, or enclosure : Icel. hagi a hedged field, a pasture.] DER. bord-, cumbol-, fǽr-, swín-, turf-, wíg-haga.
haga, an; m. A haw, berry of the hawthorn; also used to signify any thing of no value [?], [cf. Chaucer's 'not worth an hawe'] :-- Hagan gignalia, Ælfc. Gl. 47; Som. 65, 24; Wrt. Voc. 33, 24. Hagan quisquilia, 285, 31. [Prompt. Parv. hawe, frute cinum, cornum, ramnum.]
hagal, hagol, es; m. Hail; grando :-- Hagol grando, Ælfc. Gl. 94; Som. 75, 100; Wrt. Voc. 52, 50 : Homl. Th. ii. 192, 32. Hagol cymþ of ðám réndropum ðonne hí beóþ gefrorene hail comes of the raindrops when they are frozen, Lchdm. iii. 278, 19. Rén hagal and snáw hrusan leccaþ rain, hail, and snow moisten the earth, Bt. Met. Fox 29, 127; Met. 29, 64. Mid hagole with hail, Homl. Th. ii. 350, 8. Gesihþ hreósan hrím and snáw hagle gemenged sees rime and snowfall mingled with hail, Exon. 77 a; Th. 289, 15; Wand. 48. [Laym. haʒel : Icel. hagl; n. hail; Hagall; m. the name of the rune h : O. H. Ger. hagal; m : Ger. hagel.] v. hægel.
hagalian; p. ode To hail :-- Hit hagalade stánum ofer ealle Rómáne saxea de nubibus grando descendens, Ors. 3, 5; Swt. 104, 20. [Icel. hagla : M. H. Ger. hagelen.]
hagal-scúr, hagol-, es; m. A shower of hail, Ps. Spl. M. 104, 30 : Menol. Fox 71; Men. 35. v. hægel-scúr.
haga-þorn, es; m. Hawthorn :-- Of hagaþornum de tribolis, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 7, 16. v. hæg-þorn.
hagol-stán, es; m. A hailstone :-- God him sende ufan greáte hagolstánas God sent down upon them great hailstones, Jos. 10, 11. Betwux ðám greátum hagolstánum amid the great stones. Homl. Th. i. 52, 18. [Icel. hagl-steinn : M. H. Ger. hagel-sten : Ger. hagel-stein.]
hago-spind, heago-, hecga-, es; m. n? The cheek :-- Hagospind genæ, Wrt. Voc. 64, 41. Heagospind, 282, 56. Hecgaspind, Ælfc. Gl. 71; Som. 70, 78; Wrt. Voc. 43, 11. Heortes heagospind a hart's cheek, Lchdm. i. 336, 12. [Somner, Lye, and Wright print swind for spind, the form which occurs in the transcript by Junius; see note to passage quoted above from Lchdm. i. Eágospind occurs, Guthl. 20; Gdwin. 82, 4.] v. spind.
hago-steald, es; m. One living in the lord's house, not having his own household, an unmarried person, a young person, young warrior :-- Hagosteald onwóc módig from moldan the young warrior [Christ] was roused exulting from earth, Exon. 120 a; Th. 460, 23; Hö. 21. Heafoc weorþeþ tó hagostealdes honda gelǽred the hawk becomes trained to the youth's hand, 88 b; Th. 332, 28; Vy. 92. [O. Sax. haga-stald, -stold a servant, young man : O. H. Ger. haga-stalt, -stolt mercenarius, cælebs : Ger. hagestolz old bachelor.] v. Grmm. R. A. 484, and hæg-steald.
hago-steald, es; n. Celibacy, Exon. 105 b; Th. 402, 17; Rä. 21, 31.
hago-stealdmonn, es; m. = hago-steald, q. v. Exon. 104 a; Th. 395, 3; Rä. 15, 2.
Hagustaldes eá, eé, hám Hexham, Chr. 681 : 685 : 766 : 780 : 789 : 806 : Bd. 5, 23; S. 646, 30. [Dun. Hestaldesham, Hestaldeshige : Ric. Hestalasham : Gerv. Hestoldesham : Kni. Exseldesham.]
hal, es; n. A, secret place, a corner :-- Ðá gemétte hé hine hleonian on ðam hale his cyrcan wið ðam weofode he found him leaning in the corner of his church against the altar, Guthl. 20; Gdwin. 82, 22. On halum in abditis, Ps. Spl. 16, 13. [Cf. we beth honted from hale to hurne, Pol. Songs. Wrt. 150, 17. In one swiþe diʒele hale, O. and N. 2.] v. helan.
hál; adj. Whole, hale, well, in good health, sound, safe, without fraud, honest; often used in salutation :-- Iosep áxode hwæðer hira fæder wǽre hál Joseph asked whether their father were well, Gen. 43, 27. Se man wæs sóna hál statim sanus factus est, Jn. Skt. 5, 9. Se biþ hál geworden he shall be saved, Blickl. Homl. 21, 36. Hé þurh ðæt sóna wearþ hál geworden he was at once by that restored to health, 223, 26. Gif hie mon gelácnian mǽge ðæt hie hál síe if it [the broken sinew] can be cured so that it be sound, L. Alf. pol. 75; Th. i. 100, 4. Mannes sunu com sécean and hál dón ðæt forwearþ venit filius hominis quærere et saluare quod perierat, Lk. Skt. 19, 10. Gedó mé hálne salvum me fac, Mt. Kmbl. 14, 30 : Mk. Skt. 5, 34. Hine ðǽm mannum hálne and gesundne ágeaf restored him to the men safe and sound, Blickl. Homl. 219, 21 : 107,17. Ðú mé behéte hál and clǽne ðæt ðæt ðú mé sealdest thou didst declare to me that what thou didst sell me was sound and clean, L. O. 7; Th. i. 180, 22 : 9; Th. i. 182, 4. Hé hyne hálne onféng he hath received him safe and sound, Lk. Skt. 15, 27. Ic geaf hit on mínon hálan lífe intó Cristes cyrcean I gave it while of sound body to Christ's church, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iv. 305, 12. Ðá betǽhte Ecgferþ on hálre tungan land and bóc Dunstáne then Ecgferth in plain, unequivocal language delivered land and charter to Dunstan [cf. Icel. með heilum hug sincerely], Th. Chart. 208, 11. Hál wes ðú Iudéa cyning Haue rex Iudæorum, Mt. Kmbl. 27, 29 : Lk. Skt. 1, 28 : Andr. Kmbl. 1827; An. 916 : Beo. Th. 818; B. 407. Hále wese gé Havete, Mt. Kmbl. 28, 9. Sý ðú hál leóf Iudéiscre leóde cyning hail sir, king of the Jewish people, Homl. Th. ii. 252, 28. Hál beó ðú Have, Mt. Kmbl. 26, 49. Beó ðú hál and sig gebletsod se ðe on Dryhtnes naman com Osanna benedictus qui venit in nomine Domini, Nicod. 4; Thw. 2, 32. [Laym. hal, hæl, hæil, hail, hol : Lauerd king wæs hæil [wassayl, later MS.], 14309 : Orm. hal : A. R. hol : Prompt. Parv. hool : Goth. hails : O. Sax. O. Frs. hél : Icel. heill : O. H. Ger. heil : Ger. heil.] v. ge-, un-hál.
halan [or hamlan] afterbirth :-- Gáte geallan on wíne gedruncen wífa halan him ofádéþ goat's gall, drunken in wine, removes women's afterbirth for them, Lchdm. i. 356, 8. v. Gloss : Lchdm. ii.
hál-bǽre; adj. Wholesome, salutary; salutaris, Scint. 32, 78, Lye.
hálettan; p. te To salute, greet, hail :-- Sum man hine hálette and grétte and hine be his naman nemde quidam eum salutans ac suo appellans nomine, Bd. 4, 24; S. 597, 12 : 2, 12; S. 514, 31 : Blickl. Homl. 155, 20. Iohannes hálette on hie mycelre stefne John greeted her with a loud voice, 143, 15. Hie háletton on hie they greeted her, 139, 25.
hálettend, es; m. The middle finger, the finger by which a sign of greeting is made :-- Hálettend midemesta finger salutarius, Wrt. Voc. 283, 21. Hǽletend salutaris, Recd. 38, 72; Wrt. Voc. 64, 81.
hálettung, e; f. Greeting, salutation :-- Æfter ðæs engles bletsunga and hálettunga swígende þohte hwæt seó hálettung wǽre after the angel's blessing and greeting she considered in silence what the greeting might be, Blickl. Homl. 7, 16. Hálettunge, 3, 21. Hǽlettungæ salutations, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 23, 7.
hál-fæst; adj. Salutary; qui potest sanare, Lye.
hálga, an; m. A saint :-- Biþ gesmyrod ealra hálgena hálga the saint of all saints shall be anointed, Homl. Th. ii. 14, 16. Ðæt wundor gelamp þurh ðæs hálgan mihte that miracle happened through the saint's might, 28, 28; Swt. A. S. Rdr. 102, 212. Fram ðam rihtwísan Abel óþ ðam endenéxtan hálgan from righteous Abel to the last saint, Homl. Th. ii. 74, 5. Godes hálgan sind englas and men God's saints are angels and men, i. 538, 23 : 574, 22 : ii. 112, 31. Hálgena líchaman árison the bodies of saints arose, 258, 5. On ðone dæg æfter ealra hálgena mæssedæg on the day after All Saints' day, Chr. 1083; Erl. 217, 32. November se mónaþ onginþ on ealra hálgena mæssedæg the month of November begins on All Saints' day, Ælfc. Gr. 9; Som. 9, 55. [Chauc. halwe : Mod. E. in All Hallows : Ger. heilige a saint.] v. hálig.
hálgawaras; pl. Holy people, saints :-- Gisungan hálgawaras cantabant sancti, Rtl. 47, 26. Hálgawara ðínra sanctorum tuorum, 62, 12. Hálgawæra, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 27, 52. [Cf. hálig-waras.]
hálgian; p. ode; pp. od To hallow, make holy, consecrate, sanctify :-- Hweðer hie ða ciricean hálgian dorston on óðre wísan whether they durst consecrate the church otherwise, Blickl. Homl. 205, 21, 24. Ne miht ðú on óðre wísan bisceop hálgian búton óðrum bisceopum ordinare episcopum non aliter nisi sine episcopis potes, Bd. 1, 27; S. 492, 3. Ðú scealt hálgian híred ðínne thou shalt hallow thy family, Cd. 106; Th. 139, 15; Gen. 2310. Hér man hálgode Ælféhg tó arcebiscope in this year Ælfheah was consecrated archbishop, Chr. 1006; Erl. 138, 2 : 1050; Erl. 176, 22. Nis eów þearf ðæt gé ða ciricean hálgian there is no need for you to consecrate the church, Blickl. Homl. 207, 1. Hweðer hie ða ciricean hálgedon whether they should consecrate the church, 205, 11. Hálgig oððe hálga ðú sanctifica, Jn. Skt. Lind. 17, 17. Hálgiaþ eówer fæsten sanctify ye a fast, Blickl. Homl. 37, 32. Sý hálgad noma hallowed be thy name, Exon. 122 a; Th. 468, 19; Hy. 5, 2. [Laym. halʒien : Orm. hallʒhenn : Prompt. Parv. halwin consecrare : O. Sax. hélagón : Icel. helga : O. H. Ger. heilagón : Ger. heiligen.]
Hálgo-land, es; n. A district [fylki] of Norway, Hálogaland :-- Óhthere sǽde ðæt sió scir hátte Hálgoland ðe hé on búde. Hé cwæþ ðæt nán mann ne búde be norþan him Ohthere said that the district was called Halogaland that he lived in. He said that no one lived north of him, Ors. 1, 1; Bos. 21, 16. See Aall's translation of the Heimskringla, p. 24, note.
hálgung, hálegung, e; f. Hallowing, consecration, sanctification :-- Getimbra hálgung scenophegia, Ælfc. Gl. 3; Som. 55, 78; Wrt. Voc. 16, 50. Niuæs húses hálgung ɫ cirica hálgung encenia, Jn, Skt. Lind. 10, 22. Geworden is Iudéa hálgung facta est Iudæa sanctificatio, Ps. Spl. 113, 2 : 77. 59. Biscopes hálgung episcopi ordinatio, Bd. 1, 27; S. 492, 5. Ðeáh ealle circan habban hálgunge gelíce though all churches have like consecration, L. Eth. 9, 5; Th. i. 340. 27. Seðe ða hálgunge oððe ða lectionem ne mæg æfter þeáwe gefyllan qui consecrationem vel lectionem non potest rite implere, L. Ecg Q. 35; Th. ii. 160, 16. Hé ne háding ne háleging ne dó let him not ordain nor consecrate, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. v. 28, 34. [Prompt. Parv. halwynge of holy placys consecracio, dedicacio : O. H. Ger. heilagunga sanctificatio : Ger. heiligung.]
hálgung-ram; m. A consecrated ram :-- For ðam hit ys hálgungram for it is a ram of consecration, Ex. 29, 22.
hálian; p. ode To become hale, whole, to heal, to get well :-- Lege tó ðam sáre hyt sceal berstan and hálian lay to the sore; it shall burst and heal, Herb. 148, 2; Lchdm. i. 272, 21. Hé ðá ongan trumian and háligan ubi sanescere cæpit, Bd. 4, 22; S. 591, 10. Ðonne hálaþ ðæt heáfod swýðe hraðe the head will heal very quickly, Herb. 1, 2; Lchdm. i. 70, 16: 2, 6; Lchdm. i. 82, 10. [O. H. Ger. heilen sanescere.]
hálig; adj. Holy; sanctus, sacer :-- Hálig sanctus, almus, Ælfc. Gr. 8; Som. 7, 41. Ðæt hálige gewrit scribtura, Jn. Skt. 17, 12. Se háliga frófre gást paracletus sanctus spiritus, 14, 26. Hálig sealt holy salt, L. M. 3, 62; Lchdm. ii. 346, 30; 344, 14. Háliges wæteres some holy water, 348, 2. Woroldlícra weorca on ðam hálgan dæge geswíce man georne let people carefully abstain from worldly works on that holy day [Sunday], L. Eth. 6, 22; Th. i. 320, 13. On ðone hálgan Ðunresdæg on holy Thursday, L. Alf. pol. 5; Th. i. 64, 24. Ða hálgan hádas the clergy, L. Edm. E. 1; Th. i. 244, 9. Hé spræc þurh hys hálegra wítegena múþ locutus est per os sanctorum prophetarum ejus, Lk. Skt. 1, 70. Ðám hálgum tídum at those holy times, L. C. S. 17; Th. i. 370, 9. Hálige béc sacros libros, L. Ecg. P. 3, 4; Th. ii. 196, 27. [Laym. hali, holy: Orm. haliʒ: Wick. hooli: O. Sax. hélag: O. Frs. hélich: Icel. heilagr: O. H. Ger. heilag: Ger. heilig.]
hálig-dæg, es; m. A holy day, Sunday :-- Be hálidæiges freólse of the festival of Sunday, L. C. S. 45; Th. i. 402, 8. On háligdagum sabbatis, Mk. Skt. Lind. 3, 2. [A. R. halidei: Piers P. halidai.]
hálig-dóm, es; m. I. holiness, sanctity; sanctimonia :-- Háligdóm sanctimonia, Rtl. l00, 11. Mycel is se háligdóm and seó weorþung sancte Iohannes great is the sanctity and worthiness of St. John, Blickl. Homl. 167, 16. Búton ða heánesse ðæs háligdómes nisi excellentia sanctitatis, Past. 18, 3; Swt. 133, 14: 57; Swt. 439, 23. II. holy things, relics, holy work, a sacrament :-- Háligdóm sacramentum, Mk. Skt. p. 5, 11. On ðone Drihten ðe ðes háligdóm is fore hálig by the Lord, before whom these relics are holy, L. O. 1; Th. i. 178, 3, 12. Wé sceolon on ðissum dagum fyligan úrum háligdóme út and inn on these days we ought to follow our relics out and in, Homl. Th. i. 246, 28. Ðæt hig bereáfodan æt háligdome and æt eallon þingan they plundered the monastery of the relics and of every thing, Chr. 1055; Erl. 188, 40. On ðam háligdóme swerian to swear on the relics, L. Eth. 3, 2; Th. i. 292; 14: Th. Chart. 610, 31: Chr. 1131; Erl. 260, 10. Ðýlæs ǽnig unclǽnsod dorste on swá micelne háligdóm fón ðære clænan ðegnenga ðæs sacerd hádes ne aut non purgatus adire quisque sacra ministeria audeat, Past. 7, 1; Swt. 51, 1. Tó háligdóm dínre gesibsumnesse tó ásend ad sacramentum tuæ reconciliationis admitte, Lye. Þurh hálgum háligdóm Drihtnes líchaman and blódes per sacrosanctum sacramentum Domini corporis ac sanguinis, Lye. Háligdóm and hálige béc handligan reliquias et sacros libros manu tractare, L. Ecg. P. 3, 4; Th. ii. 196, 27: 12; Th. ii. 200, 7. Háligdóm and hádas and gehálgode Godes hús man sceal weorþian georne holy things and holy orders and the hallowed houses of God must be zealously honoured, L. Eth. 7, 28; Th. i. 336, 1: 24, Th. i. 334, 23: L. E. B. 1; Th. ii. 240, 9. Wé lǽraþ ðæt ealle ða þingc ðe weofode neáh beón, and tó cirican gebyrian, beón swíðe clǽnelíce and wurþlíce behworfene, and dǽr ǽnig þingc fúles neáh ne cume; ac gelogige man ðone háligdóm swíðe árwurþlíce we enjoin, that all the things which are near the altar, and belong to the church, be very cleanly and worthily appointed, and where nothing foul may come near them; but let the holy things be very reverently arranged, L. Edg. C. 42; Th. ii. 252, 23-6. Þurh ealne ðane háligdóm ðe ic on Róme for mé and for ealne þeódscype gesóhte by all the relics that I sought out in Rome for myself and for all the nation, Th. Chart. I17, 10. III. a holy place, sanctuary :-- Ðínne háligdóm sanctuarum tuum, Ps. Lamb. 73, 7. Hé getimbrade his háligdóm ædificavit sanctificium suum, 77, 69. Tó ðæs háligdómes dura to the door of the sanctuary, Ex. 21, 6. Tóweard ðam háligdóme toward the sanctuary, Chr. 1083; Erl. 217, 20. Án is mid ðæs kynges háligdóme, óðer is mid Leófríce eorle and ðæt þridde is mid ðam bisceop one [of the writings] is in the king's sanctuary, a second is with earl Leofric, and the third is with the bishop, Th. Chart. 372, 29: 541, 25: 571, 20. [Laym. halidom relic: Orm. haliʒdom holiness; pl. sacred things: Icel. helgir dómar relics; helgidómr a sanctuary: O. H. Ger. heiligtuom sacramentum, sanctuarium: Ger. heiligthum sacred thing, relic, sanctuary.]
hálig-ern, es; n. A holy place, sanctuary :-- Háligern sanctuarium, Blickl. Gl. Háliern sacellum, Hpt. Gl. 482. On ðam hálierne in the holy place, Ex. 29, 30.
hálig-mónaþ, -mónþ, es; m. Holy month, September :-- On ðæm nigoþan mónþe on geáre biþ xxx daga se mónaþ hátte on léden septembris and on úre geþeóde háligmónaþ for ðon ðe úre yldran ðá ðá hí hǽðene wǽron on ðam mónþe hí guldon hiora deófolgeldum in the ninth month in the year there are thirty days. The month is called in Latin September, and in our language holy month, because our ancestors, when they were heathen, sacrificed to their idols in that month, Shrn.124, 28-31: 136, 27. Háligmónþ, Menol. Fox 325; Men. 164. [Bede, De temporum ratione, c. 13, gives Halegmonath as the native equivalent of September, v. Grmm. Gesch. D. S. 56 sqq.]
hálig-nes, -ness, e; f. I. holiness, sanctity :-- Hálygnyss sanctitas, Ælfc. Gr. 5; Som. 5, 22. Hálignys on hálignysse hys sanctimonia in sanctificatione ejus, Ps. Spl. 95, 6. On rihtwísnesse and on hálignesse in righteousness and in holiness, Blickl. Homl. 31, 36: 155, 31. On hálignesse in sanctitate, Lk. Skt. 1, 75: Ps. Th. 88, 32. II. a holy thing, relic :-- Seó hálignis the relic, St. And. 42, 7. Ic háte ðé Veronix ðæt ðú ágif mé ða hálignysse ðe ðú myd ðé hæfst. Veronix him ðá swýðe wiðsóc and sǽde, ðæt heó náne hálignyssa myd hyre næfde I command thee, Veronica, that thou give up to me the relic that thou hast with thee. Then Veronica vehemently refused and said that she had no relics with her, 40, 31-4. III. a holy place, sanctuary :-- Gecwǽdon ðæt hí hálignesse Godes gesettan dixerunt, possideamus sanctuarium Dei, Ps. Th. 82, 9. Hálignessa sindon tó griðleáse sanctuaries are too unprotected, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 106, 41. Inngongende and útgongende beforan Gode tó ðám hálignessum quando ingreditur et egreditur sanctuarium in conspectu Domini, Past. 15, 4; Swt. 93, 7. [O. H. Ger. heilagnissa sanctificatio, sanctitas.] Cf. hálig-dóm.
hálig-rift, -reft, -ryft, e; f. A holy garment, veil. :-- Háligryft theristrum, Hpt. Gl. 525. Hió an hyre betsþ háliryft she gives her best veil, Th. Chart. 538, 7. Heó ðǽr háligryfte onféng accepto velamine sanctimonialis habitus, Bd. 4, 19; S. 587, 42: Shrn. 94, 25: Lchdm. iii. 430, 26. Sca hylda wæs xxxiii geára on lǽwedum háde and xxxiii geára under háligryfte St. Hilda was for thirty-three years in the world and for thirty-three years in the cloister, Shrn. 149, 5. Effigenia is ðæs Heofenlícan Cynges brýd and mid háligrefte gehálgod Effigenia is the bride of the Heavenly King, and hallowed with the veil, Homl. Th. ii. 476, 32. Mathéus léde háligreft ofer hire heáfod Matthew placed a veil on her head, 478, 5.
hálig-wæcca, an; m. One who observes vigils :-- Beón eáðmóde and ælmysfulle and háligwæccan ut humiles simus et eleemosynis largi et sanctarum vigiliarum studiosi, L. Ecg. P. 4, 64; Th. ii. 224, 27.
hálig-wæter, es; n. Holy water :-- Sumne dǽl ðæs háligwæteres de aqua benedicta, Bd. 5, 4; S. 617, 19: L. Ath. 4, 7; Th. i. 226, 24: L. M. 1, 64; Lchdm. ii. 138, 28. Mid háligwætere with holy water, 62; Lchdm. ii. 136, 4. On háligwætre in holy water, 45, 1; Lchdm. ii. 110, 14.
hálig-wares, -ware; pl. Holy people, saints :-- Þerh múþe háligwara per os sanctorum, Lk. Skt. Lind. 1, 70. Hálgwara sanctorum, Rtl. 45, 1. [Cf. hálga-waras.]
hálor salvation :-- From hálor áhwyrfan, oncyrran to turn, seduce from salvation, Exon. 70 b; Th. 262, 3; Jul. 327: 71 a; Th. 264, 6; Jul. 360: 72 a; Th. 268, 30; Jul. 440.
háls, e; f. Health, salvation :-- Ðæt hǽlubearn háls eft forgeaf that saviour-child gave salvation again, Exon. 16 a; Th. 37, 3; Cri. 587. [Icel. heilsa health.] v. heáls-bóc.
hálsere, es; m. An exorcist :-- Hálsere exorcista, L. Ecg. C. 41; Th. ii. 166, 21: Rtl. 194, 5. [O. H. Ger. heilisari augur, aruspex.] v. hálsian.
hálsian, heálsian [Ettmüller connects this verb in the sense obsecrare with hals, and writes halsian, healsian; the forms in which ea occurs seem to favour this writing, while reference to cognate dialects seems to point to á] To beseech, entreat, implore, adjure, conjure, exorcise :-- Ic hálsige and bidde ðone gelǽredan ðæt hé ðæt ús ne wíte I beseech and beg the learned not to blame us for it, Guthl. prol; Gdwin. 2, 10: Blickl. Homl. 57, 33. Ic hálsige ðé þurh ðone lifiendan God adjuro te per Deum vivum, Mt. Kmbl. 26, 63: Exon. 72 a; Th. 269, 6; Jul. 446: Blickl. Homl. 151, 22. Ic eów hálsige scucna englas ðæt gé leng ne beran I adjure you, devils' angels, that ye bear him no longer, 189, 7. Ic ðé hálsige for ðínre þeówene Sancta Marian I entreat thee for the sake of thy servant Saint Mary, 89, 17: Exon. 73 b; Th. 274, 26; Jul. 539: Cd. 222; Th. 290, 28; Sat. 422. Ic ðé heálsige I beseech thee, Bt. 22, 2; Fox 78, 10. Ic heálsige obsecro, Past. 18, 6; Swt. 137, 17. Ic hálsigo ðec exorcizo te, Rtl. 100, 27: 117, 34. Exorcista is on Englisc se ðe mid áþe hálsaþ ða áwyrgedan gástas ðe wyllaþ menn dreccan þurh ðæs Hǽlendes naman ðæt hý ða menn forlǽton exorcista is in English he who with oath conjures the accursed spirits that will torment men, in the Saviour's name to leave those men, L. Ælfc. C. 13; Th. ii. 348, 1. Hé ðone unlybban on Godes naman hálsode he exorcised the poison, Homl. Th. i. 72, 24. For ðam ðe hé hálsode Israhéla bearn for he had strictly sworn the children of Israel, Ex. 13, 19. Hé hie heálsade he entreated them, Ors. 4, 6; Swt. 178, 14: Beo. Th. 4270; B. 2132. Fæder and módor hálsedon hí dæt hí forlétan ðone cristes geleáfan father and mother implored them to forsake the faith of Christ, Shrn. 92, 13. Heálsa hine suá suá ðínne fæder obsecra ut patrem, Past. 25; Swt. 181, 2. On wigbedde tó hálsienne in altari ad augurandum, Cot. 17, Lye. [Laym. A. R. halsien: Chauc. halse: O. H. Ger. heilison augurari: cf. Icel. heilsa to salute, greet.] v. gehalsian [where read ge-hálsian] and hálsung.
hálsigend, es; m. An exorcist :-- Exorcista is hálsigend, L. Ælf. P. 34; Th. ii. 378, 6.
hálsigendlíc, hálsiendlíc; adj. That may be entreated :-- Hálsiendlíc deprecabilis, Ps. Spl. M. 89, 15.
hálsigendlíce, hálsiendlíce; adv. Importune, Greg. Dial. 1, 2, Lye.
hálsung, heálsung, e; f. Supplication, beseeching, entreaty, adjuration, exorcising, exorcism, augury, greeting[?] :-- Micel is seó hálsung and mǽre is seó hálgung ðe deófla áfyrsaþ great is the exorcising and greater is the hallowing that drives away devils, L. C. E; Th. i. 360, 28. Hálsung exorcismus, Mone Gl. 414. Mid wépendre hálsunga hine bǽdon with weeping supplication prayed him, Blickl. Homl. 87, 8. Hé breác ealdre heálsunge vetere usus augurio, Bd. 1, 25; S. 486, 40. On hálsunge in auspicium, 2, 9; S. 510, 13. Mid eárum onfóh míne hálsunge auribus percipe obsecrationem meam, Ps. Th. 142, 1. Hálsunga dóþ obsecrationes faciunt, Lk. Skt. 5, 33. Se ðe hálsunga behealdaþ quicunque exorcismos observat, L. Ecg. C. 29, note; Th. ii. 154, 29. Hie [the rich] hæfdon oforgedrync and dyslíce and unrǽdlíce hálsunga they had excessive drinking and foolish and thoughtless greetings[?], Blickl. Homl. 99, 21. On hálsungum in obsecrationibus, Lk. Skt. 2, 37. On hálsungum precibus, L. Ecg. C. 2; Th. ii. 136, 19. [A. R. halsung supplication: O. H. Ger. heilisunga omen, auspicium: cf.[?] Icel. heilsan greeting.]
hálsung-gebed, es; n. Litany, R. Ben. 9, Lye.
háls-wurþung, e; f. A celebration because of safety, Cd. 171; Th. 215, 11; Exod. 581. v. háls.
hál-wenda, an; m. A saviour :-- Míne eágan habbaþ gesewen ðínne Hálwendan. Se hálwenda ðe hé embe spræc is úre Hǽlend Crist se ðe com tó gehǽlenne úre wunda ðæt sindon úre synna mine eyes have seen thy Saviour [viderunt oculi mei salutare tuum]. The Saviour that he spoke about is Jesus Christ who came to heal our wounds, that is, our sins, Homl. Th. i. 142, 32: 136, 21. [Cf. Hǽlend.]
hál-wende; adj. Conducive to health, salutary, healing, wholesome :-- Ðes hálwenda hic saluber, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 18; Som. 9, 64. Ðín word is hálwende thy word is salutary, Ps. Th. 118, 103. Hálwoende ðín salutare tuum, Lk. Skt. Lind. 2, 30. Se middangeard wæs mannum hálwende the earth was healthful for men, Blickl. Homl. 115, 8: 209, 10. Ðisse sylfan wyrte sǽd on wíne gedruncen is hálwende ongeán áttres drync the seed of this same plant is wholesome against a draught of poison, Herb. 142, 6; Lchdm. i. 264, 13: 157, 2; Lchdm. i. 284, 10. Hit is háluwende bóte it is a healing remedy, 374, 24. Wé mágon eów sellan hálwende geþeahte hwæt gé dón mágon possumus salubre vobis dare consilium quid agere valeatis, Bd. 1, 1; S. 474, 14. Seó tunge ðe swá monig hálwende word gesette illa lingua quæ tot salutaria verba composuerat, 4, 24; S. 599, 11. Háte baþu ðe wǽron hálwende gecwedene ádligendum líchaman hot baths that were said to be salutary for diseased bodies, Homl. Th. i. 86, 21. Ða hálwendan men the men who taught a saving faith, the disciples, Blickl. Homl. 117, 8. Swá se lǽcedóm yldra byþ swá hé hálwendra byþ the older the medicine is the more healing it is, Herb. 130, 3; Lchdm. i. 242, 5.
hál-wendlíc; adj. Salutary, healthful :-- Ðæs Hǽlendes tócyme wæs hálwendlíc ǽgðer ge mannum ge englum the Saviour's advent was salutary for both men and angels, Homl. Th. i. 214, 22: ii. 220, 20: 564, 7. Him se bisceop hálwendlíce geþeaht forþbrohte the bishop proposed to them salutary counsel, Blickl. Homl. 205, 18.
hál-wendlíce; adv. Salutarily :-- Hálwoendlíce salubriter, Rtl. 9, 29. Se ylca Hǽlend ðe nú hálwendlíce clypaþ on his godspelle the same Saviour that now cries out salutarily in his gospel, Homl. Th. i. 94, 9.
hál-wendnes, -ness, e; f. Salubrity :-- Hibernia ge on brǽdo his stealles ge on hálwendnesse ge on smyltnysse lyfta is betere mycle ðonne Breotone land Hibernia et latitudine sui status et salubritate ac serenitate aerum multum Brittaniæ præstat, Bd. 1, 1; S. 474, 29.
ham, hom, es; m. A covering, garment, shirt :-- Ham camisa, Wrt. Voc. 288, 48. [Icel. hamr a skin.] v. hama. DER. byrn-, fyrd-, scír-ham.
ham, hom, hamm, e; f. The ham, the inner or hind part of the knee :-- Hamm poples, hamma suffragines, Ælfc. Gl. 75; Som. 71, 84, 83; Wrt. Voc. 44, 66, 65. Ham poples, 71, 50. Monegum men gescrincaþ his fét tó his homme ... gebeðe ða hamma with many a man the feet shrink up to the ham ... warm the hams, L. M. 1, 26; Lchdm. ii. 68, 3-5. [A. R. mid hommen iuolden with bent knees: Icel. höm the ham or haunch of a horse: O. H. Ger. hamma poples, suffrago.]
ham, hom; gen. hammes; m. A dwelling, fold, or enclosed possession. 'It is so frequently coupled with words implying the presence of water as to render it probable that, like the Friesic hemmen, it denotes a piece of land surrounded with paling, wicker-work, etc., and so defended against the stream, which would otherwise wash it away.' Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. xxvii, where see instances of the occurrence of the word in local names. It occurs as an independent word in the following passages :-- Ðonne geúðe ic Ælfwine and Beortulfe ðes hammes be norþan ðære littlan díc, iii. 421, 15. Of ðam beorg tó Cwichemhamme; of ðam hamme, v. 157, 24. Ðonne up on æscméres hammas súþewearde; of ðán hammum, 338, 32; Ða hammas ða ðér mid rihte tógebyriaþ, 383, 18.
hám, es; m. Home, house, abode, dwelling, residence, habitation, house with land, estate, property; domus, domicilium, prædium, villa, mansio, possessio :-- Se hám is gefylled mid heofonlícum gástum that abode [heaven] is filled with heavenly spirits, Blickl. Homl. 25, 33: 9, 7. Ðes atola hám this horrid abode [hell], Cd. 215; Th. 270, 26; Sat. 96. Tó cyniges háme ad mansionem regiam, L. R. S. 1; Th. i. 432, 7: Shrn. 187, 7, 22. Ðá gerád Æþelwald ðone hám æt Winburnan ... and sæt binnan ðæm hám mid ðǽm monnum ðe him tó gebugon and hæfde ealle ða geatu forworht then Ethelwald rode and occupied the residence at Winborne and sat within with those men that had joined him, and he had blockaded all the entrances, Chr. 901; Erl. 96, 26-30. Mínre yldstan déhter ðæne hám æt Welewe and ðære gingestan ðone hám æt Welig to my eldest daughter the vill at Wellow, and to the youngest the vill at Welig, Th. Chart. 488, 29-33. Gif cyning æt mannes hám drincæþ if the king drink at a man's house, L. Eth. 3; Th. i. 4, 1: L. H. E. 15; Th. i. 32, 17: L. Alf. pol. 21; Th. i. 76, 1. Hælend com tó Lazares hám Jesus had come to the home of Lazarus, Blickl. Homl. 69, 21. Ðá Noe ongan hám staðelian then began Noah to establish his home, Cd. 75; Th. 94, 4; Gen. 556. In hús fadores mínes hámas meniga sint in domo patris mei mansions multæ sunt, Jn. Skt. Lind. 14, 2: 23. Nǽron ðá welige hámas there were not then splendid mansions, Bt. 15; Fox 48, 4. Wæs forðon hæbbend monigra hámas erat enim habens multas possessiones, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 19, 22. Hig cíptun ealle hire hámas vendebant omnia prædia sua, Gen. 47, 20. On hira hámon in possessionibus suis, 48, 6. Se cyng him wel gegifod hæfde on hámon and on golde and seolfre and forbærndon Tegntún and eác fela óðra gódra háma ... and ðone hám æt Peonhó ... and ðone hám æt Wealthám and óðra cotlífa fela the king had given him many gifts oft vills and of gold and silver. And they burned down Teignton and many other good vills too ..., and the vill at Penhoc ..., and the vill at Waltham, and many other hamlets, Chr. 1001; Erl. 136, 16-32. Ðǽr hé rád betwih his hámum oððe túnum equitantem inter civitates sive villas, Bd. 2, 16; S. 520, 10. Abbud of Peortaneá ðam hám Abbas de Monasterio Peartanea, S. 519, 28. Æt hám domi, Mk. Skt. 9, 33: Lk. Skt. 9, 61. Ðú nére æt hám you were not at home, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iv. 26, 9. Hám, acc. is used adverbially after verbs of motion :-- Ðá hé hám com cum venisset domum, Mt. Kmbl. 9, 28. Hig cyrdon ealle hám reversi sunt unusquisque in domum suam, Jn. Skt. 7, 53. Ðá se cing lýfde eallon Myrceon hám the king allowed all the Mercians to go home, Chr. 1049; Erl. 172, 37: 1066; Erl. 200, 9. [Goth. haims; f. a village: O. Sax. hém a dwelling-place: Icel. heimr an abode, world, this world: heim; adv. home: O. H. Ger. haim domus, domicilium, patria; haim; adv: Ger. heim.]
-hám, es; m. 'The Latin word which appears most nearly to translate it is vicus, and it seems to be identical in form with the Greek κώμη. In this sense it is the general assemblage of the dwellings in each particular district, to which the arable land and pasture of the community were appurtenant, the home of all the settlers in a separate and well defined locality, the collection of the houses of the freemen. Whenever we can assure ourselves that the vowel is long, we may be certain that the name implies such a village or community,' Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. xxviii-ix. The distinction between -ham and -hám seems to have been lost before the Norman Conquest, as in the Chronicle one MS. has tó Buccingahamme, another tó Buccingahám, 918; Th. i. 190, col. 1, 2, l. 21. [Icel. -heimr, e.g. Álf-heimr the abode of the elves: O. H. Ger. -heim.]
hama, homa, an; m. A covering. [Prompt. Parv. hame thyn skynne of an eye, or other like: K. Alis. dragoun's hame (cf. Icel. hams a snake's slough): O. Sax. O. H. Ger. hamo in compounds: and cf. O. H. Ger. hemidi camisa, vestimentum.] v. ham. DER. byrn-, cild-, feðer-, flǽsc-, gold-, grǽg-, heort-, líc-, wuldor-hama.
háma, an; m. A cricket; cicada, Wrt. Voc. 281, 48. [O. H. Ger. heimo cicada, grillus: Ger. heime, heimchen cricket.] v. Grmm. D. M. 1222.
hamacgaþ [?] :-- Se ðe gelíþ raðe hé hamacgaþ he who takes to his bed will quickly be up again, Lchm. iii. 184, 21.
hám-bringan; pp. -broht To bring a wife home, marry :-- Ne hí beóþ hámbroht ne geǽwnode neque nubentur, Mone Gl. 357. [Cf. O. H. Ger. heimbringa Grff. 3, 201.]
hám-cúþ; adj. Familiar :-- Ða hámcúþa stówa familiaria loca, Mt. Kmbl. p. 11, 1.
hám-cyme, es; m. A coming home, return :-- Æfter twegra geára ymbryne after ðæs wælhreówan hámcyme after two years had elapsed after the return of the cruel tyrant, Homl. Th. i. 80, 31. [Will. homkome: Icel. heim-kváma, -koma return home.]
hamele, hamule, an; f. An oar-loop, but the word occurs only in a phrase, which may be borrowed from the Scandinavian. Icel. hamsa an oar-loop, is used in the phrase, til hömlu = per man [v. Cl. and Vig. Dict.], and apparently with the same meaning we get Chr. 1039; Erl. 167, 15, 21 :-- On his dagum man geald xvi scipan æt ǽlcere hamulan viii marc eall swá man ǽr dyde on Cnutes cynges dagum ... Ðá hí gerǽdden ðet man geald lxii scipon æt ǽlcere hamelan viii marc in his days sixteen ships were paid, eight marks to each of the crew, just as before was done in king Cnut's days ... Then they decided that sixty-two ships should be paid, to each man eight marks. William of Malmesbury says twenty marks were paid to the soldiers of each vessel, ii. 12. Florence of Worcester, Chr. 1040, says eight marks to each rower, and twelve to the steersman, 'octo marcas unicuique suæ classis remigi et xii unicuique gubernatori præcepit dependi.'
hamelian; p. ode; pp. od To mutilate :-- Sume man hamelode some were mutilated, Chr. 1036; Erl. 164, 38. [Chauc. a foot is hameled of thi sorwe, Tr. and Cr. 2, 138: hamling the operation of cutting the balls out of the feet of dogs, Hall. Dict. where see also hamel: Icel. hamla to mutilate :-- Sumir vóru hamlaðir at höndum eða fótum some had their hands or feet cut off: O. H. Ger. bi-hamalon mutilare, pe-hamaloter mutilatus, Grff. iv. 945.]
hamer, homer, hamor, es; m. A hammer :-- Hamor porticulus, Ælfc. Gr. 104; Som. 78, 13; Wrt. Voc. 56, 59. Cf. porticulus a maylat, 275, 1. 'Porticulus, malleus in manu portatus quo signum detur remigantibus,' Du Cange. Heoru hamere geþuren the sword forged by the hammer, Beo. Th. 2575; B. 1285. Carcernes dura hamera geweorc the doors of the prison, the work of hammers, Andr. Kmbl. 2155; An. 1079. Homra, Exon. 69 a; Th. 256, 25; Jul. 237. Homera láfe with the sword, 102 b; Th. 388,14; Rä. 6, 7: Chr. 937; Erl. 112, 6. [O. Sax. hamur: Icel. hamarr: O. H. Ger. hamar: Ger. hammer.] v. Grmm. D. M. 165. DER. scip-hamor.
hamer-secg, humor-, es; m. Hammer-sedge, L. M. i. 56, 2; Lchdm. ii. 126, 19.
hamer-wyrt, hamor-, e; f. Black hellebore, Lchdm. iii. 330, col. 1: ii. 390, col. 1.
hámettan; p. te To provide with a home, to house :-- Denewulf bisceop lýfde Beornulfe his mége ðæt he, móste ða inberðan menn hámettan tó Ebblesburnan nú hebbe ic hí hámet bishop Denewulf allowed Beornulf his kinsman to house the inborn people at Ebblesburn. I have now housed them, Th. Chart. 152, 3-7. v. ge-hámettan.
hám-færeld, es; n. A going home :-- Ðá Antigones ðæt ongeat ðá forlét hé ðæt setl; ac Ymenis him wénde fram Antigones hámfæreld micelra untreówþa when Antigonus heard that he abandoned the siege: but Eumenes anticipated for himself great treachery from Antigonus' going home, Ors. 3, 11; Bos, 73, 21. [Cf. Icel. heim-ferð, -för a going home: O. H. Ger. heim-fart.]
hám-fæst; adj. Resident, dwelling at home :-- Hú mæg ðǽr ðonne ánes ríces monnes nama cuman ðonne ðǽr mon furðum ðære burge naman ne geheórþ ne ðære þeóde ðe he on hámfæst biþ how can one great man's name come there, when the name of the town even and of the people among whom he dwells is not heard there, Bt. 18, 2; Fox 64, 3: L. Ed. 1; Th. i. 158, 22. Gif mon becume on his gefán and hé hine ǽr hámfæstne ne wite si quis superveniat in hostem suum, et eum antea residentem nesciat, L. Alf. pol. 42; Th. i. 90, 15. [Cf. hám-sittende.]
hám-faru, e; f. Forcible entry into a man's house; the same as hám-sócn, q. v. [Trev. hamfare :-- 'Hamsokene oðer Hamfare a rese imade in house, a fray made in an howse,' ii. 95: Icel. heim-för an inroad.]
hám-hæn, -henn, e; f. A domestic fowl, L. M. 2, 37; Lchdm. ii. 244, 25.
hám-leás; adj. Homeless :-- Sceal hámleás hweorfan it must wander homeless, Exon. 110 a; Th. 420, 25; Rä. 40, 9.
hám-scir, e; f. The office of an ædile; ædilitas, officium ædile, Cot. 71, Lye.
ham-scyld [?], L. Eth. 32; Th. i. 12, 1, where see note. Leo in his work on Anglo-Saxon Names quotes a passage from Richthofen in which skeld occurs in the sense of fence; so that the crime referred to in the passage would be the breaking through the fence which surrounded the ham. v. the translation of Leo, p. 40, note 2.
hám-sittende; part. Sitting, dwelling at home, resident :-- Wé beódaþ se mon se ðe his gefán hámsittendne wite ðæt hé ne feohte ǽrðam ðe hé him ryhtes bidde we command that the man who knows his foe to be dwelling at his home fight not before he demand justice, L. Alf. pol. 42; Th. i. 90, 2: Cd. 209; Th. 259, 6; Dan. 687: Andr. Kmbl. 1372; An. 686: Cd. 86; Th. 108, 33; Gen. 1815. [O. Sax. hém-sittiandi.]
hám-sócn, e; f. Attack on a man's house; also the fine paid for such a breach of the peace. The following passage will illustrate the character of the offence :-- ' Hamsocna, quod domus invasionem Latine sonat, fit pluribus modis, extrinsecus vel et intrinsecus accidenciis. Hamsocna est, si quis alium in sua vel alterius domo cum haraido assaliaverit vel persequatur, ut portam vel domum sagittet vel lapidet vel colpum ostensibilem undecunque faciat. Hamsocna est, vel hamfare, si quis premeditate ad domum eat, ubi hostem suum esse scit, et ibi eum invadat, si die vel nocte hoc faciat; et qui aliquem in molinum vel ovile fugientem prosequitur, hamsocna judicatur. Si in curia vel domo, sedicione orta, bellum eciam subsequatur, et quivis alium fugientem in aliam domum infuget, si ibi duo tecta sint, hamsocna reputetur,' L. H. 80, 10, 11; Th. i. 587, 14-25. Other passages in the earlier laws and charters are :-- Wé cwǽdon be hámsócnum seðe hit ofer ðis dó ðæt hé þolige ealles ðæs ðe áge and sí on cyninges dóme hwæðer hé líf áge we have ordained respecting 'ham-socns' that he who shall commit it after this forfeit all that he owns, and that it be in the king's judgment whether he have his life, L. Edm. S. 6; Th. i. 250, 9: L. Eth. 4, 4; Th. i. 301, 18. Ðis syndon ða gerihta ðe se cyning áh ofer ealle men on Wesseaxan ðæt is hámsócne these are the rights which the king has over all men in Wessex that is [the fines for] 'ham-socn,' L. C. S. 12; Th. i. 382, 13, see the note: 15; Th. i. 384, 6: Th. Chart. 333, 32: 359, 4: 369, 14. Gif hwá hámsócne gewyrce gebéte ðæt mid fíf pundan ðam cyningce if any one commit 'ham-socn,' let him pay a fine of five pounds to the king, 63; Th. i. 408, 27. [Scot. hame-sucken the crime of beating or assaulting a person within his own house: Icel. heim-sókn an inroad or attack on one's home: O. Frs. ham-, hem-sekenge attack on one's house.] v. sécan, in its sense of to seek with a hostile intent.
hám-steall, es; m. A homestead, residence :-- On his hámstealle at his homestead, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 255, 9. Ðane hámstal ðet hé on set the homestead at which he resides, iv. 133, 8. [Homestall a homestead, Hall. Dict: a mansion, seat in the country, Bailey.]
hám-stede, es; m. A homestead :-- Tó hámstede to the homestead, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 77, 7. v. p. xxxviii s. v. stede for compounds in which the word occurs. [O. Frs. heem-steed domicile: cf. Icel. heimstöð a homestead.]
Hám-tún [or Ham-tún?] Hampton, a common local name, used for both the present Northampton, Chr. 917, Erl. 102, 12; and Southampton, Chr. 981; Erl. 129, 36: for other towns see the index to Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. vol. vi.
Hámtún-scir, e; f. Hampshire, Chr. 1001; Erl. 136, 5.
hám-weard; adv. Homeward, in the direction of home; domum versus, retro :-- Ðá heó hámwerd wæs when it was on its way home, H. R. 103, 24. Ðá hý hámweard wǽron when they were on the way home, Ors. 4, 6; Bos. 85, 38, Égeas wearþ gelǽht fram atelícum deófle hámwerd be wege ǽrðan hé tó húse cóme Ægeas was seized by a horrible devil on the way home, before he came to his house, Homl. Th. i. 598, 23. Æþelwulf ðá him hámweard fór Ethelwulf then journeyed homeward, Chr. 855; Erl. 68, 29: 885; Erl. 82, 30. Se esne hig hámweard lǽdde tó his hláforde the servant brought her home to his lord, Gen. 24, 61.
hám-weardes; adv. Homewards :-- Sió óðeru fierd wæs hámweardes the other force was returning home, Chr. 894; Erl. 91, 1. [O. H. Ger. heimwartes domum versus: Ger. heimwärts.]
hám-weorþung, e; f. Honour or ornament to the house or home :-- Eofore forgeaf ángan dóhtor hámweorþunge he gave Eofor his only daughter, an ornament of his home, Beo. Th. 5988; B. 2998.
hám-weorud, es; n. The body of people connected with a 'ham;' vicani :-- Ðá com hé tó sumum húse on ǽfentíd and eode on ðæt hús ðǽr ðæt hámweorud eall tó symble gesomnod wæs pervenit ad vicum quendam vespere intravitque in domum in qua vicani cænantes epulabantur, Bd. 3, 10; S. 534, 26.
hám-wyrt, e; f. Home-wort; sempervivum tectorum, L. M. 3, 41; Lchdm. ii. 336, 4: 1, 1; Lchdm. ii. 18, 19: 1, 40; Lchdm. ii.104,14.
hana, an; m. A cock :-- Se hana creów gallus cantavit, Mk. Skt. 14, 68, 30, 72. [Goth. hana: O. Sax. hano: Icel. hani: O. H. Ger. hano: Ger. hahn.]
han-créd, -crǽd, hon-, es; m. Cock-crowing, cock-crow, a division of the night :-- Hancréd conticinium vel gallicinium, Ælfc. Gl. 94; Som. 75. 122; Wrt.Voc. 53, 4. Seó niht hæfþ seofan dǽlas ... fífta is gallicinium ðæt is hancréd the night has seven divisions ... the fifth is gallicinium, that is, cock-crow, Lchdm. iii. 244, 4. Hér wæs se móna áþístrod betwux hancréd and dagunge in this year the moon was eclipsed between cock-crow and dawn, Chr. 795; Erl. 59, 25. On ǽfen ðe on midre nihte ðe on hancréde ðe on morgen sero, an media nocte, an galli cantu an mane, Mk. Skt. 13. 35: Bd. 4, 23; S. 595, 27: Homl. Th. i. 74, 21. Honcréd, Exon. 99 a; Th. 370, 32; Seel. 68. Ðone drenc on þreó þicge æt ðám þrím honcrédum let him take the drink at three times at the three cock-crowings, L. M. 2, 65, 2; Lchdm. ii. 294, 5. Se cyning embe forman hancréd út gangende wæs the king about the first cock-crowing was going out, Lchdm. iii. 424, 34. Ðá com se Hǽlend embe ðone feórþan hancréd quarta autem vigilia noctis venit Iesus, Mt. Kmbl. 14, 25. [O. Sax. hano-krád: O. H. Ger. hana-crát gallicinium, galli cantus.]
hand, hond, a; f. HAND, side, power, control [cf. mund]; used also of the person from whom an action proceeds :-- Hand manus, Wrt. Voc. 64, 73. Middeweard hand vola vel tenar vel ir, Ælfc. Gl. 72; Som. 70, 130; Wrt. Voc. 43. 54. Ðín seó, swýðre hand dextera tua, Ps. Th. 59, 5. Ðǽr unc hwíle wæs hand gemǽne there for a time we two had a hand to hand struggle [cf. Ger. handgemein werden to fight hand to hand], Beo. Th. 4281; B. 2137. Sette Ephraim on his swíðran hand ðæt wæs on Israhéles wynstran hand and Manasses on his winstran hand ðæt wæs on Israhéles swíðran healfe he placed Ephraim on his right hand, that was on Israel's left hand, and Manasseh on his left hand, that was on Israel's right hand, Gen. 48, 13. Seó hǽlo his ðære swýðran handa salus dextera ejus, Ps. Th. 19, 6. Gif hé heáhre handa dyntes onféhþ if he receives a right[?] hand blow [cf. Icel. hægri hönd the right hand, and see note on the passage for other translations. The analogy with the Icelandic, it may be observed, is not perfect, since the English does not (as in the case of swíðre) use the comparative; so that the phrase may perhaps refer to the hand being raised for defence; or the reference may be to the upraised hand of the striker], L. Eth. 58; Th. i. 18, 1. God álýsde hí láðum of handa quos redemit de manu inimici, 106, 2. Tó onfónne æt bisceopes handa to receive at the hand of the bishop, L. C. E. 22; Th. i. 374, 3: Chr. 942; Erl. 116, 22. Æt Seaxena handa forwurðan to perish at the hand of the Saxons, 605; Erl. 21, 29. Mid brádre hand slógan smote with open hand, Blickl. Homl. 23, 32; Past. 41, 4; Swt. 303, 11. Mid ðære ylcan hand with the same hand, Lchdm. iii. 68, 15. Ða witan ðe ðá néh handa wǽron the 'witan' that were near at hand, Chr. 1l00; Erl. 236, 19. Hand on handa hand in hand, Ap. Th. 19, 18. Ðeóf ðe æt hæbbendre handa gefangen sý a thief who is taken with the stolen property upon him, L. Ath. 1; Th. i. 198, 17. Siððan ic hond and rond hebban mihte since I could lift hand and shield, Beo. Th. 1316: B. 656: Andr. Kmbl. 18; An. 9. Ðǽr wæs micel wæl geslægen on gehwæðre hond there was great slaughter made on either side, Chr. 871; Erl. 74, 12: Byrht. Th. 135; 2; By. 112. On ǽgðera hand on either hand, L. Ath. 1, 23; Th. i. 212, 6. Wið ǽlce hand on all sides, towards every one, L. Ed. 10; Th. i. 164, 18. Ic wille ðæt hit gange on ða nýhstan hand mé I will that it go to the next of kin to me, Th. Chart. 491, 13: 481, 22. Ða witan gerehton ðæt heó sceolde hire fæder hand geclǽnsian be swá miclan feó the 'witan' decided that she should clear her father in respect to so much money; sapientes decreverunt quod ego patrem meum purgare deberem, videlicet sacramento xxx librarum, easdem triginta libras patrem meum persolvisse, 202, 1. Bútan osterlandes béc and hé ða bóc unnendre handa hire tó lét excepto libro de osterlande quem bona voluntate dimisit, 37. Sí mé wuldres hyht hand ofer heáfod may there be to me a hope of glory, hand over head, i.e. without difficulty [hand-over-head thoughtlessly extravagant; careless; at random; plenty, Hall. Dict.], Lchdm. i. 390, 3, 5. Gif mon forstolenne man befó æt óðrum and síe sió hond óðcwolen sió hine sealde ðam men ðe hine mon ætbeféng if a stolen man be attached in another's possession, and the hand [person] be dead that sold him to the man in whose possession he is attached, L. In. 53; Th. i. 134, 17: 136, 2: 75; Th. i. 150, 5: L. Eth. 2, 8; Th. i. 288, 18, 20. His feoh onfón fremde handa diripiant alieni omnes labores ejus, Ps. Th. 108, 11. Handa ðíne manus tuæ, 118, 73. Se ðe ofer ðis fals wyrce þolige ðæra handa ðe he ðæt fals mid worhte he that after this makes counterfeit money, let him lose the hands with which he made the counterfeit, L. C. S. 8; Th. i. 380, 17. Domicianus wearþ ácweald æt his witena handum Domitian was killed by his senators. Homl. Th. i. 60, 4. Gebindan handum and fótum to bind hand and foot, 570, l0. Be heora handum gebundne bound by the hands, Blickl. Homl. 209, 36. Sý ðeós gesetnys ðus hér geendod god helpe mínum handum so let this composition here end, God help my hands, Lchdm. iii. 280, 16. Ealle forgielden ðone wer gemǽnum hondum let them all pay the wergild in common, L. Alf. pol. 31; Th. i. 80, 17: L. E. G. 13; Th. i. 174, 21. Ðá genam Sanctus Martinus hine be his handa then St. Martin took him by the hand, Blickl. Homl. 219, 19. Hit hyre on hand ágeaf gave it into her hand, Judth. 11; Thw. 23, 20; Jud. 130. Ðýlæs ðe eów on hand becume seó leáse gesetnys lest the false account come into your hands, Homl. Th. i. 436, 30. Him ealle on hand eodan ða hǽðnan leóde then all the heathen people submitted to them, Blickl. Homl. 203, 23: Chr. 882; Erl. 82, 13. Gif hig on hand gáþ if they submit, Deut. 20, 11. Ealle ða burgware ne mehton hiene ǽnne geniéddan ðæt hé him an hand gán wolde all the citizens could not force him, though a single man, to yield, Ors. 3, 9; 134, 18. Ðæs wíte on eówre handa geeode on that account punishment came upon you, Ps. 57, 2. Hé ealle gesceafta on his handa hafaþ he hath all creatures in his hand, Blickl. Homl. 121, 15. Se ðe hie on handa hæfþ who has it in his possession, L. Eth. 2, 9; Th. i. 290, 17. Se hæfde his abbotríce s' Iohs of Angeli on hande he held his abbacy of St. John of Angeli, Chr. 1127; Erl. 255, 27, 34: 256, 2. Ealle hé hí oððe wið feó gesealde oððe on his ágenre hand heóld all of them he either sold for money or kept in his own hands, 1100; Erl. 236, 6, 9. Mann sette Ælfgár ðane eorldóm on handa ðe Harold ǽr áhte the earldom that Harold had before was put into Alfgar's hands, 1048; Erl. 180, 29. Se ðe ic hit nú on hand sette he into whose hand I now put it, L. O. 3; Th. i. 180, 3. Se ðe unriht gestreón on his handa stóde he in whose hands was the unjust gain, L. Eth. 2, 9; Th. i. 290, 5: Th. Chart. 369, 7. Þridde gewrit á mid ðam ðe ðæt land on hande stande the third copy always with him in whose possession the land is, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iv. 235, 31. Gyf neód on handa stande if there be present need, L. Edg. H. 2; Th. i. 258, 6. Biþ mannes sunu geseald on synfulra hand the Son of man shall be given into the hands of sinful men, Blickl. Homl. 73, 1. On hand syllan to give a pledge or promise :-- Hé sealde him on hand mid Cristes béc ðæt hé wolde ðísne þeódscype swá wel haldan swá ǽnig kyngc ætforan him betst dyde he promised him on the Gospels that he would rule this people as well as the king who before him had ruled best, Chr. 1066; Erl. 202, 31: 1064; Erl. 196, 1. Slaga sceal his forspecan on hand syllan the slayer shall give pledge to his advocate, L. Edm. S. 7; Th. i. 250, 14: L. Eth. 2, 8; Th. i. 288, 16. Gif hwá his hand on hand sylle if any one deliver himself up, L. Ed. 9; Th. i. 164, 10. Cyricean hyrde tó cristes handa shepherd of the Church for Christ, Blickl. Homl. 171, 7. Ðet land eall ábégdon Willelme tó handa brought all the land in subjection to William, Chr. 1073; Erl. 212, 1. Him becómon swá micele welan tó handa so great wealth came into his hands, Homl. Th. ii. 576, 30. Ic beóde ðe ðat ðú beríde ðás land ðam hǽlge tó hande I enjoin thee that thou perequitate these lands into the possession of the saint, Th. Chart. 369, 22. Swá Ælfríc hig mínre móder tó handa bewiste as Alfric administered it on behalf of my mother [cf. Icel. einum til handa], Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iv. 222, 19: 226, 4. Sý ðæt forworht ðam cyningce tó handa let it be forfeited to the king, L. C. S. 13; Th. i. 382, 20. Tó Godes handa gefrætwod equipped for God, Homl. Th. i. 210, 32. Se cing lét gerídan ealle ða land ðe his módor áhte him tó handa the king had all the lands that his mother owned brought into his own power, Chr. 1043; Erl. 168, 9: Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iv. 222, 6. Drihten gewylt eów ealle þeóda tó handa the Lord will reduce all nations to subjection to you, Deut. 31, 3. Hí cwǽðon ðæt hí him ðet tó handa healdan scoldan they said that they would hold it for him, Chr. 887; Erl. 87, 3: 1036; Erl. 165, 6: L. I. P. 19; Th. ii. 326, 6. Drihten lét hí tó handa ðam hǽðenan leódscipe Madian the Lord delivered them into the hand of Midian, Jud. 6, 1: Chr. 1048; Erl. 180, 9. Hér leót Ceolréd Wulfréde tó hande ðet land of Sempigaham in this year Ceolred let the land of Sempringham to Wulfred, 852; Erl. 67, 33: 1091; Erl. 227, 7, 24: Anal. Th. 126, 14. Gif þeówwealh Engliscne monnan ofslihþ ðonne sceal se ðe hine áh weorpan hine tó honda hláforde if a British slave kill an Englishman, then shall he who owns him give him up to the lord, L. In. 74; Th. i. 148, 15: 56; Th. i. 138, 12: L. Alf. pol. 21; Th. i. 76, 1: 24; Th. i. 78, 10. Gá bisceope under hand arbitrio episcopi se dedat, L. Ecg. P. 4, 52, note; Th. ii. 218, 33. Hí wǽron geseald under sweordes hand tradentur in manus gladii, Ps. Th. 62, 8. Alle þinge ðe hí under honde habben all things that they have in their possession, Th. Chart. 582, 1, 19: Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iv. 268, 32. [Cf. Icel. undir höndum einum in one's power.] Gelǽddon under hand hæleþ hǽðenum déman led the men in subjection to a heathen ruler, Cd. 175; Th. 220, 14; Dan. 71. [Goth. handus: O. Sax. hand: O. Frs. hand, hond: Icel. hönd: O. H. Ger. hant: Ger. hand.] DER. mǽg-, wǽpned-, wíf-hand.
hand [= and(?)] also :-- Ymbe midne dæg and nóntíde Bode se hírédes ealdor út and dyde hand swá gelíce exiit circa sextam, et nonam horam: et fecit similiter, Anal. Th. 74, 4. Hí férdon swá tó Sandwíc and dydon hand ðæt sylfa they went to Sandwich and did just the same, Chr. 1052; Erl. 184, 5.
hand-bæftian, -beaftan, -beoftan; p. -bæftade, -beafte To beat with the hands as an expression of grief[?], to lament :-- Ða ðe gemǽndon and hondbæftadon quæ plangebant et lamantabantur, Lk. Skt. Lind. 23, 27. Wé hondbeafton lamentavimus, 7, 32. [Cf. apon þair brestes fast þai beft, Met. Homl. xviii.] v. beaftan.
hand-bana, -bona, an; m. A murderer, homicide, one who slays with his own hand [αύτόχειρ], Beo. Th. 925; B. 460: 2665; B. 1330: 4997; B. 2502. [O. Sax. hand-bano: Icel. hand-bani the actual slayer.]
hand-bell, e; f. A hand-bell :-- Ðǽr nǽron ǽr búton vii upphangene bella and nú sind xiii upphangene and xii handbella before there were but seven hung-up bells, and now there are thirteen hung-up bells and twelve hand-bells, Th. Chart; 430, 6.
hand-bóc, e; f. A hand-book, manual :-- Hand-bóc manualis, Wrt. Voc. 81, 46. Ða hálgan béc saltere and pistolbóc ... sangbóc and handbóc the holy books: psalter and epistle-book ... book of canticles and manual, L. Ælf. C. 21; Th. ii. 350, 14. [Ger. hand-buch.]
hand-brǽd, -bréd, e; f. A hand's breadth :-- Handbréd vel span palmus, Ælfc. Gl. 72; Som. 70, 127; Wrt. Voc. 43, 52. [Chauc. an hande brede, hondbrede: Prompt. Parv. hands brede palmus: cf. Ger. handbreit, adj.]
hand-bred, es; n. The palm of the hand; palma :-- Ðis handbred hoc ir, Ælfc. Gr. 8; Som. 7, 26. Handbred palma, Ælfc. Gl. 72; Som. 71, 2; Wrt. Voc. 43, 56. Hondbreodo palmas, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 26, 67. Sleánde mid handbredum striking with the palms of their hands, Homl. Th. ii. 248, 13. [O. Frs. hond-brede palma.]
hand-cláþ, es; n. A hand-cloth, towel :-- Ic geseó Godes engel standende ætforan ðé mid, handcláþe, and wípaþ ðíne swátigan limu I see God's angel standing before thee with a handcloth, and he wipes thy sweaty limbs, Homl. Th. i. 426, 30. [Rel. Ant. hand-cloð: Icel. hand-klæði a hand-towel.]
hand-cops, es; m. A handcuf, manacle :-- Handcops manice, Wrt. Voc. 86, 33. Tó gewrídenne cyningas heora on fótcopsum and æðele heora on handcopsum ísynum ad alligandos reges eorum in compedibus et nobiles eorum in manicis ferreis, Ps. Spl. C. 149, 8.
hand-cræft, es; m. Skill or power of the hand, handicraft :-- Ðes lama wædla búton handcræfte Godes beboda gefylde this paralytic pauper without the use of his hands fulfilled God's commands, Homl. Th. ii. 98, 17. Mid his handcræfte with his manual skill [in tent-making], i. 392, 16. Wé lǽraþ ðæt preósta gehwilc tó-eácan láre leornige handcræft georne we enjoin that every priest besides book-learning diligently learn a handicraft, L. Edg. C. 11; Th. ii. 246, 17. Eác him gerísaþ handcræftas góde ðæt man on his híréde cræftas begange good handicrafts are also befitting him, that crafts may be practised in his household, L. I. P. 8; Th. ii. 314, 23. [O. Sax. hand-kraft strength, power of hand.]
hand-cræftig; adj. Mechanicus, Lye.
hand-cweorn, -cwyrn, e; f. A hand-mill :-- Héton hine grindan æt hira handcwyrne ordered him to grind at their mill, Jud. 16, 21. [Icel. hand-kvern.]
hand-dǽd, e; f. Handiwork, Lye. [O. H. Ger. hant-tát opus manuum.]
hand-dǽda, an; m. One who does a deed with his own hand :-- Ðonne wille ic ðæt eall seó mǽgþ sý unfáh bútan ðam handdǽdan then I will that all the kindred be free from the feud except the actual doer of the deed, L. Edm. S. 1; Th, i. 248, 6, 12: L. Eth. 2, 5; Th. i. 286, 22. [Cf. hand-bana.]
hand-fæstan; p. -fæste To pledge by giving the hand, Lye. [Orm. hannd-fesst betrothed: Scot. hand-fast to betroth by joining hands: Icel. hand-festa to strike a bargain by shaking hands, to pledge, betroth.] v. next word.
hand-fæstung, -fæstnung, e; f. A giving of the hand by way of pledge or assurance :-- Handfestnung mandatum, Ælfc. Gl. 13; Som. 57, 110; Wrt. Voc. 20, 48. [Scot. hand-fasting, -fastnyng marriage with the encumbrance of some canonical impediment, not yet bought off: Icel. hand-festa. -festning, -festr striking a bargain, the joining hands. 'In the early Dan. and Swed. laws the stipulation to be given by the king at his coronation was called haand-fæstning.' Cf. O. H. Ger. hant-feste emunitas, cautio, testamentum, privilegium.]
hand-full, e; f. A handful; manipulus :-- Nimaþ handfulle axan of ðam ofene tollite plenas manus cineris de camino, Ex. 9, 8. Nime áne handfulle tollet pugillum plenum, Lev. 2, 2. Nim micle handfulle secges take a great handful of sedge, L. M. 3, 67; Lchdm. ii. 354, 26. Genim micle twá handfulla take two great handfuls, 69; Lchdm. ii. 356, 12: Herb. 81, 5; Lchdm. i. 184, 19. Berende handfulla heora portantes manipulos suos, Ps. Lamb. 125, 6. [Orm. hanndfull: A. R. honful: Icel. hand-fyllr: Ger. hand-voll.]
hand-gang, -gong, es; m. Laying on of hands :-- Handgang manus impositio, Ælfc. Gl. 112; Som. 79, 94; Wrt. Voc. 60, 3. [Orm. hanndganng laying on of hands (used in connection with the Apostles, and with bishops at confirmation).]
hand-gemót, es; n. A hand-meeting, battle, Beo. Th. 3056; B. 1526.
hand-gesceaft, e; f. That which is formed by the hand, a creature, Cd. 23; Th. 29, 24; Gen. 455.
hand-gesella, an; m. A companion who is close to one's side, comrade, Beo. Th. 2966; B. 1481.
hand-gestealla, an; m. One whose place is close at one's hand, a comrade, an associate, Beo. Th. 5186; B. 2596. [Cf. preceding word, and eaxl-gestealla.]
hand-geswing, es; n. Stroke given by the hand :-- Ðǽr wæs heard handgeswing there were hard blows dealt by the hand, Elen. Kmbl. 229; El. 115.
hand-geweald, es; n. Power :-- Hé hí on handgeweald hǽðenum sealde tradidit eos in manus gentium, Ps. Th. 105, 30.
hand-geweorc, es; n. Work of the hand, handiwork :-- Ðæra hǽðenra anlícnyssa sind gyldene and sylfrene manna handgeweorc the idols of the heathen are of gold and of silver, the work of men's hands, Homl. Th. i. 366, 26: Deut. 4, 28. His handgeweorc the work of his hands [Adam and Eve], Cd. 13; Th. 16, 11; Gen. 241: Ps. Th. 18, 1. Gerece úre handgeweorc opus manuum nostrarum dirige, 89, 19. On his handgeweorc byþ gefangen se synfulla in operibus manuum suarum comprehensus est peccator, 9, 15. [Hom: Rel. Ant. hond-iwerc: O. Sax. hand-giwerk.]
hand-gewinn, es; n. Labour of the hands, struggle, strife, fighting :-- Ða munucas lifdon on hira ágenum handgewinne the monks lived by the labour of their own hands, Shrn. 37, 2. Be heora ágenum handgewinne lifigeaþ proprio labore manuum vivant, Bd. 4, 4; S. 571, 22: 4, 28; S. 606, note 2. Hefig hondgewinn a heavy struggle, Exon. 73 b; Th. 273, 34; Jul. 526. Hé sceal fore hǽðenra handgewinne gást onsendan he shall because of the heathens' warfare give up the ghost, Andr. Kmbl. 372; An.186.
hand-gewrit, es; n. What is written by the hand, a deed, contract; chirographum :-- Handgewrit cirographum, Ælfc. Gl. 13; Som. 57, 113; Wrt. Voc. 20, 51. Hondgiwrit chyrographum, Rtl. 32, 39. Sum man wrát his handgewrit ðam áwyrgedan deófle a certain man put his hand to a contract with the accursed devil.
hand-gewriðen; pp. Hand-twisted, Beo. Th. 3878; B. 1937.
hand-gift, e; f. A wedding-gift, Hy. 10, 18; Hy. Grn. ii. 293, 18. [Cf. O. Sax. hand-geƀa.] v. gift.
hand-gripe, es; m. Grasp, Beo. Th. 1934; B. 965. [O. H. Ger. hant-grif pugillus: Ger. hand-griff.]
hand-griþ, es; n. Peace, protection, security, L. E. G. 1; Th. i. 166, 21: L. Eth. vi. 14; Th. i. 318, 24: vii. 2; Th. i. 330, 5; L. C. E. 2; Th. i. 358, 20. v. Stubbs' Const. Hist. i. 182.
hand-hæbbende; part. Having [stolen property] in one's hand [cf under hand the phrase æt hæbbendre handa] :-- Sit handhabenda, sit non handhabenda whether the thief be taken with the stolen property upon him or not, L. Eth. iii. 6; Th. i. 218, 32.
hand-hamer, es; m. A hand-hammer; malleus, Cot. 135.
hand-hefe, es; m. A burden :-- Ne gehrínaþ ðǽm hondhæfum non tangitis sarcinas, Lk. Skt. Lind. 11, 46.
hand-hrægl, es; n. A cloth for the hands, towel, napkin; mantile, Ælfc. Gl. 30; Som. 61, 70; Wrt. Voc. 26, 67.
hand-hrine, es; m. A touch with the hand :-- Þurh handhrine Háliges Gástes through a touch with the hand of the Holy Ghost, Andr. Kmbl. 1999: An. 1002.
hand-hwíl, e; f. A moment :-- Nis ná eów tó gewitenne ða tíd oððe ða handhwíle ðe mín Fæder gesette þurh his mihte it is not for you to know the hour or the moment that my Father hath appointed through his might, Homl. Th. i. 294, 26. [Orm. inn an hanndhwile in a moment of time: A. R. hondhwule: Piers P. handwhile.]
hand-hwyrft, es; m. A turning of the hand, the time occupied by such a turning, a moment, Lye. [Cf. hand-hwíl.]
handle, es; n. A handle. Cf. sulh-handla stiba, Ælfc. Gl. 1; Som. 55, 8; Wrt. Voc. 15, 8. [Prompt. Parv: handyl manutentum: Jul. hondlen; dat. pl.]
hand-leán, es; n. A reward, recompense given by the hand, retribution :-- Uton wé geþencean hwylc handleán wé him forþ tó berenne habban let us consider what recompense we have to offer him, Blickl. Homl. 91, 13: Cd. 143; Th. 178, 29; Exod. 19: Beo.Th. 3087; B. 1541: 4195; B. 2094. [O. H. Ger. hant-lón bravium.]
handlian; p. ode; pp. od To handle, feel :-- Gif mín fæder mé handlaþ si attrectaverit me pater meus, Gen. 27, 12. Hý ða spǽce swá lange handledon they handled the suit so long, Th. Chart. 302, 31. Hálige béc handligan sacros libros manu tractare, L. Ecg. P. iii. 4; Th. ii. 196, 28: 12; Th. ii. 200, 7: Lchdm. iii. 198, 23: 204, 2; 208, 24. [Laym. hondlien: Orm. hanndlenn: Icel. höndla: O. H. Ger. hantalón tractare: Ger. handeln.]
hand-lín, es; n. A hand-cloth, napkin :-- Hand-lín manualis, Ælfc. Gl. 27; Som. 60, 117; Wrt. Voc. 25, 57. iiii subdiácones handlín four sub-deacon's handcloths, Th. Chart. 429, 23. [Cf. Icel. hand-lín sleeves.]
handlinga; adv. With the hands :-- Nis be him gerǽd ðæt hé handling ǽnigne man ácwealde it is not read of him that he killed any man with his own hands, Homl. Th. i. 386, 1.
hand-locen; pp. Fastened, woven by the hand, Beo. Th. 649; B. 322.
handlung, e; f. Touching, handling :-- Ðone ðe se eádiga Benedictus ná handlunge ac on beseónde fram his bendum álýsde whom the blessed Benedict not by touching him, but by looking on him, had released from his bonds, Homl. Th. ii. 182, 4.
hand-mægen, es; n. Might, power of hand, Cd. 14; Th. 16, 22; Gen. 247: Andr. Kmbl. 1450: An. 725. [O. Sax. hand-magan, -megin: Icel. hand-megin, -megn.]
hand-mitta, an; m. The sixth part of an ounce; exagium, Lye.
hand-nægl, es; m. A finger-nail :-- Ðonne beóþ him ða handnæglas wonne then will his finger-nails be livid, L. M. 3, 63; Lchdm. ii. 350, 22.
hand-plega, an; m. Fighting :-- Heard handplega hard fighting, Cd. 160; Th. 198, 23; Exod. 327: 95; Th. 124, 3; Gen. 2057: Chr. 937; Erl. 112, 25. Hí nǽfre wyrsan handplegan on Angelcynne ne gemitton ðonne Ulfcytel him tóbrohte they had never had more disastrous fighting in England than in their engagement with Ulfcytel, Chr. 1004; Erl. 138, note 7. v. plega for similar compounds.
hand-preóst, es; m. A chaplain; sacellanus, Ælfc. Gl. 68; Som. 70, 13; Wrt. Voc. 42, 22. Stigand ðe was ðes cinges rǽdgifa and his hand-preóst Stigand who was the king's counsellor and chaplain, Chr. 1051: Erl. 182, 20.
hand-rǽs, es; m. Onset, attack, Beo. Th. 4150; B. 2072.
hand-róf; adj. Distinguished for exploits accomplished by the.hands [used of warriors], Cd. 155; Th. 193, 15; Exod. 247.
hand-sceaft, e; f. That which is formed by the hand, a creature; creatura, Lye.
hand-sceát, es; m. A napkin; manutergium, sudarium, Lye.
hand-sció; m. A glove, Beo. Th. 4158; B. 2075. Grein considers this meaning to be inadmissible and translates impetus manibus factus; but cf. 4177; B. 2085.
hand-scólu,-scálu, e; f. A retinue :-- Mid his hondscóle with his retinue, Beo. Th. 3931; B. 1963. Handscále, 2638; B. 1317. [Cf. hand-gesella, geneát-scólu.]
hand-scyldig; adj. Liable to the penalty of losing the hand :-- Se ðe gewundaþ man binnan ciricwagum se biþ handscyldig he that wounds a man within church walls shall be liable to lose his hand, L. Eth. vii. 13; Th. i. 332; 9.
hand-seax, es; n. A short sword, dagger :-- Hæfde hé twigecgede handseax habebat sicam bicipitem, Bd. 2, 9; S. 511, 15. Hæfdon handseax on heora handa habentes in manibus vomeres, 5, 13; S. 633, 16. Godes engel stód mid handsexe God's angel stood with a dagger, Homl. Th. ii. 272, 17. Án handsecs on hundeahtotigan mancysan goldes a dagger worth eighty mancuses of gold, Th. Chart. 501, 3: 502, 16. Handsex, 527, 8. [Laym. hond-sæx: Icel. hand-sax a short sword, dirk.]
hand-selen, e; f. A giving into the hand of another; mancipatio, Cot. 136, Lye. [Cf. Icel. hand-sal, -sala, -selja.]
hand-seten, e: f. The setting of one's hand to a deed, etc., a signature, sign manual :-- Ðas trymeþ se forespecena kyng mid Cristes róde tácne and his weotena hondsetena his geofa thus the aforesaid king confirms his gifts with the sign of Christ's cross and the signature of his witan, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. ii. 304, 11: 14: 89, 11. Mé saldan heora hondsetene ðisse gerǽdnesse they put their hands to this agreement, 100, 29. Hér is seó hondseten. Ego Óswald archiepiscopus, etc. here are the signatures. I Oswald archbishop, etc., iii. 260, 13. Ælfréd cing Ósulfe his hondsetene sealde king Alfred gave his sign manual to Osulf, ii. 133, 22.
hand-sliht, -slyht, es; m. A slaying with the hand :-- Ne meahte hé ealdum eorle hondslyht giofan he could not give a deadly blow to the old warrior, Beo. Th. 5937: B. 2972: 5851; B. 2929. v. sliht and its compounds.
hand-smæll, es; m. A slap with the hand :-- Sealdon him hondsmællas dabant ei alapas, Jn. Skt. Lind. Rush. 19, 3. v. smæll.
hand-spor, es; n. A talon, claw, Beo. Th. 1976; B. 986.
hand-stoc, es; m. A handcuff, manacle; manica, Hpt. Gl. 525, 526.
hand-þegen, es; m. An attendant, one of a retinue, servant :-- Ðá hé ðá ðyder férde ðá wǽron his handþegnas twegen when he journeyed thither, two of his attendants were with him, Guthl. 14; Gdwin. 62, 3. Willfriþ his preóst and his hond-þeng Wilfrid his priest and attendant; clericus illius, Bd. 5, 19; S. 638, 27: Cd. 224; Th. 295, 12; Sat. 485. [Cf. hand-gesella, -preóst.]
hand-þweál, es; n. A washing of the hands :-- Hándþweáles fæt malluviæ, Ælfc. Gl. 26; Som. 60, 87; Wrt. Voc. 25, 27.
hand-weorc, es; n. Handiwork, work done by the hand :-- Handweorc Godes the work of God's hand, Cd. 167, Th. 209, 1; Exod. 492. Sinc hondweorc smiþa treasure, the handiwork of artificers, Exon. 105 b; Th. 401, 6; Rä. 21, 7. Þurh ðæt handweorc by manual labour, L. E. I. 3; Th. ii. 404, 19.
hand-worht; adj. Hand-wrought, made with hands :-- Ic tówurpe ðis handworhte tempel ego dissoluam templum hoc manu factum, Mk. Skt. 14, 58. [Goth. handu-waurhts.] DER. un-handworht.
hand-wundor, es; n. A wondrous thing wrought by hand, Beo. Th. 5530: B. 2768.
hand-wyrm, es; m. An insect supposed to produce disease in the hand :-- Handwyrm surio vel briensis vel sirineus, Ælfc. Gl. 24; Som. 60, 25; Wrt. Voc. 24, 28. Handwyrm ureius, Wrt. Voc. 288, 4. Hondwyrm, Exon. 111 b; Th. 427, 24; Rä. 41, 96: 125 b; Th. 482, 15; Rä. 67, 2. Við hondwyrmum, L. M. I, 50; Lchdm. ii. 122, 21.
hand-wyrst, -wrist, e; f. The wrist :-- Fæðm betwux elboga and handwyrste cubitum, Ælfc. Gl. 72; Som. 70, 125; Wrt. Voc. 43, 51. [Halliwell gives hand-wrists as a Somersetshire word.]
hangian; p. ode; pp. od To hang, be suspended, depend :-- Ic hongige pendeo, Ælfc. Gr. 26, 6; Som. 29, 11: Exon. 104 a; Th. 395, 21; Rä. 15, 11. Ðes hálga Hǽlend hangaþ unscyldig this holy Jesus hangeth guiltless, Homl. Th. ii. 256, 14: Beo. Th. 4886; B. 2447. Manega sind beboda mannum gesette ac hí ealle hangiaþ on ðisum twám wordum many are the commandments appointed to men, but they all depend upon these two sentences, Homl. Th. ii. 314, 21. Ðá ðá Crist hangode on róde for úre álýsednysse when Christ hung on the cross for our redemption, 240, 22: Lk. Skt. 23, 39. Wíde sceós hangodan on hira fótum and bogan hangodan on hiora eaxlum wide shoes hung on their feet and bows hung on their shoulders, Shrn. 38, 8. His loccas hangodon tó ðám anccleowum his locks hung down to his ancles, Homl. Th. i. 466, 25. Swá hálig wer hangian ne sceolde so holy a man ought not to be hung, 596, 30. Hangigende, 594, 5. Hangiende, ii. 260, 25. [Laym. hongien; p. hongede: A. R. hongede: Wick. hangide: O. Sax. hangón: O. Frs. hangia: Icel. hanga: O. H. Ger. hangen; p. hangeta.]
hangra, an; m. 'A meadow or grassplot, usually by the side of a road; the village green,' Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. xxix :-- Of ðam hangran súþ tó ðære strǽt from the meadow south to the road, 229, 27: V. 374, 29. Ealle ða hangran betweónan ðam wege and ðam ðe tó Stánleáge ligþ gebyriaþ ealle tó Fearnebeorgan all the meadows between the road and that which goes to Stanley all belong to Farnborough, iii. 409, 17. [Anger in local names, e.g. Shelfanger, Birchanger.]
hár; adj. Hoar, hoary, grey, old; canus :-- Hár hǽþ the grey heath, Cd. 148; Th. 185, 5; Exod. 118. Se hára wulf the grey wolf, Exon. 77 b; Th. 291, 15; Wand. 82. Háres hyrste the old warrior's arms, Beo. Th. 5968; B. 2988: 3360; B. 1678: Cd. 164; Th. 193, 4; Exod. 241: 151; Th. 189, 7; Exod. 181. On ðone háran hæsel to the grey [with lichens?] hazel, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 279, 14. Æt ðære háran apuldran at the old apple-tree, Chr. 1066; Erl. 202, 6. Of clife hárum from the grey cliff, Bt. Met. Fox 5, 25; Met. 5, 13. On brime háran on the grey sea, Menol. Fox 423; Men. 213. Hé geseah sumne hárne stán he saw a grey stone, Blickl. Homl. 209, 32: Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 313. 26: Beo. Th. 1779; B. 887. Hárne middengeard canescentem mundum, Mt. Kmbl. p. i, 5. Hrím and forst háre hildstapan rime and frost, hoary warriors, Andr. Kmbl. 2517; An. 1260. Háre byrnan grey byrnies [cf. grǽge syrcan, Beo. Th. 673; B. 334], Judth. 12; Thw. 26, 15; Jud. 328. [Chauc. hoor: Piers P. hore: Ayenb. hore vrostes: Alis. hore al so a wolf: Icel. hárr.]
hara, an; m. A hare :-- Hara lepus, Ælfc. Gl. 19; Som. 59, 21; Wrt. Voc. 22, 62. Se hara mid ðysse wyrte hyne sylfne gelácnaþ the hare doctors itself with this plant, Herb. 114, 1; Lchdm. i. 226, 22: Med. ex Quadr. 4; Lchdm. i. 342, 14, 16, 18. Haran man mót etan and hé biþ gód wið lengtenádle and wið útsiht gesoden on wætere and his geallan man mæg wið pipor mengan wið múþsáre leporem licet comedere, et bonus est contra dysenteriam et diarrhæum, in aqua elixus; et fel ejus miscendum est cum pipere contra dolorem oris, L. Ecg. C. 38; Th. ii. 162, 22. Genim haran wulle take hare's fur, L. M. 3, 65; Lchdm. ii. 354,13. Ne onscúnode nán hara nǽnne hund no hare was afraid of any hound, Bt. 35, 6; Fox 168, 9. Ic gefeó hwílon haran capio aliquando lepores, Coll. Monast. Th. 21, 33. Hé sætte be ðám haran ðæt hí mósten freó faran he decreed concerning hares, that they should go free, Chr. 1086; Erl. 222, 30. [Ice1. heri: O. H. Ger. haso: Ger. hase.]
haran hige hare's foot; trifolium arvense :-- Genim ðás wyrte ðe man leporis pes and óðrum naman haran hige nemneþ take this plant which is called leporis pes and by another name hare's foot, Herb. 62; Lchdm. 164, 17.
haran-specel, -sprecel viper's bugloss; echium vulgare, Lchdm. iii. 330.
haran-wyrt, hare- harewort; lepidium latifolium, Lchdm. iii. 330. Harewirta [MS. winta] colocasia, Ælfc. Gl. 42; Som. 64, 9; Wrt. Voc. 31, 20.
hár-hune [and hár hune], an; f. Horehound; marrubium vulgare :-- Hárhune marrubium vel prassium, Ælfc. Gl. 43; Som. 64, 47; Wrt. Voc. 31, 67. Hárhune marubium, 79, 35. Rómáne marubium nemnaþ and eác angle háre hune the Romans name it marrubium, the English also call it horehound, Herb. 46; Lchdm. i. 148, 14. Genim ða háran hunan take horehound, L. M. 1, 45; Lchdm. ii. 110, 24. Genim hwíte hare hunan take white horehound, Lchdm. i. 374, 18.
harian, horian; p. ode To cry; clamare :-- Tó ðé ic horige ad te clamabo, Ps. Th. 27, 1, note. [O. H. Ger. haren clamare, Grff. iv. 978 sqq.]
hárian; p. ode To grow grey :-- Ic hárige caneo, Ælfc. Gr. 26; Som. 28, 43. Ic sceolde wesan ceorl on háriendum heáfde I should have to be a husband when my head was growing grey, Shrn. 39, 27.
Harold, Harald, es; m. I. Harold, second son of Cnut :-- Hér man geceás Harald ofer eall tó cinge and forsóc Harðacnut in this year Harold was chosen everywhere king, and Hardacnut was renounced, Chr. 1037; Erl. 166, 4. Hér forþférde Harold cyng on Oxnaforda in this year king Harold died at Oxford, 1039; Erl. 167, 12. II. Harold, son of earl Godwin :-- Hér forþférde Eádward king and Harold eorl féng tó ðam ríce and heóld hit xl wucena and ǽnne dæg in this year departed king Edward and earl Harold came to the throne and held it forty weeks and one day, 1066; Erl. 198, 1. Ðǽr wearþ ofslægen Harold kyng there was king Harold slain, 202, 10.
Harþacnut, Hardacnut, es; m. Hardacnut, son of Cnut :-- On ðís ilcan geáre com Hardacnut cyng tó Sandwíc vii nihtum ǽr middan sumera. And hé wæs sóna underfangen ge fram Anglum ge fram Denum in this same year king Hardacnut came to Sandwich seven days before midsummer. And he was at once received by both English and Danes, Chr. 1039; Erl. 167, 17. Hér forþferde Hardacnut cyng in this year died king Hardacnut, 1041; Erl. 167, 30.
hárung, e; f. Greyness, hoariness, age :-- Ða meolchwítan hárunge lacteam caniciem, Ælfc. Gr. 50, 26; Som. 51, 64.
hárwelle; adj. Hoary :-- Hárwelle canescens, Mt. Kmbl. p. 1, 5.
hár-wenge; adj. Hoary, grey-haired :-- Hé wearþ fǽrlíce geþuht cnapa and eft hárwenge he suddenly appeared a youth, and again grey-haired, Homl. Th. i. 376, 13. Hé hæfþ síde beardas hwón hárwencge he has a good deal of hair on his face, rather grey, 456, 18.
hás; adj. Hoarse :-- Hás raucus, Ælfc. Gr. 30; Som. 34, 38. Ic hæbbe sumne cnapan ðe nú hás ys habeo quendam puerum qui modo raucus est, Coll. Monast. Th. 19, 29. Mé syndan góman háse raucæ factæ sunt fauces meæ, Ps. Th. 68, 3. [Piers P. hos, hors: Chauc. hors: O. and N. hos: Wick. hoos, hors: Icel. háss: O. H. Ger. heis: Ger. heiser.]
há-sæta, an; m. A rower :-- And gerǽdde man ðá ðæt ða scipu gewendan eft ongeán tó Lundene and sceolde man setton óðre eorlas and óðre hásǽton tó ðám scipum it was decided that the ships should go back again to London, and other commanders and other rowers were to be appointed to the ships, Chr. 1052; Erl. 183, 9. [Icel. há-seti (hár a thole) a thole-sitter, an oarsman, opposed to the captain or helmsman.]
hásian; p. ode; pp. od To grow hoarse :-- Ic hásige raucio, Ælfc. Gr. 30; Som. 34, 38.
hás-ness, e; f. Hoarseness :-- Hásnys raucedo, Ælfc. Gl. 10; Som. 57, 26; Wrt. Voc. 19, 32. Hásnyss raucedo, Ælfc. Gr. 9; Som. 8, 59. [Prompt. Parv. hoosnesse, hoorsnesse raucitas, raucor.]
hassuc, es; m. Coarse grass, a place where such grass grows :-- On ðone hassuc, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 223, 25. [v. Prompt Parv. p. 228, note 2, where a passage is quoted in which the phrase usque ad tercium hassocum occurs in the defining of a boundary. In Engl. Dial. Soc. No. 26, is the following :-- 'Hassock or Hassocks. A name sometimes assigned to aira cæspitosa, L. but more accurately regarded as a term indicating the large coarse tufts formed in meadows by this grass and some sedges, such as Carex cæspitosa and C. paniculata.' Cf. too No. 30 :-- 'Hassocks. "Great tufts of rushes, etc., called in Suffolk hassocks."' No. 31. [Leicestershire] :-- 'Hassock a tuft of coarse rank grass; an ant-hill.']
hasu, heasu; adj. Grey, ash-coloured, tawny; cinereus, fulvo-cinereus :-- Hé of earce forlét haswe culufran he let out of the ark a grey dove, Cd. 72; Th. 87, 20; Gen. 1451. Hwílum ic onhyrge ðone haswan earn sometimes I imitate the grey eagle, Exon. 106 b; Th. 406, 21; Rä. 25, 4. Se haswa fugel, 57 b; Th. 206, 4; Ph. 121. Récas stígaþ haswe ofer hrófum grey smoke mounts o'er the roofs, 101 a; Th. 381, 6; Rä. 2, 7. [Icel. höss grey (applied to the wolf and eagle as above): cf. Gen. and Ex. haswed, v. 1723. Grein quotes the following passage from Haupt's Zeitschrift, x. 346 :-- 'Hasu wol ursprünglich wolfgrau, und adlergrau, jene gemischte Farbe von goldgelb und grau: bald überwiegt der Gedanke an das Goldgelbe (vgl. blond), bald das Grau der Mischung.']
hasu-fág; adj. Grey-coloured :-- Hrægl is mín hasofág my raiment is grey, Exon. 103 b; Th. 392, 23; Rä. 12, 1.
hasu-páda, an; m. One having a grey garment; a term applied to the eagle, cf. hasu :-- Ðane hasupádan, earn the grey-coated one, the eagle, Chr. 937; Erl. 115, 11, note.
haswig-feðera; adj. Having grey plumage, Exon. 58 a; Th. 208, 10; Ph. 153.
hát, es; n. Heat :-- Hát biþ onæled heat shall be kindled, Exon. 116 a; Th. 445, 18; Dóm. 9: 116 b; Th. 447, 11; Dóm. 37. Hát and ceald heat and cold, Cd. 192; Th. 239, 29; Dan. 377; 216; Th. 273, 5; Sat. 132: Exon. 117 b; Th. 451, 20: Dóm. 106. Hát þrowian to suffer heat, Beo. Th. 5204; B. 2605. [O. Sax. hét; n. cf. O. H. Ger. heiz, heizi; f. fervor, æstus.]
hát; adj. Hot, fervent, fervid, fierce [of pain, punishment, etc.] :-- Wæs him seó Godes lufu tó ðæs hát and tó ðæs beorht on his heortan the love of God was so fervent and bright in his heart, Blickl. Homl. 225, 36. Hys gecynde is swíðe hát its nature is very hot, Herb. 158, 1; Lchdm. i. 284, 22: 124; Lchdm. i. 236, 11. Hungor se háta fierce hunger, Exon. 64 b; Th. 238, 32; Ph. 613. Wæs seó ádl hát fierce was the disease, 47 a; Th. 161, 1; Gú. 952: Homl. Th. i. 404, 6. Ðeós wyrt byþ cenned on hátum stówum this plant is produced in hot places, Herb. 115, 1; Lchdm. i. 228, 6. Hé háte lét teáras geótan he let hot tears gush forth, Exon. 48 a; Th. 165, 14; Gú. 1029. Swá háttra sumor swá mára þunor and líget on geáre the hotter the summer the more thunder and lightning in the year, Lchdm. iii. 280, 9. [Orm. hat: Laym. hat, hot: A. R. hot: Chauc. hot, hoot: Prompt. Parv. hoot: O. Sax. hét: Icel. heitr: O. H. Ger. heiz: Ger. heiss: cf. Goth. heito; f. a fever.]
hát, es; n. A promise, vow :-- Ic sendo hát fadores mínes ego mitto promissum patris mei, Lk. Skt. Lind. 24, 49. Hátes promissionis, Rtl. 14, 14. [Orm. hát: Gen. and Ex. hot: Ps. hates, hotes vota: Icel. heit; n. a solemn promise, vow: cf. Goth. haiti; f. a command.] v. ge-hát.
Hátabaðan Bath :-- Æt Hátabaðum at Bath, Chr. 972; Erl. 125, 9. v. Baðan.
HÁTAN; ic háte, ðú hátest, hætsþ, hé háteþ, hát, hǽt, pl. hátaþ; p. héht, hét, pl. héhton, héton; pp. háten. I. to bid, order, command, (a) with acc. and infin :-- Drihten hwæt hǽtst ðú mé dón Lord, what dost thou bid me do? Past. 58; Swt. 443, 24. Drihten háteþ ða eorþan eft ágifan ðæt heó ǽr onféng the Lord shall bid the earth give up what it received before, Blickl. Homl. 21, 30. Mid ðam gemete wé hátaþ óðre men dón sum þingc with that mood [the imperative] we command other men to do something, Ælfc. Gr. 21; Som. 23, 23. Hé héht englas him tó cuman and hie cóman he bade angels come to him and they came, 181, 5: Andr. Kmbl. 729; An. 365. Ðá hét hé mé on ðysne síþ faran then he bade me go on this journey, Cd. 25; Th. 32, 7; Gen. 499. Hie hine héton ðæt áttor etan they bade him eat the poison, Blickl. Homl. 229, 17. Mid ðý ðe ðú mé háte of mínum líchoman gewítan when thou shalt bid me depart from my body, 139, 13. Hát mé cuman tó ðé jube me venire ad te, Mt. Kmbl. 14, 28. (b) with infin. only :-- Ælfréd kyning háteþ grétan Wærferþ biscep and ðé cýðan háte king Alfred bids greet bishop Werferth; and I would that it should be known to you, Past. Pref; Swt. 3, 1-2. Ic Elfréd dux hátu wrítan and cýðan an ðissum gewrite Elfréde regi I alderman Alfred order to be written and made known in this writing to king Alfred, Chart. Th. 480, 13. Ðonne háteþ Sanctus Micahel bláwan ða feówer béman then St. Michael will order the four trumpets to be blown, Blickl. Homl. 95, 12. Hǽt [Cot. hát] fealdan ðæt segl gives order to furl the sail, Bt. 41, 3; Fox 250, 14. Ðá héht hé Simon infeccan beforan hine then he ordered that Simon should be brought in before him, Blickl. Homl. 175, 1: Andr. Kmbl. 2459; An. 1231: Chart. Th. 137, 6. (c) with a clause :-- Ic ðé háte ðæt ðú ðás gesyhþe secge mannum I command thee to tell this vision to men, Rood Kmbl. 187; Kr. 95. Hé hǽt hine ðæt hé hine fealde swá swá bóc he shall bid it fold itself as a book, Ps. Th. 49, 5. Ðé háteþ heofona cyning ðæt ðú onsende Heaven's king bids thee send, Andr. Kmbl. 3008; An. 1507. Héht ðæt hé cuóme tó him he commanded that he should come to him, Chart. Th. 47, 11. Hét ðæt ðú ǽte he bade that thou shouldst eat, Cd. 25; Th. 32, 8; Gen. 500. (d) without an object, or with acc. only :-- Gif ðú hǽtst ðonne mæg ic if thou biddest, then I can, Homl. Th. ii. 390, 31. Wé dydon swá ðú ús héte we have done as thou didst command us, i. 394, 21. Ða mon sceal swá micle má hátan ðonne biddan those are to be so much the more commanded than entreated, Past. 26; Swt. 181, 21. (e) with a verb of motion omitted :-- Héht óðre dæge hie ealle þrý in beforan hine he commanded that next day they should all three come in before him, Blickl. Homl. 175, 18. Ðá héht hé him tó ealle his discipulos he summoned to him all his disciples, 225, 12: Cd. 127; Th. 161, 27; Gen. 2671: Elen. Kmbl. 305; El. 153. Hét tósomne síne leóde summoned his people together, Cd. 197; Th. 245, 26; Dan. 469. Maria héht hý óðre mid Mary bade another accompany her, Exon. 119 b; Th. 459, 35; Hö. 10. Ðá wæs tó ðam dóme Daniel háten then was Daniel summoned to the judgment, Cd. 201; Th. 249,19; Dan. 532. II. to promise, vow :-- Gif ðú hǽtsþ hǽðenfeoh if thou dost vow heathen offerings, Exon. 66 b; Th. 245, 31; Jul. 53. III. to call, name, give a name to :-- Nolde hé nó ða rúmmódnesse hátan mildheortnes ac ryhtwísnes non hanc vocare misericordiam, sed justitiam maluit, Past. 45, 1; Swt. 337, 2: Cd. 106; Th. 140, 13; Gen. 2327. Consul ðæt wé heretoha hátaþ consul we call heretoha, Bt. 1; Fox 2, 12. Ða deór hí hátaþ hránas those deer they call rein-deer, Ors. 1, 1; Bos. 20, 27: Cd. 80; Th. 99, 19; Gen. 1648. And tú hine héte ðá flýman and then you declared him a fugitive, Chart. Th. 173, 6. God hét ða fæstnisse heofenan vocavit Deus firmamentum cælum, Gen. 1, 8. Hé hét his naman Adam he called his name Adam, 5, 2: Cd. 124; Th. 158, 7; Gen. 2613: Beo. Th. 5605; B. 2806. Rómáne hý tictatóres héton the Romans gave them the name of dictators, Ors. 2, 4; Bos. 42, 28. Sum consul Boetius wæs háten a certain consul whose name was Boethius, Bt. 1; Fox 2, 13: Cd. 79; Th. 99, 13; Gen. 1645. Is ðæt deór pandher bí noncan háten that beast is called by the name of panther, Exon. 95 b; Th. 356, 17; Pa. 13. Hí nemnaþ ða eá archoboleta dæt is háten ðæt miccle wæter archoboleta vocant quæ est aqua magna, Nar. 35, 21, [Laym. haten, heht. In Chaucer this verb and the next are confounded, thus highte = hátte; and hight is used for háten. Goth. haitan to name, call, bid, command: O. Sax. hétan: Icel. heita to call, name, promise, vow: O. Frs. héta: O. H. Ger. heizan, heizzan nominare, appellare, jubere, præcipere: Ger. heissen.]
hátan; pres. and p. hátte, pl. hátton To be called or named, have for a name :-- Cwæþ ðæt se héhsta hátan sceolde Satan siððan said that the highest should be called Satan afterwards, Cd. 18; Th. 22, 22; Gen. 344. Án eá of ðám hátte Fison one river of them is called Pison, Gen. 2, 11. Saga hwæt ic hátte say what I am called, Exon. 106 b; Th. 406, 13; Rä. 24, 16. Hú ne hátte hys módor Maria nonne mater ejus dicitur Maria? Mt. Kmbl. 13, 55. Ðe swá hátte that was thus called, Cd. 180; Th. 226, 17: Dan. 172: Bt. Met. Fox 1, 105; Met. 1, 53. On ðǽm bócum ðe hátton Apocalypsin in the books called the Apocalypse, Past. 58; Swt. 445, 35: Ors. 2, 4; Bos. 42, 34. [Goth. haitada I am called: Icel. heita, ek heiti: O. H. Ger. heizan, Grff. iv. 1077: Ger. heissen.]
háte; adv. Hotly :-- Háte glówende hotly glowing, Homl. Th. i. 424, 35: Cd. 19; Th. 24, 26; Gen. 383: 38; Th. 50, 18; Gen. 810: Judth. 10; Thw. 22, 36; Jud. 94. Swá hé hátost mǽge as hot as possible, L. M. 1, 2; Lchdm. i. 34, 10: Exon. 59 a; Th. 212, 13; Ph. 209.
háten [?] heated :-- Mid hátene ísene with heated iron, L. M. 2, 25; Lchdm. ii. 218, 24.
hát-heort, es; n. Fury, anger, wrath; iracundia :-- Nú is gefylled ðæt mycelle hátheort and ðæt mycelle yrre ðyses ealdermannes now is completed the great fury and the great wrath of this ruler, Blickl. Homl. 151, 10.
hát-heort; adj. Furious, angry, irascible, passionate, ardent; furiosus, iracundus, fervens :-- Gif hwylc man tó ðam hátheort sig and strangmód ðæt hé tó nánum worldrihte and sybbe fón nelle wið ðæne ðe wið hine ágylt si homo quis adeo furiosus et duro corde sit, ut nullum sæculare jus et pacem admittere velit cum eo qui in eum deliquerit, L. Ecg. P. ii. 28; Th. ii. 194, 5. Ðes geréfa is swíðe hátheort and hé ðé wile forleósan this consul is very furious and will destroy thee, Nar. 42, 4: Exon. 77 b; Th. 290, 16; Wand. 66. Ðonne ða hátheortan hie mid náne foreþonce nyllaþ gestillan cum iracundi nulla consideratione se mitigant, Past. 40, 5; Swt. 297, 3. Timotheus hé ongeat hátheortran ðonne hé sceolde ferventioris spiritus vidit esse Timotheum, 3; Swt. 291, 22. Ðá wæs heora sum réðra and hátheortra ðonne ða óðre then was one of them fiercer and more furious than the others, Blickl. Homl. 223, 6.
hát-heorte, an; f. Anger, fury, rage :-- Ic ðé bletsige forðon ðú mé ne forléte út gangan mid mínre hátheortan of ðisse ceastre I bless thee that thou didst not let me go out of this city in my anger, Blickl. Homl. 249, 15.
hátheort-líce; adv. Furiously, ardently, fervently :-- Ða ðe hé ǽr hátheortlíce lufode which he before ardently loved, Blickl. Homl. 59, 9: 17. Hie wǽron tó ðon hátheortlíce yrre ðæt hie woldan ðone cásere cwicenne forbærnan they were so furiously angry that they wanted to burn the emperor alive, 191, 11.
hátheort-nes, -ness, e; f. Wrath, anger, fury, rage, fervour, zeal :-- Ðeós hátheortnys hic furor, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 21; Som. 10, 26. Ðis synt ða ídelnyssa ðisse worlde ... hátheortnys ... hæ sunt vanitates hujus mundi ... furor ..., L. Ecg. P. i. 8; Th. ii. 174, 33. Sió hátheortness ðæt mód gebringþ on ðæm weorce ðe hine ǽr nán wills tó ne spón mentem impellit furor, quo non trahit desiderium, Past. 33, 1; Swt. 215, 8. Ðonne wyrþ ðæt mód beswungen mid ðam welme ðære hátheortnesse then is the mind scourged with the heat of anger, Bt. 37, 1; Fox 186, 21. Hú gesceádwís se reccere sceal bión on his hátheortnesse quæ esse debet rectoris discretio fervoris, Past. 21; Swt. 151, 6. Fýr ys onæled on mínre hátheortnisse a fire is kindled in mine anger, Deut. 32, 22. Forlǽt yrre and hátheortnesse desine ab ira et derelinque furorem, Ps. Th. 36, 8: Homl. Th. i. 360, 3.
hát-hirtan, -hiertan, -hyrtan; p. te To make angry :-- Ðonne is micel þearf ðætte se, se ða hátheortnesse ofercuman wille, ðæt hé hiene ongeán ne háthirte necesse est, ut hi, qui furentes conantur reprimere, nequaquam se in furore erigant, Past. 40, 5; Swt. 296, 6.
haþoliþa, an; m. The elbow joint :-- Lǽt him blód of ðam hálan haþoliþan let him blood from the sound elbow, L. M. 2, 51; Lchdm. ii. 264, 17. vide Glossary, s.v.
hát-hyge, es; m. Anger, fury, wrath :-- Wé wǽron on ðínum háthige hearde gedréfde in furore tuo conturbati sumus, Ps. Th. 89, 7. [Cf. hát-heort, -heorte.]
hatian, hatigean; p. ode, ede; pp. od, ed To hate :-- Ne mæg middaneard eów hatian ac hé hataþ mé non potest mundus odisse vos: me autem odit, Jn. Bos. 7, 7. Ða ðe ðone rihtwísan hatiaþ ða ágyltaþ qui oderunt justum delinquent, Ps. Th. 33, 21. Hie hatigaþ [hatigeaþ, Cot. MS.] hiera hiéramonna unþeáwas they hate the vices of their subjects, Past. 18; Swt.137, 4. Dóþ ðǽm wel ðe eów ǽr hatedon do well to those that formerly hated you, 33; Swt. 222, 17. Hú ne hatige ic ða ealle, Dryhten, ða ðe ðé hatigaþ? Mid fulryhte hete ic hie hatode. Swa mon sceal Godes fiénd hatigean do I not hate all those, O Lord, who hate thee? With a perfect hatred I hated them. So shall God's enemies be hated, 46; Swt. 353, 5-8. Hé sceal rýperas and reáferas hatian and hýnan he must hate and humiliate robbers and plunderers, L. I. P. 2; Th. ii. 304, 19: Beo. Th. 4627; B. 2319. [Goth. hatan, hatjan: O. Sax. hatan, hatón: O. Frs. hatia: Icel. hata: O. H. Ger. hazén, hazón: Ger. hassen.]
hátian; p. ode; pp. od To become or get hot, to be hot :-- Hingrian þyrstan hátian eall ðæt is of untrumnysse ðæs gecynnes esurire, sitire, æstuare ex infirmitate naturæ est, Bd. 1, 27; S. 494, 14. Nim ǽnne sticcan and gníd tó sumum þinge hit hátaþ ðǽrrihte of ðam fýre ðe him on lútaþ take a stick and rub it against something, it gets hot directly from the fire which lurks in it, Lchdm. iii. 274, 4: Herb. 90, 13; Lchdm. ii. 198, 4. Hátode heorte mín concaluit cor meum, Ps. Spl. C. 38, 4. Óþ ðæt se clam hátige till the paste gets hot, L. M. 3, 59; Lchdm. ii. 342, 19. Ðonne byþ heó sóna hátigende it will at once be getting hot, Herb. 90, 8; Lchdm. i. 196, 4. [O. H . Ger. heizén fervere.]
hatigend, es; m. One who hates, an enemy :-- Hatigend oððe feónd osor, Ælfc. Gr. 33; Som. 37, 1.
hatte-fagol a hedge-hog, Ps. Spl. M. 103, 19.
hatung, e; f. Hating, hate, hatred :-- Hatung Godes beboda hate of God's commands, Homl. Th. ii. 220, 6. Mid ðære réðan ehtnysse hatunge with the hate of fierce persecution, i. 84, 12. Ða unrihtwísan ic hæfde on hatunge iniquos odio habui, Ælfc. Gr. 33; Som. 36, 61. Gé beóþ on hatunge eallum mannum eritis odio omnibus, Mt. Kmbl. 10, 22. On hatunga, Lk. Skt. 21, 17. Hé becom on hatunga his herges he came to be hated by his army, Blickl. Homl. 193, 2. Bánu sume handlian hatunge getácnaþ to handle bones betokens hate, Lchdm. iii. 208, 24. [O. H. Ger. hazunga æmulatio.]
hátung, e; f. A growing hot, heating :-- Wið wunda hátunge against heating of wounds, Herb. 2, 16; Lchdm. i. 84, 20, note.
hát-wende; adj. Burning, hot, torrid :-- Hátwendne lyft the torrid air, Cd. 146; Th. 182, 12; Exod. 74.
háwere, es; m. An observer, a spectator :-- Ðýlæs hie síen tó óðerra monna gefeohte holde háweras, and dón him selfe náwuht lest they be friendly spectators of other men's struggle, and themselves do nothing; ne, si in hoc præsentis vitæ stadio ad certamen alienum devoti fautores, sed pigri spectatores assistant, Past. 34, 1; Swt. 229, 17. [Laym. hauwares, hæweres spies.]
háwian; p. ode; pp. od To view, look, observe, regard, survey, inspect :-- Ic háwige bufan and ðú beneoþan ego supra aspicio, tu infra, Ælfc. Gr. 47; Som. 47, 49. Drihten lócaþ of heofenum and háwaþ hwæðer hé geseó ǽnigne ðæra ðe hine séce oððe hine ongite Dominus de cælo prospexit ut videat si est intelligens aut requirens Deum, Ps. Th. 13, 3. Nýtene gelíc ðe háwaþ symle tó ðære eorþan like a beast that ever looks to the ground, Homl. Th. ii. 442, 8. Ǽlc man ðara ðe æágan heft ǽrest háwaþ ðæs ðe hé geseón wolde óþ ðone first ðe hé hyþ gegeháwaþ every man who has eyes first looks towards what he wants to see, until he has got it under his observation, Shrn. 178, 6. Þreó þinc sint neódbehæfe ðám eágan élcere sáwle ... óððer ðæt heó háwien ðes ðe heó geseón wolden þridde ðæt hí mágen geseón ðæt ðæt hí geháwian three things are necessary for the eyes of every soul ... second that they look at what they want to see, third that they be able to see what they bring under their notice, 179, 20. Gúþlác eode sóna út and háwode and hercnode Guthlac went out at once and looked and listened, Guthl. 6; Gdwin. 42, 15. Sóna swá hí wǽron swá gehende ðet ǽgðer on óðer háwede as soon as they were so near as to be in sight of one another, Chr. 1003; Erl. 139, 8. Hý mé háwedon and mé beheóldon ipsi consideraverunt et conspexerunt me, Ps. Th. 21, 16. Drihten háwa nú mildelíce on ðás earman eorþan Lord, look now mercifully on this miserable earth, Bt. 4; Fox 8, 20. Háwa ðæt se inra wind ðé ne tówende look that the inward wind do not cast thee down, Homl. Th. ii. 392, 32. Háwa hwæðer his ceaflas sín tóswollene notice whether his jowls be swollen, Lchdm. iii. 140, 8. Háwiaþ be gehwilcum take notice in the case of each one, Homl. Th. i. 332, 15. Nán mon ne scyle dón his hond tó ðære sylg and háwian underbæc no man shall put his hand to the plough and look back, Past. 51, 8; Swt. 463, 2. DER. be-, ge-háwian.
háwung, e; f. Looking, observation :-- Ic eom gesceádwísnes and ic eom ǽlcum manniscum móde on ðam stale ðe seó háwung byþ ðám eágum I am Reason, and in every human mind I hold the same place that observation does in the eyes, Shrn. 178, 10: 21.
hé; m: heó; f: hit; n. He, she, it :-- Ðá hé gefór ðá féng his sunu tó ðam ríce when he died his son came to the throne, Chr. Erl. 2, 11. Him sprecendum hig cómon eo loquente veniunt, Mk. Skt. 5, 35. Hé hine miclum gewundode he wounded him severely, Chr. 755; Erl. 48, 34. Hé hiene him tó biscepsuna nam he was godfather to him, 853; Erl. 68, 14. Hé hire hand nam and heó sóna árás he took her hand and she at once arose, Mk. Skt. 5, 41-2. Hé him þearle bebeád ðæt hí hyt nánum men ne sǽdon and hé hét hire etan syllan præcepit illis vehementer ut nemo id sciret et dixit dari illi manducare, 43. Ðá cuǽdon hie ðæt him nǽnig mæg leófra nǽre ðonne hiera hláford and hie nǽfre his banan folgian noldon then said they that no kinsman was dearer to them than their lord, and they would never follow his murderer, Chr. 755; Erl. 50, 18-20. Ealle ðíne gebróðru beóþ under his þeówdóme all thy brethren shall be servants to him, Gen. 27, 37. Tó tácne ðæt hé his gewald áhte as a sign that he had had power over him, Past. 28; Swt. 197, 22. Ða hǽðenan hæfdon heora geweald the heathen had power over them, Jud. pref. l. 8. Gedrinc his þreó full fulle drink of it three cups full, Herb. 1, 9; Lchdm. i. 74, 1. Hæbbe ic his on handa I have some of it in my hand, Cd. 32; Th. 42, 23; Gen. 678. Eorðe and ealle hire gefyllednys and eal ymbhwyrft and ða ðe on ðam wuniaþ ealle hit syndon Godes ǽhta earth and all its fulness, and all the globe and those who dwell on it, all are God's possessions, Homl. Th. i. 172, 10. Etaþ ðísne hláf hit is mín líchama eat this bread, it is my body, Homl. Th. ii. 266, 33. Ic hyt eom ego sum, Mt. Kmbl. 14, 27: 28. Hit ys áwriten, Ne leofaþ se man be hláfe ánum scribtum est: Non in pane solo vivit homo, 4, 4. Ðá rínde hit then it rained, 7, 27. Hit ǽfenlǽcþ advesperascit, Lk. Skt. 24, 29. Hit gelamp it happened, Homl. Th. i. 70, 23. Hit wæs winter hiemps erat, Jn. Skt. 10, 22. Hit lícode Herode it pleased Herod, Mt. Kmbl. 14, 6. Ðonne hit tócymþ ðæt hie hit sprecan sculon when the time comes that they ought to speak, Past. 46; Swt. 355, 10. Hit neálǽcþ ðam ende; and ðý hit is on worulde á swá leng swa wyrse, and swá hit sceal nýde for folces synnum fram dæge tó dæge ǽr Antecristes tócyme yfelian swíðe; and húru hit wyrþ ðonne egeslíc it is drawing near the end; and therefore the longer it goes on the worse it is in the world, and so for the people's sins it needs must get very bad from day to day before Antichrist's coming; and especially then it will be awful, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 104, 1-5. Hwæt mágon wé his nú dón what can we do now in the matter; quid ergo faciemus, Past. 58; Swt. 443, 14. Sume hit ne gedýgdan mid ðam lífe some did not come out of it with life, Chr. 978; Erl. 127, 12. Se arcebiscop áxode hýrsumnesse mid áþswerunge at him and hé hit forsóc the archbishop required obedience with an oath of him, and he refused it, 1070; Erl. 208, 16: 1039; Erl. 167, 19. Hí námon hit ðá on twá healfe Temese tó scipan weard they took their way on both sides the Thames towards the ships, 1009; Erl. 143, 11. Hú mæg ic hit on ðrím dagum gefaran? ac má wén is ðæt ðú onsende ðínne engel, se hit mæg hrædlícor gefaran ... ic hit ne mæg hrædlíce gefaran how can I do it in three days? it is better to send thy angel who can do it more quickly ... I cannot do it quickly, St. And. 4, 29-6, 2. Godes bearn námon him wíf the sons of God took them wives, Gen. 6, 2. Hie woldon ða men him tó mete dón they wanted to make the men food for themselves, St. And. 4, 18. Sý ðæt ylfa ðe him síe be the elf what it may, L. M. 2, 65; Lchdm. ii. 290, 29. Beó him æt hám let him be at home, Deut. 24, 5: Chr. 1009; Erl. 143, 14. Abraham stód him under ðam treówe Abraham stood under the tree, Gen. 18, 8. Heó sæt hire feorran she sat her down a good way off, 21, 16. Hí eodon heom they went, Chr. 1006; Erl. 140, 17: 21. Hí fleóþ him floccmǽlum they fly in flocks, Homl. Th. i. 142, 9. Ondréd hé him timuit, Jn. Skt. 19, 8. Hæbbe hire ðæt heó hafaþ let her have what she has, Gen. 38, 23. Eác him wolde Eádríc his ealdre gelǽstan Eadric for his part would follow his chief, Byrht. Th. 132, 4; By. 11. Ðá bealh hé hine indignatus est, Lk. Skt. 15, 28. Ðá beþohte hé hine then he bethought himself, 17. Reste ðæt folc hit on ðam seofoþan dæge let the people rest on the seventh day, Ex. 16, 30. Hie æt Tharse ðære byrig hie gemétton they met one another at the city of Tarsus, Ors. 3, 9; Swt. 128, 2. Se eádiga Mathéus and se háliga Andreas hie wǽron cyssende him betweónon the blessed Matthew and the holy Andrew kissed one another, St. And. 12, 19. Hí betwux him cwǽdon inter se dicentes, Mk. Skt. 1, 27. Hig grétton hig gesybsumum wordum they greeted each other with words of peace, Ex. 18, 7. Hí ðá hí gecyston then they kissed each other, Shrn. 89, 12. Hí micclum ege him ondrédon and cwǽdon ǽlc tó óðrum timuerunt magno timore et dicebant ad alterutrum, Mk. Skt. 4, 41: Bt. Met. Fox 25, 21; Met. 25, 11. Sume hí cómon feorran quidam ex eis de longe venerunt, Mk. 8, 3. Nú sceal hé sylf faran now must he himself come, Cd. 27; Th. 35, 18; Gen. 556. Hire selfre suna her own sons, Beo. Th. 2234; B. 1115. Pilatus hymsylf áwrát ealle ða þyng Pilate himself wrote all the things, Nicod. 34; Thw. 19, 33. On himselfum in semetipso, Past. 16, 2; Swt. 101, 1. Hú ne becýpaþ hig twegen spearwan tó peninge are not two sparrows sold for a penny, Mt. Kmbl. 10, 29: 5, 11. Hé dyde ðæt hí twelfe mid him wǽron fecit ut essent duodecim cum illo, Mk. Skt. 3, 14. Hí ealle þrý tógædere grétton ðone cyngc all three of them together saluted the king, Th. Ap. 19, 22: Homl. Th. ii. 384, 4. Gewiton hie feówer they four departed, Cd. 92; Th. 118, 12; Gen. 1964: 191; Th. 238, 28; Dan. 361. Heora begra ǽhte the property of both of them, 90; Th. 113, 27; Gen. 1893. Him bám on breóstum in the breasts of them both, 10; Th. 12, 25; Gen. 190. Him eallum to them all, 156; Th. 194, 16; Exod. 261. Him twám hé wæs ætýwed duobus ex eis ostensus est, Mk. Skt. 16, 12. Hé Ninus Soroastrem Bactriana cyning se cúðe manna ǽrest drýcræftas hé hine oferwann and ofslóh [Ninus] Zoroastrem Bactrianorum regem, eundemque magicæ artis repertorem, pugna oppressum interfecit, Ors. 1, 2; Swt. 30, 10: St. And. 4, 3, 6. Wæs hé se man in weoruldháde geseted in habitu sæculari constitutus, Bd. 4, 24; S. 597, 3. Europa hió onginþ Europa incipit, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 8, 14. Ða ðe his líf ðæs eádigan weres cúðon those who were acquainted with the life of the blessed man, Guthl. prol: Gdwin. 4, 26. Wé gesáwon Enac his cynryn we saw the children of Anak, Num. 13, 29, 33: Deut. 1, 28. Nilus seó eá hire ǽwielme the source of the river Nile, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 12, 19. Affrica and Asia hiera landgemircu onginnaþ of Alexandria the boundaries of Africa and Asia begin from Alexandria, 8, 28. Ðæt se hiera folgoþ hine ne óðhebbe istos ne locus superior extollat, Past. 28; Swt. 189, 17. Ða ðe hiera mildheortlíce sellaþ qui sua misericorditer tribuunt, 44; Swt. 319, 16. Wé his syndon we are his, Ps. Th. 99, 2. Hyra ys heofonan ríce ipsorum est regnum cælorum, Mt. Kmbl. 5, 10. Hé biþ unscildig ðe hine slóh then shall he that smote him be quit, Ex. 21, 19. Dóþ síðfæt ðæs séftne and rihtne ðe hé sylfa ástáh ofer sunnan up iter facite ei, qui ascendit super occasum, Ps. Th. 67, 4. Se wer ðe his tóhopa byþ tó swylcum Drihtne vir cujus nomen Domini spes ejus, 39, 4: Elen. Kmbl. 324; El. 162. Mid mínum bróðer steffane ðe fiola góddra ðǽda siond be him áwritene with my brother Stephen about whom many good deeds are written, H. R. 13, 12: Ps. Th. 145, 4. Ðám wítgum ðe god self þurht hí spec the prophets by whom God himself spoke, Shrn. 107, 11. Ǽlc nýten biþ oððe hé oððe heó every animal is either male or female, Ælfc. Gr. 6; Som. 5, 35, 46. Woepen mon ɫ hee and hiuu ɫ wífmon masculum et feminam, Mk. Skt. Lind. 10, 6. Hé ɫ woepenmon masculinum, Lk. Skt. Lind. 2, 23. [In later English the Northern dialect is first found adopting the forms which in Modern English have replaced the oldest, and the innovation gradually spread. Thus while the Northumbrian Metrical Psalter (before 1300) has þai, þair, þam in the plural, the declension in Piers P. is hij and þei, here, hem: and these forms with the exception of hij, are used by Wicklif and Chaucer. So with she for heó, which is still preserved in the Lancashire hoo. Amongst the cognate dialects the O. Frs. is that which agrees best with English. v. Hilfenstein, Comparative Grammar, p. 193.]
heaf, es; n. Sea, water, Beo. Th. 4947; B. 2477. [Icel. Swed. haf: Dan. hav sea, ocean.]
heáf, es; m. Lamentation, mourning, weeping, wailing :-- Ðǽr is se ungeendoda heáf there is the never-ending lamentation, L. E. I; Th. ii. 394, 10: 400, 7. Wóp and heáf micel ploratus et ululatus multus, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 2, 18. Ðǽr biþ heáf illic erit fletus, 24, 51. Nis hér nǽnig wóp ne nǽnig heáf gehýred there is no weeping nor wailing heard here, Blickl. Homl. 85, 28: 115, 15: 219, 9: Exon. 48 a; Th. 164, 32; Gú. 1020: Ors. 4, 5; Bos. 81, 28. Ðú gehwyrfdest mínne heáf mé tó gefeán convertisti planctum meum in gaudium mihi, Ps. Th. 29, 11: Blickl. Homl. 195, 17. v. heóf.
heáfan; p. heóf, hóf To mourn, wail, lament :-- Ðæt wíf hóf hreówigmód the woman mourned repentant, Cd. 37; Th. 48, 5; Gen. 771. Heófon gehygd they lamented their purpose, 221; Th. 285, 28; Sat. 344. v. heófan.
heáflíc; adj. Mournful, lamentable, grievous :-- Ðæt, heáflíce gewrit that mournful sentence, Blickl. Homl. 123, 6.
heáfod; gen. heáfdes; dat. heáfde; pl. heáfdu [v. Ælfc. Gr. 15; Som. 18, 21-25] HEAD, chief, source, 'the commencing point, or the highest point, of a stream, of a field, hill, etc. In reference to running water, the head is exactly converse to the gemýðe or mouths. In the Saxon charters the word is of frequent occurrence, and, as it seems, generally to denote rising grounds. It is hardly distinguishable from the compound words and-heáfod, on-heáfod; Cod. Dipl. Kmbl, iii. xxix :-- Ðis forweard heáfod hæc frons, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 39; Som. 12, 60: Wrt. Voc. 70, 28: Homl. Th. ii. 266, 11. Æfteweard hæfod occiput vel postea: ofer healf heáfod sinciput, Ælfc. Gl. 69; Som. 70, 35, 36; Wrt. Voc. 42, 43, 44. Healf heáfod hoc sinciput, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 78; Som. 14, 24. Cúþ is ðæt se áwyrgda gást is heáfod ealra unrihtwísra dǽda, swylce unrihtwíse syndon deófles leomo it is known that the accursed spirit is the source of all unrighteous deeds, as also unrighteous men are members of the devil, Blickl. Homl. 33, 7. Hine ðe wæs ǽrur heáfod tó ðam unrǽde the man that had before been the author of that mischief, Chr. 1087; Erl. 225, 10. Heáfod ealra heáhgesceafta the chief of all exalted creatures, Cd. 1; Th. i. 7; Gen. 4: Hy. 7, 62; Hy. Grn. ii. 287, 62. Hé getimbrede ða burg Babylonie tó ðon ðæt heó wǽre heáfod ealra Asiria Babyloniam urbem instauravit, caputque regni Assyrii ut esset instituit, Ors. 2, 1; Swt. 60, 14. Stæfes heáfud apicem, Lk. Skt. Lind. 16, 17. Wið healfes, heáfdes ece for megrim, L. M. 1, 1; Lchdm. ii. 20, 14, 17, 21. Þolige hé heáfdes let him lose his head, L. Edg. S. 11; Th. i. 276, 13. His heáfdes segl his head's sun [the eye], Andr. Kmbl. 100; An. 50. His eágan hálge heáfdes gimmas his eyes, his head's holy gems, Exon. 51 b; Th. 180, 7; Gú. 1276. Hát mé heáfde beceorfan order my head to be cut off, Blickl. Homl. 183, 16. Wið tóbrocenum heáfde for a broken head, L. M. 1, 1; Lchdm. ii. 22, 10. On ðam heáfde foran on the forehead, 2, 64; Lchdm. ii. 288, 22: 65; Lchdm. ii. 290, 23. His heáfod forweard mid ðære hálgan róde tácne gewǽpnige let him arm his head in front with the sign of the holy rood, L. E. I. 29; Th. ii. 426, 8. Wé sceolon fyligan úrum Heáfde and faran fram deófle tó Criste we ought to follow our Head, and pass from the devil to Christ, Homl. Th. ii. 282, 20. Ic ðé gesette eallum Israhélum tó heáfde caput te constitui in tribubus Israel, Past. 17, 4; Swt. 113, 10. Ðú settest ús mænige men ofer heáfod imposuisti homines super capita nostra, Ps. Th. 65, 10. Hér Offa hét Æþelbryhte ðæt heáfod ofásleán in this year Offa ordered Ethelbert's head to be struck off, Chr. 792; Erl. 58, 2. Búton hé healde iii niht hýde and heáfod unless he keep the hide and head three nights, L. Eth. iii. 9; Th. i. 296, 18. Fare seó buruhwaru sylf tó and begyte ða banan cuce oððe deáde heora nýhstan mágas, heáfod wið heáfde let the burghers themselves go and get the murderers, living or dead, or their nearest kinsmen, head for head, ii. 6; Th. i. 286, 32. Æt ðam óðran cyrre ne sý ðǽr nán óðer bót bútan ðæt heáfod the second time let there be no other reparation than the head, i. 1, 2; Th. i. 282, 2, 23. Heáfdas feónda capita inimicorum suorum, Ps. Th. 67, 21. Hie heora heáfdu slógan on ða wagas they struck their heads against the walls, Blickl. Homl. 151, 5. Hý habbaþ hunda heáfda they have dogs' heads, Nar. 34, 32. Ða heáfda wǽran ofácorfena the heads were cut off, Ors. 4, 1; Bos. 79, 7. Nim ðes leáces heáfda take the heads of this leek, Lchdm. i. 376, 3. Heáfdu, L. M. 2, 32; Lchdm. ii. 234, 20. Of Godes half and ealre hádode heáfde on behalf of God and of all persons in orders, Chr. 675; Erl. 37, 25: 963; Erl. 123, 15. Swá swá heó on dæg déþ bufan úrum heáfdum as by day it does above our heads, Lchdm, iii. 234, 25. Ðone stán ðe æt his heáfdum læg the stone that lay at his head, Past. 16, 3; Swt. 101, 16. Ðá cóman ðyder tu wild deór and heóldan ðone líchoman óðer æt ðǽm heáfðum óðer æt ðǽm fótum then came thither two wild beasts and guarded the body, one at the head, the other at the feet, Shrn. 83, 25: Rood Kmbl. 126; Kr. 63. Heáfdan, Blickl. Homl. 145, 26. [Laym. heaved, hæfed: Orm. hæfedd: A. R. heaved: Piers P. Chauc. Wick. hed, heed. The cognate dialects seem to offer two forms, differing in the root vowel, each of which may be represented in the English. Thus heáfod may compare with Goth. haubiþ: O. Sax. hóƀid: O. H. Ger. haupit, houbit; while hæfod, hafud may compare with Icel. höfuð; v. Cl. and Vig. Dict. s. v.]
heáfod-ǽdre, e; f. The cephalick vein :-- Lǽt him blód on ðam winestran earme of ðære heáfodǽdre let blood from the cephalick vein in his left arm, L. M. 2, 42; Lchdm. ii. 254, 7.
heáfod-bán, es; n. Head-bone, skull :-- Monnes heáfodbán bærn tó ahsan burn a man's skull to ashes, L. M. 1, 53; Lchdm. ii. 126, 2. Wulfes heáfodbán bærn swíðe burn a wolf's skull thoroughly, 61; Lchdm. ii. 132, 3. [Laym. hæfd-, heued-bon skull: Icel. höfuð-bein.]
heáfod-beáh; gen. -beáges; m. A head-ring, crown :-- Heáfodbeáh gyldenne a golden crown, Bt. 37, 2; Fox 188, 8.
heáfod-beorh; gen. -beorge; f. A head-shelter, helmet, Beo. Th. 2065; B. 1030.
heáfod-beorht; adj. Having a bright, splendid head, Exon. 105 a; Th. 400, 2; Rä. 20, 2.
heáfod-biscop, es; m. A head-bishop, high priest :-- Abiathar ðæra Iudéiscra heáfodbiscop Abiathar high priest of the Jews, Homl. Th. ii. 420, 31.
heáfod-bolla, an; m. A skull :-- Heáfodbollan stówe Golgotha, Lye.
heáfod-bolster, es; n. A pillow :-- Heáfdbolster capitale, Ælfc. Gl. 27; Som. 60, 104; Wrt. Voc. 25, 44. Under ðínum heáfodbolstre under thy pillow, L. M. 3, 58; Lchdm. ii. 342, 14.
heáfod-botl, es; n. A chief dwelling, principal mansion :-- Dǽlon hí ðæt heáfodbotl him betweónan let them share the chief dwelling between them, Chart. Th. 529, 33: 542, 10: 597, 6. [Icel. höfuð-ból a manor, domain.]
heáfod-burh; gen. -burge; f. Chief town, capital, metropolis :-- Forgeaf him wununge on Cantwarebyrig, seó wæs ealles his ríces heáfodburh he gave him a dwelling in Canterbury, that was the chief town of all his kingdom, Homl. Th. ii. 128, 31. Hí becómon æt néxtan tó ánre heáfod-byrig Suanir geháten they arrived at last at a chief town called Suanir, 494, 2. Cartaina heora heáfodburh Carthage their principal city, Ors. 4, 6; Bos. 84, 29. [Orm. Ʒerrsalam wass hæfeddburrh off Issraeless riche: Icel. höfuð-borg metropolis: O. H. Ger. houpit-purch.]
heáfod-cláþ, es; n. Head-cloth, head-dress :-- Heáfodcláþ vel cappa capitulum vel capitularium, Ælfc. Gl. 64; Som. 69, 14; Wrt. Voc. 40, 48. [A. R. hore heued-cloð sitte lowe, 424, 23.]
heáfod-cwide, es; m. I. a saying of especial importance :-- Ða iiii heáfodcwidas in Actibus Apostolorum ðus bebeódaþ quattuor dicta præcipua in Actibus Apostolorum sic præcipiunt, L. Ecg. C. 38; Th. ii. 162, 33. II. a chapter :-- Onginnaþ heáfudcuido incipiunt capitulæ, Rtl. 166, 17.
heáfod-cyrice, an; f. A principal church, cathedral, L. C. E. 3; Wilk. 127, 52. [R. Glouc. heued chirche of al Cristendom; Icel. höfuðkirkja high-church, cathedral.]
heáfod-ece, es; m. Head-ache :-- Wið heáfodece for head-ache, Lchdm. i. 4,15: Herb. 75, 6; Lchdm. i. 178, 15. [A. R. heavedeche.]
heáfodeht; adj. Having a head [of plants] :-- Heáfdehtes porres of a leek having a head to it, L. M. 2, 30; Lchdm. ii. 230, 10.
heáfod-fæder; m. A patriarch, Lye.
heáfod-frætewnes, -ness, e; f. A head-ornament, Cot. 65, Lye.
heáfod-gemaca, -gemæcca, an; m. An equal, a mate, fellow :-- Ða sylfan his heáfodgemacan hé forlét his very fellows he forsook, Guthl. 2; Gdwin. 16, 16. Ic mæg sleán míne heáfodgemæccan [heáfudgemæccean, Cot. MS.] I may beat my fellow-servants; cæperit percutere conservos suos, Past. 17, 8; Swt. 121, 12. Feówra sum his heáfodgemacene with three of his equals, L. Wih. 19, 21; Th. i. 40, 17, 21. Mid heora heáfodgemacum cum suis similibus, Bd. 4, 22; S. 591, 8. [Cf. heáfod-mǽg.]
heáfod-gerím, es; n. The chief number, majority; or number of heads, i. e. of men [cf. the other compounds of gerím], Judth. 12; Thw. 26, 4; Jud. 309. v. next word.
heáfod-getel, es; n. A principal, cardinal number :-- Cardinales numeros ðæt synd ða heáfodgetel, Ælfc. Gr. 49; Som. 49, 64.
heáfod-gewǽde, es; n. A head-dress, veil :-- Ðæt beó ðé tó heáfod-gewǽdon let it be to thee for a veil, Gen. 20, 16.
heáfod-gim; m. f.[?] Jewel of the head, the eye, Exon. 27 a; Th. 81, 49; Cri. 1331: 89 b; Th. 336, 6; Gn. Ex. 44: Andr. Kmbl. 62; An. 31.
heáfod-gold, es; n. A crown :-- Ðú him sylst heáfodgold tó mǽrþe honore coronasti eum, Ps. Th. 8, 6. [Icel. höfuð-gull head jewels.]
heáfod-gylt, e; f. A capital crime, deadly sin :-- Búton hine hwá mid heáfodgylte forwyrce ðæt hé weofudþénunge ðanonforþ wyrðe sí unless any one by deadly sin render himself unworthy thenceforth of the altar-service, L. N. P. L. 2; Th. ii. 290, 8.
heáfod-hǽr, es; n. A hair of the head :-- Heáfod-hǽr capilli, Ælfc. Gl; 70; Som. 70, 55; Wrt. Voc. 42, 63.
heáfod-hriéfþo; f. Head-roughness; capitis scabies, L. M. 2, 30; Lchdm. ii 228, 13.
heáfod-leahter, es; m. A capital offence, mortal sin :-- Ǽlc ðara manna ðe mid heáfodleahtre besmiten biþ unusquisque eorum hominum, qui capitalibus criminibus polluti sunt, L. M. I. P. 1; Th. ii. 266, 3. Se ðe ða heáfodleahtras wyrcþ and on ðám geendaþ hé mót forbyrnan on ðam écum fýre he who commits the deadly sins and dies in them shall burn in the everlasting fire, Homl. Th. ii. 590, 17.
heáfod-leás; adj. Headless :-- Heáfodleás bodig truncus, Ælfc. Gl. 73; Som. 71, 30; Wrt. Voc. 44, 16: Exon. 104 a; Th. 395, 19; Rä. 15, 10.
heáfod-lencten-fæsten, es; n. The chief Lent fast, R. Concord.
heáfod-líc; adj. Chief, capital :-- For heáfodlícum gyltum pro capitalibus criminibus, L. Ecg. C. 2; Th. ii. 134, 3. Ðæt wé ús healdan wið heáfodlícan leahtras to keep ourselves from deadly sins, Blickl. Homl. 37, 3.
heáfod-ling, es; m. An equal, a fellow, mate :-- Heáfodlinges coæquales, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 11, 16. Heáfodlinges conservos, 24. 49. [Laym. has hevedling chief, captain, like Ger. häuptling.]
heáfod-mǽg, es; m. A near relation, a relation in the first degree, Cd. 60, Th. 73, 6; Gen. 1200: 78; Th. 96, 36; Gen. 1605: Beo. Th. 1180; B. 588: 4308; B. 2151. v. next word; and cf Icel. höfuð-niðjar, höfuðbarmsmenn agnates: v. also cneów-mǽgas, and see Grmm. R. A. pp. 468-70, for terms belonging to the body in their application to degrees of relationship.
heáfod-mága, an; m. A near relation, Andr. Kmbl. 1884; An. 944. v. preceding word.
heáfod-man, -mann, es; m. A chief man, prince, captain, leader :-- Heáfodman vel þegn primas, Ælfc. Gl. 68; Som. 70, 5; Wrt. Voc. 42, 14: Homl. Th. ii. 514, 14. Þæt folc wearþ micclum ástyred, and ða heáfodmenn and ða bóceras the people were much stirred up and the elders and the scribes, i. 44, 30. Israhéla heáfodmen heads of thousands in Israel, Num. 1, 16: 13, 3: Jos. 23, 2. Þa heáfodmen the lords [of the Philistines], Jud. 16, 27: Chr. 1069; Erl. 207, 15: 1101; Erl. 237, 14, 25. Ðǽr on wǽron twægen heáfodmen Cnut and Hácun eorl in them were two leaders, Cnut and earl Hakon, 1075; Erl. 214, 7. [Laym. hæfdmen, pl: Orm. hæfeddmann: Icel. höfuðs-maðr a chief, leader: O. H. Ger. haubitman satrapa: Ger. hauptmann captain.]
heáfod-mynster, es; n. A chief minster, church, L. Eth. ix. 5; Th. i. 340, 27: L. C. E. 3; Th. i. 360, 17.
heáfod-panne, an; f. A skull :-- Heáfodpanne calvaria, Wrt. Voc. 64, 24: 282, 40. Forheáfod vel heáfodpanne calvarium, Ælfc. Gl. 69; Som. 70, 33; Wrt. Voc. 42, 41. Golgotha ðæt is heáfodpannan stów Golgotha quod est calvariæ locus, Mt. Kmbl. 27, 33: Jn. Skt. 19, 17. Heáfodpannena, stów, Mk. Skt. 15, 22. Hundes heáfodpanne a dog's skull, L. M. ex Quad. 13, 3; Lchdm. i. 370, 3: L. M. 2, 55; Lchdm. ii. 342, 4.
heafod-port, es; m. A principal town, Chr. 1086; Erl. 220, 21.
heáfod-ríce, es; n. A chief kingdom, empire :-- Feówer heáfodrícu quatuor regnorum principatus, Ors. 2, 1; Swt. 58, 31.
heáfod-sár, es; m. Pain in the head, Herb. 4, 7; Lchdm. i. 90, 28.
heáfod-sién, -sýn, e; f. The eye :-- Ðǽr him hrefn nimeþ heáfodsýne there [on the gallows] shall the raven take from him his eye, Exon. 87 b; Th. 329, 19; Vy. 36. Heáfodsiéna, Cd. 114; Th. 150, 11; Gen. 2490.
heáfod-slæge, es; n. Head of a pillar[?]; capital, Cot. 50, Lye. [Cf. ofer-slege.]
heáfod-smæl capitium, Wrt. Voc. 288, 43.
heáfod-stede, es; m. A chief place :-- Heora þeówas hie benóman heora heáfodstedes ðæt hie Capitoliam héton servi invaserunt Capitolium, Ors. 2, 6; Swt. 86, 30. Hwílum wǽran heáfodstedas and heálíce hádas micelre mǽðe wyrðe formerly the chief places and high ranks were entitled to much honour, L. Eth. vii. 3; Th. i. 330, 6. [O. Sax. hóƀid-stedi: O. H. Ger. houpit-stat toparchia.]
heáfod-stól, es; m. A chief place, capital :-- Thébána fæsten ðætte ǽr wæs ealra Créca heáfodstól the city of Thebes which before was the chief place of all Greece, Ors. 3, 9; Swt. 124, 5: 3, 11; Swt. 144, 19. [Icel. höfuð-stóll a chief seat.]
heáfod-stów, e; f. A place for the head :-- Seó heáfodstów cræftiglíce geworht ætýwde locus capitis fabrefactus apparuit, Bd. 4, 19; S. 590, 1.
heáfod-swíma, an; m. Swimming in the head, dizziness, Cd. 76; Th. 94, 28; Gen. 1568. [Icel. höfuð-svími dizziness in the head.]
heáfod-þweál, es; n. A washing of the head; capitilavium, Ælfc. Gl. 56; Som. 67, 26; Wrt. Voc. 37, 16. [O. H. Ger. houbit-twehela caputlavium.]
heáfod-wærc, es; m. Pain in the head, L. M. 1, 1; Lchdm. ii. 18, 5, 19. [Prompt. Parv. heedwerke, heedwarke cephalia, cephalargia: Icel. höfuð-verkr head-ache.]
heáfod-weard, es; m. A chief guardian, chief officer :-- Cynnes heáfud wærd tribunus, Jn. Skt. Lind. 18, 12. Ðæs herefolces heáfodweardas the leaders of the army, Judth. 12; Thw. 25, 3; Jud. 239.
heáfod-weard, e; f. A guarding of the [lord's] head, attendance as a guard upon the king. The word occurs in an enumeration of the services required of the thane and the 'geneat,' Th. i. 432, 8, 17. So in Beowulf it is said of Wiglaf that he 'healdeþ heáfodwearde,' keeps guard over the dead king, Beo. Th. 5811; B. 2909. [Cf. Icel. höfuðvörðr a body-guard.]
heáfod-weard, e; f. A chapter; capitulum, Mt. Kmbl, p. 11, 17: 13, 13. [Cf. fore-weard.]
heáfod-wind, es; m. A wind from one of the four chief points of the compass :-- Feówer heáfodwindas synd se fyrmesta is eásterne wind ... se óðer heáfodwind is súðerne ... se þridda heáfodwind hátte zephirus ... se feórþe heáfodwind hátte septemtrio, Lchdm. iii. 274, 12-23. [Icel. höfuð-vindr.]
heáfod-wísa, an; m. A chief director, ruler, Cd. 79; Th. 97, 28; Gen. 1619.
heáfod-wóþ, e; f. The voice, Exon. 103 a; Th. 390, 17; Rä. 9, 3.
heáfod-wund, e; f. A wound in the head, L. Alf. pol. 44; Th. i. 90, 13, 14. [O. Sax. hóƀid-wunda.]
heáfod-wylm, es; m. Burning or heat in the head, L. M. 1, 1; Lchdm. ii. 26, 2.
heáfod-wyrhta, an; m. A chief workman, Homl. Th. ii. 530, 7.
heáf-sang, es; m. An elegy, Cot. 118, Lye.
heáge; adv. High :-- Heáge flíhþ se earn sublime volat aquila, Ælfc. Gr. 41, 16. Beheald ðás sunnan hú heáge heó ástíhþ behold this sun, how high it mounts, Homl. Th. i. 286, 31.
heago-rún, e; f. A mystery in which magic is involved, necromancy :-- Hú mambres ontýnde ða drýlícan bec his bréðer iamnes and him geopenude ða heagorúne ðæs deófelgildes his bróður aperuit mambres libros magicos fratris sui iamnis et fecit nicromantiam et eduxit ab inferis idolum fratris sui, Nar. 50, 14. [Cockayne has the following note :-- 'Heag hic pro veneficus, magicus sumendus; nostrum HAG.']
HEÁH, héh; adj. HIGH, tall, lofty, sublime, haughty :-- Heáh on bodige statura sublimis, Bd. 3, 14; S. 540, 7. Gyldenu onlícnes twelf elna heáh a golden image twelve ells high, Shrn. 88, 23. Se beám geweóx heáh the tree grew high, Cd. 202; Th. 251, 15; Dan. 564. Hwæt elles getácnaþ se heá torr búton ðone heáh foreþonc and ða gesceádwísnesse ðara gódena manna what else does the high tower signify but the lofty forethought and the sagacity of good men, Past. 56; Swt. 433, 24. Sió heá lár lofty doctrine, 63; Past. 459, 8. Seó heáge dún the high mountain, Homl. Th. ii. 384, 29. Heáh heofoncyning heaven's high king, Cd. 23; Th. 30, 7; Gen. 463. Hé on hrófe gestód heán landes he on the summit stood of the high land, 140: Th. 175, 21; Gen. 2898. Hie be hliðe heáre dúne eorþscræf fundon they found a cavern by the side of a lofty hill, 122; Th. 156, 26; Gen. 2594. Se deófol gesette hine uppan ðam scylfe ðæs heágan temples the devil placed him upon the summit of the lofty temple, Homl. Th. i. 166, 18. Seó eádignes ðæs heán heáhengles tíd the blessedness of the festival of the great archangel, Blickl. Homl. 197, 4, 24. From stæþe heáum from the high shore, Exon. 106 a; Th. 405, 6; Rä. 23, 19. Uppan ánre swíðe heáhre dúne upon a very high mountain, Homl. Th. i. 166, 23. Unriht on heán húse ácwǽdon iniquitatem in excelso locuti sunt, Ps. Th. 72, 6. On heágum in excelso, 9. Hóf ic míne eágan tó ðam heán beorge levavi oculos meos in montes, 120, 1. Fram ðam heágan cederbeáme from the tall cedar, Homl. Th. ii. 578, 4. Hát ðú mé ánne heáhne tor getimbrian order a high tower to be built for me, Blickl. Homl. 183, 3. Hé ásette míne fét on swíðe heánne stán, ðæt ys on swýðe heáh setl statuit super petram pedes meos, Ps. Th. 39, 2. Ofer heáne hróf heofones ðisses beyond the lofty roof of the sky, Bt. Met. Fox 24, 5; Met. 24, 3. Ðone heán heofon high heaven, Cd. 35; Th. 45, 33; Gen. 736. Se ðe gebígde ðone heágan heofonlícan bígels he who bowed the lofty vault of heaven, Homl. Th. i. 170, 23: H. R. 103, 1. Ofer heáh wæter over deep water, Cd. 72; Th. 87, 19; Gen. 1451. Engel drihtnes lét his hand cuman in ðæt heá seld the angel of the Lord brought his hand into that lofty hall, 210; Th. 261, 7; Dan. 722. Wǽron ófras heá streámas stronge the shores were high, the streams, strong, Exon. 106 a; Th. 404, 14; Rä. 23, 7. Wé ceorfaþ heáh treówu on holte altum silvæ lignum succidimus, Past. 58, 6; Swt. 443, 36. Wesan heá mihte handa ðíne áhafen ofer hæleþas may the excellent powers of thy hand be exalted over men, Ps. Th. 88, 12. Heágum þrymmum in excellent majesty, Cd. 1; Th. 1, 16; Gen. 8. Hýð heáum ceólum a haven for the tall ships, Bt. Met. Fox 21, 22; Met. 21, 11. On heán muntum heortas wuniaþ montes excelsi domus cervis, Ps. Th. 103, 17. Ná geþafian ðæt se heárra derige ðam heánran not to permit the higher to hurt the lower, L. I. P. 7; Th. ii. 314, 1. Stól heáhran, heárran a loftier throne, Cd. 15; Th. 18, 16, 26; Gen. 274, 282. Hérra, Exon. 56 a; Th. 199, 20; Ph. 28. Tó hiéran háde to a higher rank, Past. pref. Swt. 7, 15: Chr. 897; Erl. 95, 14. Se mægþ-hád is hírra ðonne se gesinscipe præeminere virginitatem conjugio, Past. 52, 8; Swt. 409, 23. Wearþ him hýrra hyge he had a haughtier mind, Cd. 198; Th. 247, 2; Dan. 491. Hýrre ic eom heofone higher am I than heaven, Exon. 110 b; Th. 424, 12; Rä. 41, 38. Cwæþ ðæt his hergas hýrran wǽron ðonne israela éce drihten said that his gods were superior to the everlasting lord of Israel, Cd. 210; Th. 262, 26; Dan. 715. Ðéh ðe hí selfe wilnien ðæs heáhstan etsi summa appetunt, Past. 16, 4; Swt. 103,16: Ps. Th. 112, 4. Se geworden is hwommona heágost hic factus est in caput anguli, 117, 21. Ðæs héhstan heofonríces, 90, 1. Seó is ealra dúna mǽst and hígest mons maximus et altissimus, Nar, 37, 32. Se hýhsta ealra cyninga cyning the most high king of all kings, Exon. 32 b; Th. 103, 1; Cri. 1682. Goth. hauhs: O. Sax. hóh: O. Frs. hách, hág: Icel. hár: O. H. Ger. hóh altus, excelsus, celsus, excellens, sublimis: Ger. hoch.]
heáh, heá; adv. High :-- Bryne stígeþ heáh tó heofonum the burning mounts aloft to heaven, Exon. 63 a; Th. 233, 7; Ph. 521: Cd. 166 Th. 207, 15; Exod. 467: Ps. Th. 138, 6. Heáor altius, Bd. 3, 8; S. 532, 16. On ðam gim ástíhþ on heofenas up hýhst on geáre ... in it [June] the sun mounts highest in the year, Menol. Fox 218; Men. 110. v. heáge.
heáh-beorg, es; m. A high mountain :-- Hé ðás heáhbeorgas healdeþ swylce et altitudines montium ipse conspicit, Ps. Th. 94, 4. [Icel. hábjarg a high rock; há-fjall a high fell.]
heáh-biscop, es; m. An archbishop, chief bishop, pontiff :-- Birhtwald Bretone heáhbiscop Birhtwald archbishop of Britain, L. Wih. pref.; Th. i. 36, 8. Mid geþeahte Wulfhelmes mínes héhbisceopes with the counsel of Wulfhelm my archbishop, L. Ath. prm.; Th. i. 194, 13. Se heáhbiscop and se hálga Wilfriþ Antistes eximius Vilfrid, Bd. 5, 19; S. 636, 41. Heáhbiscop pontifex, 2, 3; S. 504, 44, note. Héhbiscop pontifex, Rtl. 72, 8: archiepiscopus, 194, 27.
heáh-boda, an; m. An archangel :-- Héht sigores fruma his heáhbodan hider gefleógan bade the triumphant Lord his archangel fly hither, Exon. 12 a; Th. 19, 3; Cri. 295.
heáh-burh; gen. -burge; f. A chief town, large town; also a town having an elevated situation :-- Ðǽr is Créca heáhburg there is the chief town of the Greeks, Bt. 1; Fox 2, 21: Beo. Th. 2258; B. 1127. Tó ðære heáhbyrig to the chief town [Babylon], Cd. 209; Th. 259, 30; Dan. 699. Se kásere geeode wel manega héhburh the emperor conquered a good many of the principal towns, Chr. Erl. 5, 13. Ic wát heáhburg hér áne neáh lytle ceastre I know that near here is a town placed on high, a little city, Cd. 117; Th. 152, 8; Gen. 2517.
heáh-bytlere, es; m. A chief-builder, architect, Lye.
heáh-cleófa, an; m. A principal chamber :-- His brýdbúras and his heáhcleófan ealle wǽron eorcnanstánum unionibus and carbunculis ðǽm gimcynnum swíðast gefrætwode talami cubiliaque margaritis unionibusque et carbunculis nitebant, Nar. 5, 2.
heáh-clif, es; n. A high, lofty cliff :-- Beorgas gemeltaþ and heáh-cleofu the hills shall melt and the lofty cliffs, Exon. 22 a; Th. 61, 3; Cri. 979. [Cf. heáh-beorg.]
heáh-cræft, es; m. Excellent art or skill, Exon. 109 a; Th. 417, 13; Rä. 36, 4.
heáh-cyning, es; m. A chief, great king, God :-- Mid heáhcyning with God, Exon. 62 b; Th. 231, 3; Ph. 483. On ða swýðran healfe ðæs heáhcyninges on the right hand of the great king [God], Shrn. 118, 9: Cd. 6; Th. 8, 14; Gen. 124. Ðæt wæs hildesetl heáhcyninges that was the war-seat [saddle] of the great king [Hrothgar], Beo. Th. 2083; B. 1039.
heáh-deór, heá-, es; n. A stag, deer :-- Swá swíðe he lufode ða heádeór swilce hé wǽre heora fæder he loved the stags as if he were their father, Chr. 1086; Erl. 222, 29: Hexam. 9; Norm. 16, 3. [Cf. Ger. die hohe Jagd the hunting of deer.]
heáhdeór-hund, es; m. A stag-hound, deer-hound, a dog for hunting great game :-- Twegen hafocas and ealle his heádórhundas two hawks and all his deer-hounds, Chart. Th. 501, 7. Twegen and twegen fédan ǽnne heádórhund duo et duo pascant unum molossum, L. R. S. 4; Th. i. 434, 20.
heáhdeór-hunta, an; m. A stag-huntsman :-- Mínon heáhdeórhunton to my stag-huntsman, Chart. Th. 561, 24.
heáh-diácon, es; m. An archdeacon-Næs ná ðám ánum ðe Gode sylfum underþeódde syndon mid myclum hádum, biscopas and cyningas and mæssepreóstas and heáhdiáconas not to those alone who are subject to God himself in high positions, as bishops and kings and archdeacons; Blickl. Homl. 109, 24: Shrn. 17, 11.
heáh-ealdor, es; m. A chief ruler :-- Hí cómon on ðæs heáhealdres hús veniunt in domum arche-synagogi, Mk. Skt. 5, 38.
heáh-ealdorman; gen. -mannes; m. A chief alderman, ruler, patrician :-- Ætius mǽre man se wæs iú ǽr heáhealdorman Ætius vir inlustris qui et patricius fuit, Bd. 1, 13; S. 481, 40. Ðe hǽlend cwæþ tó ðæm héhaldurmenn ihesus ait archesynagogo, Mk. Skt. Rush. 5, 36. Héhaldormenn patricius, Rtl. 193, 5.
heáh-engel, es; m. An archangel :-- Heáhencgel archangelus, Ælfc. Gl. 67; Som. 69, 102; Wrt. Voc. 41, 52. Micahel, se heáhengel se wæs ealra engla ealderman Michael the archangel who was the chief of all angels, Blickl. Homl. 147, 2. Englas and heáhenglas angels and archangels, 103, 32: Homl. Th. i. 10, 13. [Orm. heh-enngell.]
heáh-fæder; m. A patriarch; also the great Father, i. e. God :-- Heáhfæder patriarcha, Ælfc. Gl. 68; Som. 69, 118; Wrt. Voc. 41, 68. Héhfæder patriarcha, Rtl. 195, 10. Cuoeþ lá héhfæder dixit abba pater, Mk. Skt. Lind. 14, 36. Seó stondeþ on ða swýðran healfe ðæs heáhfæder she stands on the right hand of the Father, Shrn. 118, 9: Rood Kmbl. 266; Kr. 134. Ðeodosius se wæs ðære hǽðenre héhfæder Theodosius who was the patriarch of the heathens, Nar. 40, 5. Be ðam heáhfædere Abrahame concerning the patriarch Abraham, Homl. Th. i. 46, 11. Jacob gestrýnde twelf suna, ða sind gehátene twelf heáhfæderas Jacob begat twelve sons, who are called the twelve patriarchs, ii. 190, 25: i. 396, 9. [Orm. Godd heh-faderr God the Father: O. H. Ger. hóh-fater patriarca.]
heáh-fæst; adj. Very fast, fixed :-- Hafaþ under heofonum heáhfæstne dóm hath under heaven enduring glory, Exon. 87 a; Th. 327, 8; Wid. 143.
heáh-fæsten, es; n. A chief fortress, a city :-- Heáhfæsten castrum, Ælfc. Gl. 54; Som. 66, 109; Wrt. Voc. 36, 29. Héhfæsten polis (πόλιs), Rtl. 195,14.
heáh-flód, es; m. High tide [as opposed to neap tide], deep water :-- Heáhflód malina: népflód ledona, Ælfc. Gl. 105; Som. 78, 30, 29; Wrt. Voc. 37, 12, 11. Lét fleógan hrefn ofer heáhflód he let a raven fly over the deep water [of the deluge], Cd. 71; Th. 87, 1; Gen. 1442. [Cf. Icel. há-flæðr a high flood-tide.]
heáh-fore, e; f. A heifer :-- Heáhfore annicula vel vaccula: fæt heáh-fore altilium, Ælfc. Gl. 22; Som. 59, 85, 93; Wrt. Voc. 23, 44. 50. Heáhfru altile, Wrt. Voc. 287, 55. Eálond hwítre heáhfore insula vitulæ albæ, Bd. 4, 4; S. 570, 41. Gif hé hriðeru offrian wille bringe unwemme fear oððe heáfre if he offer it of the herd, whether it be a male or female, he shall offer it without blemish, Lev. 3, 1. Farra míno and héhfaro gislægno tauri mei et altilia occisa, Rtl. 107, 21. [hayfare juvenca, Wrt. Voc. 177, 7: Prompt. Parv. hekfere juvenca.]
heáh-freóls, es; m. A high festival, L. C. S. 48; Th. i. 404, 1.
heáhfreóls-dæg, es; m. The day of a high festival, L. Eth. vi. 25; Th. i. 320, 25.
heáhfreóls-tíd, e; f. The time of a high festival, L. Eth. vi. 22; Th. i. 320, 13.
heáh-geréfa, an; m. A high reeve, reeve of high rank. Kemble, Saxons in England, ii. 156, observes of this word, 'It is a name of very indefinite signification, though not of very rare occurrence. It is obvious that it really denotes only a reeve of high rank, I believe always a royal officer; but it is impossible to say whether the rank is personal or official; whether there existed an office called heáhgeréfscipe having certain duties; or whether the circumstance of the shire or other reeve being a nobleman in the king's confidence gave to him this exceptional title. I am inclined to believe that they are exceptional, and perhaps in some degree similar to the Missi of the Franks, officers dispatched under occasional commissions to perform functions of supervision, hold courts of appeal, and discharge other duties, as the necessity of the case demanded; but that they are not established officers found in all the districts of the kingdom, and forming a settled part of the machinery of government.' See also Stubbs' Const. Hist. i. 125, 343. Héhgeréfa proconsul, Ælfc. Gl. 106; Som. 78, 58; Wrt. Voc. 57, 38. Befora undercyningum ɫ héhgeroefum ante præsides, Mk. Skt. Lind. 13, 9. Héghgeroefa comes, Rtl. 193, 9. Cyninges heáhgeréfan gild iiii þúsend þrymsa the 'wergild' of a king's high reeve four thousand 'thrymsas,' L. Wg. 4; Th. i. 186, 8: Chr. 778; Erl. 55, 26: 779; Erl. 55, 36: 1001; Erl. 136, 6, 8, 23, 24: 1002; Erl. 137, 29.
heáh-gesamnung, e; f. A chief assembly, synagogue :-- Ðá com sum of heáhgesamnungum et venit quidam de archesynagogis, Mk. Skt. 5, 22.
heáh-gesceaft, e; f. An exalted creature :-- Hé is heáfod ealra heáhgesceafta he is the head of all exalted creatures, Cd. 1; Th. 1, 8; Gen. 4.
heáh-geþungen; adj. Of high rank, distinguished :-- Ic lǽrde heáhgeþungene men ðæt hí ne ástigan on ofermédu I taught men of high rank not to be exalted in pride, Blickl. Homl. 185, 13.
heáh-getimbrad; adj. High-built, Cd. 213; Th. 266, 29; Sat. 29. [Icel. há-timbra to build high.]
heáh-getimbru, -getimbro; pl. n. A lofty building, a place built on high, Exon. 41 a; Th. 137, 9; Gú. 556: 22 a; Th. 60, 24; Cri. 974: 25 a; Th. 72, 34; Cri. 1182: Cd. 35; Th. 46, 5; Gen. 739. [O. H. Ger. hóh-gizimbri pergama (πέργαμα), capitolia.]
heáh-gnornung, e; f. Deep grief, sorrow, mourning :-- Hé gehýrde heáhgnornunge ðæra ðe gebundene bitere wǽron ut audiret gemitum vinculatorum, Ps. Th. 101, 18.
heáh-god, es; m. High God, the most High :-- Ic cleopige tó heáh-gode clamabo ad Deum altissimum, Ps. Th. 56, 2.
heáh-græft; adj. Carved in bas-relief :-- Heáhgræfte anaglypha, Cot. 7, Lye.
heáh-hád, es; m. A high order, religious order :-- Heáhhádes men men in holy orders, L. I. P. 22; Th. ii. 334, 6.
heáh-heort; adj. High-hearted, haughty, proud, Cd. 202; Th. 250, 1; Dan. 540. [Goth. hauh-hairts proud.]
heáh-hliþ, es; n. A high hill, Cd. 71; Th. 86, 31; Gen. 1439.
heáh-lǽce, es; m. A physician of the greatest skill :-- Sc. cosmas and sc. damianus wǽron heáhlǽcas and hý lácnodon ǽghwylce untrumnesse monna St. Cosmas and St. Damian were very excellent leeches, and cured every infirmity of men, Shrn. 135, 13.
heáh-landríca, an; m. Irenarcha; είρηνάρχηs, Lye.
heáh-láreów, es; m. A chief teacher; archimandrita, gymosophista, Lye.
heáh-líc, -líce. v. heá-líc, -líce.
heáh-lufe, an; f. Deep love, Beo. Th. 3912; B. 1954.
heáh-mæsse, an; f. High mass, L. E. I. 45; Th. ii. 440, 32, 34: 442, 3: Chr. 1125; Erl. 254, 2. [Icel. há-messa: Ger. hoch-messe.]
heáh-miht, e; f. Great, excellent power :-- On his heáhmihtum in potestatibus ejus, Ps. Th. 150, 2.
heáh-mód; adj. Of high, lofty mind, noble, proud, haughty :-- Siððan hine sylfne heáhmód hefeþ on heánne beám afterwards exultant raises itself on to a lofty tree, Exon. 57 b; Th. 205, 13; Ph. 112. Se ðe hine sylfne áhefeþ heáhmódne se sceal heáh wesan he who exalts his proud self shall be abased, 84 a; Th. 316, 25; Mód. 54. [O. H. Ger. hóh-móti; Cf. Ger. hoch-müthig.]
heáh-módness, e; f. Pride :-- Dryhten ongiet swíðe feórran ða heáh-módnesse Deus alta a longe cognoscit, Past. 41, 1; Swt. 301, 1.
heáh-nama, an; A great, exalted name :-- Swá is gehálgod ðín heáh-nama thus is thy great name hallowed, Hy. 7, 18; Hy. Grn. ii. 287, 18.
heáh-, heán-, heá-nes, -ness, e; f. Highness, height, highest point, elevation, loftiness, sublimity, excellence :-- Ðæs heánes wǽre óð monnes swyran its height was up to a man's neck, Shrn. 81, 13. Sió heánes ðara munta altitudo montium, Past. 51, 5; Swt. 397, 36. Hú micel síó heánes is and hú soðlíc quam sit vera excellentia, 41, 1; Swt, 299, 4. Mægnes heánnes excellentia virtutis, Bd. 3, 13; S. 538, 38. Heánnise hiordes celsitudo pastoris, Rtl. 32, 21. Heánnisse ðínes mæht sublimitatis tuæ potentia, 97, 27. Þrittig fæðma on heáhnisse thirty cubits in height, Gen. 6, 15. Of eorþan heánesse óð heofones heáhnesse a summo terræ usque ad summum cæli, Mk. Skt. 13, 27. On ðæs heáhnysse ufeweardre on the very top of it [the stalk], Herb. 173. 1; Lchdm. 302, 24. Wé ne mágon for ðære fyrlynan heáhnysse hí nǽfre geseón we cannot ever see it [heaven] for its remote elevation, Lchdm. iii. 232, 15. Hé hæfde swá mycele heánnesse on ðæt cyneríce tantum in regno excellentiæ habuit, Bd. 2, 16; S. 520, 8. For ðæs ríces heánesse him weóxon ofermetto in tumorem superbiæ culmine potestatis excrevit, Past. 17, 4; Swt. 113, 6, 20. Heó biþ áfeorrod swíðe feor from ðære sóðan heánesse ab altitudine veræ celsitudinis elongatur, 41, 2; Swt. 301, 20. On ðære heofonlícan heánnesse in heaven on high, Shrn. 82, 20: Exon. 65 a; Th. 239, 34; Ph. 631: Elen. Kmbl. 2247; El. 1125. Gode sý wuldor on heáhnesse gloria in altissimis deo, Lk. Skt. 2, 14. Ðín mægen is swá mǽre swá ðæt ǽnig ne wát ðá deópnesse drihtnes mihta ne ða heáhnisse heofena kyninges thy power is so excellent that none knows the depth of the might of the lord nor the height of heaven's king, Hy. 3, 35; Hy. Grn. ii. 282, 35. Ástígend on heáhnisse ascendens in altum, Rtl. 83, 3. Ósanna on heáhnessum osanna in excelsis, Mk. Skt. 11, 10: Ps. Th. 92, 5: Exon. 13 b; Th. 25, 34; Cri. 410: 10 a; Th. 10, 35; Cri. 162. Of heánessum de alto, Ps. Th. 143, 8.
heáh-rodor, es; m. The lofty sky :-- Under heáhrodore under the lofty sky, Cd. 8; Th. 10, 3; Gen. 151.
heáh-sacerd, es; m. A chief priest :-- Ða heáhsacerdas and ða bóceras summi sacerdotes et scribæ, Mk. Skt. 14, 1: 11, 27: 8, 31.
heáh-sǽ; f. High, deep sea :-- Wealdend heofones and eorþan and heáhsǽ ruler of heaven and of earth and of deep sea, Bt. Met. Fox 11, 6; Met. 11, 3.
heáh-sǽl, e; f. Great happiness :-- Mínes múþes mé módes willa on heáhsǽlum hraþe gebringe voluntaria oris mei beneplacita fac, Ps. Th. 118, 108.
heáh-sǽ-þeóf, es; m. A chief pirate; archi-pirata, Cot. 9, 171.
heáh-samnung, e; f. A chief synagogue :-- Of héhsomnungum de arche-synagogis, Mk. Skt. Lind. 5, 22. v. heáh-gesamnung.
heáh-sangere, es; m. A chief singer, arch-chanter :-- Se árwurþa wer Johannes S. Petres cyricean ðæs apostoles heáhsangere vir venerabilis Johannes archicantator ecclesiæ S. Apostoli Petri, Bd. 4, 18; S. 586, 23.
heáh-sceáwere, es; m. A chief overlooker, overseer :-- Héhsceáware pontifex, Rtl. 21, 1.
heáh-sciremann, es; m. A procurator :-- Héhsciremenn procuratores, Rtl. 193, 11.
heáh-seld, es; n. A throne :-- Ðonne wé tó héhselde hnígan þencaþ when we intend to bend to the throne, Cd. 217; Th. 277, 21; Sat. 208: 221; Th. 287, 25; Sat. 372. Ymb ðæt hálge heáhseld godes around the holy throne of God, Exon. 64 b; Th. 239, 11; Ph. 619. Héhselda wyn the joy of thrones, Cd. 213; Th. 267, 25; Sat. 43.
heáh-sele; es; m. A high hall :-- Tó ðæm heáhsele to the high hall, Beo. Th. 1298; B. 647. [Icel. há-salr a high hall.]
heáh-setl, es; n. A high seat, throne, seat of honour [at table], seat of justice :-- Ðín heáhsetl thronum, Ps. Th. 88, 26. Forðon héhseðil godes is quia thronus Dei est, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 5, 34. Ðonne crist siteþ on his cynestóle on heáhsetle when Christ sitteth on his royal seat, on his throne, Exon. 25 b; Th. 75, 7; Cri. 1218: Lchdnt. iii. 426, 6. Se ríca man ðe sitt on his heáhsetle hraðe geswícþ hé his gebeórscipes gif ða þeówan geswícaþ ðæra teolunga the great man that sits on his high seat will soon discontinue his feast if the servants discontinue the attendance, Homl. Th. i. 272, 35. Ðá hé ðá sett on héhsettle sedente autem illo pro tribunali, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 27, 19. Fore ðæm héhsedle pro tribunali, Jn. Skt. Lind. 19, 13. Be ðám unrihtwísum cyningum ða wé gesióþ sittan on ðám héhstan heáhsetlum concerning unjust kings whom we see sitting on the highest thrones, Bt. 37, 1; Fox 186, 2. [Laym. hæh-setle throne: O. H. Ger. hóh-sedal thronus, solium, triclinium: cf. Icel. há-sæti a high seat (at table).]
heáh-stede, es; m. A high place :-- Ðenden ðǽr wunaþ on heáhstede húsa sélest whilst there in its lofty place the best of houses continues, Beo. Th. 575; B. 285. [Icel. há-staðr a high place.]
heáh-stefn; adj. Having a high stem or prow :-- Heáhstefn naca the high-prowed boat, Andr. Kmbl. 532; An. 266. Heáhstefn scipu high prowed ships, Exon. 96 b; Th. 361, 2; Wal. 13.
heáh-strǽt, e; f. High road :-- Swá in ða heáhstrǽt so into the high road, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 167, 21. Tó ðære hǽhstrǽte to the high road, 246, 20.
héh-sunn [?]; adj. Very sinful :-- Openlíce synnige ɫ héhsunne publicani, Mk. Skt. Rush. 2, 15.
heáh-synn, e; f. Mortal sin, crime, wickedness :-- Héhsynn crimen, Rtl. 187, 25. Búta héhsynne sint sine crimine sunt, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 12, 5. Bebeorh ðé wið ða eahta heáhsynna cave tibi ab octo capitalibus criminibus, L. Ecg. C. pref; Th. ii. 132, 5. Héhsynna scelera, Rtl. 5, 16. Héhsynno facinora, 42, 15.
heáh-þearf, e; f. Great need :-- Æt heáhþearfe at my greatest need, Ps. Th. 117, 16, 20, 27.
heáh-þegen, es; m. A great, high or chief minister or servant :-- On ðam wǽron gecorene twelf heáhþegenas in that were chosen twelve chief ministers [the twelve apostles], Homl. Th. ii. 520, 24.
heáh-þegnung, e; f. High service :-- Heáhþegnunga háliges gástes the high services of the holy Spirit, Cd. 147; Th. 183, 23; Exod. 96.
heáh-þeód, e; f. A great, chief people :-- Was sum æþela man on ðære héhþeóde Myrcna ríce there was a certain noble man in the great kingdom of Mercia, Guthl. 1; Gdwin. 8, 2.
heáh-þrymness, e; f. Great glory, Hy. 7, 51; Grn. ii. 288, 51: 9, 43; Hy. Grn. ii. 292, 43.
heáhþu, héhþo, hiéhþo; generally indecl; f. Height, high place, glory :-- Hé his áras of heáhþu hider onsendeþ he will send his messengers hither from above, Exon. 19 a; Th. 47, 24; Cri. 760: 19 b; Th. 49, 21; Cri. 789: 69 b; Th. 258, 10; Jul. 263. On héhþo on high, Andr. Kmbl. 1745; An. 875: 1995; An. l000. Of héhþo from above, 2289; An. 1146. Of hiéhþa, Elen. Kmbl. 2171; El. 1087. Heofona heáhþu gereccan to tell the glory of the heavens, Exon. 116 a; Th. 446, 33; Dóm. 31. Heofona heáhþu gestígan to mount to the heights of heaven, 117 a; Th. 451, 2; Dóm. 97. Geségon hí on heáhþu hláford stígan of grundum they saw the Lord ascend to heaven from earth, 15 a; Th. 31, 19; Cri. 498. Heofonríces héhþe, Cd. 17; Th. 21, 8; Gen. 323. In heáhþum on high, Exon. 13 b; Th. 26, 8; Cri. 414: 44 a; Th. 149, 27; Gú. 768. Of heáhþum from on high, 46 b; Th. 158, 17; Gú. 910. [Goth. hauhiþa height, loftiness, exaltation: O. H. Ger. hóhida altitudo, culmen.]
heáh-þungen; adj. Of high rank, distinguished, noble :-- Heáhþungen wer the noble man [Moses], Cd. 169: Th. 210, 18; Exod. 517. Hé befæste ðæt ríce heáhþungenum menn Harolde he committed the kingdom to a noble man, to Harold, Chr. 1065: Erl. 198, 11; Edw. 30. Ða kyningas and ða óðre heáhþungene men kings and other men of high rank, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 20, 22. Móton wyt ðonne unc on heofonum heáhþungene beón we two may then be exalted in heaven, Soul Kmbl. 315; Seel. 161. v. heáh-geþungen.
heáh-tíd, e; f. A high time, high day, festival, solemnity :-- Tó ǽghwilces apostoles heáhtíde fæste man and freólsige at every apostle's festival let there be fasting and feasting, L. Eth. v. 14; Th. i. 308, 15. Héhtíde solemnia, Rtl. 8, 23: 9, 27. [Icel. há-tíð a high day, festival.]
heáh-timber, es; n. A lofty building :-- Heáhtimbra gehwæs of every lofty building, Exon. 79 a; Th. 296, 2; Crä. 45. v. heáh-getimbru.
heáh-torras; pl. m. Alpes, Hpt. Gl. 454.
heáh-treów, e; f. An excellent, noble compact, Cd. 162; Th. 202, 14; Exod. 388.
heáh-weofod, es; n. The high altar :-- Gesceot bæftan ðæm heáh-weofode propitiatorium vel sanctum sanctorum, vel secretarium, vel pastoforum, Ælfc. Gl. 109; Som. 79, 27; Wrt. Voc. 59, 1.
heáh-weorc, es; n. Lofty work :-- Æfter heáhweorce heofenes ðínes secundum altitudinem cæli, Ps. Th. 102, 11.
heáh-wita, an; m. A chief councillor :-- Férde se cyng him hám and ða ealdormenn and ða heáhwitan the king went home and the aldermen and the chief 'witan,' Chr. 1009; Erl. 142, 10. v. Kmbl. Saxons in England, ii. 209, 9.
heal, hal, es; m. n.[?] A corner, an angle, a secret place[?] :-- Heal oððe hyrne angulus, Wrt. Voc. 80, 73. Ǽlc wag biþ gebiéged twiefeald on ðæm heale duplex semper est in angulis paries, Past. 35, 5; Swt. 245, 13. Ðá gemétte hé hine hleonian on ðam hale his cyrcan wið ðam weofode he found him leaning in the corner of his church against the altar, Guthl. 20; Gdwin. 82, 22. On halum in abditis, Ps. Spl. 16, 13. [Cf. we beth honted from hale to hurne, Pot. Songs Wrt. 150, 17. In one swiþe diʒele hale, O. and N. 2.]
heála, an; m. Rupture, hydrocele :-- Gif hé hæfde heálan si fuerit ponderosus, Past. 11, 1; Swt. 65, 5. [Cf. Icel. haull; m. hernia: O. H. Ger. hola; f.[?] hernia, Grff. iv. 848.]
heal-ærn, es; n. A house with a hall, palace, Beo. Th. 156; B. 78.
heald, es; n. Hold, guardianship, protection, rule :-- Hí gecuron Harold tó healdes ealles Engla landes they chose Harold to rule over all England, Chr. 1036; Erl. 164, 14. Wit synd ðisra landa hald and mund we two will be a protection and a defence to these lands, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iv. 73, 5. [Orm. hald support: Icel. hald; n. upholding, support, custody, keeping.] v. ge-heald.
heald; adj. Bent, inclined :-- Ðeáh hí síen ásigen tó yfele and ðider healde though they are sunk to evil and thither inclined, Bt. 24, 4; Fox 84, 29. Ealle bióþ of dúne healde wið ðære eorþan all are bent down towards the earth, 41, 6; Fox 254, 28. Ða men lágon áþænede on ðære eorþan mid of dúne healdum ondwleotan the men lay stretched out on the ground with faces turned downwards, Shrn. 81, 26. [Icel. hallr leaning, sloping: O. H. Ger. hald clivus, obliquus, pronus.]
healdan, haldan; p. heóld; pp. healden. I. to HOLD, keep, grasp, retain, restrain, confine, contain :-- Héht Petrus and Paulus on bendum healdon ordered Peter and Paul to be kept in bonds, Blickl. Homl. 189 17: Bt. Met. Fox 1, 141; Met. 1, 71. Gif se hláford wiste ðæt se oxa hnitol wǽre and hine healdan nolde if the lord knew that the ox were wont to push with its horn, and would not keep it in, L. Alf. 23; Th. i. 52, 12. Se wísa hilt his sprǽce and bítt tíman the wise man restrains his speech and bides his time, Past. 33, 4; Swt. 220, 14. Afene streám healt ðone norþende the river Avon bounds the north side, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 466, 21. Jacob heóld ðone yldran bróðer Esau be ðam fét Jacob held the elder brother Esau by the foot, Homl. Th. i. 110, 22: Beo. Th. 1581; B. 788. Hé heóld his ǽhta him tó wlencum he kept his possessions for his own glory, Blickl. Homl. 53, 8. Judéi heóldon heora eáran the Jews stopped their ears, Homl. Th. i. 46, 33. Genim ðás ylcan wyrte and heald hý mid ðé take this same plant and keep it with you, Herb. 111, 3; Lchdm. i. 224, 22. Gif hé næbbe ǽhta ðonne healde hine man tó dóme if he have no property, then let him be held to judgment, L. Ed. 6; Th. i. 162, 21: L. C. S. 43; Th. i. 402, 1. Se ðe ofer ðæne dæg hit healde ágyfe ðam bisceope ðæne penig and ðǽrtó xxx penega he that keeps it [Peter's pence] beyond that day, let him pay the penny to the bishop and thirty pence besides, L. C. E. 9; Th. i. 366, 16. Healde ðonne on his múþe of ðam ecede lange hwíle let him hold some of the vinegar in his mouth a long while, Herb. 181, 4; Lchdm. i. 318, 2. Hú nytt rehton wé nú and rímdon ða cǽga búton wé eác feáwum wordum ætiéwen hwæt hie healden of what use were it to describe and enumerate the keys, unless in a few words we shew what they lock up, Past. 23; Swt. 178, 12. Wæterfatu healdende ǽnlípige twýfealde gemetu oððe þrýfealde. Nis gecweden ðæt ða wæterfatu sume heóldon twýfealde gemetu, sume þrýfealde waterpots holding singly two or three measures. It is not said that some of the waterpots held two, some three measures, Homl. Th. ii 56, 21-5. II. to hold, have, possess, occupy, inhabit :-- Hie leng ne mágon healdan heofonríce they may not longer occupy the heavenly kingdom, Cd. 35; Th. 45, 25; Gen. 732: 26; Th. 33, 34; Gen. 530. Fundon on sande hlínbed healdan ðone ðe him hringas geaf they found him who had given them rings occupying a couch on the sand, Beo. Th. 6060; B. 3034. Ðú ðe heofonhámas healdest and wealdest qui habitas in cælo, Ps. Th. 122, 1. Hér Cynegils féng tó ríce and heóld xxxi wintra in this year Cynegils came to the throne and held it thirty-one years, Chr. 611; Erl. 20, 34. Ðǽr heó ǽr mǽste heóld worolde wynne in whom before she had had her chief joy in this life, Beo. Th. 2163; B. 1078: 6079; B. 3043. Úre ieldran ða ðe ðás stówa ǽr hióldon our forefathers who occupied these places before, Past. pref; Swt. 5, 14: Beo. Th. 2432; B. 1214. III. to rule, govern :-- Hie sealdon ánum unwísum cyninges þegne Miercna ríce tó haldanne they gave Mercia to a foolish king's thane to rule, Chr. 874; Erl. 76, 28: Beo. Th. 3709; B. 1852. Gif hé hí rihtlícor healdan wolde ðonne hé ǽr dyde if he [Ethelred] would rule them more righteously than he had done before, Chr. 1014; Erl. 150, 7: 1083; Erl. 217, 5. Ðú eorþbúende ealle healdest gentes in terra dirigis, Ps. Th. 66, 4. Heóld ðæt folc teala he ruled that people well, Cd. 62, Th. 74, 34; Gen. 1232: Beo. Th. 114; B. 57. Eác áh hláforda gehwylc ðæs for mycle þearfe ðæt hé his men rihtlíce healde also every lord has very great need to rule his men with justice, L. C. E. 20; Th. i. 372, 13. IV. to behave, conduct [one's self] :-- Hú se sacerd hine healdan sceal and se diácon quomodo sacerdos et diaconus se gerere debeant, L. Ecg. P. iii. pref. v; Th. ii. 194, 29. Nolde ða béc ágifan ǽr heó wyste hú getríwlíce hé hi [hine?] æt landum healdan wolde she would not give up the charters before she knew with what faith he would conduct himself [or treat her?] as regarded the lands, Chart. Th. 202, 27. Wé sceolan eall úre líf on eáðmódnesse healdan we should lead all our life in humility, Blickl. Homl. 13, 1. Heó hit heóld ǽr tó fæste wið hine she had before dealt too hardly with him, Chr. 1043; Erl. 168, 10. Gif hé hine heólde swá swá hé sceolde if he conducted himself as he ought, L. R. 7; Th. i. 192, 15. Ic lǽrde weras ðæt hie be him ánum getreówlíce hie heóldan I taught husbands to act faithfully, having to do with their wives only, Blickl. Homl. 185, 24. V. to guard, defend, keep, preserve, protect, maintain, sustain, regard, observe, take heed :-- Him behéton ðet hí woldon ðisne eard healdan they promised him that they would defend this land, Chr. 1012; Erl. 147, 10. Se ðe sceal healdan Israéla folc wið feóndum qui custodit Israel, Ps. Th. 120, 4. Ðá héht Neron healdan Simones líc þrý dagas Nero ordered Simon's body to be kept three days, Blickl. Homl. 189, 20. Hí ǽfre woldon fryþ and freóndscype in tó ðisan lande haldan they would ever maintain peace and friendship towards this land, Chr. 1066; Erl. 201, 37. Uton healdan unc ðæt wit ne wénan swá swá ðis folc wénþ let us guard ourselves from thinking as this people thinks, Bt. 40, 2; Fox 236, 28. Healdan ðone hálgan sunnan dæg to keep the holy Sunday, Lchdm. iii. 226, 2. Ðæt hé hý healdan wille swá wær his wíf sceal that he will keep her as a man shall his wife, L Edm. B. 1; Th. i. 254, 6. Utan ǽnne cynehláford holdlíce healdan let us loyally support one royal lord, L. Eth. v. 35; Th. i. 312, 21: vi. 1; Th. i. 314, 11. His múþ hé sceal symble from yfelum wordum healdan he shall ever keep his mouth from evil words, L. E. I. 21; Th. ii. 416, 33, Clǽnnysse healdan castitatem servare, L. Ecg. P. iii. 5; Th. ii. 198, 2. Wé sceolan ða tén bebodu healdan we ought to keep the ten commandments, Blickl. Homl. 35, 11. Sceolde ic mínne bróðor healdon am I my brother's keeper? Gen. 4, 9. Ðære heorde ðe hí healdan sceoldan to the flock that they should have kept, Blickl. Homl. 45, 15. Hí ne dorstan nán gefeoht healdan wið Willelm cynge they dared not have any battle with king William, Chr. 1075; Erl. 214, 8. Oðer æt hám beón heora land tó healdanne oðer út faran tó winnanne vicissim curam belli et domus custodiam sortiebantur, Ors. 1, 10; Swt. 46, 17. Tó healdenne, Blickl. Homl. 11, 25. Se ðe hylt Israhél qui custodit Israel, Homl. Th. ii. 230, 7. Swá swá sealt hylt ǽlcne mete wið forrotodnysse as salt preserves every meat from corruption, 536, 19. Healdeþ meotudes ǽ keeps the law of the Lord, Exon. 62 b; Th. 229, 19; Ph. 457. Wið óðrum unþeáwum hí sylfe healdaþ they keep themselves from other vices, Homl. Th. ii. 550, 25. Ne ða Eástron swá healdaþ swá wé healdaþ nec Pascha ita observant uti nos observamus, L. Ecg. P. add. 5; Th. ii. 232, 18. Ðíne gebróðru healdaþ scép on Sichima thy brethren are keeping sheep in Shechem, Gen. 37, 13, 2. Ebréi healdaþ heora geáres annginn on lenctenlícre emnihte the Hebrews keep the beginning of their year at the spring equinox, Lchdm. iii. 246, 17. Ða gelǽredan hine healdaþ bé ðisum foresǽdan gesceáde the learned consider it in accordance with the aforesaid distinction, 266, 11, Ðú heólde míne líchaman wið ǽlce besmittennysse thou hast kept my body from every defilement, Homl. Th. i. 74, 30. Hine swá lange heóld óð ðæt man hire gryþ salde she held the castle until they made terms with her, Chr. 1076; Erl. 214, 18. Se cyng heóld his híréd on Winceastre the king held his court at Winchester, 1085; Erl. 218, 39. Ðonne hí wǽron be eáston ðonne heóld man fyrde be westan when the Danes were to the east then the 'fyrd' was assembled to the west, 1009: Erl. 144, 5. Heó hyt swýðe deórwyrþlíce heóld she held it very dearly, St. And. 38, 3. Ða weardas heóldon ðæs cwearternes duru the keepers kept the door of the prison, Homl. Th. ii. 382, 4. Wé náðor ne heóldon ne láre ne lage Godes ne manna swá swá wé scoldon we have not kept as we should the doctrine or law of God or men, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 107, 80. Ðá heóldon ða Judéi on heálícum gewunan the Jews then held it as a solemn custom, Homl. Th. ii. 252, 8. Heald ðonne georne ðæt se mete sí gemylt observe then carefully that the meat be digested, L. M. 2, 69; Lchdm. ii. 284, 2. Heald ðæt hie ne hrínan eorþan ne wætre take care that they do not touch earth or water, L. M. 3, 1; Lchdm. ii. 306, 7. Ásette gé ðone líchoman tó ðære byrgenne and hine ðǽr healdaþ swá ic eów bebeóde put down the body in the tomb and keep it there as I shall bid you, Blickl. Homl. 147, 32. Healden hie hie ðæt hie ne weorðen ealdormenn tó forlore hira hiéramonnum caveat ne fiat subditis auctor ruinæ, Past. 10, 2; Swt. 63, 16. Hit betere wǽre ðæt heora seht tógædere wurde ðonne hý ǽnige sace hym betweónan heóldan it would be better for them to come to an agreement than to maintain a suit between them, Chart. Th. 377, 4: Blickl. Homl. 109, 16. VI. to hold out, last, hold on, continue, hold with :-- Hé hét ðæt werod healdan feste wið feóndum he bade that band stand fast against the foes, Byrht. Th. 134, 51; By. 102. Hé wel healdeþ stondeþ stíðlíce it holds well, stoutly it stands, Exon. 93 b; Th. 351, 27; Sch. 86. Feáwa óðre ðe mid ðam eorle gyt heóldan a few others that still continued with the earl, Chr. 1106; Erl. 241, 7. Ðá nolde seó burhwaru ábúgan ac heóldan mid fullan wíge ongeán the citizens would not submit but held their ground against him by all warlike means, Chr. 1013; Erl. 148, 12. Hig heóldon þurh ða brycge they held on their way through the bridge, 1052; Erl. 184, 23. Hí heóldon ofer sǽ tó Flandran they took their way across the sea to Flanders, 1075; Erl. 214, 9. [Cf. halda as a nautical term in Icelandic, Cl. & Vig. p. 233, col. 1.] [Goth. haldan to hold, keep, keep sheep: O. Sax. haldan: O. Frs. halda: Icel. halda: O. H. Ger. haltan servare, custodire: Ger. halten.] DER. an-, be-, for-, ge-, ofer-, tó-, ymb-healdan.
healdend, es; m. One who holds, keeps, sustains, rules, a guardian, keeper, ruler :-- Hér líþ beheáfdod healdend úre here lies our ruler beheaded, Judth. 12; Thw. 25, 32; Jud. 290. Ic ðæs folces beó hyrde and healdend I will be the people's shepherd and keeper, Cd. 106; Th. 139, 25; Gen. 2315. Se hálga healdend and wealdend the holy preserver and ruler, Andr. Kmbl. 450; An. 225. Se healdend the ruler, Cd. 98; Th. 130, 17; Gen. 2161. From ðam healdende ðe mé hringas geaf from the guardian who gave me rings, Exon. 105 b; Th. 402, 1; Rä. 21, 23. Mið haldendum cum custodibus, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 27, 66. v. healdan.
heald-nes, -ness, e; f. Holding, keeping, observance :-- Ealles mǽst ymb eástrena healdnyssa maxime in Pascha observando, Bd. 2, 4; S. 505, 7.
heálede; adj. Ruptured, hydrocelous :-- Heálede hirniosus, Ælfc. Gl. 76; Som. 71, 126; Wrt. Voc. 45, 29. Heálede ydropicus, Wrt. Voc. 283, 62. Heálede ponderosus, Past. 11, 7; Swt. 73, 4, 9, 11: Herb. 78, 2; Lchdm. i. 182, 1: Lchdm. iii. 144, 26. [Cf. Icel. haula ruptured: O. H. Ger. holoht ponderosus, cui humor viscerum in virilia labitur.] v. heála.
healf, e; f. I. a half :-- Healfe ðý swétre sweeter by half, Bt. Met. Fox 12, 18; Met. 12, 9. II. side, part :-- Mid ðæm worde biþ gecýðed hwæþer healf hæfþ ðonne sige with that phrase [asking permission to bury the dead] is declared which side has the victory, Ors. 3, 1; Swt. 100, 9. Him be healfe stód cniht by his side stood a youth, Byrht. Th. 136, 16; By. 152. Fram ðære uferran healfe from the upper part, L. M. 1, 27; Lchdm. ii. 68, 14. On ðás healfe hac: on ða healfe illac: on ða swíðran healfe dextrorsum: on ða winstran healfe sinistrorsum, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Som. 40, 4, 6. Ðǽr stent fang leóma of hwílum on áne healfe hwílum on ǽlce healfe there stands out from it a long light, sometimes on one side, sometimes on every side, Chr. 891; Erl. 88, 20. On ǽgðere healfe on either side, 1014; Erl. 150, 15. Hí heregodon on heora healfe and Cnut on his healfe they harried on their side and Cnut on his, 1016; Erl. 154, 23: 1025; Erl. 163, 10. On twá healfe ðære eás on both sides of the river, 896; Etl. 94, 11. Gif ðú fǽrst tó ðære winstran hælfe ic healde ða swíðran healfe gif ðú ðonne ða swíðran healfe gecíst ic fare tó ðære winstran healfe if thou wilt take the left hand then I will go to the right hand; or if thou depart to the right hand then I will go to the left, Gen. 13, 9: 48, 13. [Goth. halba: O. Sax. halba: O. Frs. halve: Icel. hálfa: O. H. Ger. halb, halba, Grff. iv. 882-6: Ger. halbe.]
healf; adj. HALF :-- Mé næs be healfan ðǽle ðín mǽrþ gecýdd thy greatness was not half told me, Homl. Th. ii. 584, 23. Sié be healfum ðæm ðonne sió bót let the fine then be half that, L. Alf. pol 11; Th. i. 68, 18: 39; Th. i. 88, 2: L. M. 2, 65; Lchdm. ii. 292, 17. Gé ðǽr búgiaþ on ðam fíftan dǽle healfum londes and unlondes ye there dwell in the half of the fifth part [in the tenth part, cf. l. 25] of land and not-land, Bt. 18, 1; Fox 62, 23. Heó mid ðæm healfan dǽle beforan ðæm cyninge farende wæs swelce heó fleónde wǽre with half the army she was going before the king as if she were fleeing, Ors. 2, 4; Swt. 76, 27. Healfne sealde ðæm þearfan and mid healfum hine sylfne besweóp he gave half [his cloak] to the poor man and wrapped himself up with half of it, Blickl. Homl. 215, 7. Ðeáh ðú wylle healf míne ríce licet demedium regni mei, Mk. Skt. 6, 23: Lk. Skt. 19, 8. Habban hí ðone brýce healfne and healfne ða munecas let them have half the usufruct, and the monk's half, Chart. Th. 547, 19. Heó healfne forcearf ðone sweoran him she half cut through his neck, Judth. 10; Thw. 23, 4; Jud. 105. Sele ðonne ðæt healf tó drincanne then give half of it to drink, L. M. 2, 2; Lchdm. ii. 180, 23. Hie wǽron simle healfe æt hám healfe úte always half of them were at home and half out, Chr. 894; Erl. 90, 17: Ors. 2, 6; Swt. 86, 25. Ic wille ðæt man frigæ hæalue míne men I desire that half my men should be freed, Chart. Th. 522, 5. Æfter óðer healf hund daga after a hundred and fifty days, Gen. 8, 3. He heóld ðæt ríce óðrum healfum læs ðe xxx wintra he reigned twenty-eight years and a half, Chr. 901; Erl. 96, 24. Hit biþ óðres healfes fótes gemet bufan ðæm heáfde it is a foot and a half above the head, Shrn. 69, 2. Se bát wæs geworht of þriddan healfre hýde the boat was made of two and a half hides, Chr. 891; Erl. 88, 9. Ic him sylle vii æcras feórþe helfne on ánum stede and feórþe halfne an óðrum stede I give him seven acres, three and a half in one place and three and a half in another, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 263, 12-15. Nán rén ne com ofer eorþan feórþan healfan geáre no rain came upon the earth for three years and a half, Lchdm. iii. 276, 19. Ðæt wæs ehtoþe healf híd that was seven hides and a half, Chart. Th. 550, 12. Seofon and twentigoþan healfes fótes twenty-six feet and a half long, Lchdm. iii. 218, 4, 12, 16, 19. [Goth. halbs: O. Sax. half: O. Frs. half: Icel. hálfr: O. H. Ger. halb: O. Frs. has the same use of half with the ordinals, other, thredda, fiarda, etc., half; so O. H. Ger. has anðar halb, dritde halp, Grff. iv. 890: so Ger. In Icel. the ordinal is placed after hálfr, hálfr annarr, etc.]
healf-clǽmed; adj. Half finished [of house built with mud] :-- Mín ðæt healfclǽmede hús my half-finished mud-hut, Shrn. 39, 20.
healf-clypigende; adj. Semi-vowel :-- Healfclypigende semivocales, Ælfc. Gr. 2; Som. 2, 55, 56.
healf-cwic; adj. Half alive, half dead :-- Halfcwic semivivus; half dead, Lk. Skt. Lind. 10, 30. Helfcuicne, Past. 17; Swt. 125, 8. Funde hiene ǽnne be wege licgan healfcucne invenit in itinere solum relictum et extrema vitæ efflantem, Ors. 3, 9; Swt. 128, 14. Sume healfcwice flugon on fæsten some half-dead fled to the fastness, Elen. Kmbl. 266; El. 133: Blickl. Homl. 203, 19.
healf-deád; adj. Half dead, palsied on one side :-- Wið ðære healf-deádan ádle for the half-dead disease [hemiplegia], L. M. 2, 59; Lchdm. ii. 280, 1: L. M. 1, 79; Lchdm. ii. 152, 2.
healf-eald; adj. Half grown, of middle age :-- Halfeald swín half-grown swine, L. M. 2, 37; Lchdm. ii. 246, 2.
healf-heáfod, es; n. The fore part of the head; sinciput, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 78; Som. 14, 24.
healf-hunding, es; m. A creature having a dog's head :-- Healf-hundingas cenocephali, Nar. 34, 30: 22, 15.
healf-hwít; adj. Half white, whitish; subalbus, Ælfc. Gl. 79; Som. 72, 73; Wrt. Voc. 46, 30.
healf-mann, es; m. Half man :-- Halfmann semivir, Ælfc. Gr. 8; Som. 7, 23.
healf-penig-wurþ, es; n. A halfpennyworth, L. C. E. 12; Th. i. 366, 32.
healf-reád; adj. Reddish :-- Healfreáde peran crustumie vel volemis vel insana vel melimendrum, Ælfc. Gl. 60; Som. 68, 40; Wrt. Voc. 39, 25.
healf-slǽpende; adj. Half asleep :-- Ætýwde him gamalielus gást healfslǽpendum the spirit of Gamaliel appeared to him when half asleep, Shrn. 113, 5.
healf-soden; adj. Half cooked :-- On healfsodenum mete in semicocto cibo, L. Ecg. C. 40; Th. ii. 166, 2: Med. ex Quadr. 7, 2; Lchdm. i. 356, 18.
healf-trendel, es; n. A hemisphere :-- Healftryndel, emisperia, Ælfc. Gl. 49; Som. 65, 71: Wrt. Voc. 34, 6.
healfunga; adv. By halves, partially, imperfectly :-- Ðe shundredes ealdor geneálǽhte ðam Hǽlende ná healfunga ac fulfremedlíce this centurion did not approach the Saviour by halves, but fully, Homl. Th. i. 126, 23. Hit is nyttre ðæt hit mon healfunga sprece it is better that it should be said in part only, Past. 31; Swt. 207, 7: 32; Swt. 209, 22. Gif wé healfunga and be summm dǽle heora gódan weorc secgeaþ si quædam illorum bona ex latere requiramus, 211, 16.
healf-weard, es; m. One who has a share of another's property or power :-- Hé sette hine on his húse to halfwearde ealra him his ǽhta anweald betǽhte constituit eum dominum domes suæ, et principem omnis possessionis suæ, Ps. Th. 104,17.
healf-wudu, a; m. Field-balm; calamintha nepeta, L. M. 1, 47; Lchdm. ii. 118, 1.
heal-gamen, es; m. Hall-mirth, song, Beo. Th. 2136; B. 1066.
healh, halh [in the declension the final h seems to be omitted before an inflection]; m. A word of doubtful meaning. Kemble, Cod. Dipl. iii. xxix. translates it hall, probably originally a stone building. Leo, A. S. Names, p. 52, takes it to be the same word as ealh. Somner gives healh-stán crusta, collyrida. In form it agrees with Latin calx. The following are some of the passages in which the word occurs :-- Se westra eásthealh, Cod. Dipl. iii. 19, 6. On ðone west halh, 18, 25. Óþ cyninges healh, i. 257, 33. On Scottes healh; of ðam heale, vi. 2, 2. In Streónes halh; of ðam hale, 214, 25. On Hengestes healh; of Hengestes heale, iii. 80, 20. In Titten halh, 52, 11. [The word seems to have the same force as haga in the same charter, as æt Batenhale and æt Batanhagan both occur.] Æt Wreodanhale, i. 166, 18. On Rischale; of Rischale, iii. 399, 18. On hwítan heal; of hwítan heale, iii. 444, 4-5. On ða halas, iii. 34, 13. On fearnhealas; of fearnhealan, iii. 81, 14-5. On cotan healas, v. 401, 34. Tó hǽþhalan; of hǽþhalan, iii. 77, 13. Streónes halh, Bd. 4, 23; S. 592, 37. On Streónes heale, Chr. 680; Erl. 40, 13. [Strenaeshalch quod interpretatur Sinus fari, Bd. 3, 25; S. 132, 7.]
healic, es; m. A herring; halec :-- Healic óðer sǽfisc herring or seafish, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 250, 26.
heá-líc; adj. High, elevated, lofty, sublime, proud, chief, very great, noble, distinguished, deep, profound :-- Nán gereord nis swá heálíc swá Ebréise no language is so noble as Hebrew, Homl. Th. ii. 86, 28. Abram ðæt is heálíc fæder Abram, that is, great father, i. 92, 13. Leóht swilce heálíc sunnbeám a light like a splendid sunbeam, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 100, 152. Swíðe heálic nama a name of great distinction, Blickl. Homl. 167, 31: L. E. I. 40; Th. ii. 438, 11. Is án ðæra eahta winda aquilo geháten se blǽwþ heálíc and ceald one of the eight winds is called aquilo; it blows high and cold, Lchdm. iii. 276, 5. Heálíc on his weorcum actione præcipuus, Past. 12; Swt. 75, 8. Gebletsod ys Abram ðam heálícan Gode ... and gebletsod ys se heálíca God blessed be Abram of the most high God ... and blessed be the most high God, Gen. 14, 19, 20. Nis nán leahter swá heálíc ðæt man ne mǽge gebétan there is no crime so deep that it may not be expiated, Homl. Th. ii. 602, 20. Hé næs ácweald þurh ðam heálícan fylle he was not killed by the fall from such a height, 300, 20. Mid heálícum gedwylde through profound error, 506, 27. On heálícum gemóte in a principal meeting, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 67, 348. Ðæt lengtenfæsten mon sceal mid swíðe heálícre gýmene healdan the fast of Lent ought to be kept with the very greatest care, L. E. I. 37; Th. ii. 436, 5. Heálíc þingc ðú ðǽrmid ongitst thereupon thou wilt observe a remarkable thing, Herb. 57, 2; Lchdm. i. 160, 1. Swá heálícne dem his ágnes hryres alta ruinæ suæ damna, Past. 58, 2; Swt. 441, 26. Hafaþ heálíce stefne hath an excellent voice, Exon. 79 b; Th. 298, 31; Crä . 93. Heálíce bodan archangels, Homl. Th. i. 342, 26: L. Eth. vii. 2; Th. i. 330, 6. Gif hie hwæt suá heálícra yfela on him ongieten if they perceive any very great evil in them; si qua valde sunt eorum prava, Past. 28, 5; Swt. 197, 6. On heálícum muntum on lofty hills, Homl. Th. ii. 160, 29. Wé lǽraþ ðæt man wið heálíce synna scylde swýðe georne we instruct people to guard very diligently against very great sins, L. C. E. 23; Th. i. 374, 6. Heálíce gegaderunga legitima conjugia, L. Ecg. C. 28; Th. ii. 152, 35. Spræc heálig word wið drihten sínne spoke proud words against his lord, Cd. 15; Th. 19, 21; Gen. 294, Ǽlc sáwul sý underþeód heálícrum anwealdum let every soul be subjected to the higher powers, Homl. Th. ii. 362, 17. Se is heálicost seðe ðone martyrdóm æfter Gode ástealde he is most exalted who was the first,martyr after God, i. 50, 1. Ða recceras scoldon þencean ymb ðæt hélícuste and ða underþióddan scoldon dón ðæt unweorðlícre a subditis inferiora gerenda suet, a Rectoribus summa cogitanda, Past. 18, 3; Swt. 131, 19.
hea-líce; adv. Highly, on high, excellently :-- Is ðín mildheort mód áhafen heálíce magnificatur misericordia tua, Ps. Th. 107, 4: 137, 6. Heálíce ða Cyricean reccende ecclesiam sublimiter regens, Bd. 5, 19; S. 639, 12. Seó gódnys is of ðam Scyppende se ðe is heálíce gód that goodness is from the Creator, who is supremely good, Homl. Th. i. 238, 19. Se ðe on heofonum is heálíce sittende who sitteth on high in heaven, ii. 318, 3: 254, 27. Heálíce geweorþod highly honoured, Blickl. Homl. 125, 18. Ðus heálíce in such a high degree, 123, 2. Ðonne fremaþ hit heálíce it will do very great good, Herb. 4, 2; Lchdm. i. 90, 7. Hé wolde ðæt his lof ðé heálícor weóxe he desired that his praise should grow the greater, Blickl. Homl. 33, 30. Heálícost fremede was beneficial in the highest degree, Herb. 73, 3; Lchdm. i. 176, 10.
heá-lícness, e; f. Loftiness, sublimity, greatness :-- Heálícnyss sublimitas, Hymn Surt. 74, 26. Seó heofenlíce heálícnyss wearþ geopenod the greatness of heaven was revealed, Homl. Th. i. 106, 31.
heall, e; f. A hall, residence :-- Heall aula, Ælfc. Gl. 61, 107; Som. 78, 89; Wrt. Voc. 58, 4. Mycel and rúm heall atrium, 109; Som. 79, 21; Wrt. Voc. 58, 61. Seó heall ðæs Hálgan Gástes the residence of the Holy Ghost, Blickl. Homl. 163, 13. Heal, Beo. Th. 2307; B. 1151. On his ðære hálgan healle in aula sancta ejus, Ps. Th. 95, 8, Hé dreám gehýrde hlúdne in healle loud merriment he heard in the hall, Beo. Th. 178; B. 89: Cd. 210; Th. 261, 1; Dan. 719. Hie tó his healle ne tó his híréde eft wendan noldan they would not return to his [Nero's] residence nor household, Blickl. Homl. 173, 18. On cynges healle in the king's hall, L. Alf. pol. 7; Th. i. 66, 7, 8: L. R. 2; Th. i. 190, 17. Ða heofenlícan healle innférde entered the heavenly hall, Homl. Th, i. 52, 20. [O. Sax. halla: Icel. höll: O. H. Ger. halla aula, palatium, templum: Ger. halle.] DER. gif-, medo-heall.
heal-líc; adj. Belonging to a hall or palace; aulicus, palatinus, Cot. 194, Lye.
heall-reáf, es; n. A piece of tapestry for a hall :-- Ælfwine ic geann ánen heallreáfes I give to Alfwine a piece of tapestry, Chart. Th. 530, 35.
heall-wahrift, es; n. Tapestry for hanging on the wall of a hall :-- Ic geann mínum suna ánes heallwahriftes, Chart. Th. 530, 33.
HEALM, es; n. I. HAULM, straw, stem or stalk of grass, stalk of a plant :-- Healm culmus, Ælfc. Gl. 59; Som. 67, 127; Wrt. Voc. 38, 49. Healmes láf stipulæ, Som. 67, 129; Wrt. Voc. 38, 51. Gán and gadrion him sylfe ðæt healm let them go and gather straw for themselves, Ex. 5, 7. Swá windes healm sicut stipulam ante faciem venti, Ps. Th. 82, 10. Genim rigen healm and beren take rye and barley straw, L. M. 1, 72; Lchdm. ii. 148, 11. II. a roof of straw[?] :-- Ciricsceat mon sceal ágifan tó ðam healme and tó ðam heorþe ðe se mon on biþ tó middum wintra ciricsceattum, debet reddere homo a culmine et mansione, ubi residens erit in Natali, L. In. 61; Th. i. 140, 13. [Prompt. Parv. halm stipula: Icel. hálmr; m. straw: O. H. Ger. halm; m. culmus, calamus, stipula, festuca: Ger. halm: Grk. κάλαμos a reed.]
healm-streaw, es; n. Straw, stubble :-- Healmstreaw stipulam, Ps. Spl. 82, 12.
healoc, es; m. n.[?] A hollow, corner, bending :-- Hér sint tácn áheardodre lifre ge on ðám læppum and healocum and filmenum here are symptoms of a hardened liver both on the lobes and hollows and membranes, L. M. R. 21; Lchdm. ii. 204, 5. [Cf.(?) Prompt. Parv. halke angulus, latibulum: Chauc. halke, corner.] v. holc, hylca.
heal-reced, es; n. A palace :-- Hé healreced hátan wolde medoærn micel men gewyrcean he would bid men make a palace, a great mead-house, Beo, Th. 136; B. 68.
heals, hals, es; m. The neck, the prow of a ship :-- Se hals the neck, Exon. 60 a; Th, 218, 22; Ph. 298. Gehæfted be ðdam healse fastened by the neck, Cd. 19; Th. 24, 29; Gen. 385. Heals ealne ymbeféng he clasped all the neck, Beo. Th. 5376; B. 2691. Lét his francan wadan þurh ðæs hysses hals he let his weapon pass through the man's neck, Byrht. Th. 135, 60; By. 141. [Orm. halls: Piers P. Chauc. hals: Prompt. Parv. hals collum, amplexatorium: Goth. O. Frs. O. Sax. O. H. Ger. hals: Icel. háls neck, part of the bow of a ship.]
heals-beág, es; m. A ring for the neck, necklace; monile, collare, Beo. Th. 4350; B. 2172. [O. H. Ger. hals-pouc torques.]
heals-beorh; gen. -beorge; f. A protection for the neck, gorget, hauberk, Hpt. Gl. 521, 423. [Icel. háls-björg a gorget: O. H. Ger. hals-pirc, -perg pectoria, lorica.]
heáls-bóc, e; f. A book which brings safety, an amulet, a phylactery, Mt. Kmbl. 23, 5. [Icel. háls-bók a book to swear upon.] v. háls.
healsed, healsod, healscod a cloth for the head :-- Healsed caputium, Cot. 170, Lye. In halsado in sudario, Lk. Skt. Lind. 19, 20. Mið halsodo sudario, Jn. Skt. Rush. [halscode, Lind.] 11, 44. Halsodu sudarium [hascode, Lind.] 20, 7.
healseta, an; m. Se ealdormon rád þurh sumne wudu ðú rǽsde án næddre of holum treowe æt ðam healsetan him on ðone bósm and hyne tóslát ðæt hé wæs sóna deád, Shrn. 144, 27.
heals-fæst; adj. Stiff-necked, stubborn, Cd. 102; Th. 135, 5; Gen. 2238.
heals-fang, es; n. A term occurring in the laws which Thorpe thus defines: 'The sum every man sentenced to the pillory would have had to pay to save him from that punishment had it been in use.' The word occurs in the following passages :-- Gif ceorl búton wífes wísdóme deóflum gelde hé síe ealra his ǽhtan scyldig and healsfange if a married man without his wife's knowledge sacrifice to idols let him be liable in all his possessions and his 'heals-fang,' L. Wih. 12, 11, 14; Th. i. 40, 5, 2, 10. Gylde man cxx scill. tó healsfange æt twelfhyndum were. Healsfang gebyreþ bearnum bróðrum and fæderan ne gebyreþ nánum mǽge ðæt feoh búte ðam ðe sý binnan cneówe. Of ðam dæge ðe ðæt healsfang ágolden sý..., L. E. G. 13; Th. i. 174, 23-7: L. Edm. S. 7; Th. i. 250, 20: L. Eth. vi. 51; Th. i. 328, 11; L. C. S. 37: Th. i. 398, 13: 45; Th. i. 402, 14: 61; Th. i. 408, 19: L. C. F.14; Th. i. 428, 7: L. H. 11, 7, 10; Th. i. 521, 5, 10: 76, 6; Th. i. 582, 4. Schmid A. S. Gesetze, p. 609, suggests a different origin from that given by Thorpe, 'Es liegt nahe, an die Berechnung der Verwandtschaftsgrade nach den Gliedern des menschlichen Leiber zu denken, wo dann die nächsten Verwandten, die auf den Halsfang Anspruch haben, in den Hals zu stehen kommen könnten, und damit hängt vielleicht Zusammen, dass die Gradberechnungen nicht von dem gemeinschaftlichen Stammvater, sondern dessen Kindern beginnen, sodass die näherstehenden Verwandten als binnan cneówe befindlich bezeichnet werden konnten.' But while this explanation might suit the circumstances described in the passage given above, from Edmund's Laws, it would not be applicable in the earlier passage from Wihtræd's Laws. Schmid seems to refer the penalty, in its origin, too exclusively to cases of killing: 'Eine Geldbusse, die bei einer Tödtung in Verbindung mit dem Wergeld an die nächsten Verwandten des Getödteten gezahlt werden musste, die aber auch sonst zur Bestimmung der Grösse einer Busse genannt wird.' [Cf. Icel. háls-fang; n. embracing: háls-fengja to embrace.]
heals-gebedda, an; f. A bedfellow, consort around whose neck the arms are thrown, one dearly loved, Beo. Th. 126; B. 63. v. heals-mægeþ.
heals-gund, es; m. A swelling in the neck; struma, L. M. 1, 4; Lchdm. ii. 44, 10, 13, 15, etc.
heal-sittende; pl. People sitting in a hall, Beo. Th. 4035; B. 2015: 5728; B. 2868.
heals-mægeþ, e; f. A virgin embraced and beloved, Cd. 98; Th. 130, 6; Gen. 2155. v. heals-gebedda.
heals-mene, -myne, es, m. A necklace, chain for the neck :-- Hé dyde gyldene healsmyne ymbe his swuran he put a gold chain about his neck, Gen. 41, 42. [O. Sax. hals-meni; n: Icel. háls-men; n.]
heals-ome, an; f. A humour in the neck, Lchdm. iii. 4, 26.
healsre-feðer, e; f. The feathers of a pillow, down :-- Hnescre ic eom micle halsrefeðre I am much softer than down, Exon. 111 b; Th. 426, 28; Rä. 41, 80. [Cf. O. H. Ger. halsare cervical.]
heals-wiða, an; m. A necklace :-- Me healswiðan hláford sealde my lord has given me a chain for my neck, Exon. 102 b; Th. 387, 12; Rä. 5, 4.
heals-wyrt, e; f. In Lchdm. ii. Gloss. are given the following plant-names :-- I. Campanula trachelium, Dan. halsurt: Ger. halswurz, halskraut: Du. halskrind. II. Hare's ear; bupleurum tenuissimum. III. Scilla autumnalis. IV. Symphytum album.
HEALT; adj. HALT, lame, limping :-- Healt claudus, Wrt. Voc. 75, 35. Gif hé healt weorþ if he become lame, L. Ethb. 65; Th. i. 18, 14. Hæfdon him tó ládteówe ǽnne wísne mon, þéh hé healt wǽre and him tó gielpworde hæfdon ðæt him leófre wǽre ðæt hie hæfdon healtne cyning ðonne healt ríce they had as their leader a wise man though he was lame, and made it their boast that they had rather the king halted than the kingdom, Ors. 3, 1; Swt. 96, 28-31: Mt. Kmbl. 18, 8. Him tó eodan blinde and healte the blind and halt went to him, Blickl. Homl. 71, 21: Nicod. 2; Thw. 1, 29: Elen. Kmbl. 2427; El. 1215: Andr. Kmbl. 1155; An. 578. [Goth. halts: O. Sax. O. Frs. halt: Icel. haltr: O. H. Ger. halz.]
heal-þegen, es; m. A hall-thane, one who resides or is occupied in a hall, Beo. Th. 287; B. 142: 1443; B. 719.
healtian; p. ode; pp. od To halt, limp, be lame :-- Ic healtige claudico, Ælfc. Gr. 28; Som. 31, 27. Hí nú gyt heora ealdan gewunon healdaþ and from rihtum stígum healtiaþ ipsi adhuc inveterati et claudicantes a semitis suis, Bd. 5, 22; S. 644, 19. Hý healtodan on heora wegum claudicaverunt a semitis suis, Ps. Th. 17, 43. Ne healtigeaþ leng ut non claudicans quis erret, Past. 1l, 1; Swt. 65, 18.
heal-wudu, a; m. The woodwork of a hall, Beo. Th. 2639; B. 1317.
heamol, hamol[?]; adj. Frugal; frugi, Cot. 86, Lye. [Cf.(?) O. H. Ger. hamal mutilus.]
heán; adj. Low, mean, abject, poor, humbled, humble :-- Hiora heorte wæs heán on gewinnum humiliatum est in laboribus cor eorum, Ps. Th. 106, 11. Ic heán gewearþ hé mé hraðe lýsde humiliatus sum et liberavit me, 114, 6. Nánig eft síðade heán hyhta leás none returned cast down and hopeless, Exon. 46 a; Th. 157, 25; Gú. 897. Ðá ðú heán and earm ǽrest cwóme when abject and poor thou first didst come, 39 a; Th. 129, 23; Gú. 425. Démaþ ðam rícan swá ðam heánan and ðam litlan swá ðam miclan judge the high as the low, and the little as the great, Deut. 1, 17: Homl. Th. i. 64, 30. Hú uncúþ biþ ǽghwylcum ánum men his lífes tíd ǽghweðer ge rícum ge heánum ge geongum ge ealdum how unknown to every single man is the period of his life, both to the rich man and to the poor, to the young and to the old, Blickl. Homl. 125, 8. Habbaþ mé gehnǽged heánne tó eorþan humiliavit in terra vitam meam, Ps. Th. 142, 3. Ǽgðer ge welige ge heáne simul in unum dives et pauper, 48, 2. Swá ríce swá heáne vel divites vel pauperes, Bd. 3, 5; S. 526, 30. Se scearpa deáþ ðe ne forlét ne ríce menn ne heáne se hine genam stern death who spares neither rich men nor poor, that seized him, Chr. 1086; Erl. 220, 35. Hí hí sylfe léton ǽgðer ge for heáne ge for unwrǽste ultima propemodum desperatione tabuerunt, Ors. 3, 1; Swt. 98, 22. Hí taliaþ ðé wyrsan for heánan gebyrdan ða ðe heora yldran on worolde ne wurdan welige they account the worse, for their humble birth, those whose forefathers were not rich in a worldly point of view, L. Eth. vii. 21; Th. i. 334, 2. Ne wandige hé ná for rícum ne for heánum non vereri potentes neque humiles, L. Ecg. P. i. 1; Th. ii. 172, 3. Heánra burhwered vulgus vel plebs, Ælfc. Gl. 8; Som. 56, 82; Wrt. Voc. 18, 37. Heánra man vel ceorlíc ǽhta peculium, 13; Som. 57, 122; Wrt. Voc. 22, 59. Se heánra hád the weaker sex, Exon. 9 a; Th. 7, 10; Cri. 99. Ne se heárra derige ðam heánran nor let the higher injure the lower, L. I. P. 7; Th. ii. 314, 1. Ðeáh hit se læsta wǽre and se heánosta though it were the least and the lowest, Blickl. Homl. 169, 23. [Laym. hæne, hene: Goth. hauns: O. H. Ger. hón humilis, infamis.]
heán; p. heáde; pp. heád To raise, heighten, exalt, advance :-- Mid singalum bysenum árfæstre wyrcnysse hé ongan heán and miclian continuis piæ operations exemplis provehere curavit, Bd. 2, 4; S. 505, 19. Heáþ and hebbaþ exalt and raise, Exon. 93 a; Th. 349, 6; Sch. 42. [Goth. hauhjan to exalt: O. H. Ger. hóhjan exaltare: Ger. erhöhen exalt, raise.]
heáne; adv. Ignominiously, shamefully, abjectly :-- Ðú sylfa mé heáne gehnǽgdest humiliasti me, Ps. Th. 118, 71. Scyldigra scólu áscyred weorþeþ heáne from hálgum the band of the guilty shall with shame be separated from the holy, Exon. 31 b; Th. 98, 17; Cri. 1609: 75 b; Th. 283, 16; Jul. 681. Swá hé sýn fram ðínes handa heáne ádrifene quidem ipsi de manu tua expulsi sunt, Ps. Th. 87, 5. [In some of these passages the word may be a case of the adjective rather than an adverb.]
heán-líc; adj. Ignominious, disgraceful, vile, poor :-- Tó heánlíc mé þinceþ ðæt gé mid úrum sceattum tó scype gangon unbefohtene too shameful methinks that ye with our treasures should go to your ships without a struggle, Byrht. Th. 133, 25. Swíðe nearewe sent and swíðe heánlíce ða menniscan gesǽlþa very scanty and very poor are human felicities; anxia enim res est humanorum conditio bonorum, Bt. 11, 1; Fox 30, 26: Ors. 2, 5; Swt. 84, 12. [O. H. Ger. hón-líh infamis, fœdus, ridendus, dedecor, indecor.]
heán-líce; adj. Ignominiously, ingloriously, disgracefully, miserably, humbly :-- Fauius heánlíce hámweard óþfleáh Fabius ignominiously fled homewards, Ors. 3, 10; Swt. 140, 13. Ne lǽt swá heánlíce ðín haudgeweorc forwurþan let not thine handiwork so miserably perish, Hy. 7, 111; Hy. Grn. ii. 289, 111: Exon. 8 a; Th. 3, 4; Cri. 31: 13 a; Th. 23, 21; Cri. 372.
heán-mód; adj. Dejected, cast down, humiliated :-- Ic sceal sárigferþ heánmód hweorfan with sorrowing spirit and with dejected mind must I go, Exon, 52 b; Th. 184, 32; Gú. 1353. Ic sceal feor ðonan heánmód hweorfan I must go far thence with humiliated heart, 71 a; Th. 265, 32; Jul. 390.
heán-spédig; adj. Scantily, poorly endowed :-- Ðý læs hé forhycge heánspédigran lest he despise the more scantily endowed, Exon. 78 b; Th. 295, 1; Crä. 26.
heáp, es; m. [generally, but ðeós earme heáp occurs, Cd. 215; Th. 270, 9; Sat. 87.] A HEAP, pile, great number, host, multitude, crowd, band, troop, body of people, assembly, company :-- Galað ðæt is gewitnesse heáp Golaad acervus testimonii interpretatur, Past. 48, 2; Swt. 367, 5. Se hálga heáp héhfædera and wítgena the holy host of patriarchs and prophets, Blickl. Homl. 81, 9. Fyrenfulra þreát heáp synnigra peccatores, Ps. Th. 91, 6. Þegna heáp a troop of thanes, Beo. Th. 805; B. 400. Be ðam gesǽligan heápe ðe mid ðam Hǽlende on ðisum lífe drohtnode of the blessed company that lived with the Saviour in this life, Homl. Th. ii. 520, 22. Of ðam yfelan heápe gehádodra manna be ðám ðe úre Drihten cwæþ 'multi dicunt mihi, etc.' of that evil band of men in orders about whom our Lord said, 'many will say to me, etc.' L. Ælfc. P. 40; Th. ii. 380, 36: Apstls. Kmbl. 17; Ap. 9. Sum sceal on heápe hæleþum cwéman one shall in company give pleasure to men, Exon. 88 a; Th. 331, 32; Vy. 77. Gewíteþ mid ðý wuldre mǽre tungol faran on heápe the great star departs accompanied with that glory, 93 b; Th. 350, 26; Sch. 69. Hwanon ferigeaþ gé heresceafta heáp whence bear ye a heap of war shafts, Beo. Th. 675; B. 335. Hengestes heáp Hengest's band, 2186; B. 1091. His ðone gecorenan heáp electos suos, Ps. Th. 104, 38: L. Ælfc. P. 21; Th. ii. 372, 3. Getalu vel heápas vel hundredu centurias, Ælfc. Gl. 96; Som. 76, 25; Wrt. Voc. 53, 34. Hine ðá ða heápas frugnon hwæt hie wyrcean mihton ðæt hie Godes erre beflugon when the multitudes asked him [John] what they could do to escape God's wrath, Blickl. Homl. 169, 10: Cd. 161; Th. 202, 2; Exod. 382. Biscopan and gehálgodan heápan for bishops and consecrated bodies, L. Eth. Vii. 24; Th. i. 334, 23. Heápum in troops, Cd. 81; Th. 101, 36; Gen. 1693: 189; Th. 235, 6; Dan. 302: Exon. 15 b; Th. 34, 29; Cri. 549: Judth. 11; Thw. 23, 39; Jud. 163. [O. Sax. hóp: O. Frs. háp: cf. Icel. hópr a troop, flock: O. H. Ger. houf strues, acervus: Ger. haufe.] DER. gár-, wíg-heáp.
heáp-mælum; adv. In heaps, by troops, bands, companies, flocks :-- Telle ðú and Aaron heápmǽlum thou and Aaron shalt number them by their armies, Num. 1, 3. Ne wæs ðá ylding tó ðon ðæt hí heápmǽlum, cóman máran weorod of ðám þeódum ðe wé ǽr gemynegodon non mora ergo confluentibus certatim in insulam gentium memoratarum catervis, Bd. 1, 15; S. 483. 31. Ða dumban niétenu hie hie gadriaþ heápmǽlum and hie ætsomne fédaþ gregatim animalia bruta pascuntur, Past. 46, 4; Swt. 349, 23. Hý him heápmǽlum sylfe on hand eodon they flocked to surrender to him, Ors. 4, 5; Bos. 83, 8. [O. H. Ger. huufmalum catervatim.]
heápung, e; f. A heaping, heap :-- Onfóþ hine and on ða heápunge eówre niðerunge gelǽdaþ accipite et in cumulum damnationis vestræ ducite, Bd. 5, 13; S. 633, 14.
HEARD, hard; adj. HARD, harsh, austere, severe, rigorous, stern, stubborn, firm, hardy, brave :-- Hond and heard sweord the hand and the hard blade, Beo. Th. 5011; B. 2509. Ic wát ðæt ðú eart heard mann scio quia homo durus es, Mt. Kmbl. 25, 24. Heard is ðeós sprǽc this is an hard saying; durus est hic sermo, Jn. Skt. 6, 60. Heó wæs ǽror ðam cynge hire suna swíðe heard she had been before very hard to the king her son, Chr.1043; Erl. 168, 36: Cd. 103; Th. 136, 20; Gen. 2261. Se mon se ðe nú démeþ ðǽm earmun búton mildheortnesse, ðonne biþ ðam eft heard dóm geteód the man who now judges the poor without mercy, on him shall a hard sentence be then passed in requital, Blickl. Homl. 95, 36: Cd. 22; Th. 28, 7; Gen. 432. Him nǽnig gewin hér on worlde tó lang ne tó heard þuhte no labour here in the world seemed to him too long or too hard, Blickl. Homl. 227, 3; Cd. 17; Th. 20, 30; Gen. 317. Hunger se hearda severe famine, 86; Th. 108, 32; Gen. 1815. Ðǽr wæs heard plega wælgára wrixl there was hard fighting exchange of deadly darts, 93; Th. 120, 5; Gen. 1989: Elen. Kmbl. 229; El. 115. Hé wæs ánrǽd heard and hygeróf he was resolute, hardy and noble-minded, Andr. Kmbl. 465; An. 233: Beo. Th. 689; B. 342. Ðes hearda heáp this stout band, 868: B. 432. Wíges heard bold in battle, 1776; B. 886: Exon. 78 b; Th. 295, 27; Crä. 39; Byrht. Th. 135, 38; By. 130: Andr. Kmbl. 1677; An. 841. Hé wæs heardes cynnes he was of a brave race, Byrht. Th. 139. 39; By. 266. Ðone deópan grund ðæs hátan léges and ðæs heardan léges the deep abyss of hot and cruel flame, Blick. Homl. 103, 15. Hine ðá gegyrede mid hǽrenum hrægle swíðe heardum and unwinsumum he clothed himself with raiment of hair very hard and unpleasant, 221, 24. Ic hafu gecnáwen on heardum hyge ðæt ðú hǽlend eart middangeardes I have acknowledged in my stubborn heart that thou art the saviour of the world, Elen. Kmbl. 1614; El. 800. Beóp ðé hungor and þurst hearde gewinnan hunger and thirst will be hard adversaries to thee, Exon. 36 b; Th. 118, 28; Gú. 246. Ða heardan heortan the hard hearts, Past. 21, 3; Swt. 154, 2. Ða heardan þrowunga ðe hé ádreág the hard sufferings that he endured, Blickl. Homl. 97, 15. Ic hine heardan clammum wríðan þohte I thought to bind him with hard bonds, Beo. Th. 1931; B. 963. Mé þinceþ ðæt ðú wǽre ðám ungelǽredum mannum heardra ðonne hit riht wǽre videtur mihi quia durior justo indoctis auditoribus fuisti, Bd. 3, 5; S. 527, 32. Hige sceal ðé heardra ðé úre mægen lytlaþ our courage shall be the stouter as our force lessens, Byrht. Th. 140, 62; By. 312. Nó is gefrægn heardran feohtan I have never heard of a harder fight, Beo. Th. 1157; B. 576. Nǽfre hé ǽr ne siððan heardran hæle fand never before or since did he find a stouter warrior, 1442; B. 719. Se líchoma ðonne on ðone heardestan stenc and on ðone fúlostan biþ gecyrred the body then shall be turned to the strongest and foulest stench, Blickl. Homl. 59, 12. Ða ðe gecwedene syndon ða heardestan men who [the Scythians] are said to be very hardy men, Ors. 1, 2; Swt. 30, 3. [Goth. hardus: O. Sax. hard: O. Frs. herd: Icel. harðr: O. H. Ger. hart, harti, hert, herti durus, rigidus, asper, acer: Ger. hart.]
heard-cwide, es; m. Harsh language, reproach, abuse, contumely :-- Ic geþolade hosp and heardcwide I suffered scorn and contumely, Exon. 29 a; Th. 88, 22; Cri. 1444.
hearde; adv. Severely, very much, greatly, sorely :-- Ðá cwæþ se Hǽlend ðæt him hearde þyrste then said Jesus that he was sore athirst, Homl. Th. ii. 256, 31. Hearde ofsceamode sorely ashamed, 518, 31. Ðæs ðe wé wénaþ and hearde ondrǽdaþ according to what we expect and very much fear, L. Ælfc. P. 40; Ll. ii. 380, 35. Hine ðæs heardost langode hwanne hé of ðisse worlde móste he very earnestly longed for the time when he might leave this world, Blickl. Homl. 227, 1: Bt. 36, 2; Fox 174, 28.
heard-ecg; adj. Hard of edge :-- Ðá wæs on healle heardecg togen sweord then in the hall was drawn the sword hard of edge, Beo. Th. 2581; B. 1288: 2984; B. 1490: Elen. Kmbl. 1513; El. 758: Exon. 102 b; Th. 388, 15; Rä. 6, 8. v. other compounds with ecg.
heard-fyrde; adj. Difficult to carry :-- Ðǽr oninnan bær eorl hard-fyrdne dǽl goldes there within bore the earl a weighty portion of gold, Beo. Th. 4483; B. 2245.
heard-heáwa, an; m. A chisel; scalprum, Som.
heard-heort; adj. Hard-hearted, stiff-necked :-- Heardheort biþ se mann ðe nele þurh lufe óðrum fremigan ðǽr ðǽr hé mæg that man is hard of heart who will not from love benefit others when he can, Homl. Th. i. 252, 19. Hwá is swá heardheort ðæt ne mæg wépan swylces ungelimpes who is so hard of heart that he cannot weep at such misfortunes, Chr. 1086; Erl. 219, 40. His folc is hardheort thou art a stiff-necked people, Ex. 33, 3, 5: Homl. Th. i. 108, 22: ii. 258, 22. Gé sind ealra folca ungeleáfulluste and heardheorteste ye are of all nations the most unbelieving and most stiff-necked, Deut. 9, 6.
heard-heortness, e; f. Hard-heartedness :-- Hwæt is seó stǽnige eorþe búton heardheortnyss what is the stony ground but hard-heartedness, Homl. Th. ii. 90, 35. Þurh ðone wah seó heardheortnes ðara hiéremonna per parietem duritia subditorum, Past. 21, 3; Swt. 153, 24. Ic can eówre heardheortnisse I know thy stiff neck, Deut. 31, 27.
heard-hicgende; adj. Bold in purpose, Beo. Th. 793; B. 394: 1602; B. 799.
heardian; p. ode To be or become hard, to harden :-- Ic heardige dureo and duro, Ælfc. Gr. 35; Som. 38, 6: 37; Som. 39, 26: Herb. 1, 19; Lchdm. i. 76, 18: 2, 11; Lchdm. i. 84, 4. Ðæt wyrmþ and heardaþ ðone magan it warms and hardens the stomach, L. M. 2, 10; Lchdm. ii. 188, 18. Ðonne onginþ sió heardian then the liver begins to harden, 19; Lchdm. ii. 200, 25.
hearding, es; m. A brave man, warrior, hero, Elen. Kmbl. 50; El. 25: 260; El. 130: Runic pm. Kmbl. 344, 1; Rún. 22. [Cf. æðeling and v. Grmm. D. M. 316, 321.]
heard-líc; adj. Severe, fierce, hard, strict :-- Heardlíc eornost severe seriousness, L. I. P. 10; Th. ii. 318, 37: Andr. Kmbl. 3100; An. 1553: Exon. 116 b; Th. 447, 10; Dóm 37. Heardlícu wítu severe punishments, 69 b; Th. 258, 11; Jul. 263.
heard-líce; adv. Hardly, sorely, harshly, sternly, bravely, stoutly :-- Heardlíce duriter, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Som. 41, 41. Se Godes man ongan heardlíce and bitterlíce wépan the man of God began to weep sorely and bitterly; solutus est in lacrymis, Bd. 4, 25; S. 600, 29. Hé heardlíce gewon wið Æþelbald cyning he struggled hard with king Ethelbald, Chr. 741; Erl. 46, 30. Ðet landfolc hardlíce wiðstódon the people of the country withstood them stoutly, 1046; Eri. 171, 4. Hé spræc heardlícor wið hig ðonne wið fremde men he spoke more harshly to them than to strangers, Gen. 42, 8. [O. Sax. hard-líko.]
heard-lícness, e; f. Hardness, severity, strictness :-- Sume hí sǽdon ða heardlícnysse his lífes some of them told the severity of his life, Guthl. 27; Gdwin. 70, 15.
heard-mód; adj. Of a hard, unyielding spirit, self-confident, stout-hearted, brave :-- Eádig biþ se man ðe symle biþ forhtigende and sóþlíce se heardmóda befylþ on yfel blessed is the man that is ever fearing; and verily the self-confident man shall fall into evil, Homl. Th. i. 408, 30. Hæleþas heardmóde heroes stouthearted, Cd. 15; Th. 19, 2; Gen. 285. [O. H. Ger. hart-muat obstinatus; hart-móti constantia, obstinatio, duritia. Cf. O. Sax. hard-módig: Icel. harð-móðigr.]
heard-módness, e; f. Hardness of mind or heart :-- Stán is gesett ongeán ðone hláf forðan ðe heardmódnys is wiðerrǽde sóþre lufe a stone is put in opposition to bread, because hardness of mind is contrary to true love, Homl. Th. i. 252, 18.
heard-neb, -nebb; adj. Having a hard beak [epithet of the raven] :-- Ðá cwæþ se hálga tó ðám heardnebbum then said the saint to the ravens, Homl. Th. ii. 144, 15. v. other compounds of neb.
heardness, e; f. Hardness :-- For eówer heortan heardnesse ad duritiam cordis vestri, Mt. Kmbl. 19, 8: Mk. Skt. 10, 5. Ðú æteówdest ðínum folce heardnyssa ostendisti populo tuo dura, Ps. Lamb. 59, 5.
heardra, an; m. The name of a fish :-- Heardra mulus vel mugilis, Ælfc. Gl. 102; Som. 77, 64; Wrt. Voc. 55, 68: mullus, Wrt. Voc. 77, 63.
heard-rǽd; adj. Steadfast, firm, Cd. 107; Th. 141, 21; Gen. 2348. [Cf. Icel. harð-ræði hardiness.]
heard-sǽlig; adj. Having hard fortune, unfortunate, unhappy :-- Sum biþ wonspédig heardsǽlig hæle one is indigent, an unfortunate man, Exon. 78 b; Th. 295, 12; Crä. 32: Bt. 31, 1; Fox 112, 20: Exon. 115 a; Th. 442, 27; Kl. 19.
heard-sǽlness, e; f. Misfortune, calamity :-- Ðá com eác seó ofermǽte heardsǽlnes then came also the excessive calamity, Ors. 3, 5; Swt. 104, 17.
heard-sǽlþ, e; f. A hard fate, ill fortune, misfortune, unhappiness, wickedness, misconduct :-- Gong inn and geseoh ða heardsǽlþa and ða sconde ðe ðás hér dóþ ingredere et vide abominations pessimas quas isti faciunt hic, Past. 21, 3; Swt. 155, 8. Ic wolde gewýscan gif ic mihte ðæt hí næfdon ða heardsǽlþa ðæt hí mihton yfel dón uti hoc infortunio cito careant, patrandi sceleris possibilitate deserti, vehementer exopto, Bt. 38, 2; Fox 198, 4. Hit gebyrede þurh ða heardsǽlþa ðara wrítera ðæt hí for heora slǽwþe and for gímeléste and for recceléste forléton unwriten ðara monna dǽda ðe on hiora dagum foremǽroste wǽron quam multos clarissimos suis temporibus viros scriptorum inops delevit oblivio, 18, 3; Fox 64, 33.
heard-wendlíce; adv. Severely, strictly :-- Heardwendlíce [MS. B. heardlíce] districtius, Bd. 4, 25; S. 601, 40.
hearg-træf, es; n. A heathen temple, Beo. Th. 353; B. 175.
hearg-, herig-weard, es; m. A guardian of a temple, Andr. Kmbl. 2249; An. 1126.
hearh, hearch, herh, es; m: pl. hearga, f. A temple, an idol :-- Se ylca hearh quod fanum, Bd. 2, 15; S. 518, 35. Sona ðæs ðe hé gelíhte tó ðam hearge ðá sceát hé mid his spere ðæt hit sticode fæste on ðam hearge nec distulit ille, mox ut propiabat fanum, profanare illud, injecta in eo lancea quam tenebat, 13; S. 517, 11. Siððan hé fór tó ðæm hearge ðe Egypti sǽdon ðæt hé wǽre Amones heora godes inde ad templum Jovis Ammonis pergit, Ors. 3, 9; Swt. 126, 23. Hé on ðam ylcan hearhge wigbed hæfde tó Cristes onsægdnyssa and óðer tó deófla onsægdnysse in eodem fano et allare haberet ad sacrificium Christi et arulam ad victimas dæmoniorum, Bd. 2, 15; S. 518, 33. Hie onhnigon tó ðam herige they bowed to the idol, Cd. 181; Th. 227, 3; Dan. 181. Gif ǽnig man gelýfe on Moloches hearch if any man believe on Moloch, Lev. 20, 2. Hé hét his geféran tóworpon ealne hearh and ða getymbro and forbærnan jussit sociis destruere ac succendere fanum cum omnibus septis suis, Bd. 2, 13; S. 517, 14. Ealle ða hearga(s?) [cf. Swt. 157, 7] universa idola, Past. 21, 3; Swt. 153, 22. Cwæþ ðæt his hergas hýrran wǽron and mihtigran mannum tó friðe ðonne Israéla éce drihten he said that his idols were greater and more mighty for the protection of men than the eternal Lord of the Israelites, Cd. 210; Th. 260, 25; Dan. 715. On westhealfe Alexandres herga aras Alexandri magni, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 8, 17. Ne ic ne clypige tó heora godum ne tó heargum ne gebidde mid míne múþe nec memor ero nominum eorum per labra mea, Ps. Th. 15, 4. Ða wuldriaþ in hergum heara qui gloriantur in simulacris suis, Ps. Stev. 96, 7. Ðá ongunnon hí ða heargas edniwian cæperunt fana restaurare, Bd. 3, 30: S. 561, 42: 562, 15. Mid ðý hé sóhte hwá ða wigbed and ða heargas ðara deófolgylda mid heora hegum ðe hí ymbsette wǽron ǽrest áídlian and tóweorpan scolde cum quæreret quis aras et fana idolorum cum septis quibus erant circumdata primus profanare deberet, 2, 13; S. 516, 39. Heora hergas tówearp templa subvertit, Ors. 3, 7; Swt. 114, 2: Exon. 14 b; Th. 30, 28; Cri. 485. And geeáþmédaþ hira hearga et adoraverint simulacra eorum, Ex. 34, 15. Ne wirc gé eów hearga ne ágrafene godas ... eówre hearga ic tóbrece ye shall make you no idols rear graven image ... I will cut down your images, Lev. 26, 1, 30. [Icel. hörgr; m. 'a heathen place of warship, an altar of stone, erected on high places, or a sacrificial cairn, built in open air, and without images,' Cl. and Vig. Dict: O. H. Ger. haruc, haruch, harug; m. lucus, nemus, fanum, delubrum, ara. The word perhaps occurs in the sense of grove in Exon. 54 b; Th. 192, 25; Az. 110. Grein so translates the word in this passage.]
HEARM, herm, es; m. HARM, hurt, injury, evil, grief, affliction, pain, injurious speech, calumny, insult :-- Hýnþ vel lyre vel hearm dispendium vel damnum vel detrimentum, Ælfc. Gl. 81; Som. 73, 24; Wrt. Voc. 47, 29. Eác is hearm gode módsorg gemacod pain also and heart-sorrow is caused to God, Cd. 35; Th. 47, 2; Gen. 754. Nán hearm ne biþ ðeáh hit nó ne gewyrðe there is no harm if it do not happen, Bt. 41, 3; Fox 250, 4. Ic forhele ðæt mé hearmes swá fela Adam gespræc eargra worda I will conceal that Adam spoke so much calumny, so many evil words to me, Cd. 27; Th. 36, 30; Gen. 579: 30; Th. 41, 24; Gen. 661: Exon. 10 a; Th. 11, 15; Cri. 171. Hé onfunde Godes ierre on ðam hearme ðe his bearne æfter his dagum becom in damnationem secuturæ prolis ex eo iram judicis pertulit, Past. 4, 1; Swt. 39, 4. Nó hé mid hearme gæst ne grétte not with insult did he greet the guest, Beo. Th. 3788; B. 1892. Huscworde ongan herme hyspan with words of contumely and insult began to revile him, Andr. Kmbl. 1341; An. 671. Gif hwæs weorc forbyrnþ, hé hæfþ ðone hearm and biþ swá ðeáh gehealden þurh fýr if any one's work is consumed he has the loss, and yet shall be saved by fire, Homl. Th. ii. 588, 30. Hí gefeordon máran hearm and yfel ðonne hí ǽfre wéndon ðæt heom ǽnig burhwaru gedón sceolde they got more damage and hurt than they ever expected any citizens would cause them, Chr. 994; Erl. 133, 13.Ǽr hí tó mycelne hearm gedydon before they did too much harm, 1004; Erl. 139, 20: Cd. 196; Th. 245, 6; Dan. 458. Ealle synt uncre hearmas gewrecene all our injuries are avenged, 35; Th. 47, 12; Gen. 759. Nyste ðæt hearma swá fela fylgean sceolde monna cynne knew not that so many ills to mankind must follow, 33; Th.44, 13; Gen. 708: Andr. Kmbl. 2889; An. 1447. Mé is ðæt hearma mǽst that is greatest of griefs to me, Byrht. Th. 138, 21; By. 233. [O. Sax. harm pain, grief: Icel. harmr grief, sorrow, harm: O. H. Ger. harm calamitas, calumnia, contumelia, ærumna, iujuria: Ger. harm grief, sorrow.]
hearm = hreám[?] L. E. G. 6; Th. i. 170, 10, see note there and Schmid, p. 123.
hearm, herm; adj. Causing harm or sorrow, grievous, injurious, evil, malicious :-- Herm bealowes gást the malicious spirit of evil, Cd. 228; Th. 307, 19; Sat. 682. Hé mé álýsde of hearmum worde ipse liberavit me a verbo aspero, Ps. Th. 90, 3. Ða inwit and fácen hycgeaþ on heortan þurh hearme geþoht qui cogitaverunt malitias in corde, 139, 2. Tugon longne síð in hearmra hond went a long journey into the power of evil ones, Exon. 62 a; Th. 228, 20; Ph. 441. Ne hyld ðú míne heortan ðæt ic hearme word þuruh inwitstæf útforlǽte ut non declines cor meum in verbum malum, Ps. Th. 140, 5.
hearma, an; m. A shrew-mouse[?]; nebila, Ælfc. Gl. 19; Som. 59, 6; Wrt. Voc. 22, 50. [O. H. Ger. harmo mygale.]
hearm-cwalu, e; f. Grievous destruction, Exon. 31 b; Th. 98, 18; Cri. 1609.
hearm-cwedelian; p. ode To speak ill of, calumniate :-- Ná hearm-cwedelodon mé ofermóde non calumnientur me superbi, Ps. Spl. 118, 122.
hearm-cweðan; p. -cwæþ To revile, speak ill of :-- Mið ðý menn iuih harmcueðaþ cum homines vos exprobaverint, Lk. Skt. Lind. 6, 22. Hearmcuǽdon him convitiabantur ei, Mk. Skt. Lind. 15, 32.
hearm-cweðend, es; m. A calumniator :-- Hé ða hermcweðend hýneþ humiliabit calumniatorem, Ps. Th. 71, 5.
hearm-cwide, es; m. Injurious, abusive speech, calumny, blasphemy, a sentence pronouncing harm or sorrow :-- Heora hearran hearmcwyde their lord's sentence, Cd. 29; Th. 39, 12; Gen. 625. Judéa cynn wið godes bearne áhóf hearmcwide the race of the Jews against God's son blasphemed, Andr. Kmbl. 1121; An. 561: 157; An 79. Áhrede mé hearmcwidum heánra manna redime a calumniis hominum, Ps. Th. 118, 134: Exon. 24 a; Th. 69, 15; Cri. 1121. [O. Sax. harm-quidi: O. H. Ger. harm-qhuiti calumnia.]
hearm-cwidian, -cwiddian; p. ode To revile, calumniate, speak ill of :-- Ongan hine hyspan and hearmcwiddigan [-cwidian, Cott.] he began to revile and speak ill of him, Bt. 18, 4; Fox 66, 33.
hearm-cwidol; adj. Given to speak evil, calumnious :-- Gebiddaþ for hearmcwidele orate pro calumniantibus, Mt. Kmbl. 5, 44. Ðá wǽron hí æfter æþelborennysse oferhýdige and hearmcwydole in consequence of noble birth they were haughty and given to speak contemptuously of others, Homl. Th. ii. 174, 8.
hearm-edwít, es; n. Grievous reproach, Ps. Th. 68, 21.
heárm-fullíc; adj. Harmful, hurtful :-- Swurdboran hine gewordene gesihþ hearmfullíc getácnaþ to see one's self become a gladiator betokens something hurtful, Lchdm. iii. 204, 26.
hearm-heortness, e; f. Murmuring, grieving; murmuratio, Cot. 187, Lye.
hearmian; p. ode To harm, hurt, injure :-- Gif preóst óðerne un-warnode lǽte ðæs ðe hé wite ðæt him hearmian wille if a priest leave another unwarned of that which he knows will harm him, L. N. P. L. 33; Th. ii. 294, 26: Lchdm. iii. 202, 33. Gif ðú hine forgitst hit hearmaþ ðé sylfum and ná Gode if thou forgettest him it harms thyself and not God, Homl. Th. i. 140, 31. Ðeáh ðe hit hearmige sumum though it may do harm to some, H. R. 105, 36. [O. H. Ger. harmén calumniari: Ger. härmen to afflict, grieve: cf. Icel. hermask to be annoyed.]
hearm-leóþ, es; n. A sorrowful song, lamentation :-- Hearmleóþ galan to sing a song of grief, Andr. Kmbl. 2256; An. 1129: 2684; An. 1344. Hearmleóþ ágól earm and unlǽd wretched and miserable sang a mournful song, Exon. 74 b; Th. 279, 18; Jul. 615.
hearm-líc; adj. Hurtful, injurious, painful, miserable, grievous :-- Hearmlíc him wǽre ðæt hé wurþe ðá éce it would have been hurtful for him to become eternal then, Hexam. 18; Norm. 26, 17. Ðæt wæs hreówlíc and hearmlíc that was sad and grievous, Chr. 1057; Erl. 192, 21. [O. Sax. harm-lík.]
hearm-loca, an; m. An enclosed place where hurt or affliction is suffered, a prison :-- Wræcstówe under hearmlocan gefóran they reached their place of exile in hell, Cd. 5; Th. 6, 19; Gen. 91. Hé his maguþegne under hearmlocan hǽlo ábeád he announced safety to his servant in prison, Andr. Kmbl. 189; An. 95: 2058; An. 1031: Elen. Kmbl. 1386; El. 695.
hearm-plega, an; m. Strife, Cd. 90; Th. 114, 2; Gen. 1898.
hearm-scearu, e; f. What is imposed as a punishment or penalty ['was zur pein and qual auferlegt wird,' Grmm. R. A. 681] :-- Wyrþ him wíte gegearwod sum heard harmscearu for them punishment will be prepared, some severe penalty, Cd. 22; Th. 28, 7; Gen. 432: 37; Th. 48, 25; Gen. 781: 38; Th. 51, 19; Gen. 829. [O. Sax. harm-skara: O. Frs. herm-skere: O. H. Ger. harm-, harmm-skara plaga, percussio, afflictio, castigatio, contritio, dejectio, calamitas, supplicium, scantinea, Grff. vi. 529.]
hearm-sceaða, an; m. A grievous, pernicious spoiler, Beo. Th. 1536; B. 766.
hearm-slege, es; m. A grievous blow, Exon. 28 b; Th. 88, 4; Cri. 1435.
hearm-sprǽc, e; f. Slander; calumnia, Som.
hearm-sprǽcol; adj. Calumnious, Som. v. hearm-cwidol.
hearm-sprǽcolness, e; f. Slandering, traducing, Som.
hearm-stæf, es; m. Hurt, harm, sorrow, trouble, affliction :-- Wé nú gehýraþ hwǽr ús hearmstafas onwócan we now hear whence troubles arose for us, Cd. 45; Th. 58, 1; Gen. 939. Ne móstun hý Gúþláces gæste sceððan ... ac hý áhófun hearmstafas they might not injure Guthlac's spirit ... but they raised up troubles, Exon. 35 b; Th. 115, 35; Gú. 200. [Cf. other compounds of stæf]
hearm-tán, es; m. A twig of sorrow or evil, Cd. 47; Th. 61, 4; Gen. 992.
hearpe, hærpe, an; f. A harp :-- Hearpe cithara, Wrt. Voc. 73, 56: Ps. Th. 56, 10. Psalm æfter hærpan sang canticum: ǽr hærpan sang psalmus, Ælfc. Gl. 34; Som. 62, 57, 58; Wrt. Voc. 28, 37, 38. Ðǽr was hearpan swég there was the sound of the harp, Beo. Th. 179; B. 89: 4908; B. 2458: 6039; B. 3023: 4517; B. 2262: 4221; B. 2107. Se hearpan ǽrest handum sínum hlyn áwehte he first awaked with his hands the sound of the harp, Cd. 52; Th. 66, 5; Gen. 1079. Ðonne ðǽr wæs blisse intingan gedémed ðæt hí ealle sceoldan þurh endebyrdnesse be hearpan singan ðonne he geseah ða hearpan him neálǽcean ðonne árás hé cum esset lætitiæ causa ut omnes per,ordinem cantare deberent ille ubi adpropinquare sibi citharam cernebat surgebat, Bd. 4, 24; S. 597. 6. Ic ðé on sealmfatum singe he hearpan psallam tibi in cithara, Ps. Th. 70, 20: Exon. 86 b; Th. 325, 1; Víd. 105. Ne biþ him tó hearpan hyge ... se ðe on lagu fundaþ he has no mind to the harp ... who on the ocean puts forth, 82 a; Th. 308, 23; Seef. 44. Sum sceal mid hearpan æt his hláfordes fótum sittan feoh þicgan one shall at his lord's feet sit with the harp and receive treasure, 88 a; Th. 332, 4; Vy. 80. Sum mid hondum mæg hearpan grétan one with his hands can touch the harp, 79 a; Th. 296, 11; Cri; 49: 91 b; Th. 344, 10; Gn. Ex. 171: 17 b; Th. 42, 8; Cri. 669. [Icel. harpa: O. H. Ger. harfa plectrum, chelys, psalterium, cythara: Ger. harfe.]
hearpe-, hearp-nægel, es; m. An instrument for striking the strings of a harp :-- Hearpnægel plectrum, Ælfc. Gl. 71; Som. 70, 96; Wrt. Voc. 43, 27. Apollonius his hearpenægl genam Apollonius took his harp-nail, Ap. Th.17, 7.
hearpene, an; f. A nightingale; aëdon, Cot. 19, Lye.
hearpere, es; m. A harper :-- Hearpere citharedus, Ælfc. Gl. 114; Som. 80, 8; Wrt. Voc. 60, 44: citharista, 73, 55. Án hearpere wæs on ðære þeóde ðe Thracia hátte ... ðæs nama wæs Orfeus there was a harper in Thrace whose name was Orpheus, Bt. 35, 6; Fox 166, 29: Past. 23; Swt. 175, 7. [Icel. harpari: O. H. Ger. harfere citharedus.]
hearpestre, an; f. A female harper :-- Hearpestre citharista, Ælfc. Gl. 114; Som. 80, 9; Wrt. Voc. 60, 45.
hearpe-streng, es; m. A harp-string :-- Hé ða hearpestrengas mid cræfte ástirian ongan he began to move the strings of the harp skilfully, Ap. Th. 17, 8. [Icel. hörpu-strengr.]
hearpian; p. ode To play on the harp, to harp :-- Hé mihte hearpian ðæt se wudu wagode he could play on the harp so that the wood moved, Bt. 35, 6; Fox 166, 32: Ap. Th. 16, 16. Fægere hé hearpaþ pulcre citharizat, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Som. 41, 31. Ða hwile ðe hé hearpode whilst he played on the harp, Bt. 35, 6; Fox 170, 5. Stefen swǽ hearpara hearpandra in hearpum sínum vocem sicut cytharedorum cytharizantium in cytharis suis, Rtl. 47, 24.
hearp-sang, es; m. A song to the harp, a psalm :-- Hearpsang psalmus, Ælfc. Gl. 34: Som. 62, 56; Wrt. Voc. 28, 36.
hearp-slege, es; m. A striking, playing of the harp :-- On hearpan and on hearpslege and on stefne sealmcwides in cithara, in cithara et voce psalmi, Ps. Lamb. 97, 5. [Icel. hörpu-slagr striking the harp.]
hearp-swég, es; m. The sound of the harp :-- Sealmleóþ and hearp-swég psalterium et cythara, Blickl. Gloss.
hearpung, e; f. Harping, playing on the harp :-- Hé hí hæfþ geearnod mid his hearpunga he hath deserved her by his harping, Bt. 35, 6; Fox 170, 8.
hearra, herra, hierra, an; m. A lord. The use of this word, which occurs only in poetry, is noticeable. It occurs twenty-three tines in that part of the Genesis [vv. 235-851] for which Sievers claims an old Saxon origin, and only four times elsewhere, Cd. 192; Th. 240, 28; Dan. 393: Judth. 10; Thw. 22, 9; Jud. 56: Byrht. Th. 137, 51; By. 204: Chr. 1065; Erl. 198, 13. [In the Heliand herro occurs frequently. Icel. has harri, herra: O. H. Ger. herro: Grff. iv. 991.]
hearste-, hierste-panne, an; f. A frying-pan :-- Hé him tǽhte ðæt hé him genáme áne íserne hearstepanna tu sume tibi sartaginem ferream, Past. 21, 5; Swt. 161, 7: 163, 22.
hearwian to cool; refrigerare, Lye.
heaðorian, heaðerian; p. ode To restrain :-- Se godcunda foreþonc heaðeraþ ealle gesceafta the divine providence restrains all creatures, Bt. 39, 5; Fox 218, 31. Mid þearfednesse ge mid heora ungelǽrednesse ðara láreówa fore heaðoradon paupertate ac rusticitate sua doctorum arcebant accessum, Bd. 4, 27; S. 604, 29. v. ge-heaðorian.
heaðu, heaðo war; a word occurring only in compounds. The word is found in proper names in Icelandic, e.g. Höð the name of a Valkyria, Höðbroddr, Höðr the slayer of Baldr; and in O. H. Ger. e.g. Hadu-praht, v. Grmm. D. M. 204: Cl. and Vig. Dict. höð. Cf. beadu, gúþ, hilde and their compounds.
heáðu [= heáhþu?] indecl. f. The deep, the sea; altum :-- Sceal hringnaca ofer heáðu bringan lác and luftácen over the deep shall the bark bring gift and love token, Beo. Th. 3729; B. 1862.
heaðu-byrne, an; f. A war-corslet, Beo. Th. 3108; B. 1552.
heaðu-deór; adj. Brave, stout in war, Beo. Th. 1380; B. 688: 1548; B. 772.
heaðu-fremmende; part. Doing battle, fighting, Elen. Kmbl. 258; El. 130.
heaðu-fýr, es; n. Fierce, hostile fire, Beo. Th. 5037; B. 2522: 5087; 2547.
heaðu-geong; adj. Young and active in battle(?) [Hickes reads hearo], Fins. Th. 3; Fin. 2.
heaðu-glemm, es; m. A wound got in fight, Exon. 114 a; Th. 438, 6; Rä. 57, 3. v. glemm.
heaðu-grim; adj. Very fierce, cruel with the cruelty of war :-- Hungur heaðogrimne heardne famne fierce and fell, Ps. Th. 145, 6: Beo. Th. 1100; B. 548: 5375; B. 2691.
heaðu-helm, es; m. A war-helm, casque, Beo. Kmbl. 6304; B. 3156.
heaðu-lác, es; n. Battle, Beo. Th. 1172; B. 584: 3952; B. 1974.
heaðu-lind, e; f. A linden war-shield, Chr. 937; Erl. 112, 6; Æðelst. 6.
heáðu-líðende; part. Sea-faring, Beo. Th. 3600; B. 1798: 5902; B. 2955: Andr. Kmbl. 851; An. 426.
heaðu-mǽre; adj. Illustrious in war, Beo. Th. 5596; B. 2802.
heaðu-rǽs, es; m. A battle-rush, charge, onslaught, Beo. Th. 1056; B. 526: 1119; B. 557: 2099; B. 1047.
heaðu-reáf, es; n. War-dress, armour, Beo. Th. 807; B. 401.
heaðu-rinc, es; m. A warrior, Judth. 11; Thw. 24, 9; Jud. 179: Thw. 24, 29; Jud. 212: Beo. Th. 745; B. 370: 4923; B. 2466: Cd. 154; Th. 193, 4; Exod. 241: Bt. Met. Fox 9, 89; Met. 9, 45.
heaðu-róf; adj. Famed for excellence in battle, Beo. Th. 767; B. 381; 1732; B. 864; 4388; B. 2191: Exon. 59 a; Th. 213, 21; Ph. 228; Menol. Fox 27; Men. 14.
heaðu-sceared; adj. In Beo. Th. 5650; B. 2829; according to Thorpe the reading of the MS. is scearede, other editors read scearde. In the former case may not the word be connected with scear [q. v. share in ploughshare] used here of the blade of a sword, heaðo-scear a war-share, blade? and hearde heaðo-scearede = with hard and deadly blades. If scearde is taken, the Icel. skarð may be compared, and the word = notched, hacked in battle.
heaðu-seóc; adj. Wounded in fight, Beo. Th. 5501; B. 2754.
heáðu-sigel, es; m. The sun [the prefix seems to be used from seeing the sun rise or set over the sea], Exon. 126 b; Th. 486, 17; Rä. 72, 16. [Cf. merecandel.]
heaðu-steáp; adj. Standing out prominently in battle [an epithet of the helmet], Beo. Th. 2494; B. 1245: 4312; B. 2153.
heaðu-swát, es; m. War-sweat, blood shed in battle, Beo. Th. 2924; B. 1460: 3216; B. 1606: 3340; 1668.
heaðu-sweng, es; m. A blow given in fight, Beo. Th. 5155; B. 2581.
heaðu-torht; adj. Clear-sounding and of warlike import, Beo. Th. 5109: B. 2553.
heaðu-wæd, e; f. Warlike weeds, dress, Beo. Th. 78; B. 39.
heaðu-wælm, -welm; wylm, es; m. Fierce, intense heat, Cd. 17; Th. 21, 14; Gen. 324: 149; Th. 187, 8; Exod. 148: Beo. Th. 165; B. 82: 5630; B. 2819: Andr. Kmbl. 3082; An. 1544: Elen. Kmbl. 1154; El. 578: 2607; El. 1305.
heaðu-weorc, es; n. A work of war, a fight, Beo. Th. 5776; B. 2892.
heaðu-wérig; adj. Weary from fighting, Vald. 2, 17.
HEÁWAN; p. heów, pl. heówon; pp. heáwen To HEW, cut, strike, smite [with a sharp weapon] :-- Gif mon óðres wudu heáweþ unáliéfedne if a man cut another's wood without leave, L. Alf. pol. 12; Th. i. 70, 4. Mǽst ǽlc óðerne æftan heáweþ mid scandlícum onscytum almost all men calumniate [lit. strike from behind] each other with shameful attacks, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 107, 84. Se seðe unwærlíce ðone wuda hiéwþ is qui incaute ligna percutit, Past. 21, 7; Swt. 167, 16. Wé heáwaþ ðone wudu ligna succidimus, 167, 6. Hé heów oð ðæt hé on hilde gecranc he smote with his sword until in fight he fell, Byrht. Th. 141, 18; By. 324. Heów ðæt hors mid ðam spuran he struck the horse with the spurs [cf. Icel. höggva hest sporum], Elf. T. 36, 25. Ðá heówon hí ðone stán swá swýðe swá hí mihton dolantes lapidem in quantum valebant, Bd. 4, 11; S. 580, 5. Heówon hereflýman þearle mécum mylenscearpum they smote sorely the flying with falchions sharp ground, Chr. 937; Erl. 112, 23; Æðelst. 23: Byrht. Th. 137, 4; By. 181. Linde heówon they hewed the linden shields, Judth. 12; Thw. 26, 1; Jud: 304: Chr. 937; Erl. 112. 6; Æðelst. 6: Mt. Kmbl. 21. 8. [O. Sax. hawan, hauwan: O. Frs. hawa, howa: Icel. höggva: O. H. Ger. houwan: Ger. hauen.]
HEBBAN, hæbban; p. hóf, pl. hófon; pp. hafen, hæfen To HEAVE, lift up, raise :-- Ic míne handa tó ðé hebbe and þenige expandi manus meas ad te, Ps. Th. 87, 9. Tó ðé ic hæbbe mín mód ad te levavi animam meam, 24, 1. Hine sylfne hefeþ on heáhne beám raises itself into a lofty tree, Exon. 57 b; Th. 205, 13; Ph.112: Ps. Th. 148, 14. Forðon hiora heáfod hebbaþ propterea exaltabit caput, l09, 8. Tó ðé ic míne eágan hóf ad te levavi oculos meos, 122, 1. Hófon hlúde stefne raised a loud voice, Cd. 170; Th. 214, 24; Exod. 574: Exon. 45 b; Th. 156, 8; Gú. 871. Hefe ðú díne handa leva manum tuam, Ps. Th. 73, 4. Hebbaþ upp eówre eágan levate oculos vestros, Jn. Skt. 4, 35. God bebeád his englum be ðé ðæt hí ðé healdon and on heora handum hebban God has given his angels charge concerning thee, that they may preserve thee and lift thee up in their hands, Homl. Th. i. 516, 30. Siððan ic hond and rond hebban mihte since I could lift hand and shield, Beo. Th. 1317; B. 656. Hé wæs upp hafen engla fæðmum he was lifted up in angels' bosoms, Exon. 17 a; Th. 41, 5; Cri. 651: 756; Th. 284, 7; Jul. 693. Wæs wóp hæfen then was a cry raised, Andr. Kmbl. 2311; An. 1157: Beo. Th. 6038; B. 3023. [Goth. hafjan: O. Sax. hebbian: O. Frs. heva: Icel. hefja: O. H. Ger. heffan, heuen levare, extollere: Ger. heben.]
hebbendlíc; adj. Exalted; exaltatus, Rtl. 181, 27.
hebel, hebeld, heben. v. hefel, hefeld, heofon.
Hebréisc; adj. Hebrew :-- On Hebréisc specan to speak in Hebrew, Nicod 4; Thw. 2, 28. v. Ebréisc.
HÉDAN; p. de To HEED, take care, observe, attend, guard, take charge, take possession, receive :-- Lazarus ne móste ǽr on lífe hédan ðæra crumena his mýsan before when alive Lazarus might not take the crumbs of his table, Homl. Th. i. 330, 31. Wé hédaþ ðæra crumena ðæs hláfes and ða Judéiscan gnagaþ ða rinde we take the crumbs of the bread and the Jews gnaw the crust, ii. 114, 33. Ða Judéiscan ne hédaþ ná máre búton ðære stæflícan gereccednesse the Jews pay attention to nothing but the literal narrative, 116, 4. Ne hédde hé ðæs heafolan he was not careful for his head, Beo. Th. 5387; B. 2697. Bóte gesáwon héddon herereáfes they saw their compensation, took possession of the war spoils, Cd. 171; Th. 215, 14; Exod. 583. Héde seðe scire healde ðæt hé wite á hwæt eald landrǽden sý videat qui scyrum tenet, ut semper sciat que sit antiqua terrarum institutio, L. R. S. 4; Th. i. 434, 32. Ðonne him forþsíþ gebyrige héde se hláford ðæs hé lǽfe when he dies let the lord take possession of what he leaves [cf 434, 27], 436, 9: L. In. 74; Th. i. 148, 19. Bisceopum gebyreþ ðæt hí hunda ne hafeca hédan tó swýðe it is befitting for bishops not to care too much for hounds or hawks, L. I. P. l0; Th. ii. 316, 30. Gif ðár nán man ne biþ ðe ðære heofonlícan bodunge hédan wille if there be no man there that will heed the heavenly preaching, Homl. Th. ii. 534, 16. [O. Sax. hódian to take care of, guard: O. H. Ger. huoten custodire, observare: Ger. hüten.]
hed-cláþ, es; m. A thick upper garment of coarse material, like a chasuble, Med. ex Quadr. 4, 17; Lchdm. i. 346, 17. v. heden.
hédd-, hýdd-ern, es; n. A storehouse :-- Hýddern cellarium, Wrt. Voc. 83, 5. Héddern penu, Ælfc. Gr. 11; Som. 15, 30: poenum, 13; Som. 16, 7. Besceáwiaþ ða hrefnas ðæt hig ne sáwaþ ne ne rípaþ nabbaþ hig héddern ne bern considerate corbos quia non seminant neque metunt quibus non est cellarium neque horreum, Lk. Skt. 12, 24. Swá swá mon héddern ontýnde ðara swétestena wyrta ðe on middangearde wǽron quasi opobalsami cellaria esse viderentur aperta, Bd. 3, 8; S. 532, 19. Drihten sent bletsunga ofer ðíne héddernu the Lord shall send blessings upon thy storehouses, Deut. 28, 8.
heden, es; m. A hood, chasuble :-- Heden casla, Cot. 32, Lye. Sacerd ðonne hé mæssan singe ne hæbbe hé on heden ne cæppan sacerdos cum missam cantat ne portet cucullum nec cappam, L. Ecg. C. 9; Th. ii. 140, 9. Swá hwylc swá wile lectiones rǽdan ne biþ hé nýded tó ðon ðæt hé him ofdó his oferhacelan oððe heden ac gyf hé euangelium rǽde wyrpe him of heden oððe cæppan on his gescyldro quicunque lectiones legere velit, non necesse est ei cappam suam vel cucullum exuere; si autem evangelium legit, cucullum vet cappam super humeros dejiciat, 20-24. Hæðen mastruca, Lye. [Cf. hede dress, Halliw. Dict: Icel. héðinn, a jacket of fur or skin.]
hefe, es; m. Weight :-- Hú mihte hé gefrédan ǽniges hefes swǽrnysse ðá ðá hé ðone ferode ðe hine bær how could he feel the heaviness of any weight when he carried one who bore him, Homl. Th. i. 336, 26. Swilce hé búton hefe wǽre as if he were without weight, ii. 164, 35. On gemete and on hefe and on getale in mensura et pondere et numero, 586, 32. Hé micelne hefe gefrét æt hys heortan he feels a great weight at his heart, Lchdm. iii. 126, 10. Áwend hefas leahtra evente moles criminum, Hymn. Surt. 23, 7.
hefeld, hebeld, hefel, hebel, es; m.[?] Thread for weaving :-- Hefeld licium, Ælfc. Gl. 110; Som. 79, 50; Wrt. Voc. 59, 21. [Hevel fine twine, Halliw. Dict: cf. Icel. hefill; m. the clew-lines and bunt lines of a sail.]
hefeld-gyrd, e; f. A weaver's shuttle; liciatorium, Cot. 120, Lye.
hefeldian, hefaldian to fix the weft or woof :-- Ic hefaldige ordior, Ælfc. Gl. 111; Som. 79, 73; Wrt. Voc. 59, 42.
hefeld-, hefel-þrǽd, es; m. A thread for weaving; licium :-- Gewríð tó ánum hefel [MSS. H. B. hefeld] þrǽde bind it to a yarn thread, Herb. 183; Lchdm. i. 320, 6. Ðá tóbræc hé ða rápas swá swá hefelþrǽdas and he brake the withs as a thread of tow, Jud. 16, 9. Hefelþrǽd licium, Cot. 193, Lye.
hefe-líc, adj. Weighty, heavy, grievous, serious, grave, tedious, wearisome :-- Ðǽr nán hefelíc gefeoht ne wearþ no serious fighting took place there, Chr. 868; Erl. 72, 28. Se cyng lét beódan mycel gyld and hefelíc the king had a great and grievous tax proclaimed, 1083; Erl. 217, 34. Ðæs ilcan geáres wæs swíðe hefelíc geár it was a very grievous year that same year, 1085; Erl. 219, 18. For hefelícum gyltum pro gravibus peccatis, L. Ecg. P. i. 6; Th. ii. 174, 17. Nú bidde ic ða ðe hit cunnon and ðis rǽdon ðæt hit him hefelíc ne beó now I beg that my explanation may not be tedious to those who know the subject and read this, Lchdm. iii. 280, l0.
hefe-líce; adv. Heavily, exceedingly, seriously, with difficulty :-- Hig hefelíce mid eárum gehýrdon auribus graviter audierunt, Mt. Kmbl. 13, 15. For ðære ilcan eádmódnesse hé ofermódgaþ innan micle ðý hefelícor de hac ipsa humilitate graviter interius superbitur, Past. 43, 3; Swt. 313, 3: 46, 5; Swt. 351, 6.
hefe-tíme; adj. Troublesome, displeasing, tedious :-- Hit þuhte Moise swíðe hefetíme Moses was displeased, Num. 11, 50. v. hefig-tíme.
HEFIG, hefeg; adj. HEAVY, weighty, oppressive, grievous, difficult, serious, grieved, important; gravis, molestus :-- Wæs torn were hefig æt heortan in the man's heart was grievous anger, Cd. 47; Th. 60, 11; Gen. 980. Suíðe hefig is quam difficile est, Mk. Skt. Lind. 10, 24. Hit swíðe hefegu scyld is it is a very grievous crime, L. E. I. 27; Th. ii. 422, 36. Bútan hefegum gefeohte without heavy fighting; sine ullo prælio, Bd. 1, 3; S. 473, 11, Áhófon hine of ðam hefian wíte they lifted him off that heavy punishment, Rood Kmbl. 121; Kr. 61. Heó is hefegon swæce it is of unpleasant smell, Herb. 151, 1; Lchdm. i. 276, 9: 143, 1; Lchdm, i. 264, 20. Wermód drincan sace hefige hit getácnaþ to drink wormwood betokens a serious dispute, Lchdm, iii. 198, 24: Herb. 132, 7; Lchdm. i. 248, 11. Tó hwon syndon gé ðyses weorces swá hefige why are you so grieved at this work, Blickl. Homl. 69, 15. Wurdon mé on yrre yfele and hefige in ira molesti erant mihi, Ps. Th. 54, 3. Hig bindaþ hefige byrðyna alligant onera gravia, Mt. Kmbl. 23, 4. Eorþe is hefige óðrum gesceaftum earth is heavier than the other elements, Bt. Met. Fox 20, 265; Met. 20, 133. Wé mágon geþencean ðæt ðæt hefigre is ðæt man mid synnum him sylfum geearnige edwít we may consider, what is more important, that with sins a man may get disgrace for himself, Blickl. Homl. 101, 24. Ða þing ðe synt hefegran ðære ǽ quæ graviora sunt legis, Mt. Kmbl. 23, 23. Hí eów hefigran wísan budon tó healdanne ðonne wé him budon they commanded you to keep a harder rule than we commanded them, L. Ælf 49; Th. i. 56, 15. Wíð fótádle ðeáh ðe heó hefegust sý for gout, though it be very bad, Herb. 132; 4; Lchdm. i. 246, 22. Mid ðon gewunon ðære heofogoston gewemmednesse synna with the habit of the most grievous impurity of sins, Blickl. Homl. 75, 6. [O. Sax. heƀig: O. H. Ger. hebic, heuig gravis, arduus, molestus.]
hefige; adv. Heavily, grievously, with dfficulty, hardly :-- Ðæs wíte eft on eówre handa hefige geeode for that punishment came upon you heavily, Ps. Th. 57, 2. Hefia vix, Lk. Skt. Lind. 9, 39. Forhwon áhénge ðú mec hefgor why didst thou crucify me more painfully, Exon. 29 b; Th. 91, 6; Gen. 1488. [O. H. Ger. heuigor gravius.]
hefigian; p. ode. I. to make heavy, oppress, grieve, afflict, vex :-- Forðon sió byrden ðære sconde hine diógollíce hefegaþ quia gravit hunt in abditis pondus turpe, Past. 11, 7; Swt. 73, 55. Ðone mete ðe hine hefegaþ on his breóstum cibum, qui pectus deprimebat, 54, 1; Swt. 419, 29. Ða ðe mé hefigiaþ those who vex me, Ps. Th. 37, 12. Wæs heó eft hefigod mid ðám ǽrran sárum erat prioribus aggravata doloribus, Bd. 4, 19; S. 589, 5. Wolde mé hefigad beón mid sáre mínes sweoran me dolore colli voluit gravari, 589, 28. II. to become heavy, to be aggravated or increased, to be burdened or oppressed :-- Hú sió byrðen wiexþ and hefegaþ molem crescentis tentationis, Past. 21, 5; Swt. 163, 12. Seó untrumnys dæghwamlíce weóx and hefegode languor per dies ingravescebat, Bd. 4, 3; S. 568, 38. Monigum monnum ðe heora eágan sárgedon and hefegodan nonnulis oculos dolentibus, 4, 19; S. 589, 35: Exon. 46 b; Th. 159, 20; Gú. 929: 47 b; Th. 163, 32; Gú. 1002. [Laym. heueʒ;e to grow heavy, slumber: A. R. heuegeþ oppresses: Chauc. hevieþ: Prompt. Parv. hevyyng mestificio, gravo, aggravo, pondero.]
hefig-líc; adj. Grievous, troublesome :-- Ne sig ðé hefilíc geþuht ðæt ðæt Sarra ðé sǽde let not that be grievous in thy sight which Sarah hath said, Gen. 21, 12. Gif se líchoma hwǽr mid hefiglícre hǽto sý gebysgod if the body be anywhere troubled with inflammation, Herb. 2, 6; Lchdm. i. 82, 8.
hefig-líce; adv. Heavily, grievously; graviter :-- Abraham undernam hefiglíce ðás word the thing was very grievous in Abraham's sight, Gen. 21, 11. Hefiglíce graviter, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 13, 15. Hefilíce, Lk. Skt. 11, 53. Ða weras mon sceal hefiglecor and stíðlecor lǽran and ða wíf leóhtlecor illis [viri] graviora, istis [feminæ] injungenda sunt leviora, Past. 24; Swt. 179, 16.
hefig-mód; adj. Evil-minded, oppressive :-- Hefigmóde molesti, Ps. Spl. T. 54, 3.
hefig-ness, e; f. Heaviness, slowness, weight, grief, affliction :-- Nán hæfignes ðæs líchoman ne mæg eallunga átión of his móde ða rihtwísnesse no heaviness of the body can altogether take away rectitude from his mind, Bt. 35, 1; Fox 154, 29: 156, 12. Ne geman heó ðære hefinysse non meminit pressuræ, Jn. Skt. 16, 21. Yfelra úserra hefignisse malorum nostrorum pondere, Rd. 15, 30: Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 20, 12. Hefignise gebær ægrotationes portavit, 8, 17.
hefig-tíme, -týme; adj. Grievous, wearisome, tedious, troublesome :-- Hefigtýme leahter is ungefóh fyrwitnys immoderate curiosity is a troublesome vice, Homli. Th. ii. 374, 2. Gif hit is hefigtýme on ðyssere worulde hit becymþ tó micelre méde on ðære tóweardan if it is productive of trouble in this world, it attains to a great reward in that which is to come, i. 56, 4: Ælfc. Gen. Thw. p. 1, 6. Ne þince ðé tó hefitýme tó gehýrenne míne sprǽce do not let it seem too tedious to thee to hear my speech, Basil admn. 7; Norm. 48, 12. Se hefigtíma cwide ðe se wítega gecwæþ be sumum leódscipe the grievous sentence that the prophet declared concerning a certain nation, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 73, 543. Ða wudewan fram hefigtímum heáfodece gehǽlde healed the widow of a wearisome headache, Homl. Th. i. 418, 22.
hefigtímness, e; f. Trouble, affliction, vexation :-- Ðone hé tealde him tó frýnd ðe him sume hefigtýmnysse on belǽdde him he accounted his friend who brought some trouble upon him, Homl. Th. ii. 546, 19. Hé is nú mid ylde ofsett, swylce mid gelomlǽcendum hefigtýmnyssum tó deáþe geþreád it is now oppressed with age, as if wearied to death with frequent troubles, i. 614, 21.
hefung, e; f. Heaving, lifting up; elevatio, speculatio, Lye.
HEG, hig, es; n. Hay, grass; fœnum :-- Heg [Rush. hoeg] londes fœnum agri, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 6, 30. Ðá bebeád se hǽlend ðæt ðæt folc sǽte ofer ðæt gréne hig præcipit illis ut accumbere facerent omnes super viride fœnum, Mk. Skt. 6, 39. Heig [Rush. heg] fœnum, Jn. Skt. Lind. 6, 10. Ðǽr nǽnig mann for wintres cýle on sumera heg ne máweþ nemo propter hiemem fœna secet æstate, Bd. 1, 1; S. 474, 32. Dó hig on ðín beð put hay on your bed, Lchdm. iii. 178, 6. Wé gesáwon oft in cyrcean ǽgðer ge corn ge hig beón gehealdene we have often seen both corn and hay kept in the church, L. E. I. 8; Th. ii. 406, 30. [Laym. hey, heie: Chauc. hei, hai: Goth. hawi: Icel. hey: O. H. Ger. hewi, howe, hou fœnum: Ger. heu.]
HEGE, es; m. A HEDGE, fence :-- Hege sepes, Wrt. Voc. 84, 56: Ælfc. Gr. 9, 27; Som. 11, 24. Bebbanburh wæs ǽrost mid hegge betíned and ðǽræfter mid wealle Bamborough was first enclosed with a hedge and afterwards with a wall, Chr. 547; Erl. 17, 9. Gá geond ðás wegas and hegas exi in vias et sepes, Lk. Skt. 14, 23. Ðú tówurpe ealle hegas his destruxisti omnes sepes ejus, Ps. Spl. 88, 39. Gif hryðera hwelc síe ðe hegas brece if there be any beast that breaks hedges, L. In. 42; Th. i. 128, 12. Mid heora hegum ðe hí ymbsette wǽron cum septis quibus erant circumdata, Bd. 2, 13; S. 516, 39: Homl. Th. ii. 448, 22. From hegum a silvis, Rtl. 118, 35. [Hay, hey in provincial words, e.g. heybote, hayboot = hedgeboot the right of getting wood for mending fences, Engl. Dial. Soc. vols. iii. vi. Haies, hays ridges of lands as district boundaries, vol. iv: Prompt. Parv. hedge, hegge.] v. hæg- and haga.
hege-clife, an; f. Hedge clivers; galium aparine, L..M. 1, 9; Lchdm. ii. 54, 8.
hegegian to hedge, fence, L. R. S. 2; Th. i. 432, 56.
hege-rǽwe, -réwe, e; f. A hedge-row :-- Ðanon on ða hegerǽwe thence to the hedge row, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. ii. 54, 11. Hegeréwe, iii. 48, 55.
hege-rife, an; f. Heyriffe; galium aparine, Lchdm. iii. Gloss. [Prompt. Parv. hayryf rubea vel rubea minor, et major dicitur madyr. v. note, p. 221. See English Plant-names, Engl. Dial. Soc. no. 26, p. 242 harif.]
heges-sugge a hedge-sparrow, Ælfc. Gl. 37; Som. 63, 5; Wrt. Voc. 29, 28. [O. and N. hei-sugge: Flower and Leaf hay-sogge; Gloucestershire dialect hay suck.]
heg-, hig-hús, es; n. A hay-house; fœnile, Ælfc. Gl. 109; Som. 79, 20; Wrt. Voc. 58, 60.
heg-, hege-stów, e; f. A place enclosed by a hedge[?], Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 77, 27: 213, 8, 9: 263, 23, 26.
hel [?] a pretext :-- Mid yfelan helan earme men beswícaþ with evil pretexts defraud poor men, L. I. P. 12; Th. ii. 320, 18. [Cf. O. H. Ger. hal tegmen, Grff. iv. 844.]
HEL, hell, helle; e; f. HELL, the place of souls after death, Hades, the infernal regions, the place of the wicked after death :-- Helle infernus, Ælfc. Gl. 54; Som. 63, 103; Wrt. Voc. 36, 24: Ælfc. Gr. 8; Som. 11, 34. Satanas ðære helle ealdor cwæþ tó ðære helle ... Seó hell swíðe grymme andswarode Satan the ruler of Hell said to Hell ... Hell answered very fiercely, Nicod. 26; Thw. 13, 32, 40. In ðæt háte hof ðam is hel nama into that hot abode whose name is hell, Cd. 217; Th. 276, 24; Sat. 193. Ðonne heofon and hel hæleþa bearnum fylde weorþeþ when heaven and hell shall be filled with the children of men, Exon. 35 a; Th. 97, 17; Cri. 1592. Hel nimeþ wǽrleásra weorud hell shall take the host of the faithless, 31 b; Th. 98, 26; Cri. 1613. Him hel onféng hell received him, Beo. Th. 1709; B. 852. Helle gatu portæ inferi, Mt. Kmbl. 16, 18. Helle bearn filium gehennæ, 23, 15. Fýr byrnþ óð helle endas a fire shall burn unto the lowest hell, Deut. 32, 22. Óð helle in infernum, Mt. Kmbl. 11, 23. For ðam ða deádan ðe on helle beóþ ðín ne gemunan ne ðé andetaþ swá swá wé dóþ quoniam non est in morte qui memor sit tui: in inferno quis confitebitur tibi, Ps. Th. 6, 4. On ðære sweartan helle in the black hell, Cd. 35; Th. 47, 16; Gen. 761. Hig intó helle cuce síðodon they went down alive into the pit, Num. 16, 33. Ic fare tó mínum sunu tó helle I will go down into the grave unto my son, Gen. 37, 35. Uton nú brúcan ðisses undernmetes swá ða sculon ðe hióra ǽfengife on helle gefeccean sculon prandete tanquam apud inferos cænaturi, Ors. 2, 5; Swt. 86, 2. Swá ðæt fýr on ðære helle seó is on ðam munte ðe Ætne hátte as the fire on the hell that is in mount Ætna, Bt. 15; Fox 48, 20. Hire sáwle mon sceolde lǽdan tó helle her soul was to be conducted to hell, 35, 6; Fox 168, 5. [Goth. halja Hades: O. Sax. hel, hellia: O. Frs. hille: Icel. hel (local and personal): O. H. Ger. hella gehenna, infernus, baratrum: Ger. hölle.] v. Grm. D. M. 288-92: 760-7. See compounds with helle.
HÉLA, hǽla, an; m. The HEEL :-- Héla calx, Wrt. Voc. 283, 75. Hél calcaneum, Jn. Skt. Lind. 13, 18. Genim haran hélan [hǽlan MSS. H. B.] take hare's heel [lat. talum], Med. ex Quadr. 4, 17; Lchdm. i. 346 16. Heó gehýden hǽlun míne ipsi calcaneum meum observabunt, Ps. Th. 55, 6. Gif ðæt wíf mid ðám hélum stæpeþ if the woman steps with the heels, Lchdm. iii. 144, 14. [O. Frs. héla, heila: Icel. hǽll.]
helan; p. hæl, pl. hǽlon; pp. holen To conceal, hide, cover :-- Gif ðú mé hylest ðíne heortan geþohtas if thou dost conceal from me thy heart's thoughts, Exon. 88 b; Th. 333, 12; Gn. Ex. 3. Ðonne eówaþ hé hí nalles ne hilþ then it shews them and does not conceal them, Bt. 27, 1; Fox 94, 26. Swá hwá swá hilþ his gódan weorc si bona quæ agit occultat, Past. 59, 4; Swt. 449, 29. Ða ðe hira gód helaþ ðe hie dóþ qui bona que faciunt abscondunt, 23; Swt. 179, 9. Ic hæl míne scylda I concealed my sins, Ps. Th. 31, 3: L. E. I. 30; Th. ii. 426, 21. Ðú heora fyrene fæste hǽle operuisti omnia peccata eorum, Ps. Th. 84, 2. Hé hit hæl swíðe fæste wið his bróðor he concealed it very carefully from his brother, Ors. 6, 33; Swt. 288, 14. Hé ðæt hæl ǽrest sce petre he at first concealed that from St. Peter, Shrn. 74, 20. Ealle ða ðe ðone gylt mid him wiston and mid him hǽlon all those who were cognisant of that crime and joined with them in concealing it, Ors. 4, 4; Bos. 80, 24. Hí hǽlon ðæt hí forhelan ne mihton they hid what they could not keep hidden, Lchdm. i. 392, 4. Ðú him fæste hel sóþan sprǽce hide carefully from them true speech, Cd. 89; Th. 110; 11; Gen. 1836. Nán óðrum his þearfe ne hele let no one conceal from another what it is needful for him to know, L. I. P. 10; Th. ii. 316, 20: Andr. Kmbl. 2329; An. 1166. Ða ðe willaþ helan ðæt hí tó góde dóþ qui bona clam faciunt, Past. 59; Swt. 447, 23. Nele hé ús nánwiht helan se ðe ús lǽt hyne sylfne cunnan he will not conceal anything from us who lets us know himself, Shrn. 202, 12. Ic ne mæg leng helan be ðam lífes treó I cannot longer conceal concerning the tree of life, Elen. Kmbl. 1408; El. 706. [Chauc. hele: A. R. i-holen, part. p: hele to cover, in the Surrey dialect: O. Sax. helan: O. Frs. hela: O. H. Ger. helan celare, tegere: Ger. hehlen.] DER. be-, for-helan.
helde, an; f. Allegiance, fealty :-- Hé ðǽr on ðæs cynges willelmes heldan tó cynge gesette he placed Edgar there as king in allegiance to King William, Chr. 1097; Erl. 234, 37. Heanrig ofer sǽ fór on ðæs cynges heldan Henry went over sea as liege man of the king, 1095; Erl. 231, 9. [Cf. un-helde; hyld, hyldo.]
helde, an; f. Tansy; tanacetum vulgare :-- Helde tanicetum, Wrt. Voc. 79, 24: tanaceta, Ælfc. Gl. 40; Som. 63, 87; Wrt. Voc. 30, 33. Genius heldan take tansy, L. M. 1, 36; Lchdm. ii. 86, 20.
helerung, e; f. The turning of a balance; trutinæ inclinatio, Cot. 136, Lye. v. helur-bled, heolorian, heolra.
helfe, es; m. n.[?] Helve, handle :-- Hæft and helfe manubrium, Ælfc. Gl. 52; Som. 66, 31; Wrt. Voc. 35, 20. Sió æcs áwient of ðæm hielfe ferrum lapsum de manubrio, Past. 21, 7; Swt. 167, 1. Gaderode me hylfa tó ǽlcum ðara tóla ðe ic mid wircan cúðe I gathered me handles for each of the tools that I could work with, Shrn. 163, 6. [Orm. hellfe: Prompt. Parv. helve manubrium: Wick. helve: O. H. Ger. halap, halp, halbe, helbe manubrium. Helve is a word given as still belonging to the dialects of East Anglia.]
helfling, es; m. A halfpenny :-- Ne becýpaþ hig fíf spearwan tó helflinge are not five sparrows sold for two farthings, Lk. Skt. 12, 6. [O. H. Ger. helbeling obolus.]
helian; p. ode, ede To hide, conceal, cover :-- Mín unriht ic ná ne helede wið ðé injustitias meas non operui, Ps. Th. 31, 5. Heó helode hire nebb ðæt hé hig ne mihte gecnáwan she had covered her face that he might not know her, Gen. 38, 15. Wé lǽraþ ðæt ǽnig gehádod man his sceare ne helige we enjoin that no man in orders conceal his tonsure, L. Edg. C. 47; Th. ii. 254, 13. [A. R. helien: Piers P. helien, hylien; pp. helid, hiled: Laym. helede, p: Wick. hilide: O. Sax. bi-helian: O. H. Ger. hellen: Ger. hehlen.]
hell-bend; m. f. A hell-bond :-- Hellbendum fæst fast in the chains of hell, Beo. Th. 6137; B. 3072.
hell-cræft, es; m. Hellish art, Andr. Kmbl. 2205; An. 1104.
hell-cwalu, e; f. Hell-torment, Exon. 25 a; Th. 73, 15; Cri. 1190.
hell-deóful, es; m. n. Orcus, Pluto, Cot. 145, Lye.
hell-dor, es; n. The gate of hell :-- Tó helldore in infernum, Ps. Th. 87, 3. Æt heldore, Exon. 40 b; Th. 135, 29; Gú. 531: Cd. 19; Th. 24, 20; Gen. 380: 23; Th. 29, 8; Gen. 447, [O. Sax. hell-dor.]
helle-. In the case of at least some of the following words which are given as compounds, they might be taken as independent words, the first of which is the genitive of hel. For the meaning of such combinations the second word may be referred to.
helle-bealu; gen. wes; n. Hell-bale, woe of hell, Exon. 28 b; Th. 87, 18; Cri. 1427.
helle-bróga, an; m. The terror of hell :-- On hellebrógan gesette hí syndon in inferno positi sunt, Ps. Lamb. 48, 15. Of handa hellebrógan de manu inferi, 48, 16.
helle-bryne, es; m. Hell-fire, Judth. 10; Th. 23, 11; Jud. 116.
helle-ceafl, es; m. The jaws of hell, Andr. Kmbl. 3403; An. 1705.
helle-cinn, es; n. The race of hell, Exon. 31 b; Th. 99, 5; Cri. 1620.
helle-clam, -clom, Cd. 19; Th. 24, 6; Gen. 373. v. clam.
helle-deóful, -dióful, Exon. 75 a; Th. 280, 15; Jul. 629: Elen. Kmbl. 1799; El. 901: Andr. Kmbl. 2598; An. 1300. [Cf. hell-deóful.]
helle-dor, Exon. 121 a; Th. 464, 14; Hö. 87. [Cf. hell-dor.]
helle-duru, Elen. Kmbl. 2457; El. 1230.
helle-flór, Cd. 214; Th. 269, 9; Sat. 70.
helle-fýr, Bt. Met. Fox 8, 101; Met. 8, 51; Exon. 26 b; Th. 78, 6; Cri: 1270. On helle fýr in gehennam ignis, Mt. Kmbl. 18, 9. [O. H. Ger. hella-fiur gehenna, tartarus.]
helle-gást, -gǽst, Exon. 72 a; Th. 269, 28; Jul. 457: 74 b; Th. 279, 17; Jul. 615: Beo. Th. 2552; B. 1274.
helle-geat, -gat, Homl. Th. i. 288, 1, 4.
helle-god, es; n. A god of the infernal regions :-- Orfeus wolde gesécan hellegodu and biddan ðæt hí him ágeáfan eft his wíf Orfeus would visit the gods of the infernal regions and pray them to give him his wife again, Bt. 35, 6; Fox 168, 13. [O. H. Ger. hella-got pluto, dis; pl. eumenides, manes.]
helle-grund, Exon. 11 b; Th. 17, 4; Cri. 265: 16 a; Th. 35, 23; Cri. 562: Elen. Kmbl. 2608; El. 1305. [O. Sax. helli-grund: O. H. Ger. hella-grunt tartarus.]
helle-grut the abyss of hell, Hpt. Gl. 422. v. grut.
helle-, hylle-gryre, Cd. 223; Th. 291, 20; Sat. 433.
helle-hæft, Cd. 227; Th. 304, 16; Sat. 631.
helle-hæfta, Beo. Th. 1580; B. 788.
helle-hæftling, Andr. Kmbl. 2683; An. 1344: Exon. 69 a; Th. 257, 12; Jul. 246: Salm. Kmbl. 253; Sal. 126.
helle-heáf, Cd. 2; Th. 3, 19; Gen. 38.
helle-hinca, an; m. The hell-limper, -hobbler, the devil lamed by his fall from heaven, Andr. Kmbl. 2343; An. 1173. Grimm [Deutsche Mythologie, 944-5] speaking of the devil observes 'Am ersten fällt sein lahmer fuss auf, daher der hinkende teufel [diable boiteux], hinkebein, vom sturz aus dem himmel in den abgrund der hölle scheint er gelähmt, wie der von Zeus herabgeschleuderte Hephäst.' [Cf. Icel. hinka: O. H. Ger. hinkan claudicare.]
helle-hund, es; m. A hell-hound :-- Sý hé Judas geféra Cristes belǽwendes and sý hé toren of hellehundes tóþum on ðám egeslícum hellewítum mid eallum deóflum bútan ǽlcum ende bútan hé hit ǽr his endedæge rihtlíce gebéte may he be the companion of Judas the betrayer of Christ, and be torn by the teeth of a hell-hound in the awful torments of hell among all the devils without any end, unless he make due reparation before his last day, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 350,18 [Cf. sceolde cuman ðære helle hund ongeán hiné ðæs nama wæs Ceruerus it was said that the hound of hell, whose name was Cerberus, came towards him, Bt. 35, 6; Fox 168. 15.] v. Grimm. D. M. 948-9.
helle-hús, Exon. 42 b; Th. 142, 24; Gú. 649.
helle-líc; adj. Infernal :-- Helelíc deópnes barathrum, vorago, profinder, Ælfc. Gl. 54; Som. 66, 97; Wrt. Voc. 36, 20. [O. H. Ger. helle-lích tartareus.] v. hel-líc.
helle-mere, es; m. The lake of hell, Styx :-- Hellemere hæc styx, Ælfc. Gr. 9; Som. 14, 13. Helemere Styx, Ælfc. Gl. 54; Som. 66, 99; Wrt. Voc. 36, 22.
helle-níþ, Cd. 37; Th. 48, 13; Gen. 775.
helle-rúne, an; f. One who is skilled in the mysteries of hell, the region of the dead, a sorceress, necromancer :-- Hellerúne pythonissa, Ælfc. Gl. 112; Som. 79, 102; Wrt. Voc. 60, 10. [O. H. Ger. hellirúna necromantia: v. Grm. D. M. 1175, 1178.] v. hell-rúna.
helle-scealc, Cd. 216; Th. 273, 8; Sat. 133.
helle-sceaþa, Elen. Kmbl. 1911; El. 957. v. hell-sceaþa.
helle-seáþ, es; m. The pit of hell :-- Helleseáþ [Som. sceað] erebum, Ælfc. Gl. 54; Som. 66, 98; Wrt. Voc, 36, 21: Exon. 71 b; Th. 267, 29; Jul. 422.
helle-þegn, Exon. 48 a; Th. 166, 14; Gú. 1042.
helle-wíte, es; n. Hell-torment, punishment, hell :-- Hellewíte tartara vel gehenna, Ælfc. Gl. 54; Som. 66, 100; Wrt. Voc. 36, 23. Se for ðám méde onféhþ écum tintregum hellewítes æternas inferni pænas pro mercede recipiet, Bd. 1, 7; S. 477, 40: Hy. 6, 36; Hy. Grn. ii. 286, 36. Mid heardum hellewítum with hard pains of hell, Soul Kmbl. 94; Seel. 47: 64; Seel. 32: Andr. Kmbl. 2106; An. 1054. [O. Sax. helliwíti hell-torment: Icel. hel-víti: Dan. helvede hell: O. H. Ger. hella-wízi gehenna, tartara.]
hell-firen, e; f. A hellish crime, Exon. 98 a; Th. 366, 3; Reb. 6.
hell-fús; adj. Bound for hell, Andr. Kmbl. 99; An. 50: Exon. 24 a; Th. 69, 21; Cri. 1124.
hell-geþwing, es; n. The restraint, constraint of hell :-- Se hellsceaða wiste ðæt hie sceoldon hellgeþwin[g] niéde onfón the devil knew that they must needs receive the restraint of hell, Cd. 33; Th. 43, 20; Gen. 696. [O. Sax. helli-geþwing.]
hell-heóþo; indecl; f. Hell, Cd. 228; Th. 308, 29; Sat. 700. v. heóþu.
hel-líc; adj. Hellish, infernal :-- Ðeós hellíce súsl hic tartarus, Ælfc. Gr. 13; Som. 16, 29; Homl. Th. ii. 78, 20. Seó fæstnung ðære hellícan clýsinge ne geþafaþ ðæt hí ǽfre útábrecon the fastening of the enclosure of hell does not permit them ever to break out, i. 332, 20: ii. 80, 6. Wé wǽron mid eallum úrum fæderum on ðære hellícan deópnysse we were with all our fathers in the deep of hell, Nicod. 24; Thw. 12, 19. Ða hellícan fýnd the fiends of hell, Homl. Th. i. 380, 27.
hell-rúna, an; m. One skilled in the mysteries of hell, a sorcerer, necromancer, Beo. Th. 328; B. 163. v. helle-rúne.
hell-sceaða, an; m. A hell-harmer, fiend, devil, Cd. 33; Th. 43, 22; Gen. 694: Exon. 13 a; Th. 23, 5; Cri. 364: Byrht. Th. 137, 2; By. 180.
hell-træf, es; m. A hellish, infernal building, Andr. Kmbl. 3379; An. 1693.
hell-trega, an; m. Hell-torment, Cd. 4; Th. 5, 18; Gen. 73.
hell-waran; pl. The inhabitants of hell :-- Ðás hellwaran hi manes, Ælfc. Gr. 13; Som. 16, 14. Him urnon ealle hellwaran ongeán all the inhabitants of hell ran to meet him, Bt. 35, 6; Fox 168, 29. Hlógan helwaran the dwellers in hell laughed, Exon. 120 a; Th. 460, 22; Hö. 21. Ðú míne sáwle álýsdest of helwarena hinderþeóstrum eripuisti animom meam ex inferno inferiori, Ps. Th. 85, 12: 140, 9. Helwarena stefn wæs gehýred the voice of hell's people was heard, Blickl. Homl. 87, 3. Cýðnise hellwarana testamentum inferorum, Rtl. 11, 9. Tó hell-warum ad inferos, 1010, 16. Ne forlǽt ðú míne sáwle mid hellwarum leave not my soul in hell, Blickl. Homl. 87, 33. v. hell-ware, -waru.
hell-ware, -wara; pl. The inhabitants of hell :-- Ealle gesceafta heofonwara eorþwara helwara onbúgaþ Criste all creatures, those in heaven, those on earth, those in hell, bow to Christ, Homl. Th. ii. 362, 1: i. 36 26. Ealle hellwara all the inmates of hell, Exon. I21 b; Th. 466, 18; Hö. 123. Wuldorweorudes and helwara of the glorious host and of the dwellers in hell, Exon. 12 a; Th. 18, 20; Cri. 286: 114 a; Th. 437, 12; Rä. 56, 6. v. hell-waru.
hell-waru, e; f. The body of inhabitants in hell :-- On ðam mycelan dóme ðǽr heofonwaru and eorþwaru and helwaru beóþ ealle gesomnode in magno judicio ubi cælicolæ et terricolæ et inferi omnes congregabuntur, L. Ecg. C. pref; Th. ii. 132, 22: Hy. 7, 95; Grn. ii. 289, 95. Tó ðare helware [or ðara helwara(?)] stíðe pínnesse to the severe torment of the people of hell, Chart. Th. 369, 34. [CF burh-ware, -waru, -wara.]
HELM, es; m. I. a HELM, helmet :-- Leðer helm galea: íren helm cassis, Ælfc. Gl. 51; Som. 66, 13, 14; Wrt. Voc. 35, 3, 4. Helmes camb crista: helmes býge conus, 53; Som. 66, 76, 77; Wrt. Voc. 36, 2, 3. Se hwíta, hearda helm, Beo. Th. 2900, 4502; B. 1448, 2255. II. a crown, the top, overshadowing foliage of trees :-- Helm corona, Wrt. Voc. 64, 39. Mid þyrnenum helme his heáfod be-féngon encircled his head with a crown of thorns, Homl. Th. ii. 252, 26; Mk. Skt. 15, 17. Ful oft unc holt wrugon wudubeáma helm full oft the wood covered us the shady top of the forest trees, Exon. 129 a; Th. 496, 2; Rä. 85, 8. Ðæt se stemn and se helm móte ðý fæstor and ðý leng standon that the stem and top may stand the foster and longer, Bt. 34, 10; Fox 148, 33: Fox 150, 3. Hire hyrdeman sume ás ástáh and his orf læswode mid treowenum helme her herdsman had ascended an oak and was feeding his cattle with its woody crown, Homl. Th. ii. 150, 31. Forðæm se þorn ðære gítsunga ne wyrþ forsearod on ðæm helme gif se wyrttruma ne biþ færcorfen oððe forbærned æt ðæm stemne si enim radix culpæ in ipsa effusione non exuritur, numquam per ramos exuberans avaritiæ spina siccatur, Past. 45, 3; Swt. 341, l0: Runic pm. 18; Kmbl. 342, 31; Hick, Thes. i. 135. III. a covering [in this sense the word is preserved in some dialects. Thus in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire Glossaries, English Dial. Soc. vols. ii. v. vi, helm, a hovel, an open shed for cattle, a shed built on posts] :-- Wǽges helm [holm?] the covering made by the wave, the sea, Elen. Kmbl. 459; El. 230. Under lyfte helm under the air's covering, Exon. 102 a; Th. 386, 19; Rä. 4, 64. Helme gedýgled concealed with a covering, 1226; Th. 470, 10; Hy. 11, 33. IV. in poetry the word is applied to persons, thus God and Christ are spoken of as æþelinga, hæleþa, háligra, duguþa, dryhtfolca, engla, grásta, heofona, heofonríces, wuldres helm and helm wera, ælwihta. Similar phrases occur in speaking of earthly rulers, æþelinga, heriga, lidmanna, wedra, weoruda helm and helm Scyldinga, Scylfinga. [Goth. hilms a helmet: O. Sax. helm: Icel. hjálmr: O. H. Ger. helm, galea, cassis: Ger. helm.] DER. bán-, grím-, gúþ-, hæleþ-, heaþu-, heoloþ-, lyft-, mist-, niht-, sceadu-, sund-, wæter-helm.
Helma, an; m. A HELM, rudder :-- Helma clavus, Ælfc. Gl.104; Som. 77, 124; Wrt. Voc. 56, 42. Be ðæm is swíðe sweotol ðætte God ághwæs wealt mid ðæm helman his gódnesse Deus omnia bonitatis clavo gubernare jure credatur, Bt. 35, 4; Fox 160, 14. [Icel. hjálm; f.]
helm-berend, es; m. One who wears a helmet :-- Ne róhte hé helm-berendra he recked not of helmeted warriors, Exon. 120 a; Th. 461, 18; Hö. 37. Gegrétte hwate helmberend he greeted the bold warriors, Beo. Th. 5027; B. 2517: 5277; B. 2642. [O. Sax. helm-berand: and cf. the epithet Hjálm-beri helmbearer, given to Odin.]
helmian; p. ode To cover :-- Niht helmade beorgas steápe night covered the high hills, Andr. Kmbl. 2612; An. 1307.
helmiht; adj. Full of leaves or boughs; frondosus, Cot. 75, 198, Lye. v. helm II.
HELP, e; f: also es; m. HELP, aid,, succour :-- On ðǽm burgum wæs getácnad ðæt Crist is eáðmódegra help probans se esse conservatorem humilium, Ors. 3, 2; Swt. 100, 25. Ðǽr is help gearu æt mǽrum manna gehwylcum there is help ready at the hand of the mighty one for every man, Andr. Kmbl. 1814; An. 909. Gionn helpe præsta subsidium, Rtl. 71, 37. Ða ðe hine helpe biddaþ who ask him for help, Ps. Th. 118, 2: Andr. Kmbl. 2061; An. 1033. Gehýr helpys bénan exaudi me, Ps. Th. l01. 2. Uton helpan as ðam raðost ðe helpes betst behófaþ let us ever help him first who has most need of help, L. C. S. 69; Th. i. 412, 3. Helpes bedǽled deprived of help, MS. Cott. Nero A. i. fol. 73. Helpes biddende asking for help: sumes helpes biddende asking for some help, Lchdm. iii. 365, col. 2. Hwá him tó hǽle and tó helpe on ðás world ástág who came down to this world as their salvation and help, Blickl. Homl. 105, 32. Ðám burgwarum com mára fultum tó útan tó helpe more aid came from without to the citizens to help them, Chr. 921; Erl. 107, 19. Rúmlícum helpe benigno favore, Rtl. 17, 35. Þurh ða gebedu gé mágon on swíðe mycelan hylpe beón ge libbendum ge forþfarenum by prayers you may be of very great help both to the living and the departed, L. E, I. 3; Th. ii. 404, 18: 21; Th. ii. 414, 36. Nǽnige helpe ðam byrnendan húse gedón mihton nil ardenti domui prodesse valentes, Bd. 3, 10; S. 534, 34. Ðá nǽnig him ǽnige helpe findan mihte cum nil salutis furenti superesse videretur, 3, 11; S. 536, 25. Helpe úserne adjulorium nostrum, Rtl. 172, 23. Ðǽr mé wið láþum lícsyrce mín helpe gefremede there against the foes my coat of mail afforded me help, Beo. Th. 1107; B. 550. Gehýr mé and mé help freme exaudi me, Ps. Th. 68, 17: Cd. 184; Th. 230, 20; Dan. 236. Dǽleþ help and hǽlo hæleþa bearnum distributes help and salvation to the children of men, 226; Th. 301, 15; Sat, 586 [O. Sax. helpa; f: O. Frs. helfe; f: Icel. hjálp; f: O. H. Ger. helfa; f. auxilium, adjutorium, subsidium, solatium: Ger. hülfe.] v. helpe.
helpan; p. healp, pl. hulpon; pp. holpen; v. trans. followed by gen. or dat. To help, aid, assist, succour :-- Ðú monegum helpst thou helpest many, Hy. 7, 44; Hy. Grn. ii. 288, 44. Wið fefre hylpþ marubis tó drincanne for fever it helps to drink marrubium, L. M. 1, 62; Lchdm. ii. 134, 27. Hé helpeþ þearfan parcet pauperi, Ps. Th. 71, 13. Ðonne helpe gé wel ðám ðe gé lǽraþ gif hí eówre lárum fyligean willaþ then do ye well help those whom ye teach, if they will follow your teaching, L. I. P. 21; Th. ii. 332, 21. Hé nyle helpan ðæs folces mid ðam ðe God his healp ex muneribus quæ perceperit prodesse aliis non curat, Past. 5, 2; Swt. 45, 5. Ðonne ðu hulpe mín when thou didst help me, Ps. Th. 70, 20. Ða steortas hulpan ealle ðæs heáfdes all the tails helped the head, Shrn. 162, 16: Exon. 27 b; Th. 83, 10; Cri. 1354. Help mín help me, Ps. Th. 60, 1. God úre helpe. Amen may God help us. Amen, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 112, 225. Wé on ðisum lífe mágon helpan ðám forþfarenum ðe on wítnunge beóþ we in this life may help the departed that are being punished, Homl. Th. ii. 356, 11. Wé sceolon earmra manna helpan we ought to help poor people, 442, 14. Helpa fovere, Rtl. 122, 37. [Chauc. Piers. P. p. halp, help, pl. holpen; pp. holpen: the pp. holpen occurs in the authorized version of the Bible: Goth. hilpan: O. Sax. helpan: O. Frs. helpa: Icel. hjálpa: O. H. Ger. helfan: Ger. helfen.] DER. á-, ge-helpan.
helpe, an, f. Help :-- Gif ðás fultumas ne sýn helpe if these remedies are no help, L. M. 2, 48; Lchdm. ii. 262, 15. [Or should this be placed under help?] Hé him helpan ne mæg ǽnige gefremman he can give him no help, Beo. Th. 4888; B. 2448.
helpend, es; m. A helper :-- Helpend adjutor, Rtl. 45, 18. Ealles middangeardes hǽlend and ealra sáula helpend the saviour of all the earth and the helper of all souls, Blickl. Homl. 105, 190. Helpend and hǽlend wið hellsceaðum a helper and saviour against the harmers of hell, Exon. 68 a; Th. 252, 2; Jul. 157. Helpend ne halo ic I have no helper, Jn. Skt. Lind. 5, 7. Syððan hé ne hæbbe helpend ǽnne quia non est qui eripiat eum, Ps. Th. 70, l0. Helpendra leás without helpers, Exon. 28 b; Th. 86, 27; Cri. 1414.
helpend-bǽre; adj. Helpful, assistant; opifer, Cot. 148, Lye.
hél-spure, an; f. A heel :-- Unrehtwísnis hélspuran [hellspuran, Ps. Spl. 48, 5] mínre iniquitas calcanei mei, Ps. Stev. 48, 6. Hélspuran [hellspuran, Ps. Spl. 55, 6] míne calcaneum meum, 55, 7.
helto; f. Haltness, lameness :-- Áfyrr ðú dríhten from ðære stówe blindnesse and helto and dumbnesse remove O Lord from the place blindness and lameness and dumbness, Shrn. 101, 35.
helur-bledu, e; f. The scale of a balance; lanx, Cot. 26, Lye. v. bledu.
hem; m. A hem, border :-- Hem limbus, Ælfc. Gl. 28; Som. 61, 7; Wrt. Voc. 26, 6. [Laym. þane hem: Prompt. Parv. hemme fimbria, limbus.] Cf. ham an enclosure.
hemlíc, hymlíc, es; m: hymlíce, an; f. Hemlock :-- Hemlíc cicuta, Ælfc. Gl. 43; Som. 64, 47; Wrt. Voc. 31, 57. Hemlíc hátte wyrt a plant called hemlock, L. M. I, 77; Lchdm. ii. 150, 15. Wyrc hie of hemlíc make the salve of hemlock, 58; Lchdm. ii. 128, 7. Nim hemlíc take hemlock, 31; Lchdm. ii. 74, 6. Wyll nyoðerweardne hymlíc boil the lower part of hemlock, Lchdm. iii. 50, 17. Hymlíce cicuta, p. 331, col. 1. Dó tó hymlícan put hemlock to it, L. M. 1, 1; Lchdm. ii. 18, 27.
hemming, es; m. A kind of shoe; pero, Cot. 155, Lye.
-hende. v. an-, án-, ge-, of-, on-, spær-hende.
henge-clif, es; n. A steep, precipitous cliff; præruptum, Ælfc. Gl. 101; Som. 77, 38; Wrt. Voc. 55, 43.
hengen, e; f. I. hanging :-- Eode and hí sylfe áheng ... Se deóful hí tó hire ágenre hengene gelǽrde she went and hung herself ... The devil persuaded her to her own hanging [to hang herself], Homl. Th, ii. 30, 24. Hét hine hón and mid hengen þráwan tó langere hwíle bade hang him and for a long time torture him with hanging, 308, 31. II. that on which any one is hung, a gibbet, gallows, cross :-- Crist ðone ðe hí on hengene fæstnodon Christ whom they fastened on a cross, Homl. Th. ii. 256, 22: 308, 30. Laurentius ástreht on ðære hengen þancode his Drihtne ... Hé hét álýsan ðone diácon of ðære hengene Lawrence stretched on the cross thanked his Lord ... He ordered the deacon to be released from the cross, i. 426, 32, 35. III. prison, confinement, durance. Schmid, p. 609, suggests a connection between this meaning and that given under I. in the following remark: 'Die grammatische Bedeutung des Wortes fürht darauf, dass ursprünglich darunter das Anhängen an einen Block oder das Einspannen in den Stock, als die Art der Sicherung eines Gefangenen, der man sich bediente, wenn Gefängnisse fehlten, verstanden worden sei.' Accordingly he translates the following passage, L. Alf. pol. 35; Th. i. 84, 4 :-- Gif hé hine on hengenne [MS. B. hengene] álecgge 'wenn er ihn in den Stock legt,' which Thorpe renders if he lay him in prison. In the latter sense it is found L. C. S. 35; Th. i. 396, 27 :-- Gif freóndleás man swá geswenced weorþe ðæt hé borh næbbe ðonne gebúge hé hengenne [MS. B. hengene] and ðǽr gebíde óþ ðæt hé gá tó Godes ordále if a friendless man be so distressed that he have no surety, then let him submit to prison, and there abide, until he go to God's ordeal. Cf. L. H. 65, 5; Th. i. 568, 14, ponatur in hengen. [Cf. O. Sax. hie (Krist) welda thesa werold alla mid is henginnia alósian, Hel. Heyne 5435: thuo sprak theró maunó óðer (the penitent thief) an thero benginna thár hie geheftid stuod, 5591.]
hengen-wítnung, e; f. The punishment of imprisonment :-- Gif forworht man friþstól geséce and þurh ðæt feorh geyrne ðonne sý þreóra án for his feore búte man bet geárian wille wergild éce þeówet hengenwítnung if a man who has forfeited his life gain a sanctuary, and thereby secure his life, let there be one of three things instead of his life, unless he obtain remission more favourably, wergild, perpetual thraldom, imprisonment, L. Eth. vii. 16; Th. i. 332, 18.]
hengest, es; m. A gelding, horse, steed :-- Hengst canterius, Ælfc. Gl. 20; Som. 59, 46; Wrt. Voc. 23, 8. Án hundred wildra horsa and xvi tame hencgestas a hundred wild horses and sixteen tame steeds, Chart. Th. 548, 11. [Laym. hængest: O. Frs. hengst: Icel. hestr a stallion, horse: O. H. Ger. hengist eunuchus, spado, cantarius, equus castratus: Ger. hengst a stallion.] DER. brim-, faroþ-, fæt-, fríd-, mere-, sǽ-, sund-, wǽg-hengest.
Hengest, es; m. Hengest, Rd. 1, 15; S. 483, 28: Chr. 449; Erl.13, 1-21: 455; Erl. 13, 22-25: 457; Erl. 12, 17-20: 465; Erl. 12, 21: 473; Erl. 12, 25: 488; Erl. 14, 3-4.
heng-wíte, es; n. A fine to be paid for not keeping a criminal in custody so that he may be brought before the proper tribunal :-- Si quis latronem vel furem, sine clamore et insecutione ejus, cui dampnum factum est, ceperit, et captum ultra duxerit dabit x solid. de henwite [hengwite, French text], L. Will. 1. 4; Th. i. 469, 27.
henna, an; m. A fowl :-- Gif swýn oððe henna ete of mannes líchaman si porcus vel gallina de corpore hominis ederit, L. Ecg. P. iv. 57; Th. ii. 220, 13. v. hæn.
hentan; p. te To pursue, follow after, seize[?] :-- Gif hé man tó deáþe gefylle beó he ðonne útlah and his hente mid hearme ǽlc ðara ðe riht wille if he fell a man to death, let him then be an outlaw, and let every one that desires right pursue him with hue and cry[?], L. E. G. 6; Th. i. 170, 10: L. C. S. 49; Th. i. 404, 11. Nime ðonne leáfe ðæt hé móte hentan æfter his ágenan let him then take leave to follow after his own, 19; Th. i. 386, 17. [Chauc. Piers P. hente to seize, take, get: Prompt. Parv. hentin rapere.] v. ge-hentan.
heó-dæg; adv. To-day; hodie, Cd. 30; Th. 41, 23; Gen. 661. [O. Sax. hiudu: O. Frs. hiudega, hiude: O. H. Ger. hiutu: Ger. heute: cf. Goth. himma daga.]
heóf, es; m. Lamentation, grief, sorrow :-- Maximus mid micelum heófe gedréfed him tó com Maximus troubled with great grief came to him, Homl. Th. i. 414, 17. Sǽde ðæt hie hæfden bet gewyrht ðæt him mon mid heáfe [heófe MS. C.] ongeán cóme ðonne mid triumphan Fabius oblatum sibi a senatu triumphum suscipere recusaret, quia luctus potius debebatur, Ors. 2, 4; Swt. 70, 20. Heóf mínne planctum meum, Ps. Spl. 29, 13 [heáf, Ps. Th. 29, 11].
heófan; p. de To lament, grieve, wail, mourn :-- Hungre heófeþ laments for hunger, Exon. 91 b; Th. 342, 30: Gn. Ex. 150. Heófaþ mid handum [Ps. Th. wépaþ and heówaþ] plaudite manibus, Ps. Spl. T. 46, 1: 97, 8. Wé heófdon and gé ne weópon lamentavimus et non plorastis, Lk. Skt. 7, 32. Gif hé mid inweardre heortan heófe if he heartily grieve, L. Pen. 8; Th. ii. 280, 10. Heófende spræc lamenting he spoke, Andr. Kmbl. 3113; An. 1559. Álegdon ðá tó middes mǽrne þeóden hæleþ hiófende hláford leófne warriors lamenting laid down in their midst the great prince, the lord beloved, Beo. Th. 6275; B. 3142. [Goth. hiufan; p. hauf, v. Lk. 7, 32: O. Sax. heoƀandi, hioƀandi, part. pres: O. H. Ger. hiufit luget; hiufanti luctuosus.] v. heófian, heáfan.
heófe-líce; adj. Lamentable, grievous; funebris, Som.
heófian; p. ode To lament, mourn, wail, bewail :-- Ic heófige lugeo, Ælfc. Gr. 26; Som. 28, 63. Gé heófiaþ and wépaþ plorabitis et flebitis vos, Jn. Skt. 16, 20. Hieremias heófode miclum ðæs folces synna swá swá his bóc ús segþ Jeremiah lamented greatly the people's sins, as his book tells us, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 70, 440. Ðá weópon hig ealle and heófodon hí flebant autem omnes et plangebant illam, Lk. Skt. 8, 52. Hí heófodon folces synna they bewailed people's sins, Homl. Th. i. 540, 30. Wá eów ðe nú hlihgaþ gé sceolon heófian and wépan woe to you that laugh now, ye shall mourn and weep, 180, 15. Ðá ongann Ypolitus sárlíce heófian then Hippolytus began sorely to lament, 428, 12: 408, 9: L. E. I. prm; Th. ii. 398, 36. Heófigende lugens, Ps. Spl. 34, 17. Heófiende flebilis, Bt. 2; Fox 4, 8. Of heófigendre menigu from a mourning multitude, Homl. Th. i. 86, 33. Mid heófigendum stemnum with lamenting voices, ii. 420, 16. v. heófan.
HEOFON, heofen, heofun, hefon, heben, hiofon, es; m. HEAVEN; cælum :-- Heofon and heofuna heofun and eorþe and ealle ða þing ðe sind on him sind Drihtnes the heaven and the heaven of heavens is the Lord's, the earth with all that therein is, Deut. 10, 14. Heofen and eorþe síde sǽflódas cæli et terra, mare, Ps. Th. 68, 35. Heofon and hel heaven and hell, Exon. 31 a; Th. 97, 17; Cri. 1592. Heben til hrófe heaven for a roof, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 195, 13. Heofonas god the god of heaven, Hy. 3, 58; Hy. Grn. ii. 282, 58: Andr. Kmbl. 3000; An. 1503. Hiofones leóhtes beorhto the brightness of the light of heaven, Bt. Met. Fox 21, 77; Met. 21, 39. Of hefene from heaven, Beo. Th. 3146; B. 1571. Mid his worde synt getrymede heofonas verbo Domini cæli firmati sunt, Ps. Th. 32, 5. Ðá wǽron fullfremode heofenas and eorþe the heavens and the earth were finished, Gen. 2, 1. Heofona ríce regnum cælorum, Mt. Kmbl. 13, 24. Of heofonum ðe of mannum e cælo an ex hominibus, 21, 25. Gif ic on heofenas up ástíge si ascendero in cælum, Ps. Th. 138, 6. [O. Sax. heƀan and himil: Icel. hifinn and himinn: Goth. himins: O. Frs. himul, himel: O. H. Ger. himil cælum, lacunar: Ger. himmel.] v. Grmm. D. M. 661.
heofon, heófon[?] :-- Hergas on helle heofon ðider becom druron deófolgyld, Cd. 145; Th. 180, 17; Exod. 47. Grein translates heofon lamentation and druron mourned; but may not hergas be from hearg q.v. and parallel to deófolgyld, and the passage be translated the idols and false gods fell to hell and heaven came there?
heofon-beácen, es; n. A heavenly beacon or sign [the fiery pillar], Cd. 148; Th. 184, 15; Exod. 107.
heofon-beohrt; adj. Heaven-bright, bright with the light of heaven, Cd. 190; Th. 237, 21; Dan. 341: Exon. 23 a: Th. 63, 13; Cri. 1019.
heofon-býme, an; f. A heavenly trumpet, Exon. 21 b; Th. 59, 8; Cri. 949.
heofon-candel, -condel, e; f. A heavenly candle or light [the sun], Andr. Kmbl. 486; An. 243: [the fiery pillar] Cd. 148; Th. 184, 31; Exod. 115: [sun and moon] Exon. 16 b; Th. 38, 17; Cri. 608: [the stars] 93 a; Th. 349, 30; Sch. 54.
heofon-col, es; n. The coal of the heavens :-- Brúne hátum heofoncolum brown with the sun's heat [the Ethiopians], Cd. 146; Th. 182, 5; Exod. 71.
heofon-cund; adj. Heavenly, celestial :-- Heofuncund mett manna, Jn. Skt. Lind. 6, 31. Seó heofencunde weorþung the heavenly honour, Blickl. Homl. 165, 26. Heáh and hálig heofuncund þrýnes O! high and holy heavenly Trinity, Exon. 13 a; Th. 24, 4; Cri. 379. Hý ðæs heofoncundan boldes bídaþ they wait for the heavenly dwelling, 33 b; Th. 107, 6; Gú. 54: 35 a; Th. 112, 11; Gú. 142. Ða beóþ ðære heofencundan Jerusalem burgware who are citizens of the heavenly Jerusalem, Bt. 5, 1; Fox 10, 7. [Cf. Goth. himina-kunds cælestis.]
heofon-cyning, es; m. The king of heaven, heavenly king :-- God heáh heofoncyning God high king of heaven, Cd. 23; Th. 30, 7; Gen. 463. Ic eom heáhengel heofoncyninges I am an archangel of the king of heaven, Blickl. Homl. 201, 5: Cd. 23; Th. 30, 28; Gen. 474: Andr. Kmbl. 184; An. 92. Heofoncining on heora heortum beran to bear the king of heaven in their hearts, Blickl. Homl. 79, 32. Heofoncyning hýhst most exalted of heavenly kings, Exon. 117 b; Th. 451, 23; Dóm. 108. [O. Sax. heƀan-, himil-kuning: O. H. Ger. himel-chuning superum regem (jovem).]
heofon-déma, an; m. A heavenly judge, Cd. 228; Th. 306, 4; Sat. 658.
heofon-dreám, es; m. Heavenly joy, joy of heaven, Ps. Th. 113, 11: Soul Kmbl. 206; Seel. 104: Exon. 54 a; Th. 190, 27; Az. 79.
heofon-duguþ, e; f. A heavenly host, Exon. 32 a; Th. 101, 7; Cri. 1655.
heofone, an; f. Heaven :-- Heofone næs ná ǽr ǽrðan ðe se ælmihtiga wyrhta hí geworhte on anginne heaven was not before the almighty workman wrought it in the beginning, Hexam. i; Norm. 4. Heofenan ríce the kingdom of heaven, Homl. Th. i. 68, 2: 58, 4. God gesette hig on ðære heofenan ðæt hie scinon ofer eorþan God set them in the firmament of heaven to give light upon the earth, Gen. 1, 17, 14. On anginne gesceóp God heofenan and eorþan in the beginning God created the heaven and the earth, 1, 1.
heofon-engel, es; m. An angel of heaven, Exon. 15 a; Th. 31, 8; Cri. 492: 21 b; Th. 57, 34; Cri. 928: 75 a; Th. 281, 7; Jul. 642: Hy. 7, 13; Hy. Grn. ii. 287, 13.
heofon-feld, es; m. A Northumbrian local name :-- Is seó stów on Englisc nemned Heofenfeld wæs heó geára swá nemned for tácnunge ðæra tóweardra wundra forðon ðe ðǽr ðæt heofonlíce sigebeácen árǽred beón sceolde and ðǽr heofonlíc sige ðam cyninge seald wæs vocatur locus ille lingua Anglorum Hefenfelth, quod dici potest Latine cælestis campus, quod certo utique præsagio futurorum antiquitus nomen accepit significans nimirum quod ibidem cæleste erigendum trophæum, cælestis inchoanda victoria, Bd. 3, 2; S. 524. 33. Seó stów is geháten Heofonfeld on Englisc wið ðone langan weall ðe ða Rómániscan worhton the place is called in English Heavenfield, by the long wall that the Romans made, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 96, 33.
heofon-fugol, es; m. A bird of the air, fowl of heaven :-- Heofon-fugelas healdaþ eardas volucres cæli habitabunt, Ps. Th. 103, 11: Cd. 192; Th. 240, 16; Dan. 387: 74; Th. 91, 21; Gen. 1515: 10; Th. 13, 11; Gen. 201.
heofon-hæbbende arcitenens, sagittarius, Lye.
heofon-hálig; adj. Heaven-holy, of celestial holiness, Andr. Kmbl. 1455; An. 728.
heofon-hám, es; m. A heavenly home, heaven :-- On heofonháme in cælo, Ps. Th. 102, 18: 137, 6: 148, 4: Exon. 12 a; Th. 18, 33; Cri. 293. Ðú ðe heofonhámas healdest and wealdest qui habitas in cælo, Ps. Th. 122, 1.
heofon-heáh; adj. Heaven-high, reaching to heaven :-- Heofonheánne beám a tree the height whereof reached unto heaven [Dan. 4, 11], Cd. 202; Th. 250, 29; Dan. 554.
heofon-heall, e; f. A heavenly hall :-- Ne hí swá fúle ne móton intó his fægeran heofonhealle nor may they so foul enter into his fair heavenly hall, L. Ælfc. P. 41; Th. ii. 382, 10.
heofon-hláf, es; m. Heavenly bread, bread from heaven, manna :-- Hí heofonhláfe hálige gefylde pani cæli saturavit eos, Ps. Th. 104, 35. [Cf. O. H. Ger. himel-brot.]
heofon-hróf, es; m. I. the roof of heaven, heaven :-- Under heofunhrófe under the roof of heaven, Exon. 58 a; Th. 209, 19; Ph. 173. II. a roof, ceiling :-- Heofenhróf lacunar, Cot. 119, Lye. [Cf. O. H. Ger. himil laqueare, lacunar, camera: himilizi lacunar, laquear.]
heofon-hwealf, e; f. The vault of heaven, Andr. Kmbl. 1089; An. 545: 2803; An. 1404.
heofonisc; adj. Heavenly :-- Hú ðæt heofenisce fýr forbærnde ðæt lond on ðæm wǽron ða twá byrig on getimbred Sodome and Gomorre how fire from heaven consumed the land in which were built the two cities Sodom and Gomorrah, Ors. tit. 3; Swt. 1, 6. [Cf. O. Sax. O. H. Ger. himilisk: O. Frs. himelesk: Icel. hifneskr, himneskr.]
heofon-leóht, es; n. Heavenly light, Andr. Kmbl. 1948; An. 976. [Cf. O. H. Ger. himel-lieht.]
heofon-leóma, an; m. A heavenly radiance, light, Andr. Kmbl. 1675; An. 840. [Cf. Icel. himin-ljómi.]
heofon-líc; adj. Heavenly :-- Mín se heofenlíca Fæder Pater meus cælestis, Mt. Kmbl. 18, 35: Ps. Th. 67, 14. Ðín rihtwísnes is swá heáh swá ða heofonlícan muntas justitia tua sicut montes Dei, 35, 6. Heofonlícæ þing cælestia, Jn. Skt. 3, 12. [Cf. O. H. Ger. himil-líh cælestis.]
heofon-líce; adv. From heaven, heavenly; celitus, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Som. 42, 3.
heofon-ligende [lifigende?] cælebs, virgo, quod vitam cælestem agat, Som.
heofon-mægen, es; n. Heavenly might :-- Bibodu hálgan heofonmægnes the commands of the holy heavenly power [God], Exon. 118 a; Th. 454, 19; Hy. 4, 35. Heofonmægna God God of the heavenly powers, 256; Th. 75, 8: Cri. 1218.
heofon-ríce, es; n. The kingdom of heaven :-- Biþ him heofonríce ágiefen to them shall be given the kingdom of heaven, Exon. 26 a; Th. 77, 22; Cri. 1260. Heofenríces duru the door of the kingdom of heaven, Blickl. Homl. 9, 1. Heofonríces weard auctorem regni cælestis, Bd. 4, 24; S. 597, 20: Cd. 69; Th. 82, 17; Gen. 1363. [O. Sax. heƀan-ríki: cf. O. Sax. himil-ríki: O. Frs. himel-rík: Icel. himin-ríki: Dan. himme-rige: O. H. Ger. himil-ríchi: Ger. himmel-reich.]
heofon-steorra, an; m. A star of heaven :-- Seó mænigeo mǽre wǽre swá heofonsteorran the multitude should be great as the stars of heaven, Cd. 190; Th. 236, 15; Dan. 321: 192; Th. 239, 17; Dan. 371. Hreósaþ heofonsteorran the stars of heaven shall fall, Exon. 23 a; Th. 64, 27; Cri. 1044.
heofon-stól, es; m. A heavenly throne, Cd. 1; Th. 1, 15; Gen. 8.
heofon-þreát, es; m. A heavenly band, Cd. 218; Th. 278, 15; Sat. 222.
heofon-þrym, -mes: m. Heavenly glory or majesty, Andr. Kmbl. 962; An. 481: 3436; An. 1722.
heofon-timber, es; n. A heavenly structure, Cd. 8; Th. 9, 23; Gen. 146.
heofon-torht; adj. Heaven-bright, Exon. 93 b; Th. 351, 1; Sch. 73: Cd. 146; Th. 182, 19; Exod. 78: Andr. Kmbl. 2035; An. 1020: 2539; An. 1270: Bt. Met. Fox 23, 6; Met. 23, 3.
heofon-tungol, es; n. A heavenly body :-- Hádor heofontungol the sun, Bt. Met. Fox 22, 47; Met. 22, 24. Hǽdre heofontungol bright heavenly bodies. Exon. 18 a; Th. 43, 23; Cri. 693; 56 a; Th. 199, 28; Ph. 32: Cd. 199; Th. 247, 23; Dan. 501. [Cf. O. Sax. himil-tungal: Icel. himin-tungl: O. H. Ger. himil-zungal sidus.]
heofon-ware; pl. The inhabitants of heaven :-- Ealle gesceafta ge heofonware ge eorþware all creatures, both those in heaven and those on earth, Blickl. Homl. 11, 4. Ða hálgan heofenware the holy dwellers in heaven, 135, 17. v. next word.
heofon-waru, e; f. The inhabitants of heaven :-- Hé dyde ðæt eal heofonwaru wundrode he caused all the inhabitants of heaven to wonder, Homl. Th. i. 442, 35: Hy. 7, 95; Hy. Grn. ii. 289, 95. Ealle heofonwara and eorþwara on his andwerdnysse beóþ onstyred all those in heaven and on earth shall be moved in his presence, Chart. Th. 390, 10: Homl. Th. ii. 360, 32. Bearn heofonwara children of heaven-dwellers, Salm. Kmbl. 930; Sal. 464. Ætforan heofonwarum and eorþwarum and helwarum before the inhabitants of heaven and of earth and of hell, Homl. Th. ii. 604, 5. Cristes ácennednys gegladode heofenwara and eorþwara and helwara, i. 36, 25.
heofon-weard, es; m. The guardian of heaven, God, Cd. 6; Th. 8, 6; Gen. 120: 86; Th. 107, 28; Gen. 1796. [O. Sax. heƀan-ward an angel.]
heofon-wolcen, es; n. A cloud of heaven, of the sky :-- Of heofon-wolcnum from the clouds of heaven, Ps. Th. 147, 6. Ðǽr mec féddon hruse and heofonwolcn [? MS. wlonc] where earth and rain from heaven fed me, Exon. 126 b; Th. 485, 23; Rä. 72, 2. [Cf. O. Sax. himilwolcan: O. H. Ger. himil-wolchen nubes cæli.]
heofon-wóma, an; m. A heavenly sound, the sound heard at the day of judgment, Exon. 20 a; Th. 52, 58; Cri. 835: 22 b; Th. 62, 10; Cri. 999.
heofon-wuldor, es; n. Heavenly glory, Hy. 6, 12; Hy. Grn. ii. 286, 12.
heóf-sang, es; m. An elegy, Lye.
heófung, e; f. Mourning, lamentation, grieving :-- Ðonne beóþ heora siblingas tó heófunge geneádode then will their relations be forced to mourn, Homl. Th. i. 88, 1. Mid micelre heófunge with great lamentation, ii. 516, 59. Biddende forgifennysse mid wópe and heófunge asking forgiveness with weeping and lamentation, H. R. 107, 27. On ðære wǽron áwritene heófunga scriptæ erant in eo lamentationes, Ælfc. Gr. 48; Som. 49, 8, 9. Ǽr he tó heófungum sóðre behreówsunge gecyrran mǽge before he can turn to the lamentations of true repentance, Homl. Th. ii. 124, 13.
heófung-dæg, es; m. A day of mourning :-- Ða heófungdagas wǽron ðá gefyllede completi sunt dies planctus, Deut, 34, 8.
heófung-tíd, e; f. A time of mourning :-- Fram ðisum dæge óþ eastron is úre heófungtíd from this day until Easter is our time of mourning, Homl. Th. ii. 86, 25.
heolca, an; m.[?] Hoar-frost, rime :-- Swá swá bytte on heolcan sicut uter in pruina, Ps. Lamb. 118, 83.
heolfor, es; n. Blood from a wound, gore; cruor :-- Blód út ne com heolfor of hreþre ðeáh mec bite stíðecg stýle there came not out blood or gore from my breast though the steel with stiff edge bit me, Exon. 130 a; Th. 499, 9; Rä. 88, 13. Heolfres þurstge thirsty for gore, 99 b; Th. 373, 24; Seel. 114. Flód blóde weól hátan heolfre blood and hot gore bubbled up in the water, Beo. Th. 2850; B. 1423: 1702; B. 849: 2609; B. 1302: Andr. Kmbl. 2483; An. 1243: 2555; An. 1279: Cd. 166; Th. 206, 9; Exod. 449: Th. 208, 1; Exod. 476.
heolfrig; adj. Gory, bloody :-- Heolfrig herereáf gory armour, Judth. 12; Thw. 26, 8; Jud. 317: 11; Thw. 23, 20; Jud. 130.
heoloran, holrian; p. ede To weigh in a balance, to consider :-- Hé holrede pensavit, cogitavit, Mone B. 1604. Heolorende librantes, Cot. 123: 180, Lye.
heoloþ-cynn, es; n. A race living in a place of concealment[?], the devils in hell, Exon. 30 b; Th. 94, 19; Cri. 1542. v. next word; and cf. heolstor.
heoloþ-helm, es; m. A helm which conceals or makes invisible the wearer, Exon. 97 a; Th. 362, 31; Wal. 45. [Icel. huliðs-hjálmr.] v. hæleþ-helm.
heolra, heolora, an; m. The scale of a balance, a balance[?] :-- Twí-feald heolra bilanx, Lye. v. helur-blæd, heoloran.
heolstor, es; n. That which covers or conceals, darkness, a veil, covering, place of concealment :-- Siððan geára goldwine mínne hrusan heolstre biwráh since long ago the veil of earth enwrapped my bounteous patron, Exon. 76 b; Th. 287, 32; Wand. 23. Nágan wé ðæs heolstres ðæt wé ús gehýdan mágon we have not the place of concealment to hide ourselves in, Cd. 215; Th. 271, 5; Sat. 101. Gewitan him ðá gangan under beámsceade hýddon hie on heolstre ðá hie hálig word drihtnes gehýrdon they retired then under the trees' shade, hid themselves in the darkness when they heard the holy word of the Lord, 40; Th. 53, 12; Gen. 860. Ðá com beácna beorhtost of heolstre then came the sun out of darkness, Andr. Kmbl. 485; An. 243: Elen. Kmbl. 2223; El. 1113. Heolstre gehýded helme gedýgled þýstre oferfæðmed with a veil hidden, with a covering concealed, with darkness enwrapped, Exon. 122 b; Th. 470, 9; Hy. 11, 13: 61 b; Th. 227, 4; Ph. 418: 69 a; Th. 257, 2; Jul. 241: Elen. Kmbl. 2161; El. 1082. Sume wuniaþ on wéstennum gesittaþ hámas on heolstrum some dwell in deserts, occupy homes in hidden places, Exon. 33 b; Th. 107, 5; Gú. 54. [Goth. hulistr; n. a veil: cf. Icel. holstr; m. a sheath, case: Dut. holster holster. In Romaunt of Rose hulstred occurs = hidden 'I wol herborow me There I hope best to hulstred be,' 6146.]
heolstor; adj. Dark :-- Ðǽr wunian sceal in ðam heolstran hám hyhtwynna leás there shall dwell in that dark abode reft of the joys of hope, Judth. 10; Thw. 23, 14; Jud. 121.
heolstor-cófa, an; m. A dark, concealed chamber, grave :-- Deáþræced heleþa heolstorcófan onhliden, weorþaþ the death houses, the graves of men shall be uncovered, Exon. 56 b; Th. 200, 31; Ph. 49.
heolstor-hof, es; n. A dark dwelling, hell, Elen. Kmbl. 1524; El. 764.
heolstor-loca, an; m. A dark enclosure, prison, Andr. Kmbl. 288; An. 144; 2010: An. 1007.
heolstor-sceado; f. A shadow that hides, Cd. 5; Th. 7, 9; Gen. 103.
heolstor-scúwa, an: m. Dark shadow, darkness, Andr. Kmbl. 2508; An. 1255.
heolstrig; adj. Latebrosus, Cot. 169, Lye.
heonan, heonon, heonun, hionan; adv. of place and time. Hence, from here :-- Heonon abhine, Ælfc. Gr. 16; Som. 20, 4. Feor heonan far from here, Exon. 55 b; Th. 197, 19; Ph. 1. Ic mæg heonon geseón I can see from here. Cd. 32; Th. 41, 34; Gen. 666. Ǽr ðú heonan móte ere thou mayest go hence, Exon. 72 a; Th. 269, 29; Jul. 457, Ðis is mín ágen cýþ ic wæs ǽr hionan cumen this is my own country, from here did I formerly come, Bt. Met. Fox 24, 100; Met. 24, 50. Gáþ heonun recedite, Mt. Kmbl. 9, 24. Ásend ðé heonun nyþer mitte te hinc deorsum, Lk. Skt. 4, 9. Ge heonon ge ðanon from here and there, from any quarter, L. C. S. 19; Th. 1. 386, 16. Ic forþ heonun ðíne gewitnesse wel geheólde I should henceforth keep thy testimony well, Ps. Th. 118, 31, 24: Exon. 16 a; Th. 36, 27; Cri. 582. Heonon forþ and óþ on woruld ex hoc nunc et usque in sæculum, Blickl. Gloss: Gen. 8, 21. Gif hit sceal heonan forþ gódiende weorþan if things from this time forward are to be improving, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 105, 19. Mín feorh heonan on ðisse eahteþan ende geséceþ my life shall reach its end on the eighth day from this time, Exon. 47 b; Th. 164, l9; Gú. 1009. [Laym. heonne, hinnes: Piers P. hennes: O. Sax. hinan: O. H. Ger. hinan, hinnan hinc: Ger. hennen.]
heonane, heonone; adv. Hence :-- Far heonone transi hinc, Mt. Kmbl. 17, 20. Ðú miht heonane gehýran thou mayest hear from this place, Cd. 37; Th. 49, 18; Gen. 794: 39; Th. 51, 24; Gen. 831. [O. Sax. hinana: O. H. Ger. hinana hinc.]
heonan-síþ, es; m. Departure, death, Exon. 11 a; Th. 450, 12; Dóm. 86.
heonon-weard; adj. Going hence, passing away :-- Ðeós world is heononweard this world is passing away, Blickl. Homl. 115, 20: Cd. 71; Th. 86, 15; Gen. 1431.
heonu, heono, henu, hona; interj. Lo, behold :-- Heonu [henu, Rush.] ecce, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 11, 8. Heono, Jn. Skt. Lind. 1, 29. Hona lá mín hláford ecce dominus meus, Shrn. 60, 14.
heópa, an; m. A briar, bramble :-- Ætt ðæm heápe [heópe, Rush.] secum rubum, Lk. Skt. Lind. 20, 37. (Or should this be placed under heópe?) [O. Sax. hiopo: O. H. Ger. hiufo; m. tribulus.]
heóp-bremel, es; m. A dog-rose, wild rose, bramble, briar :-- Heópbrymel rubus, Ælfc. Gl. 47; Som. 65, 22; Wrt. Voc. 33, 22. Heópbremles leáf leaves of the dog-rose, L. M. 2, 51; Lchdm. ii. 266, 8.
heópe, an; f. A hip, seed-vessel of the dog-rose; also the plant on which the hip grows[?] :-- Heópe butunus [i.e. button, Fr. bouton, knob], Ælfc. Gl. 40; Som. 63, 90; Wrt. Voc. 30, 36. Genim brér ðe hiópan on weaxaþ take briar on which hips grow, L. M. 1, 38; Lchdm. ii. 96, 15. [Chauc. hepe.] v. heópa.
heorcnian, hercnian; p. ode To hearken, listen :-- Gúþlác eode sóna út and háwode and hercnode Guthlac went out directly and looked and listened, Guthl. 6; Gdwin. 42, 15. Ypolitus mid geþylde heora wordum heorcnode Hippolytus listened to their words with patience, Homl. Th. i. 442, 2. Maria gesæt ær Godes fótum his word heorcnigende Mary sat at the feet of God hearkening to his words, ii. 440, 16. Ðæt hit tó hefigtýme ne þince ðám heorcnigendum that it may not seem too tedious to the listeners, 72, 23. [Orm. herrcnenn: A. R. hercnen: Laym. hercnede; p: Chauc. herkneth.]
heorcnung, hearcnung, e; f. Hearkening, listening, hearing, power of hearing :-- Wé sceolon úre eáran fram yfelre heorcnunge áwendan we must turn away our ears from evil listening, Homl. Th. i. 96, 23: ii. 564, 4: Ælfc. Gr. 1; Som. 2, 29. Hé forgeaf deáfum heorcnunge he gave to the deaf hearing, Homl. Th. i. 26, 13: ii. 16, 13. Hearcnunge, H. R. 7, 14. Drihten ic gehýrde heorcnunge ðíne Domine audivi auditionem tuam, Cant. Abac. Lamb. fol. 189, 2.
HEORD, e; f. A HERD, flock :-- Hiord arimentum, Wrt. Voc. 287. 53. Ðær wæs án swýna heord erat grex porcorum, Mt. Kmbl. 8, 30. Ic hæbbe óðre sceáp ða ne synt of ðisse heorde alias oves habeo quæ non ex hoc ovili, Jn. Skt. 10, 16. Hé dráf his heorde tó inneweardum ðam wéstene he led the flock to the backside of the desert, Ex, 3, 1: L. R. S. 4; Th. i. 434, 21. Rihtwís hyrde ofer cristene heorde a righteous shepherd over a christian flock, L. I. P. 2; Th. ii. 304, 10. Of eówrum heordum de gregibus tuis, Ps. Th. 49, l0. Heora heorda wíslíce healdan to keep their flocks wisely, L. Eth. vi. 2; Th. i. 314, 14. Godcunde heorda spiritual flocks, L. C. E. 26; Th. i. 374, 34. [Goth. hairda: Icel. hjörð: O. H. Ger. herta grex: Ger. heerde.] v. hríðer-heord.
heordan 'hards of flax; lim fila utiliora. Stuppa, Gl. C. 58 b. Naptarum heordena, Gl. Cleop. 65 c.' Lchdm. iii. 331, col. 1. [Prompt. Parv. hyrdys or herdys of flax, or hempe stuppa, napta. See note, p. 241. Hards, hurds tow, East Norfolk Gloss: Engl. Dial. Soc. vol. ii.]
heorde; f. Care, guarding, custody :-- Hé út wæs gongende tó neáta scýpene ðara heorde him wæs ðære nihte beboden egressus esset ad stabula jumentorum quorum ei custodia nocte illa erat delegata, Bd. 4, 24; S. 597, 9. Forhwon beóþ ǽfre swǽ þríste ða ungelǽredan ðæt hí underfón ða heorde ðæs láreówdómes ab imperitis ergo pastorale magisterium qua temeritate suscipitur, Past. 1; Swt. 25, 17. Monige underfóþ heorde nonnulli gregis curam suscipiunt, 18, 5; Swt. 135, 25. [Cf.(?) Icel. hirð a king's body-guard: hirði- a prefix, tending, keeping.]
heord-, hyrd-rǽden, e; f. Guard, guardianship, care, keeping :-- Him is sinderlíce betǽht hyrdrǽden ofer eallum cristenum monnum to him is especially committed the guardianship over all christian men, Homl. Th. ii. 290, 26. Geþyld is wyrtruma and hyrdrǽden ealra háligra mægna patience is the root and guard of all holy virtues, 544, 5. Hí geswencaþ heora hlaford þurh ymhídignysse heordrǽdene they distress their possessor through solicitude of guarding, 92, 18. Gehwilc hæbbe him betǽhtne engel tó hyrdrǽdene each has an angel assigned to him as guard, i. 516, 32. Se stæf getácnaþ gýmene and hyrdrǽdene the staff indicates care and guardianship, ii. 280, 35. Tó heordrædene ad custodiam, Hymn. Surt. 11, 27. Ðá gesette God æt ðam infære engla hyrdrǽdene then God set a guard of angels at the entrance, Gen. 3, 24: Boutr. Scrd. 20, 32. Ge habbaþ heordrǽdenne habetis custodiam, Mt. Kmbl. 27, 65. Heordrédena se ðe gesihþ swicunge hit getácnaþ to see pickets betokens deception, Lchdm. iii. 202, 13.
heóre, hýre; adj. Gentle, mild, pleasant :-- Nis ðæt heóru stów it is a savage place, Beo. Th. 2749; B. 1372. Culufre fótum stóp on beám hýre the dove with her feet stepped on to the tree, gentle, Cd. 72; Th. 88, 20; Gen. 1468. Ðǽr se hýra gæst þíhþ an þeáwum where the gentle spirit thrives in morals, Exon. 38 a; Th. 126, 9; Gú. 368. [Icel. hýrr sweet, smiling, mild.] v. un-heóre.
heorot, heort, es; m. A hart, stag, male deer :-- Nán heort ne onsúnode nǽnne león no hart shunned any lion, Bt. 35, 6; Fox 168, 9. Heorot hornum trum the hart firm of horns, Beo. Th. 2742; B. 1369. Heorut cervus, Ps. Stev. 41, 1. Swá hwá swá slóge heort oððe hinde hine man sceolde blendian whoever killed hart or hind should be blinded, Chr. 1086; Erl. 222, 27, 28. Mid heortes horne and mid ylpenbáne with hart's horn and with ivory, Herb. 131, 2; Lchdm. i. 244, 8: Med. ex Qadr. 2, 1, 2, 3; Lchdm. i. 334, 2, 5, 9. Heortas and hinda harts and hinds, Bt. Met. Fox 19, 33; Met. 19, 17. Heortas cervos, Coll. Monast. Th. 21, 31. [Icel. hjörtr: O. H. Ger. hiruz cervus: Ger. hirsch.]
heorot-berge, an; f. Berry of the buckthorn, Lchdm. iii. 331, col. 1. [hart-berries vaccinium myrtillus, Engl. Dial. Soc. No. 26.]
heorot-brembel, es; m. Buckthorn; rhamnus, Lchdm. ii. 391-2.
heorot-brér, e; f. v.[?] heorot-brembel :-- Heortbrére moro, Lk. Skt. Rush. 17, 6.
heorot-, heort-clæfre, an; f. Hart-clover; medicago maculata, Lchdm. ii. 392.
heorot-crop a bunch of the flowers of hartwort, Lchdm. ii. 392.
Heorot-, Heort-ford, es; m. Hertford :-- Æt Heorotforda [Heortforda MS. D.] at Hertford, Chr. 913; Erl. 102, 1: 673; Erl. 36, 2; 37, 2.
heorr, hior; m. f. A hinge, cardinal point; cardo :-- Ðeós heorr hic cardo, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 3; Som. 8, 61. Seó hior ðe eall gód on hwearfaþ the hinge on which all good turns, Bt. 34, 7, Fox 142, 35. Wæs ðæt beorhte bold tóbrocen swíðe heorras tóhlidene the splendid dwelling was sorely shattered, hinges were broken, Beo. Th. 2002; B. 999. Heorras serras, Blickl. Gloss. Ðis gesceád ys æfter ðám feówor heorren this distinction is according to the four cardinal points, Lchdm. iii. 84, 11. [Chauc. 'no dore that he nolde heve of harre;' Prompt. Parv. herre of a lock cardo. v. note, p. 237: Icel. hjarri a hinge.]
heorra, an; m.[?] A bar, hinge[?] :-- Hé gestrangode heorran geata ðínra confortavit seras portarum tuarum, Ps. Lamb. 147, 2. v. heorr.
-heort, v. blíð-, ceald-, earm-, gram-, grim-, hát-, heáh-, heard-, mild-, riht-, rúm-, sam-, stearc-, wulf-heort. [Goth. -hairts: O. Sax. -hert.]
heort-cóðu, es; f. A disease of the heart, L. M. 2, 1; Lchdm. ii. 176, 13.
HEORTE, an; f. The HEART :-- Gif ðín heorte ace if thy heart ache, Lchdm. iii. 42, 1. Óþ ðæt him heortan blód foldan geséceþ until his heart's blood seek the earth, Salm. Kmbl. 314; Sal. 156 Wyxþ wind on ðære heortan wind waxeth in the heart, L. M. 1, 17; Lchdm. ii. 60, 7. Of ðære heortan cumaþ yfle geþancas de corde exeunt cogitationes malæ, Mt. Kmbl. 15, 19. Lustum heortena desideriis cordum, Ps. Th. 80, 12. [Laym. A. R. heorte: Orm. heorrte, herrte: Chauc. Wick. herte: Goth. hairto: O. Sax. herta: O. Frs. hirte: Icel. hjarta: O. H. Ger. herza: Ger. herz: Lat. cord-: Grk. ααρδία.]
heort-ece, es; m. Pain at the heart :-- Heó wið heortece well fremaþ it is very beneficial for heartache, Herb. 18, 3; Lchdm. i. 110, 19: ad cardiacos, 89, 3; Lchdm. i. 192, 16.
heorten; adj. Of a hart :-- Healfes pundes gewihte beran smeruwes and heortenes of bear's grease and of hart's, by weight of half a pound, Herb. 101, 3; Lchdm. i. 216, 15.
heort-gesída; pl. The entrails; enta, Lev. 3, 3.
HEORÞ, es; m. A HEARTH, fire-place; and taking the name of the whole from that of a part, a house :-- Heorþ foculare, Ælfc. Gl. 30; Som. 61, 73; Wrt. Voc. 27, 2: arula, Wrt. Voc. 63, 76. Hí ofslógon hine binnan his ágenan heorþæ they slew him in his own house, Chr. 1048; Erl. 177, 40. Hé sceolde bebeódan ðæt hí náman æt ǽlcum heorþe ánes geáres lamb he was to command them to take a yearling lamb for every house, Homl. Th. ii. 262, 27: Chart. Th. 609, 7, 11, 30. Of ǽlcum heorþe, 27. Be ǽlcum frigan heorþe, L. Edg. 1. 2; Th. i. 262, 17: L. C. E. 11; Th. i. 366, 29: L. In, 61; Th. i. 140, 14. Beþe hwílum ða sáran stówe æt heorþe warm the sore place at times at the hearth, L. M. 2, 59; Lchdm. ii. 280, 26. Genim ðæt séleste hunig dó ofer heorþ take the best honey, put it over the fire, 2, 28; Lchdm, ii. 224, 17. Be heorþe, Lchdm. iii. 122, 21. Hweorfaþ æfter heorþe they pass along the hearth [the floor of the fiery furnace], Exon. 55 b; Th. 196, 18; Az. 176. [Prompt. Parv. herthe, where fyre ys made ignearium, focarium: O. Frs. herth, hirth, herd: O. H. Ger. hert arula: Ger. herd.]
heorþa, herþa, an; m. A deer-skin :-- Heorþa nebris, Wrt. Voc. 86, 39.
heort-hama, an; m. A covering of the heart :-- Heorthama bucleamen, Ælfc. Gl. 75; Som. 71, 102; Wrt. Voc. 45, 9. Ðú nymst ðone hearthaman thou shalt take the fat that covers the inwards, Ex. 29, 22. [O. Frs. hert-hamo præcordia.]
heorþ-bacen; adj. Baked on the hearth :-- Heorþbacen hláf subcinericius vel focarius, Ælfc. Gl. 66; Som. 69, 64; Wrt. Voc, 41, 20. Mid heorþbacenum hláfe with a loaf baked on the hearth, Herb, 45, 2: Lchdm. i. 148, 8. Abraham nam ðæt flǽsc mid ðám heorþbacenum hláfum, Gen. 18, 8. Hí worhton þeorfe heorþbacene hláfas they baked unleavened cakes, Ex. 12, 39.
heorþ-cniht, es; m. A domestic, servant, attendant :-- Hió dyde sciella tó bisene his heorþcneohtum and ðus cwæþ sub squamarum specie de ejus satellitibus perhibetur, Past. 47, 3; Swt. 361, 18.
heorþ-fæst; adj. Having a house of one's own :-- Sý hé heorþfæst sý hé folgere whether he have a house of his own or be the follower of another man, L. C. S. 20; Th. i. 386, 23.
heorþ-geneát, es; m. A hearth-comrade, a follower who shares the hearth of his lord :-- Wé synt Hygeláces heorþgeneátas, Bee. Th. 528; B. 261: 3165; B. 1580: 4365; B. 2180: 6341; B. 3180; Byrht. Th. 137, 50; By. 204.
heort-hogu, e; f. Heart-care :-- Ðis mæg tó heorthoge ǽghwylcum bisceope this may be care of heart for every bishop, L. I. P. 5; Th. ii. 308, 27. v. hogu.
heorþ-pening, -peneg, es; m. A tax of a penny to be paid by every house [e.g. Peter's pence] :-- Be ðon heorþpeninge. Sý ǽlc heorþpenig ágífen be Petres mæsse dæge: and seðe hine tó ðam ándagan gelǽst næbbe, lǽde hine tó Róme, and ðǽr tó eácan xxx pænega and bringe ðonne swutelunge ðæt hé ðǽr swá micel betǽht hæbbe. And ðonne hé hám cume gylde ðam cynge hundtwelftig scillinga of the hearth-penny. Let every hearth-penny be paid up by St. Peter's mass day: and he who shall not have paid by that time, let him be led to Rome, and in addition thereto pay xxx pence, and then bring a certificate that he has there paid so much. And when he comes home let him pay the king a hundred and twenty shillings, L. Edg. I. 4; Th. i. 264, 6-12. Sylle his heorþpænig on hálgan þunresdæg let him pay his hearth-penny on holy Thursday, L. R. S. 3; Th. i. 432, 26: 4; Th. i. 434. 19. Heorþpenegas, Chart. Th. 432, 24.
heorþ-swǽpe, an; f. A bridesmaid; pronuba, Som. [Cf. hád-swápe.]
heorþ-werod, es; n. A band of household retainers, those who share the same hearth, a family :-- Ðá wearþ Jafeðe áféded heorþwerod suna and dóhtra then for Japhet was reared a family of sons and daughters, Cd. 78; Th. 96, 35; Gen. 1605. Se hálga héht his heorþwerod wǽpna onfón the holy man bade his retainers take their weapons, 94; Th. 123, 4; Gen. 2039: 95; Th. 125, 8; Gen. 2076: Byrht. Th. 132, 30; By. 24.
heort-lufe, an; f. Love which comes from the heart, Hy. 9, 29; Hy. Grn. ii. 292, 29.
heort-seóc; adj. Heart-sick; cardiacus, Cot. 209, Lye.
heort-seócnes cardialgia, Lye.
heort-wærc, es; m. Pain in the heart :-- Wið heortwærce for pain in the heart, L. M. 1, 17; Lchdm. ii. 60, 4.
heoru, heoro, hioro; m. A sword, Beo. Th. 2574; B. 1285: Exon. 92 a; Th. 346; 10; Gn. Ex. 202. The word is a poetical one both in English and Icelandic, and in these dialects, as in Old Saxon, is mostly used in compounds, [Goth. hairus: O. Sax. heru (in compounds only): Icel. hjörr.]
heoru-cumbul, es; n. A warlike ensign, Elen. Kmbl. 213; El. 107.
heoru-dolg, es; n. A sword-wound, deadly wound, Andr. Kmbl. 1883; An. 944.
heoru-dreór, es; m. Blood coming from wounds made by the sword, gore, Beo. Th. 978; B. 487: 1703; B. 849.
heoru-dreórig; adj. I. bloody with sword-wounds, gory, Beo. Th. 1875; B. 935: 3564; B. 1780: 5434; B. 2720: Andr. Kmbl. 1991; An. 998: 207; An. 1085: Elen. Kmbl. 2427; El. 1215. [O. Sax. heru-drórag.] II. very sad, sad unto death, Exon. 59 a; Th. 212, 28; Ph. 217.
heoru-drync, es; m. The sword's drink, blood flowing from a wound, Beo. Th. 4706; B. 2358. [Cf. Icel. hjör-lögr (lögr any liquid) blood.]
heoru-fæðm, es; m. A deadly, hostile grasp :-- Wolde heoru [huru MS.] fæðmum hilde gesceádan meant with deadly grasps to decide the conflict, Cd. 167; Th. 209, 24; Exod. 504. [Cf. wælfæðmum, Th. 208, 9; Exod. 480.]
heoru-gífre; adj. Greedy, eager to destroy, Exon. 22 a; Th. 60, 29; Cri. 977: 23 b; Th. 65, 25; Cri. 1060: 74 a; Th. 276, 16; Jul. 567: Th. 277, 25; Jul. 586: Beo. Th. 3000; B. 1498.
heoru-grǽdig; adj. Greedy to destroy, bloodthirsty, savagely greedy, Andr. Kmbl. 75; An. 38: 158; An. 79.
heoru-grim; adj. Very fierce or cruel, savage, Exon. 30 a; Th. 93, 10; Cri. 1524: 31 b; Th. 98, 25; Cri. 1613: 47 a; Th. 161, 1; Gú. 952: 53 a; Th. 186, 29; Az. 27: 111 a; Th. 425, 12: Rä. 41, 55: Beo. Th. 3132; B. 1564: 3698; B. 1847: Elen. Kmbl. 237; El. 119: Andr. Kmbl. 61; An. 31: Cd. 189; Th. 235, 16; Dan, 307.
heoru-hóciht; adj. Furnished with sharp hooks, barbed, Beo. Th. 2880; B. 1438.
heoru-scearp; adj. Terribly sharp, Exon. 102 b; Th. 388, 15; Rä. 6, 8.
heoru-sceorp, es; n. Warlike dress, Exon. 120 b; Th. 463, 20; Hö. 73.
heoru-serce, an; f. A war-shirt, coat of mail, Beo. Th. 5072; B. 2539.
heoru-swealwe, an; f. A hawk, Exon. 88 b; Th. 332, 17; Vy. 86.
heoru-sweng, es; m. A blow with a sword, Beo. Th. 3184; B. 1539: Andr. Kmbl. 1903; An. 954.
heoru-wǽpen, es; n. A weapon of war, a sword, Judth. 12; Thw. 25, 16; Jud. 263.
heoru-weallende; part. pres. Boiling fiercely, Beo. Th. 5556; B. 2781.
heoru-wearh; gen. -wearges; m. A savage, bloody wolf, Beo. Th. 2538; B. 1267.
heoru-word, es; n. A hostile, fierce word, Exon. 81 a; Th. 305, 7; Fä. 84.
heoru-wulf, es; m. A fierce wolf, a warrior, Cd. 151; Th. 189, 7; Exod. 181. [Cf. here-wulf.]
heóþu, e; f. A room, hall :-- Hé on heóþe gestód he in the hall halted, Beo. Th. 813; B. 404. [Dietrich in Haupt. x. 366 compares the word with κύτos: Heyne suggests a derivation from the root from which comes heáh, and translates as do Kemble and Thorpe dais, at the same time he gives the other etymology as a possible one.] v. hell-heóþo.
heowaþ, Ps. Th. 46, 1. v. heófan.
HÉR; adv. HERE, in this world, at this time :-- Hér hic, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Som. 40, 1. Ðá ic hér ǽrest com when I first came here, Cd. 129; Th. 164, 8; Gen. 2711. Hér gehýrþ Drihten ða ðe hine biddaþ and him sylleþ heora synna forgyfnesse. Hér is his mildheortnes ofer ús ac ðér is se éca dóm in this world the Lord heareth those that ask him and giveth them forgiveness of their sins. In this world his mercy is upon us, but in the next is the eternal judgement, L. E. I. prm; Th. ii. 394, 4-16. Hér in this year, Chr. passim. [Goth. hér: O. Sax. hér, hier: O. Frs. hír; Icel. hér: O. H. Ger. hiar, hier: Ger. hier.]
hér; adj. Noble, excellent, honourable, holy, sublime :-- Gehýr ðis hére spel [herrespel, Thorpe], hear this noble lay, Exon. 93 a; Th. 348, 32; Sch. 37. [O. Sax. hér: O. H. Ger. hér, hére almus, sanctus, magnificus: Ger. hehr.]
héra, an; m. One who obeys another, a servant, follower :-- Héra ɫ embehtmonn minister, Mk. Skt. Lind. 10, 43. Héra ɫ þegn minister, Jn. Skt. Lind. 12, 26. Héro ministros, Rtl. 11, 35. Æþelinga hleó beorna beággifa hérna hildfruma the shelter of princes, ring-giver of warriors, warlike chief of his followers, Elen, Kmbl. 201; El. l01. v. ambeht-héra and hýran.
hér-æfter; adv. Hereafter :-- Swá swá wé eft héræfter secgaþ as we shall again hereafter say, Bd. 3, 30; S. 562, 5.
hér-búende; pl. People living in this world, Cd. 52; Th. 66, 4; Gen. 1079: Judth. 10; Thw. 22, 38; Jud. 96: Bt. Met. Fox 29, 124; Met. 9, 62.
hér-bufan; adv. Here above :-- Swá swá wé ǽr hérbiufan sǽdon on ðisse ilcan béc as we said before above in this same book; sicut in priori hujus voluminis parte jam diximus, Past. 50, 4; Swt. 393, 2.
hér-cyme, es; m. A coming here, coming to this world, advent :-- Þurh ðínne hércyme through thy advent, Exon. 11 b; Th. 16, 8; Cri. 250.
HERE; gen. heres, heriges, herges; m. An army, a host, multitude, a large predatory band [it is the word which in the Chronicle is always used of the Danish force in England, while the Egglish troops are always the fyrd], hence the word is used for devastation and robbery :-- Ne dohte hit nú lange inne né úte ac wæs here and hunger bryne and blódgyte it is now long since matters were thriving at home or abroad, but there has been ravaging and famine, burning and bloodshed, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 106, 68. Micel here turba multa, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 14, 14. Here legio, Lk. Skt. Lind. 8, 30: exercitus, 23, 11. Þeófas wé hátaþ óð vii men from vii. hlóþ óð xxxv siððan biþ here up to seven men we call thieves, from seven to thirty-five a gang, after that it is an army, L. In. 13; Th. i. 110, 14. [Cf. L. In. 15; Th. i. 112, 1, be herige; and L. Alf. 28; Th. i. 52, 2.] Hé gearo wǽre tó ðæs heres þearfe he would be ready to supply the needs of the Danes, Chr. 874; Erl. 76, 32: 878; Erl. 80, 3. Ðæs heriges hám eft ne com ǽnig tó láfe of that host came no remnant back home, Cd. 167; Th. 209, 30; Exod. 507: Elen. Kmbl. 410; El. 205. Herges, 285; El. 143. On Eást-Englum wurdon monige men ofslægene from ðam herige in East Anglia many men were slain by the Danes, Chr. 838; Erl. 66, 15: Andr. Kmbl. 2397; An. 1200. Herge, Cd. 4; Th. 4, 9; Gen. 51: Beo. Th. 2500; B. 1248. Se ðæm here waldeþ who rules that host, Bt. Met. Fox 25, 30; Met. 25, 15. Sió fierd ðone here gefliémde the English force put the Danish to flight, Chr. 894; Erl. 90, 26. Swá oft swá ða óðre hergas mid ealle herige út fóron ðonne fóron hie as often as the other armies marched out in full force then they marched, Erl. 90, 5. Tuelf hergas duodecim legiones, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 26, 53. Hergia[s] agmina, Rtl. 115, 10. Ðý læs ǽfre cweðan óðre þeóda hǽðene herigeas nequando dicant in gentibus, Ps. Th. 78, 10: Andr. Kmbl. 1304; An. 652. Herigea mǽste with the greatest of hosts, 3001; An. 1503. Herega, Cd. 209; Th. 259, 29; Dan. 699. Heriga, Elen. Kmbl. 295; El. 148. Herga, 230; El. 115. Betwuh ðǽm twám hergum between the two armies, Chr. 894; Erl. 90, 9: Elen. Kmbl. 219; El. 110. Herigum, 811; El. 406. [Laym. Orm. here: Goth. harjis. O. Sax. heri: O. Frs. hiri, here: Icel. herr: O. H. Ger. hari, heri exercitus, agmen: Ger. heer.] DER. æsc-, égor-, flot-, forþ-, gúþ-, inn-, ísern-, sin-, scip-, þeód-, út-, wæl-here.
hére, e; f. Dignity, majesty, greatness :-- Hwæt hiora hére búton se hlísa án what is their greatness but report alone, Bt. Met. Fox 10, 107; Met. 10, 54. The prose, Fox 70, l0, has 'Hwæt is heora nú tó láfe bútan se lytla hlísa and se nama mid feáum stafum áwriten signat superstes fama tenuis pauculis inane nomen litteris.' [O. H. Ger. hére: f. dignitas, majestas, magnitudo: cf. O. H. Ger. hér-tóm dignitas, auctoritas, principatus, Grff. iv. 994: O. Sax. hér-dóm.]
here-beácen, -beácn, es; n. A military ensign, standard; also a beacon, lighthouse :-- Herebeácn farus: upstandende herebeácn pira, Ælfc. Gl. 67; Som. 69, 93, 90; Wrt. Voc. 41, 45, 43. Herebeácen and segnas beforan mé lǽddon cum signis et vexillis, Nar. 7, 16. [O. H. Ger. heri-pouhan vexillum, signum.]
here-bleáþ; adj. Fearful in fight, timorous :-- Flugon forhtigende woldon herebleáþe hámas findan fearful they fled and shunning the battle would find their homes, Cd. 166; Th. 206, 17; Exod. 453.
here-bróga, an; m. The terror produced by an army or by war, Beo. Th. 928; B. 462.
here-býme, an; f. A war-trumpet, Cd. 147; Th. 183, 29; Exod. 99. [Cf. Icel. her-horn, her-luðr a trumpet: O. H. Ger. heri-, her-horn classicum, tuba.]
here-byrne, an; f. A war-corslet, Beo. Th. 2890; B. 1443. [Laym. here-burne.]
here-cirm, es; m. A war-shout, shout raised by a host, Exon. 45 b; Th. 156, 9; Gú. 872.
here-cumbol, -combol, es; m. A military signal :-- Wordum and bordum hófon herecombol with shouts and shields they raised the war-signal, Elen. Kmbl. 49; El. 25. Cf.[?] Tacitus, Germania c. 3: 'As their line shouts, they inspire or feel alarm. It is not so much an articulate sound, as a general cry of valour. They aim chiefly at a harsh note and a confused roar, putting their shields to their mouths, so that, by reverberation, it may swell into a fuller and deeper sound.' [Icel. her-kuml a war-token, arms on shields or helmets.]
here-cyst, -cist, e; f. A warlike troop, Cd. 151; Th. 188, 32; Exod. 177: 156; Th. 194, 7; Exod. 257: 158; Th. 197, 3; Exod. 301.
here-draca, an; A war-drake, an arrow :-- Herdracan, Hickes' Thes. p. 192. [Cf. hilde-nædre.]
here-feld,es; m. A field, battle-field, Elen. Kmbl. 537; El. 269: 251; El. 126: Andr. Kmbl. 19; An. 10: 35; An. 18.
here-feoh; gen. -feós; n. Booty :-- Eal ðæt herefeoh forléton prædam amiserunt, Ors. 3, 7; Swt. 118, 5.
here-féða, an; m. A martial band, Exon. 22 b; Th. 63, 1; Cri. 1013.
here-fléma, an; m. One who flees from battle, Chr. 937; Erl. 112, 23; Æðelst. 23.
here-folc, es; n. People forming an army, Judth. 11; Thw. 24, 40; Jud. 234. [O. Frs. hiri-folk: Icel. her-fólk men of war.]
here-fong, es; m. An osprey; ossifragus, Wrt. Voc. 280, 6.
Here-ford, es; m. Hereford :-- Ða men of Hereforda the men from Hereford, Chr. 918; Erl. 102, 31.
here-fugol, es; m. A bird which attends an army, eagle, vulture, raven, Cd. 150; Th. 188, 2; Exod. 161. v. earn, hrefn.
here-gang, es; m. An irruption, attack by an army :-- Tó wiðscúfanne swá réþum heregange ad repellendas tam feras inruptiones, Bd. 1, 14; S. 482, 37, MS. B. [Laym. hire-ʒeong: Gen. and Ex. heregong military expedition: O. Frs. hiri-, heri-gong an attack: cf. Icel. her-ganga; f. a march.]
heregeat-land, es; n. Heriot-land, Chart. Th. 546, 37.
here-geatu; gen. -geatwe; f. I. military equipment :-- Hí willaþ eów tó gafole gáras syllan ǽttrynne ord and ealde sword ða heregeatu ðe eów æt hilde ne deáh they will give you as tribute spears, the poisoned point and the swords they inherit, equipment for war that will not profit you in battle, Byrht. Th. 133, 10; By. 48. Heregeatewa, MS. A: heregeatowe, B. wægeþ it bears arms, Salm. Kmbl. 106; Sal. 52. Ða beóþ mid gyldenum hyltsweordum and mid manigfealdum heregeatwum gehyrste septos tristibus armis, Bt. 37, 1; Fox 186, 6: Bt. Met. Fox 25, 17; Met. 25, 9. II. as a technical term, heriot. The amount of the heriot for various ranks is given L. C. S. 72; Th. i. 414, 4-20; further mention is also made in L. C. S. 71; Th. i. 412, 26-414, 2: 74; Th. i. 416, 3-18: 79; Th. i. 420, 13-17. The word also occurs in the following passages in wills, Chart. Th. 499. 29: 512, 16: 540, 5; 550, 28: 573, 3. For the origin and nature of the heriot see Stubbs' Const. Hist. s.v. Kemble's Saxons in England, ii. 98. [Cf. Grmm. R. A. 372-3.]
heregend-líc. v. herigend-líc.
here-gild, es; n. A war-tax, the Danegild, tax to support an army :-- Hér wæs ðet heregeold gelǽst ðæt wǽron xxi þúsend punda and xcix punda in this year the Danegild was paid, it was twenty-one thousand and ninety-nine pounds, Chr. 1040; Erl. 167, 23. Swá fela sýðe swa menn gyldaþ heregyld oððe tó scipgylde quotiens populus universus persolvit censum Danis, vel ad naves seu ad arma, Chart. Th. 307, 23. Scotfré fram heregeld free from payment of the war-tax, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iv. 224, 20.
here-gríma, an; m. A helmet, Beo. Th. 797; B. 396: 4104; B. 2049: 5203; B. 2605.
here-hand, a; f. A hostile hand or power :-- Swá ðæt ne cyricum ne mynstrum seó herehand ne sparode ne árode ita ut ne ecclesiis quidem, aut monasteriis manus parceret hostilis, Bd. 4, 26; S. 602, 8.
here-hlóþ, e; f. A hostile troop, Exon. 48 a; Th. 166, 13; Gú. 1042.
here-hýþ, -húþe, e; f. Spoil, booty, plunder :-- Hér wæs mycel herehúþe [herehýþe, MS. C.] ðǽr genumen in this year much spoil was taken at Bamborough, Chr, 993; Erl. 133, 2. Hé his ðone feórþan dǽl and ðære herehýþe for Gode gesealde quartam partem ejus et prædæ Domino daret, Bd. 4, 16; S. 584, 10. Hiera heres ðone mǽstan dǽl hám sendon mid hiora herehýþe præcipuam exercitus sui partem onustam præda domum revocant, Ors. 1, 10; Swt. 46, 21. Mid ðære herehýþe [herehúþe, MS. E.], Chr. 885; Erl. 82, 30. Ða mycele herehúþe tó scipon brohton they brought the great booty to the ships, 1001; Erl. 137, 15. Ða herehýhþ ðe on helle genumen hæfde the spoil that he had taken in hell, Blickl. Homl. 89, 33. Genimon myccle herehýþ to take great spoil, 95. 2. Ymbe ða herehúþe hlemmeþ tógædre grimme góman on the prey he snaps together his fierce jaws, Exon. 97 b; Th. 363, 29; Wal. 61. Ðone here gefliémde and ða herehýþ áhreddon put the Danes to flight and rescued the spoils, Chr. 894; Erl. 90, 26. [O. H. Ger. heri-hunda, -hunta preda.]
here-láf, e; f. The remnant of an army or people, what is left of an army after a battle, what is left after a battle, spoil :-- Se Chaldéa cyning com tó his earde mid ðære húþe and ðære hereláfe on ðære wæs Daniel se wítega and ða þrí cnihtas the king of Chaldea came to his country with the spoil and the remnant of the people, among which was the prophet Daniel and the three children, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 68, 380, 392. Gúþrum se hǽðene king twelf dages hér on lande wunede and syððan gewende mid his hereláfe tó his ágenen earde Guthrum the heathen king stopped twelve days in this land and afterwards returned with what remained of his army to his own country, Shrn. 17, 8. Þurh gítsunge wearþ beswicen Sawl se cyning ðá ðá him leófran wǽron ða forbodenan hereláfa ðonne Godes willa through avarice was king Saul betrayed when he preferred the forbidden spoils of the host [of the Amalekites, v. 1 Sam. xv. 9] to the will of God, Basil. admn. 9; Norm. 54, 8. Costontinus ne Ánláf mid heora hereláfum hlehhan ne þorftun not Constantine nor Anlaf, with the remnants of their forces, had cause for laughing, Chr. 937; Erl. 114, 13; Æðelst. 47.
here-líc; adj. Warlike, military:-- Ða herelícan res militares, Cot. 47, Lye.
here-lof, es; n. Praise gained in war, fame, glory; also a trophy; rumor, fama. Hpt. Gl. 406, 511, 512: 447.
here-mæcg, es; m. A man of war, warrior, man [used of the men of Sodom when attacking Lot], Cd. 114; Th. 149, 31; Gen. 2483. [Cf. Icel. her-megir warriors.]
here-mægen, es; n. A warlike force, an army, a host, multitude, Exon. 116b; Th. 447, 10; Dóm. 37: Andr. Kmbl. 1172; An. 586: 1456; An. 728: 2597; An. 1300: 3299; An. 1652: Elen. Kmbl. 339; El. 170.
here-man, -mann, es; m. A soldier:-- Heremenn milites, Lk. Skt. Lind. 7, 8. [Icel. her-maðr.] v. Grmm. R. A. 292.
here-meðel, es; n. A warlike assembly; concio, Elen. Kmbl. 1096; El. 550.
here-nes, -nis, -ness, e; f. Praise:-- Herenes mín laudatio mea, Ps. Th. 103, 32: 110, 8: 117, 14. Herenis laus, Rtl. 30, 23: 174, 31. In herenesse Godes in laudem Dei, Bd. 4, 24; S. 597, 17: 599, 12; Ps. 55, 10. Hé geearnode ðæt hé ða hálgan hærenesse gehýrde laudes beatas meruit audire, Bd. 3, 19; S. 547, 35. v. here-word.
here-net, -nett, es; n. A war-net, coat of mail, corslet, Beo. Th. 3110; B. 1553.
here-níþ, es; m. Hostility, enmity which is felt by those at war with one another, Beo. Th. 4938; B. 2474.
here-nitig [?] expeditio, Cot. 73, Lye.
here-pád, e; f. A coat of mail, Beo. Th. 4508; B. 2258.
here-, her-paþ, es; m. A road for an army, military road, road large enough to march soldiers upon [occurs not unfrequently in charters]:-- Ondlong herpoþes. Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. ii. 172, 18. Up tó herpaþe and fram ðam herpaþe súþrihte, 205, 20. On ðone brádan herpaþ, iii. 23, 35. Wísde herepoþ tó ðære heán byrig shewed a road for his army to the lofty city, Cd. 174; Th. 218, 12; Dan. 38. Hí swyrdum herpaþ worhton þurh láðra gemong they with their swords wrought a road through the press of their foes, Judth. 12; Thw. 36, 1; Jud. 303. DER. þeód-herpaþ.
here-rǽswa, an; m. A chieftain, Elen. Kmbl. 1987; El. 995.
here-reáf, es: n. Spoil, plunder, booty:-- Herereáf spolia vel manubie vel prede, Ælfc. Gl. 52; Som. 66, 52; Wrt. Voc. 35, 38: manubiæ, spolia, Ælfc. Gr. 13; Som. 16, 16, 23. Achan behýdde of ðam herereáfe Achan concealed some of the spoil, Jos. 7, 1, 11. Ðú ús mycel herereáf gehéte thou didst promise us much spoil, Blickl. Homl. 85, 19. Hengest and Æsc gefuhton wið Walas and genámon unárímedlíco herereáf Hengest and Æsc fought with the Britons and took countless spoils. Chr. 473; Erl. 12, 26: 584; Erl. 18, 25. Hé tódǽlþ his herereáf spolia ejus distribuit, Lk. Skt. 11, 22. Ic geseah betwux ðam herereáfum sumne gildene dalc I saw among the spoils a wedge of gold, Jos. 7, 21.
here-rinc, es; m. A warrior, Bt. Met. Fox 1, 141; Met. 1, 71: [hereric, MS.] Beo. Th. 2356; B. 1176. [O. Sax. heri-rink.]
here-sceaft, es; m. A war-shaft, spear, Beo. Th. 675; B. 335.
here-sceorp, es; n. War-dress, Fins. Th. 90; Fin. 45.
here-serce, -syrce, an; f. A coat of mail. Beo. Th. 3027; B. 1511.
here-síþ, es; m. The journey of an army, a military expedition, march, Elen. Kmbl. 265; El. 133: Exon. 108a; Th. 411, 24; Rä. 30, 4: 84a; Th. 317, 3; Mód. 60.
here-spéd, e; f. Success in war, Beo. Th. 129; B. 64.
here-stræl, es; m. An arrow, Beo. Th. 2874; B. 1435.
here-strǽt, e; f. A military road, one allowing the passage of an army, highway, high road:-- Léton ðone hálgan be herestrǽte swefan on sibbe they left the saint sleeping in peace by the highway, Andr. Kmbl. 1662; An. 833. Ðanan on herestrǽt thence to the high road, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. ii. 265, 30. [Cf. óð ða wýdestrǽte, 32.] Wegas syndon drýge herestrǽta the ways [through the Red Sea] are dry, the roads for the host, Cd. 157; Th. 195, 29; Exod. 284. Ne mé herestrǽta ofer cald wæter cúþe sindon nor are the highways over the cold water known to me, Andr. Kmbl. 400; An. 200. Gegier ðæt ðíne willas iernan bí herestrǽtum in plateis aquas divide, Past. 48, 6; Swt. 373, 6. Æfter cyninga herestrǽtum along king's highways, 373, 18. Ic hí ádilgode swá swá wind déþ dust on herestrǽtum ut lutum platearum delebo eos, Ps. Th. 17, 40. Omnes herestrete omnino regis sunt, L. H. 10, 2; Th. i. 519, 11. [O. Frs. hiri-strete: O. H. Ger. heri-stráza via publica.] Cf. here-paþ, -weg.
here-swég, es; m. A martial sound, Exon. 124a; Th. 477, 12; Ruin. 23.
here-teám, es; m. I. plundering, spoiling, devastation, taking fart in a 'here,' i. e, a predatory band of more than thirty-five members [v. here]:-- Se ðe hereteáme betogen sý he who is accused of taking part in a 'here,' L. In. 15; Th. i. 112, 2, MS. H. Heardlíc hereteám fierce devastation, Andr. Kmbl. 3100; An. 1553. II. what is got by an army, plunder, booty, spoil:-- Ðæs hereteámes ealles teóþan sceat a tithe of all the spoil, Cd. 97; Th. 128, 4; Gen. 2121. Gewát hám síþian mid ðý hereteáme ðe him se hálga forgeaf departed home with the spoil that the holy man gave him, 98; Th. 130, 19; Gen. 2162.
here-téma, -týma, an; m. A leader of an army, of a people, a ruler, general:-- Se heretéma cyning selfa the leader, the king himself [Theodoric], Bt. Met. Fox 1. 63; Met. 1, 31. Se heretýma, caldéa cyning. Cd. 205; Th. 253, 30; Dan. 603. Ðá cwæþ hé hwæs sunu is hit ðá cwæþ se bisceop mínes heretéman then said he 'whose son is it f Then said the bishop 'my prince's' [?], Shrn. 130, 9. Hé wearþ tó heretéman he became general, Elen. Kmbl. 20; El. 10.
here-þreát, es; m. A troop, band of soldiers, Cd. 170; Th. 214, 24; Exod. 574: cohortes, Cot. 51, Lye.
here-þrym a cohort, Cot. 81, Lye.
here-toga, -toha, an; m. The leader of an army or of a people, a general; dux, consul:-- Heretoga vel heorl dux, Ælfc. Gl. 68; Som. 70, 2; Wrt. Voc. 42, 11. Heretoga comes, Rtl. 193, 9. Of ðé forþgǽþ se heretoga seðe recþ mín folc ex te exiet dux, qui reget populum meum, Mt. Kmbl. 2, 6. Consul ðæt wé heretoha hátaþ consul which we call 'heretoha,' Bt. 1; Fox 2, 12: 21; Fox 76, 4. Sum biþ heretoga fyrdwísa from one is a leader, a good guide of the host, Exon. 79b; Th. 297, 31; Crä. 76. Se heretoga Moyses the leader Moses, Homl. Th. i. 92, 25. Moises se mǽra heretoga Moses the great leader. Num. 13, 1: Jud. 1, 1: Swt. A. S. Rdr. 60, 107. Uton ús gesettan heretogan let us make a captain, Num. 14, 4. Heora heretogan twegen gebroðra Hengest and Horsa duces eorum duo fratres Hengest and Horsa, Bd. 1, 15; S. 483, 28. Heora heretogena sum ofslægen wearþ one of their leaders was slain, Chr. 794; Erl. 59, 21. Twelf heretogan hé gestrínþ twelve princes shall he beget, Gen. 17, 20. De heretochiis, L. Ed. C; Th. i. 456, note a. [Laym, here-toʒe: O. Sax. heri-togo: Icel. her-togi: O. H. Ger. heri-zoho, -zogo dux, imperator: Ger. herzog.] v. Stubbs' Const. Hist. s. v.
here-togen [?]; pp. Captive:-- Seó hereláf wunode ðæs heretogan [heretogenan?] folces on Chaldéiscum earde the remnant of the captive people dwelt in the land of Chaldea, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 69, 393. [Cf. Icel. her-numinn, -tekinn captive.]
here-wǽd, e; f. War-weed, armour, Beo. Th. 3798; B. 1897. [Icel. her-váðir armour.] v. Grmm. R. A. 566-7.
here-wǽpen, es; n. A weapon of war, Ps. Ben. 34, 3; Ps. Grn. ii. 149, 3.
here-wæsmun:-- Nó ic méan herewæsmun hnágran talige gúþgeweorca ðonne Grendel hine, Beo. Th. 1358; B. 677. Thorpe reads wæstmum [see the use of wæstm in the plural] and translates 'in martial vigour.' Grein translates by vis bellica and refers the word to a nominative wǽsma, comparing O. H. Ger. wahsamo, wasmo, wasma vigor, fructus, fertilitas, Grff. i. 689. Leo and Heyne connect with a root meaning rage, fury, v. Leo. 494. Taking either of the first the passage might be translated 'I do not account myself worse in the warlike fruits of martial deeds than Grendel himself;' or an herewæsmum and gúþgeweorca might be taken as both dependent upon hnágran.
here-wǽða, an; m. A war-hunter, a hunter whose game is the enemy, Judth. 11; Thw. 23, 17; Jud. 126: Thw. 24, 5; Jud. 173. v. Grmm. Geschicht. D. S. 12 sqq.
here-weg, es; m. A highway, high road:-- Ealles hereweg publica via, Ælfc. Gl. 57; Som. 67. 52; Wrt. Voc. 37, 39. [O. Frs. heer-wei: cf. Icel. her-vegir war-paths.] v. here-paþ, -strǽt.
here-weorc, es; n. A warlike deed or work, Elen. Kmbl. 1308; El. 656.
herewian; p. ode To despise:-- Tó swíðe we herewiaþ ús selfe we despise ourselves too much, Bt. 13; Fox 40, 12. Leófsunu herewade ðæs arcebiscopes gewitnesse Leofsunu incepit vituperare archiepiscopum et testimonium ejus irritum facere, Chart. Th. 273, 2. v. herwan.
here-wíc, es; n. An encampment, camp, dwelling:-- Míne welan ðe ic hæfde syndon ealle gewitene and míne herewíc syndon gebrosnode my riches that I had are all departed and my dwellings are decayed, Blickl. Homl. 113, 26. Him mon sægde ðæt ðǽr mon cymen wæs of Alexandres herewícum he was told that a man was come from Alexander's camp, Nar. 18, 9: Cd. 95; Th. 123, 26; Gen. 2051.
here-wísa, an; m. The director, guide of an army, a leader, general, Cd. 160; Th. 198, 15; Exod. 323.
here-wóp, es; m. The shout raised ly an army, Cd. 166; Th. 207, 2; Exod. 460. [Icel. her-óp war-whoop, war-cry.]
here-word, es; n. Praise, applause:-- Ða wolde Brihtrĭc geearnian him hereword tunc cogitavit Brihtricus adquirere sibi laudem. Chr. 1009; Erl 142, note 8. [Laym. hære-, here-word: A. R. 'a windes puf of worldes hereword, of mannes heriunge.' 148, 3.] v. here-nes, herian to praise.
here-wósa, an; m. One who is fierce in fight, a warrior [?]:-- Here- wósan hige a warrior's soul. Cd. 206; Th. 255, 24; Dan. 629. Siððan herewósan heofon ofgǽfon since those who fiercely fought gave up heaven, 5; Th. 6, 7; Gen. 85. [Cf. ealo-wósa, wudu-wása.]
here-wulf, es; m. A war-wolf, warrior, Cd. 94; Th. 121, 25; Gen. 2015.
hergaþ, hergoþ, es; m. Harrying, plundering, making war:-- Hé wæs ðá útáfaren on hergaþ he was then gone out a harrying, Chr. 894; Erl. 91, 20: 911; Erl. 100, 25: 918; Erl. 102, 30. Faran on hergoþ to wage war. Thw. 162, 37.
hergere, es; m. One who praises; laudator, Rtl. 124, 17.
hergian; p. ode; pp. od To harry, pillage, plunder, ravage, waste, devastate, make an incursion or a raid, make war:-- Ða Cwénas hergiaþ hwílum on ða Norþmen ofer ðone mór hwílum ða Norþmen on hý sometimes the Fins made incursions across the mountains on the Norwegians, sometimes the Norwegians on them, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 19, 3. Se here hergade on Peohtas the Danes made raids upon the Picts, Chr. 875; Erl. 78, i. Fór Willelm cyng into France mid fyrde and hergode uppan his agenne hláforde Philippe king William marched with an army into France and made war upon his own lord Philip, 1086; Erl. 220, 25: Homl. Th. ii. 58, 5. Wera hof hergode laid waste the dwellings of men, Cd. 69; Th. 83, 15; Gen. 1380. Ða hǽðenan on Norþhymbrum hergodon the heathens ravaged in Northumbria, Chr. 794; Erl. 59, 20. Hie hergodon ofer Mercna land óþ hie cómon tó Creccageláde they carried on their ravages across Mercia until they came to Cricklade, 905; Erl. 98, 14. Mycel sciphere hider com and hergedon. swíðe be Sefærn a great fleet came to this country and committed great depredations along the Severn, 910; Erl. 101, 7. Gif ǽnig sciphere on Engla lande hergie if any fleet commit ravages in England, L. Eth. ii. 1; Th. i. 284, 15, 18. Sǽdon ðæt hí woldan him sylfe niman and hergian ðǽr hí hit findan mihton protestantur se cuncta insulæ loca vastaturos, Bd. 1, 15; S. 483, 38. Hí sceoldan ealle ætgædere faran and hergian they should go all together and harry. Chr. 1014; Erl. 151, 3. Hé wæs heriende and feohtende fíftig wintra arma foras extulit, cruentamque vilam quinquaginta annis bellis egit, Ors. 1, 2; Swt. 28, 28. [Laym. hærʒien: Chauc. haried, harwed: Icel. herja to harry; herjask á to wage war on one another: O. H. Ger. harion, herion populare, vastare: cf. Ger. verheeren.] DER. ge-, ofer-, on-hergian.
hergung, heregung, e; f. Harrying, harrowing, plundering, devastation, waging war, an irruption, incursion, invasion, a raid, plunder:-- Seó hergung wæs þurh Alaricum Gotena cyning geworden inruptio quæ per Alaricum regem Gothorum facta est, Bd. 1, 11; 8. 480, 11. Héðenra manna hergung ádiligode Godes cyrican in Lindisfarena ee þurh reáflác and mansleht the harrying of heathen men destroyed God's church at Lindisfarne by plundering and slaughter, Chr. 793; Erl. 59, 11. Ðæt mǽste yfel ðe ǽfre ǽnig here dón mihte on bærnette and hergunge and on manslihtum the greatest evil that any army could do in the way of burning and plundering and manslayings, 994; Erl. 133, 18. On ánre heregunge in a single invasion, Jos. 10, 40. Be his ǽriste and be his hergunga on helle concerning his resurrection and his harrowing of hell. Blickl. Homl. 83, 29. Hell oncneów Crist ðá ðá heó fórlét hyre hæftlingas fút þurh ðæs Hǽlendes hergunge Hell acknowledged Christ when it let out its captives through the harrowing of Jesus, Homl. Th. i. 228, 17. Hí hergodon and brohton tó ðam castele ða hergunge they plundered and brought the plunder to the castle. Chr. 1087; Erl. 224, 19. Ðá forlét hé his hergunga then he left off his harryings, 1016; Erl. 154, 10.
herian, hærian, hergan; p. ode, ede; imper. hera and here; pp. ed To praise:-- Ðé ic hérige swá swá wisne man te laudo ut sapientem, Ælfc. Gr. 15; Som. 17, 64: Ps. Th. 55, 4, 9. Ic herge, Exon. 41b; Th. 138, 28; Gú. 583. Ðæt ðæt mon hereþ hoc ipsum quod laudatur, Past. 48, 5; Swt. 373, 2. Leofaþ sáwl min and ðé hereþ vivet anima mea et laudabit te, Ps. Th. 118, 175. Heraþ, 101, 16. Weleras ðé míne heriaþ labia mea laudabunt te, 62, 3. Wé ðé hæriaþ we praise thee, Hy. 7, 116; Hy. Grn. ii. 289, 116. Herigaþ, Cd. 214; Th. 267, 33; Swt. 47. Ic nát for hwý gé ða tída swelcra bróca swá wel hergeaþ I know not why ye praise so highly the times of such miseries. Ors. 3, 7; Swt. 120, 4: Blickl. Homl. 89, 31. Hergaþ, Cd. 192; Th. 239, 24; Dan. 375. Heó Drihten herede she praised the Lord, Blickl. Homl. 13, 4: Lk. Skt. 16, 8. Ðæs cininges ealdormenn heredon hig beforan him the princes of Pharaoh commended her before Pharaoh, Gen. 12, 15. Hit is áwriten ne hera ðú nǽnne man on his lífe it is written 'Praise no man during his life,' Homl. Th. ii. 560, 13. Ðá silfne ne hera do not praise thyself, Salm. Kmbl. 262, 21. Here ðú, Sion, swylce ðínne sóþne God lauda Deum tuum, Sion, Ps. Th. 147, 1. Mín hearpe herige Drihten let my harp praise the Lord, 56, 10. Herge, Beo. Th. 6333; B. 3177. Ðeáh hira hiéremenn hie mid ryhte heregen though their subjects with justice praise them, Past. 19; Swt. 145, 22. Herian, Ps. Th. 65, 1. Hergen, Exon. 54b; Th. 191, 27: Az. 94. Hie heofona helm herian ne cúðon they did not know how to praise the heaven's protector, Beo. Th. 367; B. 182. Hergan, Exon. 8b; Th. 4, 8; Cri. 49. Herigean, Bd. 4, 24; S. 597, 20. Heó is us tó herianne she is to be praised by us. Blickl. Homl. 11, 11. Tó herigenne, 63, 21. Tó hergenne, 223, 27. Se hálga wer hergende wæs metodes miltse the holy man was praising the Lord's mercy, Cd. 190; Th. 237, 8; Dan. 334. Heri-gende. Andr. Kmbl. 1314; An. 657. Ðú byst hered perfecisti laudem, Ps. Th. 8, 2; Blickl. Homl. 67, 4. [Laym, herien, hærien: A. R. herede; p: Chauc. Wick. herie: Spens. herry, hery: Goth. hazjan to praise.]
herian [-- herewian; cf. gearwian, gerian] to despise:-- Agar ongan ágendfreán herian Hagar despised her mistress [cf. Gen. 16, 4 ' her mistress was despised in her eyes'], Cd. 102; Th. 135, 5; Gen. 2238.
herigend-, hergend-líc; adj. Praiseworthy, laudable:-- Ne biþ nán anginn herigendlíc bútan gódre geendnnge no beginning is praiseworthy without a good ending, Homl. Th. i. 56, 26; 212, 29. Hergendlíc in worlda world laudabile in secula seculorum, Blickl. Homl. 139, 11. Hergiendlíc laudabilis, Rtl. 181, 27. Ða giftu beóþ herigendlíce that marriage is praiseworthy, Homl. Th. ii. 54, 10.
herigend-, hergend-líce; adv. Praiseworthily:-- Hé sylf herigendlíce leofode he himself lived praiseworthily, Homl. Th. ii. 118, 14. Hergiendlíce laudabiliter, Rtl. 105, 3. Hergeondlíce, Past. 7; Swt. 49, 193.
hér-inne; adv. Herein, Homl. Th. ii. 312, 4.
hér-, hǽr-líc; adj. Noble, excellent:-- Næs ðæt hérlic dǽd that was no noble deed, Bt. Met. Fox 9, 36; Met. 9, 18. Hǽrlíc, 1, 86; Met. 1, 43. [O. H. Ger. hér-líh insignis.] v. hér; adj.
hér-nis, herstan, hérsum. v. hýr-nis, hyrstan, hýrsum.
hér-ongemong; adv. Here-among, amongst the rest, meanwhile. -- Gif wé Æfneres dǽda sume hérongemong secgaþ si Abner factum ad medium deducamus, Past. 40, 5; Swt. 295, 13. Gif wé Salamones cuida sumne hérongemong eówiaþ si Salamonis ad medium verba proferantur, 49, 5: Swt. 385. 33.
herþan; pl. Testiculi, Wrt. Voc. 65, 31. Wið hærþena sáre, L. Med. ex. Quadr. 8, 2; Lchdm. i. 358, 4: Lchdm. 111. 116, 15; L. Alf. pol. 65; Th. i. 96, 25.
herþ-belig, -bylig, es; m. Viscus, scrotum:-- Herþbelig, herþbylig viscus. Wrt. Voc. 283, 35: 65, 13. Wið herþbylges sáre, L. Med. ex. Quadr. 5, 10; Lchdm. i. 350, 6.
herung, hering, e; f. Praising, praise:-- Herung laudatio, Ps. Spl. 110, 11. For manna herunge for the praise of men, Homl. Th. i. 60, 33: 38, 10: 180, 20. On ðære heringe ðæs eádgan weres in praise of the blessed man, Past. 56, 7; Swt. 435, 18: Bt. 27, 3; Fox 100, 4: 30, l; Fox 108, 22.
HETE, es; m, HATE, hatred, enmity, malignity, malice, spite:-- Hete nequitia, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 22, 18. Ús hól and hete derede swíðe þearle slander and hate have injured us very sorely. Swt. A. S. Rdr. 106, 70. Wæs his hete grim fierce was its hate. Exon. 109 a; Th. 416, 1; Rä. 34, 5: Beo. Th. 5101; B. 2554: 286; 6. 142. Hé forseah and on hete hæfde odio habebat et despiciebat, Bd. 3, 21; S. 551; 25. Se wæs on hete heofoncyninges he was hateful to the king of heaven, Cd. 30; Th. 40, 31; Gen. 648. Ða Iudéiscan bóceras mid hete ðæt tǽldon the Jewish scribes blamed that with malice. Homl. Th. i. 338, 20. Ðú scealt hine álýsan of láþra hete thou shalt release him from the hate of foes, Andr. Kmbl. 1888; An. 946. Ðone mǽstan hete hé sent on eów he shall pour upon you his fiercest hate, Deut. 28, 59. Hete malitiam, Ps. Stev. 35, 5. Ic flýma wæs ðæt ic mé his hete berh and wearnode qui vagabundus, hostium vitabam insidias, Bd. 2, 12; S. 513, 28. Ða tó Sione hete hæfdon qui oderunt Sion, Ps. Th. 128, 3. Hete hæfde hé æt his hearran gewunnen he had gained hate from his lord, Cd. 16; Th. 19, 34; Gen. 301: 37; Th. 47, 29; Gen. 768: 103; Th. 137, 13; Gen. 2273. Mid fulryhte hete ic hie hatode perfecto odio oderam illos, Past. 46, 5; Swt. 353, 6. Mid inlíce hete domestico odio, Bd. 5, 23; S. 646, 38. Hetas malitias, Ps. Stev. 93, 23. [Laym. hete: Orm. hĕte: Prompt. Parv. hate: Goth. hatis: O. Sax. heti: Icel. hatr: O. H. Ger. haz odium: Ger. hass.] DER. bil-, cumbol-, ecg-, leód-, mód-, morþor-, níþ-, scyld-, teón-, wǽpen-, wíg-hete.
hete-grim; adj. Of malignant cruelty or fierceness, Andr. Kmbl. 2789; An. 1397: 3122; An. 1564. [O. Sax. heti-grim.]
hete-líc; adj. Inspired by hate, hostile, malicious, evil:-- Heorowearh hetelíc a wolf hostile and malignant, Beo. Th. 2538; B. 1267. Mid hetelícum geþance with evil intent, H. R. 99. 4. Atregeas and Thiges-þres hú hí heora fæderas ofslógan and ymb hiora hetelícan forlignessa ic hit eall forlǽte Atrei et Thyestis odia, stupra et parricidia dissimulo, Ors. 1, 8; Swt. 42, 20. [O. Sax. heti-lík: O. H. Ger. haz-líh invidus; Ger. hässlich ugly, wicked.]
hete-líce; adv. Fiercely, violently, vehemently:-- Hetelíce mordicus, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Som. 42, 5. Hine hetelíce swung [cf. Bd. 2, 6; S. 508, 13 mid grimmum swingum swong] scourged him vehemently, Chr. 616; Erl. 23, 3. Ús Godes yrre hetelíce on sitt, God's anger presses on us fiercely. Swt. A. S. Rdr. 108, 109. Hit sáh hetelíce swíðe it sank with great violence, Homl. Th. ii. 508, 34. Hé hine hetelíce þídde he stabbed him violently, Jud. 3, 21: Homl. Th. i. 452, 14: H. R 107, 7. Hig hetelíce slóh and nán þing ne beiǽfde lybbende on him smote them fiercely and left no thing living among them, Jos. 11, 8. Á hetelíce stýre ðam ðe þwyres willan ever to punish those severely that desire perverseness, L. I. P. 2; Th. ii. 304, 17.
hete-níþ, es; m. Enmity, hostility, malice, wickedness:-- Hí sprǽcon heteníþ locutíi sunt nequitiam, Ps. Spl. T. 72, 8. Geheald ðú mé wið heteníþas and wið firenfulles folman custodi me de manu peccatoris. Ps. Th. 139, 4: Exon. 94a; Th. 352, 22; Sch. 101. Grendel heteníþas wæg Grendel bore enmity, Beo. Th. 307; B. 152.
hete-róf; adj. Active in hate or hostility, hostile, Andr. Kmbl. 2839; An 1422
hete-rún, e; f. A charm causing hate or evil. Exon. 109a; Th. 416, 6; Rä. 34, 7.
hete-sprǽc, e; f. Hostile or malicious speech. Cd. 14; Th. 17, 22; Gen. 263.
hete-sweng, es; m. A hostile blow, Beo. Th. 4453; B. 2225.
hete-þanc, es; m. A hostile thought, Beo. Th. 955; B. 475: Exon. 70a; Th. 261, 14; Jul. 315.
hete-þancol; adj. Having hostile or evil designs, Judth. 10; Thw. 23, 4; Jud. 105.
hetlen; adj. Bearing hate, hostile, malignant. Exon. 13a; Th. 23. 5; Cri. 364.
hetol, hetel; adj. Full of hate, hostile, malignant, evil:-- Se heáhengel ðe nu is hetol deófol the archangel that now is a devil full of malice, Boutr. Scrd. 17, 22. Maxentius ða burh geheóld mid hetelum geþance Maxentius held the town with hostile intent, Homl. Th. ii. 304, 21. Hí habbaþ nú ðone hetolan deófol him tó hláforde they have now the malignant devil as their lord, 254 1: Swt. A. S. Rdr. 66, 327. Her sind on earde cyrichatan hetole here in the land are foes of the church full of malice, 109, 154. [A. R. hetel: O. H. Ger. hazzal maliliosus.]
hettan; cf. hatian, and see next word.
hettend, hetend, es; m An enemy: -- Hettend lǽddon út mid ǽhtum abrahames mæg the enemy led forth Abraham's kinsman with his possessions. Cd. 94; Th. 121, 17; Gen. 2011: 154; Th. 191, 4; Exod. 209: Chr. 937; Erl. 12, 10; Æðelst. 10: Andr. Kmbl. 61; An. 31. Hetend, Elen. Kmbl. 237; El. 119. Hettende, Exon. 62a; Th 228, 21; Ph. 441. Hetende, Beo. Th. 3660; B. 1828. Hettendra, Cd. 97; Th. 127, 13: Gen. 2110: Exon. 75b; Th. 282, 14; Jul. 663. Hettendum, Beo. Th. 6000; B. 3004. Hetendum, Elen. Kmbl. 35; El. 18. [O. Sax. hettend, hetteand, hetand.] DER. eald-hettend.
híce-máse, an; f. The blue titmouse:-- Hicemáse vel wrenna parrax, Æifc. Gl. 38; Som. 63, 38: Wrt. Voc. 29, 56. [Cornish dialect, hick-mal, hekky-mal the blue titmouse.] Cf. col-máse.
hid, e; f. A hide of land. The form higed, which occurs Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. ii. 5, 25, seems to shew that the word is connected with híwan, higan, and this etymology is supported by the use familia and hid in the Latin and English versions respectively of Bede's Ecclesiastical History. The original meaning of the word would thus be 'as much land as will support one family.' v. Bd. 1. 25; S. 486,, 19: 2, 9; S. 87, 32 [Latin]: 3, 4; S. 106, 33 [Latin]: 4, 16; S. 584, 14. Further, in the charters, . híwisc [q. v.] is used as equivalent to híd. The Latin words used as equivalent are mansus, mansa, mansio, manens, cassatus, terra tributarii, familia, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. xxx. See for further discussion of the word Kemble's Saxons in England, i. 4: Stubbs' Const. Hist. s. Schmid. A. S. Gesetze, p. 610.
hider; adv. Hither:-- Hider huc, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Som. 39, 65. Hideror citerius, Som. 41, 3. Sittaþ hér óþ ðæt ic gá hider geond sedete hic donec vadam illuc, Mt. Kmbl. 26, 36. Hider and geond huc illucque, Bd. 5, 12; S. 629, 3. Hider and ðider hac illucque. Past. 9; Swt. 59, 5. Ne mæg hió hider ne ðider sígan ðé swíðor ðe hió symle dyde it cannot decline to one side or the other more than it ever did, Bt. Met. Fox 20, 328; Met. 20, 164. Sume hyder sume ðyder some on one side, some on the other, Elen. Kmbl. 1093; El. 548. [Chauc. Piers P. hider: Wick. hidir: Goth. nidre: Icel. héðra.] v. hidres.
hider-cyme, es; m. A coming hither, to this world, advent; -- Ðín hidercyme thy advent, Exon. 13 a; Th. 23, 12; Cri. 367. Fram Cristes hidercyme ab incarnatione Domini, Bd. 1, 3; S. 475, 16: 1. 4; S. 475, 26. On his hidercyme in his coming hither [to Hell], Blickl. Homl. 87, 2, 11. Hidercyme ðínne on wráþra geweald thy coming hither into the power of enemies, Andr. Kmbl. 2634; An. 1318: Exon. 10a; Th. 9, 29; Cri. 142: 62 a; Th. 227, 10; Ph. 421: 16a; Th. 37, 2; Cri. 587.
hider-weard; adj. Hitherward, in this direction: -- Hie ǽr fætte wǽron and beóþ hiderwearde they were before fat and are still disposed this way, L. M. 2, 36; Lchdm. ii. 242, 5.
hider-weard; adv. Hitherward:-- On ðisum geáré menn sǽdon ðæt Cnut cyng fundade hiderward in this year men said that king Cnut was making for this country, Chr. 1085; Erl. 217, 40. [Laym. hider-ward, -wardes: Piers P. hiderward.]
híd-gild, es; n. A land tax, tax paid on every hide:-- Ðis mycel UNCERTAIN gegolden of ðære cyricean W. cyninge syððan hé ðis land áhte wíðútan ðam hídgelde ðe nán man wiðútan Gode ánum átellan ne mæg this much has been paid from the church [of Worcester] to king William since he owned this country, besides the hide-tax, which no one but God alone can reckon, Chart. Th. 439, 22. [Cf. Chr. 1083; Erl. 217, 33-5, Se cyng lét beódan mycel gyld and hefelíc ofer eall Engla land ðæt wæs ðæt ǽlcere hýde twá and hundseofenti peanega.]
híd-mǽlum; adv. By hides: -- Ðæt líþ hídmǽlum and æcermǽlum it lies by hides and by acres. Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. vi. 98, 4.
hidres; adv. In the phrase hidres ðidres hither and thither. -- Ic ondrǽde ðæt ic ðé lǽde hidres ðidres on ða paþas of ðínum wege ðæt ðú ne mǽge eft dínne weg áredian verendum est, ne deviis fatigatus, ad emetiendum rectum iter sufficere non possis, Bt. 40, 5; Fox 240, 21: Past. 22: Swt. 168, 13.
hiéwe-stán, es; m. A ewn stone:-- Ǽlcne biéwestan tobeátan. UNCERTAIN beat to pieces every hewn stone, Ors. 4, 13; Bos. 100. 10.
hí-gedryht, e; A band of household retainers, Exon. 94 b; Th. 353, 32; Reim. 21.
higera, higora, an; m: higere an; f A magpie or a woodpecker; see Exon. 106b; Th. 406, 14; Rä. 25 where the name of a bird that can imitate various sounds is given by the runes G, A, R, O, H, I. Higera picus. Wit. Voc. 62, 34. Higere picus, 281, 5: gaia vel catanus, Ælfc. Gl. 37; Som. 63, 14; Wrt. Voc. 29, 37: cicuanus, Cot. 34, Lye. [O. H. Ger. hehara, hehera picas, attacus, orin.] v. Grein, ii. 72.
higian; p. ode To hie, hasten, strive:-- Ðonne hé higaþ tó ðǽm godcundum þingum ánum cum ad sola, quæ interiora sunt, nititur, Past. 14, 3, Swt. 83, 14. Se ðonne se ðe suá higaþ tó andweardnesse his scippendes qui igitur sic ad auctoris speciem anhelat, 14, 6; Swt. 87, 10. Se ðe æfter ðæm higaþ ðaet hé eádig síe on ðisse woralde qui festinat ditari, Past. 44, 9; Swt. 331, 14. Higaþ ealle mægne ðæt hé wolde . . . strives with all his might to . . ., Bt. 30, 1; Fox 110, 4: Bt. Met. Fox 13, 130; Met. 13, 65. Gehiéren ða reáferas ða ðe higiaþ wið ðæs ðæt hie willaþ óðre men bereánan hwæt be him gecweden is cum aliena rapere intendunt, audiant, quad scriptum est, Past. 44, 8; Swt. 329, 16. Ðætte suá hwelc suá inweard higige tó gangenne on ða duru ðæs écean lífes ut, quisquis intrare æternitatis januam nititur, 16, 5; Swt. 105, 14: Bt. 22, 2; Fox 78, 18: 37, 2; Fox 118, 16. Ða ðe hé gesyhþ tó Gode higian those that he sees striving towards God, Blickl. Homl. 29, 22. Hé sceal simle higian ðæt hé weorþe geedniwad he must ever strive to be renewed. Past. 22, 1; Swt. 169, 10. [Orm. hiʒhenn: Laym. hiʒeden, p. pl: A. R. hien: Piers P. hyed, hiʒed, p: Wick. hiʒed, pp.]
higre [cf. higera] or hígre [cf. híwan] verna, Cot. 23, Lye: Gl. Epin. 663.
hiht, hihtan. v. hyht. hyhtan.
hild, e; f. [a poetical word] War, battle; pugna, prælium:-- In the Scandinavian mythology Hildr is the name of one of the Valkyrias, and Grimm considers that the word occurs, denoting a person, in the Anglo-Saxon poetry, e. g. gif mec hild nime. Beo. Th. 909; B. 452: 2967; B. 1481. v. Grmm. D. M. 392 sqq. Hild sweðrode war ceased, Beo. Th. 1807; B. 901: 3180; B. 1585: 3698; B. 1847: Andr. Kmbl. 2840; An. 1422: Elen. Kmbl. 36; El. 18: 298; El. 149. Hyne Hetware hilde gehnǽgdon him the Hetwaras conquered in battle, Beo. Th. 5825; B. 2916: 4159; B. 2076: 4586; B. 2298: Exon. 100a; Th. 378, 10; Deór. 14: Menol. Fox 493; Gn. C. 17: Apstls. Kmbl. 41; Ap. 21: Cd. 150; Th. 188, 3; Exod. 162. Nǽfre hit æt hilde ne swác manna ǽngum never had it failed in fight any man, Beo. Th. 2925; B 1460: 3322; 6. 1659: 5143; B. 2575: 5361; B. 2684: Cd. 98; Th. 129, 25; Gen. 2149: Byrht. Th. 133, 24; By. 55: 135, 24; By. 123: 138, 20; By. 223: 140, 14; By. 324: 131, 15; By. 8: Wald. 6; Vald. 1. 4: Andr. Kmbl. 823; An. 412: Salm. Kmbl. 320; Sal. 159: Fins. Th. 75; Fin. 37: Wald. 55; Vald. 1, 30: Exon. 79a; Th. 297, 5; Crä. 63: 104a; Th. 395, 7; Rä. 15, 4: 120a; Th. 461, 17; Hö. 37: Cd. 95; Th. 124, 11; Gen. 2061: 155; Th. 193, 5; Exod. 241: Elen. Kmbl. 63; El. 32: 97; El. 49: 103; El, 52: 129; El. 65. Ongenþeów hæfde Higeláces hilde gefrunen Ongentheow had heard of Higelac's fighting, Beo. Th. 5897; B. 2952: 1299; B. 647: 3984; 3. 1990: Wald. 87; Vald. 2, 15: Exon. 16 a; Th. 35, 31; Cri. 566: Cd. 151; Th. 189, 3; Exod. 181: 167; Th. 209, 25; Exod. 504: Judth. 12; Thw. 25, 9; Jud. 251. Heardre hilde with hard fighting, Elen. Kmbl. 165; El. 83: Judth. 12; Thw. 25, 36; Jud. 294. Fela ic gebád heardra hilda many hard battles have I experienced, Fins. Th. 52; Fin. 26: Andr. Kmbl. 2980; An. 1493. [O. Sax. hild: Icel. hildr: O. H. Ger. hilt. v. Grff. iv. 912.]
hild-bedd, es; n. Deathbed, Andr. Kmbl. 2186; An. 1094.
hilde-bil, -bill, es; n. Battle-blade, sword, Beo. Th. 3337; B. 1666: 1118; B. 557: 3044; B. 1520: 5351; B. 2679.
hilde-bord, es; n. A war-shield, Beo. Th. 799; B. 397: 6270; B. 3139.
hilde-calla, an; m. A war-herald, Cd. 156; Th. 193, 26; Exod. 252.
hilde-corðor, es; n. A warlike troop, Apstls. Kmbl. 82; Ap. 41.
hilde-cyst, e; f. Excellence in war, valour: -- Hildecystum valorously, Beo. Th. 5189; B. 2598.
hilde-deóful, es; n. A devil, demon:-- Sindon ealle hǽðene godu hildedeóful omnes dei gentium dæmonia, Ps. Th. 95, 5.
hilde-deór; adj. Stoat in war, brave, Beo. Th. 629; B. 312: 1672; B. 834: 4220; B. 2107: 4372; B. 2183. Hæle hildedeór a warrior brave, 3296; B. 1646: 3636; B. 1816: 6213; B. 3111: Andr. Kmbl. 2003; An. 1004: Elen. Kmbl. 1868; El. 936. Hildedeóre brave men, Beo. Th. 6320; B. 3170. [Thorpe and Kemble take deór to be a noun.]
hilde-frófor, e; f. War-help, a weapon, sword [?], shield [?]:-- Hæfde him on handa hildefrófre [MS. frore] had in his hand help for battle, Vald. 2, 12.
hilde-gæst, -giest, es; m. An enemy. Exon. 113b; Th. 436, 5; Rä. 54, 9.
hilde-geatwe 5 pl. f. War equipments, Beo. Th. 1353; B. 674: 4713; B. 2362.
hild-egesa, an; m. Terror of battle, Elen. Kmbl. 226; El. 113.
hilde-gicel, es; m. A drop of blood. Beo. Th. 3217; B. 1606.
hilde-grǽdig; adj. Eager for battle, Cd. 150; Th. 188, 3; Exod. 162.
hilde-gráp, e; f. Hostile grasp, Beo. Th. 2896; B. 1446: 5007; B. 2507. In the latter passage Thorpe and Kemble take gráp to be a verb.
hilde-hlem, -hlæm, mes; m. Crash of battle, Beo. Th. 4691; B. 2351: 5081; B. 2544: 4408; B. 2201.
hilde-leóma, an; m. A hostile, warlike ray, Beo. Th. 2291; B. 1143 [a sword]: 5159; B. 2583.
hilde-leoþ; es; n. battle-song, war-song, Judth. 11; Thw. 24, 28; Jud. 211.
hilde-mæcg, es; m. A warrior, Beo. Th. 1603; B. 799.
hilde-méce, es; m. A war-falchion, Beo. Th. 4411; B. 2202.
hilde-nædre, an; f. A war-adder, an arrow, dart, warlike missile, Elen. Kmbl. 238; El. 119: 281; 61. 141: Judth. 11; Thw. 24, 34; Jud. 222.
hilde-píl, es; m. A dart, bolt, javelin, Exon. 105 a; Th. 399, 5; Rä. 18, 6: 104 b; Th. 397, 33; Rä. 16, 28.
hilde-rǽs, es; m. A warlike onset, Beo. Th. 605; B. 300.
hilde-rand, es; m. A shield. Beo. Th. 2489; B. 1242.
hilde-rinc, es; m. A warrior, Beo. Th. 2618; B. 1307: 2994; B. 1495: 3156; B. 1576: 6239; B. 3124: Byrht. Th. 136, 50; By. 169: Chr. 937; Erl. 114, 5; Æðelst. 39: Elen. Kmbl. 525; El. 263: Rood Kmbl. 112 Kr. 61: 143; Kr. 72.
hilde-sæd; adj. Wearied with battle, Beo. Th. 5439; B. 2723.
hilde-sceorp, es; n. War-clothing, Beo. Th. 4316; B. 2155.
hilde-scúr, es; m. War-shower, flight of missiles, Exon. 49 b; Th. 170, 24; Gú. 1116.
hilde-serce, an; f. A war-shirt, corslet, Elen. Kmbl. 468; El. 234.
hilde-setl, es; m. A war-seat, saddle of a war-horse, Beo. Th. 2082; B. 1039.
hilde-spell, es; n. A warlike speech, Cd. 170; Th. 214, 22; Exod. 573-
hilde-strengo; f Warlike strength, Beo. Th. 4232; B. 2113.
hilde-swát, es; m. Hostile vapour or steam, Beo. Th. 5109; B. 2558.
hilde-swég, es; m. Sound of battle, Cd. 93; Th. 120, 7; Gen. 1991.
hilde-þremma, an; an. A warrior. Exon. 66 b; Th. 246, 19; Jul. 64.
hilde-þrym, m, mes; m. Warlike prowess. Andr. Kmbl. 2064; An. 1034.
hilde-þryþ, e; f. Strength in war, Exon. 105 a; Th. 400, 6; Rä. 20, 4.
hilde-torht; adj. Having warlike splendour, Bt. Met. Fox 25, 18; Met. 25, 9.
hilde-tusc, -tux, es; m. A battle-tusk, a tusk or tooth that serves as a weapon, Beo. Th. 3026; B. 1511. [Cf. Icel. hildi-tannr.]
hilde-wǽpen, es; m. A weapon of war, Beo. Th. 77; B. 39.
hilde-wísa, an; m. A military leader, general, Beo. Th. 2133; B. 1064.
hilde-wóma, an; m. The crash and rush of battle. Andr. Kmbl. 436; An. 218: Exon. 75 b; Th. 282, 15; Jul. 663: 67 b; Th. 250, 32; Jul. 136. v. Grmm. And. u. El. xxx.
hilde-wrǽsen, e; f. A chain used to secure those taken in war [?]. Salm. Kmbl. 586; Sal. 292.
hilde-wulf, es; m. A war-wolf, warrior, Cd. 95; Th. 123, 25; Gen. 2051.
hild-freca, hilde-, an; m. A warrior. Beo. Th. 4721; B. 2366: 4416; B. 2205: Andr. Kmbl. 251; An. 126: 2141; An. 1072. v. freca.
hild-from; adj. Stout or bold in war, Andr. Kmbl. 2405; An. 1204.
hild-fruma. an; m, A military chief or prince, Elen. Kmbl. 19; El. 10: 201; El. 101: Exon. 65b; Th. 243, 7, Jul. 7: Beo. Th. 3360; B. 1678: 5291; B. 2649: 5662; B. 2835.
hild-lata, an; m. One sluggish in war, slow to fight, a coward, Andr. Kmbl. 466; An. 233: Beo. Th. 5684; B. 2846.
hild-stapa, an; m. One who steps to war, a warrior, Andr. Kmbl. 2517; An. . 1260.
hild-þracu; gen. -þræce; f. Power, force in war, Cd. 98; Th. 130, 9; Gen. 2157.
hilt, es; m. n. Hilt, handle [the plural, as in much later times, e. g. Shakspere's, is used of a single weapon]:-- Ðá wæs gylden hilt gamelum rince on hand gyfen then was the golden hilt given into the old man's hand, Beo. Th. 3358; B. 1677. Ðæs swurdes mid ðam sylfrenan hylte the sword with the silver hilt. Chart. Th. 558, 11. Ic ðæt hilt ðanon ætferede I bore the hilt away from there, 3341; B. 1668. Hylt, 3379; B. 1687. Bíþ ða hiltas the hilt shines, Salm. Kmbl. 446; Sal. 223. Ða hilt since fáge the hilt many-coloured with treasure, Beo. Th. 3233; B. 1614. Be hiltum by the hilt, 3152; B. 1574. [Icel. hjalt; n. the boss or knob at the end of a sword's hilt; also the guard between the hilt and blade. For some account of the hilts of old swords see Worsaae's Primeval Antiquities, pp. 39, 49.] DER. fealo-, fetel-, hroðen-, wreoðen-hilt. v. next word.
hilte, an; f. A hilt, handle:-- Hilte capulus, capulum[?], Ælfc. Gl. 52; Som. 66, 47, 26; Wrt. Voc. 35, 34, 14. Hiltan capulum, Wrt. Voc. 84, 21. Swá ðæt ða hiltan eodon intó ðam innoþe the haft went in after the blade, Jud. 3, 22. Óþ ða hiltan capulotenus, Mone Gl. 432. [O. H. Ger. helza capulus.]
hilte-cumbor, es; n. An ensign having a hill; Beo. Th. 2048; B. 1022.
hilted; part. p. Provided with a hilt. Beo. Th. 5966; B. 3987.
hilt-leás; adj. Without a hilt:-- Hiltleás sweord ensis, Ælfc. Gl. 52; Som. 66, 46; Wrt. Voc. 35, 33.
hind, e; f. A hind, the female of the hart:-- Hind cerva, ÆIíc. Gl. 19; Som. 59, 23; Wrt. Voc. 22, 64. Hynd cerva. Wrt. Voc. 78, 27. Ðá geseah se godes þeów wilde hindc melce then the servant of God saw a wild hind in milk, Shrn. 130, 3. Hé lægde laga ðæt swá hwá swá slóge heort oððe hinde ðæt hine man sceolde blendian he made laws that whoever should kill hart or hind should be blinded. Chr. 1086; Erl. 222, 27. Secan heorotas and hinda to hunt harts and hinds, Bt. Met. Fox 19, 33; Met. 19, 17. [Icel. Dan. hind: O. H. Ger. hinta, hinda cerva: Ger. hinde, hindinn.]
hindan; adv. From behind, at the back, in the rear, behind:-- Ðá hét hé gewríðan ðone páþan and ðone ððerne preóst tó his hricge hindan then he ordered the pope to be bound, and the other priest behind to his back, Homl. Th. ii. 310, 31. Hindan þyrel pierced from behind, Exon. 129 b; Th. 497, 24; Ra. 87, 5. Is him ðæt heáfod hindan gréne its head is green at the back, 60a; Th. 218, 12; Ph. 293. Hie hindan ofridan ne meahte could not overtake them, Chr. 877; Erl. 78, 21: 894; Erl. 92, 22: Erl. 93, 7: 911; Erl. 100, 26: Ors. 6, 36; Bos. 131, 25. Heówan herefléman hindan þearle smote sorely the fugitives, pressing on their rear, Chr. 937; Erl. 112, 23; Æðelst. 23. Se cyng férde him æt hindan and offerde hi the king marched in their rear [pursued them] and overtook them, 1016; Erl. 158, l. Pharao férde him æt hindan Pharao pursued after them, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 63, 226. [Goth. hindana beyond: O. Sax. bi-hindan: O. H. Ger. hintana: Ger. hinten.]
hindan-weard; adv. At the further end, hindwards:-- Sindon ða fiðru hwít hindanweard the wings are white at the tips, Exon. 60a; Th. 218, 21; Ph. 298.
hind-berige, -berie, -berge, an ; f. A raspberry:-- Hyndberige acimus, erimigio, Wrt. Voc. 66, 59: 67, 62. Genim hindbergean take raspberries, L. M. 2, 51; Lchdm. ii. 266, 8. Hindberge ermigio, Lchdm. iii. 302, col. l. [hind-berry, hine-berry, v. English Plant Names. E. D. S. No. 26: O. H. Ger. hind-beri: Ger. him-beere.]
hind-brér, es; m. A raspberry plant; rubus idæus, Lchdm. iii. 22, 31.
hind-cealf, es; m. n. A fawn:-- Hindcealf hinnulus, Ælfc. Gl. 19; Som. 59, 26; Wrt. Voc. 22, 67: 78, 29. [Halliw. Dict. hind-calf, a hind of the first year: O. H. Ger. hrat-kalb hinnulus, damma, dammula.]
hindema; adj. Last :-- Hindeman síðe for the last time, Beo. Th. 4105; B. 2049: 5023; B. 2517. [Cf. Goth. hindumists.] Cf. next word.
hinder; adv. Back, on the further side, behind, down :-- Morðor món sceal under eorþan befeolan hinder under hrusan murder must be buried under earth, down under ground, Exon. 91 a; Th. 340, 24; Gn. Ex. 116. Hí mé ásetton on seáð hinder posuerunt me in lacu inferiori, Ps. Th. 87, 6. Gengde on hinder conversus est retrorsum, 113, 3. On hinder hé eode he [the devil] went behind, Homl. Th. i. 172, 35. Hé on hinder gǽþ he shall go back, Salm. Kmbl. 254; Sal. 126. On hinder in helle hús down into hell, Exon. 42 b; Th. 142, 23; Gú. 648. [Goth. hindar beyond: O. H. Ger. hintar, hindar retro, post: Ger. hinter.]
hinder-geap, -gep; adj. Crafty, cunning, guileful, deceitful :-- Hindergeap versutus, Ælfc. Gl. 84; Som. 73, 104; Wrt. Voc. 49, 11. Hindergepe versuti, Coll. Monast. Th. 32, 29. [Orm. Þatt mann iss fox and hinnderrʒæp and full off ille wiless, 6646. Cf. Goth. hindar-weis deceitful: hindar-weisei guile. Cf. also Carrais hine biðohte of ane hindere cræfte [hiþer crafte, 2nd MS.]: Laym. 10489: Þe grune of hindre þat is of bipeching, O. E. Homl. ii. 213, 23: hinder-word, 59, 18: hinderfulle rede consilium impiorum, 23.] v. geap.
hinder-hóc, es; m. A stratagem, artifice, snare, Exon. 83 b; Th. 315, 20; Mód. 34. [Cf. hinder-geap, hinder-scipe.] hinderling, es; m. A mean, base, contemptible person :-- Occidentales Saxonici, scilicet execastre, habent in proverbio summi despectus, quod summa ira commotus, unus vocat alterum hinderling, i. ab omni honestate dejectum, L. Ed. C. 35; Th. i. 459, 36. [Orm. halde þe forr hinnderrling and forr well swiþe unnwresste, 4860. Halliwell in his Dictionary says under hilding 'the word is still in use in Devon, pronounced hilderling or hinderling.']
hinder-scipe, es; m. Wickedness; nequitia, Hpt. Gl. 415.
hinder-þeóstru; pl. Darkness in a remote or low place :-- Of helwarena hinderþeóstrum ex inferno inferiori, Ps. Th. 85, 12. v. hinder.
hinder-weard; adj. Backward, slow :-- Nis hé hinderweard swár ne swongor swá sume fuglas ða ðe late þurh lyft lácaþ fiþrum non tamen est tarda, ut volucres quæ corpore magno incessus pigros per grave pondus habent, Exon. 60 a; Th. 220, 2; Ph. 314.
hinde-weard, -werd; adj. Hindward :-- Mid hindewerdum ðam sceafte aversa hasta, Past. 40, 5; Swt. 297, 1013: 295, 17: L. Alf. pol. 36; Th. i. 84, 17: Exon. 106 a; Th. 403, 29; Rä. 22, 15.
hind-fald, es [or -falda, an]; m. A hind-fold. Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. vi. 112, 33.
hind-hæleþe, -heolaþ, -heoloþe, -hioloþe, an; f. Water agrimony :-- Hyndhæleþe ambrosia, Wrt. Voc. 66, 60. Hindheolaþ, 79, 51. Genim hindhæleþan, Lchdm. iii. 74, 4. Hindheoloþan, L. M. 2, 51; Lchdm. ii. 266, 7; 1, 15; Lchdm. ii. 56, 21. Hindhioloþan, L. M. 1, 66; Lchdm. ii. 142, 3: 1, 70; Lchdm. ii. 144, 22. v. Lchdm. iii. 331; col. 2.
hindrian; p. ede To hinder, obstruct, keep back, repress :-- Á hé sceal hǽðendðm hindrian he must always repress heathenism, L. I. P. 2; Th. ii. 306, 7. [Icel. hindra: O. H. Ger. hintarian. Grff. iv. 704: Ger. hindern.] v. ge-hindred.
híne [= (?) hínan as gehúse = gehúsan, hiwæ = híwan in the same verse] domesticos, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 10, 25. Is this the word which gives later English hine, Mod. E. hind, or are these taken from the gen. pl. of híwan, hína, which occurs most frequently in phrases hina fæder, etc., and which may have come to be looked upon as an uninflected word used in such cases as the first part of a compound? In v. 36 domestici is glossed hígu ɫ híne ɫ híwen, and 24, 34 pater-familas = híne-fæder [but this may be for hína-fæder]. [Laym. children and hinen, 368: O. E. Homl, ðin owune hine, i. 197, 112: Chauc. Piers P. hine.] v. híwan.
hin-fús; adj. Ready to go away or depart, Beo. Th. 1514; B. 755: Andr. Kmbl. 1223; An. 612.
hin-gang, -gong, es; m. A going hence, departure, death, Exon. 28 b; Th. 86, 24; Cri. 1413: 30 b; Th. 95, 10; Cri. 1555: 44 b; Th. 150, 24; Gú. 783. [O. H. Ger. hina-gang secessus.]
hin-síð, hinn-, hind-, es; m. A journey hence, away, from this world, departure, death. Exon. 119 b; Th. 459, 29; Hö. 7: 87 a; Th. 328, 7; Vy. 13: 97 b; Th. 364, 9; Wal. 68: 52 b; Th. 183, 22; Gú. 1331: Cd. 33; Th. 44, 32; Gen. 718: Th. 45, 3; Gen. 74: Judth. 10; Thw. 23, 11; Jud. 117. Hindsíð, Blickl. Homl. 123, 6. [Cf. O. Sax. hin-fard: O. H. Ger. hine-fart exitus, obitus.]
hinsíð-gryre, es; m. Terror connected with death, Cd. 223; Th. 293, 17; Sat. 456.
hioful the face :-- Ondwlita ɫ hioful facies, Mt. Kmbl. p. 9, ll.
hion, e; f. A bone of the head [?] :-- Gif sió úterre hion gebrocen weorþeþ, L. Ethb. 36; Th. i. 12, 6, v. note, and cf. L. H. 93, 2; Th. i. 605, 12 si exterius os percussum sit.
hird retinue, court :-- Hé férde tó Wudestoke and his biscopes and his hird eal mid him he [Henry] went to Woodstock, and his bishops and his court all with him, Chr. 1123; Erl. 249, 30. Dis geár heáld se kyng Heanri his hird on Windlesoure this year king Henry held his court at Windsor, 1127; Erl. 255, 1. This form as it occurs in late specimens may be merely a contraction of híréd [q.v.], or it may be a form influenced by the Danish hirð. In the former case it should be written hírd.
hirde, hierde, heorde, hiorde, hyrde, es; m. A herd, shepherd, pastor, guardian, guard, keeper :-- Hierde arimentarius, Wrt. Voc. 287, 52. Crist ðú góda hyrde Christ, thou good shepherd, Blickl. Homl. 191, 24. Ic eom ðære stówe hyrde I am the guardian of the place, 201, 9. Hire ágenes húses hirde the keeper of her own house, Bt. Met. Fox 13, 61; Met. 13, 31. Ríces hirde the guardian of a kingdom, a prince, king, 26, 16; Met. 26, 8. Cilda hyrde vel láreów pædagogus, Ælfc. Gl. 80; Som. 72, 103; Wrt. Voc. 46, 60. Ic ðæs folces beó hyrde and healdend I will be the people's keeper and preserver, Cd. 106; Th. 139, 25; Gen. 2315. Ne ic hyrde wæs bróðer mínes I was not my brother's keeper, 48; Th. 62, 1; Gen. 1007. Heorde, Exon. 43 b; Th. 146, 33; Gú. 719. Hiorde, Ps. Grn. ii. 279, 101. Rihtwís hyrde ofer cristene heorde a righteous shepherd over a Christian flock, L. I. P. 2; Th. ii. 304, 9. Hie settan him hyrdas tó they set guards over him, Blickl. Homl. 177, 26: 237, 18: Andr. Kmbl. 1986; An. 995. Úre ealdan fæderas wǽron ceápes hierdas antiqui patres nostri pastores, Past. 17, 2; Swt. 109, 5. Hyrdas pastores ovium, Gen. 46, 32. Hé hæfþ geset his englas ús tó hyrdum he hath appointed his angels as our guardians, Homl. Th. i. 170, 10. [Goth. hairdeis: O. Sax. hirdi: Icel. hirðir: O. H. Ger. hirti pastor, custos: Ger. hirte.] DER. beór-, cú-, feorh-, gát-, grund-, hors-, hriðer-, neát-, sceáp-, swín-hirde.
hirde-belg, -belig, es; m. A shepherd's bag :-- Ðá nam he fif stánas on his herdebelig then he took five stones in his shepherd's bag, Blickl. Homl. 31, 17.
hirde-bóc, hierde-, e; f. Liber Pastoralis, Past. Pref. Swt. 7, 19.
hirde-leás; adj. Without a shepherd :-- Ne beóþ hí hyrdeleáse ðonne hí ðé habbaþ having thee they will not be without a shepherd, Homl. Th. i. 383, 23. Scép heordeleáse oves non habentes pastorem, Mt. Kmbl. Rush 9, 36.
hirde-líc; adj. Pastoral :-- Ða byrðenne ðære hirdelecan giémenne pastoralis curæ pondera, Past; Swt. 23, 11.
hirde-wyrt, e; f. I. the greater, chlora perfoliata. II. the lesser, erythæa centaureum, Lchdm. iii. 332, col. 1.
hird-ness, hyrd-, e; f. Guard, keeping, custody :-- Hé betǽhte hig ða þrí dagas tó hirdnysse tradidit ergo illos custodiæ tribus diebus, Gen. 42, 17. Gif hwá befæst his feoh tó hyrdnysse si quis commendaverit pecuniam in custodiam, Ex. 22, 7. Swá hí on niht hyrdnesse begangaþ sicut custodia in nocte, Ps. Th. 89, 5. On hyrdnyssa in custodias, Lk. Skt. 21, 12.
hírd [= híréd] -preóst, es; m. A domestic chaplain :-- Æilríc mín hírdprést, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iv. 269, 8: Chart. Th. 574, 10, 11.
hí-réd, hírd, es; m. A household, house, family, the body of domestic retainers of a great man or king, a court, the members of a religious house, a company, band of associates :-- Híréd vel híwrǽden familia, Wrt. Voc. 72, 28. Se hálga hýréd wæs wunigende ánmódlíce on gebedum the holy company continued with one accord in prayers, Homl. Th. i. 314, 4: Cd. 226; Th. 302, 1; Sat. 592: 221; Th. 288, 5; Sat. 376. Se hírd on Seynt Eádmundsbiri the brotherhood at Bury St. Edmunds, Chart. Th. 574, 28, 33. Mín ówen hírd my own family, 575, 21. Hírédes fæder paterfamilias, Mt. Kmbl. 10, 25. Hírédes ealdor, 20, 1. Hýrédes hláford, Wrt. Voc. 73, 20. Hírédes móder materfamilias, 73, 21. An gewitnesse ðes hírédes æt Cristes cirican with the witness of the brotherhood at Christchurch, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. ii. 3, 36. Gif hé stalie on gewitnesse ealles his hírédes gongen hie ealle on þeówot if he steal with the knowledge of all his household let them all go into slavery, L. In. 7; Th. i. 106, 17. Of Davides húse and híréde de domo et familia David, Lk. Skt. 2, 4. Tó dæg is ðisum híréde hǽl gefremmed hodie solus domui huic facta est, Homl. Th. i. 582, 5. Cwæþ ðæt hé mid ðam Hǽlende on hýréde wǽre said that he was in company with Jesus, ii. 248, 31. Hit ne biþ ná hús búton hit beo mid híréde áfylled it is no house unless it be filled with a household, 582, 13. Ic wille ðat alle míne men bén fré on hírde and on túne I desire that all my men be free both in my household and vill, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iv. 269, 12. Ðam híréde intó ealdan mynstre to the brotherhood at the old monastery, Chart. Th. 499, 14. Lucinius bebeád ðæt nán cristen mon ne cóme on his hieréde Licinius omnes Christianos e palatio suo jussit expelli, Ors. 6, 30; Swt. 282, 28. On sumes cyninges híréde in tanti patrisfamilias dispositissima domo, Bt. 36, 1; Fox 172, 18: 29, 2; Fox 104, 29: L. Edm. S. 4; Th. i. 248, 23: L. C. S. 60; Th. i. 408, 14: L. R. 3; Th. i. 190, 20. Ðá oferhogode herodes hine mid hys híréde sprevit autem ilium erodes cum exercitu suo, Lk. Skt. 23, ii: Cd. 222; Th. 290, 30; Sat. 423. God geswang Farao and ealne his híréd flagellavit Dominus Pharaonem et domum ejus, Gen. 12, 17. Ðone geset hys hláfurd ofer his híréd quem constituit dominus suus supra familiam suam, Mt. Kmbl. 24, 45: Cd. 106; Th. 139, 16; Gen. 2310. Gif hé beó tó ðam gewelegod ðæt hé hýréd and éht áge if he be so enriched as to have a household and property, L. Wg. 7; Th. i. 186, 23 [cf. 13 híwisc landes]. Frióne hieréd a free monastery, L. Alf. pol. 2; Th. i. 62, 1, v. note. Se cyng heóld ðǽr his híréd v dagas the king held his court there five days, Chr. 1085; Erl. 218, 18, 39. [O. E. Hom. hired: Orm. hird, hirrd: Laym. hiredes, gen; hirde, dat: A. R. hird: O. H. Ger. hí-rát connubium: Ger. heirath.] DER. in-híréd. v. híwan.
híréd-cniht, es; m. A man belonging to a 'híréd,' a domestic: :-- Þurh Paules bodunge gelýfdon ðæs cáseres þegnas and hírédcnihtas through Paul's preaching the members of the emperor's household believed, Homl. Th. i. 374, 34. [Laym. hird-cniht.]
híréd-líc; adj. Familiaris, Hpt. Gl. 463, 504.
híréd-mann, hírd-man, es; m. A member of a 'híréd:' -- Pharaones yldestan hírédmen senes domus Pharaonis, Gen. 50, 7. His hírédmen férdon út mid feáwe mannan of ðam castele and geslógen and gelǽhton fíf hundred manna the members of his household sallied out with few men from the castle, and slew and captured five hundred men, Chr. 1087; Erl. 224, 29. Ongunnon ða hírédmen heardlíce feohtan the [earl's] household retainers began to fight stoutly, Byrht. Th. 139, 28; By. 261. Hæbbe ǽlc hláford his hírédmen [hírdmen (MS. A.)] on his ágenum borge let every lord have the members of his household in his own 'borg,' L. C. S. 31; Th. i. 394, 27: L. Eth. i. 1; Th. i. 282, 9. [Laym. hired-, hered-man (priveman, 2nd MS.)].
híréd-wífmann, es; m. A female member of a household :-- Ic geann eallum mínum hírédwífmannum I give to all the women of my household, Chart. Th. 531, 6.
híréd-wist, e; f. Familiaritas, Lye.
hittan; p. hitte To hit upon, meet with :-- Ðá com Harold úre cyng on unwær on ða Normenn and hytte hí begeondan Eoforwíc æt Stemford brygge then our king Harold came upon the Northmen unexpectedly and met with them beyond York at Stamford bridge, Chr. 1066; Erl. 201, 26. [Borrowed from [?] Icel. hitta to hit upon, meet with.]
hiw, hiow, e; f. Fortune :-- Swá hit oft gesǽleþ on ðǽm sélran þingum and on ðǽm gesundrum dæt seó wyrd and sió hiow hie oft oncyrreþ ut aliquid plerumque in secundis rebus fortuna obstrepit, Nar. 7, 27.
hiw, heow, hiow, heó, es; n. Shape, make, form, fashion, species, kind, appearance, symbol, hue, colour, beauty :-- Hiw species, Ælfc. Gl. 70; Som. 70, 45; Wrt. Voc. 42, 53. Hiw figura, scema, specimen, forma, species, Ælfc. Gr. 2: 9: 14; Som. 2, 45, 46: 8, 22: 9, 31: 17, 19, 20. Hiw figmentum, Blickl. Gl. Ðeós gerýnu is wedd and hiw this mystery is a pledge and a symbol, Homl. Th. ii. 272, 60. Sǽde hwylc ðæs biscopes hiw wǽre effigiem ejusdem Paulini referre esset solitus, Bd. 2, 16; S. 519, 32: Andr. Kmbl. 7449; An. 725. Heó is on onsýne útan yfeles heowes outside it is in appearance of a very poor kind, Blickl. Homl. 197, 11. Seó is brúnes heowes it is of a brown colour, 73, 22. Ánes hiwes uniformis, Ælfc. Gr. 49; Som. 50, 42. Hwælan hiwes of a whale's shape, Salm. Kmbl. 527; Sal. 263. Æt ánes heowes cý from a cow all of one colour, Lchdm. iii. 24, 13. Hiwes binotene bereft of their [angelic] form, Exon. 45 b; Th. 156, 10; Gú. 872. On óðfum hiwe in alia effigie, Mk. Skt. 16, 12. Hí ealle wurdon áwende of ðam fægeran hiwe ðe hí on gesceapene wǽron tó láðlícum deóflum they were all changed from the fair form in which they were created to loathly devils, Homl. Th. i. 10, 30. On næddran hiwe in the form of a serpent, 16, 32: 104, 23. On fýres hiwe like as of fire, 232, 15. On cuman hiwe as a guest, ii. 96, 35. Heowe, Blickl. Homl. 235, 29. Æfter his hiwe secundum speciem suam, Gen. 1, 12. Ðú eart wlitig on hiwe pulchra sis mulier, 12, 11. Siððan heó wunode mid fǽmnum on hira hiwe afterwards she lived with women as a woman, Shrn. 31, 16: 52, 24. Se sunn onféng mennisc hiw the son took the form of a man, Nar. 39, 23: Exon. 18 b; Th. 45, 19; Cri. 721: 46 a; Th. 156, 28; Gú. 881. Heó, Elen. Kmbl. 12; El. 6. Tócnáwan heofones hiw faciem cæli dijudicare, Mt. Kmbl 16, 3. Scínende hiow and gewǽdu shining face and garments, Homl. Th. ii. 350, 18. Nú berþ Petrus ðæt hiw oððe getácnunge ðære hálgan gelaþunge Peter is now the figure or symbol of the holy church, 390, 14: 406, 11. Weorþeþ sunne on blódes hiw the sun shall become the colour of blood, Exon. 21 b; Th. 58, 15; Cri. 936. Hiw decorem, Ps. Spl. C. 44, 13. Gimmas hwíte and reáde and hiwa gehwæs gems, white and red and of every hue, Bt. Met. Fox 19, 46; Met. 19, 23: Exon. 95 b; Th. 356, 31; Pa. 20. Behealdaþ eów wið leásum wítegum ðe tó eów cumaþ on sceápa hiwum take heed of false prophets that come to you as sheep, Homl. Th. ii. 404, 4. On mistlícum and mænigfealdum hiwum of divers and manifold forms, Lchdm. iii. 234, 13. [Goth. hiwi form.] v. feala-, scín-hiw.
híwan, hígan; pl. Members of a household, of a religious house, a family :-- Heora híwan their household, Cd. 133; Th. 168, 10; Gen. 2780, Hine ofslógon his híwan [cf. híréd] the members of his household slew him, Chr. 757; Erl. 53, 8, Híwan members of a religious house, L. Alf. pol. 5; Th. i. 64, 14. Denewulf bisceop and ða híwan in Wintanceastre bishop Denewulf and the brethren at Winchester, Chart. Th. 151, 5. Hígen, Chart. Th. 47, 33: 70, 33: 461, 18, 33. Ða híwan ðe on ðam mynstre wǽron qui erant in monasterio, Bd. 3, 11; S. 535, 18. Hígo familia, Lk. Skt. Lind. 2, 4: 12, 42. Hígo ða ðe gihaldaþ familia quæ abstinet, Rtl. 16, ll: 14, 30. Hígu domestici, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 10, 36. Faderes hígna patris familias, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 13, 27; Lk. Skt. Lind. 13, 25: Chart. Th. 460, 9. Fæder hína, Mt. Kmbl Rush. 20, 1: 21, 33. Gehwilcne ðe his hína wæs wǽpned cynnes every one that of his family was of the male sex, Cd. 107; Th. 142, 34; Gen. 2371. Ða hrýmde heó tó hire híwun vocavit ad se homines domus suæ, Gen. 39, 14. Mid hira híwun cum domibus suis, Ex. 1, 1. Gá tó ðínum húse tó ðínum híwum vade in domum tuam ad tuos, Mk. Skt. 5, 19. Búton Noe and his seofan híwon except Noah and the seven members of his family, Homl. Th. ii. 58, 34: i. 20, 34. On middum hire ðinum in media eorum [the members of the monastery], Bd. 4, 19; S. 588, 20: Chart. Th. 468, 19: L. Alf. pol. 2; Th. i. 62, 5. Giléf higum ðínum concede famulis tuis, Rtl. 30, 17. Út of earce híwan lǽd ðú lead thy family out of the ark, Cd. 73; Th. 90, 3; Gen. 1489. Híwan [MS. A. munecas], Chr. 716; Erl. 45, 17. Híwæ domesticos, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 10, 25. [Ayenb. Chauc. Piers P. hewe a servant: Orm. hiwenn a family: cf. Goth. heiwa-frauja GREEK: O. Sax. híwa a wife: Icel. hjú, hjún, hjón man and wife, family, household: O. H. Ger. híwo a married man; híwa a married woman.] DER. gesam-, gesin-, in-, sam-, sin-híwan.
hiw-beorht, hiow-; adj. Bright of hue, beautiful in form or colour, Elen. Kmbl. 145; El. 73: Cd. 14; Th. 17, 27; Gen. 265.
híw-cúþ, heow-; adj. Familiar, well known :-- Híwcúþ familiaris, Ælfc. Gl. 115; Som. 80, 62; Wrt. Voc. 61, 36. Ic ne eom him suá híwcúþ familiaritatis ejus notitiam non habemus, Past. 10, 2; Swt. 63, 5; Herb. 67, 1; Lchdm. i. 170, 13. Se ðe hine selfne híwcúþne ne ongiet Gode qui familiarem se ejus gratiæ esse nescit, Past. 10, 2; Swt. 63, 8. Ða syndon heowcúþe ðe wé geseón ne mágon those things are familiar that we cannot see, Blickl. Homl. 97, 23. Híwcúþe, Bt. Met. Fox 10, 122; Met. 10, 61.
híw-cúþlíce, hiew-; adv. Familiarly :-- Ða ðe hine híwcúþlíce cúþan qui eum familiariter noverunt, Bd. 5, 2; S 614, 27. Hí biþ hiewcúþlíce þeów ðæm Godes feónde hosti Dei familiarius servit, Past. 47, 2; Swt. 361, 1. Hine God hiewcúþlícor on eallum þingum innan lǽrde ðonne óðre menn mid his gelómlícre tósprǽce quem de cunctis interius per conversationem cum Deo sedulam locutio familiaris instruebat, 41, 5; Swt. 304, 18.
híwcúþ-rǽdness, e; f. Familiarity, intimacy: familiaritas. Ælfc. Gl. 116; Som. 80. 66; Wrt. Voc. 62, 40.
hiwe; adj. Beautiful in form or colour, Exon. 60 a; Th. 218, 8; Ph. 291: Th. 219, 4; Ph. 302. [Cf. twí-hiwe: or is hiwe dative of hiw?]
híwen, es; n. A family, household :-- Ða þing ðe eówre híwenu beþurfon cibaria domibus vestris necessaria, Gen. 42, 33. Tó mete eówrum híwenum in cibum familiis, 47, 24. Híwen domestici, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 10, 36. [Orm. hiwenn a family.] v. híwan.
hiwene [?] discoloration. Lchdm. iii. 126, 8.
hiwere, es; m. One who pretends, a hypocrite :-- Hiwere simulator, Ælfc. Gr. 85; Som. 73, 105; Wrt. Voc. 49, 12. Wá eów hiwerum woe to you hypocrites, Homl. Th. ii. 404, 17.
híw-gedál, es; n. A separation of man and wife, divorce: :-- Hé sylle hyre hyra híwgedáles bóc det illi libellum repudii, Mt. Bos. 5, 31; 19, 7; Mk. Skt. 10, 4. [Cf. Icel. hjóna-skilnaðr a divorce.]
hiwian; p. ode; pp. od. To form, fashion, shape, colour, feign, pretend :-- Hiwian colorare, Ælfc. Gl. 99; Som. 76, 112; Wrt. Voc. 54, 54. Ic hiwige fingo, Ælfc. Gr. 28; Som. 31, 61. Ðú hiwast swilce ðú ðínum cildum hit sparige you make as if you are saving it for your children, Homl. Th. ii. 104, 8. Ealle ðe hiwiaþ hí wiðútan mid eáwfæstum þeáwum and wiðinnan sind geǽttrode mid árleásnysse all that fashion themselves outwardly with pious manners, but inwardly are poisoned with impiety, 404, 13. Sum fǽmne hí hiwode sárlíce seóce some woman feigned herself very ill, 506, 5. Herodes hiwode hine sylfne unrótne Herod pretended to be troubled, i. 484, 26. Ðú hiwodest formasti, Blickl. Gl: Ps. Spl. C. 138, 4: 93, 9. Hiwgende lang gebed simulantes longam orationem, Lk. Skt. 20, 47. v. ge-hiwian.
híwian; p. ode; To marry :-- Hie forbiódaþ mannum ðæt hie híwien prohibentium nubere, Past. 43, 9; Swt. 318, 1.
híwisc, hígwisc, es; n. A family, household, house; also a hide of land [v. híd] :-- Fæder hiogwuisc, hiowisc, hiuwisc paterfamilias, Lk. Skt. Lind. Rush. 12, 39: 13, 25: 14, 21. Gif hé hæbbe híwisc landes if he have a hide of land, L. Wg. 7; Th. i. 186, 13 [cf. l. 23]. On Cotenes- felde án hýwysce and þóder dél of Branok hyalf híwisce in Cotensfield one hide, and the other part of Branok half a hide, Chart. Th. 107, 26-8. Híwisc, 428, 17. God bebéad Moyse ðæt hé and eall Israhéla folc sceoldon offrian æt ǽlcum híwisce Gode án lamb ánes geáres God commanded Moses that he and all the people of Israel should offer a lamb of the first year to God from every family [a lamb for an house, Ex. 12, 3], L. In. 44; Th. i. 130, 5.
hiw-leás; adj. Wanting in form or in, colour :-- Hiwleás deformis, Wrt. Voc. 72, 16. Hú hiwleáse hie beóþ how colourless the patients are, L. M. 2, 36; Lchdm. ii. 242, 2.
hiwleás-ness want of form; deformitas. Som.
hiw-líc; adj. Having good form or colour, shapely; formosus :-- Ansíne hiwlíce hine habban fultum getácnaþ to see one's self with a handsome face betokens support, Lchdm. iii. 204, 8. Reáf hiwlíc habban blisse getácnaþ to have a handsome robe betokens bliss, 212, 6. hiwlíc figuratus, Hpt. Gl. 432.
híw-líc matronalis, Cot. 129, Lye.
híw-rǽden, e; f. A family, household, house, a religious house :-- Hýwrǽden domus, Ælfc. Gl. 106; Som. 78, 66; Wrt. Voc. 57, 45. Godes wingeard is Israhéla híwrǽden God's vineyard is the house of Israel, Homl. Th. ii. 72, 31: Mt. Kmbl. 10, 6. Gang in tó ðam arce and eall ðín híwrǽden ingredere tu el omnis domus tua in arcam, Gen. 7, 1: 50, 8. For bénum abbodes and ðære heórǽdene æt Bercleá for the prayers of the abbot and of the brethren at Berkeley, Chart. Th. 129, 30: 168, 24. Sib sí ðisse híwrǽddenne pax huic domui, Lk. Skt. 9, 5: 19, 9: Gen. 28, 2: Ex. 2, 1. Híwrǽdene underféhþ familiam susceperit, L. Ecg. P. ii. 16; Th. ii. 188, 2.
híw-scipe, híg-, es; m. A family, household, house :-- Híwscype domus, Ps. Lamb. 113, 17. Wæs sum híwscipes fæder and hína ealdor erat paterfamilias, Bd. 5, 12; S. 627, 9. Ðá onféng heó ǽnes híwscipes stówe accepit locum unius familiæ, 4, 23; S. 593, 18. Ealle híwscipas þeóda universæ familiæ gentium, Ps. Lamb. 21, 28. [O. E. Hom. of elchan hiwscipe, i. 87, 8. v. Ex. 12, 3.] DER. sin-híwscipe.
hiwung, hiwing, e; f. Forming, shaping, form, figure, pretence, feigning, hypocrisy, dissimulation :-- Hé ne biþ ðonne geleáfa ac biþ hiwung it is not then belief but hypocrisy, Homl. Th. i. 250, 21. Hywung, ii. 220, 32. Gé sind wiðinnan áfyllede mid hiwunge and unrihtwísnysse within ye are filled with hypocrisy and unrighteousness, 404, 21. Ða leásan lícceteras ðe mid hiwunge God sécaþ the false hypocrites that seek God with outward show, i. 120, 2. Hé com mid hiwunge he came with dissimulation, Chr. 1049; Erl. 172, 32. Mid ðære hiwunga ðe hió lícet ðæt hió síe gód mendacium specie bonorum, Bt. 20; Fox 72, 1. Hí on fruman tó Godes hiwunga gesceapene wǽron in the beginning they were created in the image of God, Blickl. Homl. 61, 7. Þurh hiwwinge per figuras, Num. 12, 8. Ðæt hluttre mód ðe Gode gelícaþ forsihþ ða hiwunga and healt sóðfæstnysse the pure mind that pleases God despises pretences and holds the truth, Basil admn. 5; Norm. 46, 8. Þurh deófles hiwunga per diaboli figmenta, L. Ecg. C. iii. 14; Th. ii. 202, 5. v. hiwian.
híwung, e; f. Marriage :-- Mid his híwunge and his geférena with the marriage of himself and of his companions, Ors. 2, 2; Swt. 64, 24. v. híwian.
hladan; p. hlód; pp. hladen. I. to heap, pile up, build, place, lade, load, freight :-- Ic mé hrycg hlade ðæt ic habban sceal I load my back with what I am to have, Exon. 102 a; Th. 386, 21; Rä. 4, 65. Wyrd wóp wecceþ weán hladeþ fate awakens grief, heaps up misery, Salm. Kmbl. 874; Sal. 436. Wé gelíce sceolon leánum hleótan swá wé weorcum hlódun we shall obtain rewards according as we built with our deeds [cf. 1 Cor. 3, 12-14], Exon. 19 a; Th. 49, 12; Cri. 784. Hlódan they loaded, 106 a; Th. 404, 19; Ra:. 23, 10. Ongan ðá ád hladan began then to build the pile, Cd. 140; Th. 175, 25; Gen. 2901. Hý ne móston on bǽl hladan leófne mannan they might not place the beloved man on the pile, Beo. Th. 4259; B. 2126. Him on bearm hladan bunan and discas to heap up in his bosom cups and dishes, 5543; B. 2775. Naca hladen herewǽdum the bark laden with war weeds, 3798; B. 1897. Wæs wunden gold on wǽn hladen twisted gold was laden on the wain, 6260; B. 3134. Hærfest wæstmum hladen autumn laden with fruits, Menol. Fox 281; Men. 142. II. to lade, draw [water]; haurire :-- Ic hlade haurio, Ælfc. Gr. 30; Som. 34, 40. Swá hwæt swá ðú hlætst of ðam flóde quidquid hauseris de fluvio, Ex 4, 9. Hé hlód wæter mid ús hausit aquam nobiscum, 2, 19. Ðá mid áne helme hlód hit, Nar. 8, 3: Homl. Th. ii. 118, 21. Ða þénas ðe ðæt wæter hlódon ministri qui haurierant aquam, Jn. Skt. 2, 9. Hladaþ hauríte, 8. Hlade ðonne mid ðære ylcan hand ðæs wæteres múþ fulne let him then take up with the same hand a mouthful of the water, Lchdm. iii. 68, 15; 74, 16. Wæter tó hladanne ad hauriendam aquam, Ex. 2, 16. Ne ðú næfst nán þing mid tó hladenne neque in quo haurias habes, Jn. Skt. MS. A. 4, 11. Gemétte ǽnne ealdne munuc wæter hladende found an old monk drawing water, Homl. Th. ii. 180, 7. [Orm. lodenn. p. pl; lădenn, pp. to draw (water): Ayenb. lhade: Prompt. Parv. ladyñ i. onero, sarcino; ii. vatilo: Goth. hlaþan to load: O. Sax. hladan (like A. Sax.): O. Frs. hlada to lade: Icel. hlaða to lade, pile up, build: O. H. Ger. hladan onerare, ponere: Ger. laden.] DER. á-, ge-, tó-hladan.
hladung, e; f. A drawing, haustus. Som.
hlæd, es; n. A heap, pile, mound :-- Beraþ hiere hlæd tó comportabis aggerem, Past. 21, 5; Swt. 161, 5; 163, 10, 11. [Icel. hlað; n: hlaði; m. a pile, stack.] v. hladan.
hlæd-disc, es; m. A dish on which many things are heaped up [?]; satura [MS. satira], Ælfc. Gl. 30; Som. 61, 69; Wrt. Voc. 26, 66. v. hlæd.
hlædel, es; m. An instrument for drawing water, a ladle; antlia, Hpt. Gl. 418. [Chauc. Piers P. ladel.] v. hladan.
hlæden a vessel for drawing water, a bucket; hauritorium, Ælfc. Gl. 25; Som. 60, 54; Wrt. Voc. 24, 50.
hlæder, hlædder, e; f; hlæddre, an [?]; f. A ladder, flight of steps; scala :-- Ðá geseah hé on swefne standan áne hlædre and godes englas up stígende and nyðer stígende on ðære hlædre viditque in somnis scalam stantem, angelos quoque del ascendentes et descendentes per eam, Gen. 28, 12, 13: Past. pref; Swt. 23, 17: Exon. 114 a; Th. 437, 11; Rä. 56, 6. On læddran sittan, Lchdm. iii. 210, 23. Tó heofnum up hlædræ rǽrdon they raised ladders up to the heavens, Cd. 80; Th. 101, 1; Gen. 1675. Hie æfter hlæddrum ástígon they mounted by steps, Blickl. Homl 209, 7. [Ayenb. lheddre: Piers P. laddre; O. Frs. hladder, hleder: O. H. Ger. hleitar, leitara: Ger. leiter.]
hlæder-wyrt, hlædder-, e; f. Ladder-wort, ladder to heaven, Jacob's ladder; polemonium cæruleum or polygonatum multiflorum [v. E. D. S. No. 26, 'ladder to heaven'], Lchdm. iii. 8, 25.
hlæd-hweol, -weogl, -wiogl, es; n. A wheel used in drawing water; antlia, Cot. 9, 101, Lye.
hlæd-trendel, es; m. A wheel used in drawing water; rota hauritoria, Hpt. Gl. 418.
hlǽfdige, hlǽfdie, an; f. A lady, mistress of a house; after Bertric's time it is the title given to the wife of the West-Saxon king, v. William of Malm. bk. ii. c. 2 :-- Hlǽfdige, domina, Wrt. Voc. 72, 79. Hírédes hlǽfdige materfamilias, 73, 21. Gif hwylc wíf hire wífman swingþ and heó þurh ða swingle wyrþ dead and heó unscyldig biþ fæste seó hlǽfdige vii geár si mulier aliqua ancillam suam flagellis verberaverit et ex illa verberatione moriatur, et innocens sit, domina vii annos jejunet, L. Pen. ii. 4; Th. ii. 184, 2. Cristes þegnas cweþaþ ðæt ðú síe hlǽfdige wuldorweorudes Christ's servants say that thou [the Virgin Mary] art the queen of the glorious host, Exon. 12 a; Th. 18, 15; Cri. 284. Hlǽfdige mín O lady mine! Elen. Kmbl. 1309; El. 656. Ðá com seó hlǽfdige hider tó lande then came the lady [Ethelred's wife] to this country, Chr. 1002; Erl. 137, 30: 1013; Erl. 149, 29. Æþelflæd Myrcena hlǽfdige, 918; Erl. 103, 1 [cf. Henry of Hunt. 'Hæc igitur domina tantæ potentiæ fertur fuisse, ut a quibusdam, non solum domina vel regina sed etiam rex vocaretur']. On þýs ilcan geáre forþférde seó ealde hlǽfdige Eádwerdes cinges móder in this same year departed the old lady, the mother of king Edward, 1051; Erl. 176, 19. Cnut cyncg and Ælfgifu seó hlǽfdige, Chart. Th. 328, 20. Swá eágan gáþ earmre þeówenan ðonne heó on hire hlǽfdigean handá lócaþ sicut oculi ancillæ, in manibus dominæ suæ, Ps. Th. 122, 3: Cd. 103; Th. 137, 13; Gen. 2273. Agar forseah hirp hlǽfdian Agar despexit dominam suam, Gen. 16, 4. Ðá forlét se cyng ða hlǽfdian seó wæs gehálgod him tó cwéne [of Eward putting away his wife, Godwin's daughter], Chr. 1048; Erl. 180, 20. Him tó wífum dydon ða ðe ǽr wǽron heora hlǽfdian those who before had been their mistresses, they made their wives, Ors. 4, 3; Bos. 80, 6. [Laym. lafdi, leafdi: Orm. laftdiʒ: Ayenb. lhevedi: Chauc. Piers P. lady, ladi.] v. hláford.
hlǽnan; p. de To cause to lean, to incline: -- Siððan hý tógædere gáras hlǽndon after they had inclined their spears together, Exon. 66 b; Th. 246, 18; Jul. 63. DER. á-, bi-hlǽnan.
hlǽne; adj. Lean, meagre; macer :-- Hlǽne macer, Ælfc. Gl. 89; Som. 74, 102; Wrt. Voc. 51, 15. Oxan fule and swíðe hlǽne boves fœdæ confectæque macie, Gen. 41, 3. Nú wé sind hlǽne anima nostra arida est, Num. 11, 6: Ors. 4, 13; Bos. 100, 25. [Laym. Piers P. Chauc. lene.]
hlǽnian; p. ode To make lean or to become lean :-- Ðæt hé his líchoman hlǽnige ut caro maceretur, Past. 14, 6; Swt. 87, 17. Ðonne ðæt flǽsc hlǽnaþ dum carnem macerant, 43, 6; Swt. 313, 20. [Prompt. Parv. lenyñ or make lene macero.]
hlǽnnes, -ness, e; f. Leanness :-- Hlǽnnes macies vel tabitudo, Ælfc. Gl. 89; Som. 74, 104; Wrt. Voc. 51, 17. Módes hlǽnnys leanness of the mind, Homl. Th. i. 522, 31.
hlǽnsian; p. ode To make lean; macerare, castigare. Hpt. Gl. 433. [Cf. O. E. Hom. 'Carnis maceratio fleises lensing. Mon lenseþ his fleis hwenne he him ʒefeð lutel to etene,' i. 147.]
hlæst, es; n. Burden, freight, lading :-- Eów is holmes hlæst and hecfonfuglas and wildu deór on geweald geseald into your power is given the ocean's freight [fishes] and the fowls of the air and wild beasts, Cd. 74; Th. 91, 20; Gen. 1515. Hwá ðæm hlæste onféng who received that freight, Beo. Th. 104; B. 52: Cd. 71; Th. 85, 29; Gen. 1422. Hlæst beran to bear a burden, Exon. 101 a; Th. 381, 23; Rä. 2, 15. Ic ástíge mín scyp mid hlæstum mínum ego ascendo navem cum mercibus meis, Coll. Monast. Th. 26, 31. [Chauc. last: Prompt. Parv. leste, nowmbyr, as heryngys, and other lyke legio: O. Frs. hlest: Icel. hlass a cart-load: Ger. last onus.] v. hladan, brim-hlæst.
hlǽw, hláw, hláu, hléw, es; m. I. a low or law [occurring in names of places], a rising ground, an artificial as well as a natural mound, a funeral mound; tumulus :-- Wæs ðǽr on ðam eálande sum hláw mycel ofer eorþan geworht, ðone ylcan men for feós wilnunga gedulfon and brǽcon there was on the island a great mound made upon the earth, which same from the desire of treasure men had dug into and broken up, Guthl. 4; Gdwin. 26, 5, 7: Bec. Th. 2244; B. 1120. Dá hý ofer ðone hlǽw ridan when they rode over the hill, Lchdm. iii. 52, 14. Hátaþ hlǽw gewyrcean se sceal tó gemyndum mínum leódum heáh hlifian on Hrones næsse, ðæt hit sǽlíðend syððan hátan Biówulfes biorh bid them make a mound; it shall as a memorial to my people tower high on Hronesness, so that hereafter may seafarers call it Beowulf's mount, Beo. Th. 5597; B. 2802: 6295; B. 3158: 6319; B. 3170. Geworpene on wídne hlǽw projecti in monumentis, Ps. Th. 87, 5. On hwelcum hlǽwa hrusan þeccen bán Wélandes in what tomb do Weland's bones cover the ground? Bt. Met. Fox 10, 85; Met. 10, 43. Beorgas ðǽr ne muntas steápe ne stondeþ, ne stánclifu heáh hlifiaþ ne dene ne daiu ne dúnscrafu hlǽwas ne hlincas nec tumulus crescit, nec cava vallis hiat, Exon. 56 a; Th. 199, 13; Ph. 25. The word is found in local names, e.g. Cwicchelmes hlǽw. Chr. 1006; Erl. 140, 21 [for other examples see Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. xxxi], and exists still in the forms -low, as Ludlow, Hounslow; and -law, frequently applied to hills in Scotland. [Cf. Icel. haugr a mound, funeral mound; how in local names.] II. the interior of a mound, a cave :-- Draca sceal on hlǽwe a serpent shall dwell in a cave, Menol. Fox 512; Gn. C. 26: Beo. Th. 5539; B. 2773. Eorþsele hlǽw under hrusan an earth-hall, a cave under ground, 4813; B. 2411. [Orm. illc an lawe & illc an hill: Havel. lowe: Goth. hlaiw a grave, tomb; hlaiwasna grave, sepulchre: O. Sax. hléwe (dat.) grave: O. H. Ger. hlaeo mausoleum; laeo acervus; hléo agger; léuua aggeres.]
HLÁF, es; m. Bread, food, a loaf :-- Gehafen hláf fermentacius panis: ceorlisc hláf cibarius: geseórid hláf acrizimus panis: hwǽten hláf siligeneus vel triticeus: heorþbacen hláf subcinericius vel focarius: ofenbacen hláf clibanius: gehyrst hláf frixius panis, Ælfc. Gl. 66; Som. 69, 59-69; Wrt. Voc. 41, 15-23. Litel hláf pastillus: ofenbacen hláf fermentum, 31; Som. 61, 84, 94; Wrt. Voc. 27, 14, 24. Him hylpþ eác ofenbacen hláf, L. M. 2, 27; Lchdm. ii. 222, 17. Smæl hláf artolaganus, Cot. 21, Lye. Tú hund greátes hláfes and þridde smales two hundred [loaves?] of coarse bread, and a third of fine, Chart. Th. 158, 25. Hwítes hláfes cruman crumbs of white bread, L. M. 1, 2; Lchdm. ii. 34, 21. Ne sý neáta cwyld ne ádl ne hláfes hungor let there not be murrain among cattle, or disease, or lack of food, Shrn. 104, 27. Sing ðis on ánum berenan hláfe and syle ðan horse etan sing this over a barley loaf and give it the horse to eat, Lchdm. iii. 68, 31: Blickl. Homl. 179, 31: Jn. Skt. 6, 9. Man sceolde dón dǽdbote on hláfe and on wætere pœnitentia sit agenda in pane et aqua, L. Ecg. C. 2; Th. ii. 134, 4. Úrne dæghwamlícan hláf syle ús tódæg give us to-day our daily bread, Mt. Kmbl. 6, 11. Mid Grécum diáconas ne móton brecan gehálgodne hláf apud Græcos diaconis non licet frangere panem sanctum, L. Ecg. C. 35; Th. ii. 160, 9: L. M. 3, 41; Lchdm. ii. 334, 22: L. Edg. C. 43; Th. ii. 254, 1. For hwon ne rǽcst ðú ús ðone hwítan hláf ðone ðú sealdest Saban quare non nobis porrigis panem nitidum quem Saba dabas, Bd. 2, 5; S. 507, 14. Cyse and drygne hláf cheese and dry bread, L. M. 2, 26; Lchdm. ii. 278, 21. Hláf wexenne a wax plaster, Lchdm. iii. 210, 1, 2. Gesufelne hláf, L. Ath. V. 8, 6; Th. i. 236, 36. Ðeorfe hláfas unleavened loaves, Homl. Th. ii. 264. 3. cxx. huǽtenra hláfa and xxx. clénra one hundred and twenty wheaten loaves and thirty made without bran, 460, 16. cxx gesuflra hláfa, 32: 469, 3. On xii mónþum ðú scealt sillan ðínum þeówan men vii hund hláfa and xx hláfa búton morgenmetum and nónmetum in twelve months thou shalt give thy slave-man seven hundred and twenty loaves, besides meals at morn and noon, Salm. Kmbl. 192, 18. Cweþ ðæt ða stánas tó hláfum geweorþan tell the stones to become loaves, Blickl. Homl. 27, 7. [Orm. laf: Laym. laves. pl: Ayenb. lhove: Goth. hlaibs: Icel. hleifr: O. H. Ger. hlaiba, leib panis, tortella: Ger. laib.] DER. heofon-, offrung-hláf.
hláf-ǽta, an; m. A loaf-eater, domestic, servant :-- Ceorles hláfǽta a 'ceorl's' servant, L. Ethb. 25; Th. i. 8, 10. [Cf. hláford, and v. (?) under hláf the passage from Salm. Kmbl. 192, 18.
hláf-gang, es; m. The procession with the host, L. Eth. vii. 27; Th. i. 334. 34.
hláf-gebrece, es; n. A fragment of bread :-- Swá hláfgebrece sicut frustum panis, Ps. Th. 147, 6.
hláf-gebroc, es; n. A fragment of bread :-- Ðara hláfgebroca wæs tó láfe twelf binna fulle of the fragments there remained twelve baskets full, Shrn. 48, 31.
hláf-hwǽte, es; m. Wheat for making bread, Chart. Th. 144, 34.
hláf-leást, e; f. Lack of bread :-- For ðære hláfleáste ða eorþan ǽton for lack of bread they ate the earth, St. And. 34, 20.
hláf-mæsse, -messe, an; f. Lammas, a name for the first of August :-- Ðæt wæs on ðære tíde calendas Agustus and on ðæm dæge ðe wé hátaþ hláfmæsse it was on the first of August, on the day that we call Lammas, Ors. 5, 13; Swt. 246, 17. On ðære nihte ðe gé hátaþ Hláfmesse on the day that you call Lammas, Homl. Th. ii. 384, 11. Bringeþ Agustus Hláfmæssan dæg August brings Lammas-day, Menol. Fox 277; Men. 140. Betwix hláfmæssan and middum sumera between Lammas and midsummer, Chr. 921; Erl. 106, 5. Tóforan Hláfmæssan, 1101; Erl. 237, 24. Æfter hlámmessan, 1009; Erl. 142, 16. Tó Lámmæssan, 1085; Erl. 219, 3. [Piers P. lammasse: Prompt. Parv. lammasse festum agnorum vel Festum ad vincula Sancti Petri.] v. next word, and hláf-sénung.
hláfmæsse-dæg, es; m. Lammas-day, the first of August :-- Of ðam gehálgedan hláfe ðe man hálige on hláfmæssedæg from the hallowed bread which is hallowed on Lammas-day, Lchdm. iii. 290, 27. Ǽr hláfmæsse [dǽge?], L. M. 1, 72; Lchdm. ii. 146, 9. Æfter hlámmǽssedæge, Chr. 1100; Erl. 235, 33.
hláford, es; m. A LORD; dominus. herus :-- Hláford heros, Ælfc. Gl. 87; Som. 74, 46; Wrt. Voc. 50, 28. Scipes hláford nauclerus, 83; Som. 73, 66; Wrt. Voc. 48, 4. Hie cuǽdon ðæt him nǽnig mǽg leófra nǽre ðonne hiera hláford they said that no kinsman was dearer to them than their lord, Chr. 755; Erl. 50, 20. Cwǽdon ðæt him nán leófre hláford nǽre ðonne heora gecynde hláford, 1014; Erl. 150, 6. Hé wæs ǽgðer mín mǽg and mín hláford he was both my kinsman and my lord, Byrht. Th. 138, 23; By. 224. Ðæs þegenes lof is ðæs hláfordes wurþmynt. Sý lof ðam Hláforde ðe leofaþ on écnysse the servant's praise is the Lord's honour. Praise be to the Lord that liveth for ever, Homl. Th. ii. 562, 6. Sum sceal mid hearpan æt his hláfordes fótum sittan feoh þicgan one shall sit with the harp at the feet of his lord, receive money, Exon. 88 a; Th. 332, 5; Vy. 80. Hine gecés tó hláforde Scotta cyning, the king of Scots chose him as his lord, Chr. 924; Erl. 110, 14. Tó hláforde geceósan to elect king, Ors. 3, 11; Bos. 74, 39. Óhthere sǽde his hláforde Ælfréde cyninge Ohthere said to his lord, king Alfred, 1, 1; Bos. 19, 25. Ic geann mínum hláforde syxti mancusa goldes I give to my lord sixty mancuses of gold, Chart. Th. 516, 32. Úrum hláforde holde loyal to our lord, L. C. E. 20; Th. i. 372, 8. Ic mé be healfe mínum hláforde be swá leófan men licgan þence beside my lord, by one so loved, I mean to lie, Byrht. Th. 141, 7; By. 318: Judth. 12; Thw. 25, 9; Jud. 251: Andr. Kmbl. 823; An. 412. Heora hláford gewrecan to avenge their lord, Ors. 3, 9; Swt. 134, 30. Hé bebeád ðone hláford lufian swá hine selfne he commanded to love the lord as himself, L. Alf. 49; Th. i. 58, 13. Áhte ic fela wintra folgaþ tilne holdne hláford I had for many years a good service, a gracious lord, Exon. 100 b; Th. 379, 26; Deór. 39. Álegdon ða tómiddes mǽrne þeóden hláford leófne they laid down in their midst the great prince, their beloved lord, Beo. Th. 6276; B. 3142. Ða menn ða ðǽr hláfordas wǽron the men that were lords there, Chart. Th. 459, 16. Hláforda wín honorarium vinum, Ælfc. Gl. 32; Som. 62, 1; Wrt. Voc. 27, 67. Heó [Hagar] gewát hire hláfordum [Abram and Sara], Cd. 104; Th. 138, 21; Gen. 2295. [Laym. laverd: Orm. laferrd: A. R. loverd: Proclam. H. III. lhoaverd: Ayenb. lhord: Piers P. Chauc. lord.] DER. cyne-, eald-, hús-, worold-hláford.
hláford-dóm, es; m. Dominion, lordship :-- For Godes ege under ðæm geoke his hláforddómes þurhwunigen and hine for Godes ege weorþigen, suá mon hláford sceal divino timore constricti ferre sub eis jugum reverentiæ non recusent, Past. 28, 5; Swt. 197, 8. Se ðe on láreówes onlícnesse ða þénenga dæs ealdordómes gecierþ tó hláforddóme qui ex simulatione disciplinæ ministerium regiminis vertit in usum dominationis, 17, 9; Swt. 121, 24. [Orm. laferrd-dom.]
hláford-gift principatus, Hpt. Gl. 412. [Cf. [?] Hláfordes gifu, L. Eth. iii. 3; Th. i. 292, 16, and see the Glossary.]
hláford-hyldo; f. -hyld, -held[?] m; or -hyldu, e; f. Fidelity to a lord, loyalty :-- Ac hí gecýðdon raðe ðæs hwylce hláford-hyldo hí þohton to gecýðanne on heora ealdhláfordes bearnum but soon after they shewed what kind of loyalty they intended to shew to the children of their late lord, Ors. 6, 37; Bos. 132, 23. Eall ðæt wé ǽfre for riht-hláfordhelde dóþ all that we ever do from true loyalty, L. C. E. 20; Th. i. 372, 10.
hláford-leás; adj. Lordless, not having a lord :-- Ætwítan mé ðæt ic hláfordleás hám síðie to taunt me that I return home without my lord, Byrht. Th. 139, 8; By. 251: Exon. 105 b; Th. 401, 35; Rä. 21, 22: Beo. Th. 5863; B. 2935: Andr. Kmbl. 810; An. 405. Be hláfordleásum mannum concerning men who have no lord, L. Ath. 1. 2; Th. i. 200, 4.
hláford-scipe, es; m. Lordship, rule; dominatio :-- Hláfordscipe ðín dominatio tua, Ps. Spl. 144, 13. Hwí wæs Adame án treów forboden ðá ðá hé wæs ealles óðres hláford ? To ðan ðæt hé hine ne onhófe on swá micclum hláfordscipe why was one tree forbidden to Adam, when he was lord of every other? To the end that he might not exalt himself with so great lordship, Boutr. Scrd. 17, 28. Ðu winsþ wið ðam hláfordscipe ðe ðú self gecure you strive against the rule you have yourself chosen, Bt. 7, 2; Fox 18, 30. Ðonne wé ágyltaþ wið ða hláfordas, ðonne ágylte wé wið ðone God ðe hláfordscipe gescóp cum præpositis delinquimus, ejus ordinationi, qui eos nobis prætulit, obviamus, Past. 28, 6; Swt. 201, 3: 29; Swt. 201, 22. Dominationes sind hláfordscypas gecwedene, Homl. Th. i. 342, 32.
hláford-searu; f. n. Plotting against the life of a king or lord :-- Búton æt hláfordsearwe ðam hie náne mildheortnesse ne dorston gecwæðan except in cases of treason against a lord; to that they dared not assign any mercy, L. Alf. 49; Th. i. 58, 9. Be hláfordsearwe. Gif hwá ymb cyninges feorh sierwie, síe hé his feores scyldig and ealles ðæs ðe hé áge of plotting against a lord. If any one plot against the king's life, let him forfeit his life and all that he owns, L. Alf. pol. 4; Th. i. 62, 14: 1; Th. 60, 4: L. Ath. i. 4; Th. i. 202, 1: L. Edg. ii. 7; Th. i. 268, 23: L. C. S. 26; Th. i. 392, 1. [Cf. L. Eth. v. 5; Th. i. 312, 5: vi. 37; Th. i. 324, 16: L. C. S. 58; Th. i. 408, 1.]
hláford-sócn, e; f. The 'seeking' a lord for the purpose of being in his service, and under his protection [cf. hláford sécan, L. Alf. pol. 37; Th. i. 86, 3: L. Ath. iv; Th. i. 220, 24] :-- Ne dominus libero homini hlafordsoknam interdicat si eum recte custodierit, L. Ath. ii. 4; Th. i. 216, 25: iii. 5; Th. i. 218, 25.
hláford-swica, an; m. A betrayer of his lord, a traitor to his lord :-- Se man ðe ðis gefæst ne þearf hé him ná ondrǽdan hellewítan bútan hé beó hláfordswica the man that keeps this fast need not fear the pains of hell, unless he be a traitor to his lord, Lchdm. iii. 228, 24. Hér sind on earde on mistlíce wísan hláfordswican manige here in the land are in divers manners many traitors, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 107, 88: 110, 176. [Laym. lauerd-, louerd-swike traitor.]
hláford-swice, es; m. Treachery to a lord, treason :-- Ealra mǽst hláfordswice se biþ on worulde ðæt man his hláfordes sáwle beswíce and full mycel hláfordswice eác biþ ðæt man his hláford of lífe forrǽde oððe of lande lifigendne drífe the greatest treachery in the world against one's lord is to betray his soul, and very great treachery also is it to deprive him of life, or to drive him from the country alive, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 107, 88. v. hláford-searu.
hláf-sénung, e; f. Blessing of bread, which took place on August first or Lammas-day :-- On ðam ylcan dæge [Aug. 1] æt hláfsénunga, Shrn. 112, 8. v. hláf-mæsse.
hlagol; adj. Apt to laugh, Lye.
hlanc; adj. Lank, lean, gaunt: -- Ðæs se hlanca gefeah wulf in walde at that rejoiced the gaunt wolf in the wood, Judth. 11; Thw. 24, 25; Jud. 205. Swá ðú on hrime setest hlance cylle sicut uter in pruina, Ps. Th. 118, 83.
hland, hlond, es; n. Urine, Lchdm. i. 362, 18: ii. 40, 20: 156, 14. [Icel. hland.]
hleahtor, hlehter, es; m. Laughter :-- Hleahter risus, Wrt. Voc. 83, 35. Ða gesíðas wóp and hleahtor the comrades weeping and laughter, Salm. Kmbl. 695; Sal. 347: Beo. Th. 1226; B. 611. Hie habbaþ suá micle méde óðerra monna gódra weorca suá wé habbaþ ðæs hleahtres ðonne wé hliehaþ gligmonna unnyttes cræftes sic eis virtutum sanctitas, sicut stultis spectatoribus ludicrarum artium valutas placet, Past. 34, 2; Swt. 231, 6. Ðú ús gesettest tó hleahtre and tó forsewennesse eallum ðǽm ðe ús ymbsittaþ posuisti nos derisu et contemptu his qui in circuitu nostro sunt, Ps. Th. 43, 15. Hé wæs heáfde becorfen for scondfulles gebeórscypes hleahtre he [John the Baptist] had his head cut off for the amusement of a shameful feast, Shrn. 123, 8. Be hleahtre ðe of milte cymþ of laughter that cometh from the spleen, L. M. 2, 36; Lchdm. ii. 142, 21. Hé ne sceal sprecan ýdelu word ða ðe unnytte hleahtor up áhebben ne hé eác sceal lufigean micelne and ungemetlícne cancettende hleahtor, L. E. I. 21; Th. ii. 416, 35. Se herewísa hleahtor álegde the host's leader hath put away laughter [is dead], Beo. Th. 6033; B. 3020. Hleahtor álegdon dá hí swíðra oferstág weard they put away laughter when a stronger guard had overcome them, Exon. 35 b; Th. 116, 1; Gú. 200. God mé worhte hlehter risum fecit mihi deus, Gen. 21, 6, Hwǽr beóþ ða ungemetlícan hleahtras where are the immoderate laughings, Blickl. Homl. 59, 18: 195, 15. [Laym. lehtre: A. R. leihtres, pl: Icel. hlátr: O. H. Ger. hlahter risus.]
hleahtor-bǽre; adj. Given to laughter, Lye.
hleahtor-full; adj. Scornful, derisive :-- Geþence ǽlc ðara tǽlendra and hleahterfulra let every one that blames and derides reflect, Guthl. prol.; Gdwin. 2, 14.
hleahtor-líc; adj. Ridiculous :-- Gif hé hér hwylc hleahterlíc word onfinde if he here find any ridiculous word, Guthl. prol.; Gdwin. 2, 12.
hleahtor-smiþ, es; m. One who causes laughter, mirth, joy :-- Wóp wæs wíde worulddreáma lyt wǽron hleahtorsmiþum handa belocne widespread was the wailing and little of this world's joys, the hands of those who wrought laughter were closed, Cd. 144; Th. 180, 10; Exod. 43.
hleápan; p. hleóp, pl. hleópon and hlupon [cf. Icel. hlupu]; pp. hleápen To LEAP, jump, dance, run :-- Ic hleápe salio, Ælfc. Gr. 30; Som. 34, 45. Ðonne hleápþ se healta swá swá heort the lame shall leap as a hart, Homl. Th. ii. 16, 18. Se ðe hleápeþ he who dances, Exon. 88 b; Th. 332, 11; Vy. 83. Hé hleóp on ðæs cyninges stédan ascendens emissarium regis, Bd. 2, 13; S. 517, 9: 3, 9; S. 534, 3. Roger hét án of heom se hleóp into ðam castele æt Norþwíc Roger was the name of one of them, he threw himself into the castle at Norwich, Chr. 1087; Erl. 224, 34. Hér Eádwine eorl and Morkere eorl hlupon út and mislíce férdon on wuda and feldon in this year earl Edwin and earl Morcere fled away and went different ways through wood and open country, 1072; Erl. 210, 26. Ðæt hie ne hliépen unwillende on ðæt scorene clif unþeáwa per multa, quæ non appetunt, iniquitatum abrupta rapiuntur, Past. 33, 1; Swt. 214, 7. Lege on ða wunde gyf heó tósomne hleápan wolde lay on the wound if it be ready to close up [cf. Icel. sárið var hlaupit í sundr], Herb. 90, 13; Lchdm. i. 198, 2. Hwílum hleápan léton on geflit faran fealwe mearas at times they made their fallow steeds run, contend on the course, Beo. Th. 1733; B. 864, Hé á wæs gangende and hleápende ambulans et exsiliens, Bd. 5, 2; S. 615, 23. Heó him beforan hleápende wæs the hind kept running before them, Lchdm. iii. 426. 32. Herodes swór ðæt hé wolde ðære hleápendan déhter forgyfan swá hwæt swá heó bǽde Herod swore that he would give the dancing daughter whatever she asked, Homl. Th. i. 452, 34. [Laym. lepen; p. pl. leopen, lupen: Orm. læpen; subj. p. lupe: Ayenb. lheape; p. lhip: Piers P. lepen; p. pl. lope: Chauc. lepe; p. lep, leep: Goth. us-hlaupan to leap up: O. Sax. a-hlópan: O. Frs. hlápa; Icel. hlaupa to leap; also to run: O. H. Ger. hlaufan currere: Ger. laufen.] DER. á-, æt-, be-, ge-, ofer-hleápan.
hleápere, es; m. A leaper, dancer, runner, courier :-- Hleápere saltator, Wrt. Voc. 73, 70. Tuegen hleáperas Ælfréd cyning sende mid gewritum king Alfred sent two couriers with letters, Chr. 889; Erl. 86, 23. [Prompt. Parv. lepare or rennare cursor: Scot. land-louper: Icel. hlaupari a courser, charger: O. H. Ger. loufari circumcellio, cursor: Ger. laufer.]
hleápestre, an; f. A dancer; saltatrix, Wrt. Voc. 73, 71.
hleápe-wince, an; f. The lap-wing :-- Hleápewince cucurata, Wrt. Voc. 62, 22: cucu, 280, 27. [Ayenb. lhap-wynche: Gower. lappe-winke: Prompt. Parv. lappe-wynge, lap-wynke upipa: Wick. lap-, leep-winke.]
hleáppettan; p. te To leap up: :-- Hé ongunne hleápettan exsiliens, Bd. 5, 2; S. 615, 22.
hleápung, e; f. Leaping, dancing :-- Herodias swá mǽres mannes deáþ to gife hire déhter hleápunge underféng Herodias received as a gift for her daughter's dancing the death of so illustrious a man, Homl. Th. i. 488, 3: 480, 35.
hlec; adj. Having cracks or rents :-- Hlec, rimosus, scissurosus, Hpt. Gl. 529. Swíðe lytlum síceraþ ðæt wæter and swíðe dégellíce on ðæt hlece scip, and ðeáh hit wilnaþ ðæs ilcan ðe sió hlúde ýþ déþ on ðære hreón sǽ búton hit mon ǽr útáweorpe hoc agit sentina latenter excrescens, quod patenter procella sæviens, Past. 57, 1; Swt. 437, 15.
hlecan; p. hlæc [?] To join, unite, cohere :-- Swá eác his folgeras swá hie unwiðerweardran and gemódran beóþ swá hie swíður hlecaþ tósomne and eác fæstor tósomne beóþ gefégde tó gódra manna hiénþe sequaces quippe illius, quo nulla inter se discordiæ adversitate divisi sunt, eo in bonorum gravius nece glomerantur, Past. 47, 3; Swt. 361, 20.
hléda, hléde; m. A seat :-- Ðes hléda, hléde sedile, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 2; Som. 8, 26.
hleglende [= hlegiende, cf. (?) hlehhan or hlégiende, cf. (?) hlówan] sonans, Cot. 24, Lye.
hlehhan, hlæhan, hlihhan, hlichan, hlihan. hlihgan; p. hlóh; pl. hlógan To LAUGH [with gladness or contempt], to deride :-- Ic hliche rideo, Ælfc. Gr. 26, 3; Som. 28, 53: 47; Som. 47, 15. Hé gedép ðæt wé hlihhaþ on morgen ad matutinum lætitia, Ps. Th. 29, 5. Eádgo ða ðe nú gie woepeþ forðon gie hlæheþ beati qui nunc fletis quia ridebitis, Lk. Skt. Lind. 6, 21. Wǽ iúh ða ðe hlǽhas forðon gie woepaþ væ vobis qui ridetis nunc quia lugebitis, 25. Hlihgaþ, Homl. Th. i. 180, 14. Hlihaþ, Blickl. Homl. 25, 23. Hliehaþ, Past. 27; Swt. 187, 19. Ðonne wé hliehaþ gligmonna unnyttes cræftes when we laugh at the useless art of gleemen, 34, 1; Swt. 231, 7. Ne hlóh ic ná ... ac ðú hlóge non risi ... sed risisti, Gen. 18, 15. Ðú hlóge and ic weóp thou didst laugh and I wept, L. E. I. pref; Th. ii. 398, 15. Se eorl wæs ðé blíðra hlóh ðá, Byrht. Th. 136, 6; By. 147: Judth. 10; Thw. 21, 17; Jud. 23: Cd. 33: Th. 45, 10; Gen. 724. Hlógun ɫ téldon hine deridebant eum, Lk. Skt. Lind. 8, 53. Ða apostoli hlógon ðæra deófla leásunga and se ealdorman cwæþ mé stent ege ðysse andsware and ge hlihaþ the apostles laughed at the devils' lying words, and the general said 'Fear comes upon me at this answer, and you laugh,' Homl. Th. ii. 482, 25. Ealle geseónde mé hlógon on bysmor omnes videntes me deriserunt me, Ps. Lamb. 21, 8: Exon. 120 a; Th. 160, 22; Hö. 21. Ðeáh ðé mon hwylces hlihge and ðú ðé unscyldigne wite ne réhst ðú hwæt hý rǽdon hý teóþ ðé ðæs ðe hý sylfe habbaþ though you are derided [or blamed?] for anything, and know yourself to be innocent, you shall not care what they say; they accuse you of what they have themselves, Prov. Kmbl. 12. Hé sǽde ðæt hé gesáwe crist selfne and ðæt hé him hlóge tó he said that he saw Christ himself, and that he smiled upon him, Shrn. 70, 9. Hlehhan ne þorftun they had no need to laugh, Chr. 937; Erl. 114, 13; Æðelst. 47. Ne þorfton hlúde hlihhan, Cd. 4; Th. 5, 17; Gen. 73. Hwæt sceal ic ðonne búton hlehchan [Cot. MS. hliehhan] ðæs ðonne gé tó lose weorþaþ what shall I do but laugh at it, when you come to ruin; ego quoque in interitu vestro ridebo, Past. 36, 1; Swt. 249, 1. Forðon hí hlyhhan mǽgen for this reason they can laugh, L. M. 2, 36; Lchdm. ii. 242, 24. Ða deóflu sægdon hlúde hlihhende the devils said, laughing loudly, Homl. Th. ii. 350, ILLEGIBLE 376, 5; Herb. 9; Lchdm. i. 98, 27. Hlichende, Ælfc. Gr. 48; Som. 49, 18. Mid hlihendum múþe with a smile on his lips, Homl. Th ILLEGIBLE; Elen. Kmbl. 1986; El. 995. Ðǽm hlæhendum ridentibus, Lk. Skt. ILLEGIBLE 5, 7 [Orm. lahhʒhenn. Laym. lehʒen, lihʒen; p. loh, pl. loʒen: A. R. lauhwen: Ayenb. lheʒʒe: Piers P. Chauc. laughen: Wick. ILLEGIBLE p. leiʒede; Goth. hlahjan; p. hlóh: O. Sax. hlahan; p. hlóg, pp. hlagan O. Frs. hlaka, p. hlackade: Icel. hlæja, p. hló, pl. hlógu; pp. hleginn: O. H. Ger. hlahan; p. hlóc: Ger. lachen.] DER. a-, be, bí-hlehhan.
hlem, mes; m. A sound, noise, crash :-- Nán monn ne gehiérde ne æxe hlem ne biétles suég absque mallei sonitu, Past. 36, 5; Swt. 253, 17. [Cf Icel. hlam; n. a dull, heavy sound; hlamman crash, din.] DER. hilde-, inwit-, uht-, wæl-hlem.
hlemman; p. de To cause to sound, to clash :-- Hé ymbe ða herehúþe hlemmeþ tógædre grimme góman about the prey he clashes his fierce jaws together, Exon. 97 b; Th. 363, 30; Wal. 61. [O. Sax. hlamon: Icel. hlamma: O. H. Ger. hlamon crepitare.] v. hlimman.
hlenca or hlence, an; m. or f. A link, a chain of links, a coat of mail formed with links or rings [cf. hringlocen serce and other compounds of hring] :-- Moyses bebeád frecan árísan habban heora hlencan beran beorht searo Moses bade the warriors arise, take their coats of mail, bear their bright arms, Cd. 153; Th. 191, 21; Exod. 218. Cf. L. M. 3, 55; Lchdm. ii. 342, 4; gif men sió heáfodpanne beó gehlenced if a man's skull seem to be iron-bound, [Icel. hlekkr; m. a link, a chain of links: Dan. lænke.] v. wæl-hlenca.
hlenor-teár, es; m. Hyssop: -- Hlenorteáre hyssopo, Ps. Lamb. 508.
hleomoc, hleomoce, an; f. Brook-lime, Lchdm. Gloss. ii. iii.
hleonaþ, hleonian, hleonung. v. hlinaþ, hlinian, hlinung.
hleór, es; n. A cheek, face :-- Hleór malæ, Ælfc. Gl. 71; Som. 70, 79; Wrt. Voc. 43, 12. Hleór maxilla, Wrt. Voc. 70, 38: facies, 282, 37: Exon. 90 a; Th. 337, 18; Gn. Ex. 66: 29 a; Th. 88, 5; Cri. 1435. On ðám nósum oððe on ðam hleóre on the nose or on the cheek, Herb. 2, 18; Lchdm. i. 86, 2: L. Ethb. 46; Th. i. 14, 11. Dó his hleór xxx síðum tó eorþan vultum suum xxx vicicus ad terram inclinet, L. Ecg. C. 5; Th. ii. 138, 8: Exon. 37 b; Th. 122, 13; Gú. 305: Elen. Kmbl. 2195; El. 1099: Cd. 107; Th. 140, 33; Gen. 2337. [Laym. leores, pl: A. R. leor: Piers P. lere: O. Sax. hlior, hlier, hlear, hleor: Icel. hlýr cheek.]
-hleór; suffix in adjectives blác-, dreórig-, fæted-, swátig-, teárig-hleór.
hleór-bán, es; n. Cheek-bone, temple :-- Þunwængum ɫ hleórbánum temporibus, Ps. Lamb. 131, 5.
hleór-beran :-- Eofor lic scionon [o]fer hleor beran gehroden golde fat [and] fyr heard feth wearde heold. Beo. Th. 612-6; B. 303-5. Grein and Heyne take hleor beran as a compound, the former explaining 'was auf dem Gesicht getragen wird, Helmvisier? [oder faciei munimentum?]' the latter rendering it cheek. Thorpe reads bæron, Kemble beran, an infinitive after scionon = they seemed [?]. But may not the verb on which beran depends be gewiton, v. 607, vv. 608-11 be parenthetical, and scionon an adverb, the passage then being translated thus, they went bearing above their faces the boar's shape, fairly [scionon] adorned with gold?
hleór-bolster, es; m. A cushion for the cheek, pillow, Beo. Th. 1381; B 688. [Cf. heáfod-bolster.]
hleór-dropa, an; m. A tear, Exon. 52 a; Th. 182, 24; Gú. 1315. [Cf. Icel. hlýra skúrir tears.]
hleór-sceamu, e; f. Shame or confusion of face, Ps. Th. 68, 8.
hleór-slæge, -slege, es; m. A blow on the cheek or face :-- Hleórslægeas hé underféng alapas accepit, Past. 36, 9; Swt. 261, 6.
hleótan; p. hleát, pl. hluton. I. to cast lots :-- Ic hleóte sortior, Ælfc. Gr. 31; Som. 35, 55. Ðá hluton ða consulas hwelc hiera ǽrest ðæet gewinn underfénge. Ðá gehleát hit Quintus Flaminius then the consuls cast lots which of them should first undertake that war. Then the lot fell to Quintus Flaminius, Ors. 4, 11; Swt. 202, 33. Ðonne seó tíd gewinnes and gefeohtes com ðonne hluton hí mid tánum tó ðám ealdormannum and swá hwylc heora swá him se tán ætýwde ðonne gecuron hí ðone him tó heretogan Satrapæ, ingruente belli articulo mittunt æqualtier sortes, et quemcumque sors ostenderit hunc tempore belli ducem omnes sequuntur, Bd. 5, 10; S. 624, 24. Léton tán wísian hluton hellcræftum. Andr. Kmbl. 2205; An. 1104. Uton hleótan sortiamur, Jn. Skt 19, 24. II. to obtain by lot, get a share, share in, participate, obtain. :-- Ðæs ðú gife hleótest háligne hyht gif ... for that shall thou obtain grace and holy hope, if ..., Andr. Kmbl. 960; An. 480. Hé feorhwunde hleát he got a mortal wound, Beo. Th. 4760; B. 2385. Hí dóm hlutan eádigne upwæg they obtained glory, a blessed ascension, Menol. Fox 382; Men. 192. Ða Godes þeówas on Israhéla þeóde náne landáre hleótan ne móston to the servants of God among the people of Israel might not be allotted any landed possessions, Homl. Th. ii. 224, 5. Hé sceolde þurh deáþes cyme dómes hleótan he was to gain glory through the coming of death, Exon. 47 a; Th. 160, 18; Gú. 945: 48 a; Th. 164, 20; Gú. 1014: 74 b; Th. 280, 1; Jul. 622: Runic pm. 1; Kmbl. 339, 6. Leánum hleótan to obtain rewards, Exon. 19 a; Th. 49, 10; Cri. 783. [O. Sax. hliotan: Icel. hljóta to get: O. H. Ger. hliozan sortiri.] DER. ge-hleótan.
hleóðor, es; a. I. hearing :-- Ontýn eárna hleóðor ðæt gehérnes hehtful weorðe on gefeán blíðse forþweard tó ðé auditui meo dabis gaudium et lætitiam, Ps. C. 50, 77; Ps. Grn. ii. 278, 77. [Cf. Icel. hljóð, e.g. gefa hljóð, biðja hljóðs to give, ask for, a hearing: Goth. hliuþ.] II. what is heard, sound, noise, voice, speech, song :-- Ðá hleóðor cwom býman stefne ofer burhware when the sound came of the voice of the trumpet over the city-dwellers, Cd. 181; Th. 226, 29; Dan. 178: Exon. 86 b; Th. 325, 2; Víd. 105: 94 b; Th. 353, 46; Reim. 28: Andr. Kmbl. 3101; An. 1553. Heofonlíce hleóðor gehýred wæs a heavenly voice was heard, Exon. 52 a; Th. 181, 22; Gú. 1297: Cd. 162; Th. 204, 6; Exod. 417: Andr. Kmbl. 1478; An. 740. Hleóðor háligra the voice of saints, Exon. 65 b; Th. 241, 14; Ph. 656: 108 b; Th. 414, 9; Rä. 32, 17. Biþ ðæs hleóðres swég eallum songcræftum swétra the sound of its voice is sweeter than all singing, 57 b; Th. 206, 24; Ph. 131: 52 a; Th. 181, 15; Gú. 1293. Heriaþ hine on hleóðre béman laudate eum in sono tubæ, Ps. Th. 150, 3: 107, 2: Exon. 104 a; Th. 395, 8; Rä. 15, 4. Him brego sægde æt hleóðre hwæt hé freman wolde in speech with him the Lord told him what he meant to do, Cd. 64; Th. 78, 8; Gen. 1290. Ic onhyrge gúþfugles hleóðor I imitate the war bird's [eagle's] voice, 106 b; Th. 406, 22; Rä. 25, 5: 81 b; Th. 307, 8; Seef. 20: 49 b; Th. 171, 19; Gú. 1129: 42 b; Th. 143, 7; Gú. 657. Hleóðra wyn the delightful sound of the voices heard in heaven, 56 a; Th. 198, 18; Ph. 12. Stefnum herigaþ hálgum hleóðrum heofoncyninges þrym with voices and holy songs they praise the glory of heaven's king, Andr. Kmbl. 1445; An. 723: Bt. Met. Fox 13, 94; Met. 13, 47: Exon. 46 a; Th. 156, 22; Gú. 878: Cd. 81; Th. 102, 1; Gen. 1693. [O. H. Ger. hlioda sonitus: cf. also Icel. hljóð sound; hljóðan a sound, tune: Dan. lyd: Swed. ljud.] DER. efen-, ofer-, swég-, word-hleóðor.
hleóðor-cwide, -cwyde, es; m. A saying, vocal utterance, words, speech, discourse: :-- Ic ðæt gehýre þurh ðínne hleóðorcwide ðæt ... I learn from thy words that ..., Exon 72 b; Th. 270, 7; Jul. 461; Beo. Th. 3962; B. 1979. Éces word hálges hleóðorcwide. Exon. 61 b; Th. 226, 1; Ph. 399; Andr. Kmbl. 1786; An. 895. Bodan þurh hleóðorcwide hyrdum cýðdon messengers made known to the shepherds by speech, Exon. 14 a; Th. 28, 21; Cri. 450. Hleóðorcwyde, Cd. 179; Th. 225, 16; Dan. 155: 190; Th. 236, 5; Dan. 316: 109; Th. 143, 20; Gen. 2382. Þurh hleóðorcwidas, Exon. 53 b; Th. 187, 18; Az. 32. Hleóðorcwydas, Cd. 107; Th. 141, 1; Gen. 2338. Wuton wuldrian weorada Dryhten hálgan hlióðorcwidum let us glorify the Lord of hosts with holy songs, Hy. 8, 2; Hy. Grn. ii. 290, 2. Andreas herede hleóðorcwidum háliges láre Andrew praised with his words the doctrine of the holy one, Andr. Kmbl. 1637; An. 820. Æfter hleóðorcwidum according to the words, 3240; An. 1623. [Cf. meðel-cwide.]
hleóðor-cyme, es; m. A coming that is attended with sound [of trumpets; cf. hleóðor cwom býman stefne, v. hleóðor], the coming of an army: :-- Hie iudéa blǽd forbrǽcon billa ecgum and þurh hleóðorcyme herige genámon beorhte frætwe ðá hie tempel strudon they destroyed the glory of the Jews with the edge of the sword, and by their coming took with their host the bright ornaments, when they spoiled the temple, Cd. 210; Th. 260. 15; Dan. 710. [Cf. þrym-cyme a glorious coming.] Thorpe and Bouterwek translate oraculum, prophetia; Grein takes cyme as a separate word, and as an adjective.
hleóðor-stede, es; m. A place where words have been spoken, Cd. 109; Th. 145, 1; Gen. 2399. [Cf. meðel-stede.] Guthl. 5; Gdwin. 36, 4. Ic gehýrde ðæt hit hleóðrode I heard that it [the cross] uttered a sound, Rood Kmbl. 52: Kr. 26. Hit hleóðrode ðá swíðe tóward Haraldes the general voice was very much in favour of Harold, Chr. 1036; Erl. 164, 28. Hyre stefn oncwæþ word hleóðrade her a voice addressed, a word was heard, Exon. 69 b; Th. 259, 17; Jul. 283: Andr. Kmbl. 2860. An. 1432. Hé wæs ðæra worda wel gemyndig ðe hé hleóðrade tó Abrahame memor fuit verbi quod locutus est ad Abraham, Ps. Th. 104. 37. Fýnd ðíne hleóðrodon inimici tui sonnerunt, Ps. Spl. C. 82, 2 Hí ealle samod mid gedrémum sange Godes wuldor hleóðrodon they all together with melodious song sounded the glory of God, Homl. Th. i. 38, 7. Swá hleóðrodon so spake, Andr Kmbl. 1383; An. 691. Eáran habbaþ ne hí áwiht mágon holdes gehýran ðeah ðe him hleóðrige aures habent et non audient, Ps. Th. 134, 17. Hé sæde ðæt hé openlíce hí gehýrde betwyh óðer leóþ monig hleóðrian and singan referre erat solitus, quod aperte eos inter alia resonare audiret, Bd. 3, 19; S. 547. 37. Ongan ðá hleóðrian helle deófol hwæt is ðis la manna then exclaimed the devil of hell: Lo! what man is this, Elen. Kmbl. 1798; El. 901. Múþ habbaþ and ne mágon wiht hleódrian os habent, et non loquentur, Ps. Th. 113, 13. Hleóðrian increpare, redarguere, Cot. 51, 105, Lye. Mid hleóðrigende dreáme consona vocis harmonia, Hpt. Gl. 467. Hleóðriyndum sonantibus, Ps. Spl. C. 150, 5. [Cf. Icel. hljóða to sound, cry out.]
hleóðrung, e; f. Speaking, reproving, reproof :-- Ná hæbbende on múþe his hleóðrunga non habens in ore suo redargutiones, Ps. Spl. 37, 15.
hleów, hleó, es; n. A shelter, protection, covering, refuge; often applied to persons :-- Dægscealdes hleó the sun's [cf. Icel. himin-targa = the sun] covering, i.e. the pillar of cloud, Cd. 146; Th. 182, 22; Exod. 79. God hleó þarfendra deus, refugium pauperum, Rtl. 40, 25. Constantínus æðelinga hleó, Elen. Kmbl. 198; El. 99. Beorna hleó éce ælmihtig, Exon. 69 b; Th. 258, 28; Jul. 272. Duguþa hleó [Guthlac], 48 a; Th. 165, 26; Gú. 1034. Wes earmra hleó be a refuge for the poor, Cd. 203; Th. 252, 32; Dan. 587. Eorla hleó [Beowulf], Beo. Th. 1586; B. 791: Hrothgar, 2074; B. 1035: 3736; B. 1866: Exon. 100 b; Th. 379, 30: Deór. 41. Tó ðam bisceope reordode: Ðú eorla hleó, Elen. Kmbl. 2145; El. 1074. Freónda hleó [Guthlac], Exon. 47 b; Th. 162, 33; Gú. 985. Sóþne god gǽsta hleó, 66 b; Th. 245, 23; Jul. 49. Hæleþa hleó [Byrhtnoth], Byrht. Th. 133, 62; By. 74. Heriga helm wígena hleó [Constantine], Elen. Kmbl. 300; El. 150. Wígendra hleó [Hrothgar], Beo. Th. 863; B. 429: [Sigemund], 1803; B. 899: [Beowulf], 3949; B. 1972: Andr. Kmbl. 1011; An. 506: [Andrew], 1792; An. 898. Ðú eart weoroda god wígendra hleó, Exon. 13 b; Th. 25, 31; Cri. 409, Wíggendra hleó Eádmund cyning, Chr. 942; Erl. 116, 18; Edm. 12. Ðonne hí tó his húse hleówes wilniaþ when they desire shelter at his house, Ps. Th. 108, 10. Under hleó under shelter, Cd. 209; Th. 259, 13; Dan. 691: Exon. 16 b, Th. 38, 13; Cri. 606: 61 a; Th. 224, 11; Ph. 374: Andr. Kmbl. 1664; An. 834: Elen. Kmbl. 1011; El. 507. Ðe hé of hleó sende whom he sent from the shelter [of heaven], Cd. 5; Th. 7, 7; Gen. 102. Eallum tó hleó as a refuge for all, Exon. 25 a; Th. 73, 29; Cri. 1197: Andr. Kmbl. 221; An. 111: 1133; An. 567. Uton gán on ðisne weald innan on ðisses holtes hleó let us go into this wood, into the shelter of this grove, Cd. 39; Th. 52, 7; Gen. 840: Exon. 62 a; Th. 227, 26; Ph. 429. Hé him beád his recedes hleów he offered them the shelter of his house, Cd. 112; Th. 147, 18; Gen. 2441. Ðæt hé ðonne stán nime wið hungres hleó hláfes ne gýme that he should take a stone then as a protection against hunger, and care not for the bread, Elen. Kmbl. 1228; El. 616. [O. Sax. hleo in waldes hleo: O. Frs. hlí: Icel. hlé; n. lee (a sea-term.) Cf. also Icel. hlý warmth; hlýr warm; hlýja to shelter: Goth. hlija a tent.] DER. hús-, turf-hleów.
hleówan, hleón, hlýwan; p. de. I. to make warm, cherish, protect, shelter :-- Ðære sunnan hǽto ðe ðás eorðan hlýweþ the heat of the sun which warms this earth, Blickl. Homl. 51, 21. Wudubearwas eorþwelan hleóþ [cf. holtes hleó; or is rén the subject of the verb?] the groves protect the earth's wealth, Exon 54 a; Th. 191, 8; Az. 85. Se king ðǽr sæt hleówwinde hine beo ðan fýre the king sat there warming himself by the fire, Shrn. 16, 16. [Icel. hlýja to cover, shelter, make warm.] II. to become warm :-- Gif hit wæter sý hǽte man hit óþ hit hleówe tó wylme if it be water let it be heated until it become so warm as to boil, L. Ath. iv. 7: Th. i. 226, 14. v. hleów, hleówe, gehlýwan.
hleów-bord, es; n. A board which serves for covering or protection [the binding of a book], Exon 107 a; Th. 408, 14; Rä. 27, 12.
hleów-burh; gen. -burge; f. A city which affords shelter, protection, Beo. Th. 1828; B. 912: 3467; B. 1731.
hleów-dryhten, es; m. A lord who protects, a patron, Exon. 86 a; Th. 324, 13; Wíd. 94.
hleówe; adj. Warm, sheltered :-- Gefere ðæne mannan on swíðe fæstne cleofan and wearmne gereste him swíðe wel hleówe ðǽr and wearme gléda bere man gelóme inn carry the man into a room very fast shut and warm, let him rest himself there quite warm and snug, and let warm coals be often carried in, L. M. 2, 59; Lchdm. ii. 280, 12. [Cf. Icel. hlúa að emum to make one warm and snug; hlýr, hlær, warm, mild: Wick. lew lukewarm] DER. ge-, un-hleówe.
hleów-fæst; adj. Sheltering, protecting :-- Heah gæst hleófæst exalted and sheltering spirit, Exon. 13 a; Th. 22, 27; Cri. 358.
hleów-feðer, e; f. A sheltering wing :-- Gefór hleówfeðrum þeaht journeyed covered by [his creator's] sheltering wings, Cd. 131; Th. 165, 31; Gen. 2740
hleów-hræscnes? :-- Miclode ofor mé hleohræscnesse ɫ forcæncednysse magnificavit super me supplantationem, Ps. Lamb. 40, 10.
hleów-leas; adj. Not having or not affording shelter, protection, comfort, cheerless :-- Ða ðe hleóleásan wíc wunedon those who had occupied a cheerless dwelling, Andr. Kmbl. 261: An. 131. Ne mótun hí on eorþan eardes brúcan ac hy hleoleáse háma þohaþ they may not enjoy a home on earth but shelterless lose their dwellings, Exon. 35 b; Th. 115, 21; Gú. 193.
hleów-lora weorþan to become unprotected, Cd. 92; Th. 117, 14; Gen. 1953.
hleów-mǽg, es; m. A near relation, one who is bound to offer shelter or help [?], Cd. 48; Th. 61, 34; Gen. 1007: 75; Th. 94, 3; Gen. 1556: 78; Th. 96, 16; Gen. 2596: 76; Th. 95, 21; Gen. 1582; Exon. 81 b; Th 307, 18; Seef. 25
hleów-sceorp, es; n. A protecting garment, Exon. 103 a; Th. 391, 15; Rä. 10, 5
hleów-stede, es; m. A sheltered, warm place :-- Hleówstede apricus locus, Wrt. Voc. 86, 24.
hleów-stól, es; m. A place of protection, one's native city :-- Síðedon fǽmnan and wuduwan freóndum beslægene from hleówstóle damsels and widows bereft of friends journeyed from their sheltering home [of the people of Sodom driven from their city], Cd. 94; Th. 121, 16; Gen. 2011.
hleówþ, hleóþ, hlíwþ, hlýwþ, e; f. Shelter, protection, warmth: :-- Hleówþ apricitas, Wrt. Voc. 86, 25. Ðonne him cælþ hé cépþ him hlýwðe when he gets cold he looks out for warmth, Hexam. 20; Norm. 28, 23. Tó neste bǽron heora briddum tó hleówþe bore it to their nest to shelter their young, Homl. Th. ii. 144, 23. Foresceáwian bigleofan and hleówþe to provide food and shelter, 462, 18. Hlýwþe, Basil admn. 9; Norm. 52, 23. Cold bæþ ongeán ða hlíwþe a cold bath to atone for the warmth, L. Pen. 16; Th. ii. 284, 5. Ða hlýwþe gódra weorca the shelter of good works, L. E. I. 32; Th. ii. 430, 24. Gé hyra hulpon and him hleóþ géfon ye helped them [the poor] and gave them shelter, Exon. 27 b; Th. 83, 11; Cri. 1354. [Laym. leoð protection.]
hleówung, hlýwing, e; f. Shelter, refuge :-- Hlýwing refugium, R. Conc. 11, Lye.
hlét, hliét, es; m. A lot; sors :-- Missenlíce hléte varia sorte, Bd. 2, 20; S. 521, 10. Be hléte sorte, Hpt. Gl. 426, Hé hí hæfþ oferstigene mid ðam hliéte his anwaldes quos sorte potestatis excesserit, Past. 17, 3; Swt. 111, 16. [Goth. hlauts; m. a lot: O. Sax. hlót; m: O. H. Ger. hlóz; m. n.] v. hlot, hlyt.
hlid, es; n. A lid, cover, the opening which is closed by the cover :-- Hlidd opertorium, Ps. Spl. 101, 28. Ðá lédon ða þegenas ðone Hǽlend ðǽron and mid hlide belucon úre ealra Álýsend then the thanes laid Jesus therein, and closed up with a cover the Redeemer of as all, Homl. Th. ii. 262, 4. Se engel áwylte ðæt hlid of ðære þryh the angel rolled away the cover from the tomb, i. 222, 8. Hé tóáwylte mycelne stán tó hlide ðære byrgene advolvit saxum magnum ad ostium monumenti, Mt. Kmbl. 27, 60. [Icel. hlið gate, gateway: O. H. Ger. hlit operculum.] DER. ge-hlid.
hlídan. v. be-, of-, on-, to-hlídan.
hlid-fæst; adj. Having a lid :-- Hió becwyþ Eádmǽre áne hlidfæsþe cuppan she bequeaths to Eadmer a cup with a lid, Chart. Th. 536, 4.
hlid-geat, es; n. A swing-gate, folding-door :-- On ðonæ stocc ðæ ðæt hlidgeat on hangodæ to the post that the swing-gate hung on, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 176, 13. Of ðam hlidgeate, 236, 35. Hlidgata valva, Ælfc. Gl. 29; Som. 61, 36; Wrt. Voc. 26, 35
hlifendre minium, Lye. hlifigende ofer sǽs brim whilst he was standing high up above the sea, Blickl. Homl. 143, 5. DER. ofer-hlifian.
hlígan or hligan? To allow one a reputation for anything, to give one glory :-- Ne forlét ðú úsic éce drihten for ðám miltsum ðe dec men hlígaþ forsake us not, eternal Lord, because of those mercies for which men account thee glorious, Cd. 190; Th. 235, 25; Dan. 311. Willaþ mid ðý gedón ðæt hie mon hlíge wísdómes they desire thereby to make men allow them a reputation for wisdom; doctrinæ sibi opinionem faciunt, Past. 48, 2; Swt. 367, 19. v. hlísa.
hligiung, e; f. Laughing, L. M. 2, 46; Lchdm. ii. 258, 20.
hlimman; p. hlamm; pl. hlummon To sound, roar [as the sea], clang, clash :-- Gársecg hlymmeþ the ocean roars, Andr. Kmbl. 784; An. 392. Hlimmeþ, Exon. 101 a; Th. 382, 2; Rä. 3, 5. Ðrǽd mé ne hlimmeþ the thread makes no sound to me, 109 a; Th. 417, 18; Rä. 36, 6. Scildas hlúde hlummon loud clanged the shields, Judth. 11; Thw. 24, 34; Jud. 205. Ic ne gehýrde bútan sǽ hlimman I heard nought but the sea roaring, Exon. 81 b; Th. 307, 4; Seef. 18. v. hlemman.
hlimme, an; f. A torrent :-- Dó him swá ðú dydest Madiane and Sisare swylce Jabin ealle ða námon Ændorwylle and Cisone clǽne hlimme fac illis sicut Madian et Sisaræ; sicut Jabin in torrente Cisson; disperierunt in Endor, Ps. Th. 82, 8. Ða ðe on wege weorðaþ wætres æt hlimman deópes ondrincaþ de torrente in via bibet, 109, 8. Oft úre sáwl swýðe frécne hlimman gedégde hlúdes wæteres torrentem pertransivit anima nostra, 123, 4: 125, 4. v. hlimman; and cf. hlyn.
hlinap, hleonaþ, es; m. A place to lie down in :-- Ic getimbre hús and hleonaþ, Exon. 36 a; Th. 117, 10; Gú. 222.
hlín-bedd, es; n. A couch :-- Fundon on sande sáwulleásne hlin- [MS. hlim-] bed healdan they found him without life occupying his couch, Beo. Th. 6060; B. 3034. [Cf. O. H. Ger. hlína recubitus, accubitus, reclinatorium.]
hlinc, es; m. I. a link, linch, rising ground; 'agger limitaneus, parœchias, etc, dividens,' Junius. The word occurs in the charters, e.g. :-- Of ðere díc on þornhlinch; ðanone on dynes hlinch; of ðam hlince, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 223, 29. Ðanon on ðone miclan hlinc, Chart. Th. 160, 24. Fearnhlinc, landsore hlinc, sweord hlincas, wotan hlinc are other instances of its occurrence. In later times, the word is given with a similar sense in provincial glossaries, e.g. in Suffolk some woods are called links: linchets grass partitions in arable fields, Lisle: linch a bawke or litele strip of land, to bound the fields in open countries, Pegge's Kenticisms. v. E. D. S. Publications, and Halliwell's Dict. II. a hill, rising ground :-- Beorgas ne muntas steápe ne stondaþ ne stánclifu heah hlifiaþ ne dene ne dalu ne dúnscrafu hlǽwas ne hlincas nec tumulus crescit nec cava vallis hiat, Exon. 56 a; Th. 199, 13; Ph. 25. Heá hlincas, 101 b; Th. 384, 7; Rä. 4, 24.
hlín-duru, a; f. A door formed of lattice-work, a grated door :-- Helle hlínduru [cf. Icel. Hel-grindr], Exon. 97 b; Th. 364, 29; Wal. 78. Geseh hé fore hlíndura hyrdas standan he saw guards standing before the grated door [of his prison]. Andr. Kmbl. 1985; An. 995. [Cf. O. H. Ger. hlínun, pl. cancelli, Grff. iv. 1096.]
hlinian, hleonian; p. ode To lean, bend, lie down, recline, rest :-- Ic hlinige cubo, Ælfc. Gr. 24; Som. 25, 55. Ne ðǽr hleonaþ unsméðes wiht nor does aught unsmooth rest there, Exod. 56 a; Th. 199, 14; Ph. 25. Ða ðe him godes egsa hleonaþ ofer heáfdum those on whose heads rests the fear of God, 33 b; Th. 106, 20; Gú. 44. Monige hleonigaþ mid Abraham multi recumbent cum Abraham, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 8, 11. Hlionigaþ [hlinigaþ, Lind.] ɫ restaþ accumbent, Lk. Skt. Rush. 13, 29. Hlionede hé in húse discumbente eo in domo, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 9, 10. Hleonede [hlionade, Lind.], 26, 20. Án ðæra leorning cnihta hlinode on ðæs hælendes bearme erat recumbens unus ex discipulis ejus in sinu iesu, Jn. Skt. 13, 23. Æt ðæm uferran ende Drihten hlinode Domino desuper innitente, Past. 16, 3; Swt. 101, 20. Ánra gehwylc hleonade wið handa each one leaned on his hand, Cd. 222; Th. 291, 19; Sat. 433. Ne hlina [hliona, Rush.] ðú non discumbas, Lk. Skt. Lind. 14, 8. Hí sécaþ ðæt hie fyrmest hlynigen æt ǽfengieflum primos in cœnis recubitus quærunt, Past. 1, 2; Swt. 27, 7. Hé fyrgenbeámas ofer hárne stán hleonian funde he found the mountain trees resting on the grey rock, Beo. Th. 2835; B. 1415. Ofer ða se hálga bisceop hlyniende forþférde cui incumbens obiit, Bd. 3, 17; S. 544, 18. Heó wæs hleonigende ofer hire ræste she was lying on her bed, Blickl. Homl. 145, 26. Fond hlingendne freán found his master lying in his bed, Exon. 49 b; Th. 171, 2; Gú. 1120. [Laym. leonede, p: A. R. leonie, subj: O. Sax. hlinon: O. H. Ger. hlinen obcumbere, incumbere, recumbere, inniti.] DER. ge-, on-hlinian: v. hlǽnan.
hlín-ræced, es; n. A place with grated doors, a prison, Andr. Kmbl. 2924; An. 1465: Exon. 69 a; Th. 257, 6; Jul. 243. [Cf. hlín-duru.]
hlín-scúa, -scúwa, an; m. The darkness of a prison, Andr. Kmbl. 2924; An. 1073: Exon. 73 b; Th. 275, 2; Jul. 544. v. preceding word.
hlinung, e; f. Leaning, resting, a couch :-- Hlinunge wiðersæc unfavourable to leaning, L. M. 2, 46; Lchdm. ii. 258, 20. Ða forman hlininga primos discubitos, Lk. Skt. 20, 46.
hlísa, hligsa, hliosa, an; m. Sound, rumour, report, reputation, renown, fame, glory :-- Hlísa fama, Wrt. Voc. 76, 1. Ðá férde hys hlísa intó ealle Syrian, abiit opinio ejus in totam Syrian, Mt. Kmbl. 4, 24. Ðes hlísa wearþ cúþ ðæra leóda cynegum ðe begeondan Iordane eardiende wǽron this report became known to the kings of the nations that were dwelling beyond Jordan, Jos. 9, 1. Hwæt is heora nú tó láfe bútan se lytla hlísa and se nama mid feáum stafum áwriten signat superstes fama tenuis pauculis inane nomen litteris, Bt. 19; Fox 70, 10: 68, 21, 4. Hí wilnodon ðæs hlísan æfter heora deáþe, 18, 4; Fox 68, 9. Sume hí gebycgaþ weorþlícne hlísan ðisses andweardan lífes mid heora ágnum deáþe forþam hí wénaþ ðæt hí næbben nán oðer fioh ðæs hlísan [hliosan, Bod.] wyrðe bútan hiora ágnum fiore nonnulli venerandum sæculi nomen, gloriosæ pretio mortis, emerunt, Bt. 39, 11; Fox 228, 27. Ðeáh ðé monig mon herige ne gelýf ðú him tó wel: ac ðæs hlísan þenc ðé silf hwæt ðæs sóþes sý though many men praise thee, do not believe them too much; but thyself consider how much of this reputation is true, Prov. Kmbl. 69. Gif wé mid hlýsan gódra weorca úrne Drihten sécaþ if we come to our Lord with the fame of good works, Homl. Th. i. 222, 4: Exon. 34 b; Th. 111, 17; Gú. 128: 33 a; Th. 105, 31; Gú. 31. Ðæt is ðonne ðæt mon his mearce brǽde ðæt mon his hligsan [hlísan, Hatt MS.] and his noman mǽrsige terminum vero suum dilatare est opinionis suæ nomen extendere, Past. 48, 2; Swt. 366, 13. Ðá gehýrde heó Salomones hlísan she heard of Solomon's fame, Homl. Th. ii. 584, 8: Exon. 54 a; Th. 191, 9; Az. 85. Gé gehýraþ gefeoht and gefeohta hlísan audituri estis prælia et opiniones præliorum, Mt. Kmbl. 24, 6. v. hlígan.
hlís-bǽre; adj. Famous, glorious, Som.
hlís-eádig; adj. Successful in acquiring fame, famous, renowned :-- Biþ hlíseádigra se ðe hit selþ ðonne se ðe hit gaderaþ: eác ða welan beóþ hlíseádigran ðonne ðonne hie mon selþ ðonne hie beón ðonne hí mon gaderaþ. Seó gítsung gedéþ heore gítseras láðe and ða cysta gedóþ ða hlíseádige hæc effundendo magis quam coacervando melius nitent: avaritia odiosos, claros largitas facit, Bt. 13; Fox 38, 11-17. Gif hé nǽre hlíseádig egere claritudine, 33, 1; Fox 120, 35.
hlíseádig-ness, e; f. Renown, celebrity; claritudo. Bt. 33, 1; Fox 122, 3.
hlís-ful; adj. Famous, of good repute, renown :-- Hlísful famosus vel opinosus, Ælfc. Gl. 82; Som. 73, 35; Wrt. Voc. 47, 39: famosus, Wrt. Voc. 75, 71. Ðý læs ðe hé wurde tó hlísful on worulde and ðæs heofenlícan lofes fremde wǽre lest he should become too famous in this world and be a stranger to the praise of heaven, Homl. Th. ii. 142. 26. Cumlíðnys is swíðe hlísful þing hospitality is a thing of very good repute, 286, 16. Hlísfulle weras men of renown, Gen. 6, 4.
hlísful-líce; adv. Gloriously :-- Óswold cyning his cynedðrn geheóld hlísfullíce king Oswald maintained his kingdom gloriously, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 99, 119.
hliþ, es; n. A slope, declivity. hill-side, hill :-- Of hliþes nósan from the promontory, Beo. Th. 3789; B. 1892: Exon. 123 b; Th. 473, 28; Bo. 22. Beneoþan ðæm hliþe under the hill, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 52, 15. Swá tó ðám westhliþe, 123, 5. Hie be hliþe heáre dúne eorþscræf fundon they found a cavern on the slope of a lofty hill, Cd. 122; Th. 156, 25; Gen. 2594. Weallsteápan hleoþu hills steep as walls, 86; Th. 108, 8; Gen. 1803. Hleoþo, 72; Th. 88, 3; Gen. 1459. Hleoþa, Exon. 101 a; Th. 382, 6; Rä. 3, 7. Hliþo, 130 a; Th. 498, 17; Rä. 88, 3. Beorgas steápe hleoþum hlifedon steep hills rose high with their slopes, Andr. Kmbl. 1681; An. 843. [Icel. hlíð a slope, mountain side: O. H. Ger. hlíta clivus: Ger. leite in cpds. Grff. iv. 1096.] DER. beorg-, burh-, fen-, heáh-, mist-, næs-, sand-, stán-, wulf-hliþ,
hlosnere, es; m. A listener; auscultator. Hpt. Gl. 461.
hlosnian; p. ode To listen, be silent in expectation of hearing, listen for the coming of a person, watch, await, be on the look out :-- Ða on sumere nihte hlosnode sum óðer munuc his færeldes and mid sleaccre stalcunge his fótswaðum filigde then one night another monk was on the watch for his going, and with stealthy tread followed his footsteps, Homl. Th. ii. 138, 5. Eoda ðá tó mæssan and hlosnode georne be ðære líflícan onsægednesse he went then to mass and waited eagerly for the living sacrifice, Homl. Swt. 3, 157. Æfter ðissum wordum weorud hlosnode swígodon ealle after these words the multitude listened [astonished or expectant], all were silent, Andr. Kmbl. 1522; An. 762. Ðæt folc hlosnende wæs gehérde hine populus suspensus erat audiens ilium, Lk. Skt. Lind. 19, 48. Hlosniend attonitus, Cot. 3, Lye. [Cf. O. H. Ger. hlosen audire, attendere, obedire, auscultari: hlosenti adtonitus.]
hlot, es; n. A lot, portion, share :-- Ðis hlot hæc sors, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 44; Som. 13, 3. Hig wurpon hlot ðǽr ofer sortem mittentes, Mt. Kmbl. 27, 35. Hlott, Mk. Skt. Lind. 15, 24. Hlott ɫ tán, Jn. Skt. Lind. 19, 24. Æfter gewunan ðæs sacerdhádes hlotes secundum consuetudinem sacerdoti sorte, Lk. Skt. 1, 9. Sel mé dǽl ɫ hlodd [hlott, Rush.] striónes da mihi portionem substantiæ, Lind. 15, 12. Hie sendon hlot him betweónum they cast lots among them, Blickl. Homl. 229, 5. Hlotu wurpon mittentes sortem, Mk. Skt. 15, 24: Lk. Skt. 23, 34. v. hlét, hlyt.
hlóþ, e; f. I. spoil, booty :-- Hé yteþ hlóþe comedet prædam, Bd. 1. 34: S. 499, 27. Mycle hlóþe þurh his láre and fulluhte ðam ealdan feónde áfyrde magnas antiquo hosti prædas docendo et baptizando eripuit, 2, 20; S. 522, 22. II. a band, troop, company, gang, crew, body of robbers: -- Þeófas wé hátaþ óþ vii men from vii hlóþ óþ xxxv siððan biþ here, L. In. 13; Th. i. 101, 13. Ðý geáre gegadrode on hlóþ wícenga in that year a gang of vikings collected, Chr. 879; Erl. 80. 28. Com ðá hǽðenra hlóþ háliges neósan then came a band of heathens visiting the saint, Andr. Kmbl. 2777; An. 1391: 3085; An. 1545. Feónda hlóþ a fiendish crew, Exon. 46 a; Th. 157, 5; Gú. 887. Gif mon twýhyndne mon unsynnigne mid hlóþe ofsleá gielde se ðæs sleges andetta síe wer and wíte and ǽghwelc mon ðe on síþe wǽre geselle xxx scill. tó hlóþbóte if any one in company with others slay an unoffending 'twyhynde' man let him who acknowledges the blow pay 'wer' and 'wite;' and let every one who was engaged in the matter pay thirty shillings as fine, L. Alf. pol. 29; Th. i. 80, 6-9. Ne cóman hig ná tó fiohtanne ac ðæt hig woldan mid hlóþe geniman they did not come to fight, but with the intention of robbing, Shrn. 38, 10. Gesch hé hǽðenra hlóþ, Andr. Kmbl. 1984; An. 994: 84; An. 42. Heó ðæt weorud ágeaf hlóþe of ðam hátan hreþre she gave up that multitude, troops from her hot bosom, Exon. 24 b; Th. 71, 29; Cr. 1163: 75 b; Th. 283, 6; Jnl. 676. Hé ðá his here on tú tódǽlde sum ymb ða burg sætt and hé mid sumum hlóþum fór and monega byrg bereáfode on Cheranisse inde propter agendam prædam et curandam obsidionem divisit exercitum. Ipse autem cum fortissimis profectus, multas Cheronesi urbes cepit: profligatisque populis opes abstulit, Ors. 3, 7; Swt. 116, 17: 3, 1; Swt. 100, 2. Fóran hie hlóþum they went in bands, Chr. 894; Erl. 90, 12: Exon. 45 b; Th. 156, 1; Gú. 868: 99 b; Th. 373, 23; Seel. 114. III. the crime of taking part in the action of a hlóþ :-- Be hlóþe. Seðe hlóþe betygen síe geswicne se hine be cxx hída oððe swá béte, L. In. 14; Th. i. 110, 15. DER. here-hlóþ.
hlóþ-bót, e; f. Compensation or fine to be paid by a member of a 'hlóþ' for the wrong committed by any one of them, L. Alf. pol. 29; Th. i. 80, 9. v. hlóþ.
hlóþere, es; m. A robber, spoiler; prædator. Cot. 170, Lye.
hlóþ-gecrod, es; n. A press of troops or bands: -- Biersteþ hlúde heáh hlóþgecrod with loud noise breaks the press of [cloud-] troops on high, Exon. 102 a; Th. 386, 17; Rä. 4, 63.
hlóþian; p. ede To take booty, rob, spoil :-- Ða ðe ǽlce geáre ofer ðone sǽ hlóþedon and hergedon qui anniversarias prædas trans maria cogere solebant, Bd. 1, 12; S. 481, 2. Ða ðe monige geár ǽr hí onhergedon and hlóþedon qui per multos annos prædas in terra agebant, 1, 14; S. 482, 19.
hlóþ-sliht, es; m. Slaying by a member of a 'hlóþ', L. Alf. pol. 29; Th. i. 80, 5. v. hlóþ.
hlówan; p. hleów To low, bellow, make a loud noise :-- Oxa hléwþ bos mugit, Ælfc. Gr. 22; Som. 24, 9. Hleówon hornboran the trumpeters sounded, Elen. Kmbl. 107; El. 54. Hlówendra fearras flǽsc the flesh of lowing oxen, Homl. Th. i. 590, 15. [Icel. hlóa to roar (of streams): O. H. Ger. hlóon mugire, rudere.]
hlówung, e; f. Lowing, noise :-- Hlóweng bombus, Cot. 27, Lye. [O. H. Ger. hlóhunga mugitus.]
HLÚD; adj. LOUD, sonorous :-- Heora stefn wæs swíðe hlúd their voice was very loud, Blickl. Homl. 149, 27: Cd. 148; Th. 184, 14; Exod. 107. Hlimman hlúdes wæteres torrentem, Ps. Th. 123, 4. Hlúdre stefne with a loud voice, Blickl. Homl. 181, 18. Hlúddre stefne, 15, 19: Cd. 227; Th. 302, 18. Hlúdan stefne. Andr. Kmbl. 2720; An. 1362. Hlúde wǽran hý ðá hý ofer ðone hlǽw ridan loud were they when they rode over the hill, Lchdm. iii. 52, 13. Francan wǽron hlúde loud was the sound of the javelins, Cd. 93; Th. 119, 20; Gen. 1982. Hlúddra sang chorea, Ælfc. Gl. 34; Som. 62, 47; Wrt. Voc. 28, 28. Ðæt ár ðonne hit mon slihþ hit biþ hlúdre ðonne ǽnig oðer ondweorc aes dum percutitur amplius metallis celeris sonitum reddit, Past. 37, 3; Swt. 267, 24. Hlúdast, Menol. Fox 467; Gn. C. 4. [O. Sax. O. Frs. hlúd: O. H. Ger. hlút: Ger. laut.]
hlúd-clipol; adj. Calling aloud, R. Ben. interl. 7.
hlúde; adv. Loudly :-- Folc ðe hlúde singeþ a people that sings loudly, Blickl. Homl. 149, 30: 217, 33. Ðæs cocces þeáw is ðæt hé micle hlúdor singþ on uhtan ðonne on dægréd gallus profundioribus horis noctis altos edere cantus solet, Past. 63; Swt. 461, 2.
hlúd-stefn, -stemn; adj. Loud-voiced, Cot. 105, Lye.
hlúd-swége; adv. With a loud voice :-- Se hana sóna hlúdswége sang the cock straightway crowed with a loud voice, Homl. Th. ii. 248, 33. Marcus swá swá leó hlúdswége clipode, Ælfc. T. p. 25; Grn. 13, 8.
hlutor, hluttor; adj. Clear, pure, bright, sincere :-- Hluttor wæter limpha, Ælfc. Gl. 97; Som. 76, 69; Wrt. Voc. 54, 13. Swíðe wynsum and hluttor wǽta a very pleasant and pure stream, Blickl. Homl. 209, 2. Hlutor, Bt. Met. Fox 5, 26; Met. 5, 13. Wæs hé hluttor and clǽne on his lífe he was pure and clean in his life, Blickl. Homl. 217, 9: Ps. Th. 72, 17. Óþ ðæt byþ áhafen hluttor móna donec extollatur luna, 71, 7: Exon. 58 b; Th. 210, 9; Ph. 183. Gif ðin eáge biþ hluttor si oculus tuus fuerit simplex, Lk. Skt. 11, 34. xxx ambra hluttres ealoþ, L. In. 70; Th. i. 146, 17. Hlutres aloþ, Chr. 852; Erl. 67, 38. Ðæt hig drincon hluttor win 'thou didst drink the pure blood of the grape,' Deut. 32, 14. Genim ða ylcan sealfe hluttre take the same salve clear, L. Med. ex Quadr. 3, 3; Lchdm. i. 340, 2. Óþ hlutturne dæg usque ad ortum diei, Bd. 4, 19; S. 588, 13. Þurh hlutterne dæg during the daylight, Exon. 105 b; Th. 401, 5; Rä. 21, 7. Hluttor pic resin, L. M. I. 4; Lchdm. ii. 44, 24: 1, 31; Lchdm. ii. 72, 25. Dó on hluttor æg add the white of an egg, 2, 64; Lchdm. ii. 288, 9. Lǽt standan óþ hit sý hluttor nim ðonne ðæt hluttre let it stand till it be clear, then lake the clear part, Lchdm. iii. 4, 3. Weder hluttor gesihþ ceápes ferþrunge hit getácnaþ if he sees clear weather, it betokens furthering of traffic, 198, 17. Hluttre móde and bylehwite simplici et pura mente, Bd. 4, 24; S. 599, 8: Exon. 12 a; Th. 18, 34; Cri. 293. Mid hluttrum sáwlum with pure souls, Cd. 21; Th. 25, 21; Gen. 397. Mid hlutrum eágum with clear eyes, Bt. Met. Fox 21, 74; Met. 21, 37. Ðone hlutrestan streám the stream most pure, 23, 5; Met. 23, 3. [Orm. lutter: Goth. hlutrs pure: O. Sax. hluttar: O. Frs. hlutter: O. H. Ger. hlutar clarus, lotus, purus, mundus: Ger. lauter.] DER. glæs-hlutor.
hlutor-, hluttor-líce; adv. Clearly, plainly :-- Hlutorlíce tócnáwaþ clearly distinguish, Lchdm. iii. 440, 29. Gif hé him ðæt hluttorlíce gecýðan wolde hwæt hé wǽre si simpliciter sibi quis fuisset proderet, Bd. 4, 22; S. 591, 37: 5, 13: S. 634, 2.
hlutor-, hluttor-ness, e; f. Clearness, purity :-- Hú heora gecynd bútan ǽlcre besmitennysse on écere hluttornysse þurhwunaþ how their nature continues without any pollution in eternal purity, Homl. Th. i. 538, 29. Tó hluttornisse geleáfan ad simplicitatem fidei, Bd. 2, 5; S. 507, 42. On hluttornesse and on clǽnnesse in sinceritate, 4, 9; S. 576, 21: 2, 15; S. 518, 30.
hlutre, hluttre; adv. Clearly, brightly :-- Heofon hluttre ongeat heaven clearly perceived, Exon. 24 b; Th. 71, 3: Cri. 1150. Ðonne heofontungol hlutrost scíneþ when the sun shines brightest, Bt. Met. Fox 22, 48; Met. 22, 24. DER. dæg-hluttre.
hluttran [?] to grow or make pure, clean, bright, Exon. 54 a; Th. 191, 8; Az. 85. v. next word.
hluttrian; p. ode. I. to become clear :-- Hit wile hluttrian it will become clear, Lchdm. iii. 76, 7. II. to make clear, purify [v. áhluttrian] :-- Morgenrén hluttraþ [o r is the verb in the plural?] the morning rain purifies, Exon. 54 a; Th. 191, 8; Az. 85.
hlýd, es; n. A sound :-- Losaþ gemynd heora mid hlýde [MS. hlydne] periit memoria eorum cum sonitu, Ps. Spl. T. 9, 7. [Laym. mid lude.] v. ge-hlýd.
hlýda, an; m. The month noisy with wind and storm, March :-- Hagolscúrum færþ geond middangeard Martius réðe Hlýda with hail-showers passes through the earth rude March [which we call] Hlyda, Menol. Fox 74; Men. 37. Mónaþ Martius ðe menn hátaþ hlýda, Lchdm. iii. 152. 30. Ðæs mónþes ðe wé hátaþ Martius ðone gé hátaþ Hlýda, Homl. Th. i. 100, 5. On Martio ðæt is on hlýdan mónþe, Lchdm. iii. 152, 9; 250, 5. Se ǽresta frigedæg ðe man sceal fæsten is on hlýdan the first Friday to fast on is in March, 228, 21. [Lide as a name for March is given in the E. D. S. East Cornwall Glossary.]
hlýdan; p. de To sound, make a loud noise, to clamour, vociferate :-- Ic hlýde strepo, Ælfc. Gr. 28; Som. 30, 63. Ic hlýde garrulo, 36; Som. 38, 29. Se tympano biþ geworht of drygum felle and ðæt fell hlýt ðonne hit mon sliehþ in tympano sicca et percussa pellis resonat, Past. 46, 2; Swt. 347, 5. Ðíne fýnd hlýdaþ inimici lui sonaverunt, Jud. 5; Thw. 156, 1: Exon. 20 b; Th. 55, 14; Cri. 883. Se uncer hláford hlýdde ðǽr úte that master of ours was vociferating without, Shrn. 43, 14. Hlóh and hlýdde he laughed and clamoured, Judth. 10; Thw. 21, 18; Jud. 23. Ðá hlýddon hig and cwǽdon at illi invaliscebant dicentes, Lk. Skt. 23, 5. Ða hé geseah hwistleras and hlýdende menigeo cum vidisset tibicines et turbam tumultuantem, Mt. Kmbl. 9, 23. Hlýdende clamando, Past. 15, 2; Swt. 91, 22, 23. Hlýdende swíðust innan sounding chiefly from within, L. M. 2, 46; Lchdm. ii. 258, 19. Se ðe wylle drincan and dwæslíce hlýdan drince him æt hám ná on Drihtnes húse he who wants to drink and make a foolish noise let him drink at home, not in the Lord's house, L. Ælfc. C. 35; Th. ii. 357, 40. Hét hí mid handum sleán on ðæt hleór ðæt heó hlýdan ne sceolde he bade strike her with their hands on the face that she should not declaim, Homl. Swt. 8, 70. [O. Sax. a-hlúdian: O. H. Ger. hlútian sonare, clamare, concrepare: Ger. lauten.]
hlýdend garrulus, Cot. 170, Lye. v. hlýdan.
hlýdig garrulus, Hpt. Gl. 439. [Cf. O. H. Ger. -hlútig -sonus, Grff. iv. 1098.]
hlyn, hlin, es; m. [?] The name of a tree, maple [?], Exon. 114 a; Th. 437, 17; Rä. 56, 9. [Icel. hlynr maple.] ðonne hit hát wǽre and mon ða earman men oninnan dón wolde hú se hlynn mǽst wǽre ðonne hie ðæt súsl ðǽron þrowiende wǽron ut cum inclusus ibidem subjectis ignibus torreretur, sonum vocis extortæ capacitas concavi aeris augeret, Ors. 1, 12; Swt. 54, 25. Hlynn wearþ on ceastrum a great cry arose in the cities, Cd. 119; Th. 153, 30; Gen. 2546. Hlyn scylda and sceafta the din of shields and shafts, 95; Th. 124, 12; Gen. 2061. Hlin. Exon. 101 a; Th. 381. 7; Rä. 2, 7. Hearpan hlyn the sound of the harp, 57 b; Th. 207, 1; Ph. 135: Cd. 52; Th. 66, 7; Gen. 1081: Beo. Th. 1227; B. 6, 11. DER. ge-hlynn.
hlynian; p. ode To make a noise, roar: -- Wælfýra mǽst hlynode the greatest of funeral fires roared, Beo. Th. 2244; B. 1120.
hlynn, e; f. A torrent :-- Ofer þah hlynne trans torrentem, Jn. Skt. Rush. 18, 1. [Scott. lin, lyn, lynn a cataract.] v. previous and following words, and cf. hlimme and hlimman.
hlynnan; p. ede To sound, make a noise, shout :-- Gúþwudu hlynneþ scyld scefte oncwyþ the war-wood resounds, shield replies to shaft, Fins. Th. ii; Fin. 6. Gársecg hlynede the ocean roared, Andr. Kmbl. 476; An. 238. Hlynede and dynede raised shout and din, Judth. 10; Thw. 21, 18; Jud. 23. Stefn in becom hlynnan under hárne stán the voice got in and sounded under the grey stone, Beo. Th. 5099; B. 2553. Hlynnende hlúde streamas, torrentes, Ps. Th. 73, 15.
hlynsian, hlinsian; p. ode To sound, resound :-- Reced hlynsode the mansion resounded, Beo. Th. 1545; B. 770. Hlinsade, Exon. 108 b; Th. 415, 26; Rä. 34, 3. Hófan and hlynsadan hlúdan reorde elevaverunt flumina voces suas, Ps. Th. 92, 4. Hlynsodon, Andr. Kmbl. 3089; An. 1547.
hlýp, es; m. A leap, jump :-- Hlýp saltus, Ælfc. Gl. 61: Som. 68, 49; Wrt. Voc. 39, 33: Ælfc. Gr. 11; Som. 15, 14. Se dæg is geháten saltus lunæ ðæt is ðæs mónan hlýp the day is called saltus lunæ, that is, the moon's leap, Lchdm. iii. 264, 24: Exon. 18 b; Th. 45, 16, 29; 46, 1, 13; Cri. 720, 726, 730, 736. Hlýpum by leaps, Th. 46, 31; Cri. 747. Heorta hlýpum leaping like the hart, Cd. 203; Th. 252, 5; Dan. 574. [Laym. lupe, leope: A. R. lupes, pl: Icel. hlaup; n: O. H. Ger. louf cursus: Ger. lauf.]
hlýp, e; f. [?] :-- Dis sind ða landgemǽra ... of ðære ealdan hæcce into Presta hlýpe ... of ðam æssce tó ðære ældan hlýpe of ðare hlýpe, Chart. Th. 394, 16: 395, 9, 34, 35.
hlýpa, hliépa, an; m. That which helps in leaping, in leaping on or mounting a horse, a horse-block :-- Siððan hé wæs ðæm cyninge to ðon geset óþ his lífes ende, ðæt hé sceolde swá oft stúpian swá hé tó his horse wolde, and hé ðonne se cyning hæfde his hrycg him tó hliépan hoc infamis officii continua donec vixit damnatione sortitus, ut ipse acclinis humi, regem super adscensurum in equo dorso adtolleret, Ors. 6, 24; Swt. 274. 25. Æt hinde hlýpan, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. ii. 249, 35. [v. Halliwell's Dict. 'leaping-block a horse-block: leaping the operation of lowering tall hedges for the deer to leap over.']
hlýp-geat, es; n. [?] :-- Ondlang geardes on ðæt hlýpgeat, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 180, 28.
hlýrian to puff out the cheeks as in blowing a trumpet, to blow [a trumpet] :-- Býmaþ ɫ hlýriaþ mid býman buccinate tuba, Ps. Lamb. 80, 4. v. hleór.
hlyst, es; m: e; f. The sense of hearing, hearing, listening :-- Hlyst auditus, Ælfc. Gr. 11; Som. 15, 15. Ða fíf andgitu ... hlyst ... the five senses ... hearing ..., Homl. Th. ii. 550, 11: i. 138, 27. Gif se hlyst óþstande ðæt hé ne mǽge gehiéran if the hearing be stopped so that he cannot hear, L. Alf. pol. 46; Th. i. 92, 23. Ðá wearþ hæleþa hlyst then was there listening of men, Cd. 181; Th. 226, 28; Dan. 178: Exon. 55 b; Th. 196. 5; Az. 169. On ðæs folces hlyste in aures plebis, Lk. Skt. 7, 1. On hlyste auditione, Ps. Th. 111, 6: Ælfc. Gr. 1; Som. 2, 29. Lǽcedómas wið yfelre hlyste leechdoms against bad hearing, L. M. 1; Lchdm. ii. 2, 14. Gif [mon] yfelne hlyst hæbbe if a man have bad hearing, i. 3; Lchdm. ii. 40, 26. [Laym. lust: O. Sax. hlust hearing: Icel. hlust the ear.] DER. ge-hlyst.
hlystan; p. te To list, listen to, hear, hearken :-- Hí gefeallaþ on ða heortan ðe hiera hlyst they fall on the heart that listens to them, Past. 15, 6; Swt. 97, 1. Mid ðam ðe hé hlyste ðæs heofonlícan sanges whilst he was listening to the heavenly song, Homl. Th. ii. 98, 5. Ne hlyst ðú ná ungesceádwíses monnes worda do not listen to the words of an indiscreet man, Prov. Kmbl. 47: Nicod. 3; Thw. 2, 5. Hlyst hider hearken, Past. 49, 2; Swt. 381, 14. Sunu mín hlyste mínre láre fili mi acquiesce consiliis meis, Gen. 27, 8. Ne hliste ðú his worda non audies verba illius, Deut. 13, 3. Hlystaþ hwæt ic secge hear what I say, L. I. P. 5; Th. ii. 310, 8. Hlyste hé gódes rǽdes let him hearken to good counsel, Homl. Th. i. 54, 16. Wé biddaþ ðé leóf ðæt ðú hlyste úre sprǽce oramus, domine, ut audias nos, Gen. 43, 20. Man láreówum hlyste let teachers be listened to, L. Eth. vii. 19; Th. i. 332, 26. Hig hlyston hím audiant illos, Lk. Skt. 16, 29. Hé sceal bóclárum hlystan swyðe georne he must pay diligent attention to the teaching of books, L. I. P. 2; Th. ii. 306, 8. Hig fundon hine hlystende they found him listening, Lk. Skt. 2, 46: Past. 49, 5; Swt. 385, 23. [Laym. lusten: Orm. lisstenn: Ayenb. lheste: Icel. hlusta.]
hlystend, es; m. A hearer, listener :-- On móde ðære hlystendra in the mind of the hearers, Homl. Th. i. 362, 18.
hlystere, es; m. A hearer, listener :-- Ðæt áþweahþ his hlysteras from synna horewum that washes its hearers from the foulnesses of sins, Homl. Th. ii. 56, 7.
hlyt [or hlýt?], es; m. A lot, portion :-- Hlyt sors, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 44; Som. 13, 3. Ðú gedydest ðæt wé mǽtan úre land mid rápum and mín hlyt gefeóll ofer ðæt betste funes ceciderunt mihi in præclaris, Ps. Th. 15, 6. On handum ðínum hlyt mín in manibus tuis sortes meæ, Ps. Spl. 30, 18. Hlyt wísode ðǽr hie dryhtnes ǽ déman sceoldon the lot appointed where they should judge the Lord's law, Apstls. Kmbl. 18; Ap. 9. On hlyte sorti, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Som. 41, 18. Ðú hit tódǽlst mid hlyte tu eam sorte divides, Deut. 31, 7. Mid háligra hlyte wunigan to dwell with the saints, Elen. Kmbl. 1639; El. 821. Hí sendon hlyt miserunt sortem, Ps. Spl. 21, 17. Swá him dryhten sylf hlyt getǽhte as God himself assigned a lot to them, Andr. Kmbl. 12; An. 6: 28; An. 14. Ne séc ðú þurh hlytas hú ðé geweorþan scyle do not seek by casting of lots what thy fate is to be, Prov. Kmbl. 32. Gif hwá hlytas begá si quis sortilegia exerceat, L. Ecg. P. iv. 19; Th. ii. 210, 11. [The Pastoral has the form hliet (v. hlét), which seems to correspond with the Gothic hlauts and would suggest ý not y in hlyt. But compare Icel. hlutr, hlaut, Cl. and Vig. Dict.] v. hlot.
hlyta, hlytta, an; m. A diviner, one who divines by casting lots :-- Flaminius forseah ða sægene ðe ða hlyttan him sǽdon ðæt hé æt ðæm gefeohte ne cóme wið Gallíe Flaminius contemtis auspiciis quibus pugnare prohibebatur adversum Gallos, Ors. 4, 7; Swt. 184, 26. Tánhlyta sortilegus, Ælfc. Gl. 112; Som. 79, 106; Wrt. Voc. 60, 13. v. efen-hlytta; hlyt.
hlyþran, Gen. 41, 27. v. lyþer.
hlytm a parting or deciding by lot, an arranging of shares :-- Næs ðá on hlytme hwá ðæt hord strude the part of each in despoiling the hoard was not carefully allotted [each took what he could], Beo. Th. 6243; B. 3126.
hlyttrian to purify :-- Ic hlyttrige liquo, Ælfc. Gr. 37; Som. 39, 41.
hlyttrung, e; f. A purifying, refining; defecatio vel purgatio, Ælfc. Gl. 100; Som. 77, 23; Wrt. Voc. 55, 27.
hnǽgan; p. de To neigh :-- Ic hnǽge hinnio, Ælfc. Gr. 30, 5; Som. 34, 58. Hors hnǽgþ equus hinnit, 22; Som. 24. 9. [Wick. neʒen: Prompt. Parv. neyyñ hinnio: Icel. gneggja, hneggja.]
hnǽgan; p. de To cause to bow, bring low, humble, humiliate :-- Ic bebeóde bearnum mínum ðæt hie ðé hnǽgon æt gúþe I command my sons to humble thee in battle, Andr. Kmbl. 2660; An. 1331. [Goth. hnaiwjan to abase: Icel. hneigja to bow: O. H. Ger. hneigjan subjicere, inclinare: Ger. neigen.] v. ge-hnǽgan, hnáh, hnígan.
hnǽgan, Beo. Th. 2641; B. 1320. v. nǽgan.
hnǽgung, e; f. Neighing :-- Horsa hnǽgung neighing of horses, Ælfc. Gr. 1; Som. 2, 35.
hnæpf, hnæpp, hnæp, es; m. A cup, bowl: -- Hnæp ciatus, anthlia, Ælfc. Gl. 25; Som. 60, 50, 51; Wrt. Voc. 24, 46, 47. Hnæp anaphus, Wrt. Voc. 82, 43. Hnæpp patera, 290, 74. Of ðam hnæpfe from the bowl, Chart. Th. 439, 31. ii gebonede hnæppas two polished bowls, 429, 30. [Laym. nap a cup: A. R. nep: Du. nap, a cup, basin: O. H. Ger. hnapf cratera, patera, Grff. iv. 1130: O. French hanap: Low Lot. hanapus, v. Skt. Dict. hamper.]
hnæppan to strike [?] :-- Swá swá sió nafu simle biþ swá gesund hnæppen ða felga on ðæt ðe hí hnæppen if the nave is always quite safe the fellies may strike against what they will, Bt. 39, 7; Fox 222, 26. [Cf. (?) nap to strike the head sharply with a stick, E. D. S. Mid-Yorkshire Glossary; knap to strike; nap a stroke, Halliwell Dict.]
hnæppian, hnæppung. v. hnappian, hnappung.
hnáh; adj. Bent down, low, lowly, humble, abject, mean, poor :-- And hé hnáh tó eorþan áleát wið ðæs engles adoravitque eum pronus in terram, Num. 22, 31. Næs hió hnáh ne tó gnéþ gifa she was not mean nor too sparing of gifts, Beo. Th. 3863; B. 1929. Iudas cwæþ ðæt hé wénde him trage [Kmbl. þrage] hnágre Judas said that he expected for himself humiliating pain, Elen. Kmbl. 1333; El. 668. Wéndon hie wera cwealmes þræge hnágran they expected the death of men, a still worse time, Andr. Kmbl. 3195; An. 1600. Nó ic me hnágran talige ðonne Grendel hine I think myself no worse man than does Grendel himself, Beo. Th. 1359; B. 677. Ful oft ic leán teohhode hnáhran rince sǽmran æt sæcce full oft have I appointed reward to a warrior inferior and of less worth in battle, 1909; B. 952. [Goth. hnaiws lowly, humble.]
hnappian, hnæppian; p. ode To slumber, sleep, doze :-- Ne slǽpþ ne ne hnappaþ se ðe hylt Israhél non dormitabit neque dormiet qui custodit Israel, Homl. Th. ii. 230, 6. Hnæppaþ, Ps. Spl. 120, 4. Se ðe hnæppaþ qui dormit, 40, 9. Ða mǽdenu hnappiaþ the maidens slumber, Homl. Th. ii. 566, 26. Ne slǽpþ se no fæsðe ac hnappaþ non autem dormire sed dormitare est, Past. 28, 4; Swt. 195, 8. Ac ðonne hnæppiaþ úre brǽwas palpebræ vero dormitant, 195, 2. Gif hé hwón hnappode ðǽrrihte hine drehton nihtlíce gedwimor if he dozed a little, straightway nightly phantoms tormented him, Homl. Th. i. 86, 18. Ic hnæppode ego dormivi, Ps. Spl. 3, 5. Ðá hnappedon hig ealle and slépon dormitaverunt omnes et dormierunt, Mt. Kmbl. [MS. A.] 25, 5. Ne ne hnæppie se ðe healde ðé neque dormitet qui custodit te, Ps. Spl. 120, 3. Ne ne hnappigen ðíne brǽwas ne dormitent palpebræ tuæ, Past. 28, 4; Swt. 193, 24, 19. Hnappiende dormiens, Ps. Spl. 77, 71. [A. R. nappen: Chauc. Wick. Piers P. nappe: Prompt. Parv. nappyñ or slomeryñ dormito: cf. O. H. Ger. nafizan. Grff. ii. 1053.]
hnappung, hnæppung, e; f. Slumbering, dozing, drowsiness :-- Ǽresð mon hnappaþ gif hé ðonne ðære hnappunge ne swícþ ðonne hnappaþ hé óþ ðæt hé o wierþ on fæstum slǽpe dormitando vero oculus ad plenissimum somnum ducitur, Past. 28, 4; Swt. 195, 11. Wið hnappunge against drowsiness, L. Med. ex Quadr. 8, 10; Lchdm. i. 358, 24. Hnæppunge dormitationem, Ps. Spl. 131, 4: hnappunga, Ps. Th. and Lamb. [Wick. napping: Prompt. Parv. nappynge or slomerynge dormitacio: O. H. Ger. naffezung dormitatio.]
hnátan; p. hneót To strike together, clash. Andr. Kmbl. 8; An. 4. v. hnítan.
hneáw; adj. Stingy, near, niggardly :-- Ðý læs se hneáwa and se gítsigenda fægnige ðæs ðætte menn wénen ðæt hé síe gehealdsum on ðæm ðe hé healdan scyle oððe dǽlan ne aut cor tenacia occupet, et parcum se videri in dispensationibus exultet, Past. 20; Swt. 149, 17. Ic ðé hneáw ne wæs landes and lissa I was no niggard to thee of land and favours, Cd. 136; Th. 171, 5; Gen. 2823. [Icel. hnöggr niggardly, stingy: Ger. ge-nau.] DER. un-hneáw.
hneáw-líce; adv. Sparingly, stingily; -- Him ðæs leán ágeaf nalles hneáwlíce to him for that the Lord gave reward with no sparing hand, Cd. 86; Th. 108, 20; Gen. 1809.
hneáw-ness, e; f. Stinginess, parsimony, niggardliness :-- Monig mon déþ micel fæsten, and hæfþ ðone hlísan ðæt hé hit dó for forhæfdnesse and déþ hit ðeáh for hneáwnesse and for feohgítsunge many a man fasts much, and has the reputation of doing it for abstinence, and yet does it for stinginess and avarice; sæpe sub parsimoniæ nomine se tenacia palliat, Past. 20; Swt. 149, 6. Swá ða rúmmódan fæsthafolnesse lǽren, swá hí ða uncystegan on yfelre hneáwnesse ne gebrengen sic prodigis prædicetur partitas, ut tamen tenacibus periturarum rerum custodia non augeatur, 60; Swt. 453, 29.
HNECCA, an; m. A NECK, nape of the neck, back of the head :-- Hnecca cervix vel jugulum, Ælfc. Gl. 72; Som. 70, 116; Wrt. Voc. 43, 44: Wrt. Voc. 70, 26: Wá ðǽm ðe willaþ lecggean bolster under ǽlcne hneccan menn mid tó gefónne ... Ðonne biþ se hnecca underléd mid bolstre væ his qui faciunt cervicalia sub capite universæ ætatis ad capiendas animas ... Quasi cervicalibus caput jacentis excipitur, Past. 19, 1; Swt. 143, 14. Gníd ðone hneccan mid ðý rub the back of the neck with it, L. M. 1, 1; Lchdm. ii. 20, 25. Ðæt dú næbbe nán þing háles fram ðám fótwolmum óþ ðone hneccan sanari non possis a planta pedis usque ad verticem tuum, Deut. 28, 35. [Laym. necke: Chauc. Piers P. Prompt. Parv. nekke collum: O. Frs. hnecka: Icel. hnakki the nape of the neck, back of the head: O. H. Ger. hnach testa capitis, occiput, cacumen: Ger. nacken.]
hnesce, hnæsce, hnysce; adj. Nesh, soft, delicate, tender, effeminate :-- Hnysce hwítel linna, Ælfc. Gl. 63; Som. 68, 113; Wrt. Voc. 40, 23. Hnesce on móde tó flǽsclícum lustum yielding easily to the lusts of the flesh, Homl. Th. ii. 220, 4. Gefrédan hwæt biþ heard hwæt hnesce to feel what is hard, what soft, 372, 32: Elen. Kmbl. 1226; El. 615. Heó is hnesce on æthrine it is soft to the touch, Herb. 15, 1; Lchdm. i. 108, 1. Síe ðǽr eác lufu næs ðeáh tó hnesce sit itaque amor, sed non emolliens, Past. 17, 11; Swt. 127, 2. Hwæt getácnaþ ðonne ðæt flǽsc búton unfæsð weorc and hnesce quid enim per carnes nisi infirma quædam ac tenera, 34, 6; Swt. 235, 15. Ðonne hys twig byþ hnesce cum ramus ejus tener fuerit, Mt. Kmbl. 24, 32. Ǽghwæt hnesces oððe heardes, L. de Cf. 9; Th. ii. 264, 6: Salm. Kmbl. 574; Sal. 286. Ðonne geþafaþ him mon on ðære hnescean ólecunge eique mollities favoris adhibetur, Past. 19, 1; Swt. 143, 21. Swá hé ðone hnescan þafettere on réceléste ne gebrenge ut remissis ac lenibus non crescat negligentia, 60; Swt. 453, 25. Ne gedafenaþ ús ðæt wé symle hnesce beón on úrum geleáfan it befits us not to be ever delicate in our belief, Homl. Th. i. 602, 12. Mann hnescum gyrlum gescrýdne hominem mollibus vestitum, Mt. Kmbl. ii. 8; Lk. Skt. 7, 25. Heó biþ hnesceum leáfum it is a plant with soft leaves, Herb. 6, 1; Lchdm. i. 96, 14. Ic hæbbe hnesce litlingas parvulos habeam teneros, Gen. 33, 13. Syle him etan hnesce ægere give him lightly boiled (?) eggs to eat, Lchdm. iii. 134, 22. Ǽlc wuht biþ innanweard hnescost every creature is softest inside, Bt. 34, 10; Fox 150, 6. Drihten nǽfre ne forsyhþ ða eáþmódan heortan ne ða hnescestan the Lord never despises the humble heart nor the weakest, Blickl. Homl. 99, 5. [A. R. nesche: Orm. nesshe: Chauc. nesh: Goth. hnaskwus soft.]
hnescian, hnexian; p. ode To make, or to become, soft, to soften :-- Ic hnexige mollio, Ælfc. Gr. 30; Som. 34, 53. Lege ðonne on ðǽr hit heardige hnescaþ hyt sóna apply where it is hard, it will at once soften, Herb. 2, ii; Lchdm. i. 84, 4. Ðonne hnescáþ se swile sóna then the swelling will soften at once, L. M. 2, 19; Lchdm. ii. 202, 10. Se hearda stán aðamans hnescáþ ongeán ðæt líðe buccan blód durus adamas leni hircorum sanguine mollescit, Past. 37, 4; Swt. 271, 4. Hí hnescodon sprǽca his molliti sunt sermones ejus, Ps. Spl. 54, 24. Ongunnon ða godes cempan hnexian God's warriors began to yield, Homl. Skt. 5, 48, 51: 8, 29. [Orm. nesshenn: Ayenb. nhesseþ, pres: Prompt. Parv. neschyñ or make nesche mollifico.] DER. á-hnescian.
hnesc-líc; adj. Effeminate :-- Hé wæs swíðe hnesclíc man he [Sardanapalus] was a very effeminate man, Ors. 1, 12; Bos. 35, 15. Hi beóþ hneslíce swá forlegene hi sunt delicati ita fornicantes, L. Ecg. P. iv. 68, 6; Th. ii. 228, 18.
hnesc-líce; adv. Gently, softly, tenderly :-- Hé his hiéremonna yfelu tó hnesclíce forberan ne sceal subditorum mala tolerari leniter non debent, Past. 21, 5; Swt. 159, 25. Ðonne hé his wambe sua hnesclíce ólecþ dum ventri molliter serviunt, 43, 5; Swt. 313, 12.
hnesc-ness, e; f. Softness, delicacy, gentleness, weakness :-- Hnescnyss mollities, Ælfc. Gr. 12; Som. 15, 56. Ðære hnescnesse úres flǽsces wé beóþ underþiédde corruptionis nostræ infirmitatibus subjacemus, Past. 21, 4; Swt. 159, 5. Genim ðyses wæstmes hnescnysse innewearde take the inward soft part of this fruit, Herb. 185, 2; Lchdm. i. 324, 9. Gif hwá for his hnescnysse ðæt fæsten áberan ne mæg si quis præ mollitie sua jejunium perferre nequeat, L. Ecg. P. iv. 60; Th. ii. 220, 24. Gif þurh his hnescnysse seó heord forwurþ if through his want of vigour the flock perish, L. I. P. 19; Th. ii. 326, 22.
hnifol, es; m. The forehead :-- Hnifol frons, Wrt. Voc. 282, 46. Smire mid ða þunwangan and ðone hnifol and ufan ðæt heáfod smear therewith the temples and the forehead and the top of the head, L. M. 3, 1; Lchdm. ii. 306, 6.
hnifol-crumb; adj. Cernuus, Cot. 45, 56, Lye.
hnígan; p. hnáh; pp. hnigen To bend, bow down, incline, descend, decline, sink :-- Ðonne hníge eft under lyfte helm londe neár then I bend again under the airy cover nearer the land, Exon. 102 a; Th. 386, 18; Rä. 4, 63. Loth ðám giestum hnáh Lot bowed to the guests, Cd. 112; Th. 147, 15; Gen. 2440. Hnág ic ðám secgum tó handa I bowed down within the reach of the men, Rood Kmbl. 118; Kr. 59. Hnígon ðá mid heáfdum heofoncyninge tógeánes bent then their heads before heaven's king, Cd. 13; Th. 16, 1; Gen. 237: 218; Th. 279, 18; Sat. 240: 225; Th. 298, 15; Sat. 533. Wit noldon hnígan mid heáfdum hálgum Drihtne we would not bend our heads to the holy Lord, 35; Th. 46, 10; Gen. 742: 217; Th. 277, 22; Sat. 208. Ðá hé tó helle hnígan sceolde when he must sink to hell, 221; Th. 288, 4; Sat. 375. [Goth. hneiwan to bend downwards, decline: O. Sax. hnígan: Icel. hníga to bow down, sink, fall gently; O. H. Ger. hnígan obstipare, adorare.] DER. ge-, on-, under-hnígan; and see hnǽgan.
hnigian; p. ode To bend down [the head] :-- Ðonne uplang ásitte hnigie let him sit up and bend his head downwards, L. M. 1, 1; Lchdm. ii. 18, 16.
hnipend humilis, Hpt. Gl. 436. v. next word.
hnipian; p. ode To bow the head: -- Biþ wuhta gehwilc onhnigen tó hrusan hnipaþ of dúne on weoruld wlítaþ wilnaþ tó eorþan [cf. in the prose version, Fox 254, 28, ealle bióþ of dúne healde wið ðære eorðan] prona tamen facies hebetes valet ingravare sensus, Bt. Met. Fox 31, 26; Met. 31, 13. Ðá wearþ Cain suíðe hrædlíce irre and hnipode of dúne iratusque est Cain vehementer, et concidit vultus ejus, Past. 34, 5; Swt. 235, 6. [Þa nipeden hyo ealle dormitaverunt omnes, Mt. Kmbl. 25, 5, col. 2: Laym. þa sunne gon to nipen: cf. Icel. hnipa to be downcast, droop: hnipna to droop, despond: M. H. Ger. nipfen: Ger. nippen to nod.]
hnítan; p. hnát, pl. hniton; pp. hniten To strike, thrust, push, come against with a shock :-- Ðonne hniton féðan in the shock of meeting hosts, Beo. Th. 2659; B. 1327: 5082; B. 2544. Gif oxa hnite wer oððe wif si bos percusserit virum aut mulierem, Ex. 21, 28. Ðonne ic hnítan sceal hearde wið heardum when I shall batter hard on the hard, Exon. 129 b; Th. 497, 21; Rä. 87, 4. [Icel. hníta to strike, clash.] DER. of-hnítan.
hnitol; adj. Given to striking, thrusting, pushing, having the head bent [as an animal when it butts (?)] :-- Hnitol vel eádmód cernuus, pronus vel inclinatus, Ælfc. Gl. 9; Som. 56, 116; Wrt. Voc. 19, 1. Gif se oxa hnitol wǽre si bos cornupeta fuerit, Ex. ii. 29, 36: L. Alf. 21; Th. i. 48, 29.
hnitu, e; f. A nit :-- Hnitu lens vel lendix, Ælfc. Gl. 23; Som. 60, 8; Wrt. Voc. 24, 12. Hnite and wyrmas on weg tó dónne ðe on cildum beóþ to remove nits and worms that are on children, L. Med. ex Quadr. 9, 15; Lchdm. i. 364, 6. [Prompt. Parv. nyle, wyrme lens: Icel. gnit; f: O. H. Ger. niz: Ger. niss.]
hnoc mutinus, Ælfc. Gl. 22; Som. 59, 83; Wrt. Voc. 23, 49. v. [?]hnot.
hnol, hnoll, es; m. The top, crown of the head :-- Hnol vertex, Ælfc. Gl. 69; Som. 70, 32; Wrt. Voc. 42, 40: 64, 22. Eástdǽl his hnol heóld the crown of his head held the east, Homl. Th. ii. 256, 2. Fram ðám hnolle ufan óþ his fótwylmas neoðan from the crown of his head down to the soles of his feet, 480, 12: 452, 26: 524, 2. On hnol his In verticem ejus, Ps. Spl. 7, 17: 67, 23. [Wick. nol cervix: O. H. Ger. hnol culmen, cacumen, vertex, sinciput.]
hnoppa, an; m. Nap of cloth; villus, Som. [Prompt. Parv. noppe of a clothe villus, tomentum, see note.]
hnossian; p. ode To beat, strike :-- Mec hnossiaþ homera láfe swords shall strike me, Exon. 102 b; Th. 388, 13; Rä. 6, 7. [Cf. Icel. hnoss an ornament.]
hnot; adj. Bald, shaven, close-cut :-- Calu oððe hnot glabrio, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 3; Som. 8, 37. Hnot mutilum, mutilatum, Cot. 131, Lye. Tó ðon hnottan seale to the pollard-willow, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. v. 193, 35. On ða hnottan díc of ðære hnottan díc the dike without turf (f), iii. 211, 24. [Chauc. not-heed, Prol. 109: Dep. Rich. not of his nolle, 3, 46: Halliwell Dict. not smooth, without horns; to shear, poll: see Nares' Gloss. nott, nott-pated, -headed.]
hnut-beám, es; m. A nut tree; corylus avellana :-- Hnutbeám nux vel nucarius, Ælfc. Gl. 47; Som. 65, 38; Wrt. Voc. 33, 35. Hnutbeámes rind, L. M. i. 3, 6; Lchdm. ii. 42, 3; 52, 1. Hnutbeámes leáf, Lchdm. iii. 6, 15. [O. H. Ger. hnuz-boum amygdalus, nux, nucus, corylus: Ger. nuss-baum.]
hnut-cyrnel, es; m. n. A nut kerne :-- Genim hnutcyrnla, L. M. 1, 2; Lchdm. ii. 34, 19.
hnutu, e; f. A nut :-- Hnutu juglantis vel nux, Ælfc. Gl. 45; Som. 64, 97; Wrt. Voc. 32, 32. For æppla and hnuta ǽte from eating of apples and nuts, L. M. 2, 39; Lchdm. ii. 246, 21. Hnute hula culliole, Ælfc. Gl. 31; Som. 61, 105; Wrt. Voc. 27, 34. Óðera hnutena cyrnlu kernels of other nuts, iii. 134, 23. Of frencissen hnutu[m] made of French nuts, 122, 28. Cyrnlu of píntrýwenum hnutum kernels out of pine tree nuts, Herb. 134, 2; Lchdm. i. 250, 9. Gif heó gelóme eteþ hnyte if she is often eating nuts, iii. 144, 20. Hnyte somnian, gaderian to gather nuts, 174, 5: 208, 18. On ðam óðrum dæge wæs Aarones gyrd gemétt grówende and berende hnyte on the next day Aaron's rod was found growing and bearing nuts, Homl. Th. ii. 8, 16, 18. Bringaþ ðam men lác sumne dǽl tyrwan and hunig and hnite deferte viro munera, modicum resinæ et mellis et amygdalarum, Gen. 43, 11. [Ayenb. nhote: Prompt. Parv. note nux, nucleus: Icel. hnot; f. pl. hnetr:. O. H. Ger. hnuz, nuz nux, migdola: Ger. nuss.] DER. hæsel-, pín-hnutu.
hnygela [or hnigela?], hnygele, an; m. f. A shred, clipping :-- Hnygela tomentum; seolce hnygele platum [= placium, Som.] Ælfc. Gl. 64; Som. 69, 3, 4; Wrt. Voc. 40, 37, 38. Hnyglan putamina, Cot. 152, Lye. [Cf (?) nig the clippings of money: niggling clipping: niggler a clipper, Gross's Slang Dict: see also Halliw. Dict. niggle, niggling.]
hnýlung, e; f. A kneeling, reclining; accubitus, Ælfc. Gl. 65; Som. 69, 52; Wrt. Voc. 41, 9.
hó-banca, an; m. A couch, sofa; sponda, Wrt. Voc. 290, 13. v. hóh.
hoc; gen. hocces Hock, mallow :-- Hocces leáf, L. M. 3, 37; Lchdm. ii. 330, 3. Hocces moran, 41; Lchdm. ii. 334, 27. Hoc, Lchdm. iii. 22, 2. [In E. D. S. Plant Names 'hock althæa rosea, malva sylvestris, malva rotundifloria.' Skeat, Etymol. Dict. supposes the word was borrowed from Celtic: Welsh hocys mallows.]
HÓC, es; m. A HOOK :-- Hooc arpago vel palum, Ælfc. Gl. 3; Som. 55, 71; Wrt. Voc. 16, 43. Ic eom swá swá fisc on hóce I am as the fish on the hook, Nar. 40, 33. Ðonne biþ hé geteald tó dære fýrenan eá and to ðam ísenan hóce then shall he be assigned to the fiery river and the iron hook, Blickl. Homl. 43, 25, 27. Wíngearda hócas ðe hí mid bindaþ ðæt him néhst biþ capreoli vel cincinni vel uncinuli, Ælfc. Gl. 59; Som. 68, 9; Wrt. Voc. 38, 59. Ðá sóhtan heora gewinnan him sarwe and worhtan him hócas at contra non cessant uncinata hostium tela, Bd. 1, 12; S. 481, 21: Homl. Th. i. 362, 27. v. hinder-hóc.
hóced; adj. Shaped like a hook, curved :-- Óþ ðat hit cymþ tó ðan hókedan gáran until it comes to the curved strip of land, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 434, 10.
hociht; adj. Full of mallows :-- Ǽrest onlong Foss on ða hocihtan díc of ðere hocihtan díc on ðone brádan þorn to the mallowy ditch, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. ii. 365, 25. [So Cockayne, Lchdm. iii. 332, col. i. translates the word; or should the word be written hóciht = with many bends? Cf. hóced.]
hoc-leaf, es; n. Mallow :-- Hocleáf malva, Wrt. Voc 79, 11. Hocleáf. Ðeós wyrt ðe man maluæ erraticæ and óðrum naman hocleáf nemnep/ byþ cenned ǽghwǽr on begánum stówum this plant, which is called malva erratica, and by another name hockleaf, is produced everywhere in cultivated places, Herb. 41, 1; Lchdm. i. 142, 4: L. M. 3, 8; Lchdm. ii. 312, 17. Hoclǽf, Lchdm. iii. 48, 18.
hócor, es; m. [?] Mockery, scorn, insult, derision :-- Tó oft man mid hócere góddǽda hyrweþ too often good deeds are depreciated with derision, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 110, 162. [O. E. Hom. to lusten hoker: Laym. hoker and scarn: Chauc. hoker and bissemare.]
hócor-wyrde; adj. Using scornful, mocking language :-- Hér sind on earde hócorwyrde ǽghwǽr there are in the land here everywhere men of scornful speech, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 109, 156. [Cf. Laym. Sexisce men mine unhæle me atwiten mid heore hokerworden.]
hód, es; m. A hood; cucullus, caputium, Cot. 31, Lye. [Laym. A. R. hod: O. H. Ger. huot, hót; m. mitra, tiara, cidaris: Ger. hut.]
hoelan = hélan to speak evil of, calumniate :-- Hoelende calumniantes, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 5, 44. [Icel. hæla to praise, flatter, boast.] v. hól, hólian.
hof, es; n. A house, hall, dwelling, building; ædes, domus :-- Lytel hof ædicula, Ælfc. Gl. 107; Som. 78, 84; Wrt. Voc. 57, 60. Cinges hof basilica, Som. 78, 86; Wrt. Voc. 58, 1. Hof séleste dwelling most excellent [the ark], Cd. 69; Th. 84, 6; Gen. 1393: 66; Th. 79, 25; Gen. 1316: 67; Th. 81, 15; Gen. 1345: 73; Th. 90, 2; Gen. 1489. Gif hwá hwylce hefige yfelnysse on his hofe geseó genime mandragoran on middan ðam huse swá mycel swá hé ðonne hæbbe ealle yfelu hé út ánýdeþ if any one see some grievous evil in his home, let him take mandragora into the middle of the house, as much as he has at the time, he will drive out all evils, Herb. 132, 7; Lchdm. i. 248, 11: Cd. 76; Th. 94, 29; Gen. 1569: 112; Th. 148, 13; Gen. 2456. Hé gewát from his ágenum hofe isaac lǽdan he departed from his own house leading Isaac, 139; Th. 173, 32; Gen. 2870. Him Hróðgár gewát tó hofe sínum ríce tó reste Hrothgar had gone to his sleeping-chamber, Beo. Th. 2477; B. 1236. Tó hofe sínum to her dwelling, 3019; B. 1507: 3953; B. 1974. Se hálga wæs tó hofe lǽded in ðæt dimme ræced the saint was led to the building [prison] into that dark house, Andr. Kmbl. 2616; An. 1309. Of ðam engan hofe, Exon. 73 b; Th. 274, 12; Jul. 532: Elen. Kmbl. 1420; El. 712. Tó hofe to the [queen's] house, 1111; El. 557. In ðam reónian hofe underground, 1664; El. 835. Him hof tǽhte pointed out to them the dwelling [of Hrothgar], Beo. Th. 630; B. 312. Ðæt rǽdleáse hof hell, Cd. 2; Th. 3, 32; Gen. 44: 217; Th. 276, 23; Sat. 193. Hofa ædes, Ælfc. Gl. 107; Som. 78, 83; Wrt. Voc. 57, 59. Hé ða hofa gehealdeþ and begýmeþ qui illa oppida maritima observat, Nar. 37, 26. Hofu, Andr. Kmbl. 1676; An. 840: Exon. 124 a; Th. 477, 26; Ruin. 30. On Faraones hofun in domos Pharaonis, Ex. 8, 24. Hofum, Beo. Th. 3677; B. 1836. [O. Sax. O. Frs. hof: Icel. hof a temple: O. H. Ger. hof curtis, curta, atrium, aula, domus; Ger. hof.] DER. ceaster-, gæst-, gnorn-, grorn-, heolstor-, mearc-, morþor-, sand-, stán-, súsl-, ýþ-hof.
HÓF, es; m. A HOOF :-- Hóf ungula, Ælfc. Gl. 72; Som. 71, 6; Wrt. Voc. 43, 59: Wrt. Voc. 71, 76. Hors hófum wlanc the horse proud of hoofs, Runic pm. Kmbl. 343, 5; Rún. 19. [Icel. hófr: O. H. Ger. huof ungula: Ger. huf.]
hofding, es; m. A chief, captain, principal, ringleader :-- Rawulf eorl and Rogcer eorl wǽron hofdingas [cf. yldast tó ðam unreode, l. 13] æt ðisan unrǽde earl Ralph and earl Roger were ringleaders in this evil counsel, Chr. 1076; Erl. 213, 31. [Borrowed from Icel. höfðingi a chief, leader, ringleader.]
hófe, an; f. Hove, alehoof [v. English Plant Names. E. D. S.]; glechoma hederacea :-- Hófe viola, Ælfc. Gl. 41; Som. 63, 132; Wrt. Voc. 31, 13. Genim hófan take hove, L. M. 1, 1; Lchdm. ii. 20, 5. Brúne hófe, Lchdm. iii. 292, 9. Genim ða reádan hófan, L. M. i. 2; Lchdm. ii. 34, 14. Mersc-hófe, i. 38; Lchdm. ii. 94, 10. Túnhófe, 3, 60; Lchdm. iii. 344, 2.
hofer, es; m. [?] A hump, swelling :-- Hofer gibbus vel struma, Wrt. Voc. 86, 71. [O. H. Ger. houar, houer gibbus.]
hoferede; adj. Humpbacked :-- Hoferede gybberosus vel strumosus, Wrt. Voc. 86, 70: 49, 7. Ðæt cild biþ hoforode the child is humpbacked, Lchdm. iii. 144, 26. Hoferede gibbus, Past. 11, 1, 3; Swt. 65, 4; 66, 12. [O. H. Ger. houaradi gibbus; hofaroht gibberosus.]
hoffing, es; m. A circle; orbis :-- Hoffingas orbes, Lye. [Leo, 40, 20; 197, 12, gives a gloss hóf-ring, hóf-hring orbis, explaining the word as a horse-shoe.]
hóf-rec, -ræc, es; n. Hoof-track :-- Sing on ðæt hófrec sing over the hoof-track, Lchdm. i. 392, 9. Dryp on ðæt hófræc ðæt wex drop the wax into the hoof-track, iii. 286, 4.
hof-rede; adj. Confined to the house; clinicus, Ælfc. Gl. 77; Som. 72, 30; Wrt. Voc. 45, 62.
hof-weard, es; m. An ædile; ædilis, Ælfc. Gl. 8; Som. 56, 105; Wrt. Voc. 18, 54.
hoga; adj. Careful, thoughtful, prudent :-- Hoga prudens, Rtl. 105, 1. Geleáffull þegn and hoga fidelis servus et prudens, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 24, 25. Wosas gé hogo estote prudentes, 10, 16. Hogum prudentibus, 11, 25. Gearnfulle ɫ hogo wosa solliciti esse, Lk. Skt. Lind. 12, 11.
hoga, an; m. Care, R. Ben. 53, Lye. v. ymb-hoga.
hoga-fæst; adj. Careful, prudent :-- Hogofæste, prudentes, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 25, 2, 4. v. hoh-fæst.
hoga-scipe, es; m. Prudence, carefulness, thoughtfulness, wisdom :-- Hogascip prudentia, Rtl. 81, 14. Hogoscip prudentia, Lk. Skt. Lind. 2, 47. Tó hogascipe ad prudentiam, 1, 17.
hogian; p. ode To employ the mind, to think, mind, consider, know, understand, care, be solicitous or anxious, to purpose, strive, intend, be intent on, resolve :-- Ymbe míne mágas ic hogige erga propinquos curo, Ælfc. Gr. 47; Som. 47, 29. Ðú hogast embe ðíne neóde thou art busied about thy needs, Homl. Th. i. 488, 23. Ne hogaþ hé be ðam heofenlícan lǽcedðme he is not anxious about the heavenly medicine, ii. 470, 16. Hé hogaþ tó ðære betran wynne he directs his mind to the better joy, Exon. 95 a; Th. 355, 23; Reim. 81. Hogaþ satagit, Mone Gl. 356. Hogiaþ satagunt, 435. Hia hogaþ sapiant, Mt. Kmbl. p. 2, 5. For ðám mannum ðe mid máran gewilnunge ðæs áteorigendlícan lífes hogiaþ ðonne ðæs écan for those men whose minds are busied with a greater desire of the life that perishes than of the life eternal, Homl. Th. ii. 368, 4: 342, 28. Ymbe ðíne handgeweorc ic hogode georne in factis manuum tuarum meditabar, Ps. Th. 142, 5. Mið ðý ic wæs lytel ic hogade swǽ lytel cum essem parvulus sapiebam ut parvulus, Rtl. 6, 17. Ic ðæt hogode ðæt ic eówra leóda willan geworhte I purposed to work your people's will, Beo. Th. 1268; B. 632. Hwæt hogodest ðú hidercyme ðínne on wráðra geweald why didst thou resolve to come hither into the power of hostile men, Andr. Kmbl. 2633; An. 1318. Ic on ðínre hǽlu hogode I thought on thy salvation, Ps. Th. 118, 81. Ðú ne hogodest thou didst not consider, Soul Kmbl. 83; Seel. 42. Hé on heortan hogode georne hú hé mid searuwe swylce ácwealde he diligently considered in his heart how with cunning he might kill such, Ps. Th. 108, 16: Swt. A. S. Rdr. 98, 92. Hé lythwón hogode ymbe his sáwle þearfe he thought little about the needs of his soul, 101, 201; Homl. Th. ii. 118, 15. Se feónd hogode on ðæt micle morþ men forweorpan the foe intended to cast men into that great perdition, Cd. 32; Th. 43, 14; Gen. 690. Hé tó friþe hogode his purpose was to protect, Andr. Kmbl. 1244; An. 622. Ealle dé mé yfel hogedon qui cogitant mihi mala, Ps. Th. 69, 3: 57, 2. Hí hine lufedan leáse múþe ne ðæs on heortan hogedan áwiht dilexerunt eum in ore suo, et lingua sua mentiti sunt ei, 77, 35. Ðæt hí ðý læs ymb fleám hogodan minus posse fugam meditari, Bd. 3, 18; S. 546, 26. Hogedon áninga their only purpose was, Judth. 12; Thw. 25, 9, 22; Jud. 250, 273. Hogodon georne hwá ðǽr mid orde ǽrost mihte on fǽgean men feorh gewinnan they eagerly strove who there first with the sword's point might of the fey man win the life, Byrht. Th. 135, 25; By. 123. Ne hoga ðú embe ðæt be not anxious about that, Homl. Swt. 3, 416. Hogiaþ consider, Homl. Th. ii. 124, 14. Hogiaþ sapite, Ps. Spl. C. 93, 8. Hogaþ gie sapite, Rtl. 13, 21: 25, 5. Hogige se yfela ðæt hé ástande let the evil man be intent upon standing, Homl. Th. i. 56, 23. Wé sceolon hogian embe ða bóte we must busy ourselves about the reparation, 274, 11. Wé sceolon carfullíce hogian ðæt we ðone máran gylt forfleón we ought anxiously to endeavour to flee from the greater guilt, 484, 5. Wé sceolon hogian hú wé hí begyton we must consider how we may obtain it, ii. 316, 25. Ne þurfon gé nó hogian on ðam anwealde ne him æfter þringan ye need not aim at power nor press after it, Bt. 16, 1; Fox 50, 29. Ne beó gé ná hogiende ymb ða morgenlícan neóde nolite esse solliciti in crastinum, Mt. Kmbl. 6, 34. Hogiende cogitantes, Mone Gl. 390. Hogiendum nitentibus, 420. [Laym. hoʒede, p: Icel. huga; pp. hugat: O. H. Ger. hugeta, hogeta, p.] DER. be-, for-, ge-, ofer-, wið-, ymb-hogian. v. hycgan.
hogu, e; f. Care, anxiety, solicitude :-- Habbon hí hoge ðæt hí sýn swilce ðæt hí wurþfullíce herigan mágon let them have a care that they be such that they may worthily praise, Homl. Th. i. 446, 32. Hé næfþ nán andgit ne hoga embe Godes beboda he hath no understanding nor cares about God's commandments, 132, 13. [O. and N. hoʒe: R. Glouc. howe.] v. heort-hogu, hoga.
hogung, e; f. Caring, care; cura. Lye.
hóh, hó; gen. hós; m. A heel, hough: -- Hóh niþeweard calx, Wrt. Voc. 283, 75. Hó calx, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 72; Som. 14, 17, Hwæt is ðæs wífes hó? ... Ðæs wífes hó getácnode ... what is the woman's heel? ... The woman's heel signified ..., Boutr. Scrd. 20, 13, 19. Hós mínes calcanei mei, Ps. Spl. 48, 5. Dó on ðínne winstran scó under dínum hó put it into thy left shoe under thy heel, Lchdm. i. 396, 2. Áhefþ hys hó ongeán me levabit contra me calcaneum suum, Jn. Skt. 13, 18: Gen. 3, 15. Him on hóh beleác heofonríces weard merehúses múþ God closed the door of the ark behind him, Cd. 69; Th. 82, 16; Gen. 1363. Mínra hóa calcanei mei, Ps. Th. 48, 5. Pharao him filigde æt ðám hón Pharaoh followed at their heels, Homl. Th. ii. 194, 22. Hós míne calcaneum meum, Ps. Spl. 55, 6. [Cf. Icel. há-sin.]
hóh, hógh, hó, hoo a form occurring in local names whose meaning is thus given by Kemble: 'Originally a point of land, formed like a heel, or boot, and stretching into the plain, perhaps even into the sea,' Cod. Dipl. iii. xxvi, where see the references to the various forms. Kemble's supposition is borne out by the following passage, in which the word occurs independently :-- Wé ðá fóron forþ be ðæm sǽ and ðǽr ða heán hós and dene and gársecg ðone æthiopia wé gesáwon promuntoria ad oceanum in ethiopia vidimus, Nar. 24, 9. [Cf. (?) over hil and hogh, Cursor Mundi 15826.]
hoh-, hog-fæst; adj. Firm of mind, prudent, wise :-- Hogfæstum prudentibus, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 11, 25. v. hoga-fæst.
hóh-fót, es; m. The heel :-- Hó ɫ hóhfót calcaneum, Ps. Lamb. 55, 7.
hoh-, hog-ful; adj. Mindful, careful, anxious, wise, prudent :-- Ic nú on sibbe gesitte on mínne cynestól hohful embe ðæt hú ic his lof árǽre quiete pace perfruens, studiosus sollicite de laudibus Creatoris omnium occupor addendis, Chart. Th. 240, 8. Ðá wearþ ðæt mǽden mycclum hohful hú heó ǽfre wæras wissian sceolde then became the maiden very anxious how she was ever to direct men, Homl. Skt. 2, 121. Ðám ðe lufiaþ swíðor ða healícan clǽnnysse ðonne ða hohfullan gálnysse to those that love exalted chastity more than the wantonness which is full of care, Homl. Th. ii. 324, 5. Hogfullum prudentibus, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 11, 25. [Laym. hoh-fulle, pl: Orm. hoʒhe-full.]
hohful-ness, e; f. Anxiety, care, trouble :-- Sǽde ic mínum witun mines módes hohfulnysse I told the anxiety of my mind to my 'witan,' Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 349, 11.
hóh-hwyrfing, e; f. A turning on the heel so as to describe a circle [?]; orbis, Som.
hohinge-ród, e; f. A cross, gibbet, W. Cat. p. 294.
hoh-, hog-líce; adv. Prudently, thoughtfully :-- Hoglíce, prudenter, Lk. Skt. Lind. 16, 8.
hoh-mód; adj. Having an anxious mind, anxious, Lye.
hohmód-ness, e; f. Anxiety, trouble, care, Som.
hóh-scanca, an; m. The shank; crus :-- Sceápes hóhscancan, L. M. 1, 2; Lchdm. ii. 38, 8.
hóh-sinu, we; f. Hough-sinew, ham-string, heel-sinew :-- Gif hóhsino forad síe if a heel-sinew be broken, L. M. 1, 71; Lchdm. ii. 146, 3. Heora horsa hóhsina ðú ofcirfst equos eorum subnervabis, Jos. 11, 6. [Wick. houʒ-senu: Icel. há-sin: Dan. hase: cf. O. H. Ger. hahsanon subnervare, Grff. iv. 800.]
hóh-spor, es; n. The heel; calx, Ælfc. Gl. 75; Som. 71, 97: Wrt. Voc. 45, 5.
HOL, es; n. A HOLE, hollow, cavern, den :-- Tó ðám ealdan hole; of ðám hole, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 423, 22. Swá swá leó déþ of his hole quasi leo in cubile suo, Ps. Th. 9, 29. Mec hæleþ út týhþ of hole hátne a man draws me out hot from a hole, Exon. 125 a; Th. 480, 6; Rä. 63, 7. On ðis dimme hol into this dark den [prison], Bt. Met. Fox 2, 21; Met. 2, 11. Ðæt cúðe hol, Exon. 112 b; Th. 43l, 10; Rä. 45, 5. Wild deóra holl and denn lustra, Ælfc. Gl. 110; Som. 79, 38; Wrt. Voc. 59, 10. Hwelpas leóna on heora holum beóþ gelogode catuli leonum in cubilibus suis collocabuntur, Ps. Lamb. 103, 22. Foxas habbaþ holu vulpes foveas habent, Mt. Kmbl. 8, 20: Lk. Skt. 9, 58. Hola, Homl. Th. i. 160, 33. [Laym. hol: Chauc. hole: Prompt. Parv. hoole or pyt in an hylle caverna: O. Frs. O. Dut. Icel. O. H. Ger. hol concavum, caverna spelunca, antrum: cf. Goth. hulundi spelunca.] v. hola.
hol, es; n. A covering [?] :-- Án hol stæfes apex, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 5, 18.
hol; adj. Hollow :-- On middan hol hollow in the middle, Herb. 174, 1; Lchdm. i. 306, 9. Gif se weobud ufan hol nǽre si in altari fossa non esset, Past. 33, 2; Swt. 217, 21. Hol stán fornix, Cot. 93, Lye. Sca maria hine ácende on ðære nihte on ánum holum stánscræfe St. Mary gave birth to him in a hollow cave, Shrn. 29, 28. Ðæt wæter dranc of his holre hand drank the water out of the hollow of his hand, 50, 11. On ánne ealdne holne weg to an old hollow way, Chart. Th. 495, 8. Hole dene convallem, Ps. Spl. 59, 6. Hý beóþ innan hole they are hollow within, Herb. 180, 1; Lchdm. i. 316, 2. Gif heó hæfþ hole eágan if she be hollow-eyed, Lchdm. iii. 144, 7. [Prompt. Parv. hol cavus, concavus: York-dialect holl: O. Frs. hol: Icel. holr: O. H. Ger. hol covas, concavus: Ger. hohl.] v. holh.
hol; adj. Having a covering or crust [?] :-- Holne hlaf tortam panis unius crustulam, Ex. 29, 33. [Cf. hal-, heal-, healh-stán crusta, crustulum, Cot. 191, Lye.] v. also heal, healh; hol.
hól, es; n. Vain speech, evil speaking without cause, calumny, slander :-- Hól and hete and rýpera reáflác ús derede slander and hatred and the rapine of robbers hath harmed us, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 106, 70. Hól calumnia, Off. Episc. 8, Lye. Ne teó ic N. ne for hete ne for hóle [MS. H. héle] ne for unrihtre feohgyrnesse I do not accuse N. from hate or with the intention of slandering him or from an unjust desire for money, L. O. 4; Th. i. 180, 11. Ðæs deópne áþ Drihten áswór and ðone mid sóðe swylce gefrymede ðæt hé hine for hóle ǽr ne áswóre gehét Dauide swá hé him dyde syððan juravit Dominus David verítatem, et non frustrabitur eam, Ps. Th. 131, 11; cf. Grff. iv. 849, huolian. [Icel. hól flattery, boasting.] v. holunga, hoelan, hólian.
hola, an; m. A hole :-- Of ðám oterholan from the otter hole, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 23, 30. [Prompt. Parv. hole foramen: Icel. hola; f. a hole: O. H. Ger. holi: Ger. höhle.]
holc, es; n. [?] A hollow, cavity: -- Weaxeþ ðæt yfele blód on ðám holcum ðæs líchoman the evil blood increases in the hollow parts of the body, L. M. 1, 72; Lchdm. ii. 148, 7. On ðám holcum ðære lifre in the hollows of the liver, Lchdm. ii. 160, 26. [Cf. snikeð in ed te breoste holke, O. E. Homl. i. 251, 19: Halliwell Dict. holke, holket hollow: or is the meaning similar to that of hylca, q.v.?]
hold, es; m. A title which seems to have been introduced by the Danes. It occurs several times in the Chronicle, e.g. Ysopa hold and Óscytel hold, 905; Erl. 98, 34. Þurcytel eorl and ða holdas ealle, 918; Erl. 104, 22. Þurferþ eorl and ða holdas, 921; Erl. 107, 28. It is the Norse höldr which is thus defined 'sá er höldr er hann hefir óðöl at erfðum tekit bæði eptir föður ok möður, þau er bans forellrar hafa átt áðr fyrir þéim,' see Cl. and Vig. Dict. höldr. The importance of the hold in England is marked in the following passage :-- Holdes and cyninges heáhgeréfan wergild iiii þúsend þrymsa, L. Wg. 4; Th. i. 186, 8.
hold, es; a. A carcase, body :-- Swá hwǽr swá hold byþ ubicunque fuerit corpus, Mt. Kmbl. 24, 28. Ðá woldon óðre fugelas fleón tó ðam holde descenderunt volucres super cadavera, Gen. 15, 11. Swá swá grǽdige ræmmas ðar ðar hí hold geseóþ like greedy ravens, where they see a carcase, L. Ælfc. P. 49; Th. ii. 386, 3: L. I. P. 19; Th. ii. 328, 5. Tódǽlon ðæs deádan hold him betwýnan cadaver mortui inter se dispertient, Ex. 21, 35. [Þu fule hold olidum cadaver, O. E. Homl. ii. 183, 15: Icel. hold flesh.]
hold; adj. Kind, friendly, pleasant, favourable, gracious [of a prince to his subject], faithful, loyal, devoted, liege [of a subject to his prince] :-- Drihten gedyde ðæt ðæs cwearternes ealdor him wærþ swíðe hold dominus dedit ei gratiam in conspectu principis carceris, Gen. 39, 21. Hé wearþ cristnum monnum swíðe hold benignus erga Christianos, Ors. 6, 12; Swt. 266, 22. Swá hold is God mancynne ðæt hé hæfþ geset his englas ús tó hyrdum God is so gracious to mankind that he hath appointed angels as our guardians, Homl. Th. i. 170, 9: Cd. 60; Th. 73, 10; Gen. 1202: 107; Th. 142, 26; Gen. 2367. Ðam byþ God hold ðe biþ his hláforde rihtlíce hold God will be gracious to him who is rightly faithful to his lord, L. C. E. 20; Th. i. 372, 12, Hé cwæþ ðæt hé heom hold hláford beón wolde, Chr. 1014: Erl. 150, 10. Ðonne biþ se holda þeówa geset ofer manegum gódum then will the faithful servant be set over many goods, Homl. Th. ii. 552, 23. Ic wille beón N. hold and getríwe I will be faithful and true to N., L. O. 1; Th. i. 178, 4: Cd. 196; Th. 244, 4; Dan. 443: Beo. Th. 2463; B. 1229. Ic eom ðín hold scealc tuus sum ego, Ps. Th. 118, 94. Fram sóðum martirdóme ðæs hálgan weres his holdan pápan from the true martyrdom of the holy man, his gracious pope, Homl. Th. ii. 310, 29. Hé horn hefeþ holdes folces exaltavit cornu populi sui, Ps. Th. 148, 14. Heriaþ hine on hleóðre holdre béman laudate eum in sono tubæ, 150, 3. Eáran habbaþ ne hí áwiht mágon holdes gehýran ears have they but nought pleasing can they hear, 134, 17. Holdum Gode ic sealmas singe psallum Deo meo, 145, 1. Ic gebócie sumne dǽl landes mínum holdan and getriówan þegne, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 256, 8. Hé hí on hihte holdre lǽdde deduxit eos in spe, Ps. Th. 77, 53. Áhte ic holdne hláford I had a gracious lord, Exon. 100 b; Th. 379, 26; Deór. 39: Ps. Th. 150, 1: Cd. 106; Th. 139, 22; Gen. 2313. Ic geornlíce gode þegnode þurh holdne hyge I diligently served God with loyal mind, 28; Th. 37, 7; Gen. 586. Heó dyde hit ðeáh þurh holdne hyge yet did she it with purpose kind, 33; Th. 44, 12; Gen. 708: Beo. Th. 539; B. 267. Áhyld mé ðín eáre tó holde móde graciously incline thine ear to me, Ps. Th. 70, 2: 85, 6. Nele mé Israhél behealdan holde móde Israel will not regard me with loyalty, 80, 11; 118, 112. Ealle Rómáne wurdon cristnum monnum swá holde ðæt hie on monegum templum áwriten ðæt ǽlc cristen mon hæfde friþ all the Romans shewed so much favour to the Christians that they wrote up in many temples that every Christian man should have protection, Ors. 6, 13; Swt. 268, 19: Exon. 36 b; Th. 119, 7; Gú. 251. Holde frýnd mé sǽdon faithful friends told me, Homl. Th. 414, 7. Uton beón á úrum hláforde holde and getrýwe let us ever be to our lord loyal and true, L. C. E. 20; Th. i. 372, 8: Homl. Th. ii. 68, 9. Hí woldon him beón holde and gehýrsume they [the monks] would be loyal and obedient to him [the abbot], Chr. 1083; Erl. 217, 6. Alle míne þegnes and míne holde freónd on Hertfordesire all my thanes and faithful friends in Hertfordshire, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iv. 217, 5. Frýnd synd hie míne georne holde on hyra hygesceaftum ic mæg hyra hearra wesan, Cd. 15; Th. 19, 8; Gen. 288. Wé witon ðæt ǽghwylcum men biþ leófre swá hé hæbbe holdra freónda má we know that the more faithful friends a man has the better he likes it, Blickl. Homl. 123, 1: Beo. Th. 979; B. 487. Is sáwl mín symble on ðínum holdum handum anima mea in manibus tuis semper, Ps. Th. 118, 109. Holdost most faithful, Byrht. Th. 132, 31; By. 24. [Laym. þin holde mon: Orm. þin laferrd birrþ þe beon hold and trigg: O. E. Homl. mid holde mode: O. Sax. O. Frs. hold: Icel. hollr gracious, faithful, wholesome: O. H. Ger. hold propitius, fidelis, devotus: Ger. hold.] v. un-hold.
hold-áþ, es; m. An oath of fealty :-- Hí wéron his menn and him holdáþas swóron ðæt hí woldon ongeán ealle óðre menn him holde beón they did homage to him and swore oaths of fealty to him that they would be loyal to him against all other men, Chr. 1085; Erl. 219, 7. Hé dyde ðæt ealle ða heáfodmæn on Normandig dydon manrǽden and holdáþas is sunu Willelme, 1115; Erl. 245, 12. [R. Glouc. Havel. holde-, hold-oþ.]
holde; adv. Graciously, with devotion, Ps. Th. 71, 2: 142, 6. v. hold.
holdigean eviscerare, Gl. Prud. 337.
hold-líce; adv. Graciously, with kindness or friendliness, with devotion or attachment, faithfully, loyally :-- Holdlíce affectuose vel devote, Ælfc. Gl. 115; Som. 80, 50; Wrt. Woc. 61, 28. Hé cwæþ swíðe holdlíce be us 'Fæder mín ic wille ðæt ða ðe ðú mé forgeáfe beón mid mé ðǽr ic beó' he said very graciously concerning us 'My Father, I will that those whom thou hast given me be with me where I am,' Homl. Th. ii. 368, 10: Cd. 220; Th. 283, 27; Sat. 311: Ps. Th. 54, 11: 58, 3. Holdlíce kindly, Exon. 27 b; Th. 83, 18; Cri. 1358. Hé mé holdlíce þegnade he served me faithfully, Ps. Th. 100, 6. Hwá ðás ælmesse holdlíce healde healde hine God, Chart. Th. 369, 29. Cwǽdon holdlíce hýran woldon said they would listen devoutly, Andr. Kmbl. 3276; An. 1641. Eádwearde hýrdon holdlíce loyally obeyed Edward, Chr. 1065; Erl. 196, 33; Edw. 14: Exon. 41 b; Th. 138, 14; Gú. 576. Ðæt Drihtne ful holdlíce hýran ut serviant Domino, Ps. Th. 101, 20.
hold-rǽden, e; f. Faithfulness, loyalty, faithful discharge of duty to a superior :-- Hire hyrdeman þurh holdrǽdene sume ác ástáh her herdsman in the discharge of his duty had ascended an oak, Homl. Th. ii. 150, 30.
hold-scipe, es; m. Loyalty, fealty, allegiance :-- Eallra ðæra manna land hí fordydon ðe wǽron innan ðæs cynges holdscipe they destroyed the lands of all those men that were in allegiance to the king, Chr. 1087; Erl. 224, 15. Sægdon ðæt hí hit dyden for ðes mynstres holdscipe said that they did it on account of the loyalty of the monastery, 1070; Erl. 209, 15.
holen, holegn, es; m. Holly :-- Holen acrifolius, Ælfc. Gl. 47; Som. 65, 23; Wrt. Voc. 33, 23: ulcia, Wrt. Voc. 80, 12: acrivolus, 285, 37. Holegn acrifolius, Gl. Amplon. 131: Gl. Mett. 34 [Leo]. Holenrinde holly-bark, L. M. 1, 32; Lchdm. ii. 78, 12. Holenleáfa holly leaves, 3, 69; Lchdm. ii. 356, 11. Holen sceal in æled holly shall to the fire, Exon. 90 a; Th. 338, 17; Gn. Ex. 80. Se fealwa holen the sere holly, Exon. 114 a; Th. 437, 19; Rä. 56, 10. [A. R. holin, holie. For the form hollen (hollin, holyn) see E. D. S. Plant Names. p. 263.] v. cneów-holen.
holh, holg, es; n. A hollow, cavity, hole :-- Hwæt tácnaþ ðæt holh on ðæm weobude búton gódra monna geþyld? Forðam ðonne mon his mód geeáðmódgeþ ðæt he wiðerweardnesse and scande forbere ðonne geeácnaþ hé sum holh on his móde swá swá ðæt weobud hæfþ on him uppan. Holh wæs beboden ðæt sceolde beón on ðæm weobude uppan ... wel hit wæs gecueden ðæt ðæt holh sceolde beón on ðæm weobude ánre elne brád and ánre elne long quod est altaris fossa, nisi bonorum patientia quæ, dum mentem ad adversa toleranda humiliat, quasi more foveæ hanc in imo positam demonstrat? Fossa ergo in altari fiat ... Bene autem hæc eadem fossa unius cubiti esse monstratur, Past. 33, 3; Swt. 219, 1-10. Ðǽr ðǽr se iil hæfde his holh ibi habuit foveam ericius, 35, 3; Swt. 241, 7. In ðæm wæs ðæt holg ðæs nearwan scræfes, Lchdm. iii. 365, col. 1. [Laym. holʒes, pl. and holh; adj: R. Glouc. holu, sing, adj; holwe. pl: Chauc. holwe pl. adj.]
holian; p. ode To hollow out, make hollow, dig, make a hole; cavare :-- Hí ðá hwæthwega holodon and ðǽrrihte ðæt wæter swá genihtsumlíce út fleów ðæt hit arn streámrynes of ðam munte they then hollowed out [the rock] a little, and straightway the water flowed out so abundantly that it ran streaming from the mountain, Homl. Th. ii. 162, 7. [A. R. ne holieþ nout aduneward ase doþ þe uoxes: Prompt. Parv. holyñ cavo, perforo, terebro: Goth. us-hulon to excavate: Icel. hola to make hollow: O. H. Ger. holian, holon fodere, perforarare, excavare: Ger. höhlen.] DER. á-holian.
hólian to speak evil of, slander, calumniate :-- Ne sele ðú mé hóliendum mé non tradas me calumniantibus me, Ps. Lamb. 118, 121. [Orm. holen o þe laʒhe leod, 9319, with which compare Goth. holon in Lk. 3, 14: cf. O. H. Ger. huolian, Grff. iv. 849.] v. hól, hólunga.
holm, es; m. A mound, hill, rising ground; but in this sense, which belongs to the word in the Old Saxon, it is not found in English. I. Its most common use in the latter, in the poetry, is in reference to water with the meaning wave, ocean, water, sea :-- Freá engla héht wesan wæter gemǽne ðá stód hraðe holm under heofonum síd ætsomne the lord of angels bade the waters be together, then quickly stood ocean under heaven far-stretching continuously, Cd. 8; Th. 10, 23; Gen. 161. Holm the [Red] sea, 157; Th. 195, 30; Exod. 284: 166; Th. 206, 9; Exod. 449. Holm the water of the deluge, 71; Th. 86, 15; Gen. 1431. Holm storme weól, Beo. Th. 2267; B. 1131. Holm heolfre weóll [of the lake where Grendel dwelt], 4282; B. 2137: 3189; B. 1592. Wíde rád ofer holmes hrincg hof séleste [of the ark], Cd. 69; Th. 84, 5; Gen. 1393. Eów is holmes hlæst and heofonfuglas and wildu deór on geweald geseald the fishes of the sea, the fowls of the air, and the beasts of the earth are delivered into your hand, 74; Th. 91, 20; Gen. 1515. Wið holme foldan sceldun guarded land against sea, Exon. 22 a; Th. 61, 4; Cri. 979. On holme, 97 a; Th. 363, 9; Wal. 51: Beo. Th. 1090; B. 543: 2875; B. 1435. Æt holme by the sea, 3832; B. 1914. Sealt wæter hreóh mé holme besencte tempestas demersit me, Ps. Th. 68, 2. Ðá wæs heofonweardes gást ofer holm boren the spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters, Cd. 6; Th. 8, 7; Gen. 121. Léton holm beran they let the sea bear him, Beo. Th. 96; B. 48. Ofer wídne holm, Exon. 79 a; Th. 296, 23; Crä. 55. Ofer heánne holm, Elen. Kmbl. 1962; El. 983: Cd. 213; Th. 266, 4; Sat. 17: Exon. 77 b; Th. 291, 14; Wand. 82. Ðá ic on holm gestáh when I embarked, Beo. Th. 1269; B. 632: Andr. Kmbl. 858; An. 429. Heá holmas deep waters, Exon. 54 b; Th. 193, 17; Az. 123. Holmas dǽlde waldend úre God divided the waters, Cd. 8; Th. 9, 24; Gen. 146: Exon. 93 a; Th. 349, 31; Sch. 54. Hider ofer holmas hither over the waves, Beo. Th. 485; B. 240. Windge holmas stormy seas, Exon. 20 a; Th. 53, 26; Cri. 856. Holma begang the way across the waters, Ps. Th. 138, 18: Andr. Kmbl. 390; An. 195: Bt. Met. Fox 11, 69; Met. 11, 30. Holma geþring, Beo. Th. 4271; B. 2132. Holma gelagu, Exon. 82 a; Th. 309, 28; Seef. 64. II. From the Scandinavian hólmr an islet especially in a bay, creek, lake, or river, it is used in English with the meaning land rising from the water, an island in a river, etc., holm [in local names] :-- Ðý ilcan geáre wæs ðæt gefeoht æt ðam Holme Cantwara and ðara Deniscra, Chr. 902; Th. 180, col. 2. Hér fór Cnut Cyng tó Denmearcon mid scipon tó ðam holme æt eá ðære hálgan, 1025; Erl. 163, 7. [Laym. holm: Prompt. Parv. holm, place besydone a water hulmus; of a sonde yn the see bitalassum vel hulmus. v. p. 243, note 2, and 244, note 2.] DER. sǽ-, wǽg-holm.
holm-ærn, es; n. A sea-house, vessel, ship :-- Holmærna mǽst earc Noes, Cd. 71; Th. 85, 30; Gen. 1422.
holm-clif, es; n. A sea-cliff, cliff by the water-side :-- On, fram ðam holmclife [the holm is the lake where Grendel dwelt], Beo. Th. 2846, 3274; B. 1421, 1635. Se ðe holmclifu healdan scolde he who had to guard the sea-cliffs, 465; B. 230. [O. Sax. holm-klif a hill.]
holmeg; adj. Oceanic :-- Holmegum wederum with storms such as blow at sea, Cd. 148; Th. 185, 6; Exod. 118.
holm-mægen, es; n. The might of the ocean, the ocean, Exon. 101 a; Th. 382, 10; Rä. 3, 9.
holm-þracu; g. -þræce; f. The violence of the sea, the tossing of the waves, the ocean, Andr. Kmbl. 933; An. 467. Ðú geworhtest heofon and eorþan and holmþræce thou didst make heaven and earth and the sea with its tossing waves, Elen. Kmbl. 1453; El. 728: Exon. 17 b; Th. 42, 25; Cri. 678: 57 b; Th. 205, 19; Ph. 115.
holm-weall, es; m. A wall formed by the sea, Cd. 166; Th. 207, 16; Exod. 467.
holm-weard, es; m. One who keeps guard at sea, a sea-warder, Andr. Kmbl. 718; An. 359.
holm-weg, es; m. A way over the sea, Andr. Kmbl. 764; An. 382.
holm-wylm, es; m. The surge of the sea, Beo. Th. 4814; B. 2411.
holor, holrian. v. heolora, heoloran.
HOLT, es; m. n. I. a HOLT, wood, grove, copse :-- Holt lucus, Ælfc. Gr. 8; Som. 7, 30: nemus, 9, 32; Som. 12, 17: saltus, Ælfc. Gl. 45; Som. 64, 104; Wrt. Voc. 32, 39: nemus vel saltus, Wrt. Voc. 80, 34. Wildeóra holt, Salm. Kmbl. 116; Sal. 82. Holtes frætwe fruit, Exon. 57 a; Th. 202, 22; Ph. 73. Hé lét him ðá of handon fleógan hafoc wið ðæs holtes he let the hawk fly from his hands towards the wood, Byrht. Th. 131, 14; By. 8: Rood Kmbl. 58; Kr. 29. Uton gán innan on ðisses holtes hleó let us go within the shelter of this grove, Cd. 39; Th. 52, 7; Gen. 840; Exon. 62 a; Th. 227, 26; Ph. 429. Wulf holtes gehléða, Elen. Kmbl. 225; El. 113. Sum sceal on holte of heáhbeáme feallan, Exon. 87 b; Th. 328, 21; Vy. 21: Bt. Met. Fox 13, 103, 73; Met. 13, 52, 37. Gewiton áweg tó holte they went away to the wood, Homl. Th. ii. 516, 12. Holt ofgeáfon they left the wood, Beo. Th. 5685; B. 2846: 5190; B. 2598. Abraham ðá plantode ǽnne holt Abraham vero plantavit nemus, Gen. 21, 33. Ful oft unc holt wrugon wudubeáma helm, Exon. 129 a; Th. 496, 1; Rä. 85, 7. Ðú geond holt wunast thou shall dwell among the woods, Cd. 203; Th. 252, 6; Dan. 574. II. wood; lignum :-- Ic geseah holt hweorfende I saw wood moving, Exon. 114 a; Th. 438, 5; Rä. 57, 3. Holte bi[h]lǽnan to pile wood round, 74 a; Th. 277, 7; Jul. 577. [Laym. Chauc. holt: Prompt. Parv. holt, lytylle wode lucus, virgultum, p. 244, v. note: O. Frs. holt wood, stick: Icel. holt wood, coppice (nearly obsolete); a rough stony hill: O. H. Ger. holz nemus, silva, sallus, arbor, lignum: Ger. holz.] DER. æsc-, firgen-, ofer-, wudu-holt.
holt-hana, an; m. A wood-cock; acegia, Gl. Mett. 41: Gl. Ampion. 138.
hól-tihte, an; f. Calumny, slander :-- Hóltihte vel teóne calumnia, Ælfc. Gl. 15; Som. 58, 36; Wrt. Voc. 21, 29.
holt-wudu, a; m. I. a wood; silva, nemus, Beo. Th. 2743; B. 1369: Exon. 58 a; Th. 209, 16; Ph. 171. II. wood from a holt, forest-wood; lignum, Beo. Th. 4669; B. 2340: Rood Kmbl. 179; Kr. 91.
hólunga; adv. In vain, to no purpose, without cause, without intent :-- Hólunga sine causa, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 15, 9. Nales hólunge not without cause, Cd. 48; Th. 61, 14; Gen. 997. Nalles hólinga, Beo. Th. 2156; B. 1076. Wæs his fæder gelǽred in ða gerýno Cristes geleáfan ac hólinga pater ejus sacramentis Christiana fidei imbutus esl, sed frustra, Bd. 2, 15; S. 518, 29. Gif hé hit hólinga dó fæste i geár si casu fecerit, i annum jejunet, L. Ecg. P. iv. 68, 22; Th. ii. 230, 27. Ðære tíde wæs ðæt mǽste wæll geworden on Norþanhymbra þeóde and cyrican. Ne wæs ðæt hólenga forðon óðer ðæra heretogena wæs hǽðen óðer wæs ðam hǽðenan grimra quo tempore maxima est facta strages in ecclesia vel gente Nordanhymbrorum, maxime quod unus ex ducibus paganus, alter erat pagano sævior, Bd. 2, 20; S. 521, 19. Mid ðý wé wið ðam winde and wið ðam sǽ holonga campodan cumque cum vento pelagoque frustra certantes, 5, 1; S. 613, 27.
hom, hóme, homer, v. ham, óme, hamer.
homela, homola, an; m. A word of uncertain meaning occurring in the following passage :-- Gif hé hine on bismor tó homolan bescire mid x sciɫɫ. gebéte. Gif hé hine tó preóste bescire mid xxx sciɫɫ. gebéte, L. Alf. pol. 35; Th. i. 84, 5. See the note there; see also on cutting the hair as a mark of disgrace, Grimm's Deutsche Rechtsalterthümer, pp. 702-3. v. hamelian. and cf. [?] Scot. hummel, homyll having no horns.
hón; p. héng; pp. hangen To hang, suspend, crucify :-- Gé hig hóþ crucifigetis, Mt. Kmbl. 23, 34. Hine man héng ille suspensus est in cruce, Gen. 41, 13. Hig hine héngon crucifixerunt eum, Lk. Skt. 23, 33. Ðóne héngon on heáne beám fæderas ússe, Elen. Kmbl. 847; El. 424. Hóh hine crucifige eum, Mk. Skt. 15, 13. Hóh hyne hóh hyne: Ðá cwæþ pilatus tó him Nime gé hine and hóþ, Jn. Skt. 19, 6. Hóh on earm hang it on to the arm, Med. ex Quadr. 9, 12; Lchdm, i. 362, 27. Ðone óðerne hé hét hón on gealgan alterum suspendit in crucem, Gen. 40, 22. Hét se wælhreówa hine hón on heardre hengene, Homl. Th. ii. 308, 29. Ðǽr wǽron gelǽdde twegen sceaþan for heora synnum tó hónne there were brought two thieves to be crucified for their sins, 254, 22. Tó hóanne ad crucifigendum, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 20, 19. Ic hæbbe mihte ðé tó hónne, Jn. Skt. 19, 10. Ðǽm hóendum crucifigentibus, Lk. Skt. 11, 7. Frignan ongan on hwylcum ðara beáma bearn wealdendes hangen wǽre. Elen. Kmbl. 1701; El. 851. [Laym. hon; p. heng: Orm. Chauc. Piers P. heng, p: Goth. hahan; p. haihah: Icel. hanga; p. hékk pendere: O. Frs. hua; p. heng; pp. huen: O. H. Ger. hahan; p. hieng figere, crucifigere, suspendere.] DER. a-, be-, bi-, ge-hón.
hón tendrils of a vine [?] :-- Ðá geseah ic gyldenne wíngeard trumlícne and fæstlícne and ða twígo his hongodon geond ða columnan. ða wundrode ic ðæs swíðe. wǽron in ðæm wíngearde gyldenu leáf and his hón and his wæstmas wǽron cristallum and smaragdus eác ðæt gimcyn mid ðæm cristallum ingemong hongode vineamque solidam auro argentoque inter columnas pendentem miratus sum. in qua folia aurea racemique cristallini ligis erant interpositi, distinguentibus smaragdis, Nar. 4, 31.
hona, hon-, hond, hongian. v. hana, heonu, han-, hand, hangian.
HOPA, an; m. HOPE :-- Geleáffullum mannum mæg beón micel hopa tó ðam menniscum Gode Criste believing men may have great hope on the human God, Christ, Homl. Th. i. 350, 24. Ne bepǽce Ezechias eów mid leásum hopan let not Hezekiah deceive you with false hope, 568, 8. [Laym. Orm. A. R. hope: Du. hoop: Dan. haab: M. H. Ger. hoffe.] DER. tó-hopa.
hóp-gehnást, es; n. The dashing together of waves in a bay [?] :-- Bídaþ stille stealc stánhleoþu streámgewinnes hópgehnástes ðonne heáh geþring on cleofu crýdeþ the steep rocks await quietly the strife of the sea, the dash of the waves, when the press of waters towering up crowds on to the cliffs, Exon. 101 b; Th. 384, 13; Rä. 4, 27. [Cf. Icel. hóp a small landlocked bay or inlet: Scot. hope a haven.]
hopian; p. ode, ede To hope, have hope or confidence [in a person], expect, watch for [with gen.] :-- Ic hopige tó him swá gódan and swá mildheortan ðæt hé hit nylle sylf dón I have confidence in him, so good and merciful, that he himself will not do it, Chart. Th. 548, 20. Ðú dysegost manna ðú hopast ðæt ðú hæbbe þoftrǽdene tó ðam áwyrigedan deófle thou most foolish of men, thou trustest that thou hast fellowship with the accursed devil, Homl. Th. ii. 416, 14. Swá eác úre hiht ne becom ná tó ðam ðe hé hopaþ so also our hope has not arrived at that for which it hopes, i. 250, 25. Ðonne hé eall forsihþ eorþlícu gód and hopaþ tó ðám écum, Bt. Met. Fox 7, 87; Met. 7, 44. Se synfulla hopaþ symle ðæs rihtwísan considerat peccator justum, Ps. Th. 36, 32. Ðæt ðæt Maria dyde tó ðam wé hopiaþ that which Mary did, for that we hope, Homl. Th. ii. 442, 33. Landfranc gewát of ðissum lífe ac wé hopiaþ ðæt hé férde tó ðæt heofanlíce ríce. Chr. 1089; Erl. 226, 15. Ic tó ðé hopode in te speravi, Ps. Th. 30, 17. Hé hopode ðæt hé gesáwe sum tácen sperabat signum aliquod videre, Lk. Skt. 23, 8. Hæbbende ðæs ðe wé ǽr hopedon, Homl. Th. i. 250, 35. Wé tó ðínum hidercyme hopodan and hyhtan. Blickl. Homl. 87, 11. Hopedon sperabamus, Lk. Skt. 24, 21. Ðá fíf cyningas hopodon tó lífe the five kings hoped to save their lives, Jos. 10, 16. Ne hopige nán man tó ðyssere leásunge, Homl. Th. ii. 572, 21. Hit nys nó unnyt ðǽt wé hopien tó Gode forðæm hé ne went swá swá wé dóþ it is not vain for us to have hope in God; for he does not change as we do, Bt. 42; Fox 258, 20. Ðæt hí swá hopigen tó ðære forgiefnesse ut sic de spe fiduciam habeant, Past. 53, 5; Swt. 415, 19. Bebeódaþ ðæt hí ne hopian on heora ungewissum welan bid them not to put their trust in their uncertain riches, Homl. Th. i. 256, 25. Ne þearf hé hopian nó ðæt hé ðonan móte he has no ground for hoping that he may go thence, Judth. 10; Thw. 23, 12; Jud. 117. Ða hopiendan on ðé sperantes in te, Ps. Spl. 16, 8. [M. H. Ger. hoffen.] DER. tó-hopian.
hópig; adj. In hills and hollows [applied to the sea in reference to the deep depressions between high waves; cf. Scot. hope a sloping hollow between two hills, or the hollow that is formed between two ridges on one hill] :-- Com ic on sǽs hricg ðǽr mé sealt wæter hreóh and hópig holme besencte veni in allitudinem maris; et tempestas demersit me, Ps. Th. 68, 2.
hóp-páda, an; m. An upper tunic, cope :-- Hóppáda ependeton [= GREEK], Ælfc. Gl. 112; Som. 79, 83; Wrt. Voc. 59, 52.
hoppe, an; f. An ornament suspended from the neck, a bell [?] hung from a dog's neck :-- Hryðeres belle and hundes hoppe ǽlc biþ ánes sciɫɫ. weorþ and ǽlc is melda geteald an ox's bell and that on a dog's collar, each is worth a shilling and each is reckoned an informer, L. Edg. H. 8; Th. i. 260, 16. Hie eall him gesealdon ðæt hie ðá hæfdon búton ðæt ǽlc wífmon hæfde áne yndsan goldes and án pund seolfres and ǽlc wǽpnedmon ǽnne hring and áne hoppan ita ut nihil præter annulos singulos, bullasque sibi ac filiis, et deinde per filias uxoresque suas singulas tantum auri uncias, et argenti non amplius quam singulas libras relinquerent, Ors. 4, 10; Swt. 196, 21.
hoppere, es; m. A dancer; saltator. Som.
hoppestre, an; f. A female dancer :-- Ðæs mǽran wítegan deáþ ðære lyðran hoppystran tó méde forgeaf rewarded that vile dancer with the death of the illustrious prophet, Homl. Th. i. 484, 3. [Chauc. hoppestre.]
hoppetan; p. te To jump about [for joy], leap, rejoice, to throb [of a wound] :-- Swá benne ne burnon ne burston ne hoppetan so that the wounds should neither burn nor burst nor throb, L. M. 3, 63; Lchdm. ii. 352, 1. Ðæne ðe méder on rife hoppetende beclýsed Johannes undergeat quem matris alvo gestiens clausus Johannes senserat, Hymn. Surt. 51, 1. v. next word.
hoppian; p. ode To hop, leap, dance :-- Ðá blissode mín cild on mínum innoþe and hoppode ongeán his Drihten then rejoiced my child in my womb, and leaped towards his Lord, Homl. Th. i. 202, 18. [Chauc. Piers P. hoppe to dance, jump: Icel. hoppa to skip, bound: M. H. Ger. hoppen: Ger. hüpfen.]
hopp-scýte, an; f. A coverlet [?] :-- Ic geann ánes beddreáfes mid wahhryfte and mid hoppscýtan, Chart. Th. 529, 12.
hopu lygustra, Lchdm. iii. 332, col. 2.
hora-seáþ, Bt. 37, 2; Fox 188, 1. v. horu-seáþ.
hór-cwene, an; f. An adulteress, whore :-- Hórcwenan, L. E. G. 11; Th. i. 172, 21: L. Eth. vi. 7; Th. i. 316, 21: L. C. S. 4; Th. i. 378, 7. [Icel. hór-kona an adulteress.]
HORD, es; n. m. HOARD, treasure :-- Hord thesaurus. Wrt. Voc. 86, 47. Ðá wæs óþboren beága hord then was borne off the hoard of rings, Beo. Th. 4557; B. 2284: 6015; B. 3011. Hyrde ðæs hordes keeper of the hoard, Exon. 130 a; Th. 498, 7; Rä. 87, 9: Beo. Th. 1778; B. 887. Ðæs ðe heáh hlioþe horde onféngon after the lofty hills had received the treasure [the ark], Cd. 71; Th. 86, 32; Gen. 1439. Hǽðnum horde, Beo. Th. 4438; B. 2216. Hord eald enta geweorc, 5540; B. 2773. Ðæt hord, 6244; B. 3126. Hord under hrusan [the nails of the cross], Elen. Kmbl. 2181; El. 1092. Hí ealgodon hord and hámas they defended treasures and homes, Chr. 937; Erl. 112, 10; Æðelst. 10. Hé ðæt fácen hafaþ in his heortan, hord unclǽne he hath that deceit in his heart, a hoard unclean, Frag. Recd. 11; Leás 6. Hord, heortan geþohtas. Exon. 23 a; Th. 65, 1; Cri. 1048: 23 b; Th. 65, 17; Cri. 1056. Breósta hord, Th. 66, 17; Cri. 1074. Breósta hord, gást the breast's treasure, the spirit, Cd. 79; Th. 97, 6; Gen. 1608. His synna hord onténde he confessed his sins, Ps. C. 50, 28; Grn. ii. 277, 28: 151, 155; Grn. ii. 280, 151, 155. Sáwle hord, Beo. Th. 4835; B. 2422. Hordas, gerýne arcana, Mone B. 4216 (v. gold-hord). [Laym. Orm. A. R. Chauc. hord: Goth. huzd; n: O. Sax. hord; n: Icel. hodd; n. ( but a late form hoddar; pl. occurs) in poetry only hoard, treasure: O. H. Ger. hort; n. thesaurus.] DER. beáh-, bóc-, brand-, breóst-, feorh-, flǽsc-, gold-, greót-, líc-, máðm-, mód-, sáwl-, wamb-, word-, wyrm-hord.
hord-burh, -burg, e; f. A city containing treasure, Cd. 93; Th. 121, 9; Gen. 2007: Beo. Th. 938; B. 467.
hord-cleófa, -clýfa, an; m. A treasure-chamber, treasury, store-room, closet :-- Hí gáþ in tó ðínum húse and tó ðínum bedde and tó ðínum hordclýfan ingredientur cubiculum lectuli tui et super stratum tuum, Exod. 8, 3. Ic hæbbe on mínum hordcleófan án wundorlíc weorc I have in my treasury a wondrous work, Homl. Skt. 5, 260. Hí sóhton ðone behíddan mete on heora hordcleófan they sought the hidden food in their closets, Ælfc. T. 42, 14; Grn. 21, 13, v. next word.
hord-cófa, an; m. A place for treasure, a retired chamber, closet, a place where the thoughts are stored [v. hord], the breast, heart :-- Ðá æfter ðon ðá cégde seó hálige Mariæ tó eallum apostolum on hire hordcófan post hec vocavit Sancta Maria omnes apostolos in cubiculo suo, Blickl. Homl. 143, 34. Ðæt hé his ferþlocan fæste binde healde [MS. healdne] his hordcófan that he close fast his mind's coffer and preserve the treasury of his thoughts, Exon. 76 b; Th. 287, 14 [cf. 22]; Wand. 14. Hine mid ealle innancundum heortum hordcófan helpe biddaþ in toto corde exquirunt eum, Ps. Th. 118, 2.
hordere, es; m. A treasurer, steward, chamberlain [v. Kemble's Saxons in England ii. 106] :-- Hordere cellerarius, Wrt. Voc. 83, 6. Ðá hét hé his hordere ðæt glæsene fæt syllan ðam biddendan subdiácone. Se hordere cwæþ him tó andsware gif hé ðam biddendum sealde ðæt hé nán þing næfde his gebróðrum tó syllenne then he bade his steward give the glass vessel to the requesting subdeacon. The steward said in answer, that if he gave it he should have nothing to give to his brethren, Homl. Th. ii. 178, 22: Chr. 1131; Erl. 260, 12. Ðis forward was makid wid ordríc hordere, Chart. Th. 438, 3, 7. Cynges hordera oððe úra geréfena swilc, L. Ath. 1, 3; Th. i. 200, 23, see note. Nán man ne hwyrfe nánes yrfes bútan ðæs geréfan gewitnesse ... oððe ðæs horderes, 9; Th. i. 204, 19. [Ayenb. hordier treasurer.]
hord-ern, -ærn, es; n. A store-house, store-room, treasury :-- Hordern cellarium, Ælfc. Gl. 108; Som. 78, 100; Wrt. Voc. 58, 15: Lk. Skt. Lind. 12, 24. Cellaria uini id est hordern promptuaria, Blickl. Gl. 259, 5: Ps. Surt. 143, 13. Búton hit under ðæs wífes cǽglocan gebroht wǽre ðæt is hire hordern and hire cyste unless it has been put into the places which the wife locks up, that is, her storeroom and her chest, L. C. S. 77; Th. i. 418, 21. Hordærne neáh near to the treasure-house, Beo. Th. 5655; B. 2831. Hé is gód hordern on tó scǽwiene it is a good day for examining a storeroom, Lchdm. iii. 180, 6. Heora hordernu wǽron mid monigfealdum wlencum gefylde their storehouses were filled with manifold riches, Blickl. Homl. 99, 16. Hordærna sum, Beo. Th. 4548; B. 2279.
horder-wice, an; f. The office of a treasurer or steward, Chr. 1137; Erl. 263, 14.
hord-fæt, es; n. A vessel for holding treasure :-- Se Hálga Gást wunode on ðam æþelan innoþe and on ðam gecorenan hordfæte [of the Virgin Mary], Blickl. Homl. 105, 15: Hy. 11, 18; Hy. Grn. ii. 294, 18. Hí geopenodon heora hordfatu [cf. Mt. 2, 11 apertis thesauris suis] and him lac geoffrodon. Homl. Th. i. 78, 27: 116, 3. On heora hordfatum behíddon absconderunt inter vasa sua, Jos. 7, 11.
hord-geat, -gat, es; n. A door through which a treasure is reached :-- Hwylc ðæs hordgates cǽgan cræfte ða clamme onleác which, by the key's art, unlocked the fastenings of the door to the treasure, Exon. 112 a; Th. 429, 28; Rä. 43, 11.
hord-gestreón, es; n. Hoarded, accumulated wealth, that which has been acquired and now forms a 'hord' :-- Sum wæs ǽhtwelig in commedia heóld hordgestreón there was one of large possessions, he kept in Nicomedia his stored-up wealth, Exon. 66 a; Th. 244, 3; Jul. 22. Ne mót hé hionane lǽdan of ðisse worulde wuhte ðon máre hordgestreóna ðonne hé hider brohte, Bt. Met. Fox 14, 21; Met. 14, 11: Beo. Th. 6175; B. 3092. Mæst hlifade ofer Hroþgáres hordgestreónum the mast towered above the riches that had come from Hrothgar's hoard, 3803; B. 1899. Næs him hyht tó hordgestreónum no hope had they in hoarded wealth, Andr. Kmbl. 2229; An. 1116.
hordian; p. ode To HOARD, lay up [treasure], store: -- Ðæt hé for gýtsunge uncyste nánum óðrum syllan ne mæg ðæt hé hordaþ and nát hwam swá swá se wítega cwæþ 'on ídel biþ ǽlc man gedréfed se ðe hordaþ and nát hwam hé hit gegaderaþ' what he from the vice of avarice can give to no other he hoards, and knows not for whom, as the prophet says 'In vain is every man troubled who hoards, and knows not for whom he gathers it,' Homl. Th. i. 66, 3. Hordiaþ eówerne goldhord on heofenum lay up your treasure in heaven, ii. 104, 31. DER. gold-hordian.
hord-loca, an; m. A treasure-chest, coffer, metaph. the mind [v. hord] :-- Ðeáh ðe hé feohgestreón under hordlocæn ǽhte though he had wealth in his coffer, Exon. 66 b; Th. 245, 11; Jul. 43. Heald hordlocan hyge fæste bind keep thy thought's treasury, fast bind thy mind, 122 a; Th. 469, 16; Hy. 11, 3: Andr. Kmbl. 1342; An. 671.
hord-mádmum, es; m. A valuable present, jewel :-- Healsbeága mǽst, hordmádmum, Beo. Th. 2400; B. 1198.
hord-mægen, es; n. Abundance of wealth, riches, Cd. 209; Th. 258, 13; Dan. 675.
hord-weard, es; m. A guard of a hoard or treasure :-- Hordweard the dragon which watched over the treasure, Beo. Th. 4576; B. 2293: 4594; B. 2302: 5102; B. 2554: 5179; B. 2593. Hordweard hæleþa the Danish king, 2098; B. 1047: 3708; B. 1852. Hordwearda hryre [of the death of the first-born in Egypt], Cd. 144; Th. 179, 27; Exod. 35: [of the destruction of the Egyptians in the Red Sea], 169; Th. 210, 6; Exod. 511. Hordwearda gestreón the wealth of the princes of Israel, 174; Th. 220, 3; Dan. 65.
hord-wela, an; m. Hoarded, stored-up wealth :-- Ðeáh ðe hordwelan heólde lange, Beo. Th. 4677; B. 2344.
hord-weorþung, e; f. The honouring a person by bestowal of treasure, Beo. Th. 1908; B. 952.
hord-wynn, e; f. The delightful object that consists in hoarded treasure [applied to the treasure guarded by the dragon], Beo. Th. 4533; B. 2270.
hóre, an; f. A whore, harlot; meretrix, Hpt. Gl. 475, 484. [Laym. A. R. hore : Icel. hóra : O. H. Ger. huora : Ger. hure.]
horh, horg, es; m. n. A clammy humour, phlegm, rheum :-- Hrog [= horg] phlegma, Wrt. Voc. 64, 51. Horg flegma, 282, 67. Sió gíferness áríst of ðæs hores wǽtan the voracity arises from, the humour of the phlegm, L. M. 2, 16; Lchdm. ii. 196, 3. Wið langum sáre ðara tóþa þurh horh, 1, 1; Lchdm. ii. 24, 4. Gif him ofstondeþ on innan ǽnigu ceald wǽte ðonne spíwaþ hie ðæt horh . . . ðæt ofstandene þicce horh, 2, 16; Lchdm. ii. 194, 15-21. Ðonne spíwaþ hie sóna ðone þiccan horh, 2, 28; Lchdm. ii. 224, 15. Horas pituita, i. e. minuta saliva, Ælfc. Gl. 78; Som. 72, 55; Wrt. Voc. 46, 15. v. horu.
horheht; adj. Full of phlegm, phlegmatic :-- Mid yfelre wǽtan horhehtre, L. M. 2, 28; Lchdm. ii. 224, 9 : 2, 27; Lchdm. ii. 222, 26. v. horweht.
horian, Ps. Th. 27, 1, note. v. harian.
horig, horhig; adj. Foul, dirty, defiled :-- Swá hit gedafenlíc is ðæt his reáf ne beó horig so is it proper that his vestment be not foul, L. Ælfc. C. 22 : Th. i. 350, 21. Næs his reáf horig, Homl. Th. i. 456, 20. Mid horium reáfe, 528, 24. Mid horhgum scicelse, Th. Ap. 13, 26. [O. E. Homl. þat brinþ hori to clene : Wick. hoori unclean : Chauc. horowe; pl : O. H. Ger. horig lutulentus, cenosus.]
hóring, es; m. An adulterer, fornicator :-- Hér sindon miltestran and bearnmyrðran and fúle forlegene hóringas, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 110, 181. [Cf. Goth. hórs : Icel. hórr.]
HORN, es; m. A HORN, a drinking-horn, a cupping-horn, a trumpet, the horn-shaped projection on the gable-end of a house [v. Dasent's translation of Njála, plate 3, p. cvii], a pinnacle :-- Oxan horn biþ x pæninga weorþ an ox's horn shall be worth ten pence, L. In. 58; Th. i. 138, 21. Se horn mínre hǽlo cornu salutis meæ, Ps. Th. 17, 3. Horn stundum song sometimes the horn sounded, Beo. Th. 2851; B. 1423. Hwílum teóh mid glæse oððe mid horne draw at times with a cupping-glass or horn, L. M. 2, 18; Lchdm. ii. 200, 13. Sete horn on ða openan scearpan put a cupping-horn on the open scarifications, 1, 56; Lchdm. ii. 126, 21. Gif feorrancumen man oððe fræmde búton wege gange and hé ðonne náwþer ne hrýme ne hé horn ne bláwe for þeóf hé biþ tó prófianne if a man come from a distance, or a stranger, go out of the highway, and he then neither shout nor blow a horn, he is to be tried as a thief, L. Wih. 28; Th. i. 42, 24. Syððan hie Hygeláces horn and býman galan ongeáton, Beo. Th. 5879; B. 2943. ii hnæppas and iiii hornas two bowls and four drinking-horns, Chart. Th. 429, 31. Ne býman ne hornas, Exon. 57 b; Th. 206, 30; Ph. 134. Ne hér ðisse healle hornas [horn næs, Th.] ne byrnaþ nor here do this hall's gables burn, Fins. Th. 7; Fin. 4. Ic wiht geseah wundorlíce horna ábitweónum húþe lǽdan I saw a creature [the moon] wondrously bringing spoil between its horns, Exon. 107 b; Th. 411, 19; Rä. 30, 2. Heorot hornum trum the hart firm-antlered, Beo. Th. 2742; B. 1369. Óþ wigbedes hornas usque ad cornu altaris, Ps. Th. 117, 25. [Goth. haurn; n. a horn, drinking-horn, trumpet, husk : O. Sax. horn-[seli] : O. Frs. horn; n. cornu, tuba : Icel. horn; n. a horn, drinking-horn, trumpet; a corner : O. H. Ger. horn; n. cornu, tuba, promontorium : Ger. horn; n.] DER. blǽd-, drenc-, fyhte-, gúþ-horn. v. án-horn.
horn [horh?]-ádl, e; f. A disease of foul humours in the stomach, L. M. 2, 27; Lchdm. ii. 222, 31.
horn-bǽre; adj. Horned, having horns; corniger, Ælfc. Gr. 8; Som. 7, 20.
horn-bláwere, es; m. A horn-blower, trumpeter :-- Hornbláwere cornicen, Wrt. Voc. 73, 63 : Ælfc. Gr. 9; Som. 9, 24. Ðǽr mihte wel bén ábúton twenti óðer þritte hornblaweres, Chr. 1127; Erl. 256, 36. [Cf. Goth. haurnja : O. H. Ger. horn-bláso tubicen, cornicen.]
horn-boga, an; m. A bow with the ends curved like a horn or a bow made of horn [?], [cf. Icel. horn-bogi a horn-bow, Cl. and Vig. Dict.] :-- Léton forþ fleógan hildenædran of hornbogan, Judth. 11; Thw. 24, 34; Jud. 222 : Beo. Th. 4866 : B. 2437. Ðǽr hé hornbogan [horn began?] hearde gebendeþ ibi confregit cornua arcuum, Ps. Th. 75, 3.
horn-bora, an; m. A horn-bearer, trumpeter, Elen. Kmbl. 107; El. 54.
horn-fisc, es; m. A garfish, a kind of pike :-- Hornfisc plegode glád geond gársecg, Andr. Kmbl. 740; An. 370. [Icel. horn-fiskr : Dan. horn-fisk garfish, esox belone.]
horn-geáp; adj. Having a wide extent between the 'horns' [v. horn], an epithet of a building :-- Tempel dryhtnes heáh and horngeáp, Andr. Kmbl. 1335; An. 668 : Beo. Th. 164; B. 82. [Cf. under geápne hróf, 1677; B. 836.]
horn-geatreón, es; n. An abundance of pinnacles, Exon. 124 a; Th. 477, 11; Ruin. 23.
horn-píc, es; n. [?] A pinnacle :-- Sette hine ofer hornpíc temples statuit eum supra pinnam templi, Lk. Skt. Lind. 4, 9.
horn-reced, es; n. A house having 'horns' [v. horn] or pinnacles, Beo. Th. 1412; B. 704.
horn-sæl, es; n. A hall having 'horns' in its roof :-- Hornsalu, Andr. Kmbl. 2318; An. 1160 : Exon. 101 b; Th. 383, 10; Rä. 4, 8. v. horn-reced, -sele.
horn-sceaða, an; m. A pinnacle :-- Ofer hornsceaðe temples supra pinnaculum templi, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 4, 5. v. sceaða.
horn-scip, es; n. A ship having a beak [rostrum], a ship with a horn-like projection in the bow, Andr. Kmbl. 547; An. 274.
horn-sele, es; m. A building having pinnacles, Cd. 86; Th. 109, 11; Gen. 1821. [O. Sax. horn-seli.] v. horn-sæl.
hornung-sunu, a; m. A bastard, Cot. 142. [O. Frs. horning spurius, nothus : Icel. hornungr a bastard son.] v. Grmm. R. A. 476, note.
hor-pyt, -pytt, es; m. A dirt-pit, slough [?] :-- Tó ðæm horpytte, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 37, 21 : 162, 9. v. horu.
HORS, es; n. A HORSE :-- Geþracan hors mannus vel brunnicus : hors of stéden vel of asrenne burdo, Ælfc. Gl. 5; Som. 56, 18, 19; Wrt. Voc. 17, 23, 24. Hors hófum wlanc, Runic pm. Kmbl. 343, 5; Rún. 19. Ne beó gé ná swylce hors nolite fteri sicut equus, Ps. Th. 31, 10. Ðá wæs Hróðgáre hors gebæted wicg wundenfeax then for Hrothgar was a horse bitted, a steed with plaited mane, Beo. Th. 2803; B. 1399. Ne hé on horses hrycge cuman wolde ac hé his fótum geeode non equorum dorso sed pedum incessu vectus, Bd. 3, 5; S. 526, 28. Nis horses flǽsc forboden caro equina non est prohibita, L. Ecg. C. 38; Th. ii. 162, 16. Wið horses hreófle . . . dó on ðæt hors swá hit hátost mǽge for a horse's leprosy . . . apply it to the horse as hot as possible, L. M. 1, 88; Lchdm. ii. 152, 10. Gelícnes horses and monnes. Exon. l09 b; Th. 418, 26; Rä. 37, 11. Ðí byþ swíðe dysig se ðe getrúwaþ on his horses swiftnesse falsus equus ad salutem, Ps. Th. 32, 15. Cwæþ mid hospe horse mete is bere said contemptuously 'Barley is food far a horse,' Homl. Skt. 3, 216. Man his hors under him ofsceát his horse was shot under him, Ors. 5, 2; Bos. 101, 42. Ic seah sroh [the word is written in runes] hygewloncne, Exon. 105 a; Th. 400, 1; Rä. 20, 1. Horsa steal carceres, Ælfc. Gl. 61; Som. 68, 54; Wrt. Voc. 39, 37. Horsa hnǽgung neighing of horses, Ælfc. Gl. 1; Som. 2, 38. Hé wæs mid ðǽm fyrstum mannum on ðæm lande næfde hé ðeáh má ðonne twentig hrýðera and twentig sceápa and twentig swýna; ond ðæt lytle ðæt hé erede hé erede mid horsan he [Ohthere] was among the first men of the country; and yet he had not more than twenty oxen and twenty sheep and twenty swine; and the little that he ploughed, he ploughed with horses, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 18, 12-15. Ða hors óþbær it bore away the horses, Exon. 106 a; Th. 404, 20; Rä. 23, 10. [O. Sax. hros; n : O. Frs. hars, hers, hors, ros; n : Icel. hross; m : O. H. Ger. hros; n : Ger. ross.] v. cræte-hors.
Horsa, an; m. Horsa :-- On hiera dagum Hengest and Horsa gesóhte Bretene, Chr. 449; Erl. 12, 1. Hér Hengest and Horsa fuhton wið Wyrtgeorne ðam cyninge in ðære stówe ðe is gecueden Agælesþrep and his bróður Horsan man ofslóg, 455; Erl. 12, 13.
hors-bǽr, e; f. A horse-bier; feretrum caballarium, Bd. 4, 6; S. 574, 5. [Laym. R. Glouc. horse-bere : Prompt. Parv. hors-bere lectica, p. 247, see the note.]
horsc; adj. Quick, ready, active, valiant, applied generally to mental activity [cf. snel active : Icel. snjallr eloquent], wise, sagacious, sharp, quick-witted :-- Horsc prudens, Cot, 191, Lye. Hwylc is hæleþa ðæs horsc and ðæs hygecræftig ðæt ðæt mǽge ásecgan who amongst men is so quick and cunning of mind as to be able to declare that, Exon. l01 a; Th. 380, 36; Rä. 2, 1. Nis ǽnig ðæs horsc ne ðæs hygecræftig ðe ðín frumcyn mǽge fira bearnum sweotule geséðan, 11 a; Th. 15, 24; Cri. 241. Horsc and hreðergleáw herges wísa a guide of the host, prompt and prudent, Cd. 143; Th. 178, 17; Exod. 13. On horscum wyllan by the quick-flowing [?] spring, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 456, 15. Þurh horscne hád through wisdom, Exon. 8 b; Th. 4, 7; Cri. 49. Módum horsce sagacious of mind, 54 a; Th. 190, 12; Az. 72. Horsce mé heredon hilde generedon feóndon biweredon the valiant praised me, from battle saved me, from foes defended me, 94 a; Th. 353, 27; Reim. 19. [O. Sax. horsk (hugiskaft) : Icel. horskr wise : O. H. Ger. horsc alacer, celer, præproperus, volucer, promtus, sagax, v. Grff. iv. 1039-42.]
hors-camb, es; m. A horse-comb, curry-comb; strigilis, Wrt. Voc. 83, 34.
horsc-líce; adv. Readily, promptly, with activity [bodily or mental], wisely, prudently :-- Biþ seó tunge tótogen forðon heó ne mæg horsclíce [MS. horslíce] wordum wrixlan wið ðone wergan gǽst the tongue shall be rent asunder, therefore it will not be able to converse readily with the accursed spirit, Exon. 99 b; Th. 373, 28; Seel. 116. [Hors[c]líce prudenter, Cot. 138, Lye. [O. H. Ger. horsc-lícho naviter, strenue, agiliter.]
hors-cræt, es; n. A chariot; biga, Lye.
hors-elene, -helene, an; Elecampane; inula helenium, Lchdm. iii. 333, col. 1. Horshelene helena, Ælfc. Gl. 44; Som. 64, 68; Wrt. Voc. 32, 4. Horselene, Wrt. Voc. 79, 42. See horshele, E. D. S. Plant Names.
hors-ern, es; n. A horse-house, stable :-- Horsern æquiale, Ælfc. Gl. 2; Som. 55, 33; Wrt. Voc. 16, 7.
hors-gærstún, es; m. A meadow for the pasturing of horses :-- Onbútan ðone horsgærstún, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 414, 25.
hors-here, es; m. A mounted force; exercitus equestris, Lye. v. here.
hors-hirde, -hyrde, es; m. A horse-keeper, groom :-- Horshyrde pabulator, Ælfc. Gl. 9; Som. 56, 123; Wrt. Voc. 19, 6. Horshyrde agaso, Ælfc. Gr. 9; Som. 8, 37.
hors-hwæl, es; m. A walrus :-- Swíðost hé fór ðider tóeácan ðæs landes sceáwunge for ðǽm horschwælum for ðæm hie habbaþ swíðe æðele bán on heora tóþum his principal object in going there, in addition to the observation of the country, was to get the walruses, for they have very excellent ivory in their tusks, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 17, 36. [Icel. hross-hwalr: Ger. wall-ross.]
horsian; p. ode To horse, provide with horses :-- West Seaxe horsodon ðone here the people of Wessex provided the Danes with horses, Chr. 1015; Erl. 153, 1. Hé beád ðæt man sceolde his here metian and horsian, 1013; Erl. 148. 3: 1014; Erl. 151, 2. DER. be-, ge-horsian.
hors-minte, an; f. Wild mint; menthastrum, Lye. v. E. D. S. Plant Names, horse mint.
hors-syðða, an; m. v. hors-bǽr.
hors-þegn, et; m. I. a groom: -- Horsþén agaso, Ælfc. Gl. 20; Som. 59, 42; Wrt. Voc. 23, 5: mulio, Hpt. Gl. 438: Gl. Mett. 516. II. the title of an officer of the royal household [cf. mare-scalcus among the Franks] :-- Ecgulf cynges horsþegn, Wulfríc cynges horsþegn. Chr. 897; Erl. 95, 5: 96, 16. v. Kemble's Saxons in England ii. 107-8.
hors-wægn, -wǽn, es; m. A chariot :-- Horswǽn carpentum, currus, Ælfc. Gl. 48; Som. 65, 68; Wrt. Voc. 34, 3.
hors-wealh, es; m. A servant that attends to horses [Thorpe takes wealh to mean one of British origin, v. Glossary] :-- Be cyninges horsweale. Cyninges horswealh se ðe him mǽge geǽrendian ðæs wergield biþ cc sciɫɫ. L. In. 33; Th. i. 122, 12.
hors-weard, e; f. A taking care of horses :-- Horswearde healdan, L. R. S. 2; Th. i. 432. 17.
hors-weg, es; m. A horse-road :-- Tó horsweges heale, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 219, 2.
horu; gen. -wes; m. Dirt, filth, foulness :-- Fæormaþ gyf ðǽr hwæt horwes on biþ cleanse if there be any foulness in it, Herb. 9, 2; Lchdm. i. 100, 4. Horewes, Mone B. 3561. Gé mid horu speówdon on ðæs andwlitan ye foully spat on his face, Elen. Kmbl. 594; El. 297. Mín flǽsc is ymscrýd mid dustes horwum my flesh is clothed with the filth of dust, Homl. Th. ii. 456, 10. On his blóde áþwogen fram synna horwum washed in his blood from the impurities of sins, Homl. Swt. 11, 297. Horewum, Homl. Th. ii. 56, 8. [O. E. Homl. horie, hore (of þe hore þat is cleped hordom): O. Sax. horu dirt: O. Frs. hore: O. H. Ger. horo; gen. horawes; dat. horowe, horewe, horwe, hore limus, cenum, lutum, palustre.] v. horh.
horu-seáþ es; m. A foul pit, sink :-- Gesihst ðú nú on hú miclum and on hú diópum and on hú þióstrum horaseáþe [MS. Cote. horoseáþa] ðara unþeáwa ða yfelwillendan sticiaþ videsne igitur quanto in cœno probra volvantur, Bt. 37, 2; Fox 188, 1.
horu-weg, es; m. A dirty road, a lane [?] :-- Ðar horoweg útt sceát, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. v. 173, 17. Horwegstige devia semita, Cot. 61, Lye.
horweht; adj. Foul, filthy, dirty :-- Hine ðá lǽddon on ðone sweartan fenn and hine ðá on ða horwehtan wæter bewurpon they led him then to the black fen and flung him into the foul water, Guthl. 5; Gdwin. 36, 9. v. horheht.
hós, e; f. A bramble, thorn :-- Hós butrus, Wrt. Voc. 285, 27: rhamnus, vimen; butrus, Cot. 25, 165, Lye. Twígu ɫ hósa rhamnum, Ps. Spl. C. 57, 9.
hós, e; f. A company, band :-- Mid mægþa hóse with a band of maidens, Beo. Th. 1853; B. 924. [Goth. hansa multitudo: O. H. Ger. hansa cohors: cf. Hanse applied to an association of towns.]
hosa, an; m. [or hose; f. (?) v. next word, and cf. other dialects]. I. a covering for the leg, HOSE :-- Hosa caliga vel ocrea, Wrt. Voc. 81, 48. [Prompt. Parv. hose caliga, p. 248, see note: Laym. hose, v. 15216: R. Glouc. (in the corresponding passage) hose: A. R. hosen; pl: Chauc. hosen: Icel. hosa; f. a covering for the leg between the knee and the ankle, serving as a kind of legging or gaiter: O. H. Ger. hose; f. caliga: Ger. hose; f. breeches, hose.] II. a husk, a covering for a grain or seed [or is this a different word?] :-- Wilnade gefylle womb his of beánbælgum ɫ písum hósum cupiebat implere ventrem suum de siliquis, Lk. Skt. Lind. 15, 16. v. Jamieson's Dict. hose the seed-leaves of grain: vagina, the hose of corn, See also E. D. S. Reprinted Glossaries, No. 5.
hose-bend, es; m. A hose-band, garter :-- Hosebendas periscelides, Lye: Hpt. Gl. 517. [Cf. Icel. hosna-reim.]
hosp, es; m. Reproach, opprobrium, contempt, contumely, insult, blasphemy :-- Hosp opprobrium, Ps. Spl. 14, 4: 21, 5. Ða ðe forþgewéteþ of welerum mínum ná ic dó hosp quæ procedunt de labiis meis, non faciam irrita, 88, 34. Hé geseah mínne hosp áfyrran respexit auferre opprobrium meum, Lk. Skt. 1, 25. Nú tó dæg ic ádyde ðæra Egiptiscra hosp fram eówrum cynne this day have I rolled away the reproach of Egypt from off you, Jos. 5, 9. Hǽðenra hosp, Judth. 11; Thw. 24, 30; Jud. 215: Exon. 10 b; Th. 11, 16; Cri. 171: 29 a; Th. 88, 22; Cri. 1444. Hí mid hospe his láre forsáwon they with contumely despised his teaching, Homl. Th. ii. 110, 5. Cwæþ mid hospe said contemptuously, Homl. Swt. 3, 216. Ðá hrýmde Julianus mid hospe and earmlíce gewát then cried out Julian blaspheming and miserably died, 275. Swá hwilcne swá hí tó hospe habban woldon hí cwǽdon be ðam ðæt hé wǽre Samaritanisc whomsoever they wished to hold up to contempt, they said of him that he was a Samaritan, Homl. Th. ii. 228, 32. Ðonne wurdon hí tó hospe gedóne then were they made a reproach, Ælfc. T. 12; Grn. 6, 22. Unrihtwíse habbaþ on hospe ða ðe him sindon rihtes wísran the unrighteous hold in contempt those that are better skilled in right than themselves, Bt. Met. Fox 4, 87; Met. 4, 44. Hospe gereccan to reproach opprobriously, Exon. 70 a; Th. 260, 21; Jul. 300: 90 a; Th. 337, 17; Gn. Ex. 66. Menigfealde earfoþnyssa and hospas wolde gehwá eáðelíce forberan wið ðan ðæt hé móste sumum rícan men tó bearne geteald beón anybody would put up with all kinds of hardships and affronts on condition that he might be accounted the son of some great man, Homl. Th. i. 56, 11.
hosp-cwide, es; m. Contemptuous, opprobrious, insulting language, Elen. Kmbl. 1044; El. 523.
hosp-sprǽc, e; f. Contemptuous, insulting language :-- Se eádmóda biscop ðe wé ymbe sprecaþ wæs swiðe geþyldig wið þwyrum mannum and him ne eglede heora hospsprǽc ac forbær blíðelíce ðeáh ðe him man bysmor cwǽde the lowly-minded bishop that we are talking about was very patient with perverse people, and their contemptuous language did not vex him, but he cheerfully bore with it, though he was reviled, Homl. Th. ii. 514, 11.
hosp-word, es; n. A word expressing contempt, contumely, reproach, abuse :-- Án ðæra hospworda hé forbær suwigende one of their reproaches he bore with in silence, Homl. Th. ii. 230, 8. Ðá hét martianus mid his hospwordum ðæt hé sǽde his síþ him eallum then Martianus bade him with expressions of contempt tell his journey to them all, Homl. Swt. 4, 283: Exon. 68 b; Th. 253, 33; Jul. 189. Ongan tó ðam hálgan hospword sprecan began to speak words of contempt to the saint, Andr. Kmbl. 2632; An. 1317.
hoðma, an; m. A covering [?], cloud [?], darkness :-- Ðǽr wísna fela wearþ inlíhted ðe ǽr under hoðman biholen lǽgon there many things were illumined that before lay concealed in darkness, Exon. 8 b; Th. 3, 32; Cri. 45. Rídend swefaþ hæleþ in hoðman knights and warriors sleep in the darkness [of death], Beo. Th. 4907; B. 2458. [Cf. heóðu.]
hráca, an; m. Expectoration, spittle, matter brought up when clearing the throat :-- Ðæs seócan mannes hráca biþ maniges hiwes the sick man's expectoration is many-coloured, L. M. 2, 46; Lchdm. ii. 260, 13. Hyt gelíðigaþ ðone hrácan, Herb. 55, 2; Lchdm. i. 158, 10. Wið swíðlícne hrácan, 146, 2; Lchdm. i. 270, 2. Mycelne hrácan, 158, 1; Lchdm. i. 284, 23. [Icel. hráki spittle.] v. hrǽcan.
hracca [hnacca?] the back part of the head; occiput, Som. [Cf. a rack of mutton, dorsum ovile, E. D. S. vol. 3, B. 18.]
hrace, an; f: hraca, an; m. The throat :-- Hrace gula, Wrt. Voc. 283, 4: hracu, 64, 64. Ðǽr gýnude on ðare hrácan swylce ðǽr hwylc seáþ wǽre there yawned in the throat as if there had been a pit, Lchdm. ii. 364, col. 1. Ne hí on hracan áwiht hlúde ne cleopiaþ non clamabunt in gutture suo, Ps. Th. 134, 19. Ne him gást on hracan eardaþ neque est spiritus in ore eorum, 113, 16. Swille ða hracan let him swill the throat, L. M. 1, 1; Lchdm. ii. 24, 27. Stinge him on ða hracan ðæt hé máge spíwan, 1, 18; Lchdm. ii. 62, 12. Hire man bestang sweord on ða hracan, Shrn. 56, 14. Fýrene tungan and gyldenne hracan a fiery tongue and a golden throat, Salm. Kmbl. 148, 32. Hracan [bracan, Som.] fauces, Ælfc. Gl. 72; Som. 70, 109; Wrt. Voc. 43, 37. [O. H. Ger. racho sublinguium: Ger. rachen throat, jaws.]
hracing, e; f. A holding back, stopping, stay; detentio, Rtl. 65, 27. [Cf. (?) Icel. hrakning bad treatment, insult.]
hracod laceratus, Som. [Cf. Icel. hrekja to worry, vex.]
hradian; p. ode To quicken, hasten, accelerate, forward :-- Hreaða accelera, Ps. Stev. 30, 3. Hreaðedon acceleraverunt, 15, 4. DER. for-, ge-hradian.
hradung, e; f. A hastening; festinatio, acceleratio, Lye.
hrǽcan; p. hrǽhte To clear the throat, hawk, spit :-- Ic hrǽce oððe ic spǽte screo, Ælfc. Gr. 26, 6; Som. 29, 17. Hrǽce hió him on ðæt nebb foran huic in faciem mulier expuat, Past. 5, 2; Swt. 43, 15. Gif hwá blód swíðe hrǽce if any one spit much blood, Herb. 40, 2; Lchdm. i. 142, 1. Wið ðæt man hefelíce hrǽce for difficulty in clearing the throat in cases of cold, 46, 1; Lchdm. i. 148, 12, 15. [Icel. hrækja to hawk, spit: cf. O. H. Ger. rachison screare.] v. hráca.
hrǽcea, an; m. Clearing the throat, hawking :-- Þurh spátl and hrǽcean by spittle and clearing the throat, L. M. 1, 1; Lchdm. ii. 24, 8.
hrǽcetung, e; f. Retching, eructation :-- Wið bitere hrǽcetunge, L. M. 2, 8; Lchdm. ii. 186, 26.
hrǽc-gebræc, es; n. A cold in the chest, hoarseness: -- Hrǽc-gebræc branchos [= GREEK], Ælfc. Gl. 10; Som. 57, 23; Wrt. Voc. 19, 29. v. bræc, gebræceo.
hrǽctan; p. te To eructate, retch :-- Biþ sió wamb áþened and hrǽctaþ gelóme the stomach is extended and they eructate frequently, L. M. 2, 28; Lchdm. ii. 224, 12.
hræc-tunge, an; f. The uvula :-- Biþ reád ymb ða hræctunga[n?], L. M. 1, 4; Lchdm. ii. 46, 10.
hrǽcung, e; f. A clearing of the throat, hawking :-- Gelome spǽtunga oððe hrǽcunga frequent spittings or hawkings, L. M. 2, 1; Lchdm. ii. 174, 21. DER. blod-, wyrs-hrǽcung.
hræd, hræð, hreð; adj. Quick, swift, speedy, sudden, alert, rapid, prompt, active :-- Hræd oððe glæd agilis: hræddre agilior: ealra hrædost agillimus, Ælfc. Gr. 5; Som. 5, 6. Hræd oððe glæd alacer, 9, 18; Som. 9, 66. Tó hræd ierre præceþs ira, Past. 13, 2; Swt. 79, 14, 11. Worda tó hræd, Exon. 88 a; Th. 330, 13; Vy. 50. Sum biþ hræd tæfle one is quick at games of chance, 79 a; Th. 297, 25; Crä. 73. Ðæt wæs hræd ǽrendraca se tylode tó secganne hys ǽrndunge ǽr ðon ðe hé lyfde that was a quick messenger, who strove to tell his message before he lived, Shrn. 95, 20. Se gást is hræd spiritus promptus est, Mt. Kmbl. 26, 41. Níþ godes hreð [hréð?] of heofonum God's anger swift from heaven, Cd. 206; Th. 255, 6; Dan. 620. Hræd and unlæt, Exon. 113 b; Th. 436, 9; Rä. 54, 11. Ðú ðe on hrædum færelde ðone heofon ymbhweorfest qui rapido cælum turbine versas, Bt. 4; Fox 6, 31. On hræde sprǽce in prosam, Bd. 5, 23; S. 648, 22. Hræde weámetta sudden sadnesses, L. I. P. 10; Th. ii. 318, 32. Hrade [MS. T. hræþe; Ps. Th. hraðe] fót heora tó ágeótenne blód veloces pedes eorum ad effundendum sanguinem, Ps. Spl. 13, 6. Ða hradan ðonne sint tó manianne præcipites admonendi sunt, Past. 39, 1; Swt. 281, 20. Mé is fenýce fóre hreðre is ðæs gores sunu gonge hrædra more swift than I is the fen-frog in its course, the son of dirt [beetle] is more rapid in its walk, Exon. 111 a; Th. 426, 9-12; Rä. 41, 71-2. [Icel. hraðr swift, fleet: O. H. Ger. hrat, hrad velox.]
hræd-, hræð-bíta, an; m. An insect which eats away clothes, etc; blata, Wrt. Voc. 281, 44.
hræd-férness, e; f. Quickness, rapidity :-- Behealdaþ ða hrædférnesse ðisses heofenes respicite cæli celeritatem, Bt. 32, 2; Fox 116, 6.
hræd-hýdigness, e; f. Precipitancy, hastiness :-- Ðý læs hie unnytlíce forweorpen ðæt ðæt hie sellen for hira hrædhýdignesse ne præcipitatione hoc quod tribuunt inutiliter spargant, Past. 44, 2; Swt. 321, 18. Ðonne oncann hé hiene selfne for ðære hrædhýdignesse ðe hé ǽr tó fela sealde occasionem contra se impatientiæ exquirit, 4; Swt. 325, 16. For hrædhýdignesse præcipiti festinatione, 49, 1; Swt. 375, 16.
hræding, e; f. Hurry, haste :-- Be ðisum þeófum ðe man on hrædinge fúle geáxian ne mæg and man eft geáxaþ ðe hé fúl biþ concerning the thieves that are not at once found out to be guilty, and afterwards it is found on enquiry that he is guilty, L. Æðelst. v. 9; Th. i. 238, 29. Hí burigdon swá swá heó líhtlucost mihten on swylce [h]rædinge they buried him as best they could in such a hurry, Th. An. 123, 22.
hræd-líc; adi. Quick, hasty, sudden, speedy, precipitate :-- Hit wǽre tó hrædlíc gif hé ðá on cildcradole ácweald wurde it had been precipitate, had he been slain then in the cradle, Homl. Th. i. 82, 28. Æfter hrædlíce tíde after a short time, Ors. 1, 10; Swt. 44, 28. Hé wæs mid hrædlíce deáþe forgripen morte immatura præreptus est, Bd. 4, 23; S. 594, 36. Ðǽr forþférde Sideman bisceop on hrædlícan deáþe died suddenly, Chr. 977; Erl. 127, 36.
hræd-líce; adv. Quickly, hastily, speedily, immediately, at once, forthwith :-- Hrædlíce actutum, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Som. 41, 64. Hrædlíce hé ástáh of ðam wætere confestim ascendit de aqua, Mt. Kmbl. 3, 16: continuo, 13, 5, 20. Gif ðú wille mildheortnesse ús dón sæge ús ðæt hrædlíce if thou wilt do us kindness, tell us so at once, Blickl. Homl. 233, 19. Him ðá áþas swóron ðæt hie hrædlíce of his ríce fóren they swore oaths to him that they would speedily march out of his kingdom, Chr. 876; Erl. 78, 11. Hé wæs æfter ðam swíðe hrædlíce gehálgod tó cyninge very soon after that he was consecrated king, 979; Erl. 129, 30. Hrædlícor ocius; hrædlícost ocissime, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Som. 42, 9. Se hit mæg hrædlícor geféran he can perform the journey more quickly, Blickl. Homl. 231, 24: Bd. 3, 14; S. 540, 19.
hræd-lícness, e; f. Quickness, suddenness, rapidity, haste :-- Ða micclan welan ðe hig ǽrhwílon áhton hé geseh on hrædlícnysse ealle gewítan the great riches that they formerly owned he saw all quickly pass away, Guthl. 2; Gdwin. 14, 23.
hræd-ness, e; f. Quickness, rapidity :-- Wundorlícre hrædnysse with wonderful quickness, Herb. 18, 4; Lchdm. i. 112, 1. Ond wé ðá mid wunderlícre hreðnysse porrum ðone cyning ofercwomon mira celeritate poro rege devicto, Nar. 4, 4. Se on hrædnesse swá mycele menigo heora fornom quæ in brevi tantam ejus multitudinem stravit, Bd. 1, 14; S. 482, 30.
hræd-sprǽce. v. un-hrædsprǽce.
hræd-wægn, -wǽn, es; m. A swift chariot :-- Se stiórþ ðam hrædwǽne eallra gesceafta volucrem currum regit, Bt. 36, 2; Fox 174, 20: Bt. Met. Fox 24, 81; Met. 24, 41.
hræd-wilness, e; f. Precipitancy, haste :-- Sió hátheortness and sió hrædwilnes dæt mód gebringþ on ðæm weorce ðe hine ǽr nán willa tó ne spón mentem impellit furor, quo non trahit desiderium, Past. 33, 1; Swt. 215, 9. Ðeáh for hrædwilnesse tó fóþ tamen præcipitatio impellit, 23, 2; Swt. 177, 15: 49, 1; Swt. 375, 20. [Cf. hræd-hýdigness.]
hræd-wyrde; adj. Quick, hasty of speech :-- Ne sceal nó tó hátheort ne tó hrædwyrde he must not be too passionate nor too hasty of speech, Exon. 77 b; Th. 290, 17; Wand. 66.
hræfn, es; m. A raven :-- Hrefn corvus, Wrt. Voc. 280, 33. Hræmn, Ælfc. Gr. 8; Som. 7, 35. Blac hræm niger corvus, 6; Som. 4, 21; Wrt. Voc. 77, 13. Noe ásende út ǽnne hremn se hremn fleáh ðá út and nolde eft ongeán cirran Noe dimisit corvum, qui egrediebatur et non revertebatur, Gen. 8, 7. Ðá wæs sum wild hrem ... hé ðá wearp ðam hremme ðone geǽttrodan hláf there was a wild raven ... he threw the poisoned bread to the raven, Homl. Th. ii. 162, 21, 23. Se wanna hrefn wælgífre fugel, Judth. 11; Thw. 24, 25; Jud. 206: Beo. Th. 6041; B. 3024. Hrefn blaca, 3606; B. 1801. Se swearta hrefn, Soul Kmbl. 108; Seel. 54. Ðǽr him hrefn nimeþ heáfodsýne slíteþ salwigpád sáwelleásne there shall the raven, dark-coated, pluck from him his eyes, shall tear him lifeless, Exon. 87 b; Th. 329, 18; Vy. 36. Hræfen wan, Elen. Kmbl. 104; El. 52: Fins. Th. 69; Fins. 34. Ðǽr wæs se gúðfana genumen ðé hí ræfen héton there was the banner taken which they [the Danes] called the Raven [see Asser's life of Alfred under the year 878 for an account of this banner; and see further references in Cl. and Vig. Icel. Dict. under hrafn], Chr. 878; Erl. 81, 3. Hrefnes briddum pullis corvorum, Ps. Th. 146, 10. His sunu hangaþ hrefne tó hróðre his son hangs a solace for the raven, Beo. Th. 4887; B. 2448. Saluwigpádan ðone sweartan hræfn hyrnednebban the black raven, dusky-coated, hard-beaked, Chr. 937; Erl. 115, 10; Æðelst. 61. Hí læccaþ eallswá gýfre hremnas of holde dóþ they seize just as greedy ravens do from a corpse, L. I. P. 19; Th. ii. 328, 5. Swá swá grǽdige ræmmas, L. Ælfc. P. 49; Th. ii. 386, 3. Besceáwiaþ ða hrefnas considerate corvos, Lk. Skt. 12, 24. [Laym. rem: Icel. hrafn, hramn: O. H. Ger. hraban, hram corvus, corax: Ger. rabe.] DER. niht-hræfn.
hræfn, es; m. A crab :-- Se hrefn ðe sume menn hátaþ crabba the 'hrefn' that some people call a crab, Shrn. 162, 21. Hrefnes geallan and leaxes a crab's gall and a salmon's, L. M. 3, 2; Lchdm. ii. 308, 6, see note. Hræfnes geallan, Lchdm. iii. 2, 21. Genim cucune hrefn ádó ða eágan of and eft cucune gebring on wætre take a live crab, put its eyes out, and put it back in the water alive, L. M. 3, 2; Lchdm. ii. 306, 20. v. hæfern.
hræfn-cynn, es; n. The raven-kind: -- Nán þing hrefncynnes, Lev. ii. 17.
hræfnes fót ravensfoot; ranunculus gramineus, see Lchdm. iii. 333, col. 1.
hræfnes leác orchis, see Lchdm. iii. 333, col. 1. v. Grmm. D. M. 1144.
hrægel, hrægl, es; n. A garment, dress, robe, rail [in night-rail] clothing :-- Gerǽwen hrægel segmentata vestis: þicce gewefen hrægel pavidensis: þenne gewefen hrægel levidensis: purpuren hrægel clavus vel purpura: feala hiwes hrægel polymita: wógum bewerod hrægel ralla vel rasilis: geedniwod eald hrægel interpola vestis: geclútad hrægel panucla: gediht hrægel acupicta: þrýlen hrægel trilicis, Ælfc. Gl. 63; Som. 68, 99-109; Wrt. Voc. 40, 10-19. Hrægl and hringas robe and rings, Beo. Th. 2394; B. 1195. Sæt ðǽr sum þearfa nacod bæd hrægles and ælmessan a beggar sat there naked asked for a garment and an alms, Blickl. Homl. 213, 33. Hrægles þearfa ic mé leáfum þecce lacking raiment I cover me with leaves, Cd. 40; Th. 53, 25; Gen. 866. Ðisses hrægles neót use this robe, Beo. Th. 2439; B. 1217. Wíf móton under brúnun hrægle tó húsle gán mulieribus licet sub nigro velamine eucharistiam accipere, L. Ecg. C. 37; Th. ii. 162, 7. Wese hé hrægle gelíc fiat ei sicut vestimentum, Ps. Th. 108, 19. Mid mete and mid hrægle with food and clothing, Blickl. Homl. 41, 29. Se ðe mid ðon ánum hrægle wæs gegyrwed who was dressed in that one garment, 169, 1. On medmyclum hrægle gehealdene moderate in dress, 185, 17. Man hine forbærneþ mid his wǽpnum and hrægle he is burnt with his arms and clothing, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 21, 8. Ðæt hrægl ðe hé ǽr ðæm þearfan sealde the cloak that he had given to the beggar, Blickl. Homl. 215, 18: 223, 8. Ongan his hrægl teran began to rend his robe, Judth. 12; Thw. 25, 28; Jud. 283. Ða hwítan hrægl ðara engla the white robes of the angels, Blickl. Homl. 121, 24. Sylle earmum mannum his ealde hrægl let him give his old clothes to the poor, 53, 13. Hie hæfdon manige glengas deórwyrþra hrægla they had many ornaments of costly garments, 99, 19. Beaduscrúda betst hrægla sélest, Beo. Th. 912; B. 454. Án cild hreglum [hræglum, MS. C.] bewunden infantem pannis involutum, Lk. Skt. 2, 12. Mid godwebbenum hræglum with purple raiment, Blickl. Homl. 95, 20. Hrægl spolia, Ps. Spl. 67, 13. [O. Frs. hreil, reil: O. H. Ger. hregil indumentum, coturnus; pl. trophæa, spolia.] DER. beadu-, beód-, bréc-, frum-, fyrd-, hrycg-, mere-, set-, setl-, wíte-hrægel.
hrægel-cist, e; f. A clothes-chest, trunk :-- Án hræglcysð one clothes-chest, Chart. Th. 538, 20.
hrægel-gefrætwodness, e; f. Elegance or adornment of dress :-- Hwǽr is nú heora gold and heora hrægelgefrætwodnes? L. E. I. prm; Th. ii. 396, 27.
hrægel-gewǽde, es; n. Dress, clothes, Cot. 118, Lye.
hrægel-hús, es; n. A vestry; vestiarium, C. R. Ben. 67, Lye. [Railhus vestiarium, Wrt. Voc. 93, 56.]
hrægel-talu, e; f. A fund for providing vestments :-- Ic ðas land ǽcelíce sælle into sanctæ trinitatan ðám híwum tó hira beódlandæ and tó hregltalæ ego has terras dono æternaliter familiæ æcclesiæ sanctæ trinitatis ad refectorium fratribus et ad vestimenta, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. v. 218, 20.
hrægel-þegn, -þén, es; m. An officer of the royal household or of a monastery :-- Ic Leófríc hrægelþén, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 351, 16. Ælfríc wæs ðá hrǽlþén, Chart. Th. 170, 10. Hé scolde setten ðǽr prior of Clunni and circeweard and hordere and reilþein, Chr. 1131; Erl. 260, 12. Hræglþegn vestiarius, C. R. Ben. 55, Lye. [See Kemble's Saxons in England, ii. 106.]
hrægel-weard, es; m. One who has charge of vestments :-- Hræglweard vestiarius, Wrt. Voc. 289, 69.
hræglung, e; f. Clothing; vestitus, Ælfc. Gl. 62; Som. 68, 85; Wrt. Voc. 39, 68.
hrægn-loca = [?] brægn-loca that which encloses the brain, the skull, Exon. 126 b; Th. 487, 1; Rä. 72, 21.
hrætele, hrætel-wyrt rattlewort, Lchdm. iii. 333, col. 2.
hrǽw, hráw, hreáw, hrá, es; n. m. The body of a man living or dead, a corpse, carcase, trunk, carrion :-- Líc vel hreáw funus, Ælfc. Gl. 85; Som. 74, 1; Wrt. Voc. 45, 25. Ðú earma nú ðú byst geworden ðæt fúleste hreáw and wyrma mete thou miserable thing, now art thou become a very foul corpse and food for worms, L. E. I. prm; Th. ii. 398, 16. Hrá wundum wérig the body weary with wounds, Andr. Kmbl. 2556; An. 1279: 2062; An. 1033: Exon. 36 b; Th. 119, 14; Gú. 254. He ðæt hrá gescóp he created the body, 8 a; Th. 2, 5; Cri. 14. Hrá biþ ácólad the corpse is cooled, 59 a; Th. 213, 22; Ph. 228: Elen. Kmbl. 1767; El. 885. Hrá wide sprong far away sprang the trunk [as the head was severed from it], Beo. Th. 3181; B. 1588. Ðonne flǽsc onginneþ hráw cólian when the flesh, the body begins to grow cold, Runic pm. 29; Kmbl. 345, 14. Wealdendes hrǽw the ruler's [Christ] body, Rood Kmbl. 106; Kr. 53: 144; Kr. 72. Ðá lócade hé on his ágenne líchoman swá swá on uncúþne hreáw he gazed on his own body as on an unknown corpse, Shrn. 52, 4. Ða sticca Simones hreáwes the pieces of Simon's carcase, Homl. Th. i. 380, 34. Sang se wanna fugel hrǽs on wénan the dusky fowl sang hoping for carrion, Cd. 93; Th. 119, 25; Gen. 1985. Furseus ðá beseah tó his líchaman swilce tó uncúþum hreáwe. Homl. Th. ii. 346, 7. Ðá líchoman heáhfædera hrá the bodies, the patriarchs' corpses, Andr. Kmbl. 1581; An. 792. Heora fædera hreáw cadavera patrum, Num. 14, 33. Hrǽ, hrǽw [other MSS. hráw, hrá] corpses, Chron. 937; Erl. 115, 9; Æðelst. 60. Reócende hrǽw reeking carcases, Judth. 12; Thw. 26, 7; Jud. 314. Hrǽwas ɫ ða deáþlícan ðínra þeówana morticina servorum tuorum, Ps. Lamb. 78, 2. Deádra hrǽwum over the corpses of the dead, Cd. 144; Th. 180, 6; Exod. 41. [O. Sax. hréo: O. Frs. hré: Icel. hræ a corpse, carrion: O. H. Ger. hréo cadaver, funus: cf. Goth. hraiwa-dubo.]
hrá-fyl, -fyll, es; m. Slaughter, Beo. Th. 559; B. 277.
hrá-gífre; adj. Greedy for corpses, deadly :-- Hrágyfra funestus, Cot. 90, Lye. [Cf. wæl-gífre.]
hrágra, an; m. A heron :-- Hrágra ardea, Ælfc. Gl. 36; Som. 62, 111; Wrt. Voc. 29, 9: 63, 13. Hrágra larum, Shrn. 29, 18. [O. H. Ger. raiger, regera ardea: Ger. reiher a heron.]
hrá-líc; adj. Deadly [?], funereal [?]; funebris, Cot. 88, Lye. [O. H. Ger. ré-líh funestus, funebris.]
hramma an; m. Cramp, spasm :-- Hramma spasmos, Ælfc. Gl. 10; Som. 57, 12; Wrt. Voc. 19, 21. Gif hwylcum men hramma derige if cramp annoy any man, Herb. 94, 11; Lchdm. i. 206, 21. Wíð hramman, 153, 5; Lchdm. i. 280, 5. [Cf. Icel. hrammr that with which one clutches, a bear's paw.] v. hremman.
hramsan; pl. Ramsons, broad-leaved garlic; allium ursinum, Lchdm. iii. 333, col. 2. [See Skeat, Etymol. Dict.]
hran, hron, es; m. A whale, a mussel [?] :-- Hran ballena, Wrt. Voc. 65, 62. Hron ballena vel pilina, 281, 55. Hran musculus, Ælfc. Gl. 102; Som. 77, 78; Wrt. Voc. 56, 1. On huntunge hranes in venationem balenæ, Coll. Monast. Th. 24, 25. Hér beóþ oft fangene seolas and hronas and mereswýn capiuntur sæpissime et vituli marini, et delphines necnon et ballenæ, Bd. 1, 1; L. 473, 16. Hronesnæs, Beo. Th. 5603, 6264; B. 2805, 3136.
hrán, es; m. A reindeer :-- Se byrdesta sceall gyldan fíf hránes fell a man of the highest rank has to pay five reindeer skins, Ors. 1. 1; Swt. 18, 20. Ða deór hí hátaþ hránas; ðara wǽron syx stælhránas: ða beóþ swýðe dýre mid Finnum, forðæm hý fóþ ða wildan hránas mid those deer they call 'rein;' six of them [Ohthere's] were decoys: those are very precious among the Fins, for they catch the wild reindeer with them, 10-12. [Icel. hreinn, see Cl. and Vig. Dict.]
hrand-spearwa, an; m. A sparrow :-- Hrondsparwas ɫ staras passeres, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 10, 29.
hran-fisc, es; m. A whale :-- Hronfixas, Beo. Th. 1085; B. 540.
hran-mere, es; m. The whale-mere, the sea :-- Hronmere, Bt. Met. Fox 5, 19; Met. 5, 10.
hran-rád, e; f. The whale-road, the sea :-- Ús bær on hranráde heáhstefn naca us the high-stemmed bark bore on the sea, Andr. Kmbl. 531; An. 266: 1267; An. 634. Geond hronráde throughout the ocean, Cd. 10; Th. 13, 19; Gen. 205: Beo. Th. 19; B. 10: Andr. Kmbl. 1641; An. 822.
hraðe, hræðe, hreðe; adv. Quickly, immediately, at once, soon, forthwith, straightway :-- Gá hraðe on ða strǽta exi cito in plateas, Lk. Skt. 14, 21: 16, 6. Cúþ is ðætte hraðe Drihten ðæs ðe hé of ðam fulwihtes bæþe eode ðá fæstte hé sóna it is known that the Lord directly after he came from baptism at once fasted, Blickl. Homl. 27, 23. Ðá wæs hraðe geworden ðæt hé gelýfde then immediately it came to pass that he believed, 153, 13. Gif heó hraðe gǽþ if she walks quickly, Lchdm. iii. 144, 8. Hraðe æfter directly after, Ps. Th. 59, 3. Mé hraðe syððan gefultuma ad adjuvandum me festina, 69, 1. Tó hraðe too soon, Bt. 3, 1; Fox 4, 23. He wæs Godes bearn swá hraðe swá he mannes bearn wearþ he was the Son of God so soon as he became the Son of man, Homl. Th. ii. 526, 1. Swíðe hræðe repente, Past. 21, 7; Swt. 166, 14. Héton út hræðe æþeling lǽdan they bade quickly lead out the noble one, Andr. Kmbl. 2545; An. 1274: 3039; An. 1522. Ðú ealne hræðe hefon ymbhwearfest rapido cælum turbine versas, Bt. Met. Fox 4, 6; Met. 4, 3. Ðá wæs háten hreðe then was bidden straightway, Beo. Th. 1986; B. 991. Hreðe siððan directly after, Bt. Met. Fox 25, 94; Met. 25, 47. Ne scule gé hit nó ðý hraðor þurhteón none the sooner shall ye accomplish it, Ps. Th. 4, 5: Cd. 212; Th. 263, 2; Dan. 756. No hé fleótan meahte hraðor on holme not more swiftly than I could he float on the ocean, Beo. Th. 1090; B. 543. Hí hogedon hú hí unriht hraðost ácwǽdon they considered how soonest they might utter iniquity, Ps. Th. 72, 6. Swá hwilc swá gearo wearþ hraðost whosoever was soonest ready, Chr. 755; Erl. 51, 3. Hé árás swá hé hraðost meahte he arose as quickly as ever he could, Exon. 49 a; Th. 168, 24; Gú. 1082. And hraðost is tó cweðenne in short, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 106, 60. Ðæt is nú hraðost tó secganne. Bt. 7; Fox 60, 14. [Cf. Icel. ok er þat skjótast af honum at segja.] [Laym. Orm. A. R. Piers P. Chauc. raþe; compar. raþer: Icel. hratt quickly; superl. (sem) hraðast: O. H. Ger. hrado celeriter, protinus, continuo; compar. hrador; superl. hradost contissime.]
hrá-wérig; adj. Wearied in body, or grievously wearied, wearied to death [cf. hrá-líc] :-- Ic hæle hráwérig gewíte on longne síþ I, a man sore wearied, shall depart on a long journey, Exon. 63 b; Th. 235, 8; Ph. 554.
hreác, es; m. A heap, stack, rick, reek [in dialects, v. E. D. S. Old Country and Farming Words, ii. iii. and Halliwell's Dict.] :-- Hreác acervus, Wrt. Voc. 89, 44. Healfne æcer gauolmǽde on hiora ágienre hwíle and ðæt on hreáce gebringan [to mow] half an acre of 'gafol-meadow' in their own time and to bring the hay together in a reek, Chart. Th. 145, 4. Hreácas acervi, Cot. 18, Lye. [Prompt. Parv. hreek acervus: Chauc. Wick. rekes; pl: Icel. hraukr in torf-hraukr a peat-stack.] v. hrycce.
hreác-copp, hreác-mete food given to the labourers on completing a rick, L. R. S. 21; Th. i. 440, 28, 27. The Latin version has macoli summitas, caput macholi for the former, and firma ad macholum faciendum for the latter. Thorpe in explanation of the passage quotes the following from Spelman 'Habetur macholum pro ipsa frugum seu garborum strue, quam hodie dicimus, a reack or stack of corn. Hujus olim ad constructionem epulari solebant agricolæ et messores.'
hreám, es; m. A cry, outcry, hue and cry, crying, tumult, uproar :-- Ðæra Sodomitiscra hreám ys gemenigfyld clamor Sodomorum multiplicatus est, Gen. 18, 20: Past. 55; Swt. 427, 33: Cd. 229; Th. 309, 28; Sat. 717. Ðam hálgan were wæs geþuht ðæt ðæs gefeohtes hreám mihte beón gehýred geond ealle eorþan it seemed to the holy man that the uproar of the conflict could be heard over all the earth, Homl. Th. ii. 336, 17: Cd. 166; Th. 206, 10; Exod. 449: Beo. Th. 2608; B. 1302. Hreám and wóp crying and weeping, Blickl. Homl. 61, 36: 115, 15. Of ðam leahtre cymþ hreám dyslíc dyrstignys and mansliht from that sin comes uproar, foolhardiness and manslaughter, Homl. Th. ii. 220, 14. Hás ys for hreáme raucus est præ clamatione, Th. An. 19, 31. Julianus mid anþrǽcum hreáme forswealt Julian with a horrible cry died, Homl. Th. i. 452, 16. Ða heorde mid hreáme bewerian to defend the flock with outcry, L. I. P. 19; Th. ii. 326, 10. Gif hwá þeóf geméte and hine his þances áweg lǽte búton hreáme ... and gif hwá hreám gehýre and hine forsitte if any one find a thief and voluntarily let him escape without hue and cry ... and if any one hear hue and cry and disregard it, L. C. S. 29; Th. i. 392, 14-17: 170, 10 [MS. hearme]. [Laym. ræm, ream: Orm. ræm: A. R. ream: cf. Icel. hreimr ( = hreymr?) a scream, cry: hraumi a noisy fellow.] v. hréman.
hreán :-- Wið hreán for indigestion [?], L. M. 2, 41; Lchdm. ii. 252, 16. Somner gives phthisis, but see hreáw, and cf. Icel. hrái crudeness.
hreáðe-mús, e; f. A mouse ornamented, furnished with wings [cf. hreóðan?], a bat :-- Tósnidenre hreáðemúse blód the blood of a bat cut up, L. M. 2, 33; Lchdm. ii. 236, 17. Swilce eác cwóman hreáðemýs ... hæfdon hie eác ða hreáðemýs téþ in monna gelícnesse sed et vespertilionum vis ingens ... habentes dentes in morem hominum, Nar. 15, 5-8. [Cf. hrére-mús.]
HREÁW, hrǽw [also written hreów]; adj. RAW, uncooked :-- Ne ne eton gé of ðam nán þing hreówes non comedetis ex eo crudum quid, Ex. 12, 9. Ne ete gé of ðam lambe nán þing hreáw, Homl. Th. ii. 264, 5. Syle etan oððe gesodene oððe hrǽwe give [the plant] to eat either sodden or raw, Herb. 136, 2; Lchdm. i. 254, 5. Ete ðara hundteóntig hreáwra eat a hundred of them [lentils] raw, L. M. 2, 13; Lchdm. ii. 190, 17. Meng wið hreáw ægru mix with raw eggs, 1, 39; Lchdm. ii. 102, 7. Gif hí mon hreáwe swylgeþ if they are swallowed raw, L. Med. ex Quadr. 4, 10; Lchdm. i. 344, 16. Flǽscmettas hreáwe carnes crudas, Coll. Monast. Th. 29, 13. [Icel. hrár raw; Dan. raa; Swed. rå: Du. raauw: O. H. Ger. rou crudas: Ger. roh.]
hreá-wíc, es; n. A place of the dead, a place where people lie slain, Beo. Th. 2432; B. 1214. [Cf. wæl-stów.]
HREDDAN; p. de To RID, take away, save, liberate :-- God hí hredde wið heora fýnd God rid them of, or saved them from, their enemies, Homl. Th. i. 312, 9. Hrede ɫ nere eripe, Blickl. Gl. Ps. 58, 2. Bútan ðú úsic æt ðam leódsceaþan hreddan wille unless thou wilt save us from the destroyer, Exon. 11 b; Th. 17, 23; Cri. 274. Hwílum ic wráððum sceal stefne mínre forstolen hreddan sometimes with my voice I shall save the stolen from enemies, 104 a; Th. 396, 4; Rä. 15, 18. Óþ ðæt him god wolde þurh hryre hreddan heá ríce until god would take from him by death his exalted power, Cd. 208; Th. 258, 5; Dan. 671. [Orm. redden: O. Frs. hredda, reda: O. H. Ger. rettan. Grff. 2, 471; Ger. retten.] DER. á-hreddan.
hredding, e; f. Saving, salvation, liberation :-- Ús becom deáþ and forwyrd þurh wíf and ús becom líf and hredding þurh wimman death and destruction came upon us by a woman, and by a woman came life and salvation, Homl. Th. i. 194, 33. His ágen líf syllan for ðæs folces hreddinge to give his own life for the redemption of the people, 240, 14. Ongunnon for his hreddinge biddan began to pray for his liberation, 534, 27. Heó mid hreáme hyre hræddinge ofclypode the result of her outcry was to save her, Homl. Swt. 2, 219.
hréfan; p. de To roof :-- Hé lǽt it réfen he had it roofed, Chr. 1137; Erl. 263, 8. v. ge-hréfan.
hrefl, Wrt. Voc. 66, 12. v. hrisil.
hréman. v. hrýman. [From the meaning the word would seem to correspond to O. Sax. hrómian: O. H. Ger. hrómian, hruomian gloriari, jactare; but the adjective hreámig, hrémig, though especially in the compound sige-hrémig it agrees in meaning with the O. Sax. hrómag: O. H. Ger. hrómag, hruomag gloriosus: siguhrómlíh triumphalis, points to a connection with the noun hreám: the verb is therefore given under hrýman, the most usual form under which the verb connected with hreám in form and meaning occurs.]
hrémig, hreámig; adj. Clamorous [from joy or grief], exultant, lamenting, boasting, vaunting :-- Blissum hrémig exultant, Andr. Kmbl. 3394; An. 1701: Elen. Kmbl. 2273; El. 1138: Exon. 48 b; Th. 168, 18; Gú. 1079: 57 b; Th. 206, 14; Ph. 126: 64 b; Th. 237, 19; Ph. 592. Gehþum hrémig lamenting, 98 a; Th. 367, 18; Seel. 9. Húþe hrémig exulting in spoil, Beo. Th. 248; B. 124: 3768; B. 1882: 4114; B. 2054: Elen. Kmbl. 297; El. 149: Andr. Kmbl. 1728; An. 866. Wuldrum hrémge gloriously exulting, Exon. 8 b; Th. 4, 17; Cri. 54. Wíges hreámige [the e is written above the line] boasting of battle, Chr. 937; Erl. 115, 8; Æðelst. 59. Hrémge [so the MS.], Beo. Th. 4715; B. 2363. DER. sige-hrémig. v. hréman.
hremman; p. de To hinder, obstruct, cumber :-- Forceorf hit tó hwí hremþ hit ðisne stede cut it down; why cumbereth it this place? Homl. Th. ii. 408, 4. Úre unlustas and leahtras ðe ús hremaþ our evil desires and vices that hinder us, i. 156, 12. Ðí læs ðe seó smeáung ðæra ǽhta hí æt ðære láre hremde lest the contemplation of the possessions should be a hindrance to them in learning, 60, 30: 394, 14. Ne hremmaþ mínne martyrdóm hinder not my martyrdom, 592, 7. [Cf. Icel. hremma to clutch.]
hremming, e; f A hindering, hindrance, obstruction, obstacle, impediment :-- Nú is ðære eorþan sinewealtnys and ðære sunnan ymgang hremming ðæt se dæg ne byþ on ǽlcum earde gelíce lang now the roundness of the earth and the course of the sun is an obstacle to the day being equally long in every country, Lchdm. iii. 258, 11. Mycele swýðor sceal se sóþa Godes cempa búton ǽlcere hremminge hræðe gehýrsumian Cristes sylfes bebodum much more shall the true soldier of God, without any hindrance, at once obey the commands of Christ himself, Basil admn. 2; Norm. 34, 23.
hrenian redolere, Scint. 28, Lye.
hreoce rubellio, rutilus, Lye. v. reohhe.
HREÓD, es; n. A REED :-- Hwí férde gé on wéstene geseón ðæt hreód ðe byþ mid winde ástyred quid existis in desertum videre harundinem vento moverí, Lk. Skt. 7, 24: Mt. Kmbl. 11, 7. For cynegyrde him hreód forgeáfon gave him a reed for a sceptre, Homl. Th. ii. 252, 27. Hreódes spír a spike of a reed, L. M. 2, 51; Lchdm. ii. 266, 10. Grównys hreódes and ricsa viror calami et junci, Bd. 3, 23; S. 554, 23. Synd ðǽr manige eáland and hreód there are there many islands and reeds, Guthl. 3; Gdwin. 20, 6. [O. Dutch ried: O. H. Ger. reod, ried, riet carectum, carex.]
hreód-bedd, es; n. A reed-bed :-- Ðá wæs ðǽr on middan ðam mere sum hreódbed there was in the middle of the mere a reed-bed, Guthl. 9; Gdwin. 50, 15. Heó ásette hyne on ánum hreódbedde be ðæs flódes ófre exposuit eum in carecto ripæ fluminis, Ex. 2, 3. Ðeós wyrt biþ cenned on dícon and on hreódbeddon this plant [lion-foot] is produced in dikes and reed-beds, Herb. 8, 1; Lchdm. i. 98, 13.
hreódeum [= hreódegum? cf. hreódiht] reedy, covered with rough grass [?] :-- In heágum mórum and in hreódeum [other MS. hréþum] in arduis asperisque montibus, Bd. 4, 27; S. 604, 27.
Hreód-ford Redbridge, Hants, Bd. 4, 16; S. 584, 29.
hreódiht; adj. Reedy :-- On ðone hreódihtan mór, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 121, 20.
hreód-wæter, es; n. Fenny land where reeds are growing :-- Ðá wæs ðæt land eall swá wé geférdon ádrigad and fien and hreádwæteru palus erat sicca et ceno habundans, Nar. 20, 23.
hreód-writ, es; n. A reed for writing, pen; calamus scribæ. Ps. Spl. C. 44, 2.
hreóf; adj. Rough, rugged, scabby, leprous :-- Hreóf leprosus, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 8, 2. Ðonne biþ se líchoma hreóf ðonne se bryne ðe on ðæm innoþe biþ útáslihþ tó ðære hýde fervor intimus usque ad cutis scabiem prorumpit, Past. 11, 5; Swt. 71, 5. In húse simonis ðæs hreófan in domo Simonis leprosi, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 26, 6. Symones hreáfes, Mk. Skt. Lind. 14, 3. Lǽcedóm wið hreófum líce a recipe for a scabby body, L. M. 1, 32; Lchdm. ii. 78, 1. Is ðæs hiw gelíc hreófum stáne it looks like a rough stone, Exon. 96 b; Th. 360, 20; Wal. 8. Monige hreófe [hreáfo, Lind.] multi leprosi, Lk. Skt. Rush. 4, 27: 17, 12: Elen. Kmbl. 2428; El. 1215: Blickl. Homl. 177, 15, Hreófum, Andr. Kmbl. 1155; An. 578. [Icel. hrjúfr rough, scabby: O. H. Ger. riob leprosus.]
hreófl, hreófol, e; f. Roughness of the skin, scabbiness, leprosy :-- Ðonne bí ðam sceabbe suíðe ryhte sió hreófl getácnaþ ðæt wóhhǽmed in scabie fervor viscerum ad cutem trahitur, per quam recte luxuria designator, Past. 11. 5; Swt. 71, 4. Hreóful [Lind. hriófol] lepra, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 8, 3. Hriófal [Lind, riófol], Mk. Skt. Rush. 1, 42: Lk. Skt. Lind. 5, 13. Wer full hriófle vir plenus lepra, 12. Wið horses hreófle ... gif sió hreófol síe micel, L. M. 1, 88; Lchdm. ii. 156, 10, 13. Wið hreóf[l]e, L. Med. ex Quadr. 6, 10; Lchdm. i. 352, 18. Seðe ete his líchaman hreofel qui corporis sui scabiem edit, L. Ecg. P. iv. 52; Th. ii. 218, 30.
hreófl; adj. Leprous :-- Ðá brohte hé hig [his hand] forþ hreófle swá hwít swá snáw quam protulit leprosam instar nivis, Ex. 4, 6. v. next word.
hreófla, an; m. A leper :-- Ðá geneálǽhte án hreófla tó him ecce leprosus veniens, Mt. Kmbl. 8, 2. On simones húse ánes hreóflan, Mk. Skt. 14, 3. Ðæs hreóflan, Mt. Kmbl. 26, 6. Moyses ǽ forbeád tó hrepenne ǽnigne hreóflan the law of Moses forbade to touch any leper, Homl. Th. i. 122, 5. Hreóflan synt gehǽlede leprosi mundantur, Lk. Skt. 7, 22.
hreófla, an; m. Leprosy, scabbiness :-- Se hreófla him fram férde lepra discessit ab illo, Lk. Skt. 5, 13: Mt. Kmbl. 8, 3: Homl. Th. i. 120, 15. Swá micel hreófla tanta scabies, Bd. 5, 2; S. 614, 44. Geseah ðæt hire líchama wæs áfylled mid hreóflan eam vidisset perfusam lepra, Num. 12, 10. Wið sceápa hreóflan against scab in sheep, Lchdm. iii. 56, 19.
hreóf-líc; adj. Having elephantiasis; elephantinus. Hpt. Gl. 519. v. next word.
hreóf-lig; adj. Leprous :-- Ðá com sum hreóflig there came a certain leprous man, Homl. Th. i. 120, 11. Se hreoflia the leper, 122, 10. Getácnode ðes hreóflia man eal mancyn ðe wæs átelíce hreóflig . . . Láðlíc biþ ðæs hreóflian líc this leper betokened all mankind that was foully leprous ... Loathsome is the body of the leper, 16-21: 33. Wacode ealle ða niht mid ðam wædlian hreóflian. Homl. Swt. 3, 486. Reóflium menn gelíc like a leper, Homl. Th. ii. 178, 13. Martinus getácnode ǽnne hreóflinne mannan, 512, 5.
hreóf-ness, e; f. Leprosy :-- Hreófnis swá snáw lepra quasi nix, Num. 12, 10.
hreóh, hréh; n. Roughness of weather, storm, tempest :-- Flód ɫ hréh miððý áwarþ inundatione facta, Lk. Skt. Lind. 6, 48. Sumne sceal hungor áhíðan sumne sceal hreóh fordrífan famine shall waste one man, a storm drive another to destruction, Exon. 87 a; Th. 328, 10; Vy. 15. Ic bíde ðæs beornes ðe mé bóte eft mindóm and mægenes hreóh expectabam eum, qui me salvum faceret a pusillo animo et tempestate, Ps. Th. 54, 7. v. hreóh-full, and next word.
HREÓH; adj. ROUGH, pierce, savage, rough [of the weather, the sea, etc.], stormy, tempestuous, disturbed [of the mind] :-- Hreóh weder tempestas, Mt. Kmbl. 16, 3. Heom on becom swíðe hreóh weder, Chr. 1075; Erl. 212, 23. Hit wæs hreóh sǽ mare exsurgebat, Jn. Skt. 6, 18. Flód hreóh under heofonum, Cd. 69; Th. 83, 29; Gen. 1387: Andr. Kmbl. 933; An. 466: 3083; An. 1544. Hreóh wæter, Ps. Th. 68, 1. Ne wedra gebregd hreóh under heofonum non ibi tempestas nec vis furit horrida venti, Exon. 56 b; Th. 201, 18: Ph. 58. Brond hreóh onetteþ the flame hurries fierce, 59 a; Th. 212, 19; Ph. 217. Hrióh biþ ðonne seó de ǽr gladu onsiéne wæs rough then is the sea that before was smooth, Bt. Met. Fox 5, 20; Met. 5, 10. Án wiht is hreóh and réðe there is a creature fierce and fell, Exon. 127 b; Th. 491, 20; Rä. 81, 2. Yrre gebolgen hreóh and hygeblind angry, cruel and blind of mind, 66 b; Th. 246, 13; Jul. 61: 74 b; Th. 278, 9; Jul. 595. Hreóh and heorogrim, Beo. Th. 3132; B. 1564. Wæs him hreóh sefa ege from ðam eorle troubled was his mind, he was in fear of the man, Bt. Met. Fox 1, 142; Met. 1, 71. Ne mæg wérig mód wyrde wiðstondan ne se hreó hyge helpe gefremman a weary heart cannot withstand fate nor the troubled mind afford help, Exon. 76 b; Th. 287, 18; Wand. 16: 94 b; Th. 354, 9; Reim. 43. Ðá wæs beorges weard on hreóum mode then became the hill-ward of fierce mood, Beo. Th. 5156; B. 2581. On ðære hreón sǽ turbato mari, Past. 9; Swt. 59, 2. On hreón móde troubled, Beo. Th. 2619; B. 1307. Wé geliden hæfdon ofer hreóne hrycg we had sailed over a troubled sea, Exon. 20 b; Th. 53, 31; Cri. 859. Hreó hæglfare a hailstorm, 78 a; Th. 292, 26; Wand. 105. Hreó wǽron ýða rough were the billows, Beo. Th. 1101; B. 548: Andr. Kmbl. 1496; An. 749: Exon. 55 a; Th. 194, 19; Az. 141. Hreóra wǽga, 56 b; Th. 200, 24; Ph. 45. Ðonne seó sǽ hreóhost byþ ðonne wót hé gewiss smelte wedere tówæard when the sea is roughest then he knows certainly that fair weather is to come, Shrn. 179, 18. [Laym. reh, rah: O. Sax. hré.] v. hreów.
hreóh-full; adj. Stormy :-- Hreóhfull geár a stormy year, Lye. v. hreóh.
hreóh-mód; adj. Savage, fierce of mind, ferocious, troubled in mind :-- Hát and hreóhmód angry and savage, Beo. Th. 4581; B. 2296. Hreóhmód wæs se hǽðena þeóden fierce of heart was the heathen prince, Cd. 186; Th. 231, 4; Dan. 242. Se þeóden hreóhmód the prince with troubled heart, Beo. Th. 4270; B. 2132. v. hreóh.
hreóhmód-ness, e; f. Ferocity, Som.
hreóh-, hreó-ness, e; f. Roughness of the weather, of the sea, storm, tempest :-- Ofer eów cymeþ mycel storm and hreóhnes tempestas vobis superveniet, Bd. 3, 15; S. 541, 33. Hreánis tempestas, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 16, 3. On ymbhwyrfte his hreóhnys strang in circuitu ejus tempestas valida, Ps. Spl. 49, 4: Homl. Th. ii. 18, 5. Micel hreohnys on ðære sǽ, 378, 14. Seó hreóhnys wearþ gestilled the tempest was stilled, i. 246, 10, 1. Ic geseó ðæt dás bróðor synd geswencede of ðisse sǽwe hreónesse I see that these brethren are wearied from the roughness of the sea, Blickl. Homl. 233, 26. On ðissere cealdan hreóhnysse in this cold storm, Homl. Swt. 11, 187. Gif hwá hreóhnysse on réwytte þolige ... seó hreohnys byþ forboden if any one suffer stormy weather in rowing ... the rough weather will be stopped, Herb. 171, 3; Lchdm. i. 302. 5. Wið hagol and hreóhnysse ... heó áwendeþ hagoles hreóhnysse, 176; Lchdm. i. 308, 10, 14, 16, 23. Hé dyde swíðe hreónesse ðære sǽwe he made the sea very rough, Blickl. Homl. 235, 5. On ðissere worulde hreóhnyssum in the storms of this world, Homl. Th. ii. 384, 26.
hreól a reel; alibrum, Ælfc. Gr. 111; Som. 79, 55; Wrt. Voc. 59, 26. [Prompt. Parv. reel, womannys instrument alabrum.]
Hreopa-, Hreope-, Hrypa-dún, e; f. Repton, Chr. 755; Erl. 52, 1: 874; Erl. 76, 21: 875; Erl. 76, 33. Gúþlác férde tó mynstre ðe ys gecweden Hrypadún and ðǽr ða gerýnelícan sceare onféng Sce Petres Guthlac went to a monastery that is called Repton and there received the mystical tonsure of St. Peter, Guthl. 23; Gdwin. 16, 20.
hreórig; adj. Ruinous :-- Hrófas sind gehrorene hreórge torras the roofs are fallen, the towers ruinous, Exon. 124 a; Th. 476, 6; Ruin. 3.
hreósan; p. hreás; pl. hruron; pp. hroren To fall [rapidly, headlong], fall down, go to ruin; ruere, corruere :-- Ic hreóse ruo; tó hreósenne ruiturus, Ælfc. Gr. 28; Som. 30, 54. His weorc hrýst tó micclum lyre his work falls to great perdition, Homl. Th. i. 368, 25. Ðá hrýsþ se stól nyðer then the throne falls down, L. I. P. 4; Th. ii. 308, 2. On hærfest hrést and fealuwaþ in autumn it falls and fades, Bt. Met. Fox 11, 116; Met. 11, 58. Twegen unþeáwas hreósaþ on ǽnne man duorum vitiorum languor irruit, Past. 62, 1; Swt. 457, 9. Wongas hreósaþ the plains shall sink away, Exon. 19 b; Th. 51, 5; Cri. 811. Hreósaþ tóbrocene burgweallas, 22 a; Th. 60, 30; Cri. 977. Hreósaþ heofonsteorran the stars of heaven shall fall, 23 a; Th. 64, 27; Cri. 1044. Ðǽr ne hægl ne hrím hreósaþ tó foldan, 56 b; Th. 201, 23; Ph. 60. Heofon and eorþe hreósaþ tógadore heaven and earth shall rush together, Andr. Kmbl. 2875; An. 1440. Ne hreósaþ hí tó hrusan hearde gebíged non est ruina maceriæ, Ps. Th. 143, 8. Swá ðæt hé hreás and feóll on eorþan ita ut corruens in terram, Bd. 4, 31; S. 610, 13. Gomela Scylfing hreás blác the aged Scylfing fell down pale, Beo. Th. 4969; B. 2488: 5654; B. 2831. Hie hrúron gáre wunde they fell wounded by the spear, 2153; B. 1074. Hruron him teáras tears fell from him, 3749; B. 1872. Hie onweg hruron they plunged away [of the creatures on the top of the water which sank to the bottom on the appearance of Beowulf and his companions], 2865; B. 1430: Andr. Kmbl. 3199; An. 1602. Ðæt se swá stronglíce hrure on ða circan that it [the wind] beat so strongly on the church, Shrn. 81, 22. Hreósan under heolstorhofu, Elen. Kmbl. 1525; El. 764: Exon. 28 b; Th. 86, 25; Cri. 1413. Gesihþ hreósan hrím and snáw, 77 a; Th. 289, 14; Wand. 48. Hit hreósan wile sígan sond æfter réne, Bt. Met. Fox 7, 44; Met. 7, 22. Hió is má hreósende for ealddóme ðonne of ǽniges cyninges niéde magis imbecillitate propriæ senectutis quam alienis concussæ viribus contremiscunt, Ors. 2, 4; Swt. 76, 2. Ðý læs cild sý hreósende ðæt is fylleseóc lest a child be falling, that is, be ill of the falling sickness [epilepsy], L. Med. ex Quadr. 5, 12; Lchdm. i. 350, 12. Hríð hreósende the storm rushing, Exon. 78 a; Th. 292, 20; Wand. 102. Ongeán ðam hreósendum treówe towards the falling tree, Homl. Th. ii. 508, 35. Synt swíðe hreósende ðás gesǽlþa these goods are very perishable, Bt. 11, 2; Fox 34, 22. [Laym. reosen; p. rees; pl. ruren: Icel. hrjósa to shudder.] DER. á-, be-, ge-, of-, ofer-, on-, tó-hreósan.
hreósend-líc; adj. Frail, perishable, ready to fall :-- Gé sécaþ ðære heán gecynde gesǽlþa and heore weorþscipe tó dam niðerlícum and tó dam hreósendlícum þingum ab rebus infimis excellentis naturæ ornamenta captatis, Bt. 14, 2; Fox 44, 30. Hreósendlíc cassabundus, corruendus, Hpt. Gl. 422, 459.
hreóða. v. bord-, scild-hreóða.
hreóung, hríung, e; f. Shortness of breath, hardness of breathing :-- Hriung suspirium, Ælfc. Gl. 10; Som. 57, 28; Wrt. Voc. 19, 34. Hreóung hlýdende swíðust innan hard breathing sounding chiefly from within, L. M. 2, 46; Lchdm. ii. 258, 19.
hreów, e; f. Sorrow, regret, penitence, penance, repentance :-- Búton him seó sóþe hreów gefultmige unless true penitence help them, Blickl. Homl. 101, 7: Bt. Met. Fox 18, 21; Met. 18, 11. Án hreów ys wydewan and fǽmnan viduæ et puellæ una est pœnitentia, L. Ecg. P. iv. 68, 9; Th. ii. 228, 30. Ic ðec lǽdan sceal tó ðam hálgan hám dær nǽfre hreów cymeþ I shall lead thee to that holy home where sorrow never comes, Exon. 32 b; Th. 102, 20; Cri. 1675: Beo. Th. 4645; B. 2328. Hú langæ ðú on hreówe ǽwunian sceole quamdiu pœnitentiæ insistere, Bd. 4, 25; S. 600, 11. On gódre hreówe in vera pœnitentia, L. Ecg. C. 2; Th. ii. 136, 24. Mid synna hreówe with repentance for sins, L. Wih. 3; Th. i. 36, 18: 5; Th. i. 38, 8. From ðære incundan hreówe ab intentione pœnitentiæ, Past. 53, 5; Swt. 415, 36. Bútan hreówe without regret, 44, 5; Swt. 324, 18. Ðón wé úrum Drihtne sóþe hreówe and bóte, Blickl. Homl. 35, 36. Hreówe and dǽdbóte, 79, 5. Ne hé wihte hafaþ hreówe on móde ðæt him hálig gǽst losige he hath not regret for the loss of his holy spirit, Exon. 30 b; Th. 95, 16; Cri. 1558. Hreówum tornost most grievous of sorrows, Beo. Th. 4265; B. 2129. Hreówum gedreahte afflicted with regrets, Exon. 22 b; Th. 61, 34; Cri. 994. [O. and N. reowe: O. H. Ger. hriuwa, hriuwi pœnitentia, pœnitudo, dolor: Ger. reue.]
hreów; adj. In Andr. Kmbl. 2233; An. 1118 the alliteration seems to require reów. In the compounds blód-, wæl-hreów the second syllable seems to be hreóh [or is it reów, or may hreów be a confusion of the two forms?], as the form hreóh does not occur independently in the sense of fierce. Grein separates hreóh [hreów] under two heads with the meanings sævus, mæstus, but this seems unnecessary, as the idea of mental disturbance may be derived from that of physical disturbance in hreóh, q.v. see also hreówe. However, as Ettmüller, p. 504, observes, perhaps the three forms hreóh, hreów, hreáw are sometimes confounded.
hreówan; p. hreáw To rue, make sorry, grieve; often impers :-- Him nan yfel ne hríwþ quam mala nulla contristant, Past. 53, 5; Swt. 417, 1. Hí hér syngiaþ and hit him nó ne hreówþ they sin in this world and are not sorry for it, 55, 2; Swt. 429, 17. Hreóweþ, Exon. 44 b; Th. 150, 23; Gú. 783: Cd. 22; Th. 27, 31; Gen. 426. Ðonne hreóweþ hire dæt heó hire gehát ne gefylde pœnitentia mota quod votum suum non impleverit, L. Ecg. C. 33; Th. ii. 158, 7. Hreáw him pœnituit eum, Ps. Spl. 105, 42. Hreáw hine, Ps. Th. 105, 34: Cd. 64; Th. 77, 17; Gen. 1276. Gif ðú ongite ðæt him his synna hreówen if you see that his sins cause him sorrow, L. de Cf. 2; Th. ii. 260, 19. Swá swá hí læsse ongietad on him selfum ðæs ðe him hreówan þyrfe cum minus se respiciunt habere quod defleant, Past. 52, 9; Swt. 411, 5. For ðæm ðe hie ne mágon ealneg ealla on áne tíd emnsáre hreówan neque enim uno eodemque tempore æque mens de omnibus dolet, 53, 3; Swt. 413, 29. Ne hit him ne lǽt hreówan does not let it trouble him, Bt. 39, 12; Fox 232, 2; Cd. 38; Th. 50, 29, 36; Gen. 816, 819: Exon. 28 b; Th. 86, 28; Cri. 1415: 100 a; Th. 376, 5; Seel. 150. [Laym. reouwen: Orm. reoweþþ, prs; ræw, p: Chauc. reweþ: Prompt. Parv. ruwyñ peniteo, penitet; compatior: O. Sax. hrewan: Icel. hryggja, hryggwa to distress, grieve: O. H. Ger. [h]riuwan; Ger. reuen.] DER. ge-, of-hreówan.
hreów-cearig; adj. Troubled, anxious, sorrowful :-- Hreðer innan swearc hyge hreówcearig his soul grew dark within, his mind distressed, Exon. 48 a; Th. 165, 9; Gú. 1026: 73 b; Th. 274, 21; Jul. 536: Rood Kmbl. 49; Kr. 25. Hreówcearigum help help to the troubled, Exon. 13 a; Th. 23, 11; Cri. 367.
hreówe; adj. Sad, grieved, sorrowful, penitent :-- Hreówum teárum lacrymis pœnitentiæ, Bd. 4, 25; S. 600, 15. [O. Sax. hriwi: Icel. hryggr afflicted, grieved.] v. hreów, and for the form of the word cf. treówe.
hreówian to repent :-- Hreówigas pœnitemini, Mk. Skt. Lind. 1, 15. [O. Sax. hriwón: O. H. Ger. hriuwón.]
hreówig; adj. Sad, mournful :-- Nú wit hreówige mágon sorgian for his síþe now may we mournful sorrow for his journey, Cd. 38; Th. 49, 29; Gen. 799. [O. Sax. hriwig: O. H. Ger. [h]riuwag pœnitens, compunctus corde.]
hreówig-mód; adj. Sad at heart :-- Wíf hreówigmód [Eve] Cd. 37; Th. 48, 5; Gen. 771. Hí hreówigrnóde wurpon hyra wǽpen of dúne they disconsolate flung down their weapons, Judth. 12; Thw. 25, 33; Jud. 290. [O. Sax. hriwig-mód.]
hreów-, hríw-líc; adj. Grievous, miserable, pitiful, sad :-- Hreówlíc calamitosus, Hpt. Gl. 518. His wíf wyrþe wydewe hreówlíc fiat uxor ejus vidua, Ps. Th. 108, 9. Wálá ðǽt wæs hreówlíc síþ alas! that was a miserable thing, 1057; Erl. 192, 20. Wé geseóþ ðæt wé elles hrýwlícum deáþe forwurþan sceolon we see that otherwise we shall perish by a miserable death, St. And. 36, 7. [Laym. reowlich: R. Glouc. rewlich.]
hreów-líce; adv. Miserably, cruelly, grievously :-- Ða ðe swá hreówlíce ácwealde wǽron crudeliter interemptos, Bd. 1, 15; S. 484, 3: Chr. 1036; Erl. 164, 35. Blǽdran swíðe hreówlíce berstende blisters bursting very painfully, Ors. 1, 7; Swt. 38, 7. Mágon hie swá hreówlíce wépan swá gé mágon ðara óðra blíþelíce hlihhan, 3, 7; Swt. 120, 6. Earme menn sindon hreówlíce besyrwde poor men are grievously ensnared, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 106, 47. Hreówlíce gefærþ seðe hine sylfne ðus forþ forscyldigaþ and gesǽlig biþ hé ðeáh ... miserably does he fare who thus continues to incur guilt; and yet he will be happy ..., L. Pen. 12; Th. ii. 280, 28: Chr. 1096; Erl. 233, 22.
hreów-ness, e; f. Penitence, repentance, sorrow, contrition :-- Æfter his dǽdbóte hreównysse post pœnitentiæ contritionem, L. Ecg. P. Th. ii. 170, 13, Hreównisse [hréunisse, Rush.] pœnitentiam, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 11, 21. Hreónisse, 3, 8. Hreáwnise, 21, 29: Mk. Skt. Lind. 6, 12. Hreóunisse pœnitentia, Rtl. 8, 33.
hreów-ness. v. wæl-hreówness, and hreów.
hreówsian, hrýwsian; p. ode To be sorry, grieve, repent, do penance :-- Ðæt hé ǽfre ne beþence ymbe ða hreówsunge ðe hé ǽr hreówsade deque pœnitentia qua antea pœnituit nunquam cogitare, L. Ecg. P. i. 7; Th. ii. 174, 26. Hire sint forgifena swíðe manega synna forðæmðe hió swíðe hreówsade, Past. 52, 9; Swt. 411, 12. Hrýwsode pœnituit, Ps. Spl. C. 105, 42. Hreówsiaþ pœnitemini, Mk. Skt. Rush. 1, 15. Sume wyllaþ ðæt hé hreówsige nonnulli volunt ut pœniteat, L. Ecg. C. 24; Th. ii. 150, 9. Ðaet se rihtwísa man hreówsige hine sylfne swylce hé wið God forwyrht sig ut justus homo pœnitentiam agat eorum, quæ erga Deum deliquerit, L. Ecg. P. i. 5; Th. ii. 174, 6. Heora synna hreówsian and dǽdbóte dón, Ors. 6, 2; Swt. 256, 13. Ðá ongann hé hreówsian pœnitentia ductus, Mt. Kmbl. 27, 3. Mínum hreówsiendan geþohte to my sorrowing thought, Bt. 3; Fox 4. 26. For hreówsigendne man pro pœnitenti, L. Ecg. C. 36; Th. ii. 160, 20. Fore hreósendum pro pœnitentibus, Rtl. 177, 7. [Laym. reousien: O. H. Ger. [h]riuwisón.] DER. be-hreówsian.
hreówsung, e; f. Sorrowing, sorrow, penitence, repentance :-- Hreówsung pœnitudo, Hpt. Gl. 510. Se apostol bebeád ðæt hí þrítig daga be hreówsunge dǽdbétende Gode geoffrodon the apostle ordered that they for thirty days with penitence should offer to God doing penance, Homl. Th. i. 68, 17. Gif hí hwæt gesyngodon hí hit eft mid hreówsunge gebéton if they sinned in aught they should make amends therein with repentance, Bt. 41, 3; Fox 248, 14. Hig hreówsunge dydon pœniterent, Lk. Skt. 10, 13. Ðæt hé þurh ða hreówsunga geméte forgiefnesse beforan ðære soþfæsðnesse ut per lamenta veniam in conspectu veritatis obtineat, Past. 21, 7; Swt. 165, 22. Forlǽtaþ eówre hreówsunga cease your lamentations; capita vestra nolite nudare et vestimenta nolite scindere, Lev. 10, 6. Be his sylfes heortan hreówsungum according to the penitence of his own heart, L. Pen. 3; Th. ii. 278, 11. [Orm. reowwsunnge.] v. be-hreówsung.
hrepian, hreopian; p. ode To touch, treat :-- Se ðe eów hrepaþ hit mé biþ swá egle swylce hé hreppe ða seó mínes eágan he that touches you, it will be as painful to me as if he touches the apple of my eye, Homl. Th. i. 392, 15: 516, 22. Seó hrepaþ swýðost ymbe Cristes godcundnysse it [the gospel of St. John] treats chiefly of Christ's divinity, 70, 1. Swá hraðe swá his sceadu hí hreopode as soon as his shadow touched them, 316, 16: 492, 25. Hrepede, 176, 6. Gif ic his reáfes gefnædu hreppe ... heó hrepode his reáfes fnædu ... Hwá hreopode mé ... ðú áxast hwá dé hreopode ... ðæt wíf hine hrepode, ii. 394, 10-18. Wé ne hrepodon ðone traht we did not treat the exposition, i. 104, 6. Ne hrepa ðú ðæs treówes wæstm touch not the fruit of the tree, 14, 1: Homl. Swt. 5, 302. God bebeád ús ðæt we ðæt treów ne hrepodon præcepit nobis deus ne tangeremus illud [lignum], Gen. 3, 3. v. gehrepod, and next word.
hreppan to touch, treat; -- Ic hreppe tango, Ælfc. Gr. 28; Som. 32, 56. Ic hreppe Pharao mid ánum wíte una plaga tangam Pharaonem, Ex. 11, 1. Se ðe wudu hrepeþ he who touches the wood, Exon. 127 b; Th. 490, 7; Rä. 79, 7. Ða wé ne hreppaþ those [nouns] we shall not treat of, Ælfc. Gr. 9; Som. 12, 30. Ðeáh hí hwá hreppe heó hit ne gefrét though any one touch it [the soul] it does not feel it, Homl. Swt. 1, 220. Ða réðe deór ne dorston hí reppan the fierce beasts durst not touch them, 4, 405. Hire on beseón oððe hí hreppan to look upon her or touch her, 7, 151. Hwá dearr hí hreppan, Homl. Th. i. 458, 17. His eágan hreppan mid ðam seáwe to touch his eyes with the juice, Herb. 31; Lchdm. i. 128, 12. Moyses ǽ forbeád tó hrepenne ǽnigne hreóflan the law of Moses forbade to touch any leper, Homl. Th. i. 122, 5. v. preceding word, and for such pairs of verbs see March's Anglo-Saxon Grammar, § 222. [Icel. hreppa to reach, catch, obtain.]
hrepsung, e; f. The evening :-- Ǽfen oððe hrepsung vesper, Som.
hrepung, e; f. Touch, touching :-- Hrepung tactus, Ælfc. Gr. 11; Som. 15, 15. Ða andgitu sint gehátene ðus . . . tactus hrepung on eallum limum the senses are named thus ... tactus touch, in all the limbs, Homl. Swt. 1, 199: Homl. Th. ii. 372, 26. Hé mihte mid his worde hine gehǽlan búton hrepunge ac hé geswutelode ðæt his hrepung is swíðe hálwende geleáfullum he could have healed him with his word without touching; but he shewed that his touch is very salutary to believers, Homl. Th. i. 122, 9. Drihten gehǽlde ða untruman þurh his reáfes hrepunge the Lord healed the sick by the touch of his garment, ii. 394, 5.
hrér; adj. Rear [provincial], not thoroughly cooked, lightly boiled [of eggs] :-- Nim hrér henne æg take a hen's egg lightly boiled, L. M. 2, 52; Lchdm. ii. 272, 16. [Prompt. Parv. rere, or nesche, as eggys mollis; see the note p. 430.] v. hréren-brǽden.
hreran[?] to fall: -- Ðæt ic hryre ɫ gefealle [= ? hrure ɫ gefeólle] ut caderem, MS. T: hí hrǽron, Ps. Spl. 117, 13.
hréran; p. de To move, shake, stir :-- Ic wudu hrére I move the wood, Exon. 101 a; Th. 381, 9; Rä. 2, 8. Hréra, 101 b; Th. 383, 9; Rä. 4, 8. Forhwí dréfe gé eówru mód mid unrihte fióunge swá swá ýða for winde ða sǽ hréraþ quid tantos juvat excitare motus, Bt. 39, 1; Fox 210, 25: Bt. Met. Fox 27, 5; Met. 27, 3. Hig wegdan hrérdan heora heáfod moverunt capita sua, Ps. Th. 108, 25. Hrér swíðe stir thoroughly, L. M. 1, 38; Lchdm. ii. 94, 9, 21. Hrér mid sticcan, 3, 26; Lchdm. ii. 322, 28. Hrére ðonne swíðe let it be thoroughly shaken, 1, 36; Lchdm. ii. 88, 1: 38; Lchdm. 92, 4: 94, 13. Hé ne lǽtaþ míne fét láðe hréran non dedit commoveri pedes meos, Ps. Th. 65, 8. Hréran mid hondum hrímcalde sǽ to row on the ice-cold sea, Exon. 76 b; Th. 286, 21; Wand. 4. Sum mæg fromlíce ofer sealtne sǽ sundwudu drífan hréran holmþræce, 17 b; Th. 42, 25; Cri. 678. [O. Sax. hrórian: Icel. hræra to move, stir: O. H. Ger. hruorian movere, agitare, tangere: Ger. rühren.] v. on-hréran, hrór.
hréred-ness, e; f. Agitation, haste, precipitation :-- Ealle word hrýrednesse omnia verba præcipitationis, Ps. Lamb. 51, 6.
hrére-mús, e; f. A rear-, rere-mouse, bat :-- Hrére-mús vespertilio, Wrt. Voc. 77, 40. [See Nare's Gloss. rear-, rere-mouse, and cf. Ger. fleder-maus.] v. hreáðe-mús: hrór.
hréren-brǽden; adj. Not thoroughly cooked :-- On án hrérenbrǽden æg over an egg lightly cooked, Lchdm. iii. 294, 8. v. hrér.
hrér-ness, e; f. Motion, disturbance, agitation, commotion, storm :-- Hroernis michelo geworden wæs in sǽ motus magnus factus est in mari, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 8, 24. Gást hrýrenesse ɫ stormes spiritus procellæ, Ps. Lamb. 106, 25. Eorþ hroernisse terræ motu, 27, 54. Swá ðú hí on yrre ehtest and dréfest ðæt hí on hrérnesse hraðe forweorþaþ ita persequeris illos in tempestate tua; et in ira tua conturbabis eos, Ps. Th. 82, 11. v. eorþ-hrérness.
hrést = hrýst, Bt. Met. Fox 11, 116; Met. 11, 58. v. hreósan.
hréð, es; m. [?] Glory, fame, triumph, honour :-- Siððan him gesǽlde sigorworca hréð ðæt hé ealdordóm ágan sceolde ofer cynerícu afterwards fell to him the glory of victorious deeds, that he should have dominion over kingdoms, Cd. 158; Th. 198, 2; Exod. 316. Him wyrd ne gescráf hréð æt hilde fate ordained not for him triumph in battle, Beo. Th. 5143; B. 2575. v [O. H. Ger. hruodi (in proper names), Grff. iv. 1153: cf. Icel. hróðr praise, fame.] v. gúþ-, sige-hréð; hréðig, hróðor.
hréða, an; m. A garment made of goat's skin; melotes, Cot. 133, Lye. v. bord-, scild-hreóða [-hréða].
hréðan; p. de To glory, triumph :-- Hréðdon hildespelle they triumphed with the song of [victorious] battle, Cd. 170; Th. 214, 22; Exod. 573.
hréðe; adj. Fierce, cruel, savage, rough :-- Wearþ hire wráþ on móde heard and hréðe was wroth with her, harsh and cruel, Cd. 103; Th. 136, 20; Gen. 2261. Deáþ neálǽcte strong and hréðe, Exon. 49 b; Th. 170, 18; Gú. 1113. Hroeðo suíðe sævi nimis, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 8, 28. In heágum mórum and hréðum in arduis asperisque montibus, Bd. 4, 27; S. 604, 27. Ðám hréðestum feóndum sævissimis hostibus, Mone Gl. 346. v. réðe.
hréð-eádig; adj. Glorious, noble, triumphant :-- Biþ ðǽr his þegna eác hréðeádig heáp there too shall be a triumphant band of his servants, Exon. 21 b; Th. 58, 33; Cri. 945. Sum biþ on huntoþe hréðeádigra deóra drǽfend one is more famous in hunting, a chaser of wild beasts, 78 b; Th. 295, 23; Crä. 37. [Thorpe and Grem take hréðeádigra as gen., but see Th. 298, 1; Crä. 78 for another comparative.] Hærfest biþ hréðeádegost hæleþum bringeþ géres wæstmas ða ðe him god sendeþ autumn is most glorious, it brings to man the fruits of the year which God sends them, Menol. Fox 475; Gn. C. 8. [Cf. Icel. hróðr-auðigr famous.]
hreðer, hræðer, hraðer, es; m. [?] Breast, bosom :-- Hreðor innan wæs wynnum áwelled the breast within was joyously agitated, Andr. Kmbl. 2036; An. 1020. Hreðer [hreder, MS.] innan weóll beorn breóstsefa, Exon. 15 b; Th. 34, 9; Cri. 539: 46 b; Th. 158, 15; Gú. 910: Beo. Th. 4233; B. 2113. Hreðer innan swearc hyge hreówcearig dark within grew his breast, troubled with care his mind, Exon. 48 a; Th. 165, 8; Gú. 1025. Hreðer æðme weóll his breast heaved with breathing, Beo. Th. 5780; B. 2593. Is mé ænige gást innan hreðres anxiatus est in me spiritus meus, Ps. Th. 142, 4. On breóston inne on hraðre, Bt. Met. Fox 25, 91; Met. 25, 46. Him of hræðre [hwæðre, MS.] gewát sáwol from his bosom departed the soul, Beo. Th. 5631; B. 2819. Him on hreðre heáfodswíma heortan clypte in his bosom stupor clasped his heart, Cd. 76; Th. 94, 27; Gen. 1568. Ðe dryhtnes bebod heóldon on hreðre who kept the lord's command in their breast, Exon. 24 b; Th. 71, 23; Cri. 1160. Him wæs hreów on hreðre hygesorga mǽst, Beo. Th. 4645; B. 2328. Hé mé in hreðre bileác wísdómes giefe, Exon. 51 a; Th. 176, 33; Gú. 1219: Andr. Kmbl. 138; An. 69: Cd. 161; Th. 201, 2; Exod. 366: Beo. Th. 2306; B. 1151. Ys mé on hreðre heorte gedréfed cor meum conturbatum est in me, Ps. Th. 54, 4: 70, 8. Biþ on hreðre drepen biteran stræle is smitten in the breast with the bitter shaft, Beo. Th. 3494; B. 1745. Æt helle duru dracan eardigaþ háte on hreðre at hell's door dwell dragons that send fire from within [firedrakes], Cd. 215; Th. 271, 1; Sat. 99. Baðu hát on hreðre hot baths, Exon. 124 b; Th. 478, 16; Ruin. 42: Beo. Th. 6287; B. 3148. Blód út ne com of hreðre blood came not from my breast, Exon. 130 a; Th. 499, 9; Rä. 88, 13. Mé on hreðre heáfod sticade in her bosom she stuck my head, 124 b; Th. 479, 9; Rä. 62, 5. Hálig heofonlíce gást hreðer weardode æðelne innoþ the holy heavenly spirit guarded her breast, her noble womb, Elen. Kmbl. 2288; El. 1145: Exon. 49 a; Th. 169, 20; Gú. 1102. Him hildegráp hreðre ne mihte aldre gesceððan the hostile grasp could not harm his breast, his life, Beo. Th. 2897; B. 1446. Hreðra gehygd counsel, 4096; B. 2045: Exon. 77 b; Th. 290, 28; Wand. 72. v. mid-hriðre.
hreðer-bealo; n. Breast-bale, hurt to the mind, care, grief, Beo. Th. 2690; B. 1343.
hreðer-cófa, an; m. The breast, Exon. 27 a; Th. 81, 25; Cri. 1329.
hreðer-gleáw; adj. Prudent of mind, Cd. 143; Th. 178, 17; Exod. 13.
hreðer-loca, an; m. The breast, Exon. 51 a; Th. 178, 1; Gú. 1237: 82 a; Th. 309, 17; Seef. 58: 23 b; Th. 65, 17; Cri. 1056: Elen. Kmbl. 173; El. 86.
hréðig; adj. Triumphant, exultant. [Goth. hróþeigs victorious, triumphant: Icel. hróðugr triumphant, glorious; mod. boasting.] DER. eád-, eáð-, sige-, will-hréðig.
hréð-leás; adj. Inglorious, joyless, without the joy of victory, Exon. 46 a; Th. 156, 21; Gú. 878.
hreð-, hréd-mónaþ, es; m. March :-- On ðæm þriddan mónþe on geáre biþ án and þrittig daga and se mónþ is nemned on lǽden martius and on úre geþeóde hrédmónaþ in the third month in the year are one and thirty days, and the month is called in latin martius, and in our language hrédmónaþ, Shrn. 59, 9. Ðonne se hréðmónaþ biþ ágán ðonne biþ seó niht twelf tída lang and se dæg ðæt ilce when March is past then the night is twelve hours long and the day the same, 69, 7. Bede in his work 'De temporum ratione' c. 13 says 'Rhedmonath a dea illorum Rheda, cui in illo sacrificabant, nominatur.' Grimm quotes similar forms from other German sources, Retmonat, Redimonet, as names of March or February; and supposes an O. H. Ger. Hruod, Hruoda to correspond to the English Hréd, Hréðe, which would be connected with hruod [v. hréð] fame, glory. See D. M. 267.
hréð-ness, e; f. Fierceness, roughness [of weather], cruelty :-- Hroeðnise sævitiam, Rtl. 122, 14. Hroeðnise tempestatem, Lk. Skt. Lind. 8, 24. [Cf. hreóh-ness.]
hréð-sigor, es; m. Glorious victory, Beo. Th. 5160; B. 2583.
hricsc [= ? hrisc or hrics] a rick, crick, a wrench accompanied with a small sound :-- Of fylle oððe of slege oððe of hricsca hwilcum from a fall or from a blow or from any crick, L. M. 1, 31; Lchdm. ii. 72, 23. [Cf. hriscan.]
hriddel, es; n. [?] A riddle, sieve, Som. [Prompt. Parv. rydyl cribrum] v. hriðian, hridder.
hridder, es; n. A sieve, instrument for winnowing corn: -- Hridder capisterium, taratantara, Ælfc. Gl. 50; Som. 65, 116, 117; Wrt. Voc. 34, 45, 46. Ðá ábæd his fóstormóder án hridder ... Benedictus genam ða sticcu ðæs tóclofenan hriddores ... hí ðæt hridder up áhéngon æt heora cyrcan geate, Homl. Th. ii. 154, 16-24. [O. H. Ger. ritra cribrum, cribellum.] v. hriddel.
hridrian; p. ode To sift, winnow :-- Satanas gyrnde ðæt hé eów hridrude swá swá hwǽte Satanas expetivit vos ut cribraret sicut triticum, Lk. Skt. 22, 31. [O. H. Ger. ritaron cribrare; Ger. reitern to sift.]
hrif, rif, es; n. The womb, belly; uterus, venter :-- Ðín ðæt fæðmlíce hrif thine enfolding womb, Blickl. Homl. 7, 29. Hrif uterus, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 1, 8: 19 12: Rtl. 51, 27. Ðæt uferre hrif, L. M. 2, 28; Lchdm. ii. 224, 8. Rif vel seó inre wamb alvus, Ælfc. Gl. 74; Som. 71, 55; Wrt. Voc. 44, 38. Wið hrifes áþundennesse for puffing of the visceral cavity, Lchdm. iii. 70, 24. Of módur hrife mínre de utero matris meæ, Ps. Th. 138, 11: 70, 5. Of hryfe ex utero, Ps. Spl. 21, 8. On hrife ðære á clǽnan fǽmnan, Blickl. Homl. 33, 15. Bán biþ funden on heortes heortan hwílum on hrife a bone is found in a hare's heart, sometimes in its belly, L. Med. ex Quadr. 2, 17; Lchdm. i. 338, 6. Ácsedon hwider hie fleón woldon ðæt hie óðer gener næfden búton hie on heóra wífa hrif gewiton quærentes, num in uteros uxorum vellent refugere, Ors. 1, 12; Swt. 54, 4. Lácnung on ðæt hrif tó sendanne to send medicine into the belly, L. M. 2, 32; Lchdm. ii. 234, 19. Þurh mínre módor hrif, Exon. 111 a; Th. 424, 27; Rä. 41, 44: 14 a; Th. 27, 4; Cri. 425. [O. Frs. rif, ref: O. H. Ger. href, ref uterus.] v. mid-hrif.
hrífþo, hriéfþo; f. Roughness of the skin, scurf :-- Heáfdes hrífþo, L. M. 2, 35; Lchdm. ii. 240, 20. v. hreóf.
hrif-wirc, -wærc, es; m. A pain in the belly; yleos. Ælfc. Gl. 10; Som. 57, 16; Wrt. Voc. 19, 24.
hrif-wund; adj. Wounded in the belly :-- Gif [hé] hrifwund [hrif wund, Thorpe] weorþeþ xii scill. gebéte. Gif hé þurhþirel weorþeþ xx scill. gebéte if he be wounded in the belly let twelve shillings be paid. If he be run through let twenty shillings be paid [cf. the passage given in the note from Alamannic Laws, 'si in interiora membra transpunctus fuerit, quod hrefwunt dicunt, cum xii sol. componat. Si transpunctus fuerit cum xxiv sol. componat.' See, too, Graff. i. 897-8], L. Ethb. 61; Th. i. 18, 6.
hrilæcung [?] ratiocinatio, Som.
HRÍM, es; m. RIME, hoar-frost :-- Hrím pruina, Ælfc. Gl. 94; Som. 75, 102; Wrt. Voc. 52, 52. Hrím and forst háre hildstapan, Andr. Kmbl. 2516; An. 1259. Se hearda forst-hrím heorugrimma, Exon. 111 a; Th. 425, 12; Rä. 41, 55. Hægel se hearda and hrím, 127 b; Th. 490, 11; Rä. 79, 9, Ðǽr ne hægl ne hrím hreósaþ tó foldan nec gelido terram rore pruina tegit, 56 b; Th. 201, 22; Ph. 60. Hrím hrusan bond hægl feól on eorþan frost bound the land, hail fell on earth, 81 b; Th. 307, 31; Seef. 32. Ne hægles hryre ne hrímes dryre, 563; Th. 198, 27, Ph. 16. Mid herige hrímes and snáwes with the legions of frost and snow, Menol. Fox 406; Men. 204. On hríme in pruina, Ps. Th. 118, 83. Hríme gehyrsted adorned with hoar-frost, Menol. Fox 70; Men. 35: Exon. 77 b; Th. 291, 4; Wand. 77. Wineleás guma gesihþ him beforan baðian brimfuglas brǽdan feðra hreósan hrím and snáw hagle gemenged the friendless man sees before him the sea-birds bathe, and spread their wings, sees rime and snow fall mingled with hail, 77 a; Th. 289, 14; Wand. 48. Nǽnig móste heora hrórra hrím æpla gedígean occidit moros eorum in pruina, Ps. Th. 77, 47. [Icel. hrím; n. hrími; m: O. H. Ger. rime gelu, Grff. ii. 506.]
hrím-ceald; adj. Icy cold :-- Hrímcalde sǽ, Exon. 76 b; Th. 286, 22; Wand. 4. [Icel. hrím-kaldr.]
hrím-gicel, es; m. An icicle; -- Bihongen hrímgicelum, Exon. 81 b; Th. 307, 1; Seef. 17.
hrímig; adj. Rimy, covered with hoar-frost :-- Swíðe hrímige bearwas woods thickly covered with hoar-frost, Blickl. Homl. 209, 32: 207, 27 [?]. Winter biþ cealdost lencten hrímigost black frosts in winter, white frosts in spring, Menol. Fox 411; Gn. C. 6.
hrímig-heard; adj. Hard with frost, hard frozen, Exon. 130 a; Th. 498, 25; Rä. 88, 7.
hrínan; p. hrán; pp. hrinen To touch, reach, strike. I. with gen :-- Ðú his hrínan meaht thou mayest touch it, Cd. 29; Th. 38, 34; Gen. 616. II. with dat :-- Grundum ic hríne the depths I touch, Exon. 125 b; Th. 482, 22; Rä. 67, 5: 102 b; Th. 389, 8; Rä. 7, 4: 104 b; Th. 397, 31; Rä. 16, 28. Gif ic hríno wéde his if touch his garment, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 9, 21. Se hǽlend and hrán [or andhrán? cf. O. Sax. ant-hrínan] égum heora Iesus tetigit oculos eorum, Rush. 20, 34. Se hǽlend hrán him tangens eum, Mk. Skt. Rush. 1, 41: Exon. 110 a; Th. 421, 18; Rä. 40, 30. Hrinon hearmtánas drihta bearnum, Cd. 47; Th. 61, 4; Gen. 992. Ðeáh ðe him wund hrine though the wound had touched him, Beo. Th. 5945; B. 2976. Ele synfulra ǽfre ne mote heáfde mínum hrínan oleum peccatorum non impinguet caput meum, Ps. 140, 7. Nǽnig wæter him hrínan ne mihte no water might reach him, Beo. Th. 3035; B. 1515: 1981; B. 988: Cd. 69; Th. 84, 11; Gen. 1396. Ðæt hý him mid hondum hrínan mósten, Exon. 38 b; Th. 127, 5; Gú. 381: 73 a; Th. 273, 7; Jul. 512. Ðé hondum hrínan, 36 b; Th. 119, 13; Gú. 254. Hrínande him tangens eum, Mk. Skt. Lind. 1. 41. III. with acc :-- Ic hríno ðone hiorde percutiam pastorem, 14, 27. Gif hé mid his mihte muntas hríneþ qui tangit montes, Ps. Th. 103, 30: Exon. 106 b; Th. 406, 4; Rä. 24, 12. Hrín ða góman mid touch the fauces with it, L. Med. ex Quadr. 5, 3; Lchdm. i. 348, 10. Ne sceolon míne ða hálgan hrínan nolite tangere christos meos, Ps. Th. 104, 13. Wát ic Matheus þurh mǽnra hand hrinan heorudolgum. Andr. Kmbl. 1883; An. 944. IV. with object omitted :-- Ðæt hé má wolde afrum onfengum earme gǽstas hrínan léton that he would further let the wretched spirits with their dire attacks touch him [Guthlac], Exon. 40 a; Th. 133, 17; Gú. 491. Swá hit him on innan com hrán æt heortan so it came within him, touched him at his heart, Cd. 33; Th. 45, 9; Gen. 724. Óþ ðæt deáþes folm hrán æt heortan until the hand of death touched him at his heart, Beo. Th. 4532; B. 2270. [A. R. rineð, prs: Orm. ran, p: O. Sax. hrínan: Icel. hrína to cleave, to hurt: O. H. Ger. hrínan tangere, obtrectare.] DER. æt-, and-, ge-, on-hrínan.
hrind. A word of doubtful meaning occurring in the following passage, 'Nis ðæt feor heonon ðæt se mere standeþ ofer ðæm hongiaþ hrinde bearwas wudu wyrtum fæst wæter oferhelmaþ,' Beo. Th. 2731; B. 1363. Thorpe translates barky, Kemble rinded, but in this case there should be no initial h. In Ælfc. Gl. 59; Som. 68, 5, 6; Wrt. Voc. 38, 56, 57 hrind transhtes caudex vel codex, and liber is translated seó inre hrind, but perhaps the better reading for the former would be rind = cortex. Otherwise hrinde bearwas might be [?] 'groves with [large-] stemmed trees.' Grem compares the word with forms given by Halliwell rind frozen to death, rinde to destroy, and suggests dead; Heyne takes hrinde = hrínende and compares with Icel. hrína sonare. Might hrinde = hringde in the sense 'placed in a ring or circle,' so that hrinde bearwas would be the trees placed round or encircling the mere?
hrindan; p. hrand, pl. hrundon To push, thrust :-- Hé hrand [MS. rand], Exon. 113 b; Th. 436, 21; Rä. 55, 4. [Icel. hrinda to thrust.]
hrine, es; m. Touch :-- Hrine tactus, Wrt. Voc. 282, 32. Drihten ðú wé né mágon ongytan mid hrine Lord thou whom we cannot perceive with the touch, Shrn. 166, 21. v. æt-hrine.
hrine-ness, e; f. Touching, contact :-- Fram werelíce hrinenesse a viri contactu, Bd. 4, 19; S. 587, 37. Mid ða ylcan hrinenesse eodem tactu, 31; S. 610, 34. v. ge-hrineness.
HRING, hrincg, es; m. A RING, circle, circuit, cycle, orb, globe, festoon :-- Ágymmed hrincg ungulus: geheáfdod hringce samothracius: lytel hring anelus, Ælfc. Gl. 65; Som. 69, 30, 31, 49; Wrt. Voc. 40, 59, 60; 41, 6. Hringc ansa, Wrt. Voc. 66, 34: 284, 7. Hring fibula, legula, sertum, Cot. 85, 186, 190, Lye. Án fýren hring globus ignis, Ors. 5, 10; Swt. 234, 3. Mon geseah ymbe ða sunnan swelce án gylden hring circulus ad speciem cælestis arcus orbem solis ambiit, 14; Swt. 248, 9. Ðæs seó hringc circulus [pupillæ], Ælfc. Gl. 70; Som. 70, 64; Wrt. Voc. 42, 72. Se hring ealles geáres totius anni circulus, Bd. 4, 18; S. 586, 40. Hring útan ymbbearh the ring [armour formed of rings] protected him without, Beo. Th. 3011; B. 1503: 4513; B. 2260. Sunnan hring beága beorhtast the rainbow [?], Exon. 60 a; Th. 219, 11; Ph. 305, Ðone hálgan hringe beteldaþ flyhte on lyfte contrahit in cætum sese genus omne volantum, 60 b; Th. 221, 24; Ph. 339. Ðonne ðæt gecnáwaþ feónd ðætte fira gehwylc on his hringe biþ fæste geféged when the devil knows that any man is fast fixed in his ring [fetters, chain or circle over which his power extends?], 97 a; Th. 362, 22; Wal. 40. Gim sceal on hringe standan the gem must stand in the ring, Menol. Fox 594; Gn. C. 22. Syllaþ him hring on his hand date anulum in manum ejus, Lk. Skt. 15, 22. Seðe his geleáfan hring mé lét tó wedde. Homl. Swt. 7, 30. Dyde him of healse hring gyldenne doff'd from his neck a golden ring, Beo. Th. 5611; B. 2809. Gewyrc ánne hring ymb ðone slite make a ring round the incision, L. M. 1. 45; Lchdm. i. 112, 1. Ðú geáres hring mid gyfe bletsast benedices coronæ anni benignitatis tuæ, Ps. Th. 64, 12. Ǽr sunne twelf mónþa hringc útan ymbgán hæbbe, Guthl. 21; Gdwin. 96, 5. Ofer holmes hrincg over the ocean's circuit, Cd. 69; Th. 84, 5; Gen. 1393. Hrincg ðæs heán landes, 137; Th. 172, 34; Gen. 2854. Wíngearda hringa[s] corimbi, Ælfc. Gl. 59; Som. 68, 11; Wrt. Voc. 38, 60. Hrægl and hringas raiment and rings, Beo. Th. 2394; B. 1195. Hringa hyrde, 4482; B. 2245: 3018; B. 1507: 4680; B. 2345. Heortan unhneáweste hringa gedáles the heart least niggardly in the giving of rings, Exon. 85 b; Th. 323, 4; Víd. 73. Hæft mid hringa gesponne bound with the linked chain, Cd. 35; Th. 47, 17; Gen. 762: 19; Th. 24, 14; Gen. 377. Hringum gehrodene adorned with rings, Judth. 10; Thw. 21, 27; Jud. 37: Beo. Th. 2187; B. 1091. Hringum gyrded, Exon. 129 b; Th. 497, 22; Rä. 87, 4. Hringan, 102 b; Th. 387, 8; Rä. 5, 2. Hé wolde ðæs beornes beágas gefecgan reáf and hringas, Byrht. Th. 136, 34; By. 161. Hringas dǽlan, Beo. Th. 3944; B. 1970: 6061; B. 3034. Ða nigontýnlícan hringas rihtra Eástrana and hét fordilgian ða gedwolan hringas feówer and hundeahtatig geara circuit Paschæ decennovenales oblitteratis erroneis octoginta et quatuor annorum circulis, Bd. 5, 21; S. 643, 26. [Icel. hringr a ring, ring of a coat of mail, circle; O. H. Ger. hring circulus, orbis, spira, sphæra, bulla, corona, sertum, torques, vinculum, laqueus: Ger. ring.] DER. bán-, bridels-, eág-, eáh-, eár-hring. v. beág.
hring, in the phrase wópes hring occurs four times, in poems by the same author :-- Ðá cwom wópes hring þurh ðæs beornes breóst blát út faran weóll waðuman stream, Andr. Kmbl. 2558; An. 1281. Ðá wæs wópes hring hát heáfodwylm ofer hleór goten nalles for torne teáras feóllon, Elen. Kmbl. 2262; El. 1132. Ðǽr wæs wópes hring torne bitolden wæs seó treówlufu hát æt heortan hreðer innan weóll, Exon. 15 b; Th. 34, 5; Cri. 537. Him ðæs wópes hring torne gemonade teagor ýðum weól háte hleórdropan, 52 a; Th. 182, 21; Gú. 1313. The meaning given by Grein, sonus [cf. hringan], does not seem to suit the context very well, which, as in the second passage, where the phrase appears equivalent to hát heáfodwylm, points to shedding tears as the idea to be conveyed. Grimm explains fletus intensissimus, quasi circulatim erumpens, And. u. El. p. 130, and this seems to give the meaning though the connection with hring is not very evident.
hringan; p. de; v. trans, and intrans. To ring :-- His searo hringeþ his armour rings, Salm. Kmbl. 534; Sal. 266. Byrnan hringdon their byrnies rang, Beo. Th. 660; B. 327. Hí ringden ða belle they rang the bells, Chr. 1131; Erl. 259, 37. Hringe tácn sonet signum, Lye. Yc gef leáua ðam munche tó hringinde hyre týde I give leave to the monks to ring their hours, Chart. Th. 437, 13. [Laym. ringe; p. ringeden: 2nd MS. rongen; R. Glouc. Chauc. Piers P. ringe; p. rong: Icel. hringja.]
hring-bán, es; n. A circular bone, bone in the shape of a ring :-- Hringbán ðæs eágan teuco, Ælfc. Gl. 70; Som. 70. 73; Wrt. Voc. 43. 6.
hring-boga, an; m. A serpent [from its being bent into coils (hring)], Beo. Th. 5115; B. 2561. [Cf. Icel. hring-laginn coiled up; hringa sik to coil (of a serpent).]
hringed; adj. Furnished with rings, formed of rings :-- Hringedu byrne lorica, Cot. 121, Lye: Beo. Th. 2495; B. 1245: 5224; B. 2615. [Icel. hringa to furnish with a ring; and cf. hringa-brynja a coat of ring-mail; O. H. Ger. gi-ringotero hamata (lorica).]
hringed-stefna, an; m. A ship having its stern adorned with spiral or ring-shaped ornaments [?], or furnished with a ring or hook; or having a curved stern, Beo. Th. 64; B. 32: 3799; B. 1898: 2266; B. 1132. [Cf. wunden-stefna; hring-naca; and Icel. hring-horni the mythol. ship of the Edda.]
hring-fáh; adj. Of many colours, diversified with circular spots of colour [?] :-- Hringfégh polimita vel oculata, Ælfc. Gl. 29; Som. 61, 29; Wrt. Voc. 26, 28. Hét wircean him hringfáge tunecan fecit ei tunicam polymitam, Gen. 37, 3. v. hring-wíse.
hring-finger, es; m. The ring-finger, the third finger :-- Hringfinger anularis, Wrt. Voc. 283, 23. Mid þuman and mid hringfingre, L. Med. ex Quadr. 1, 5; Lchdm. i. 330, 21. v. Halliwell Dict. ring-finger.
hringian to surround, encircle. [Icel. hringja: cf. O. H. Ger. gahringjan congyrare.] v. ymb-hringian.
hring-íren, es; n. The iron rings of a coat of mail :-- Gúþbyrne scán heard hand-locen hringíren scír song in searwum the corslet shone, hard, hand-wrought, the bright iron rings rang in their armour, Beo. Th. 650; B. 222.
hring-loca, an; m. A coat of mail formed with rings, Byrht. Th. 136, 2; By. 145.
hring-mǽl; adj. Ornamented with inlaid rings [of a sword], Bec. Th. 3133; B. 1564. [Cf. Icel. mál used of inlaid ornaments, e.g. mála-sax an inlaid sword; and for ring ornaments see Worsaae's Primeval Antiquities, p. 40.]
hring-mǽled; adj. Ornamented with inlaid rings :-- Hringmǽled sweord, Cd. 93; Th. 120, 10; Gen. 1992. v. preceding word.
hring-mere, es; n. A round pool, a bath, Exon. 124 b; Th. 478, 21; Ruin. 45.
hring-naca, an; m. See hringed-stefna, Beo. Th. 2728; B. 1862.
hring-nett, es; n. A net-work of rings, a coat of mail formed of rings :-- Hringnet bǽron locene leoþosyrcan, Beo. Th. 3783; B. 1889. [Cf. Icel. hring-kofl. -serkr, -skyrta a coat of mail; hring-ofinn woven of rings, an epithet applied to such a coat.]
hring-sele; m. A hall in which rings are distributed or stored up, Beo. Th. 4024; B. 2010 [Hrothgar's palace]: 6008; B. 3053 [the cavern where the dragon guarded the treasure]: 5672; B. 2840. v. beág-sel, -sele.
hring-seta circenses ludi, Cot. 43, Lye.
hring-sete circus, Cot. 183, Lye.
hring-sittend circumsedens, spectans, Hpt. Gl. 407.
hring-stede circulare stadium, Lye.
hring-þegu, e; f. Acceptance of rings, of gifts given by a lord :-- Ne biþ him tó hearpan hyge ne tó hringþege. Exon. 82 a; Th. 308, 24; Seef. 44. v. beág-þegu.
hring-weorþung, e; f. Honouring by the gift of a ring :-- Ne mægþ habban on healse hringweorþunge no maiden's neck shall be graced with a ring, Beo. Th. 6027; B. 3017. v. hord-weorþung.
hring-wíse, an; f. In the phrase on hringwísan ring-wise, in rings :-- Hwítes hiowes and eác missenlíces wæs hió on hringwísan fág candido versicolore in modum ranarum, Nar. 16, 1. v. hring-fáh.
hrínung, e; f. Touch; tactus :-- In hríning hlafes intincti panis, Jn. Skt. p. 7, 3. Mið ríning ɫ miððý gehrán tactu, 8, 7.
hrís, es; n. A twig, branch, RISE :-- Hrís frondes, Cot. 93, Lye. [Laym. O. and N. Chauc. ris: v. Halliwell Dict. rise: Icel. hrís; n. shrubs, brushwood: O. H. Ger. hrís ramus, frondes, ramusculus: Ger. reis a twig, rod.]
hríseht; adj. Bushy, bristly; setosus, Cot. 186, Lye.
hrisel, hresl, es; m. [?] A shuttle; radius :-- Hrisl radiolum, Ælfc. Gl. 110; Som. 79, 54; Wrt. Voc. 59, 25: radium, Wrt. Voc. 281, 75. Hresl [hrefl. Wrt.] radius, 66, 12. Hrisil, Exon. 109 a; Th. 417, 20; Rä. 36, 7. v. hrisian, and cf. scytel.
hrisian; p. ede To shake :-- Syrcan hrysedon shook their coats of mail, Beo. Th. 458; B. 226. Hrisedon heáfud moverunt capita, Ps. Surt. 21, 8: 108, 24. [Cf. Hresigende febricitans, Mk. Skt. 1, 30 (later MS.).] Stefn drihtnes hrysiendis wésten vox Domini concutientis desertum, Ps. Spl. T. 28, 7. [Laym. rusien: Ayenb. resie: Chauc. rese: Goth. hrisian: O. Sax. hrisian to shake, tremble: cf. Icel. hrista to shake.] v. á-hrisian.
hristenda [hriscenda?] astridulus, siridulus, Lye. v. hryscan, or next word [?].
hristlan to rustle :-- Hristlend[e] crepens, Lye.
hristlung, e; f. A rustling; crepitus, strepitus. Lye.
hristung, e; f. A quivering, spasmodic action :-- Ceolan hristung and hreóung hlýdende swíðust innan [or should hristlung (v. preceding word) be read?], L. M. 2, 46; Lchdm. ii. 258, 18. Cockayne, who explains as above, compares with Icel. hrista to shake. See also hristenda.
hríð, e; f. A storm, tempest :-- Hríd hreósende the driving storm, Exon. 78 a; Th. 292, 20; Wand. 102. [Icel. hríð; f. a storm, snow-storm.]
hrið, es; m. Fever :-- Fefer ðæt is micel hǽto and hrið [MS. hruð], L. M. 2, 24; Lchdm. ii. 214, 7. [O. H. Ger. rito; m. febris.]
hrið-ádl, e; f. A fever :-- Gif him hriðádl getenge biþ if fever be upon him, L. M. 2, 24; Lchdm. ii. 214, 16.
hríðer, hrýðer, es; n. Horned cattle, ox, cow, heifer :-- Jung hrýðer juniculus [anniculus ?], Ælfc. Gl. 22; Som. 59, 86; Wrt. Voc. 23, 45. Geong hrýðer L. M. 2, 16; Lchdm. ii. 196, 24. Se hláford geáhsode ðæt ðæt hrýðer [cf. fear, 7] geond ðæt wésten férde the master learned that the bull was going through the desert, Blickl. Homl. 199, 9, 11, 14, 19, 26. Ðǽr wǽron gecýpe hrýðeru and scép there were for sale oxen and sheep, Homl. Th. i. 406, 18. Hwílum hý him ráredon on swá hrýðro sometimes they bellowed at him like oxen, Shrn. 141, 10. Gif hrýðera steorfan if cattle are dying, Lchdm. iii. 54, 31. Ðǽron næs orfcynnes nán máre búton vii hruðeru, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iv. 275, 7: Ex. 34, 19. Bige mid ðam ylcan feó swá hwæt swá ðé lícige hrýðera and sceáp emes ex eadem pecunia quidquid tibi placuerit sive ex armentis sive ex ovibus, Deut. 14, 26. Hrýðera and scép, Jos. 6, 21. Næfde hé má ðonne twentig hrýðera and twentig sceápa and twentig swýna, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 18, 14. Hrýðera gehlów the lowing of oxen, Ælfc. Gr. 1; Som. 2, 35. Hine oftorfodon mid bánum and mid hrýðera [hrýðeres, MS. F: neáta, MS. D.] heáfdum they stoned him to death with bones and heads of cattle, Chr. 1012; Erl. 146, 18. Hrýðra fald bucetum, Ælfc. Gl. 1; Som. 55, 23; Wrt. Voc. 15, 22. Of hríðerum de armento, Lev. 1, 3. Of nýtenum ðæt ys of hríðerum and of sceápum de pecoribus id est de bobus et ovibus, 2. [A. R. reoðer: Laym. ruðeren, roðere; pl: R. Glouc. roþeren: O. Frs. hrither, rither, reder: cf. O. H. Ger. hrind armentum, bos: Ger. rind.] v. eald-hríðer.
hríðeren; adj. Of cattle; bovinus :-- Genim hrýðeren flǽsc take ox-flesh, L. M. 2, 7; Lchdm. ii. 186, 18. [Cf. O. H. Ger. rinderin bovinus, bubula (caro).]
hríðer-freóls taurilia, Hpt. Gl. 515.
hríðer-heáwere, es; m. A butcher :-- Hrýðerheáwere bucida, qui boves mactat, Ælfc. Gl. 33; Som. 62, 33; Wrt. Voc. 28, 16.
hríðer-heord, e; f. A herd of cattle :-- Eówre sceáp and eówer hrýðerheorda oves tuæ et amenta tua, Gen. 45, 10.
hriðer-hirde, es; m. A neat-herd, herdsman :-- Amos hátte sum hrýðerhyrde Amos was the name of a certain herdsman, Homl. Th. i. 322, 35. [Cf. O. E. Hom. Amos het a reoðer heorde.]
hriðian; p. ode To shake, quake, have a fever: -- Sió wamb hryt the stomach is fevered, L. M. 2, 25; Lchdm. ii. 216, 20. Hie hriðiaþ they are feverish, 26; Lchdm. ii. 220, 5. Hé hriðode he was sick with a fever, Homl. Th. i. 86, 7. Hriðgende [cf. Lind. cuacende ɫ bifigende] febricitantem, Mt. Kmbl. 8, 14. Hriðigende, Mk. Skt. 1, 30. Hé biþ hriðende he is feverish, L. M. 2, 17; Lchdm. ii. 198, 21. [Cf. O. H. Ger. ridan febricitare.] v. hrisian.
hriðing, e; f. Fever, feverishness :-- Mid hriðingum swíðe strangum with very violent fevers, L. M. 2, 46; Lchdm. ii. 258, 2.
hrið-suht [?], e; f. Fever :-- Hál of ridesohte the fever left her, Mk. Skt. Rush. 1, 31. Perhaps the word is borrowed; cf. Icel. riðu-sótt fever, ague.
HRÓC, es; m. A ROOK, a raven, a jackdaw :-- Hróc gracculus vel garrulus, Ælfc. Gl. 38; Som. 63, 27; Wrt. Voc. 29, 47: 77, 44. Hróc gralus, grallus, 62, 31: 281, 1: garrula, Shrn. 29, 1. Se selþ nýtenum mete and briddum hróca cígendum hine qui dat jumentis escam ipsorum, et pullis corvorum invocantibus eum, Ps. Spl. 146, 10. [O. and N. rok: Prompt. Parv. rook frugella, graculus: O. Du. rouca garula: Icel. hrókr: O. H. Ger. hruoh graculus.]
hroden; pp. of hreóðan Laden, laden with ornaments, ornamented, adorned :-- Brýd beága hroden a bride adorned with rings, Exon. 12 a; Th. 18, 31; Cri. 292. Ðá wæs heal hroden feónda feorum then was the hall burdened with the lives of his foes [filled with the slain], Bec. Th. 2307; B. 1151. Hroden ealowæge the ornamented ale-cup, 995; B. 495: 2048; 1022. [Cf. Icel. hroðian in hroðit sigli.] v. beág-, ge-, gold-, sinc-hroden; on-hreóðan.
HRÓF, es; m. A ROOF, the top, summit, highest part [cf. Tennyson's 'Why should we only toil the roof and crown of things?'] :-- Góma vel hróf ðæs múþes palatum vel uranon, Ælfc. Gl. 71; Som. 70, 106; Wrt. Voc. 43, 35. Hróf camara, 290, 2. Se hróf hæfde mislíce heáhnysse the roof was not all of one height, Homl. Th. i. 508, 18. Ðæt héhste gód is hróf eallra óðra góda the chief good is the roof and crown of all other goods, Bt. 34, 7; Fox 142, 35. Wið ðæs heán hrófes ðæs héhstan andgites in summæ intelligentiæ cacumen, 41, 5; Fox 254, 16. Under fæstenne folca hrófes under the firmament, Cd. 8; Th. 10, 8; Gen. 153. Mec feredon under hrófes hleó bore me under the shelter of the sky, Exon. 107 b; Th. 409, 22; Rä. 28, 5. Martinus ástáh on ðam sticelan hrófe, Homl. Th. ii. 510, 7. Ðe ne beóþ tó ðam hrófe ðonne git cumen fulfremedra mægena nondum ad extremam manum virtutum perfectione perductas, Bt. 18, 1; Fox 60, 22. From hróf eardes a summo terræ, Mk. Skt. Lind. 13, 27. On hrófe gestód heán landes he stopped on the summit of the mount, Cd. 140; Th. 175, 20; Gen. 2898. Of hé[um] heofnes hrófe ex summa cæli arce, Rtl. 101, 24. Hé gescóp eorþan bearnum heofon tó [h]rófe qui filiis hominum cælum pro culmine tecti creavit, Bd. 4, 24; S. 597, 22. Ðenden hé on ðysse worulde wunode under wolcna hrófe, Judth. 10; Thw. 22, 19; Jud. 67: Elen. Kmbl. 178; El. 89: Cd. 158; Th. 196, 28; Exod. 298. Ðæt wé to ðam hýhstan hrófe gestígan that we may mount to heaven, Exon. 18 b; Th. 47, 3; Cri. 749. Ðe ðæs húses hróf staðeliaþ qui ædificant domum, Ps. Th. 126, 1. Gif hwylc wíf seteþ hire bearn ofer hróf si mulier aliqua infantem suam super tectum posuerit, L. Ecg. C. 33; Th. ii. 156, 45. Ofer heánne hróf, Beo. Th. 1970; B. 983: 1857; B. 926: 1677; B. 836. Under beorges hróf in the cave, 5504; B. 2755. Ðá gewát se engel up on heánne hróf heofona ríces, Cd. 196; Th. 244, 2; Dan. 442. Fiðru mid ðǽm ic fleógan mæg ofer heáne hróf heofones ðisses pennæ quæ celsa conscendant poli, Bt. Met. Fox 24, 5; Met. 24, 3: Cd. 46; Th. 58, 34; Gen. 956. Ofer wealles hróf super muros, Ps. Th. 54, 9: Exon. 108 a; Th. 412, 1; Rä. 30, 7. Hylles hróf, 104 b; Th. 397, 30; Rä. 16, 27. Helmes hróf, Beo. Th. 2064; B. 1030. Under wætera hrófas [of passing through the Red Sea], Cd. 170; Th. 214, 18; Exod. 571. Bodiaþ uppan hrófum prædicate super tecta, Mt. Kmbl. 10, 27. [Laym. róf: Orm. rhof: O. Frs. hróf: Icel. hróf a shed under which ships are built or kept.] DER. heofon-, inwit-hróf.
Hrofes-, Hrofe-ceaster, e; f. Rochester, Chr. 741; Erl. 46, 31: 885; Erl. 82, 20. Tó Hrofeceastre in civitate quam gens Anglorum a pri- mario quondam illius gui dicebatur Hrof, Hrofæs cæstræ cognominat, Bd. 2, 3; S. 504, 25.
hróf-fæst; adj. Having the roof firmly fixed :-- Healle hróffæste, Bt. Met. Fox 7, 11; Met. 7, 6.
hróf-sele, es; m. A hall having a roof :-- Nǽnig wæter him for hrófsele hrínan ne mihte no water could touch him for the roofed hall, Beo. Th. 3034; B. 1515.
hróf-stán, es; m. A roof-stone, stone forming part of a roof :-- Of ðám hrófstáne, Homl. Th. i. 508, 33. [Cf. hróf-tigel: Mod. E. roof-tree.]
hróf-tigel, e; f. A tile for roofing :-- Hróftigla tegulæ, imbrices, lateres vel laterculi, Ælfc. Gl. 58; Som. 67, 92; Wrt. Voc. 38, 18.
hróf-timber, es; n. Material for roofing, imbrex, Hpt. Gl. 459.
hróf-wyrhta, an; m. A workman who works at roofs, a builder :-- Hrófwyrhta sarcitector vel tignarius, Ælfc. Gl. 9; Som. 56, 125; Wrt. Voc. 19, 8.
hromese acitula, Cot. 206. v. hramsan.
hron, hrond-. v. hran, hrand-.
hróp, es; m. Crying, clamour, outcry :-- Ðǽr biþ á wóp and hróp there shall be ever weeping and wailing, Blickl. Homl. 185, 7. [Laym. rop: Scot. roup an outcry, a sale by auction; cf. Goth. hrópei clamor: Icel. hróp; n. scurrility, crying: O. H. Ger. hruof; m. clamor: Ger. ruf.]
hrópan; p. hreóp To cry out, clamour, make a noise, shout, scream :-- Hreópon friccan the heralds shouted, Andr. Kmbl. 2314; An. 1158: Elen. Kmbl. 108: 1097; El. 550. Hreópon mearcweardas the warders of the border [the wolves] clamoured, Cd. 151; Th. 188, 14; Exod. 168. On hwǽl hreopon [MS. hwreopon] herefugolas the birds of war wheeled about screaming, 150; Th. 188, 1; Exod. 161. Wóp áhófun hreópun hwílum wédende swá wilde deór. Exon. 46 a; Th. 156, 21; Gú. 878. Hrefnes briddum ðonne heó hrópende him cígeaþ tó pullis corvorum invocantibus eum, Ps. Th. 146, 10. [A. R. ropeð, prs: Scot. roup to cry, shout; to sell by auction: Goth. hrópjan; p. hrópida to cry out: O. Sax. hrópan; p. hreóp: O. Frs. hrópa; p. róp and rópte: Icel. hrópa; p. hrópaði to slander; to call aloud: O. H. Ger. hruofan; p. hriof: hruofian; p. hruofta (Grff. iv. 1135) clamare; Ger. rufen; p. rief.]
hrór; adj. Stirring, active, agile, nimble, vigorous, stout, strong :-- Hrór hægstealdmon a stout fellow, Exon. 113 b; Th. 436, 18; Rä. 55, 3. Sǽde ðæt his byrne ábrocen wǽre heresceorpum hrór [heresceorp unhrór, Th.] said that his byrnie was broken, strong [though it was] as armour, Fins. Th. 90; Fin. 45. Ðá Israélas ǽhte gesǽtan hróres folces et habitavit in tabernaculis eorum tribus Israel, Ps. Th. 77, 56. Swá seó stræle byþ strangum and mihtigum hrórum on handa sicut sagittæ in manu potentis, 126, 5. Dá wæs of ðæm hróran [Beowulf] helm and byrne lungre álýsde, Beo. Th. 3262; B. 1629. Drihten his heáhsetl hrór timbrade Dominus paravit sedem suam, Ps. Th. 102, 18: 88, 26. Geseoh hróre meaht hysse ðinum da potestatem tuam puero tuo, 85, 15. Hróre stence with strong perfume, 132, 2. Ðæt hé folc gesceóp fægere Drihten heraþ holdlíce hróre geþance populus gui creabitur laudabit Dominum, 101, 16. Nǽnig móste heora hrórra hrím æpla gedígean occidit moros eorum in pruina, 77, 47, Hrórum neátum oððe unhrórum mobilibus belluis aut immobilibus animantibus, Bt. 41, 5; Fox 254, 14. [O. Sax. hrór: cf. O. H. Ger. ga-hrórig, viridis, floridus, florens: Ger. rührig: cf. also Prompt. Parv. rooryñ or ruffelyñ amonge dyuerse thyngys manumitto; and the epithet roaring as applied in the Elizabethan times to bullies, v. Nares' Gloss. s.v.] v. fela-, un-hrór; and hréran.
hroren-líc; adj. Ready to fall; ruiturus. Som.
hróst, es; m. A wooden framework [of a roof], a ROOST :-- Hróst petaurum; henna hróst gallinarium, Lye. [Scot. roost the inner roof of a cottage, composed of spars reaching from the one wall to the other: cf. O. Sax. he (Christ) ina kuman gisah thurh thes huses hrost (of the man who was let down through the roof): O. Du. roest craticula, gallinarium; Ger. rost 'craticula focaria, clathrum, fundamentum ædificii in cratis modum positum, clathrum galeæ,' Grem: v. Grff. ii. 552, róst; m. craticula, arula, sartago, catasta.]
hróst-beág [?] the woodwork of a circular roof :-- Tigelum sceádeþ hróstbeáges hróf [MS. hrost beages rof] the woodwork of the roof parts from the tiles, the tiles fall off leaving the woodwork of the roof bare, Exon. 124 a; Th. 477, 29; Ruin. 32.
hrot, es; n. Thick fluid, scum, mucus :-- Gewyrc ðé lǽcedóm ðus of ecede and of hunige, genim ðæt séleste hunig dó ofer heorþ áseóþ ðæt weax and ðæt hrot of make yourself a medicine thus of vinegar and honey; take the best honey, put it over the fire, seethe [strain?] off the wax and the scum, L. M. 2, 28; Lchdm. ii. 224, 17. [O. H. Ger. hroz, roz mucca, mucus, vomen, phlegma, reuma; Ger. rotz.]
Hróð.- in proper names, e.g. Hróð-gár, -mund, -wulf. [Cf. hréð, hréðig.]
hroð- [or roð?]-hund, es; m. Inutilis canis, Ælfc. Gl. 21; Som. 59, 77; Wrt. Voc. 23, 36. v. roð-hund.
hróðor, es; m. Solace, comfort, benefit, pleasure :-- Ic ðé Andreas onsende tó hleó and tó hróðre I will send Andrew to you to protect and comfort you, Andr. Kmbl. 221; An. 111: 1133; An. 567. His sunu hangaþ hrefne tó hróðre his son hangs a solace for the raven, Beo. Th. 4887; B. 2448: Apstls. Kmbl. 190; Ap. 95. Ðú ðe cwóme heánum tó hróðre thou (Christ) who hast come for a comfort to the humble, Exon. 13 b; Th. 26, 7; Cri. 414. Feóndum tó hróðor to the delight of thy foes, 17 a; Th. 39, 16; Cri. 623. Hungrum tó hróðor [cf. Soul Kmbl. 224, hungregum tó frófre], 99 b; Th. 373, 27; Seel. 116: 71 b; Th. 267, 17; Jul. 416. Tó hleó and tó hróðer, 25 a; Th. 73, 29; Cri. 1197: Elen. Kmbl. 32; El. 16: 2317; El. 1160. Forðon ðé hróðra oftíhþ gréne folde therefore shall the green earth withdraw from thee her delights [fruits], Cd. 48; Th. 62, 21; Gen. 1017. Gehwæðer óðrum hróðra gemyndig each to other was mindful of benefits, Beo. Th. 4349; B. 2171. Wérigmód heán hróðra leás wearied, humbled, comfortless, Andr. Kmbl. 2733; An. 1369. Heánmód hróðra bidǽled, Exon. 71 a; Th. 265, 33; Jul. 390. v. hréð.
hrúm, es; m. Soot; -- Hrúm cacobatus, Wrt. Voc. 291, 24. Micelne sigelhearwan ðæm wæs seó onsýn sweartre ðonne hrúm a great Ethiopian with a face blacker than soot, Shrn. 120, 24. v. cetel-hrúm; hrýme.
hrúmig; adj. Sooty; fuliginosus. Cot. 31, Lye. v. be-hrúmig.
hrung, e; f. A rung, staff, rod, beam, pole; -- Ongunnon stígan on wægn weras and hyra wicg somod hlódan under hrunge ðá ða hors óðbær wægn tó lande the men mounted the wain and their steeds with them, they stowed them under the rung, [the pole that supported the covering?]; then the wain bore the horses to land, Exon. 106 a; Th. 404, 19; Rä. 23, 10. [Chauc. Piers P. rong (of a ladder): Goth. hrugga a staff: cf. Icel. Hrungnir name of a giant, v. Grmm. D. M. 494: Ger. runge a pin, bolt.] v. scil-hrung.
hruse, an; f. The earth, ground :-- Beofaþ middangeard hruse under hæleþum the world shall tremble, the earth under men, Exon. 20 b; Th. 55, 13; Cri. 883: Beo. Th. 5110; B. 2558. Ðǽr mé siteþ hruse on hrycge there the earth presses on my back, Exon. 101 b; Th. 383, 5; Rä. 4, 6. Ic goldwine mínne hrusan heolstre biwráh I buried my lord, 76 b; Th. 287, 32; Wand. 23. Ligeþ him behindan hefig hrusan dǽl there remains behind the heavy earthy part, Bt. Met. Fox 29, 107; Met. 29, 53. Ne gelýfdon ðætte líffruma in monnes hiw from hrusan áhafen wurde did not believe that the author of life had been raised from the ground in the form of a man, Exon. 17 b; Th. 41, 19; Cri. 658. Ne hreósaþ hí tó hrusan non est ruina maceriæ, Ps. Th. 143, 18. Under hrusan under ground, Beo. Th. 4813; B. 2411: Elen. Kmbl. 435; El. 218. Wæs hungor ofer hrusan there was a famine upon the earth, Chr. 975; Erl. 126, 29; Edg. 55. Hreás on hrusan nalles æfter lyfte lácende hwearf, Beo. Th. 5654; B. 2831. Heofonas ðú wealdest hrusan swylce tui sunt cæli et tua est terra, Ps. Th. 88, 10: 120, 2: 133, 4. Under eorþan befeolan hinder under hrusan, Exon. 9l a; Th. 340, 24; Gn. Ex. 116. For ansýne écean Drihtnes heofonas droppetaþ hrusan forhtiaþ terra motu est; etenim cæli distillaverunt a facie Dei, Ps. Th. 67, 9. Heofenas blissiaþ hrusan swylce gefeóþ lætentur cæli et exultet terra, 95, 11. Hyllas and hrusan and heá beorgas ðec wurðiaþ. Cd. 192; Th. 240, 7; Dan. 383. [Grimm D. M. p. 230 says 'mit crusta wird das ags. hruse genau verwandt sein.']
hrut or hrút balidus, Cot. 28, Lye. Ettmüller suggests balidus = balans animal, and compares Icel. hrútr a ram: Ducange has the following 'balidus fortasse pro validus, ad coitum aptus.' See hryte.
hrútan; p. hreát, pl. hruton To make a noise, to snore; stridere, stertere :-- Ic hrúte sterto, Ælfc. Gr. 28, 3; Som. 30, 64. Ne æt mé hrutende hrisil scríðeþ nor does the shuttle come whizzing at me, Exon. 109 a; Th. 417, 19; Rä. 36, 7. [Prompt. Parv. rowtyn, yn slepe sterto: Chauc. route to snore, roar, 'the wynde so londe kan to route:' Wick. routeþ stertit: Piers P. rutte snored: E. D. S. Reprint. Gloss. B. 15, rute to cry fiercely; rowt, rawt to low like an ox or cow: Icel. hrjóta (older rjóta) to snore: O. H. Ger. riuzan; p. róz, pl. ruzun flere, plangere, stridere: cf. also ruzian, ruzon stertere; ruzonti stridulus, stridens, Grff. ii. 562.] v. reótan.
hruð, hruðer. v. hrið, hríðer.
hruxl a noise; strepitus, Som. v. hryscan, ge-hruxl.
hrycce. v. corn-hrycce. super adscensurum in equum dorso adtolleret, Ors. 6, 24; Swt. 274, 24. Ðonne went hé his hrycg tó him jam terga in ejus faciem mittit, Past. 52, 4; Swt. 407, 8: Lchdm. iii. 242, 13. Of hry[g]um de spinis, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 7, 16. Hrygas spinæ, 13, 7. II. a ridge, rigg [of barley, etc; see Halliw. Dict. rig], high line of continuous hills, an elevated surface :-- Anlang hrycges tó ðære eorþburh along the ridge to the earthen fort, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 411, 21. Eal bútan ánan hrycge, 19, 4. West ðonan on ðone hrycg, 416, 17. Ofer ðæs temples hricg supra pinnam templi, Lk. Skt. 4, 9. Com ic on sǽs hricg veni in altitudinem maris, Ps. Th. 68, 2. Ofer sǽs hrygc, Lchdm. iii. 34, 16. Sende ic ofer wæteres hrycg ealde mádmas I sent across the water old treasures, Beo. Th. 947; B. 471. On wæteres hricg, Salm. Kmbl. 38; Sal. 19. Ǽr ðon wé tó londe geliden hæfdon ofer breóne hrycg ere to land we came across the rough sea, Exon. 20 b; Th. 53, 31; Cri. 859. Rídan ýða hrycgum to ride on the crests of the waves, 101 b; Th. 384, 25; Rä. 4, 33. [Laym. rugge: A. R. rug: Ayenb. reg: Havel. rig: Piers P. rugge: Prompt. Parv. rygge, of a lond porca: Icel. hryggr back, spine; a ridge: Dan. rug: O. H. Ger. hrucki dorsum, tergum: Ger. rücken.] v. stán-, sund-hrycg. The word under the forms rig, ridge may be found in many compounds among various dialects. See E. D. S. Reprinted Glossaries, Halliwell's Dictionary, and Jamieson's Scottish Dictionary.
hrycg-bán, es; n. Back-bone, spine :-- Hrygcbán spina, Ps. Lamb. 31, 4. [Rygboon, v. Halliw. Dict. under rig: Prompt. Parv. ryggebone of bakke (rigbone or bakbone) spina, spondile: Dan. ryg-ben backbone, spine: O. H. Ger. hrucki-beini spina.]
hrycg-brædan [-brǽdan?]; pl. The parts of the back which stand out on the right and left side :-- Smyre ábútan ðane swyran and ábútan ða hrigbræde smear the neck and on either side of the spine, Lchdm. iii. 118, 24. [Cf. lenden-brædena (gen. pl.) and O. H. Ger. ruggi-bratun palæ, sunt dorsi leva dextraque eminentia membra, v. Grff. iii. 284-5, where see the remark under brat as to the vowel.]
hrycg-hǽr, es; n. Hair on the back of an animal :-- Gif ðú hafast mid ðé wulfes hrycghǽr and tæglhǽr ða ýtemestan on síðfæte bútan fyrhtu ðú ðone síð gefremest ac se wulf sorgaþ ymbe his síð if you have with you on a journey hairs from a wolf's back and from the tip of its tail, without fear you will perform the journey; but the wolf will have trouble about his journey, L. Med. ex Quadr. 9, 3; Lchdm. i. 360, 20.
hrycg-hrægel, es; n. A dorsal, mantle :-- Ic geann ánes hricghrægles ðæs sélestan ðe ic hæbbe I give one dorsal the best that I have, Chart. Th. 529, 10, where Thorpe appends this note in explanation of the word, '"manteau très riche d'ornemens, qui n'étoit porté que par les gens de haute condition." Roquefort, voce Dossal. A dorsal is also a wall-hanging of tapestry, used chiefly in the church at the back of the stalls.' vii setlhrægel and iii ricghrægel and ii wahræft, 429, 28.
hrycg-mearh the spinal marrow. [Dan. ryg-marv spinal marrow.] v. next word.
hrycgmearh-liþ, es; n. The spine :-- Hrygmergliþ spina, Wrt. Voc. 283, 46.
hrycg-ribb, es; n. A rib :-- Hricgrib spondilia, Wrt. Voc. 65, 22. Hrycrib, 283, 49.
hrycg-rible, -riple the parts of the back which stand out on the right and left side :-- Ricgrible pale, Wrt. Voc. 65, 20. Hrycriple palæ, 283, 45. v. hrycg-brædan.
hrycg-teúng, e; f. A spasm in ihe lower part of the back :-- Hrigteúng vel hrifwirc yleos, Ælfc. Gr. 10; Som. 57, 16; Wrt. Voc. 19, 24.
hrycg-weg, es; m, A road running along a ridge or elevated piece of ground :-- On ðone beorh tó ðem ricgwege ðonne eást andlang hricgweges on to the hill to the road that runs along it, and then east along the road, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 427, 33.
hrycigan to plough into ridges; resulcare. Gl. Prud. 716.
hryding, e; f. A clearing, a patch of cleared land :-- Hryding subcisiva, Ælfc. Gl. 57; Som. 67, 71; Wrt. Voc. 37, 57. [Cf. O. E. Homl. þe schal ruden þine wei qui præparabit viam tuam: E. D. S. Cumberland Gloss. rid, rud to uproot trees or hedges. 'The frequent names of Ridding and Rudding applied to houses and fields have doubtless originated from this:' Icel. [h]ryðja to clear land, a road, etc.]
hrýfing, e; f. Roughness, scab, crust of a healing wound :-- Smire mid hunige ðæt ðý ðé raþor sió hrýfing of fealle, L. M. 1, 35; Lchdm. ii. 86, 4.
hrygile-búc, es; m. [?] Of ðam æscene ðe is óðre namon hrygilebúc gecleopad. Chart. Th. 439, 26. [Cf. ridgil-back a back having a rise or ridge in the middle, Halliwell's Dict. According to this the word might mean 'having a prominent belly' and refer to the shape of the vessel.]
hrýman, hréman; p. de To call, cry out, to cry out [with exultation or in lamentation, complaint], boast, exult, lament, murmur :-- Ne hé ne hrýmþ neque clamabit, Mt. Kmbl. 12, 19. Wé biddaþ ɫ wé hrémaþ imploramus, Rtl. 121, i. Forhuon gie hrémas quid ploratis, Mk. Skt. Lind. 5, 39. Ða hrýmaþ tó hyra efengelícon clamantes coæqualibus, Mt. Kmbl. 11, 16. Hig hrýmaþ tó mé and ic gehíre hira hreám vociferabuntur ad me et ego audiam clamorem eorum, Ex. 22, 23. Ðá hrýmde heó tó hire híwun ... ðá hé gehírde ðæt ic hrímde vocavit mulier ad se homines domus suæ ... cum ego succlamassem et audisset vocem meam, Gen. 39, 14, 15. Ðá hrýmde sum wód man and cwæþ, Homl. Th. i. 458, 2. Se cǽsere wédde and hrýmde dæges and nihtes the emperor raved day and night, Shrn. 139, 6. Ne ðý hraðor hrémde nor the more vaunted, Cd. 212; Th. 263, 2; Dan. 756. Israhéla bearn hrímdon and ongeán Moisen micclum ceorodon the children of Israel murmured against Moses, Num. 13, 31. Gaas ðætte hréme vadit ut ploret, Jn. Skt. Lind. 11, 31. Gif feorrancumen man oððe fræmde búton wege gange and hé ðonne náwðer ne hrýme ne he horn ne bláwe if a man from a distance or a stranger go off the high road and then neither call out nor blow a horn, L. Wih. 28; Th. i. 42, 24, Ðá ongunnon ða hrýman ðe þurh ðæs dracan blǽde áléfode wǽron, Homl. Th. ii. 294, 30. Wé sceolon hrýman swiðor and swíðor tó ðam Hǽlende, i. 156, 22. Ðá begann hé tó hrýmenne and cwæþ, 152, 15. Mid fleáme com on his cyþþe Constontinus hréman ne þorfte by flight Constantine got home, had little cause to boast, Chr. 937; Erl. 114, 5; Æðelst. 39. Hrémende ululatus, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 2, 18: plorantem, Jn. Skt. Lind. 11, 33. Mid micelre stemne hrýmende crying with a loud voice, Homl. Th. i. 46. 33. [Laym. A. R. remen: Halliw. Dict. reem, reme.] v. hreám, hrémig.
hrýme soot; fuligo. Cot. 83, Lye. v. hrúm.
hryre, es; m. Fall, downfall, ruin, destruction, perdition, decay, decline, death :-- Hryre casus, Ælfc. Gr. 11; Som. 15, 10: ruina, Ps. Spl. 105, 28. His hryre wæs micel fuit ruina ejus magna, Mt. Kmbl. 7, 27. Hægles hryre fall of hail, Exon. 56 a; Th. 198, 26; Ph. 16. Ðæt ðæs folces sceolde micel hryre beón that there should be a great destruction among the Romans, Ors. 4, 1; Bos. 77, 45. Líces hryre the fall of the body [death], Exon. 48 b; Th. 167, 26; Gú. 1066: 65 a; Th. 240, 27; Ph. 645: Andr. Kmbl. 457; An. 229. Ðǽr him næs ne lífes lyre ne líces hryre there was for him [Adam] no loss of life, no bodily decay, Exon. 44 b; Th. 151, 27; Gú. 801. Yfle preóstas bióþ folces hryre laqueus ruinæ populi mei sacerdotes mali, Past. 2, 1; Swt. 31, 9. Ðætte hie ðone spild ðæs hryres him ondrǽden ut præcipitem ruinam metuant, 52, 5; Swt. 407, 21. Gif wé æfter ðæm hryre úrre scylda tó him gecierdon nobis post lapsum redeuntibus, 52, 3; Swt. 405, 16, Betwux ðæra stána hryre betǽhte hé his fýnd Gode whilst the stones were falling he commended his foes to God, Homl. Th. i. 50, 23. Ðis cild is gesett manegum mannum tó hryre positus est in ruinam multorum, 144, 18: Bt. Met. Fox 9, 8; Met. 9, 4. Ða twá forman gesceapennyssa feóllon on hryre and seó þridde wæs on hryre ácenned, Homl. Th. ii. 8, 31. Ne fægnode ic on mínes feóndes hryre, 448, 22. On myclum hryre seó heord wearþ on sǽ besceofen magno impetu grex præcipitatus est in mare, Mk. Skt. 5, 13. Ðone hryre ðe se feallenda deófol on engla werode gewanode the loss which the falling devil had caused in the host of angels, Homl. Th. i. 32, 23, 28. Hordwearda hryre, Cd. 169; Th. 210, 6; Exod. 511: Exon. 76 b; Th. 287, 1; Wand. 7. Ne timbreþ hé nó healle ac hryre non habitaculum sed ruina fabricatur, Past. 49, 3; Swt. 383, 33. Mid gelómlǽcendum hryrum by frequent destructions, Homl. Th. i. 578, 34. Hé gefylde hryras implebit ruinas, Ps. Spl. 109, 7. Hwilce hryras quantas ruinas, Bt. 16, 4; Fox 58, i. v. leód-, líc-, wíg-hryre; and cf. dryre.
hryre; adj. [?] Falling, decaying, perishing :-- Sóðlíce mid ðisum wordum is geswutelod ðæt ðises middangeardes wæstm is hryre. Tó ðam hé wext ðæt hé fealle verily by these words is manifested that the fruit of this world is decaying [or a ruin (?) v. preceding word]. It grows that it may fall, Homl. Th. i. 614, 8. [Cf. for a similar relation in form between adj. and verb O. Sax. luggi; adj. and liogan.]
hrýred-ness, hrýre-mús, hrýre-ness. v. hréred-ness, hrére-mus, hrér-ness.
hryscan to make a noise :-- Hriscan stridere, Hpt. Gl. 494. Hristenda [hriscende?] astridulus, stridulus, Lye. v. hruxl.
hrýtan; p. te To scatter :-- Se ðe hrét qui sternit, Prov. 10, Lye. [Icel. hreyta to spread, scatter.]
hryte or hrýte; adj. Balidinus, Ælfc. Gl. 79; Som. 72, 94; Wrt. Voc. 46, 41. The word occurs in a list of names of colours, but the meaning is uncertain. Ducange has 'balidinus forte legendum badius vel balius nostris bay, bayard.' v. hrut.
hryðig; adj. Dismantled? [cf. Icel. hrjóða to strip, clear] or tottering? [cf. hriðian], Exon. 77 b; Th. 291, 5; Wand. 77.
hrýw-líc, hrýwsian. v. hreów-líc, hreówsian.
HÚ; adv. How. I. in direct questions :-- Hú mæg man ingán on stranges hús quomodo potest quisquam intrare in domum fortis? Mt. Kmbl. 12, 29: 34. Hú ne synt gé sélran ðonne hig nonne vos magis plures estis illis? 6, 26: 25. Hú sculon wit nú libban how are we to live? Cd. 38; Th. 50, 7; Gen. 805. II. in exclamations [see also I] :-- Hú la! ne gewearþ unc tó ánum peninge how now! was not our agreement for a penny? Th. An. 74, 20. Hú gód is éce God quam bonus Deus, Ps. Th. 72, 1. Eálá gǽsta god hú ðú mid noman ryhte nemned wǽre emmanuhel oh! God of spirits, how rightly wast thou named by the name of Emmanuel! Exon. 9 b; Th. 9, 6; Cri. 130: 11 a; Th. 14, 8; Cri. 216. Eálá on hú grimmum and on hú grundleásum seáðe swinceþ ðæt sweorcende mód, Bt. Met. Fox 3, 1, 2; Met. 3, 1. III. in dependent clauses with indic. or subjunct :-- Nú wundraþ gehwá hú se deófol dorste geneálǽcan tó ðam Hǽlende now every one will wonder how the devil durst come near Jesus, Homl. Th. i. 166, 32. Wé gehírdon hú gé ofslógon twegen cynegas Seon and Og audivimus quod interfecistis Sehon et Og, Jos. 2, 10. Hí gehýrdon hú seó hálige spræc. Judth. 11; Thw. 23, 37; Jud. 160. Wé gesáwon hú hé wæs on heofenas ástígende, Nicod. 18; Thw. 8, 39. Ús secgaþ béc hú ástág in middangeard bearn godes, Exon. 19 a; Th. 49, 15; Cri. 786. Ðá angan Thomas his spǽce hú hé com tó Cantuuarebyri and hú se arcebiscop áxode hýrsumnesse at him then Thomas began his speech, how he had come to Canterbury, and how the archbishop had demanded obedience from him, Chr. 1070; Erl. 208, 14. Ðá áxode se cásere ðone ǽnne preóst hú his nama wǽre oððe hú gefyrn hé gelýfde, Homl. Th. ii. 310, 15. Ðá wearþ ðæt mǽden hohful hú heó ǽfre wæras wissian sceolde, Blickl. Swt. 2, 122. Gefada embe hú ðú wylle dispose of it how thou wilt, 3, 285. Hycgaþ his ealle hú gé hí beswícen consider of it all, how ye may entrap them, Cd. 22; Th. 28, 9; Gen. 433. Ábídan sceal miclan dómes hú him metod scrífan wille must abide the great doom, how the Lord will adjudge to him, Beo. Th. 1962; B. 979. IV. with a comparative [cf. þý, swá] :-- Lufade hine lenge hú geornor, Exon. 34 b; Th. 110, 18; Gú. 109. V. qualifying, or in combination with, other words :-- Hú mycel scealt ðú quantum debes? Lk. Skt. 16, 5. Hú mycel gód is on gehyrsumnesse and hú mycel yfel on ungehyrsumnysse. Boutr. Scrd. 19, 26. On ðyssere dǽde is geswutelod hú micclum fremige ðære sóðan lufe gebed. Homl. Th. i. 50, 35. Hú micele swíðor how much more? 68, 24. On hú manegum wísum is Godes weorc? Boutr. Scrd. 18, 14. Hú fela se hǽlend him dyde quanta sibi fecisset ihesus, Mk. Skt. 5, 20. Hú fela sagena hig ongén ðé secgeaþ quanta adversum te dicant testimonia, Mt. Kmbl. 27, 13. Hú lange forbere ic eów usque quo patiar vos? 17, 17. Hú long tíd quantum temporis, Mk. Skt. 9, 21. Be gebróðrum hú gesibbe wíf hig habban móton de fratribus quam prope cognatas uxores habere possint, L. Ecg. C; Th. ii. 130, 8: 13. Hú héh and deóp hell seó, Cd. 228; Th. 309, 9; Sat. 707. Witan hú ðú æðele eart, Hy. 3, 14; Hy. Grn: ii. 281, 14. Mé com swíðe oft on gemynd hú gesǽliglíce tída wǽron giond Angelcynn it has often come into my mind what happy times there were in England, Past. Pref. Swt. 3, 4. Ðæt se láreów ðe him tela tǽce him sylf elles hú dó that the teacher who teaches him well, himself act otherwise, L. E. I. 21; Th. ii. 418, 4. Ne meg nú hú ælles beón it cannot be otherwise, Shrn. 195, 7. Hú geáres according to the time of year, L. M. 2, 34; Lchdm. ii. 238, 22. Swá hú swá hit gewurde however it may have happened, Homl. Th. i. 588, 29. Hí habbaþ æt Gode swá hú swá hí geearniaþ they will have from God, in accordance with whatever they merit, ii. 326, 30. [Laym. Orm. hu: A. R. hwu, hu: Ayenb. hou: Goth. hwé: O. Frs. hu, ho: O. Sax. hwó: O. H. Ger. hweó, v. Grff. iv. 1193: Ger. wie.] v. ge-hú; hú-meta, -hwega.
húdenian in the following passage :-- Húdenige ǽrest hine selfne, óþ hé wacige and áhrisige siððan óðre tó geornfulnesse gódra weorca prius se per sublimia facta excutiant, et tunc ad bene vivendum alios sollicitos reddant, Past. 64; Swt. 461, 16. [Sweet, in the note on this passage, suggests that the word may he from the same root as quatio, adding that Prof. Skeat compares the Scotch houd to shake. May not the word however be used from a misconception of the Latin word, by which excutere is considered as connected with cutis = hýd?]
húf, es; m. Part of the mouth or upper part of the throat, a tumour affecting that part :-- Húf sublinguium, Ælfc. Gl. 71; Som. 70, 98; Wrt. Voc. 43, 28. Ad ufam. Des lǽcecræft deáh wyð ðone húf ad uvam. This medicine is good for tumour on the epiglottis, Lchdm. iii. 106, 6. Of ðan úve droppaþ uppan ða tunga, 138, 28.
húf, es; m. A horned owl; bubo. Wrt. Voc. 63, 19. [The word occurs both in English and O. H. Ger. with and without initial h, húf, úf; húvo, úvo bubo.] v. úf.
húfe, an; f. A covering for the head :-- Húfe cidaris vel mitra, Ælfc. Gl. 64; Som. 69, 11; Wrt. Vcc. 40, 45. Biscopes húf flammeolum vel flammeum, 112; Som. 79, 88; Wrt. Voc. 59, 55. Húfan hættes mitræ, Lye. [Chauc. Piers P. houve: Prompt. Parv. howe, heed hyllynge tena, capedulum, sidaris; and see the note, p. 249: Scot. how a coif, hood: Icel. húfa a hood, cap, bonnet: O. H. Ger. húba mitra, thyara: Ger. haube.]
húfian; p. ode To put on a hufe :-- Hé his suna húfode swá drihten bebeád he put bonnets upon them, as the Lord commanded; imposuit mitras ut jusserat dominus, Lev. 8, 13.
Hugas; n. pl. The name of a people in the neighbourhood of West Friesland, Beo. Th. 4998; B. 2502: 5820; B. 2914.
hú-hwega, -hugu; adv. About, somewhere about :-- Húhugu ymb ða teóþan tíd dæges hora circiter decima diei, Bd. 3, 27; S. 558, 12. Húhugu syx hund hída familiarum circiter sexcentarum, 4, 19; S. 590, 3. Húhwega ymb iii niht somewhere about three days, L. M. 2, 59; Lchdm. ii. 280, 16. Húhwego fíf hund manna, Blickl. Homl. 201, 14.
hú-ilpa, an; m. The name of a bird so called from its note [cf. Ger. uhu owl] ? -- Dyde ic mé tó gomene ganetes hleóþor and huilpan swég, Exon. 81 b; Th. 307, 9; Seef. 21.
hulc, es; m. [?] A light ship, a hulk [but in later times the word is applied to a heavy ship of clumsy make]; liburna, Ælfc. Gl. 103; Som. 77, 102; Wrt. Voc. 56, 23. Si adveniat ceol vel hulcus, L. Eth. iv. 2; Th. i. 300, 9. [Prompt. Parv. hulke, shyppe hulcus, and see the note, p. 252: O. Du. hulke navis oneraria: O. H. Ger. holcho actuaria navis.]
hulc, es; m. A hut, hovel, cabin :-- Hulc tugurium, Ælfc. Gr. 8; Som. 7, 62: Ælfc. Gl. 108; Som. 78, 116; Wrt. Voc. 58, 30: 85, 74. Gyf hé his scip uppe getogen hæbbe oððon hulc geworhtne oððon geteld geslagen ðæt hé ðǽr friþ hæbbe and ealle his ǽhta if he have drawn his ship ashore or have built a hut or pitched a tent, let him and all his property be unmolested, L. Eth. i. 3; Th. i. 286, 9. Hé wolde geneálǽcan his hulce he [the leper] wanted to reach his hut, Homl. Th. i. 336, 10. On wáclícum screafum oððe hulcum lútigende lurking in miserable dens or hovels, 544, 30. [Wick. hulke, Is. 1, 8.]
hulfestre, an; f. A plover; pluvialis [the word occurs in a list of names of birds], Ælfc. Gl. 38; Som. 63, 24; Wrt. Voc. 29, 44.
hulfstan ciupella, Wrt. Voc. 63, 24.
hú-líc; pron. Of what sort; qualis :-- Hé áhsode hwæt alexander se cyning dyde and húlíc mon hé wǽre and in hwylcere yldo he asked what king Alexander was doing, and what sort of man he was, and of what age, Nar. 18, 12. Nú ic wille secgan húlucu heó wæs I will tell you what it [Carthage] was like, Ors. 4, 13; Bos. 99, 57. Húlíc is ðes qualis est hic? Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 8, 27. Húlíc is se organ tó begonganne, Salm. Kmbl. 107; Sal. 53. Húlig, Lk. Skt. Lind. 1, 29. Gisih húlíce [húlco, Lind.] stánas and húlíc [huulig, Lind.] timber aspice quales lapides et quales structuræ, Mk. Skt. Rush. 13, 1. v. hwilc.
hulu, e; f. A hull, husk :-- Hnute hula culliole, Ælfc. Gl. 31; Som. 61, 105; Wrt. Voc. 37, 34: Gl. Prud. 156: Hpt. Gl. 439. [Prompt. Parv, hoole or huske siliqua; hoole of pesyn or benys or oðer coddyd frute techa; see note, p. 242: Scot. hule a husk: cf. O. H. Ger. hulsa siliqua: Ger. hülse.]
Humbre, an; or indecl. f. The Humber :-- Óþ gemǽro Humbre [streámes] ad confinium usque Humbræ fluminis, Bd. 1, 25; S. 486, 17. Óþ Humbre streám Humbræ fluvio, 2, 5; S. 506, 11. Behionan Humbre ... begiondan Humbre, Past. Pref; Swt. 3, 14, 16. Be súþan Humbre, Chr. 827; Erl. 62, 33. Ofer Humbre múþan, 867; Erl. 72, 6. Humbra [MS. B. Humbran] eá, 942; Erl. 116, 10. Tó Humbran múþan, 993; Erl. 132, 12. Com Tostig eorl intó Humbran mid lx scipum, 1066; Erl. 201, 6.
hú-meta; adv. How, in what manner; quomodo :-- Húmeta eodest ðú in quomodo intrasti? Mt. Kmbl. 22, 12, Húmeta bitst ðú æt mé drincan quomodo bibere a me poscis? Jn. Skt. 4, 9. Húmeta bodaþ hé [Paul] Cristes geleáfan? Homl. Th. i. 388, 2. Nú is tó besceáwigenne húmeta se ælmihtiga God geþafaþ ðæt ... now it is to be considered how it is that the almighty God permits that ..., 486, 17. Ðú sǽdest ðæt ðú ne mihte witan húmeta hé his weólde oððe hú hé his weólde you said that you could not see in what manner or by what means he governed it [the world]; quibus gubernaculis mundus regatur, Bt. 35, 2; Fox 156, 25.
hun [hún?], e; f. Impurity [?]; tabes. Cot. 192. v. hunel.
Húnas and Húne; pl. The Huns :-- Húne Hunni, Bd. 5, 9; S. 622, 15. Húnas, Elen. Kmbl. 42; El. 21. Húna cyning, 64; El. 32: Chr. 443; Erl. 10, 22. Ætla weóld Húnum, Exon. 85 a; Th. 319, 26; Vid. 18: 85 b; Th. 322, 2; Víd. 57. [Icel. Húnar: M. H. Ger. Hiune.] v. Grmm. D. M. 489-91.
HUND, es; m. A HOUND, a dog; applied to persons as a term of abuse in English and in other dialects :-- Ðá hé ðider com ðá sceolde cuman ðære helle hund ongeán hine ðæs nama wæs Ceruerus when he came thither, it is said, that then the dog of hell, whose name was Cerberus, came towards him, Bt. 35, 6; Fox 168, 15. Wið hundes slite for the bite of a dog, Herb. 177, 2; Lchdm. i. 310, 8. Of ðæs hundes handa de manu canis, Ps. Th. 21, 18. Ðone hǽðenan hund the heathen dog [Holofernes], Judth. 10; Thw. 23, 7; Jud. 110. Swá hundas ut canes, Ps. Th. 58, 6. Dumbe hundas canes muti, Past. 5, 1; Swt. 89, 17. Hunda gebeorc barking of dogs, Ælfc. Gr. 1; Som. 2, 35. Nys hit ná gód ðæt man nime bearna hláf and hundum worpe non est bonum sumere panem filiorum et mittere canibus, Mt. Kmbl. 15, 26. [Goth. hunds: O. Sax. O. Frs. hund: Icel. hundr: O. H. Ger. hunt: Ger. hund.] DER. heáh-, deór-, helle-, hroð-, wéde-hund.
hundes beó a dog-fly, Cot. 54, Lye.
hundes cwelcan berries of the wayfaring tree; baccæ de viburao opulo, colocinthidæ. Lchdm. iii. 333, col. 2.
hundes fleóge a dog-fly :-- Hundes fleóge cinomia, Ælfc. Gl. 21; Som. 59, 119; Wrt. Voc. 23, 37. Hundes fleógan muscam caninam, Ps. Th. 77, 45: Ors. 1, 7; Swt. 38, 1. [Wick. hound-fleʒe: O. H. Ger. hunt-, huntes-fliuge cynomia, musca canina.]
hundes heáfod snapdragon, Lchdm. ii. 395, col. 2.
hundes lús a dog-fly; cinomia, Wrt. Voc. 77, 54. [Cf. Ger. hunds-laus.]
hundes micge cynoglossum officinale, Lchdm. ii. 333, col. 2.
hundes tunge hound's tongue; cynoglossum officinale, Lchdm. ii. 333, col. i. [O. H. Ger. huntes-zunga cynoglossa.] v. E. D. S. Plant Names, hounds-tongue.
hundes wyrm a dog-worm; ricinus, Ælfc. Gl. 24; Som. 60, 33; Wrt. Voc. 24, 33.
HUND; n. A HUNDRED; centum :-- Gyf hwylc mann hæfþ hund sceápa si fuerint alicui centum oves, Mt. Kmbl. 18, 12. Hund sestra ... hund mittena hwǽtes, Lk. Skt. 16, 6, 7. Senatum ðæt wæs án hund manna ðéh heora æfter fyrste wǽre þreó hund, Ors. 2, 4; Swt. 70, 36. Mid án hund scipa, Bt. Met. Fox 26, 30; Met. 26, 15. Sum hund scipa some hundred ships, Chr. 894; Erl. 91, 5. Ðæt flód stód ðá swá án hund daga and fíftig daga obtinuerunt aquæ terram centum quinquaginta diebus, Gen. 7, 24. Æfter óðer healf hund daga post centum quinquaginta dies, 8, 3. Mið penningum twǽm hundum denariis ducentis, Mk. Skt. Lind. 6, 37. Ðǽr wǽron twá hund and eahta and feówertig wera, Blickl. Homl. 239, 14. Mid ccl hunde [þridde healf hund, MS. E.] scipa, Chr. 893; Erl. 88, 25. Ðá geceás Gedeon þreó hund manna, Jud. 7, 6. Þreó hund manna and eahtatýne men, Gen. 14, 14. Geseald tó þrím hunde penega sold for three hundred pence, Blickl. Homl. 69, 8: 75, 22. Þriim hundum peninga, Jn. Skt. Lind. 12, 5. Feówer hund geára, Gen. 15, 13. Ðá ðá hé wæs fíf hund geára, 5, 32. Nigon hund wintra and lxxi, Blickl. Homl. 119, 2. Hira monig hund ofslógon slew many hundreds of them, Chr. 895; Erl. 93, 28. Hund síðon on dæge a hundred times a day, Homl. Th. i. 456, 21. [Goth. hund: O. Sax. hund: O. H. Ger. hunt. This word is the representative of a fuller form which is seen in Gothic as taihun-téhund, -taihund [Lk. 15, 4: 16, 6], and which points to a primitive dakan-dakanta = ten-tenth = hundred. The Latin centum shews a similar modification.] v. next word.
hund- as a prefix to numerals from 70 to 120 is a shortened form of the word which appears, in Gothic as téhund, taihund [v. preceding word], and may be explained decade. O. Sax. prefixes ant [= hund?], in O. Frs. the prefix is t, and a trace of such forms is yet left in the Modern Dutch t-achtig = 80. On these numerals March remarks 'Gothic has sibun-téhund. The Anglo-Saxon form was once hund-seofonta [decade seventh], like O. Sax. ant-sibunta. The -ta changed to -tig through conformation with the smaller numbers, and hund-, whose meaning had faded, was retained as a sign of the second half of the great hundred.' Grammar, p. 75. See also Helfenstein's Comparative Grammar, p. 229. For the great hundred [120] cf. Icel. tólfrætt hundrað as distinguished from tírætt hundrað. See Cl. and Vig. Dict. hundrað.
hund-eahtatig; num. Eighty :-- Hundeahtatig octoginta, Ælfc. Gr. 49; Som. 49, 44. Heó wæs wudewe óþ feówer and hundeahtatig geára hæc vidua usque annos octoginta quatuor, Lk. Skt. 2, 37. Mid hundehtatigum scipum, Chr. Erl. 5, 2. Ǽr ðæm ðe Rómeburg getimbred wǽre iiii hunde wintrum and hundeahtatigum anno ante urbem conditam cccclxxx, Ors. 1, 10; Swt. 44, 4.
hundeahtatig-wintre; adj. Eighty years old :-- Hundeahtatigwintre and sixwintre wæs Abram ðá ðá Ager ácende Ysmael, Gen. 16, 16.
hunden; adj. Of a dog, canine :-- Hundene caninam, Blickl. Gloss. [O. H. Ger. huntin caninus.]
hund-endlefontig; num. One hundred and ten :-- Feówer and hundændlæftig ealdra swína one hundred and fourteen old swine, Chart. Th. 163, 3.
hund-endleftigoða; num. One hundred and tenth :-- On ðæm eahta and hundælleftiogoðan psalme in the hundred and eighteenth psalm, Past. 65, 5; Swt. 465, 23.
hundes beó, etc. See above after hund.
hund-feald; adj. Hundredfold :-- Hundfeald getel is fulfremed the number a hundred is perfect, Homl. Th. i. 338, 27. Swá hwæt swá wé be ánfealdan Godes þearfum syllaþ hé hit ús forgylt be hundfealdum, ii. 106, 2. Mid hundfealdum, i. 180, 26. Sealdon wæstm sum hundfealdne dabant fructum aliud centesimum, Mt. Kmbl. MS. A. 13, 8.
hund-líc; adj. Doglike, canine :-- Hundlíce [téþ] canini, Wrt. Voc. 282, 74. Nú sende hé hundas tó mé forðan ðe hé næfþ godcundlíce englas, ac hæfþ hundlíce now has he sent dogs to me, for he has not divine angels, but he has doglike ones, Homl. Th. i. 378, 3.
hund-nigontig; num. Ninety :-- Hundnigontig nonaginta, Ælfc. Gr. 49; Som. 49, 44. Se sumor hafaþ hundnygontig daga ... Se winter hæfaþ tú and hundnigontig daga, Shrn. 83, 33; 146, 7. Hundteóntig geára wæs Abraham and his gebedda hundnigontig Abraham was a hundred years old and his consort ninety, Homl. Th. i. 92, 21. Nigon and hundnigontig nonaginta novem, Lk. Skt. 15, 4. Mid þrím and hundnigentigon scipum, Chr. 993; Erl. 132, 2. Feówer hund geára and hundnigontig geára, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 71, 459.
hundnigontig-wintre; adj. Ninety years old, Gen. 17, 17.
hundred; pl. u; n. A hundred :-- Getalu vel heápas vel hundredu centurias, Ælfc. Gl. 96; Som. 76, 25; Wrt. Voc. 53, 34. Ðeáh ðe heora hundred seó though there be a hundred of them, Ps. Th. 89, 10. On lxv and þreó hundræd hi beóþ tódǽlede they are divided into three hundred and sixty-five, Nar. 49, 25. Seox hundred wintra and iii and hundseofenti wintra, Chr. 656; Erl. 33, 34. Hundrað scillinga centum denarios, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 18, 28. On twegera hundred penega wurþe. Jn. Skt. 6, 7. Wið þrím hundred penegon, 12, 5. Mid twám hundred penegon, Mk. Skt. 6, 40. Hí ðá sǽton hundredon and fíftigon discubuerunt per centenos et per quinquagenos, 37. [O. Frs. hundred, hunderd: Icel. hundrað: O. H. Ger. hundert: Ger. hundert. Two etymologies are suggested for the word; according to one hunder- corresponds to Lat. centur-ia; according to the other -red (Icel. rað) is a suffix akin to the -ræðr which is found in Icel. átt-rædr, etc. v. Grmm. Gesch. D. S. 175-6.]
hundred, es; n. A hundred, a territorial division, the assembly of the men in such a division :-- Hú mon ðæt hundred haldan sceal. Ǽrest ðæt hí heó gegaderian á ymb feówer wucan and wyrce ǽlc man óðrum riht how the [assembly of the] hundred is to be held. First, they [the men of the hundred] are to assemble themselves every four weeks; and each man is to do justice to other, L. Edg. H; Th. i. 258, 2-4, and see the whole section. Fó se hláford tó healfan and tó healfan ðæt hundred let the lord take half, and the hundred half, L. Edg. 2, 7; Th. i. 268, 20. Gewitnys sý geset tó ǽlcere byrig and tó ǽlcum hundrode, L. Edg. S. 3; Th. i. 274, 8, 10. Twegen þegenas innan ðam hundrede, L. Eth. i. 1; Th. i. 280, 11: L. C. S. 17; Th. i. 384, 30: 19; Th. i. 386, 12. [Various explanations of the word have been given. 'It has been regarded as denoting simply a division of a hundred hides of land; as the district which furnished a hundred warriors to the host; as representing the original settlement of the hundred warriors; or as composed of a hundred hides, each of which furnished a single warrior,' Stubbs' Const. Hist. 1, 97; see also following pages and pp. 71-3: Grmm. R. A. 532 sqq: Kemble's Saxons in England, c. ix: Schmid A. S. Gesetz. p. 613-4.]
hundredes ealdor, es; m. I. a centurion :-- Ðá geneáhlǽhte hym án hundredes ealdor accessit ad eum Centurio, Mt. Kmbl. 8, 5. II. the presiding officer of the court of the hundred :-- Gif se hundrodes ealdor ðæt geáscoþ, L. Edg. S. 10; Th. i. 276, 8. Cýðan hit ðæs túnes men ðam hundredes ealdre, 8; Th. i. 274, 28.
hundredes man apparently the same as preceding word, II :-- Cyðe hit man ðam hundredes men, L. Edg. H. 2; Th. i. 258, 7. v. hundred-mann.
hundred-gemót, hundredes gemót, es; n. The assembly of the hundred [v. hundred] :-- Séce man hundredgemót swá hit ǽr geset wæs and ðǽr beó on scirebisceop and se ealdorman let the hundredmoot be attended as was before appointed; and let the bishop of the shire and the alderman be there present, L. Edg. ii. 5; Th. i. 268, 2-5. Séce man hundredes gemót be wíte let the hundredmoot be attended under penalty of a fine, L. C. S. 17; Th. i. 386, 1.
hundred-mann, es; m. The chief of a hundred men, a centurion :-- Ðá clypode hé ðæne hundredman accersito centurione, Mk. Skt. 15, 44. Sette hig tó ealdrum and tó hundredmannum and tó fíftigesmannum and tó teóðingmannum constitui eos principes, tribunes et centuriones et quinquagenarios et decanos, Deut. 1, 15. Þúsendmen and hundrydmen and fíftiesmen and teóðingmen tribunos et quinquagenarios et decanos, Ex. 18, 21. [Cf. O. H. Ger. hunteri centurio.]
hundred-penig, es; m. 'A collection made for the support of his office by the sheriff or lord of the hundred:' -- Hundredpenegas, Chart. Th. 432, 25: 433, 29. v. Glossary.
hund-seofontig; num. Seventy :-- Hundseofontig septuaginta, Ælfc. Gr. 49; Som. 49, 43. Ealles hundseofontig manna seventy men in all, Homl. Th. ii. 190, 30. His suna gestríndon twá and hundseofontig suna his sons begot seventy-two sons, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 61, 154. Ne secge ic ðe óþ seofon síðas ac óþ seofon hundseofontigon síðon non dico tibi usque septies, sed usque septuagies seplies, Mt. Kmbl. 18, 22.
hundseofontig-feald; adj. Seventy-fold :-- Septuagesima is hundseofontigfeald getel, Homl. Th. ii. 84, 28: 86, 2.
hundseofontig-wintre; adj. Seventy years old :-- Ðá hé wæs seofonhundwintre and seofon hundseofontigwintre. Gen. 5, 31.
hund-teóntig; num. A hundred :-- Hundteóntig centum, Ælfc. Gr. 49; Som. 49, 44. Hundteóntig geára wæs Abraham Abraham was a hundred years old, Homl. Th. i. 92, 20. Joseph leofode hundteóntig geára and tín tó eácan Joseph lived a hundred and ten years, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 63, 208. Hundteóntig and twentig a hundred and twenty, Shr. 85, 12. Hundteóntig and þreó and fíftig, Jn. Skt. 21, 11. Fæder Abrahames wintra hæfde twá hundteóntig and fífe eác and the days of Terah were two hundred and five years, Cd. 83; Th. 104, 26; Gen. 1741.
hundteóntig-feald; adj. Hundredfold :-- Tó hundteóntigfealdre méde, Blickl. Homl. 41, 19.
hundteóntigfeald-líc; adj. Hundredfold :-- Ðæt hé ón ðyssum life hundteóntigfealdlíce méde onfénge ut in hoc vita centuplum acciperet, Bd. 5, 19; S. 636, 36.
hundteóntig-geáre; adj. Aged a hundred :-- Adam leofode hundteóntigeáre and þrittegeáre, Gen. 5, 3.
hund-twelftig; num. A hundred and twenty :-- Hundtwelftig geára wæs Moses ðá ðá hé gewát Moyses centum et viginti annorum erat, quando mortuus est, Deut. 34, 7: Cd. 64; Th. 76, 26; Gen. 1263. Se wudu is eástlang and westlang hundtwelftiges míla lang oððe lengra from east to west the wood is a hundred and twenty miles long, or longer, Chr. 893: Erl. 88, 28.
hund-twentig; num. A hundred and twenty :-- Mid ðam ðe hé wæs on ylde hundtwentig wintra when he was a hundred and twenty years of age, Ælfc. T. Grn. 6, 1. Hé gean ðæra hundtwæntiga hída æt Wyrðæ He gives the hundred and twenty hides at Worth, Chart. Th. 526, 32.
hundtwentig-wintre; adj. A hundred and twenty years old :-- Ic eom tó-dæg hundtwentigwintre centum viginti annorum sum hodie, Deut. 31, 2.
hund-wealh, es; m. A servant to attend to dogs :-- Hundwæalh canum servitor, Æltc. Gl. 8; Som. 56, 110; Wrt. Voc. 18, 58.
hund-wintre; adj. A hundred years old :-- Hé sylf wæs ðá hundwintre cum centum esset annorum, Gen. 21, 5. Wénst ðú lá ðæt sunu beó ácenned of hundwintrum men putasne centenario nascetur filius? 17, 17.
hune, an; f. Horehound; marrubium vulgare :-- Hunan seáw juice of horehound, L. M. 1, 3; Lchdm. ii. 42, 19. Nim hunan take horehound, 31; Lchdm. ii. 74, 8. Wyll ða háran hunan boil the horehound, Lchdm. iii. 48, 14. v. hár-hune.
hunel; adj. Foul, wanton, impudent; procax, protervus, immodestus, impudicus, Lye. v. hun.
HUNGOR es; m. HUNGER, famine :-- Nis ðǽr hungor ne þurst slǽp ne swár leger ne sunnan bryne there is there neither hunger nor thirst, sleep nor grievous sickness, nor burning heat of the sun, Exon. 32 a; Th. 101, 20; Cri. 1661. Beóþ ðé hungor and þurst hearde gewinnan, 36 b; Th. 118, 27; Gú. 246. Hæfde hí hungor and þurst esurientes et silientes, Ps. Th. 106, 4. Hér wæs se micla hungor on Angelcynne in this year was the great famine in England, Chr. 976; Erl. 127, 34. Hér on ðyssum geáre wæs se mycla hungor geond Angelcynn swilce nán man ǽr ne gemunde swá grimme, 1005; Erl. 139, 36. Hungor se háta ne se hearda þurst, Exon. 64 b; Th. 238, 32; Ph. 613. Se grimma hungor ne se háta þurst, 112 a; Th. 430, 5; Rä. 44, 3. Hunger se hearda hámsittendum wælgrim werum, Cd. 86; Th. 108, 32; Gen. 1815. Hungres on wénum blátes beódgæstes in expectation of hunger, pallid guest at the board, Andr. Kmbl. 2176; An. 1089. Hungre wǽron þearle geþreátod swá se þeódsceaða hreów rícsode, 2230; An. 1116. Lǽtaþ cuelan hungre Cristes þearfan cum fame crucientur Christi pauperes, Past. 44, 6; Swt. 327, 6. Ic on hungre forwurðe fame pereo, Lk. 15, 17. Hungre ácwelan to die of hunger, Chr. 894; Erl. 92, 28: 918; Erl. 104, 13. Hungre heófeþ wulf se grǽga the grey wolf howls for hunger, Exon. 91 b; Th. 342, 30; Gn. Ex. 150. Hungur heaðugrimne heardne, Ps. Th. 145, 6. Manncwealmas and hungras pestilentiæ et fames, Mt. Kmbl. 24, 7. [Goth. huhrus: O. Sax. hungor: O. Frs. hunger, honger: Icel. hungr: O. H. Ger. hungar fames: Ger. hunger.]
hungor-biten; adj. Hunger-bitten, suffering from hunger :-- Ac ðes folces ðe be Hungire fór fela þúsenda ðǽr and be wæge earmlíce forfóran and fela hreówlíce and hungerbitene ongeán winter hám tugon but of the people that went by Hungary many thousands perished miserably there and by the way, and many came home towards winter in pitiful plight and suffering from hunger, Chr. 1096; Erl. 233, 22.
hungor-geár, es; n. A year of famine :-- Ðá hæfde se hálga wer gedǽled ðæs mynstres þing hafenleásum mannum for ðam hungergeáre the saint had distributed the provisions of the monastery to indigent men on account of the year of famine, Homl. Th. ii. 178, 20.
hungor-lǽwe; adj. Hungry, famished :-- Ða hungerlǽwan gefylde synt famelici saturati sunt, Ps. Lamb. Cantic. Annæ, 5.
hungrig; adj. Hungry, famished :-- Gewát se wilda fugol hungri, Cd. 72; Th. 88, 10; Gen. 1463. Ðæm hungrige esurienti, Rtl. 5, 22. Gif ðú ðissere hungrige ceasterwaran gehelpest if thou helpest this starving town, Th. Ap. 9, 18. Hungrig esuriens, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 25, 37. Hý him hungrige ymb hond flugon, Exon. 43 a; Th. 146, 13; Gú. 709. Ða hungrian, Ps. Th. 106, 8. Hungrium, 35: 131, 16. Hungregum tó frófre, Soul Kmbl. 224; Seel. 116. [Orm. hunngriʒ: O. H. Ger. hungarag impastus, esuriens, famelicus: Ger. hungerig, hungrig.]
hunig, es; n. Honey :-- Ðǽr [Estland] biþ swyðe mycel hunig and fisc[n]aþ and se cyning and ða rícostan men drincaþ myran meolc and ða unspédigan and ða þeówan medo in that country there is very much honey and fishing; and the king and the principal men drink mare's milk, and the poor and the slaves mead, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 20, 15. Doran hunig dumbledore's honey, L. M. 1, 2; Lchdm. ii. 28, 20. [Cf. O. H. Ger. humbel-honag.] Englisces huniges of English honey, 2, 65; Lchdm. ii. 292, 23: 3, 71; Lchdm. ii. 358, 10. Þynceþ þegna gehwelcum huniges bíbreád healfe ðý swétre gif hé hwéne ǽr huniges teáre bitres onbyrgeþ dulcior est apium mage labor, si malus ora pritis sapor edat, Bt. Met. Fox 12, 17; Met. 12, 9. Swá þicce swá huniges tear as thick as honey that drops from the comb, L. M. 1, 31; Lchdm. ii. 74, 4: 2; Lchdm. ii. 28, 4. Tó ðam lande ðe eall fléwþ on riðum meolce and hunies ... of ðam lande ðe weóll meolce and hunie in terram, quæ fluit rivis lactis et mellis ... de terra, quæ lacte et melle manabat, Num. 16, 14, 13. Beón gif hí man ácwellaþ cwelle hig man raðe ǽr hí tó ðam hunige cumon, L. Ecg. C. 39; Th. ii. 164, 2. [Orm. huniʒ: A. R. huni: Ayenb. honi: O. Frs. hunig: Icel. hunang: O. H. Ger. honag, honig; Ger. honig.] v. wudu-hunig.
hunig-æppel, es; m. Pastillus, Cot. 155, Lye.
hunig-bǽre; adj. Mellifluus, Hpt. Gl. 408, 457.
hunig-camb, e; f. Honey-tomb :-- Hunigcamb teáres favum nectaris, Lchdm. ii. 396, col. 1.
hunig-flówende; adj. Flowing with honey, dropping honey, mellifluous :-- Wyrta geblówene hunigflówende, Exon. 51 a; Th. 178, 26; Gú. 1250. [Cf. Icel. hunangs-fljótandi flowing with honey.]
hunig-gafol, es; n. Rent paid in honey :-- Syllan huniggafol to pay rent in honey, L. R. S. 4; Th. i. 434, 31. [Cf. mid ús is gerǽd ðæt hé (beó-ceorl) sylle v. sustras huniges tó gafole, 5; Th. i. 436, 1.]
hunig-smæc; gen. -smæcces; m. Taste or flavour of honey :-- Hafaþ on gehátum hunigsmæccas use honeyed words in their promises, Frag. Kmbl. 53; Leás. 28.
hunig-súce, -súge, an; f. Privet, a plant from which honey may be sucked :-- Hunisúge ligustrum, Ælfc. Gl. 47; Som. 65, 31; Wrt. Voc. 33, 30. Hunisúce, Wrt. Voc. 68, 3.
hunig-swǽs; adj. Like honey; melleus. Hpt. Gl. 481.
hunig-swéte; adj. Sweet as honey, mellifluous :-- Hé hlód ðá mid þurstigum breóste ða flówendan láre ðe hé eft æfter fyrste mid hunigswéttre þrotan bealcette, Th. An. 45, 4.
hunig-teár, es; m. Distillation from the comb, without squeezing, virgin honey; mel purissimum, e favo sponte quod effluxit, mell stillativum,' Lchdm. ii. 396, col. 1 :-- Hunigteár nectar, Hpt. Gl. 468. Hunigteáres nectaris, Mone Gl. p. 384. Sý gemenged tógædre hunigteár and wín let virgin honey and wine be mixed together, Lchdm. iii. 292, 16. Besmyra mid hunigteáre, 11. [Cf. O. E. Hom. swete al swá án hunitíar felle upe ʒíure híerte, i. 217, 27.]
hunig-teáren; adj. Sweet as honey or nectar :-- Hunigteárenne nectareum, Gl. Prud. p. 140.
hunigteár-líc; adj. like nectar; nectareus, Cot. 138, Lye.
hún-spuran 'dolones; great spars or staves with small heads of iron, and swords within,' Som. Lye gives hun-spera, -spura dolo, Cot. 62. v. hún-þyrel.
hunt, e; Hunting :-- Of hunte du venatione, Rtl. 117, 4. [Or is hunte for huntunge?].
hunta, an; m. A hunter :-- Hunta venator, Ælfc. Gr. 36; Som. 38, 43; Wrt. Voc. 73, 43. Ǽnne cræft ic cann. Hunta ic eom unam artem scio. Venator sum, Coll. Monast. Th. 21, 1-6: 22, 27. Wé lǽraþ ðæt preóst ne beó hunta ne hafecere we enjoin that a priest be not a hunter nor a hawker [cf. Chaucer's Monk: 'He ʒaf nat of that text a pulled hen, That seith, that hunters been noon holy men'], L. Edg. C. 64; Th. ii. 258, 7. Eal wéste búton ðǽr huntan gewícodon oððe fisceras, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 17, 29. Wéste land bútan fiscerum and fugelerum and huntum, Swt. 17, 26. Bethsaida is gereht domus venatorum ðæt is huntena hús, Shrn. 78, 9. [Ðá són ðǽræfter ða sǽgon and hérdon fela men feole huntes hunten. Ða huntes wǽron swarte and micele and ládlíce, Chr. 1127; Erl. 256, 28. Laym. hunte; pl. hunten: Orm. hunnte: Chauc. hunte.] v. hwæl-hunta.
hunta, an; m. A hunting spider; salticus scenicus or aranea tarantula [?] :-- Wið ðon gif hunta gebíte mannan ðæt is swíðra in case a hunting spider bite a man, that is the stronger, L. M. 1, 68; Lchdm. ii. 142, 18 [see the note]: 14, 19. Wið huntan bite, 144, 2, 5.
Huntan-dún, e; f. Huntingdon :-- Fór se here of Huntandúne and of Eástenglum and worhton ðæt geweorc æt Tæmese forda and forléton ðæt óðer æt Huntandúne ... And ðá se firdstemn fór hám ðá fór óðer út and gefór ða burg æt Huntandúne and hie gebétte and geedneowade ðǽr heó ǽr tóbrocen wæs be Eádweardes cyninges hǽse, Chr. 921; Erl. 106, 16: 107, 31. Tóward Huntendúne porte, 656; Erl. 31, 19.
Huntandún-scir, e; f. Huntingdonshire :-- Tó Huntandúnscire, Chr. 1016; Erl. 154, 7.
huntaþ-faru, e; f. A hunting expedition, hunting :-- Cýpinga and folcgemóta and huntaþfara and woroldlícra weorca on ðam hálgan dæge geswíce man georne let people diligently abstain from marketings and folk-moots and hunting expeditions and secular employments on the holy day [Sunday], L. Eth. vi. 22; Th. i. 322, 12 : L. C. E. 15; Th. i. 368, 18. [Cf. the Icelandic law 'Maþr a at fiskja drottins dag eþa messu dag eþa veiþa annat of hann vill. Hann scal hafa messu um morgininn aþr oc lata eigi veiþina standa fyrir tiþa socninni.']
hún-þyrel, es; n. The hole in the mast-head through which the halyard went :-- Húnþyrlu carchesia, Wrt. Voc. 63, 49. [Icel. húnn a knob at the end of a staff, at the top of a mast; hún-bora the hole in the mast-head through which the halyard went.]
huntian; p. ode To hunt :-- Ic ásende míne fisceras and hí gefixiaþ hí míne huntan and hí huntiaþ hi of ǽlcere dúne and of ǽlcere hylle I will send for many fishers and they shall fish them; and after will I send for many hunters and they shall hunt them from every mountain and from every hill [A. V. Jer. 56, 56], Homl. Th. i. 576, 28. Gif him þince ðæt hé huntige beorge him georne wið his fýnd if he fancies that he is hunting, let him guard himself well against his foes, Lchdm. iii. 172, 19. Ne canst ðú huntian búton nettum nescis venari nisi cum retibus, Coll. Monast. Th. 21, 21. Ic fare huntian venatum pergo, Ælfc. Gr. 24; Som. 25, 10. Huntigendra venantium, Ps. Spl. 90, 3 : 123, 6.
huntigestre, an; f. A huntress :-- Huntigystran venatrices, Nar. 38, 3.
huntig-spere, es; n. A hunting-spear, boar-spear :-- Bárspere vel huntigspere venabulum, Ælfc. Gl. 51; Som. 66, 23; Wrt. Voc. 35. 12.
huntnaþ, huntnoþ, es; m. Hunting :-- Be huntnaþe. Ic wylle ðæt ǽlc man sý his huntnoþes wyrðe on wuda and on felda on his ágenan. And forgá ǽlc man mínne huntnoþ hwǽr ic hit gefriþod wille habban Of hunting. I will that every man have the right to hunt in wood and in open country on his own property. And let every man leave my hunting alone where I wish to have it preserved, L. C. S. 81; Th. i. 420, 23-6. Wǽre ðú tó-dæg on huntnoþe fuisti hodie in venatione? Coll. Monast. Th. 21, 35. Hé of huntnoþe com venerat de venatu, Bd. 3, 14; S. 540, 33. On fiscnoþum and on huntnoþum and on fugelnoþum piscationibus, venationibus, aucupationibus, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 350, 9.
huntung, e; f. Hunting :-- Mǽre on huntunge heorta and rána cervorum caprearumque insignis, Bd. 1, 1; S. 474, 45. Gyrstandæg ic wæs on huntunge heri fui in venatione, Coll. Monast. Th. 22, 3. Hwæt ðést ðú be ðínre huntunge? Ic sylle cync swá hwæt swá ic gefó quid facis de tua vexatione? Ego do regi quicquid capio, 25-7. Of huntungum de venationibus, Rtl. 118, 39.
hup-bán, -seax. v. hype-bán, -seax.
húru; adv. At least, at all events, at any rate, in any case, however, even, yet, only, indeed, certainly, especially :-- Húru gif ic hæfde ǽnne penig saltim si haberem unum denarium, Ælfc. Gr. 44; Som. 46, 35. Húru nú hæfþ mín heáfod uppáhafen ofer míne fýnd nunc autem exaltavit caput meum super inimicos meos, Ps. 26, 7. Ðæt ic húru underfó sum fóstercild of hyre si forte saltem ex illa suscipiam filios, Gen. 16, 2. Beó ðú húru gehyrt tu tantum confortare, Jos. 1, 18, 17. Húru ðæt hig ofer niht ðǽron ne wunigon ita saltem ut non per noctem ibi restent, L. Ecg. C. 39; Th. ii. 164, 2. Óðre lytle fugelas sind læssan ðonne heó sý and hwæðere hí ofsleáþ sum þing húru ðás fleógan other little birds are less than it [the dove] is, and yet they kill something, at any rate these flies, Homl. Th. ii. 46, 17. Woldon hine habban húru swá deádne they would have him when he was dead at any rate, 518, 23. Húru fífténe míla brád at least fifteen miles broad, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 20, 8. Ðæt hé húru þreó þing ðananforþ healdan wille, L. Eth. v. 6; Th. i. 306, 8 : L. C. E. 19; Th. i. 370, 33. Be emnihte oððe húru be ealra hálgena mæssan by the equinox or in any case by Allhallows' mass, L. Eth. ix. 9; Th. i. 342, 22. Eallum cristenum gebyreþ ðæt hí riht lufian and húru [certainly] gehádode men scylon á riht rǽran, L. I. P. 7; Th. ii. 312, 34. Húru hit wyrþ ðonne egeslíc, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 104, 5. Gif hit on ǽnegum men ǽnige hwíle fæstlíce wunaþ se deáþ hit húru áfirreþ, Bt. 8; Fox 26, 4. Ðæt deáh tó ǽlcum and húru tó deópun dolgum it is good for all, and especially for deep wounds, L. M. 1, 45; Lchdm. ii. 114, 1. Ðæt man cristene men and unforworhte of earde ne sylle ne húru on hǽðene leóde certainly not to a heathen nation, L. Eth. v. 2; Th. i. 304, 15. Heora eáþmetto ne mihton náuht forstandan ne húru heora ofermetta their humility could not avail aught, and certainly not their pride, Bt. 29, 2; Fox 104, 34. [A.R. hure.]
húru-þinga; adv. Especially, at least, at any rate :-- Húruþinga presertim, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Som. 41, 65. Hú ne scolde hine húruþinga sceamian seofon dagas nonne debuerat saltem septem diebus rubore suffundi? Num. 12, 14. Hyne bǽdon ðæt hig húruþinga his reáfes fnæd æthrinon rogabant eum ut vel fimbriam vestimenti ejus tangerent, Mt. Kmbl. 14, 36. Lǽtaþ mé fyrst óþ tómerigen húruþinga fyrst óþ tómerigen allow me respite until to-morrow, only until to-morrow, Homl. Th. i. 414, 23. Swilce hé swutellíce cwǽde 'Gif gé noldon Gode lybban on cildháde, ne on geógoþe, gecyrraþ nú húruþinga on ylde to lífes wege,' ii. 78, 13.
HÚS es; n. A HOUSE, a family :-- Hic lar þis fýr on ánfealdum getele, and hit getácnaþ hús on mænigfealdum getele, hi lares ðás hús; ðanon is gecweden lardum spic, forðan hit on húsum hangaþ lange, Ælfc. Gr. 9; Som. 9, 48. Baðiendra manna hús ðǽr hí hí unscrédaþ inne apodyterium, i. e. domus qua vestimenta balneantium ponuntur, Ælfc. Gl. 55 : Som. 67, 9; Wrt. Voc. 37, 6. Lytle hús of bredan tabernæ vel gurgustia, Wrt. Voc. 37, 8. Byþ gelíc ðam wísan were se hys hús ofer stán getimbrode assimilabitur viro sapienti qui ædificavit domum suam supra petram, Mt. Kmbl. 7, 24. Gewát neósian heán húses went and visited the lofty house, Beo. Th. 233; B. 116. Maria húse gesætt Maria domi sedebat, Jn. Skt. Lind, 11, 20. Lét fleógan hrefn of húse út [out of the ark], Cd. 71; Th. 87, 2; Gen. 1442. Se wilda fugel ofer heánne beám hús getimbreþ, Exon. 58 b; Th. 211, 24; Ph. 202. Ðæt fǽge hús the corpse, Elen. Kmbl. 1759; EI. 881. Israhéla hús domus Israel, Ps. Th. 113, 18, 1, 19 : 134, 21. Nis nán wítega búton wurþscipe búton on his éðele and on his mægþe and on his húse non est propheta sine honore nisi in patria sua et in cognatione sua et in domo sua, Mk. Skt. 6, 4. [Goth. O. Sax. O. Frs. Icel. O. H. Ger. hús : Ger. haus.] DER. ambiht-, bán-, bed-, dóm-, eorþ-, feld-, feoh-, feorh-, friþ-, gæst-, geofon-, gift-, græf-, helle-, mán-, mere-, morðor-, nicor-, sáwel-, wíg-, wíte-hús.
húsa, an; m. A member of a household :-- Fióndes menn húsa his inimici hominis domestici ejus, Mt. Ktnbl. Lind. 10, 36. v. ge-húsa.
hús-bonda, -bunda, an; m. The master of a house :-- Án his manna wolde wícian æt ánes bundan húse his unþances and gewundode ðone húsbundon and se húsbunda ofslóh ðone óðerne. Ðá wearþ Eustatius uppon his horse and his gefeoran uppon heora and férdon tó ðam húsbundon and ofslógon hine binnan his ágenan heorþa one of his men wanted to stop at a man's house against his will, and wounded the man of the house, and the man of the house slew the other. Then Eustace got on his horse and his companions on theirs, and went to the man of the house and slew him, in his own home, Chr. 1048; Erl. 177, 35-40. [O. E. Homl. þe husbonde þat is wit warneþ his hus þus, i. 247, 19 : Laym. of æverelche huse þat husbonde wunede, 31958 : Prompt. Parv. hose-, hus-bonde paterfamilias; also maritus : Icel. [from which the word seems borrowed] hus-bóndi [= -búandi] a house-master; a husband. Cf. Chauc. Wick. husbond-, housbonde-man a householder.]
hús-bonde, an; f. The mistress of a house :-- Ða Israéliscan wíf biddaþ æt ðám Egiptiscean wífon æt hira néhgebúron and æt hira húsbondum sylfrene fatu postulabit mulier a vicina sua et ab hospita sua vasa argentea, Ex. 3, 22.
hús-brice, es; m. Housebreaking, burglary :-- Húsbrice [-brec, MS. A.] and bærnet æfter woruldlage is bótleás housebreaking and arson are according to the secular law inexpiable, L. C. S. 65; Th. i. 410, 5. Cf. quedam non possunt emendari, que sunt husbreche, et bernet, L. H. 12, 1; Th. i. 522, 27 : 47; Th. i. 546, l0. [O. Frs. hús-breke : cf. Icel. hús-brot housebreaking, burglary : and O. H. Ger. hús-prehho prædator.] v. brecan, á-brecan.
hús-bryne, es; m. The burning of a house, a fire :-- Æt húsbryne ǽlc mon ánne pening at the burning of a house let every man contribute one penny, Chart. Th. 614, 13. [Icel. hús-bruni : cf. O. Frs. hús-brand.]
husc, hucs, hux, es; m. [cf. hosp.] Insult, scorn, scoffing, mockery :-- Abraham mid hucse bewand ða hleóðorcwidas on hige sínum [cf. Sarah laughed within herself, Gen. 18, 12], Cd. 107; Th. 140, 34; Gen. 2337 : 109; Th. 143, 21; Gen. 2382. Þurh hucx per ironiam, Cot. 186, Lye. [Laym. hux and hoker : O. L. Ger. hosc subsannatio : O. H. Ger. hosc sugillatio.] v. hux-líc.
hús-carl, es; m. [A word apparently taken from the Scandinavians, as the English form would be hús-ceorl.] A member of the king's bodyguard :-- Ðurstán mín húskarll præfectus meus palatinus Ðurstanus, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iv. 202, 4. Urk mín húskarl, 221, 6. On gewitnesse eallra ðæs kynges húscarlan [-carla?], 291, 15. Ða Densca húscarles, Chr. 1070; Erl. 207, 25. Man gerǽdde ðæt Ælfgifu Hardacnutes módor sǽte on Winceastre mid ðæs cynges húscarlum hyra suna, 1036; Erl. 165, 5. [O. Frs. hús-kerl : Icel. hús-karl I. a man-servant, opposed to húsbondi a master; II. a member of the king's body-guard. See Cl. and Vig. Dict.] v. Kemble's Saxons in England, ii. 118 sqq : Stubbs' Const. Hist. i. 150.
husc-word, es; n. An insulting, scornful word or speech :-- Huscworde ongan ealdorsacerd hyspan, Andr. Kmbl. 1338; An. 669. [Laym. hux-word.]
HÚSEL, húsul, húsl, es; n. The HOUSEL, consecrated bread and wine, the Eucharist :-- Ðæs hláfes wé onbyriaþ ðonne wé mid geleáfan tó húsle gáþ forðan ðe ðæt hálige húsel is gástlíce Cristes líchama that bread we taste when we believingly go to the Lord's supper, for the consecrated bread is spiritually Christ's body, Homl. Th. i. 34, 18. Hwí is ðæt hálige húsel gecweden Cristes líchama oððe his blód, gif hit nis sóþlíce ðæt ðæt hit geháten is? Sóþlíce se hláf and ðæt wín ðe beóþ þurh sacerda mæssan gehálgode óðer þing hí æteówiaþ menniscum andgitum wiðútan and óðer þing hí clypiaþ wiðinnan geleáffullum módum. Wiðútan hí beóþ gesewene hláf and wín ǽgðer ge on hiwe and on swæcce, ac hí beóþ sóþlíce æfter ðære hálgunge Cristes líchama and his blód þurh gástlícere gerýnu, ii. 268, 21-9. Ðæt húsel is Cristes líchama ná líchamlíce ac gástlíce ná se líchama ðe hé on þrowode ac se líchama ðe hé embe spræc ðá ðá hé bletsode hláf and wín tó húsle . . . and cwæþ be ðam gebletsodan hláfe Ðis is mín líchama and be ðam gehálgodan wíne Ðis is mín blód . . . Understandaþ ðæt se Drihten dæghwamlíce bletsaþ þurh sacerda handa hláf and wín tó his gástlícan líchama and blóde the housel is Christ's body, not bodily but spiritually; not the body that he suffered in, but the body that he spoke about when he blessed bread and wine for housel . . . and said of the bread he had blessed : 'This is my body,' and of the hallowed wine : 'This is my blood' . . . Understand that the Lord daily blesses, by the priest's hands, bread and wine so that they become his spiritual body and blood, L. Ælfc. C. 36; Th. ii. 360, 15-24. Ðæm folce húsl syllan Eucharistiam populo dare, Bd. 2, 5; S. 507,13. Hé frægn hwæðer hí ǽnig húsel ðǽrinne hæfdon. Ðá andswaredon hí hwylc þearf is ðé húsles . . . Cwæþ hé Beraþ mé hwæðere húsel tó interrogavit, si Eucharistiam intus haberent. Respondebant, 'Quid opus est Eucharistia?' 'Et tamen' ait 'afferte mihi Eucharistiam,' 4, 24; S. 598, 35-9 : L. Ælfc. C. 36; Th.. ii. 358, 16-38, 360, 5-15, 24-29. Tó húsle gán to go to the sacrament, Blickl. Homl. 207, 5 : 209, 6. Húsle gereorded ðý æþelan gyfle having been fed with the Eucharist, that noble meal, Exon. 51 b; Th. 180, 4; Gú. 1274. [The older meaning of the word is seen from the Gothic hunsl sacrifice; hunslian to offer; hunsla-staþs an altar, see Grmm. D. M. 35. The word is found in Icel. húsl : Swed. husl : Orm. A. R. O. E. Hom. husel : R. Glouc. hosel : Piers P. Chauc. housel : and for later use see Nares' Gloss.]
húsel-bearn, es; n. A person who may partake of the Eucharist :-- Hálig húsulbearn [Guthlac], Exon. 40 b; Th. 135, 28; Gú. 531.
húsel-disc, es; m. Housel-dish, the plate for the consecrated bread, the paten :-- Húseldisc patena, Ælfc. Gl. 26; Som. 60, 91; Wrt. Voc. 25, 31: patina, Wrt. Voc. 81, 2. Ðis mon sceal wrítan on húsldisce and on ðone drenc mid háligwætere þweán and singan on this is to be written on a paten and washed into the drink and sung over, L. M. 1, 62; Lchdm. ii. 136, 3.
húsel-fæt, es; n. A sacrificial vessel, [in Christian times] a sacramental vessel :-- Húselfatu vasa sacra, Bd. 1, 29; S. 498, 9. Subdiaconus is underdiácon se ðe ða fatu byrþ forþ tó ðam diácone and þénaþ under ðam diácone æt ðam hálgan weófode mid ðam huselfatum, L. Ælfc. C. 15; Th. ii. 348, 11. Húslfatu hálegu the vessels of the temple, Cd. 209; Th. 260, 5; Dan. 705: 212; Th. 262, 24; Dan. 749.
húsel-gang, es; m. Attendance upon or partaking of the sacrament :-- Fulluht and synna forgyfenys húselgang sind eallum gemǽne earmum and eádigum baptism and forgiveness of sins, attendance at the sacrament, are common to all, to poor and rich, Homl. Th. i. 64, 32: ii. 48, 29. Se ðe hit singþ æt his endedæge ðonne forstent hit him húselgang he who sings it at his last day, for him it shall stand instead of receiving the Eucharist, Lchdm. iii. 288, 16. Gearwige tó húslgange oft and gelóme gehwá hine sylfne, L. Eth. v. 22; Th. i. 310, 7. Gearwige hine tó húselgange húru þríwa on geáre, vi. 27; Th. i. 322, 7: L. C. E. 19; Th. i. 370, 32. v. next word.
húsel-genga, gengea, an; m. One who goes to the Lord's supper, a communicant :-- Gif hé húslgengea síe, L. Win. 23; Th. i. 42, 7: L. In. 19; Th. i. 114, 11. Be húslgengum, 15; Th. i. 112, 4.
husel-hálgung, e; f. The sanctifying that comes from receiving the Eucharist, attendance at the Eucharist :-- Ðreó heálíce þing gesette God mannum tó clǽnsunge án is fulluht óðer is húselhálgung þridde is dǽdbót ... Se húselgang ús gehálgaþ, Homl. Th. ii. 48, 27. Úre gástlícan lác sind úre gebedu and lofsang and húselhálgung our spiritual gifts are our prayers and praise and attendance at the Eucharist, i. 54, 27.
húsel-láf, e; f. What is left of the housel :-- Man ne mót hálgian húsel on Langa Frigedæg ... Gange se preóst tó ðam weofode mid ðære húselláfe ðe hé hálgode on Ðunresdæg housel must not be hallowed on Good Friday ... Let the priest go to the altar with what remains of the housel that he hallowed on Thursday, L. Ælfc. C. 36; Th. ii. 358, 22.
húsel-portic, es; m. Sacristy :-- His líchoma wæs bebyriged beforan ðam húselportice sepultus est corpore ante secretarium, Bd. 2, 1; S. 500, 15.
húsel-þegn, es; m. An acolyte :-- Acolitus ðæt is húslþén, L. Ecg. C. 41; Th. i. 166, 20.
húsel-wer, es; m. One who may take the sacrament, a communicant :-- Húsulweras, Exon. 44 a; Th. 149, 28; Gú. 768.
hús-fæst; adj. Having a house, being a householder :-- Ǽlc man húsfæst on his ówe land every man having a house on his own land, Chart. Th. 438, 5.
hús-heofon, es; m. A ceiling :-- Húshefen lacunar, Cot. 119, Lye.
hús-hláford, es; m. The master of a house :-- Secgeaþ ðam húshláforde dicetis patrifamilias, Lk. Skt. 22, 11.
hús-hleów, es; n. Shelter afforded by a house :-- Gif[e] his húshleów and mete and munde ðam ðe ðæs beþurfe let him give the shelter of his house and food and protection to him that needs it, L. Pen. 15; Th. ii. 282, 25.
húsian; p. ode To house, give shelter in a house :-- Féde þearfan and scrýde and húsige let him feed the needy and clothe and house them, L. Pen. 14; Th. ii. 282, 15. [Icel. húsa to shelter; hýsa to house.]
hús-incel, es; n. A small house, a habitation; domicilium, tabernaculum :-- Husincil tabernaculum, Rtl. 181, 5, 15. In húsincle in domicilio, Ps. Surt: húsincyle, Ps. Spl. C. 101, 7. [Cf. O. H. Ger. húsili domiclium, domuncula.]
húslian; p. ode To housel, to administer the sacrament :-- Hý mihton wel habban wíf on ðam dagum forðan ðe hý nǽfre ne mæssodon ne menn ne húslodon they might well have wives in those days for they never celebrated mass nor administered the Eucharist to men, L. Ælfc. C. 7; Th. ii. 346, 8. Wé lǽraþ ðæt ǽlc preósta seóce men húslige ðonne heom þearf sí, L. Edg. C. 65; Th. ii. 258, 10. Diaconus mót ðæt folc húsligan, L. Ælfc. C. 16; Th. ii. 348, 14. [Cf. Diaconus mót hláf sillan, L. Ælfc. P. 34; Th. ii. 378, 12.] Gif man biþ tó húsligenne, 29; Th. ii. 352, 31. [Orm. huslenn: Prompt. Parv. howselyñ wythe the sacrament communico, see note, p. 250: Piers P. Chauc. houseled; pp. cf. Shaks. un-houseled: Goth. hunslian to offer: Icel. húsla to give the Corpus Domini to a sick person.]
húslung, e; f. The administration of the sacrament :-- Æfter ðære húslunge gewát tó ðam lífigendan gode, Homl. Swt. 3, 622: Homl. Th. ii. 548, 9.
hús-rǽden, e; f. A house, family :-- Húsrǽden israhéles domus israel, Ps. Lamb. 113 [2nd], 9. Húsrǽdenne hire domus ejus, 47, 14.
hús-stede, es; m. The site of a building :-- Ðeós wyrt byþ cenned on ealdum hússtedum, Herb. 52, 1; Lchdm. i. 154, 25; 85, i; Lchdm. i. 188, 12. [O. Sax. hús-stedi: O. Frs. hús-stede: Icel. húsa-staðr: O. H. Ger. hús-stat.]
hús-ting, es; n. A word taken from the Scandinavians [Icel. hús-þing a council or meeting to which a king, earl or captain summoned his people or guardsmen], a meeting, court, tribunal, apparently so called from its being held within a building when other courts were held in the open air. The word occurs in the following passages [Latin] :-- Debet eciam in Londoñ, que caput est regni et legum, semper curia domini regis singulis septimanis die Lune hustingis sedere et teneri, L. Th. i. 457, 36. Ad folkemoth vel ad husteng, 463, 11. Non on hustenge neque in folkesmote, 503, 3. Ad pondus Hustingie Londonensis, Chart. Th. 533, 10. It is found also in English :-- Mid hundeahtigum marcan hwítes seolfres be hústinges gewihte, 329, 22. Hí [the Danes] leaddon ðone biscop tó heora hústinga, Chr. 1012; Erl. 146, 17.
hús-wist, e; f. A house, household :-- Ic ingange on ðínum húswiste ɫ into ðínum húse introibo in domum tuam, Ps. Lamb. 5, 8.
húðe [v. herehúðe], e; f. Prey, spoil, booty :-- Húðe hremig exulting in spoil, Elen. Kmbl. 297; El. 149: Beo. Th. 248; B. 124. Cómon tó Moyse mid micelre húðe adduxerunt prædam ad Moysen, Num. 31, 12. Se Chaldéa cining com ðá tó his earde mid ðære húðe, Ælfc. T. Grn. 8, 23: Cd. 174; Th. 220, 2; Dan. 65. Habbaþ nú ða húðe and ðæt orf eów gemǽne prædam vero et omnia animantia diripiens vobis, Jos. 8, 2: Cd. 97; Th. 127, 19; Gen. 2113: 98; Th. 129, 24; Gen. 2149. Húða mǽste greatest of spoils, Exon. 16 a; Th. 35, 35; Cri. 568. [Cf. Goth. hunths captivity: O. H. Ger. heri-hunda præda.] v. here-hýð.
húðe, tó in portum, Ps. Lamb. 106, 30. v. hýð.
hux-, husc-líc; adj. Ignominious, involving shame, scorn, insult :-- Huxlíc dedecor, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 21; Som. 10, 34. Ðá þuhte him tó huxlíc ðæt hé híran sceolde ǽnigum hláforde it seemed to him too ignominious to obey any lord, Ælfc. T. Grn. 2, 36. Ðá þuhte ðam heáhgeréfan huxlíc ðæt heó óðerne tealde tóforan his gebyrdum, Homl. Swt. 7, 24. v. husc.
hux-líce; adv. Ignominiously, disgracefully, unbecomingly :-- Ðone seó eorþlíce árleásnyss huxlíce tealde whom earthly impiety had disgracefully calumniated, Homl. Th. i. 48, 23. Ða ðe hí huxlíce hér on lífe gedrehton those who shamefully afflicted them in this life, Jud. 5; Thw. 156, 10. Gelǽdde ðone kining mid him swíðe huxlíce carried the king with him very ignominiously, Ælfc. T. Grn. 8, 20.
hwá; m, f; hwæt; n. Who; what. I. in direct questions [with indic. or subj.] :-- Quis hwá is werlíc hád que hwilc is wíflíc, cujus hwæs, cui hwam a quo fram hwam ... Gif ic cweðe quis hoc fecit hwá dyde ðis ðonne biþ se quis interrogativum ðæt is áxigendlíc, Ælfc. Gr. 18; Som. 21, 12-27. Hwá hwylc mann swá Drihten ondrǽt quis est homo qui timeat Dominum? Ps. Th. 24, 10. Hwá is moncynnes ðæt ne wundrie what man is there that does not admire? Bt. Met. Fox 28, 10; Met. 28, 5. Hwá þegna, 86; Met. 28, 43. Hwæt is se gewuldroda cyning quis est iste rex gloriæ? Ps. Th. 32, 10. Hwæt hátte Noes wíf what was Noe's wife called? Salm. Kmbl. 184, 28. Hwæt wénst ðú hwæt is ðes quis putas est iste? Mk. Skt. 4, 41; Lk. Skt. 5, 21. Hwæt ys ðes mannes sunu? Jn. Skt. 12, 34. Hwæt sind ðás búton þrymsetl heora Scyppendes what are these but thrones of their Creator? Homl. Th. i. 346, 11. Hwæt sind ða strangan? Ða beóþ strange and trume ðe þurh geleáfan wel þeónde beóþ, ii. 390, 22. Ðá cwæþ Isaac: Hwæt eart ðu? Hé andwirde: Ic eom Esau. Ðá cwæþ Isaac: Hwæt wæs se ðe mé ǽr brohte of huntoþe? Gen. 27, 32-3. Hwæt is se ðe ðé slóh quis est qui te percussit? Mt. Kmbl. 26, 68. Hwæt eom ic manna ðæt ic mihte god forbeódan what manner of man am I, that I could forbid God, Homl. Swt. 10, 191: Elen. Kmbl. 1802; El. 903: Beo. Th. 479; B. 237. Hwæt is þinga ðe bitere síe what thing is there that is bitterer? Past. 21; Swt. 164, 1. Hwæt næddercynna sí on eorþan how many kinds of snakes are there on the earth? Salm. Kmbl. 204, 7. Hwæt suna hæfde Adam what sons had Adam? 184, 31. Hwæt synt ðínum esne ealra dagena quot sunt dies servi tui? Ps. Th. 118, 84. Hwæt gódes dó ic quid boni faciam? Mt. Kmbl. 19, 16. Hwæt þincþ eów be Criste hwæs sunu ys hé quid vobis videtur de Christo? cujus est filius? 22, 42. Hunta ic eom. Hwæs? venator sum. Cujus? Coll. Monast. Th. 21, 7. Hwæs wénaþ se ðe nyle gemunan what does he expect that will not remember? Exon. 25 b; Th. 74, 1; Cri. 1200. Tó hwam gá wé ad quem ibimus? Jn. Skt. 6, 68. Bí hwon scealt ðú lifgan by what art thou to live? Exon. 36 b; Th. 118, 23; Gú. 244. For hwan nǽron eorþwelan gedǽled gelíce why have not earth's treasures been equally divided? Salm. Kmbl. 685, 693, 703; Sal. 342, 346, 351. For hwan gǽst ðú swá búton wæstme ðínes gewinnes? St. And. 24, 15: Ps. Th. 73, 11: 113, 5. For hwon sécest ðú sceade? Cd. 42; Th. 54, 7, 12; Gen. 873, 876. On hwam mæg man geseón mannes deáþ by what can one foresee a man's death? Salm. Kmbl. 206, 10. On hwan in quo? Ps. Th. 118, 9. Tó hwæm willaþ gé þider faran why will ye go thither? St. And. 6, 18. Tó hwam, Salm. Kmbl. 894; Sal. 446. Tó hwan, Soul Kmbl. 39; Seel. 17. Hwæne séce gé quem quæritis? Jn. Skt. 18, 7. For hwí quare? Ps. Th. 113, 5: Coll. Monast. Th. 24, 19. For hwí swá cur sic? 27. Tó hwi stande gé ídele why stand ye idle, Homl. Th. ii. 74, 35. Hwý biþ his anwald áuhte ðý mára gif hé náh his selfes geweald in what way will his power be at all the greater if he has not command over himself? Bt. Met. Fox 16, 39; Met. 16, 20. II. in dependent clauses :-- Gif ic cweþe nescio quis hoc fecit nát ic hwá ðis dyde ðon biþ se quis infinitivum ðæt is ungeendigendlíc. Gif ic cweþe tu scis quis hoc fecit ðú wást hwá ðys dyde ðon biþ se quis relativum ðæt is edlesendlíc, Ælfc. Gr. 18; Som. 21, 27-30. Hogodon georne hwá ǽrost mihte on fǽgean men feorh gewinnan strove eagerly who might first obtain the life of a 'fey' man, Byrht. Th. 135, 26; By. 124. Men ne cunnon secgan hwá dæm hlæste onféng, Beo. Th. 104; B. 52: Andr. Kmbl. 761; An. 381. Ic nú scortlíce secgan scyle hwá ðæs ordfruman wǽron I will now shortly tell who its authors were, Ors. 5, 9; Swt. 232, 18. Næfdon hwæt hí ǽton nec haberent quod manducarent, Mk. Skt. 8, 1. Ne rǽdde gé ðæt hwæt dauid dyde ðá hine hingrede nec hoc legistis quod fecit dauid cum esurisset, Lk. Skt. 6, 3. Ðonne sceal gehwá him æteówian hwæt hé mid ðam punde geteolod hæfþ, Homl. Th. ii. 558, 10. Gehiéren hwæt áwriten is, Past. 44; Swt. 323, 7: 45; Swt. 341, 12: 52; Swt. 405, 29. Geþince gé hwæt gé síen and hwelce gé síen pensa quod es, Past. 21, 4; Swt. 159, 14: 1, 3; Swt. 27, 23. Hé sǽde hyre hwæt heó man ne wæs he told her how she was not a man, Homl. Swt. 2, 78. Seó eorþe is tó wundrienne hwæt heó ǽrest oððe gódra þinga cenne mirandum est terra quantum aut bonarum rerum pariat, Nar. 2, 12. Mé wæs uncúþ hwæt ðæs ðám lícian wolde ðe æfter ús wǽren I did not know how much of it would please those that should be after us, L. Alf. 49; Th. i. 58, 22. Hit næs ná gesǽd hwæt Pirruses folces gefeallen wǽre, Ors. 4, 1; Bos. 77, 30. [Ðæt is ungeliéfedlíc tó gesecganne] hwæt ðæs ealles wæs what there was of it all, 5, 12; Swt. 240, 16: Chr. 1046; Erl. 171, 3. Hé nyste hwæt ðæs sóðes wæs he did not know how much truth there was in it, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 17, 33. Hý ne áhsedan hwæt ðæra gefarenra wǽre, ac hwæt heora ðonne tó láfe wǽre they did not ask how many were dead, but how many of them were then left, 4, 4; Bos. 80, 12. Ðá befran se sceaða hwæt hé manna wǽre. Homl. Th. ii. 502, 27: Cd. 64; Th. 77, 6; Gen. 1271. Saga hwæt ic hátte say what I am called, Exon. 102 b; Th. 387, 1; Rä. 4, 72, Ðæt hie geþencen hwæs folgeras hie sindon ut cujus sint sequaces agnoscant, Past. 47, 1; Swt. 357, 16. Wé cwǽdon hwæs se wyrðe wǽre ðe óðrum ryhtes wyrnde, L. Ed. 2; Th. i. 160, 10. Ic cýðe hwæs ic gean intó ealdan mynstre, Chart. Th. 333, 10: Andr. Kmbl. 290; An. 145. Swá wæs gemearcod hwam ðæt sweord geworht ǽrest wǽre so was marked for whom that sword was first wrought, Beo. Th. 3397; B. 1696. Ic ne can for hwam se streám ne mót stillan nihtes I know not why the stream cannot rest at night, Salm. Kmbl. 795; Sal. 397. Lyt ðú gemundest tó hwan ðínre sáwle þing siððan wurde little didst thou mind to what thy soul's condition would come, Soul Kmbl. 39; Seel. 20: Beo. Th. 4149; B. 2071. Sió hálige gesomnung þurh gesceádwísnesse gesiehþ of huan ǽlc costung cymeþ sancta ecclesia, quæ ex causis singulis tentamenta prodeant, per discretionem conspicit, Past. 11, 2; Swt. 65, 24. Ac ðú findst wið hwone ðú meaht flítan sed contra quos valeatis vos extendere, semper invenitis, 44, 8; Swt. 331, 5. Be hwý according to what principle, Chart. Th. 171, 7. Ic wundrige for hwý se góda God lǽte ǽnig yfel beón I wonder for what reason the good God allows any evil to exist, Bt. 36, 1; Fox 172, 4. For hwig, St. And. 32, 13. Frægn hí mid hwí hí gescildan heora hús he asked them what they protected their house with, Shrn. 90, 7. III. [an indefinite pronoun] any one, some one; anything, something :-- Gif hwá on cirican hwæt þeófige if any one steal anything in a church, L. Alf. pol. 6; Th. i. 66, 2. Gyf hwá eów ǽnig þingc tócwyþ si quis vobis aliquid dixerit, Mt. Kmbl. 21, 3. Nellaþ hí gelýfan ðeáh hwá of deáþe árise they will not believe, though one rose from death, Homl. Th. i. 334, 21: Bt. Met. Fox 10, 53; Met. 10, 27. Ðeáh ánra hwá ealles wealde ðæs íglandes though any one rule all that island, 16, 31; Met. 16, 16. Hwæt hwá óðrum tó wó gedó what any one does wrongfully to another, L. E. I. 35; Th. ii. 432, 26. Búton hwá þurh flánes flyht fyl genáme, Byrht. Th. 133, 56; By. 71. Gif hé næbbe hwæt hé selle if he have not anything to give, L. Alf. 24; Th. i. 50, 16. Ne furþum ne giémaþ hwæt hie dón oððe hwonne hie hwæt dón qui nequaquam, quæ quando agant, inspiciunt, Past. 39, 3; Swt. 287, 7. Ánes hwæt tó singanne to sing something, 46, 2; Swt. 347, 6: Beo. Th. 6013; B. 3010. Tó ðæm gleáw ðæt hé swelces hwæt tócnáwan cunne so skilled that he can distinguish in a matter of such a kind, Past. 52, 10; Swt. 411, 26. Blæc oððe won oððe swilces hwæt pale or livid or something of that kind, L. M. 1, 35; Lchdm. ii. 82, 13: Beo. Th. 1764: B. 880. Gif hwæt yfles on biþ, L. M. 2, 24; Lchdm. ii. 214, 13. Lytles hwæt, Ors. 3, 7; Swt. 120, 4: 3, 9; Swt. 136, 18. Gif friþgeard sí on hwæs lande if a 'friþgeard' be on any one's land, L. N. P. L. 54; Th. ii. 298, 16. Gif hwæs bróðor deád biþ si cujus frater mortuus fuerit, Mk. Skt. 12, 19. Ðonne ðæt mód hwæs wilnode tó witanne ðæs ðe hit ǽr for sweotole ongytan ne meahte, Shr. 164, 19. Ðeáh hwæm swá ne þince though to any one it seem not so, Bt. 20; Fox 70, 32. Rinca hwæm, Bt. Met. Fox 22, 56; Met. 22, 28. Oft hwæm gebyreþ ðæt hé hwæt mǽrlíces and wundorlíces gedéþ, Past. 4, 1; Swt. 39, 6: 40, 5; Swt. 297, 4. Hit biþ on ánes hwæm ðé unfæstre impar quisque invenitur ad singula, 4, 1; Swt. 37, 15. Sóna swá sacerda hwylc hwone on wóh gesyhþ directly any priest sees any one in error, L. E. I. 28; Th. ii. 424, 26. Ðeáh mon hwone gódra mid rihte herige, Bt. 30, 1; Fox 108, 8: Bt. Met. Fox 10, 1; Met. 10, 1: Beo. Th. 312; B. 155. IV. in combination with swá, whosoever, whatsoever, whatever :-- Swá hwá quicunque, Ælfc. Gr. 18; Som. 21, 37: swá hwá quisquis, 34. Swá hwá swá ðé genýt þúsend stapa quicunque té angariaberit mille passus, Mt. Kmbl. 5, 41: Cd. 22; Th. 28, 20; Gen. 438: 24; Th. 31, 10; Gen. 483. Swá hwæt swá hig woldon quæcumque voluerunt, Mt. Kmbl. 17, 12: Cd. 35; Th. 47, 4; Gen. 755. [Hí mósten césen of clerchádes man swá hwam (acc.) swá hí wolden, Chr. 1123; Erl. 250, ii. V. taking the place of the earlier se :-- Hé wið ðone cyng geworhte for hwan hine se cyng ealles benǽmde he acted against the king; on which account the king deprived him of everything, 1104; Erl. 239, 31: 1110; Erl. 243, 15: 1117; Erl. 246, 21.] [Laym. wha; whæt, what, wat: Orm. wha; whatt: A. R. hwo; hwat: O. and N. hwo, wo; hwat, what, wat: R. Glouc. wo; wat: Ayenb. huo; huet: Chauc. Piers P. who; what: Goth. hwas, m: hwó; f: hwa; n: O. Sax. hwe; hwat: O. Frs. hwa; hwet: Icel. hvar; hvat: O. H. Ger. hwer; hwaz: Ger. wer; was: Lat. quis; quid.] v. hwæt, hwý; ge-whá.
hwæcca a chest, hutch :-- Corn-hwæcca area frumentaria, Lye. [Piers P. (A. ) Til perneles porfyl be put in heore whucche, iv. 102: Allit. Poems Alle woned in the whichche (ark) þe wylde & þe tame, 49, 362: Jos. of Arith. Make a luytel whucche, 2, 39: Prompt. Parv. whyche or hoche, hutche cista, archa, pp. 242, 255, see note on latter page.]
hwæder, hweder; adv. Whither: -- Hwæder gá ic ego quo ibo, Gen. 37, 30. Ic gesette him hwæder hé búgan sceal constituam tibi locum, in quem fugere debeat, Ex. 21, 13. Gif hé eów áxie hweder gé willon si interrogaverit 'quo vadis?' Gen. 32, 17. [Goth. hwadre whither.] v. hwider.
hwæg, hwæig, hweg, es; n. [?] Whey: -- Hwæg serum, Wrt. Voc. 290, 36. Ðeówan wífmen hwæig on sumera to a servant maid shall be given whey in summer, L. R. S. 9; Th. i. 436, 32. Sceáphyrdes riht is ðæt hé hæbbe ... blede fulle hweges oððe syringe ealne sumor, 14; Th. i. 438, 25. DER. cýse-, wring-hwæg.
hwæl, es; m. A whale :-- Hwæl batena vel cete vel cetus vel pistrix, Ælfc. Gl. 101; Som. 77, 54; Wrt. Voc. 55, 57. Hwæl cætus, Ælfc. Gr. 8; Som. 7, 31. Se hwæl biþ micle læssa ðonne óðre hwalas the walrus is much less than other whales, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 18, 3. On ðæs hwæles innoþe in venire ceti, Mt. Kmbl. 12, 40. Hwæles éðel the sea, Andr. Kmbl. 548; An. 274: Exon. 82 a; Th. 309, 20; Seef. 60: Chr. 975; Erl. 126, 22; Edg. 48. Bí ðam miclan hwale concerning the great whale, Exon. 96 b; Th. 360, 10; Wal. 3. God ðá gegearcode ǽnne hwæl and hé forswealh ðone wítegan, Homl. Th. i. 246, 12. Wilt ðú fón sumne hwæl? Nic. For hwi? Forðam plyhtlíc þingc hit ys gefón hwæl vis capere aliquem cetum? Nolo. Quare? Quia periculosa res est capere cetum, Coll. Monast. Th. 24, 15-22. Hé gesceóp ða micclan hwalas, Lchdm. iii. 234, 12. [Icel. hvalr: O. H. Ger. wal balæna, cetus, Grff: i. 839.] v. hors-hwæl.
hwǽl :-- On hwǽl hreópon [hwreopon, MS.] herefugolas the birds of war screamed as they wheeled round, Cd. 150; Th. 188, 1; Exod. 161. [Cf. Icel. hvel.] v. hwél in hweogul.
hwæla, an; m. A whale :-- Hé is on middon hwælan hiwes he is of a whale's shape in the middle, Salm. Kmbl. 527; Sal. 263.
hwæl-hunta, an; m. A whale-hunter, whale-fisher, whaler :-- Hwælhunta cetarius, Ælfc. Gl. 101; Som. 77, 55; Wrt. Voc. 55, 59. Ðá wæs hé swá feor norð swá ða hwælhuntan firrest faraþ was as far north as the whalers ever go, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 17, 12.
hwæl-huntaþ, es; m. Whale-fishing, whaling :-- On his ágnum lande is se betsta hwælhuntaþ, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 18, 5.
hwæl-mere, es; m. The sea, Exon. 101 a; Th. 382, 2; Rä. 3, 5: Andr. Kmbl. 739; An. 370.
hwǽr [or hwær?], hwar; adv. Where. I. in direct questions :-- Gyf ic cweþe ubi posuisti meum librum, hwǽr lédest ðú míne bóc ðonne is se ubi interrogativum ðæt is áxigendlíc, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Som. 40, 60. Hwǽr ys se Judéa cyning ðe ácenned ys ubi est qui natus est rex Judæorum? Mt. Kmbl. 2, 2. Hwǽr cwom mearg hwǽr cwom mago hwǽr cwom máððumgyfa where is the steed gone, where the rider, where the giver of treasure? Exon. 77 b; Th. 291, 34; Wand. 92: Cd. 213; Th. 267, 11; Sat. 36. II. in dependent clauses :-- Gif ic cweþe tu scis ubi liber tuus est ðonne biþ ubi relativum. Gif ic cweðe nescio ubi inveniam meum librum, nát ic hwǽr ic finde míne bóc, ðonne biþ se ubi infinitivum, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Som. 40, 61. Ic næbbe hwǽr ic mǽge ealle míne wæstmas gegaderian I have not where I may gather together all my fruits, Homl. Th. ii. 104, 16: Mt. Kmbl. 8, 20. Hí gesáwon hwǽr hé ða deádan tó lífe árǽrde, Homl. Th. ii. 414, 8: Cd. 32; Th. 41, 35; Gen. 667. Hwǽr mon unsófte getilaþ on forewearde ða ádle where the treatment is severe in the early stage of the disease, L. M. 2, 46; Lchdm. ii. 260, 15. Lóca hwǽr ðæt blód útwealle see where the blood wells out, Lchdm. iii. 142, 15: 226, 13. Ðá frægn wuldres aldor cain hwǽr abel eorþan wǽre the Prince of glory asked Cain where on earth Abel was, Cd. 48; Th. 61, 26; Gen. 1003. Ic séce míne gebróðru hwar hig healdon hyra heorda, Gen. 37, 16. III. indefinite, anywhere, somewhere :-- Gyf hý hwǽr hit tóbræcaþ if they violate it anywhere, L. Ælfc. C. 34; Th. ii. 356, 16: Homl. Th. i. 170, 18: 482, 26. Gif se líchoma hwǽr mid hefiglícre hǽto sý gebysgod, Herb. 2, 6; Lchdm. i. 82, 8. Swǽ gelǽrede biscepas swǽ swǽ nú wel hwǽr [or welhwǽr] siendon bishops so learned as now are nearly everywhere, Past. pref. Swt. 9, 5: Chr. 897; Erl. 95, 19. Elles hwǽr elsewhere, Beo. Th. 277; B. 138. Hý writon hwǽr ánne dóm hwǽr óðerne they wrote at one place one doom, at another another, L. Alf. 49; Th. i. 58, 16. IV. combined with swá, wheresoever, wherever :-- Swá hwǽr swá hold biþ ubicunque fuerit corpus, Mt. Kmbl. 24, 28. Swá hwǽr swá hé on wíc oððe on túnas eode quocunque introibat in vicos vel in villas, Mk. Skt. 6, 56. Swá hwǽr swá ubicunque, 14, 9. [A. R. hwar; O. and N. hwar, war: Orm. whær: Laym. whær, wher: Chauc. Wick. Piers P. wher: Ayenb. huer: Goth. hwar: O. Sax. hwár: O. Frs. hwér: Icel. hvar: O. H. Ger. hwár.] DER. á-, ǽ-, ǽg-, ge-, gewel-, ná-, nát-, ó-, wel-hwǽr.
hwæs; adj. Sharp, keen :-- Hí hwæsne beág ymb mín heáfod heardne gebýgdon they encircled my head with a crown sharp and hard [the crown of thorns], Exon. 29 a; Th. 88, 23; Cri. 1444. [Goth. hwass-aba sharply: Icel. hvass sharp.] Cf. hwæt.
hwǽstrian, hwǽstrung. v. hwástrian, hwástrung.
hwæt; neut. of hwá, used as an adv. or interj. Why, what! ah!-Be ðæs folces heringe ic nát hwæt wé ðæs fægniaþ as regards popular applause, I know not why we rejoice at it, Bt. 30, 1; Fox 108, 22. Hwæt befealdest ðú folmum ðínum bróðor ðínne why hast thou felled thy brother with thy hands? Cd. 48; Th. 62, 6; Gen. 1010: Andr. Kmbl. 1257; An. 629. Hwæt ðú leóda feala forleólce and forlǽrdest how many people hast thou deceived and seduced! 2726; An. 1365: Beo. Th. 1064; B. 530. Hwæt iudas hét ðá settan ðæt líc ah! then Judas bade them put down the body, H. R. 13, 26. Hwæt mé ðín hand ðyder lǽdeþ etenim illuc manus tua deducet me, Ps. Th. 138, 8. Hwæt ðá Sem and Jafeth dydon ánne hwítel on hira sculdra at vero Sem et Japheth pallium imposuerunt humeris suis, Gen. 9, 23. Hwæt ðú éce God O! thou eternal God, Bt. Met. Fox 20, 7; Met. 20, 4: 20, 92; Met. 20, 46. Hwæt ðú eart se sylfa God ðe ús ádrife fram dóme nonne tu Deus qui repulisti nos? Ps. Th. 107, 10. Hwæt wé nú gehýraþ ah! now we learn, Cd. 45; Th. 57, 36; Gen. 939. Hwæt wé gefrunon twelfe tíreádige hæleþ lo! we have heard of twelve glorious heroes, Andr. Kmbl. 1; An. 1: Beo. Th. 1; B. 1: Cd. 143; Th. 177, 27; Exod. 1: Rood Kmbl. 1; Kr. 1. Eá lá hwæt! Bt. Met. 4, 49; Met. 4, 25. [So O. Sax. hwat: Icel. hvat: O. H. Ger. waz cur, quid, quare.] v. hwá, hú.
hwæt; adj. Quick, active, vigorous, stout, bold, brave :-- Sum biþ tó horse hwæt one is a bold rider, Exon. 79 b; Th. 298, 7; Crä. 81. Nis mon ofer eorþan tó ðæs hwæt ðæt hé á his sǽfóre sorge næbbe there is no man on earth so bold as never to have anxiety for his journey on the sea, 82 a; Th. 308, 16; Seef 40. Ne scyle se hwata esne ymb ðæt gnornian hú oft hé feohtan scule virum fortem non decet indignari, quoties increpuit bellicus tumultus, Bt. 40, 3; Fox 238, 10: Beo. Th. 6048; B. 3028. Hwatum Heorowearde, 4328; B. 2161. Hwate Scyldingas, 3206; B. 1601: 4111; B. 2052. Hý beóþ heortum þý hwætran they will be the stouter of heart, Exon. 107 a; Th. 408, 30; Rä. 27, 20. Ðéh ðe Sciþþie hæfdon máran monmenie and self hwætran wǽron cum Scythæ et numero et virtute præstarent, Ors. 3, 7; Swt. 116, 25. Ðone cræftgestan dǽl and ða hwatestan men ealles ðises middangeardes fortissimas mundi partes, 1, 10; Swt. 48, 6. Of ðǽm hwatestan monnum Germanie from the bravest men of Germany, Swt. 48, 14. [O. E. Homl. hwat, wat: Laym. whæt, wat: Ayenb. huet: O. Sax. hwat: Icel. hvatr.] DER. ár-, bearhtm-, bléd-, dǽd-, dóm-, flyht-, fyrd-, gold-, gúþ-, leód-, mód-, sund-, swíð-hwæt; and see hwæs, hwettan.
HWǼTE, es; m. WHEAT :-- Hwǽte triticum, Wrt. Voc. 287, 17. Grǽg hwǽte far, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 17; Som. 9, 52. Þurh ða gemetgunge hwǽtes per mensuram tritici, Past. 63; Swt. 459, 13. Fyrsas ða ðe willaþ derian clǽnum hwǽte, Bt. Met. Fox 12, 9; Met. 12, 5. Hé hí fédde mid hwǽte, Ps. 80, 15. Tó ðæm ðæt hé him tó tíde gemetlíce gedǽle ðone hwǽte ut det illis in tempore tritici mensuram, Past. 63; Swt. 459, 13. Fullne hwǽte on ðam eare plenum frumentum in spica, Mk. Skt. 4, 28. Hwǽtas frumenta, Ælfc. Gr. 13; Som. 16, 10. On hwǽtum frumento, Ps. Th. 64, 14. [Orm. whæte: Ayenb. huete: Piers P. whete: Goth. hwaiteis: O. L. Ger. huéte: Icel. hveiti; n: Dan. hvede: O. H. Ger. hwaizi triticum, frumentum: Ger. weizen.] DER. hláf-hwǽte.
hwæt-eádig; adj. Successful in war [cf. other compounds of eádig] :-- Biþ se hwæteádig wíggeweorþod se ðe ðæt wicg byrþ he shall be successful and honoured in war whom that steed bears, Elen. Kmbl. 2388; El. 1195.
hwǽte-corn, es; n. A grain of wheat :-- Genim hnutcyrnla and hwǽtecorn take nut-kernels and grains of wheat, L. M. 1, 2; Lchdm. ii. 34, 19. [O. E. Homl. hwete-corn: Icel. hveiti-korn.]
hwǽte-cynn, es; n. Wheat-kind :-- Hé ðé gesadade mid ðý sélestan hwǽtecynnes holde lynde adipe frumenti satiat te, Ps. Th. 147, 3.
hwǽte-gryttan; pl. Coarse wheaten meal :-- Hwǽtegryttan apludes vel cantalna [= cantabra], Ælfc. Gl. 50; Som. 65, 124; Wrt. Voc. 34, 53.
hwæte-healm es; m. The straw or stalk of wheat :-- Genim hwǽte-healm and gebærn tó duste, L. M. 1, 60; Lchdm. ii. 130, 14.
hwǽte-land, es; m. Wheat-land, land for growing wheat upon :-- Ðæt hæft se arcebisceop genumen tó hwǽtelande, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 159, 23.
hwǽte-melu, wes; n. Wheaten meal or flour :-- Mid hwǽtemelwe, L. M. 3, 65; Lchdm. ii. 354, 12. [Icel. hveiti-mjöl.]
hwǽten; adj. Wheaten :-- Hwǽten hláf siligeneus vel triticeus panis, Ælfc. Gl. 66; Som. 69, 63; Wrt. Voc. 41, 19. Ic secge eów ðæt hwǽtene corn wunaþ ána búton hyt fealle on eorþan and sý deád dico vobis nisi granum frumenti cadens in terram mortuum fuerit ipsum solum manet, Jn. Skt. 12, 24. Mid hwǽtenan meluwe, Herb. 184, 4; Lchdm. i. 322, 13. Of hwǽtenum mealte geworht, iii. 74, 3. Hwǽtenne hláf, L. M. 1, 53; Lchdm. ii. 126, 1: Ps. Th. 77, 25. On hwǽtene wyrte in wheaten wort, L. M. 2, 57; Lchdm. ii. 268, 12. Nim hwǽten corn, L. M. 1, 75; Lchdm. ii. 150, 8. cxx hwǽtenra hláfa, Chart. Th. 460, 15.
hwǽte-smedeme, an; f. Fine wheaten flour :-- Hunig and hwǽte-smedman, Lchdm. iii. 18, 5.
hwǽte-wæstm, es; m.[?] Corn; frumentatio, Ps. Vos. 77, 29, Lye.
hwæðer; pron. I. which of two :-- Hwæðer ðara twegra dyde ðæs fæder willan whether of them twain did the will of his father? Mt. Kmbl. 21, 31. Hwæðer ys máre ðe ðæt gold ðe ðæt templ ðe ðæt gold gehálgaþ whether is greater, the gold or the temple that sanctifieth the gold? 23, 17, 19. Hwæðer wǽre twegra strengra wyrd ðe warnung? Salm. Kmbl. 853; Sal. 426. Gebíde gé hwæðer sél mǽge wunde gedýgan uncer twega, Beo. Th. 5054; B. 2530. Hwæðres ðonne ðara yfelra is betre ǽr tó tilianne búton swæðres swæðer frécenlícre is quæ igitur pestis ardentius insequenda est, nisi quæ periculosius premit? Past. 62, 1; Swt. 457, 21. Hwæðres biþ hira folgoþ betra? Salm. Kmbl. 740; Sal. 369. Hwæðerne wylle gé ðæt ic forgyfe eów of ðísum twám whether of the twain will ye that I release unto you? Mt. Kmbl. 27, 21. Ðá befran Pilatus hwæðerne hí gecuron Hǽlend oððe Barraban? Homl. Th. ii. 252, 12. Nást ðú hwæðer beóþ ðæs rícan mannes bán hwæðer ðæs þearfan thou knowest not which are the rich man's bones, which the poor one's, Homl. Th. i. 256, 16. II. one or other of two, either :-- Hie hit gesund begen ágifan swá hit hwæðer hiora ǽr onfénge búton hiora hwæðer þingode ðæt ... let them both return it sound as either of them may have before received it, unless either of them made a condition that..., L. Alf. pol. 19; Th. i. 74, 11: Bt. Met. Fox 5, 81; Met. 5, 41. Gif hwá tó hwæðrum ðissa geniéd síe if any one be forced to either of these, L. Alf, pol. 1; Th. i. 60, 3. Tó manigenne sint ða gesomhíwan ðeáh hira hwæðrum hwæt-hwugu hwílum mislícige on óðrum ðæt hie ðæt geþyldelíce forberen admonendi sunt conjuges, ut ea, in quibus sibi aliquando displicent, patientes invicem tolerent, Past. 51, 3; Swt. 395, 32. III. each of two, both :-- Hwæðer hát and ceald hwílum mencgaþ both heat and cold at times mingle, Cd. 216; Th. 273, 5; Sat. 132. IV. in combination with swá, whichever of two :-- Heora eáþmetto ne mihton náuht forstanden ne húru heora ofermetta dydon swá hwæþer swá hý dydon their humility availed naught nor indeed did their pride, whichever course they followed, Bt. 29, 2; Fox 106, 1. Bí swá hwaðerre efes swá hit ðonne fierdleás wæs on whichever border there was then no force, Chr. 894; Erl. 90, 13. On swá hwæðere hond on whichever hand, Beo. Th. 1376; B. 686. Drihtenes áre oððe deófles þeówet swá hwæðer wé geearniaþ hér on lífe, Hy. Grn. ii. 289, 99; Hy. 7, 99. [Laym. whaðer: O. and N. hweþer: Chauc. whether: Goth. hwaþar: O. Sax. hweðar: O. Frs. hweder: Icel. hvárr: O. H. Ger. hwedar.] DER. á-, ǽg-, ná-, nó-hwæðer; and see swæðer.
hwæðer, hweðer; conj. Whether, I. in direct questions :-- Hwæðer ic móte lybban óþ ðæt ic hine geseó may I live till I see him? Homl. Th. i. 136, 30. Hwæðer gé willen on wuda sécan gold ðæt reáde? Bt. Met. Fox 19, 9, 29; Met. 19, 5, 15. Hwæðer ðe ðín eáge mánful ys forðam ðe ic gód eom an oculus tuus nequam est, quia ego bonus sum? Mt. Kmbl. 20, 15. Hwæðer cweþe wé ðe úre ðe ðæra engla shall we say ours or the angels? Homl. Th. i. 220, 20. Cwyst ðú hwæðer ic hyt sí numquid ego sum? Mt. Kmbl. 26, 25. II. in dependent clauses :-- Lǽtaþ ðæt wé geseón hwæðer elias cume sinite videamus si veniat helias, Mk. Skt. 15, 36. Gregorius befran hwæðer ðæs landes folc cristen wǽre ðe hǽðen. Homl. Th. ii. 120, 23. Hí nysten hwæðer hé on Godes mihte ða þing worhte ðe þurh deófles cræft, Guthl. 17; Gdwin. 70, 17. Swíðe hræðe æfter ðon hé gecýðde hwæðer hé mǽnde ðe ðæs módes fóster ðe ðæs líchoman qui hoc in loco pastionem cordis an corporis suaderet, aperuit, Past. 18, 6; Swt. 137, 18. Hwæðer hit sig ðe sóþ ðe leás utrum vera an falsa sint, Gen. 42, 16. Josep áxode hig hwæðer hira fæder wǽre hál oððe hwæðer hé lyfode ille interrogavit eos dicens: Salvusne est pater vester? adhuc vivit? 43, 27. Sceáwiaþ ðæt land hwæðer hit wæstmbǽre sí ... and hwæðer ðæt landfolc sí tó gefeohte stranglíc oððe untrumlíc, feáwa on getele hwæðer ðe fela, Num. 13, 19-20. [O. Sax. hweðar: O. Frs. hweder; Icel. hvárt: O. H. Ger. hwedar.] v. preceding word.
hwæðere, hwæðre, hwæððre, hweðre; adv. Yet, however, nevertheless :-- Ac nǽnig hwæðere him gelíce dón ne mihte but none however could do like him, Bd. 4, 24; S. 596, 39. Hwæðere ðú meaht mé singan attamen mihi cantare habes, 597, 15. Hwæðere for fremsumnysse tamen pro benignitate, 1, 27; S. 493, 7. Hwæðere verumtamen, Ps. Th. 61, 5, 9: 67, 21. Ðeáh ðe ... hwæðere although ... yet, Beo. Th. 3441; B. 1718. Ne ðú hweðere on móde milde weorþest eallum non miseraris omnibus, Ps. Th. 58, 5. Nó hweðere reste fand did not find rest however, Cd. 72; Th. 87, 30; Gen. 1456. Hwæþre hé getrymede heora geleáfan mid ðon heofonlícon weorce ðeáh hie ðæt word ðæs heofonlícan gerýnes ne ongeáton, Blickl. Homl. 17, 7. Hwæðre ðeáh however, Bt. Met. Fox 20, 108; Met. 20, 54. Hwæðre swá ðeáh, Beo. Th. 4876; B. 2442. Hwæððre, Past. 56, 2; Swt. 431, 26. Hweðre, Blickl. Homl. 125, 31: 207, 34. v. ðeáh-hwæðere.
hwæðere, hwæðre [= hwæðer]; conj. Whether, Exon. 37 b; Th. 123, 15; Gú. 323: Beo. Th. 2632; B. 1314.
hwæt-hwega, -hwigu, -hugu; pron. and adv. [cf. use of something in Shakspere.] Something, somewhat, a little :-- Sing mé hwæthwegu canta mihi aliquid, Bd. 4, 24; S. 597, 12. Hwæthugu wundurlícre hálignesse aliquid miræ sanctitatis, 3, 9; S. 534, 1. Hwæthwegu seldcúþes something strange, Bt. 34, 4; Fox 138, 28. Hwæthwygo aliquid, Nar. 1, 18. Ic hwæthwugo on bócum geleornode, 39, 19. Huodhuoegu aliquid, Jn. Skt. Lind. 7, 4. Hwæthwega paulisper, parumper, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Som. 41, 65. Hé hwæthwego fram ðam wage ða limu áhóf, Guthl. 20; Gdwin. 82, 27; Homl. Th. ii. 90, 29. Hwæthwega ufor gán, 32, 22. Hwæthwegu tódǽled somewhat separated, Bt. 34, 6; Fox 142, 14. Hwæthwiga aliquantulum, Ps. Th. 89, 15. Hwæthwygu, 93, 8. Hwæthwugu, Bt. Met. Fox 221; Met. 20, 111.
hwæt-hweganunges, -hwugununges, -huguningas; adv. Somewhat :-- Hwæthweganunges [MS. Cot. -hwugununges] aliquantum, Bt. 11, 1; Fox 30, 27. Hwæthwegnunges, 11, tit; Fox xii. 10. Ða niétenu ðonne beóþ hwæthuguningas [MS. Cote. -hwugununges] from eorþan áhæfen in animalibus vero jam quidem cogitationes aliquantulum a terra suspensæ, Past. 21, 3; Swt. 155, 15.
hwæt-hwoegno; pron. Anything, something; aliquid, Jn. Skt. Rush. 7, 4. v. hwæt-hwega.
hwæt-líce; adv. Quickly, speedily :-- Gehýr mé hwætlíce exaudi me, Ps. Th. 137, 4. Hwætlícor citius, Coll. Monast. Th. 31, 23. [Icel. hvat-liga quickly.]
hwæt-mód; adj. Stout-hearted, bold :-- Hæleþ hwætmóde men stout of heart, Elen. Kmbl. 2009; El. 1006: Exon. 55 b; Th. 197, 3; Az. 184.
hwæt-ness, e; f. Quickness, agility :-- Seó fægernes and seó hwætnes dæs líchoman geblissaþ ðone mon pulcritudo atque velocitas videntur præstare celebritatem, Bt. 24, 3; Fox 84, 8.
hwæt-rǽd; adj. [?] Strong of purpose or counsel :-- Hwætréd, hygeróf, Exon. 124 a; Th. 477, 5; Ruin. 20.
hwæt-scipe, es; m. Quickness, boldness, bravery, valour :-- Oft mon biþ swíðe rempende and rǽsþ suíðe dollíce on ǽlc weorc and hrædlíce and ðeáh wénaþ men ðæt hit síe for arodscipe and hwætscipe sæpe præcipitata actio velocitatis efficacia putatur, Past. 20, 1; Swt. 149, 13. For hiora cræftum and for hiora hwætscipe iówra selfra anwald[es] eóweres unþonces habban mehton by their strength and valour might have had dominion over you against your will; armis vindicare potuissent, Ors. 1, 10; Swt. 48, 21. Sinope tóeácan hiere hwætscipe and hiere monigfealdum duguþum hiere líf geendade on mægþháde Sinope singularem virtutis gloriam perpetua virginitate cumulavit, Swt. 46, 24.
hwall; adj. Procax, Cot. 171, Lye. [O. H. Ger. hwell procax; hwelli pertinacia.]
hwalwa [= hwalfa?] devexus, Cot. 67, Lye. v. hwealf.
hwamm, hwomm, es; m. A corner :-- Heáfod hwommys caput anguli, Ps. Spl. C. 117, 21. Huommes, Mk. Skt. Lind. 12, 10: Lk. Skt. Lind. 20, 17. Ðá eode út of ðæs karcernes hwomme swíðe egeslíc draca then came a very horrible dragon out of a corner of the prison, Nar. 43, 13. Hwommona heágost caput anguli, Ps. Th. 117, 21. On ðínes húses hwommum in lateribus domus tuæ, 127, 2. In hwommum worþana in angulis platearum, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 6, 5. Ofer ealle heá hwommas super omnes angulos excelsos, Past. 35, 5; Swt. 245, 7. v. hwemm.
hwam-stán, es; m. A corner-stone :-- In heáfut huomstánes in caput anguli, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 21, 42.
hwanan, hwanon, hwonan, hwanone; adv. Whence. I. in direct questions :-- Interrogativa synd áxigendlíce, unde hwanan, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Som. 41, 58. Hwanon hæfde hé coccel unde habet zizania? Mt. Kmbl. 13, 27. Hwanun wát ic þis unde hoc sciam? Lk. Skt. 1, 18. Hwanone sceoldest ðú specan on Hebréisc how should you speak in Hebrew? Nicod. 4; Thw. 2. 27. II. in dependent clauses :-- Hí spyredan hwæt and hwonan hé wæs investigantes unde vel quis esset, Bd. 1, 33; S. 499, 12. Ic ne wát hwonon his cyme sindon I know not whence is his coming, Exon. 50 b; Th. 175, 18; Gú. 1196. Hwanan, Beo. Th. 4798; B. 2403. Ðá næfde hé hwanon hé his wer águlde he had not means to pay his 'wer,' Chart. Th. 207, 36. [Laym. whanene: O. and N. wanene, hwenene, hwenne: Ayenb. huannes: Chauc. whennes: O. Sax. hwanan: O. H. Ger. hwanan, hwanana: Ger. wannen.] DER. ǽg-, ge-, ná-, ó-hwanon.
hwanne, hwænne, hwonne; adv. When. I. in direct questions :-- Quando venisti hwænne cóm ðú? is interrogativum, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Som. 40, 64. Hwonne ǽr beó deád oððe hwænne his nama áspringe quando morietur, et peribit nomen ejus? Ps. Th. 40, 5. II. in dependent clauses :-- Quando ero doctus hwænne beó ic gelǽred, is infinitivum, Som. 40, 65. Sege ús hwænne ðás þing gewurdon dic nobis quando ista fient, Mk. Skt. 13, 4: Mt. Kmbl. 2, 7. Þincþ him tó lang hwænne hé beó genumen of ðyses lífes earfoþnyssum it seems to him too long [to the time] when he shall be taken from the troubles of this life, Homl. Th. i. 140, 9. Lǽt gebídan beornas ðíne hwænne ðú eft cyme let thy men await the time of thy return, Andr. Kmbl. 800; An. 400. Ðá wæs ðæt hé sorgiende bád hwonne seó ádl tó him cóme qui cum sollicitus horam accessionis exspectaret, Bd. 3, 12; S. 537, 6. Hit biþ long hwonne se hláford cume moram facit Dominus meus venire, Past. 17, 8; Swt. 121, 12. Hit earfoþe is ǽnegum menn tó witanne hwonne hé geclǽnsod síe it is difficult for any man to know when he is cleansed, 7, 2; Swt. 51, 5. Sǽles bídeþ hwonne ǽr heó cræft hyre cýðan móte it waits for the time for displaying its art [cf. O. Sax. that werod béd hwan ér the fródo man gifrumid habdi waldandes willeon], Exon. 108 b; Th. 413, 29; Rä. 32, 13. III. indefinite, at some time :-- Se ilca ús wile nú hwonne eft mid eallum egesan gesécan the same will visit us again at some time with all terror, Blickl. Homl. 123, 32. [Laym. whenne, wonne: Orm. whanne: O. and N. hwanne, wonne: A. R. hwonne, hwon: Wick. whanne: Chauc. whan: Goth. O. Sax. hwan: O. H. Ger. hwanne, hwenne quando, aliquando: Ger. wann.]
hwarne, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 8, 30. v. hwergen.
hwast, es; or [?] hwasta, an; m. An effeminate person [?], a eunuch :-- Hwastas molles, Som. Huastana eunuchorum, Mt. Kmbl. p. 18, 9.
hwástrian, hwǽstrian; p. ede To whisper, murmur, mutter :-- Ágén mé hwǽstredun ealle fýnd mine adversum me susurrabant omnes inimici mei, Ps. Lamb. 40, 8. Huǽstredon murmurabant, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 20, 11: Lk. Skt. Lind. 19, 7: Jn. Skt. Lind. 6, 41, 61. Huǽstria murmurari, 6, 43. Huǽstrende murmurantem, 7, 32. [Cf. hwisprian, hwistlian; and Icel. hvískra, hvísla to whisper.]
hwástrung, hwǽstrung, e; f. A whispering, murmuring, muttering :-- Þurh hwástrunge per susurrationem, Confess. Peccat. Huǽstrung micel murmur multus, Jn. Skt. Lind. 7, 12. [Cf. Icel. hvískran a whispering.]
hwat, es; n. Augury, divination :-- Ne gímon hwata ne swefna non augurabimini nec observabitis somnia, Lev. 19, 26. Wé lǽraþ ðæt preósta gehwilc forbeóde hwata and galdra we enjoin that every priest forbid auguries and incantations, L. Edg. C. 16; Th. ii. 248, 3. v. hwatung.
hwata, an; m. An augur, diviner :-- Warna ðé ðæt ðú ne gíme drýcræfta ne swefena ne hwatena nec inveniatur in te, qui ariolos sciscitetur et observet somnia et auguria, Deut. 18, 10. v. fugel-hwata.
hwatend iris illyrica. Lchdm. iii. 334, col. 1.
hwatung, e; f. Divination :-- Álýfed nys ídele hwatunga tó begánne permissum non est vanas divinationes exercere, L. Ecg. P. ii. 23, title; Th. ii. 180, 36. Nis ná sóðlíce álýfed nánum cristenum men ðæt hé ídele hwatungá begá swá hǽðene men dóþ dæt is ðæt hig gelýfon on sunnan and on mónan and on steorrena ryne and sécon tída hwatunga hyra þing tó begynnanne homini christiano certe non est permissum vana auguria facere, uti gentiles faciunt, id est, quod credant in solem et lunam, et in cursum stellarum; et auguria temporum exquirant, ad negotia sua incipienda, 23; Th. ii. 190, 30-3. Gif hwá hwatunga begá si quis divinationes exerceat, iv. 19; Th. ii. 210, 11. v. hwat.
hwealf, e; f. An arched or vaulted covering :-- Under heofenes hwealf under the vault of heaven, Beo. Th. 1156; B. 576: 4034; B. 2015. Behealde hé hú wídgille ðæs heofenes hwealfa bíþ late patentes ætheris cernat plagas, Bt. 19; Fox 68, 22. Hú wídgil sint heofones hwealfe, Bt. Met. Fox 10, 13; Met. 10, 7. Hwalf clima, Cot. 56, Lye. [Icel. hválf; n. a vault; the concavity of a shield.] v. heofon-hwealf.
hwealf; adj. Arched, vaulted, concave [of a shield] :-- Hwealfum lindum. Judth. 11; Thw. 24, 29; Jud. 214. v. preceding word.
hwealfian to arch, vault, Som. [Icel. hwelfa to arch, vault.]
hwearf, es; m. A crowd, troop, band of people :-- Hwearfum þringan to press in crowds, Judth. 12; Thw. 25, 8; Jud. 249: Exon. 36 a; Th. 118, 3; Gú. 234. [O. Sax. hwarf a crowd. Cf. hweorfan; and gang a number of people (in its connection with the verb gangan).]
hwearf, hwerf, es; m. A turn, space, change, exchange, that which is exchanged :-- Be hwearfe. Nán man ne hwyrfe nánes yrfes bútan ðæs geréfan gewitnesse ... Gif hit hwá dó fó se landhláford tó ðam hwearfe Of exchange. Let no man exchange any property without the witness of the reeve ... If any one do so let the lord take possession of the property exchanged, L. Ath. i. 10; Th. i. 204, 16-21. In huarf in spatio, Lk. Skt. Lind. 24, 13. Huelc seles monn hwerf fore sáuel his quam dabit homo commutationem pro anima sua, Mt. Kmbl. 16, 26. Huoerf, Mk. Skt. Lind. 8, 37. Gif huerf gie sellas si mutuum dederitis, Lk. Skt. Lind. 6, 34. Huoerf, 35. Ðæt wharfe and ðæt foreward pactionem et commutationem, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iv. 241, 37. [Cf. O. Frs. hwarf, werf (with numerals) achte werf octies: O. H. Ger. sibun warb septies; hwarba motus, vicis, Grff. iv. 1235. Cf. the use of síþ in A. S. and the corresponding forms in other dialects, and the use of gang in Danish and Swedish, with numerals.] v. ge-hwearf, hwearf-líce.
hwearf, es; m. A wharf, bank, shore :-- Ðá gyrnde ðæt hé móste macian foran gén Mildryþe æker ǽnne hwerf wið ðon wódan tó werianne then he desired that he might make a bank opposite Mildred's fold for protection against floods [?], Chart. Th. 341, 7. v. mere-hwearf.
hwearf; adj. Turning about, shifting, veering, changeable :-- Norþan wind heaþogrim and hwearf a wind from the north deadly fierce and whirling in eddies, Beo. Th. 1100; B. 548. Thorpe, Kemble, Heyne read andhwearf = came against [us]; Grein takes and hwearf, and compares Icel. hverfr shifty. The word may describe a strong wind often shifting its direction and whirling round with violent gusts. Cf. ge-hweorf; hwerf-líc.
hwearfian; p. ode To turn, change, roll about, revolve, wander, move, toss about :-- Ic nú giet hwearfige mé self on ðǽm ýðum mínra scylda adhuc in delictorum fluctibus versor, Past. 65, 7; Swt. 467, 22. Ǽlc gesceaft hwearfaþ on hire selfre swá swá hweól and tó ðam heó swá hwearfaþ ðæt heó eft cume ðǽr heó ǽr wæs every creature turns on itself as a wheel, and it so turns to the end that it may come again where it was before: repetunt proprios quæque recursus, redituque suo singula gaudent, Bt 25; Fox 88, 32: Bt. Met. Fox 13, 150; Met. 13, 75. Hé biþ fremede freán ælmihtigum englum ungelíc ána hwearfaþ he shall be a stranger to the almighty Lord, unlike angels, alone shall he wander, Salm. Kmbl. 70; Sal. 35. Drihtnes stíge hwearfaþ aa wísra gewyrdum Ascension-day ever changes according to the rules of the learned, Menol. Fox 131; Men. 65. Wé hwearfiaþ heánlíce we wander abjectly, Exon. 13 a; Th. 23, 21; Cri. 372. Hálige englas ðǽrábútan hwearfiaþ holy angels hover round about the place, L. C. E. 4; Th. i. 360, 34. Ðú wást hú ða woruldsǽlþa hwearfiaþ ... hwí ne hwearfost ðú mid him thow knowest how worldly blessings change ... why dost thou not change with them? Bt. 7, 2; Fox 18, 6. Swá swá on wǽnes eaxe hwearfiaþ ða hweól as the wheels turn on the axle of a waggon, 39, 7; Fox 220, 32. Gúþ hwearfode the battle rolled on [or could guþ here be taken as a person, one of the Valkyrias, and hwearfode = hover about, as in the passage above, L. C. E. 4?], Cd. 149; Th. 187, 29; Exod. 159. Fana hwearfode on sceafte the banner waved on its staff, Bt. Met. Fox 1, 20; Met. 1, 10. Hwæt is ðé ðæt ðú ðǽrmid ne ne hwearfige why shouldest thou not change with them? Bt. 7, 3; Fox 22, 22, Nis ǽnegu gesceaft ðe ne hwearfige swá swá hweól déþ, Met. Fox 13, 147; Met. 13, 74. Hwearfode, 20, 411; Met. 20, 206. Hwearfian, Bt. 33, 4; Fox 132, 11. Heán hwearfian to wander abject, Andr. Kmbl. 1781; An. 893. Fóran hwearfigende [hwearfiende, MS. Coll.] geond ðæt wésten they went wandering through the desert; per vasta deserti evagatur, Ors. 6, 31; Swt. 286, 19. [Goth. hwarbón to go about: O. Sax. hwarƀón: Icel. hvarfa to wander about: O. H. Ger. (hwarbón versari.]
hwearf-líce; adv. In turn :-- Huoerflíce vicissim, Lk. Skt. p. 10, 6.
hwearft, es; m. A circuit, circle, revolution :-- Hwæt bíðaþ gé on hwearfte why do ye stand round waiting? Exon. 15 a; Th. 32, 12; Cri. 511. Under heofones hwearfte under heaven's circuit, 110 b; Th. 424, 3; Rä. 41, 33. Brádne hwearft the broad expanse [of the sky], 53 b; Th. 187, 29; Az. 38. Ymb wintra hwearft after years have rolled on, Th. 188, 5; Az. 41. v. ymb-hwearft, hwyrft.
hwearftlian; p. ode To turn round, roll round, revolve, move about, rove :-- Ic hwearftlige verso, Ælfc. Gr. 37; Som. 39, 15. Ða eágan ðe nú þurh unálýfedlíce gewilnunga hwearftliaþ the eyes that now rove through unallowed desires, Homl. Th. i. 530, 31. Se cwyrnstán ðe tyrnþ singallíce and nǽnne færeld ne þurhtíhþ getácnaþ woruldlufe ðe on gedwyldum hwyrftlaþ and nǽnne stæpe on Godes wege gefæstnaþ the millstone that is continually turning and makes no progress, betokens worldly love, that goes round and round in errors and takes no firm step in the way of God, 514, 21. Micel trúwa hwearftlode on Petres heortan great trust was revolving in Peter's heart, 392, 34.
hwearfung, e; f. A turning, revolution, change, exchange, barter :-- Ðé wæs ðeós hwearfung betere forðam ðe ðissa woruldsǽlþa tó wel ne lyste this change was more tolerable to thee, because thou didst not take too much pleasure in temporal blessings, Bt. 7, 3; Fox 22, 23. On midre ðisse hwearfunga, Fox 22, 19. Ðæt tácnaþ ceápunge and hwearfunge that betokens chaffer and barter, Lchdm. iii. 156, 6. Ne miht ðú ðara woruldsǽlþa hwearfunga onwendan nor canst thou avert the revolutions of worldly happiness, Bt. 7, 2; Fox 18, 37. v. hwerfung.
hwega. v. hú-, hwæt-, hwilc-hwega.
hwelan, hwylan; p. hwæl To roar, bellow :-- Streámwelm hwileþ the surf roars, Andr. Kmbl. 990; An. 495. [Cf. Icel. hvellr a shrill sound; hwellr shrill.] v. on-hwelan; hwelung,
hwele putrefaction, Som. [Prompt. Parv. whele or whelke [whelle] pustula.] v. next word.
hwelian; p. ode, ede To turn to matter; in pus converti :-- Ðanon se andiga hwelaþ inde invidus contabescit, Lchdm. iii. 365, col. 1. Gif ðæt líc heard sí útan lege on ðane lǽcedom ðe ðæt heard forði hwelige and ðæt yfel út teó if the body be hard on the outside apply such leechdom as the hard part may turn to matter thereby, and may draw out the mischief, L. M. 2, 59; Lchdm. ii. 282, 23. [Prompt. Parv. whelyñ, as soorys pustulo.] v. ge-hweled; hwele.
HWELP, es; m. A WHELP, a young dog, the young of other animals; catulus :-- Hund canis, hwylp catulus, Wrt. Voc. 78, 53. Hwelp catulus [leonis], Ps. Th. 16, 11. Ða hwelpas etaþ of ðám crumum ðe of hyra hláforda beódum feallaþ catelli edunt de micis quæ cadunt de mensa dominorum suorum, Mt. Kmbl. 15, 27: Mk. Skt. 7, 28. [Laym. whelp: Orm. (leness) whellp: A. R. hweolp: Prompt. Parv. whelp, lytyl hownde catellus, catulus: O. Sax. hwelp: Icel. hvelpr: Dan. hvalp: O. H. Ger. hwelf the young of animals (lion, tiger, ape).] DER. león-, wæl-hwelp.
hwelung, e; f. Sound, noise :-- Hwelung clangor tubæ, Cot. 109, Lye. v. hwelan.
hwem, hwemm, es; m. A corner, angle :-- Hwæt fremaþ ðære burhware ðeáh ðe ðæt port beo trumlíce on ǽlce healfe getimbrod gif ðǽr biþ án hwem open forlǽten ðæt se onwinnenda here þurh ðam infær hæbbe what does it avail the citizens, though the town be firmly built on every side, if a corner be left open, so that the assailing host may have entrance through it? Homl. Th. ii. 432, 4. Hwæm angulus Ps. Spl. T. 117, 21. Ða feówer hwemmas ealles middangeardes the four corners of the whole world, Homl. Th. i. 130, 21: ii. 252, 3. v. hwamm.
hwem-dragen; adj. Sloping, not perpendicular :-- Wæs ðæt ilce hús hwemdragen nalas æfter gewunan mennisces weorces ðæt ða wagas wǽron rihte ac git swíðor on scræfes onlícnesse ðæt wæs æteówed that same house had sloping walls, not at all after the custom of men's work so that the walls should be perpendicular, but it appeared much more like a cave, Blickl. Homl. 207, 17. v. next word.
hwemman; p. de To slope, incline :-- Hí hwemdon ðá mid ðam scypon wið ðæs norþlandes they inclined then with the ships towards the north shore, Chr. 1052; Erl. 184, 25.
hwéne, hwǽne [= hwoene]; adv. A little, somewhat :-- Hwéne ǽr a little before, Bt. 23; Fox 78, 27. Hwéne ǽror, Homl. Th. i. 358, 24. Hwéne wíddre ðonne bydenfæt somewhat wider than a bushel measure, Blickl. Homl. 127, 6. Hwéne rúmedlícor paulo latius, Past. 12; Swt. 75, 17. Nioþor hwéne somewhat lower, Beo. Th. 5392; B. 2699. Hwǽne heardor and strangor paulo districtius, Bd. 1, 27; S. 490, 12. Hwǽne ǽr, Shrn. 50, 13. Hwǽne gangende progressus pusillum, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 26, 39. Hwoene læssan paulo minus, Ps. Stev. 8, 6. [In Cumberland Dialect wheen, whun a few: Scot. quheyne few; quhene a small number; wheen a number.] v. hwón.
hweogul, hweowol, hweohl, hweól, es; n. A wheel :-- Se firmamentum went on ðam twám steorrum swá swá hweogel [hweogul, MS. L; hweowul, MSS. R. P.] tyrnþ on eaxe the firmament turns on those two stars just as a wheel turns on an axle, Lchdm. iii. 270, 22. Swá swá hweowol ut rotam, Ps. Spl. 82, 12. Wǽnes hweowol a waggon-wheel, Shrn. 32, 12. Swá swá yrnende hweowol, Hexam. 5; Norm. 8, 29. Ðære sunnan hweogul solis rota, Hymn. Surt. 22, 25. Hweól rota, Ælfc. Gl. 2; Som. 55, 48; Wrt. Voc. 16, 20. Ðæt hweól hwerfþ ymbútan. Bt. 39, 7; Fox 220, 29. Ðæt unstille hweól ðe Ixion wæs tó gebunden ðæt óþstód, 35, 6; Fox 168, 31. Ðæs hweohles [hweoles, MS. Cott.] felga, 39, 7; Fox 222, 19. On hweóhle in rota, Ps. Spl. 76, 17. Hwél in hwélum rota in rota, Mt. Kmbl. p. 9, 20. [A. R. hweol: Ayenb. hueʒel: Orm. wheol, whel: Icel. hvel, hjól: Dan. Swed. hjul. Zacher in his 'Das Gothische Alphabet,' pp. 114-5, compares the two forms hweol, hweogel with the Greek GREEK, GREEK ( = GREEK) respectively, and so does not write hweól. See also Grmm. D. M. p. 664, where hweol is taken as corresponding to a Gothic hwil.]
hweóled; adj. Provided with wheels :-- Héhhwiólad wǽn a waggon having high wheels, Lye.
hweól-fág; adj. Circular and ornamented [applied to a dress] :-- Hwiólfág cyclas, Cot. 49, Lye.
hweorfa, an; m. Something which turns, a joint, a whorl [of a spindle] :-- Hweorfa vertuba, Wrt. Voc. 65, 16. Hwerfa vertigo, Ælfc. Gl. 74; Som. 71. 49; Wrt. Voc. 44, 32 [in both cases the words occur among names of parts of the body -- the two following are found among words connected with spinning]. Hweorfa verticillum, Wrt. Voc. 66, 16: vertelum, 281, 72. Nim ðone hweorfan ðe wíf mid spinnaþ bind on his sweoran take the whorl that women spin with, bind it on his neck, L. M. 3, 6; Lchdm. ii. 310, 21. [Halliwell quotes Kennett's description of whorle, 'the piece of wood put upon the iron spindle to receive the thread.' Cf. O. H. Ger. hwerbo vortex, vorago.] v. þeóh-hweorfa.
hweorfan, hworfan, hwurfan To turn, change, go, return, depart, go about, wander, roam, hover about :-- Nǽfre ic from hweorfe ac ic mid wunige áwa tó ealdre I will never go from you, but I will dwell with you for ever, Exon. 14 b; Th. 30, 8; Cri. 476. Ðú hweorfest of hénþum in gehyld godes thou shalt pass from humiliations into the favour of God, Andr. Kmbl. 233; An. 117. Mín folc hider hweorfeþ revertetur huc populus meus, Ps. Th. 72, 8: Exon. 76 a; Th. 284, 27; Jul. 703. Siððan heó ofer brim hweorfeþ after it [the sun] goes beyond the ocean, 93 b; Th. 351, 17; Sch. 81: 110 a; Th. 422, 13; Rä. 41, 5. Gé tó mé on hyge hweorfaþ ye turn to me in thought, 98 a; Th. 366, 2; Reb. 6. On hinderling hweorfaþ míne feóndas convertentur inimici mei retrorsum, Ps. Th. 55, 8: 69, 3. On heora ágen dust æfter hweorfaþ in pulverem suum revertentur, 103, 27. Hí tówrecene wíde hweorfaþ ipsi dispergentur, 58, 15. Hweorfaþ æfter heorþe they walk along the floor of the furnace, Exon. 55 b; Th. 196, 18; Az. 176. Swá hweorfaþ gleómen so gleemen roam about, 87 a; Th. 326, 28; Víd. 135. Ðá seó scyld ðá tó his heortan hwearf ad cor suum rediit, Bd. 4, 25; S. 599, 35. Ierre hé hwearf ðonan tó his ágnum, Chr. 584; Erl. 18, 25. Hé ána hwearf mondreámum from he went alone from human joys [i.e. died], Beo. Th. 3433; B. 1714. Hwearf geond ðæt healreced Hæreðes dóhtor, 3965; B. 1981. Hé hwearf æfter wegum he went along the roads, Blickl. Homl. 199, 13: Beo. Th. 5657; B. 2832. Hwearf ðǽr Hróðgár sæt, 717; B. 356. Fæder ellor hwearf, 110; B. 55: Judth. 10; Thw. 23, 9; Jud. 112. Hwærf him dá tó heofenum hálig drihten the holy Lord returned to heaven, Cd. 13; Th. 16, 7; Gen. 240. Hwearf eft tó his ágnum biscopdóme, Chr. 813; Erl. 60, 22. Hé hwearf be wealle he went along the wall, Beo. Th. 3150; B. 1573: 2380; B. 1188. Hengest hwearf him on láste Hengest went after them, Fins. Th. 35; Fin. 17. Gástas hwurfon sóhton engla éþel spirits went and sought the angels' country, Andr. Kmbl. 1280; An. 640. Hyssas hále hwurfon in ðam hátan ofne the men walked unharmed in that hot furnace, Cd. 188; Th. 233, 5; Dan. 271. Bláce hworfon sceaþan hwearfdon, 214; Th. 269, 11; Sat. 71. Ǽr hí on tú hweorfon before they separated, Andr. Kmbl. 2102; An. 1052. Hweorfon ða hǽðenan hæftas fram ðám hálgan cnihton the heathen slaves went from the holy youths, Cd. 187; Th. 232, 28; Dan. 267. Hweorfaþ eft tó mé return to me, Blickl. Homl. 235, 16. Him his gebed hweorfe tó fyrenun oratio ejus fiat in peccatum, Ps. 108, 6. Ðý læs hé for wlence of gemete hweorfe and forhycge heánspédigran lest from pride he depart from moderation and despise the more scantily endowed, Exon. 78 b; Th. 294, 35; Crä. 25. Ǽr hé on weg hwurfe gamol of geardum, Beo. Th. 534; B. 264. Hogedon georne ðæt ǽ godes ealle gelǽste and ne áwácodon wereda drihtne ne ðan má gen [(?) þan mægen, Th: heánmægen, Grem: mægenhwyrfe, Btwk.] hwyrfe in hǽðendóm they strove earnestly to perform all God's law, and not to be apostate from the Lord of hosts any more than to turn to heathendom, Cd. 183; Th. 229, 22; Dan. 221. Hwonne se dæg cume ðæt hé sceolde ðæs ealles ídel hweorfan when the day comes that he must depart having nothing of it at all, Blickl. Homl. 97, 26. Ðæt ic meahte hweorfan ymbe ðinne ðone hálgan alter circumdabo altare tuum, Ps. Th. 25, 6: Cd. 32; Th. 42, 5; Gen. 669. Ðam þegne ongan his hige hweorfan the man's mind began to change, 33; Th. 44, 8; Gen. 706. Hweorfan fram helltrafum tó fægeran gefeán, Andr. Kmbl. 3378; An. 1693. Hé lǽteþ hworfan monnes módgeþonc he lets the mind of man roam, Beo. Th. 3461; B. 1728. Hweorfan, Exon. 77 b; Th. 290, 29; Wand. 72. Hámleás hweorfan to wander homeless, 110 a; Th. 420, 25; Rä. 40, 9. Ic seah searo hweorfan giellende faran, 108 b; Th. 414, 29; Rä. 33, 3: Cd. 219; Th. 281, 11; Sat. 270: 215; Th. 272, 16; Sat. 120. On wræc hweorfan, 43; Th. 57, 15; Gen. 928: 48; Th. 62, 15; Gen. 1014. Of gesyhþe ðínre hweorfan to go from thy presence, 50; Th. 63, 21; Gen. 1035. Ðæt hé in ðone grimman gryre gongan sceolde hweorfan gehýned. Exon. 41 a; Th. 136, 20; Gú. 544. Com on sefan hwurfan swefnes wóma, Cd. 177; Th. 222, 25; Dan. 110. Hie wǽron eft hám hweorfende they were returning home, Blickl. Homl. 67, 10. Ðá wæs Maria eft hweorfende tó hire húse, 139, 3. Hie ymb ðæt fuhton on hweorfendum sigum Samniticum bellum ancipiti statu gestum, Ors. 3, 5; Swt. 106, 3. In the following passage the verb is transitive :-- Fulwiaþ folc hweorfaþ tó heofonum baptize people and turn them to heaven, Exon. 14 b; Th. 30, 25; Cri. 485. [Goth. hwairban to walk; O. Sax. hwerƀan to go, wander: O. Frs. hwerva: Icel. hverfa: O. H. Ger. hwerban redire, reverti, remeare, ambulare.] DER. á-, æt-, be-, ge-, geond-, on-, tó-, ymbe-hweorfan; v. hwerfan. [Cf. Mod. E. walk, went.]
hweorf-, hwyrf-, hwer-bán, es; n. A joint [of the back], vertebra, [of the knee], the knee-cap :-- Hwyrfbán vertibulum, Ælfc. Gl. 11; Som. 57, 43; Wrt. Voc. 19, 46. Hwerbán vertibulum vel vertebra, 74; Som. 71, 50; Wrt. Voc. 44, 33. Hweorbán vertibula, Wrt. Voc. 283, 38. Hwiorfbán, Lchdm. ii. 396, col. 1. [Cf. Prompt. Parv. whyrle-bone, or hole of a joynt anca, vertebrum, vertibulum, and see note, p. 524: Scot. whorle-bane hip-joint: Ger. wirbel-bein vertebra.]
hweoðerian, hwoðerian; p. ode To roar, be tempestuous :-- Se brym hwoðerode under his fótswaðum the sea roared under his footsteps, Homl. Th. ii. 388, 19. v. hwiða.
hweoðerung, e; f. Murmuring; murmuratio, Lye.
hwer, es; m. A kettle, pot, basin, caldron, cooking-vessel :-- Hwer lebes; cyperen hwer cucuma, Ælfc. Gl. 26; Som. 60, 84, 83; Wrt. Voc. 25, 24, 23. Moab mínes hyhtes hwer Moab olla spei meæ, Ps. Th. 59, 7. Ðá hét se cásere meltan on hwere leád and pic and hé hét ðone cniht on ðæs hweres welm ásetton the emperor ordered lead and pitch to be melted in a caldron, and ordered the young man to be put into the boiling of the caldron, Shrn. 91, 7. Áwyl ða wyrte on hwere boil the plants in a pot, L. M. 1, 32; Lchdm. ii. 76, 18. Ǽnne sylfrene hwer on v pundon a silver basin of five pounds, Chart. Th. 558, 35. Ðǽr wǽron inne geseted hweras and pannan and hé clypte ða hweras and cyste ða pannan ðæt hé wæs eall sweart and behrúmig pots and pans had been put in there, and he embraced the pots and kissed the pans, so that he was all black and sooty, Shrn. 69, 27, 30. [Icel. hverr a caldron, boiler; hverna a pan, basin.]
hwerf, hwerfa. v. hwearf, hweorfa.
hwerfan, hwierfan, hwirfan, hwyrfan; p. de; pp. ed. I. to turn, revolve, move about, go, return, depart :-- Óþ ðæt dú eft hwyrfest tó him until thou shalt return to him, Blickl. Homl. 233, 29. Mannes sáwl hweóle gelícost hwærfeþ ymbe hý selfe man's soul, just like a wheel, revolves about itself, Bt. Met. Fox 20, 422; Met. 20, 211. Hwærfþ, 434; Met. 20, 217. Hwerfeþ, 28, 30; Met. 38, 15. Hwyrfeþ, Exon. 103 b; Th. 394, 3; Rä. 13, 12. Hægl hwyrft of heofones lyfte hail whirls down from the sky, Runic pm. 9; Kmbl. 341, 5. Hí hám hwyrfaþ domum redeunt, L. Ecg. P. i. 14; Th. ii. 178, 6. Cynna gehwylcum ðara ðe cwice hwyrfaþ for every race that living moves, Beo. Th. 197; B. 98. Hig eft syððan tógædere hwyrfdon postea iterum se conjunxerint, L. Ecg. P. iv. 8; Th. ii. 206, 8. Hie eft hwirfdon tó hiora ealdormannum they returned to their rulers, Blickl. Homl. 239, 29. Hwearfdon geond ðæt atole scref roamed through that horrid den, Cd. 214; Th. 269, 13; Sat. 72. Gehwá hám hwyrfe let every one return home, L. E. I. 24; Th. ii. 422, 1. On gemynd hwyrfe unrihtwísnys fædera his in memoriam redeat iniquitas patrum ejus, Ps. Spl. 108, 13. Hwyrf eft on ða ceastre go again to the city, Blickl. Homl. 249, 8. Wæs eft hwyrfende was returning, 199, 6: 207, 30: 249, 12. Ðæt hwerfende hweól the revolving wheel, Bt. 7, 2; Fox 18, 35. II. to turn, change [trans. and intrans.] :-- He hwierfde his stemne nales his mód vocem, non mentem mutavit, Past. 36, 7; Swt. 257, 18. Adame his hyge hwyrfde and his heorte ongann wendan tó hire willan Adam's mind changed, and his heart began to turn to her desire, Cd. 33; Th. 44, 28; Gen. 716. Ðeáh ðe his leóht gelómlíce hwyrfe though its light change frequently, Lchdm. iii. 242, 16. Hwærfe hia convertantur, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 13, 15. Hiora heortan hé ongan hwyrfan convertit cor eorum, Ps. Th. 104, 21. Hwý ðú woldest ðæt seó wyrd swá hwyrfan sceolde cur tantas lubrica versat fortuna vices? Bt. 4; Fox 8, 12. III. to exchange, barter [with gen.] :-- Aðelwold bisceop and Wulfstán Uccea hwyrfdon landa on Eádgáres cyninges gewytnesse bishop Athelwold and Wulfstan Uccea exchanged lands with the witness of king Edgar, Chart. Th. 230, 1. Nán man ne hwyrfe nánes yrfes bútan ðæs geréfan gewitnesse let no man exchange any property without the witness of the reeve, L. Ath. i. 10; Th. i. 204, 17. Nán man ne bycge ne hwyrfe [hwirfe, MS. H.] búton hé gewitnesse hæbbe let no man either buy or barter unless he have a witness, L. Eth. 1, 3; Th. i. 282, 26. Huerfa mutuari, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 5, 42. [Laym. whærven; p. whærfde: Orm. wherrfedd perverse: O. Sax. gi-hwerƀian to turn, change: Icel. hverfa; p. hverfði to turn: O. H. Ger. hwarbian; p. hwarpta versare, rotare, redire, convertere, revertere, Grff. iv. 1233.] DER. á-, be-, for-, ge-, on-, ymb-hwerfan; and see hweorfan, hwearfian.
hwerfel. v. sin-hwerfel. [O. H. Ger. sin-hwerbal rotundas, teres.]
hwerfere, es; m. A changer, trader. [O. H. Ger. werbare negotiator.] v. pening-hwerfere.
hwerf-líc; adj. Changeable, shifting, not enduring :-- Hú hwerflíce ðás woruldsǽlþa sint quam sit mortalium rerum misera beatitudo, Bt. 11, 1; Fox 32, 37. [O. H. Ger. hwarb-, hwerb-líh versatilis, volubilis: cf. Icel. hwerfull shifty, changeable] v. hwearf; adj.
hwerflung, e; f. Wandering, error :-- Hwærflung error, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 24, 24. [Cf Icel. hvarfla to wander.] v. hwurf.
hwerfung, e; f. Change, mutation, vicissitude :-- Hwæt singaþ ða leóþwyrhtan óðres be ðisse woruld búton mislíca hwerfunga ðisse worulde quid tragœdiarum clamor aliud deflet, nisi indiscreto ictu fortunam felicia regna vertentem? Bt. 7, 3; Fox 22, 21. v. hwearfung.
hwergen; adj. Somewhere :-- Elles hwergen elsewhere, somewhere else, Beo. Th. 5173; B. 2590. [O. Sax. O. H. Ger. hwergin usquam, alicubi: cf. Icel. hwargi wheresoever.]
hwer-hwette, an; f. A cucumber :-- Hwerhwette cucumer, Ælfc. Gl. 40; Som. 63, 99; Wrt. Voc. 30, 47. Hwerwette, L. M. 1, 23; Lchdm. ii. 66, 9. Hwerhwettan gesihþ on swefnum untrumnysse getácnaþ if a man sees in dreams a cucumber it betokens illness, Lchdm. iii. 200, 16.
hwerwe a plant name, perhaps colchicum autumnale: -- Ða greátan wyrt hwerwe hátte, L. M. 2, 52; Lchdm. ii. 268, 22. [Cf. Ðeós wyrt de man hieribulbum and óðrum naman greáte wyrt nemneþ, Herb. 22, 1; Lchdm. i. 118, 13. v. Lchdm. ii. 396, col. 1.]
hwésan; p. hweós To wheeze, make a noise in breathing, to breathe hard :-- Gif hé mid earfoþnysse hwést if he breathes with difficulty, Lchdm. iii. 122, 3. Hé hwést swýðe hefelíce, 126, 9. Hé egeslíce hweós he wheezed terribly, Homl. Th. i. 86, 1. [Icel. hvæsa to hiss.]
hwet-stán, es; m. A whetstone :-- Hwetstán cos, Ælfc. Gl. 58; Som. 67, 100; Wrt. Voc. 38, 25: Ors. 4, 13; Bos. 100, 30. Nim ðonne hwetstán brádne then take a broad whetstone, Lchdm. iii. 16, 21. [O. H. Ger. wezi-stein, cos; Ger. wetz-stein.]
hwettan; p. te To WHET, sharpen, instigate, urge, incite, excite :-- Ic hwette acuo, Ælfc. Gr. 28; Som. 30, 48: Exon. 103 b; Th. 393, 1; Rä. 12, 3. Se lǽce his seax hwæt the physician sharpens his knife, Past. 26, 3; Swt. 187, 5. Úsic lust hwætep desire urges us, Andr. Kmbl. 571; An. 286. Ðurh ðæt his mód hweteþ by that means excites his mind, Salm. Kmbl. 988; Sal. 495: Exon. 82 a; Th. 309, 26; Seef. 63: 83 b; Th. 314, 23; Mód. 18. Hwettaþ hyra blódigan téþ they whet their bloody teeth, L. E. I. prm; Th. ii. 396, 6. Ic hig hwette tó fleánne I instigated her to fly, Shrn. 41, 25. Swá ðín sefa hwette, Beo. Th. 985; B. 490. Hwetton higerófne, 413; B. 204. Hý hwetton exacuerunt, Blickl. Gloss. [Laym. whætte; p.: Icel. hvetja to whet, incite: O. H. Ger. wezzen acuere, exacuere, provocare: Ger. wetzen.] DER. á-, ge-hwettan.
Hwiccas, Hwicceas, and Hwiccan [?] or [?] Hwicce [cf. Seaxe]; pl. The people of a small state which extended over Gloucestershire, Worcestershire, and part of Warwickshire :-- Ðæt is geseted in Huicca mægþe in ðære stówe ðe mon háteþ Weogernaceaster it is situated in the province of the Hwiccas, in the place that is called, Worcester, Chart. Th. 28, 31. Férde ðá in Hwicca mægþe ðǽr wæs ðá Ósríc cyning divertit ad provinciam Huicciorum cut tunc rex Osric præfuit, Bd. 4, 23; S. 594, 22. Wilfrid is Hwicna biscop provinciæ Huicciorum Vilfrid episcopus, 5, 23; S. 646, 22. Ðý ilcan dæge rád Æþelmund aldorman of Hwiccium [Hwiccum MS. E.] ofer æt Cynemǽres forda. Ðá métte hine Weoxtan aldorman mid Wilsǽtum, Chr. 800; Erl. 60, 5. Seó cwén ðære nama wæs Æbbe on hire mægþe ðæt is on Hwyccum wæs gefullad regina nomine Eabæ in sua, id est, Huicciorum provincia fuerat baptizata, Bd. 4, 13; S. 582, 16.
hwider; adv. Whither [in direct interrogation, or in dependent clauses] :-- Hwider wylt ðú quo vadis? Gen. 16, 8: Deut. 1, 28. Hwyder gǽst ðú quo vadis? Jn. Skt. 13, 36. Ðú nást hwanon hé cymþ ne hwyder hé gǽþ non scis unde veniat et quo vadat, 3, 8: 12, 35. [O. and N. hwider, wider: Ayenb. huider: Laym. whuder, woder: Gen. and Ex. quider: Wick. whidir.] v. hwæder.
HWÍL, e; f. A WHILE, space of time :-- Wæs seó hwíl micel it was a great while, Beo. Th. 295; B. 146. Ðá wæs hwíl dæges ǽr hé ðone grundwong ongytan mihte it was a day's space ere he might feel the bottom, 2995; B. 1495. Ǽr dæges hwíle before day-time, 4630; B. 2320. On dæges hwíle in the day-time, Cd. 191; Th. 238, 4; Dan. 349. Crist on dære hwíle tó helle gewende Christ during that time [while in the tomb] went to hell, Homl. Th. i. 26, 35. In hwíle tíde in momenta temporis, Lk. Skt. Lind. 4, 5. Tó hwíle lǽn momentum, Ælfc. Gl. 15; Som. 58, 47; Wrt. Voc. 21, 36. Bétan tó hwíle to make better for a time, L. M. 3, 62; Lchdm. ii. 348, 21. Tó langre hwíle for a long while, Cd. 24; Th. 31, 22; Gen. 489. Tó litelre hwíle. Homl. Th. i. 64, 14. Tó suíðe scortre hwíle. Past. 36, 6; Swt. 255, 11. Ða hwíle his lífes vivendi spatia, 2; Swt. 249, 25. Ða hwíle ðisses andweardan lífes the time of this present life, Bt. 18, 3; Fox 66, 4. Ða hwíle ðe his líf [tíma, l. 20] wæs, Chr. 1016; Erl. 155, 18. Sume hwíle some time, 1055; Erl. 190, 12. Góde hwíle ðone here gefliémde put the Danes to flight for a good while, 837; Erl. 66, 8. Nú is ðínes mægnes blǽd áne hwíle for a while, Beo. Th. 3528; B. 1762. Ǽnige hwíle, 5090; B. 2548. Ealle hwíle all the while, Byrht. Th. 140, 47; By. 304. Nú hwíle just now, Blickl. Homl. 109, 6. Grendel wan hwíle wið Hróðgár Grendel strove for a time with Hrothgar, Beo. Th. 306; B. 152: 211; B. 105. Ða ðe on carcerne hwíle wunedon. Andr. Kmbl. 262; An. 131. Man gíslade ða hwíle hostages were given the while, Chron. 994; Erl. 133, 29. Ða hwíle ðe ðú eart on wege mid him dum es in via cum eo, Mt. Kmbl. 5, 25. Ðá besæt sió fierd hie ðǽr útan ða hwíle ðe hie ðǽr lengest mete hæfdon the English force besieged the Danes there as long as ever they had provisions there, Chr. 894; Erl. 90, 29. Hwíle mid weorce hwíle mid worde hwíle mid geþohte at one time with deed, at another with word, at another with thought, Hy. 3, 44-5; Hy. Grn. ii. 282, 44-5. Ðæs ungeendodan lífes hwila æternitatis infinita spatia, Bt. 18, 3; Fox 66, 5. [O. and N. hwile: A. R. hwule: Orm. while: Laym. while, wile: Goth. hweila: O. Sax. hwíla: O. Frs. hwíle: O. H. Ger. hwíla hora, momentum: Ger. weile: cf. Icel. hvíla a bed; hvíla rest.] DER. bearhtm-, dæg-, earfoþ-, gesceap-, gryre-, hand-, langung-, orleg-, rót-, sige-, þræc-, wræc-hwíl. v. hwílum.
hwilc, hwylc, hwelc; pron. I. which, who, of what kind, [in direct questions] :-- Quis hwá is werlíc hád, que, hwilc is wíflíc, quod, hwile nis náðres cynnes; cujus hwilces; cui hwilcum; quem virum laudas hwilcne wer herast ðú; a quo fram hwilcum. Pluraliter qui hwilce; quorum hwilcera; quibus hwilcum; quos laudas hwilce herast ðú; a quibus fram hwilcum ... Qualis hwile getácnaþ þreó þingc interrogationem and infinitionem and relationem. Gif ic cweðe qualis est rex hwilc is se cingc, ðon biþ hé interrogativum ... Ðú cwyþst qualis est ille hwilc is hé, ic cweðe talis est swilc hé is, Ælfc. Gr. 18; Som. 21, 12-18, 57-63. Hwylc man is of eów quis est ex vobis homo? Mt. Kmbl. 7, 12. Hwylc þearf is ðé húsles quid opus est Eucharistia? Bd. 4, 24; S. 598, 37. Hwá is úre Fæder? Se Ælmihtiga God. And hwilcera manna Fæder is he? Swutelíce hit is gesǽd, yfelra manna. And hwilc is se Fæder? who is our Father? The Almighty God. And of what sort of men is he Father? It is plainly said, of evil men. And of what kind is the Father? Homl. Th. i. 254, 5-8. Hwylc is mihtig God bútan úre se mǽra God quis Deus magnus sicut Deus noster, Ps. Th. 76, 11. Hwylc is wísra ðe ðás mid gehygde healdan cunne quis sapiens et custodiet hæc? 106, 42. Hwylces ðæra sufona byþ ðæt wíf cujus erit de septem uxor? Mt. Kmbl. 22, 28. Hwylcum bigspelle wiðmete wé hit cui parabolæ cumparabimus illud? Mk. 4, 30. II. [in dependent clauses] :-- Gif ic cweðe nescio qualis est rex nát ic hwile se cyngc is, ðon is se qualis infinitivum. Gif ic cweðe tu scis bene qualis est ðú wást wel hwilc hé is, ðon biþ hit relativum, Ælfc. Gr. 18; Som. 21, 59-61. Geseó hé hwylc se man sig oððe ðæt neát videat qualis homo sit vel pecus, L. Ecg. C. 14; Th. ii. 142, 19. Gé habbaþ gehýred hwilc ðes god is ðe gé wéndon ðæt eów gehǽlde. Homl. Th. i. 464, 10. Hwelc se bión sceal ðe tó reccenddóme cuman sceal qualis quisque ad regimen venire debeat. Past. 10; Swt. 61, 5. Bæd ðæt hé him geswutelode hwylc basilius wǽre on wurðscype mid him prayed that he would reveal to him what manner of man Basil was in honour as compared with himself, Homl. Swt. 3, 498. Sege ús hwilc tácn sí ðínes tócymys dic nobis quod signum adventus tui, Mt. Kmbl. 24, 3. Hét secan hwilc ðære geógoþe gleáwost wǽre bade seek which of the youth was most skilled, Cd. 176; Th. 220, 34; Dan. 81: Andr. Kmbl. 821; An. 411. Cwén frignan ongan on hwylcum ðara beáma bearn wealdendes hangen wǽre, Elen. Kmbl. 1698; El. 851. Dó mé wegas wíse ðæt ic wite on hwylcne ic gange notam mihi fac viam, in qua ambulem, Ps. Th. 142, 9. Geþence gé hwæt gé síen and hwelce gé síen pensa quod es, Past. 21, 4; Swt. 159, 14. Ðá onfunde se módiga, hwilce his mihta wéron then the proud spirit found out what his powers were, Ælfc. T. Grn. 2, 47. III. indef. pron. any one, any, of any kind, some :-- Oððe gif hwylc cynincg wyle faran aut quis rex iturus, Lk. Skt. 14, 31. Hwæt wénstú nú, gif hwelc forworht monn cymþ and bitt úrne hwelcne ðæt wé hine lǽden tó sumum rícum menn and him geþingien si enim fortasse quis veniat, ut pro se ad intercedendum nos apud potentem quempiam virum ducat, Past. 10, 2; Swt. 63, 1. Ne hig ne gelýfaþ ðeáh hwylc of deáþe árise neque si quis ex mortuis surrexerit credent, Lk. Skt. 16, 31. Swelc ic wǽre hwelc folclíc mon and mé wǽre mete and wínes þearf ut vini et carnis quidam emptor, Nar. 18, 4. Wén is ðæt hwilc wundor ineode on ðaet carcern, St. And. 14, 28. Manslyht oððe elles hwilc ðara heáfodlícra leahtra manslaughter or any other of the capital crimes, L. E. I. 26; Th. ii. 422, 5. Sóna swá sacerda hwylc hwone on wóh gesyhþ as soon as any priest sees any one in error, 28; Th. ii. 424, 25. Gif mínra þegna hwilc, Cd. 22; Th. 27, 7; Gen. 414. Ánra hwilc each one, Bt. Met. Fox 20, 129; Met. 20, 65. Gif him þince ðæt hé on hwylcere fægerre stówe sí if it seems to him that he is in some fair place, Lchdm. iii. 174, 26. Æt mǽstra hwelcre misdǽde for almost every misdeed, L. Alf. 49; Th. i. 58, 6. Gyf hwylce ðǽr beóþ ðara ðe hwæt ǽbylhþa wið óðre habbaþ if there are any there who have any grudges against others, L. E. I. 36; Th. ii. 434, 7. Wé gesáwon oft in cyrcean ǽgðer ge corn ge hig ge hwylce woroldlícn þing beón gehealdene we have often seen in churches corn and hay, and any kind of secular things kept, 8; Th. ii. 406, 31. Gif hwá biþ mid hwelcum welum geweorþod and mid hwelcum deórwyrþum ǽhtum gegyrewod. Bt. 14, 3; Fox 46, 11. IV. combined with swá :-- Quisquis swá hwá, quæque swá hwilc, quodquod swá hwilc; quicunque swá hwá, quæcunque swá hwilc, Ælfc. Gr. 18; Som. 21, 35, 37. Ðæs cyninges þegnas ðider urnon swá hwelc swá ðonne gearo wearþ the king's thanes ran thither, whichever of them was ready, Chr. 755; Erl. 50, 3. Swá hwylc swá sylþ ánne drinc quicumque potum dederit, Mt. Kmbl. 10, 42. Swá hwylcum manna swá him gemet þuhte, Beo. Th. 6106; B. 3057: 1890; B. 943. Swá hwylce daga in quacumque die, Ps. Th. 137, 4. Ðæt git ne lǽstan wel hwilc ǽrende swá hé sendeþ that ye will not perform what business soever he sends, Cd. 26; Th. 35, 15; Gen. 555. V. correlative of swilc [v. I] :-- Hit is scondlíc ymb swelc tó sprecanne hwelc hit ðá wæs it is shameful to talk about such a state of things as it then was, Ors. 1, 10; Swt. 48, 4. [O. E. Homl. hwilche: A. R. hwuch: Laym. whilc, whulc: Orm. whillc: R. Glouc. wuch: Piers P. Chauc. which: Goth. hwéleiks, hwileiks: O. Sax. hwilík: O. Nrs. hwelík, hwelk, hulk, hwek: Icel. hvílíkr: O. H. Ger. hwelíh: Ger. welcher.] DER. ǽg-, ge-, wel-hwilc.
hwilc-hwega, -hwugu, -hugu [in the Northern Gospels the whole form is declined, elsewhere only hwilc]; pron. Some, any, some one :-- Gehrán mec huoelchuoege tetigit me aliquis, Lk. Skt. Lind. 8, 46. Hwilc-æthwega yfel wǽte some evil humour, L. M. 2, 59; Lchdm. ii. 284, 27. Bróðer huoelchuoeges frater alicujus, Lk. Skt. Lind. 20, 28. Swá hé síe mid hwilcre-hwega byrþenne gehefegod as if he is weighted with some burden, L. M. 2, 23; Lchdm. ii. 212, 11. Gif man forleóse gehálgodne mete hwylcne-hwugu dǽl si quis perdiderit cibi consecrati aliquantulum, L. Ecg. P. iv. 52, note; Th. ii. 218, 23. Hwelcne-hugu dǽl, Ors. 3, 7; Swt. 110, 13. Hwelce-hwugu gerisenlíce leáfe dyde he gave some suitable leave, Past. 51, 4; Swt. 397, 25, Heó geþingode tó gode sumre hǽðenre fǽmnan gǽste hwylce-hwegu ræste in ðære écan worulde, Shrn. 133, 16. Ðe hwilce-hwega gefélnesse hæbbe, L. M. 1, 35; Lchdm. ii. 82, 30. Hafaþ ðæt mód hwylce-hugu scyldo habet animus aliquem reatum, Bd. 1, 27; S. 496, 42. Hwylce-hugu tíd aliquanto tempore, 4, 22; S. 591, 31. Huælchuoego quid, Mk. Skt. Lind. 13, 15. Huoelchuoegu aliquid, Rtl. 146, 23. [Cf. hwæt-, hú-hwega; and next word.]
hwilc-hwéne, -hwóne; pron. indef. Some, some one :-- Bécon hwelchuoene signum aliquid, Lk. Skt. Lind. 23, 8. Wið huelchuóne adversus aliquem, Mk. Skt. Lind. 11. 25.
hwilc-ness, e; f. Quality :-- Sume synd qualitalis ðe getácniaþ hwilcnysse, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Som. 40, 31. [Cf. O. H. Ger. hweolíhi, hweolíh-nissi qualitas.] v. ge-hwilcness.
hwílen; adj. Lasting only for a time, transitory, brief :-- Uton sibbe tó him on ðás hwílnan tíd hǽlu sécan let us seek in this brief season [the present life] peace and salvation from him, Exon. 97 b; Th. 365, 10; Wal. 87. [O. H. Ger. hwílin temporalis.] v. un-hwílen.
hwílend-líc; adj. Lasting only for a time, of time, temporal, temporary, transitory :-- Þrió þing sindon on ðís middanearde. Án is hwílendlíc ... Óðer þing is éce ... Þridde þing is éce three things there are in this world. One is of time ... the second ... and the third are of eternity, Bt. 42; Fox 256, 15. Ðá se cyning wæs ceasterwara gefremed ðæs écan ríces and wolde eft ðæt éþel sécan his hwílendlícan ríces rex æterni regni jam civis effectus, temporalis sui regni sedem repetiit, Bd. 3, 22; S. 552, 33. Mid ðýs hwílendlícan onwalde temporali potentia, Past. 17, 4; Swt. 113, 11. Mid ðissum hwílendlícum þingum temporali sollicitudine, 18, 7; Swt. 139, 7. Ðú næfst ða hwílendlícan árwyrþnessa ðe ðú ǽr hæfdest thou hast not those temporary dignities that thou hadst before, Bt. 8; Fox 24, 31. v. hwílwendlíc.
hwíl-fæc a space of time, Lye.
hwíl-stycce, es; n. A fragment or short portion of time :-- Ǽghwæ ðæs ðe hie on ǽnegum hiora hwílsticcum geearnian mǽgen all that they can earn in any of their fragments of time, L. Alf. pol. 43; Th. i. 92, 12.
hwíl-tídum; dat. pl. as adv. At times, sometimes :-- Hwíltídum oððe nú ðá modo, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Som. 41, 37: aliquando, Past. 57, 1; Swt. 437, 3: Lchm. iii. 240, 23: 242, 18. Eác hé sceal hwíltídum geara beón on manegum weorcum tó hláfordes willan also at certain times he must be prepared for many kinds of work at the lord's pleasure, L. R. S. 5; Th. i. 436, 3. Ðeós woruld ðeáh ðe beó myrige hwíltídum geþuht sý this world though sometimes it appear joyous, Homl. Th. i. 154, 17. Seó sǽ is hwíltídum smylte and myrige on tó rówene, hwílon eác swiðe hreóh and egeful on tó beónne, 182, 32. [Cf. O. H. Ger. stunt-hwíla momentum, Grff. iv. 1226.]
hwílum, hwílon; dat. pl. as adv. At times, for a time, sometimes, whilome :-- Hwílon ic dyde swá aliquando feci sic ... Dudum gefyrn, quondam hwílon, and olim getácniaþ þreó tída, forþgewitene and andwerde and tówerde, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Som. 39, 62-4. Ic wiste ðæt ðú hwílon lufodest God scivi te aliquando amasse Deum, 24; Som. 25, 9. Ða ðe on horsum hwílon wǽron qui ascenderunt equos, Ps. Th. 75, 5. Hwílum tó gebede feóllon sometimes they fell to praying, Cd. 37; Th. 48, 18; Gen. 777: 38; Th. 50, 17; Gen. 810. Hí hwílum gelýfaþ qui ad tempus credunt, Lk. Skt. 8, 13. Hwílon ǽr wé wǽron hér and bohton ús hwǽte jam ante descendimus, ut emeremus escas, Gen. 43, 20. Ic secge ðæt ic hwílon ǽr forsúwode I say what I sometime before passed over in silence, Boutr. Scrd. 18, 27. Hwílan ǽr, Bt. Met. Fox 29, 106; Met. 29, 53. Hwílum on áne healfe hwílum on ǽlce healfe now on one side, now on every side, Chr. 891; Erl. 88, 20. Ða hálgan láreówas hwílon sprecaþ be ðam Ælmihtigan Fæder and his Sunu, hwílon swutollíce embe ðære Hálgan Ðrynnesse, Homl. Th. ii. 56, 26: Cd. 216; Th. 273, 7-12; Sat. 132-5. [O. Sax. hwílun: O. H. Ger. hwílon paulatim, nunc; hwílom ... hwílom modo ... modo: M. H. Ger. wílont. Grff. iv. 1225: Ger. weiland formerly.]
hwíl-wende; adj. Temporary, lasting for a time, not eternal :-- Him fremede tó écere hǽlþe seó hwílwende ehtnys the persecution that lasted but for a time, helped him to the salvation which lasts for ever, Homl. Th. ii. 528, 7. Hé hí mǽrsaþ on ðære écan worulde for heora hwílwendum geswince ðises sceortan lífes, 562, 5. Ðæt hí gelýfon tó geágenne ða écan welan, ða ðe for his naman ða hwílwendan spéda forhogiaþ, i. 64, 20. [Cf. Goth. hweila-hwairbs lasting only for a time.]
hwílwend-líc; adj. Temporary, lasting only for a time, not eternal :-- Hit is hwílwendlíc est temporalis, Mt. Kmbl. 13, 21. Þreó þing synd on middanearde án is hwílwendlíc ... óðer þing is éce ... þridde þing is éce, Homl. Swt. 1, 25. Manna freóndscipe biþ swiðe hwílwendlíc the friendship of men lasts but a very short time, Blickl. Homl. 195, 26. Se ælmihtiga se ðe is éce leóht ǽrest ðæt hwílwendlíc leóht geworhte, Boutr. Scrd. 19, 5. Hwílwendlíc líf ... éce líf the life of time ... the life of eternity, Homl. Th. ii. 240, 15-20. Nalæs ðæt án ðæt hé hí fram yrmþum écre niðerunge ac swylce eác fram ðam mánfullan wæle hwílwendlícre forwyrde generede non solum eam ab ærumna perpetuæ damnationis, verum et a clade infanda temporalis interitus eripuit, Bd. 4, 13; S. 582, 27. Hé swanc for heofonan ríce swíðor ðonne hé hogode hú hé geheólde on worulde ða hwílwendlícan geþincþu, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 98, 93. Ðæt wé ða heofonlícan þinga mid ðam eorþlícum and ða écelíc mid ðam hwílwendlícum geearniaþ, L. Ath. i. prm; Th. i. 196, 27. [Orm. hwílwendlíc: cf. O. H. Ger. wílwendige fortuna, Grff. i. 763.] v. hwílend-líc.
hwílwend-líce; adv. Temporarily, for a time only :-- Beóþ blówende and welige hwílwendlíce ðæt gé écelíce wædlion be flourishing and wealthy for time that ye may be beggars for eternity, Homl. Th. i. 64, 15: 162, 15: ii. 384, 26.
hwínan; p. hwán; pl. hwinon To make a whistling, whizzing sound [as an arrow, etc. in its flight] :-- Ful oft of ðam heápe hwínende fleág, giellende gár full oft from that band flew whistling the shrieking javelin, Exon. 86 b; Th. 326, 12; Víd. 127. [Prompt. Parv. whynyñ, as howndys or oþer beestys ululo, gannio: Chauc. for as an hors I coude bite and whine: Icel. hvina; p. hvein to give a whizzing sound [as an arrow], e.g. örvarnar flugu hvínandi yfir höfuð þeim: Dan. hvine to whistle (of the wind); hvin a piercing shriek.]
hwirfel, es; m. A whirl-pool [?] :-- On ðone hwyrfel, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 412, 8. [Cf. Icel. hvirfill a ring; the crown of the head; a top, summit: Dan. hvirvel a whirl-pool; the top of the head: O. H. Ger. hwirvil turbo: Ger. wirbel.]
hwirf-pól, es; m. A whirl-pool :-- Hwyrfepóle vorago, syrtis, Cot. 59, Lye.
hwisprian; p. ode, ede To mutter, murmur, WHISPER :-- Alle hwispredon omnes murmurabant, Lk. Skt. Rush. 19, 7. Hwispradun, Jn. Skt. Rush. 6, 41: murmurarent, 61. Nallaþ gé hwispriga nolite murmurari, 43. [Prompt. Parv. whysperyñ mussito: 0. Du. wisperen: O. H. Ger. hwispalón sibilare: Ger. wispern.] v. following words.
hwisprung, e; f. A muttering, murmuring, WHISPERING :-- Hwisprung murmur, Jn. Skt. Rush. 7, 12.
hwistle, an; f. A pipe, flute, WHISTLE; -- Hwistle oððe pípe musa; hwistle fistula, Wrt. Voc. 73, 60, 65. Mið hwistlum tibiis, Lk. Skt. Lind. 7, 32. [Chauc, so was hire joly whistle wel ywette.]
hwistlere, es; m. A piper, player on a flute :-- Pípere oððe hwistlere tibicen, Ælfc. Gr. 9; Som. 9, 25. Ðá hé geseah hwistleras cum vidisset tibicines, Mt. Kmbl. 9, 23.
hwistlian; p. ode To make a hissing sound, to hiss, whistle :-- Hé hwystlode stranglíc[e] stemne he [the devil] made a great hissing, Nar. 43, 17. [Wick. whistlen hiss (A. V.) Piers P. whistlen (to birds).] hwistlung, e; f. A hissing, WHISTLING, piping, music :-- Ðeós hwistlung hic sibilus, ðás hwystlunga hæc sibila, Ælfc. Gr. 13; Som. 16, 28. Hwistlung sibilatio, Ælfc. Gl. 79; Som. 72, 67; Wrt. Voc. 46, 24. Huislung simphonia, Lk. Skt. Lind. 15, 25. Ic beswíce fugelas mid hwistlunge decipio aves sibilo, Coll. Monast. Th. 25, 15. Suá suá mid líðre wisðlunga mon hors gestilleþ suá eác mid ðære illcan wistlunga mon mæg hund ástyrigean lenis sibilus equos mitigat, catulos instigat, Past. 23; Swt. 173, 21.
HWÍT; adj. WHITE, bright, clear, fair, splendid :-- Hwít albus; amineus vel albus, Ælfc. Gl. 79; Som. 72, 71-2; Wrt. Voc. 46, 28-9. His reáf hwít scínende vestitus ejus albus refulgens, Lk. Skt. 9, 29. Wlitescýne hwít and hiwbeorht hæleþa náthwylc some man beauteous, shining and bright of hue, Elen. Kmbl. 145; El. 73. Hwít heard stán creta vel cimolia, Ælfc. Gl. 56; Som. 67, 40; Wrt. Voc. 37, 29. Se hwíta stán mæg wið stice the white stone is effective against stitch, L. M. 2, 64; Lchdm. ii. 290, 9. Se hwíta helm the shining helm, Beo. Th. 2900; B. 1448. Ðú ne miht ǽnne locc gedón hwítne oððe blacne non potes unum capillum album facere aut nigrum, Mt. Kmbl. 5, 36. Hæfde hé hine swá hwítne geworhtne gelíc wæs hé ðám leóhtum steorrum so splendid had he formed him he was like the bright stars, Cd. 14; Th. 17, 4; Gen. 254. Leóht hwít clear light, 29; Th. 38, 33; Gen. 616. Ðone hwítan hláf panem nitidum, Bd. 2, 5; S. 507, 14. Fæst ǽlce dæge and forgang hwít jejuna quotidie et abstine te ab alba, L. Ecg. C. prm; Th. ii. 132, 5. Gedó æges hwít tó add white of egg, L. M. 3, 59; Lchdm. ii. 342, 18. Dó æges ðæt hwíte tó, 1, 13; Lchdm. ii. 56, 6: 25; Lchdm. ii. 66, 21: Homl. Th. i. 40, 27. His reáf wǽron swá hwíte swá snáw vestimenta ejus facta sunt alba sicut nix, Mt. Kmbl. 17, 2. Ða scíran dagas hwítan the clear bright days, L. M. 2, 41; Lchdm. ii. 252, 10. Hwíte metas lacticinia [cf. Icel. hvitr matr milk, curds, etc. opposed to flesh], Lye. Wǽron on ðyssum felda unríme gesomnunge hwíttra manna and fægera erant in hoc campo innumera homimim albatorum conventicula. Bd. 5, 12; S. 629, 25. Engla and deófla, beorhtra and blacra, hwítra and sweartra, Exon. 21 a; Th. 56, 9; Cri. 898. Hire þuhte hwítre heofon and eorþe heaven and earth seemed brighter to her, Cd. 29; Th. 38, 7; Gen. 603. Engla scýnost and hwíttost most beautiful and most splendid of angels, 18; Th. 22, 11; Gen. 339. [Goth. hweits: O. Sax. O. Frs. hwít: Icel. hvítr: O. H. Ger. hwíz albns, candidus, lacteus: Ger. weiss.] v. eall-, geolu-, healf-, snáw-hwít.
hwítan to make white, to polish, Exon. 95 a; Th. 354, 48; Reim. 62. v. hwítian.
Hwít-cirice, an; f. A local name, WHITCHURCH :-- Æt Hwítciricean, Chr. 1001; Erl. 136, 7.
hwít cwidu, cudu, es; n. v. cwudu.
hwítel, es; m. A WHITTLE, a cloak, mantle, blanket :-- Hwítel sagum, Ælfc. Gl. 27; Som. 60, 111; Wrt. Voc. 25, 51. Hnysce hwítel linna, 63; Som. 68, 112; Wrt. Voc. 40, 23. Seó wimman mid hire hwítle bewreáh hine she covered him with a mantle; opertus ab ea pallio, Jud. 4, 18: L. M. 1, 32; Lchdm. ii. 76, 23. Ðá hét Benedictus beran ða tócwysedan lima on ánum hwítle intó his gebedhúse, Homl. Th. ii. 166, 21. Sem and Jafeth dydon ánne hwítel on hira sculdra Sem et Japheth pallium imposuerunt humeris suis, Gen. 9, 23. Ðá eode ðes bróðor sume dæge ðæt hé wolde his reówan and hwítlas ða ðe hé on cumena búre brúcende wæs on sǽ wacsan and feormian hic cum quadam die lenas sive saga quibus in hospitale utebatur in mari lavasset, Bd. 4, 31; S. 610, 10. [A. R. (MSS. C. T. ) hwitel (other MS. kurtel): Piers P. for when he streyneþ hym to strecche þe straw is hus whitel, C-text 17, 76: Halliwell Dict. whittle 'a blanket. Ketmett says "a coarse shagged mantle." The whittle, which was worn about 1700, was a fringed mantle, almost invariably worn by country women out of doors': Icel. hvítill a white bed cover.] v. gafol-hwítel.
Hwít-ern, es; n. Whitherne in Galloway :-- His mynster is æt Hwíterne, Chr. 565; Erl. 19, 7. [Cf. Bd. 3, 4 :-- Qui locus ad provinciam Berniciorum pertinens, vulgo vocatur Ad candidam casam, eo quod ibi ecclesiam de lapide, insolito Brittonibus more fecerit. See also 5, 23. -- On ðære stowe ðe is gecíged æt Hwítan earne quæ candida casa vocatur, S. 646, 31.]
hwít-fót; adj. Having white feet :-- Hwítfót albipedius, Wrt. Voc. ii. 6, 48. Huítfoot, 99, 71.
hwiða, hweoða, an; m: hweoðu, e; f. A breeze :-- Hwiða oððe weder aura, Wrt. Voc. 76, 43: Ælfc. Gl. 94; Som. 75, 109; Wrt. Voc. 53, 59. Hwioðan oððe oreþe aura, ii. 6, 56. Ǽlc hwiða windes every breath of wind, Past. 42, 1; Swt. 306, 6. Hé ýste mæg eáðe oncyrran ðæt hí windes hweoðu weorþeþ smylte statuit procellam in auram, Ps. Th. 106, 29. On lyftu ɫ tó hwiðan ɫ tó wedere in auram, Ps. Lamb. 106, 28. On lyfte [MS. C. wedyre ɫ hweoðan], Ps. Spl. 106, 29. [Icel. hviða a squall of wind.]
hwítian; p. ode To be or become white, to whiten :-- Ic hwítige albeo, albesco, Ælfc. Gr. 35; Som. 38, 6: albo, albico, 36; Som. 38, 29-30. Ðæt ðæt fel hwítige that the skin may become white, L. M. 1, 38; Lchdm. ii. 96, 6. [A. R. hwiteþ prs. becomes white: Piers P. whitten to make white: Prompt. Parv. whytoñ or make whyte dealbo, candido: Goth. ga-hweitjan to make white: O. H. Ger. hwízén to become white; ga- hwízit albatus: Ger. weissen to whiten.]
hwíting, e; f. Whiting, chalk and size :-- Of hwítingmelwe, L. M. 3, 39; Lchdm. ii. 332, 20.
hwíting-treów. es; n. Whitten tree; pirus aria :-- Hwítingtreów variculus, Ælfc. Gl. 47; Som. 65, 25; Wrt. Voc. 33, 25. v. Lchdm. iii. 334. col. 1.
hwít-leác, es; n. Onion; allium cæpe :-- Hwítleác poletis, Ælfc. Gl. 41; Som. 63, 118: Wrt. Voc. 30, 61.
hwít-loc; adj. Having white or bright, shining hair :-- Exon. 112 a; Th. 429, 12; Rä. 48, 3. v. next word.
hwít-locced; adj. Fair-haired, having bright hair, Exon. 127 a; Th. 489, 7; Rä. 78, 4.
hwít-ness, e; f. Whiteness :-- Seó reádnes ðære rósan and seó hwítnes ðære lilian, Blickl. Homl. 7, 30: Homl. Th. i. 444, 14. His gewǽda scinon on snáwes hwítnysse his raiment shone with the whiteness of snow, ii. 242, 7.
Hwít-sand Wissant near Calais, Chr. 1095; Erl. 231, 5.
hwít-stów is the translation of Libanus, Ps. Spl. 71, 16.
hwón; adj. Little, few [but the word occurs for the most part only in the neuter acc. with a substantive or adverbial force = a little] :-- Dó huniges hwón tó put a little honey to it, L. M. 1, 2; Lchdm. ii. 32, 15. Hwón buteran, 8; Lchdm. ii. 54, 3. Hwón buteran and pipores hwón and hwón sealtes, 2, 52; Lchdm. ii. 268, 25-6. Swá hwæt swá hé læs and hwón hæfde geearnunge si quid minus haberet meriti, Bd. 4, 29; S. 608, 1. Bealosíþa hwón, Exon. 81 b; Th. 307, 24; Seef. 28. Dó hwón on ðíne tungan put a little on to your tongue, L. M. 2, 52; Lchdm. ii. 272, 18: 1, 59; Lchdm. ii. 130, 7. Genim hwón sealt take a little salt, 2; Lchdm. ii. 32, 3. Ácrind and hwón wermód gecnua pound oak rind and a little wormwood, 52; Lchdm. ii. 124, 22. Huón aron ða ðe onfindes ða ilco pauci sunt qui inveniunt eam, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 7, 14. Ofer lytla ɫ huón super pauca, 25, 21. Huoó ɫ unmonige paucos, p. 15, 7. Búta hwón untrymigo gehǽlde nisi paucos infirmos curavit, Mk. Skt. Lind. 6, 5. Huónum paucis, Lk. Skt. p. 7, 19. Ðanon hwón ágán progressus inde pusillum, Mk. Skt. 1, 19. Uton ús hwón restan requiescite pusillum, 6, 31. Huón paululum, Lind. 14, 35. Hine hwón fram ðám cnihtum gewænde, Ap. Th. 21, 27. Gif huidir huón ic sægde quominus dixissem, Jn. Skt. Lind. 14, 2. Gif hé hwón hnappode if he dozed a little, Hom. Th. i. 86, 18. Ðá hwón onslép, Shrn. 60, 17. Hwónn, Bd. 3, 9; S. 534, 11. Ðám mannum ðe mágon hwón gehýran for those people who can hear but little, L. Med. ex Quadr: Lchdm. i. 362, 20. Mót ic nú cunnian hwón dínne fæstrǽdnesse pauculis rogationibus, Bt. 5, 3; Fox 10, 34. Hé wæs hwón giernende ðissa woroldþinga and micelra onwalda vir tranquillissimus, Ors. 6, 30; Swt. 280, 28. Hé ðǽr bád westanwindes and hwón norþan he there waited for a wind rather from the north of west, 1, 1; Swt. 17, 15. Hwón lange rather long, Herb. 152, 1; Lchdm. i. 276, 24. Hwón weredre swæce of a rather sweet taste, 151, i; Lchdm. i. 276, 9. Tó hwón God andrǽdeþ fear God too little; minime, Past. 17, 2; Swt. 109, 15: 63, 7; Swt. 417, 35. [O. E. Hom. wan: Laym. whon.] v. lyt-hwón; hwón-líc, -líce; hwéne.
hwón-líc; adj. Little, slight, small :-- Gif wé eów ða gástlícan sǽd sáwaþ hwónlíc biþ ðæt wé eówere flǽslícan þing rípon if we sow the spiritual seeds for you, it is a slight matter that we reap your fleshly goods, Homl. Th. ii. 534, 26, Ic wearþ belocen on ánre lytlan byrig mid hwónlícum fultume I was shut up in a little town with an inconsiderable force, Homl. Swt. 7, 347.
hwón-líce; adv. Little, slightly :-- Ða hwílwendlícan geþincþu ðe hé hwónlíce lufode the temporal dignities that he loved but little, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 98, 94. Nú gé habbaþ hwónlíce tó geswincenne, Homl. Th. ii. 78, 14. Hé byþ hwónlíce biter on byrgincge it is a little bitter of taste, Herb. 140, 1; Lchdm. i. 260, 9. Hwónlíce þyrnihte, 161, 1; Lchdm. i. 288, 16. Heó hwónlíce undergǽþ ðære eorþan geendunge it goes a little below the horizon, Lchdm. iii. 260, 6: 134, 3. Him hwónlíce speów he had but little success, Homl. Skt. 7, 94. Mid ðære sceall seó sáwul ealle þing gemætegian ðæt hit tó swíðe ne sý ne tó hwónlíce therewith shall the soul moderate all things, that there be not error by excess or by defect, 1, 162. Hwónlícor minus, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Som. 40, 47. On ðám máran ðe swýðor syngaþ, on ðám læssan ðe hwónlícor syngaþ, Homl. Th. i. 460, 27. Hwónlícost minime, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Som. 40, 49.
hwón-lotum; adf. A little while :-- Huónlotum parumper, Wrt. Voc. ii. 116, 46.
hwonne, hwonon. v. hwanne, hwanon.
hwópan; p. hweóp To threaten :-- Ne ondrǽd ðú ðe ðeáh ðe elþeódige egesan hwópan heardre hilde fear not though strangers threaten terror and cruel war, Elen. Kmbl. 164; El. 82. Bǽlegsan [bell egsan, MS.] hweóp hátan líge ðæt hé on wéstenne werod forbærnde nymðe hie moyses hýrde with terror of fire, with hot flame it [the pillar of fire] threatened that it would consume the host in the wilderness, unless they hearkened to Moses, Cd. 148; Th. 185, 12; Exod. 121. Geofon deáþe hweóp the ocean threatened death, 166; Th. 206, 6; Exod. 447: Th. 208, 3; Exod. 477. Ongan ðá þurh swefn sprecan tó ðam æþelinge and him yrre hweóp then did God speak in a dream to the prince and in anger threatened him, 125; Th. 159, 18; Gen. 2636. Ðonne hý him yrre hweópan frécne fýres wylme, Exon. 35 a; Th. 113, 22; Gú. 161. Ðǽr ǽnig ne mæg lǽþþum hwópan there cannot any threaten injuries, 64 a; Th. 236, 31; Ph. 582. [Goth. hwópan to boast.]
hwósta, an; m. A cough :-- Hwósta tussis, Wrt. Voc. 289, 5; Ælfc. Gr. 9; Som. 14, 33. Hwósta and nearones breósta, L. M. 2, 21; Lchdm. ii. 204, 26. Hine dreceþ þyrre hwóstan and him on ðam hwóstan hwílum losaþ sió stemn he is troubled with a dry cough and at times during the cough he loses his voice, 51; Lchdm. ii. 264, 13. Wið hwóstan hú hé missenlíce on mon becume and hú his mon tilian scyle for cough, in what different ways it comes on a man and how it must be treated, 1, 15; Lchdm. ii. 56, 13. [Prompt. Parv. hosse, host, hoost tussis; Scott, host, hoast, hoist a cough: Icel. hósti: O. H. Ger. huosto tussis: Ger. husten.]
hwóstan; p. te To cough :-- Hwóstaþ [hwosaþ, MS.] gelóme they cough frequently, L. M. 2, 46; Lchdm. ii. 258, 7. [Prompt. Parv. hostyñ, or rowhyñ, or cowghyñ tussio, tussito: Scott. host, hoist to cough: Icel. hósta: Dan. hoste: O. H. Ger. huostón: Ger. husten.]
hwurf a going about, wandering, error: -- Huurf error, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 27, 64.
hwurf-bán, Lchdm. iii. 98, 16. v. hweorf-bán.
hwurf-líc; adj. Changeable; mutabilis, Hpt. Gl. 470, 62. v. hwerf-líc.
hwurfling, es; m. That which turns :-- Hwurflinces orbis, Hpt. Gl. 453.
hwurful; adj. Changeable, fickle :-- Hwæt getácniaþ ða truman ceastra bútan hwurfulu mód what do the strong cities betoken but fickle minds; quid per civitates munitas nisi suspectæ mentes, Past. 35, 5; Swt. 245, 7.
hwurful-ness, e; f. Changeableness, mutability :-- Ða twigu ðære hwurfulnesse genimina mutabilitatis, Past. 42, 3; Swt. 308, 1. Hió hit gecýþ self mid hire hwurffulnesse ðæt hió biþ swíðe wancol se instabilem mutatione demonstrat, Bt. 20; Fox 70, 34.
HWÝ, hwí; inst. of hwæt. WHY. I. in direct questions :-- Interrogativa synd áxigendlíce cur hwí, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Som. 40, 58. Hwí didest ðú ðæt quare hoc fecisti? Gen. 3, 13: Mt. Kmbl. 9, 11. Hwý sceal ic æfter his hyldo þeówian? Cd. 15; Th. 18, 33; Gen. 282. II. in dependent clauses :-- Se wísa Augustinus smeáde hwí se hálga cýðere cwǽde ... the wise Augustine inquired why the holy martyr said ..., Homl. Th. i. 48, 10. Eall ðæra Iudéiscra teóna árás þurh ðæt hwí Drihten Crist seðe æfter flǽsce sóðlíce is mannes sunu eác swilce wǽre gecweden Godes sunu all the quarrel of the Jews had its origin from this, why Christ, who according to the flesh is truly the son of man, should also be called the son of God, 16. Ðá áscade hé Æðelm hwý hit him ryht ne þuhte ðæt we him gereaht hæfden then he asked Æthelm why that did not seem right to him which we had arranged for him, Chart. Th. 171, 12. Ða oðre ða ðe ðǽr nǽron þurh gewrite atíwdon hwí hí ðǽr beón ne mihton the others who were not there shewed by letter why they could not be there, Chr. 1070; Erl. 206, 6. v. hwá.
Hwyccas, hwyder, hwylc. v. Hwiccas, hwider, hwilc.
hwylca, an; m. A swollen vein; varix, Ælfc. Gl. 76; Som. 71, 129; Wrt. Voc. 45, 32.
hwyrfan, hwyrf-bán, hwyrfel, hwyrfere, hwyrfolung, hwyrf-pól. v. hwerfan, hweorf-bán, hwerfel, hwerfere, hwerflung, hwirf-pól.
hwyrf-ness, e; f. Giddiness :-- Wið brægenes hwyrfnesse, Lchdm. iii. 70, 20.
hwyrft, es; m. A turn, revolution, going, course, orbit, circuit, orb, circle :-- Ða ðe ofercumaþ allum hwyrfte quæ superveniunt universo orbi, Lk. Skt. Rush. 21, 26. Hwá ne wundraþ ðætte sume tunglu habbaþ scyrtran hwyrft ðonne sume habban who does not wonder that some stars have a less orbit than others? Bt. 39, 3; Fox 214, 18. Heofonsteorran bebúgaþ brádne hwyrft the stars of heaven encompass a spacious circle [the earth], Cd. 190; Th. 236, 16; Dan. 322. Geþancmeta on hwilce healfe ðú wille hwyrft dón cyrran mid ceápe consider on which side thou wilt bend thy course, turn with thy cattle, 91; Th. 115, 12; Gen. 1918. Gif ic on helle gedó hwyrft ǽnigne si descendero in infernum, Ps. Th. 138, 6. Helle hlínduru nágon hwyrft ne útsíþ ǽfre never is there return or passage out through the grated doors of hell, Exon. 97 b; Th. 364, 30; Wal. 78. Náhton máran hwyrft they could go no further, Cd. 154; Th. 191, 6; Exod. 210. Náh ic hwyrft weges [Grein reads hwyrftweges] I cannot return, Exon. 101 b; Th. 383, 6; Rä. 4, 6. Sóna æfter ðǽm wordum helle hæftas hwyrftum scríðaþ þúsendmǽlum straightway after those words shall the captives of hell by thousands bend thither their steps, Cd. 227; Th. 304, 17; Sat. 631: Beo. Th. 329; B. 163. Ðá wæs ágangen geára hwyrftum then had passed in course of years, Elen. Kmbl. 2; El. 1. DER. ed-, ymb-hwyrft. v. hwearft.
hycgan, hycgean; p. hogde. I. to employ the mind, take thought, be mindful, think, consider, meditate :-- Béc bodiaþ ðam ðe wiht hycgeþ books tell to him that thinks at all, Salm. Kmbl. 476; Sal. 238. Hycgeþ ymbe se ðe wile he shall think about it who will, Bt. Met. Fox 19, 2; Met. 19, 1. Ðam ðe mid heortan hycgeaþ rihte his qui recto sunt corde, Ps. Th. 72, 1. Ða inwit and fácen hycgeaþ on heortan qui cogitaverunt malitias in corde, 139, 2, 8. Gif gé teala hycgaþ. Andr. Kmbl. 3223; An. 1614. Hwæt hé on hyge hogde heortan geþoncum what he meditated in his mind with the thoughts of his heart, Exon. 51 a; Th. 177, 14; Gú. 1227. Ðú wið Criste wunne hogdes wið hálgum thou didst strive with Christ, didst plot against the saints, 71 b; Th. 267, 28; Jul. 422. Hycgaþ his ealle hú gé hí beswícen all think of this, how ye may deceive them, Cd. 22; Th. 28, 8; Gen. 432. Hicgeaþ on ellen let your thoughts be of valour, Fins. Th. 21; Fin. 11. Ðæt seó forlǽtene cyrice ne hycgge ymb ða ðe on hire neáwiste lifgeaþ that the forsaken church will take no thought for those that live in her neighbourhood, Blickl. Homl. 43, 1, Hú ðú ymb módlufan mínes freán on hyge hycge how thou mayest think in thy mind of the love of my lord, Exon. 123 a; Th. 473, 5; Bo. 10. Hú gód biþ ðætte bróður on án hicgen how good it is that brothers should be unanimous, Ps. 132, 1. Wærwyrde sceal wísfæst hæle breóstum hycgan a man cautious of words and wise must keep his thoughts to himself, Exon. 80 b; Th. 303, 24; Fä. 58. Uton wé hycgan hwǽr wé hám ágen and ðonne geþencan hú wé ðider cumen let us consider where we may have a home, and then devise how we may come thither, 83 a; Th. 312, 30; Seef. 117. Á sceal snotor hycgean ymbe ðisse worulde gewinn ever must the prudent man meditate about the struggle of this world, Menol. Fox 570; Gn. C. 54. Ic mid heortan ongann hycggean meditatus sum cum corde meo, Ps. Th. 76, 6. Hycgan on ellen, Cd. 154; Th. 191, 22; Exod. 218: Micel is tó hycganne wísfæstum menn hwæt seó wiht sý to a sagacious man it is a great subject for thought what the creature may be, Exon. 107 b; Th. 411, 14; Rä. 29, 13. Hycgenne, 108 b; Th. 414, 21; Rä. 32, 23. Hycgende mon a man who thinks, 92 b; Th. 347, 10; Sch. 10. Wé sculon á hycgende hǽlo rǽdes gemunan sigora waldend mindful of saving counsel must we ever remember the disposer of victories, 84 b; Th. 318, 13; Mód. 82. Gemune ús on módsefan forþ hycgende folces ðínes remember us, being continually mindful of thy people; memento nostri in beneplacito populi tui, Ps. Th. 105, 4. II. to direct the mind [to an object], to be intent upon, to intend, purpose, determine, endeavour, strive :-- Ic hicge molior, Ælfc. Gr. 31; Som. 35, 51: nitor, 36; Som. 38, 53. Ic mid ealre mínre heortan hige hycge swíðe ðæt ic ðín bebod átredde ego in toto corde meo scrutabor mandata tua, Ps. Th. 118, 69. Ic hycge ðæt ic sóðne dóm symble healde statui custodire judicia justitiæ tuæ, 106: 146. Hió hogde georne ðæt hire mægþhád clǽne geheólde she earnestly determined to keep her maidenhood pure, Exon. 66 a; Th. 244, 18; Jul. 29. Freóndrǽdenne heó from hogde her mind revolted from relationship with him [i.e. she determined not to marry], Th. 244, 28; Jul. 34. Hicg þegenlíce viriliter age, Jos. 1, 18. Hycge swá hé wille ne mæg wérigmód wyrde wiðstondan strive as he will the weary-hearted cannot withstand fate, Exon. 76 b; Th. 287, 15; Wand. 14. Ne hycge tó slǽpe se ðe heoldeþ ðé neque obdormiet qui custodit te, Ps. 120, 3. Hét ðá hyssa hwæne hicgan tó handum he bade then each of his men look to the arms in their hands, Byrht. Th. 131, 6; By. 4. Ongunnon ðæt ðæs monnes mágas hycgan þurh dyrne geþoht ðæt hý tódǽlden unc this did the mans kinsmen through dark design endeavour, to part us two, Exon. 115 a; Th. 442, 12; Kl. 11. Wé ðæs sculon hycgan georne ðæt ... we must therefore earnestly endeavour to ..., Cd. 19; Th. 25, 22; Gen. 397: 226; Th. 302, 6; Sat. 594. III. to direct the mind with a feeling of confidence, to hope :-- Ic on ðé geare hycge sperabo in eum, Ps. Th. 90, 2. Ic hycge tó ðé in te speravi, 142, 8. Hycge him hálig folc hǽlu to Drihtne sperate in eum, omnis conventus plebis, 61, 8. Wé cunnon hycgan and hyhtan ðæt ... we can hope that .... Frag. Kmbl. 83; Leas. 44. [Goth. hugjan: O. Sax. huggian: Icel. hyggja to think, intend, purpose: O. H. Ger. huggen meditari, sperare, Grff. iv. 786.] DER. á-, be-, for-, ge-, ofer-, on-, wið-hycgan; and see hogian.
-hycgende. v. bealu-, deóp-, gleáw-, gram-, heard-, morðor-, níþ-, rǽd-, stíð-, swíð-, þanc-, þríst-, wís-, wiðer-hycgende.
HÝD, e; f. HIDE, skin: -- Hýd cutis vel pellis; corium vel tergus, Ælfc. Gl. 73; Som. 71, 31, 32; Wrt. Voc. 44, 17, 18. Getannede hýd subacta coria vel medicata vel confecta, 17; Som. 58, 103; Wrt. Voc. 22, 19. Hiora hýd biþ swíde gód tó sciprǽpum their [walruses'] hide is very good for ship-ropes, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 18, 2. Him seó hýd áheardod wæs on dǽm cneówum swá olfendan cneó beóþ the skin on his knees had got as hard as a camel's knees are, Shrn. 93, 10. Þurh ðære hýde wunda ádwæscte his módes wunda through the wounds of his skin extinguished the wounds of his mind, Homl. Th. ii. 156, 31. Twegen sciprápas óðer of hwæles hýde geworht óðer of sioles, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 18, 22. Se bát wæs geworht of þriddan healfre hýde the boat was made of two hides and a half, Chr. 891; Erl. 88, 9. Þincþ him [cattle] genóg on ðam ðe hí binnan heora ǽgenre hýde habbaþ tóeácan ðam fódre ðe him gecyndelíc biþ, Bt. 14, 2; Fox. 44, 23. Gif mon óðrum rib forsleá binnan gehálre hýde geselle x scill. tó bóte gif sió hýd síe tóbrocen ... if a man fracture another's rib without breaking the skin let him pay ten shillings in compensation; if the skin be broken ..., L. Alf. pol. 70; Th. i. 98, 11-13. Ðá heó [the snake] gefylled wæs hé hét hý behyldan and ða hýde tó Róme bringan ... heó wæs hundtwelftiges fóta lang, Ors. 4, 6; Bos. 85, 1. Hé healde iii niht hýde [of an ox] and heáfod and sceápes eallswá. And gif hé ða hýde áweg sylle gilde xx óran, L. Eth. iii. 9; Th. i. 296, 118. Hwæt sind gescý búton deádra nýtena hýda? Homl. Th. ii. 280, 30. Ic bicge hýda and fell ego emo cutes et pelles, Coll. Monast. Th. 27, 29. Horses hýda hí habbaþ him tó hrægle pelliculas equorum ad vestimentum habentes, Nar. 38, 2. In the Laws the word is used in technical phrases relating to flogging [cf. colloquial 'to give one a hiding'] :-- Wealh gafolgelda cxx scill. ... weales hýd twelfum the 'wer' of a tenant of British race is one hundred and twenty shillings ... the 'hide-gild' of a man of British race is twelve shillings [the 'hide-gild' of a þeów (v. infra), whose wer was half that of a wealh, was six shillings; if the same proportion was kept, the weales hýd would be, as here, twelve shillings], L. In. 23; Th. i. 118, 4. Þeówman þolie his hýde oððe hýdgyldes let a slave be flogged or pay the 'hide-gild,' L. E. G. 7, 8; Th. i. 172, 1, 7: L. C. S. 45; 47; Th. i. 402, 16, 26. Ðara hyrda ǽlc þolige ðære hýde, L. Edg. S. 9; Th. i. 276, 3. Gif þeów deóflum geldaþ vi scill. gebéte oððe his hýd if a slave offer to devils let him pay six shillings or be flogged, L. Wih. 13: 15: 10; Th. i. 40, S. 11: 38, 22. Gif hwá his hýde forwyrce and cirican geierne síe him sió swingelle forgifen if any one be liable to flogging [lit. forfeit his hide] and escape into a church, let the scourging be forgiven him, L. In. 5; Th. i. 104, 15. Se ðe ǽnig ðissa dó, gilde wíte, fríman xii ór, þeówman ða hýde, L. N. P. L. 56; Th. ii. 298, 25. v. Grm. R. A. 703. [Laym. A. R. O. and N. hude: O. Frs. húd, héd: Icel. húð a hide: also a law term as above, e.g. fyrirgöra húð sinni to forfeit one's hide; leysa húð sína to redeem one's hide; cf. hýða to flog: O. H. Ger. hút cutis, corium, pellis, tergus, birsa: Ger. haut.]
HÝDAN; p. de To HIDE, conceal :-- Ic mé wið heora hete hýde absconderem me ab eo, Ps. Th. 54, 12. Se lǽce hýd his ísern wið ðone monn ðe hé sníðan wile the surgeon hides his knife from the man that he means to cut, Past. 26, 3; Swt. 185, 25. Hýt abscondit, Swt. 187, 9. Se ðe his hwǽte hýtt qui abscondit frumenta, 49, 1; Swt. 377, 13. Hýdeþ, Exon. 82 b; Th. 311, 34; Seef. 102. Hí on holum hýdaþ hí in cubilibus suis se collocabunt, Ps. Th. 103, 21. Fleóþ ðonne tó muntum and hié hýdaþ for ðara engla onsýne, Blickl. Homl. 93, 26: Past. 15, 1; Swt. 89, 15. Ic on mínre heortan hýdde in corde meo abscondi, Ps. Th. 118, 11: Bt. Met. Fox 29, 109; Met. 29, 55. Ðe hǽlend hine hýdde Iesus abscondit se, Jn. Skt. Rush. 8, 59. Hýddon hié they hid themselves, Cd. 40; Th. 53, 12; Gen. 860. Hýde se ðe wylle hide who will, Beo. Th. 5526; B. 2766. Ne sylþ hé hit ús tó ðon ðæt wé hit hýdon. Blickl. Homl. 53, 17. Crist hét hine hýdan ðæt hearde ísen [put up his sword], Homl. Th. ii. 246, 24. Nó ðú mínne þearft hafelan hýdan [bury], Beo. Th. 896; B. 446. Hwǽr se wuldres beám under hrusan hýded wǽre where the tree of glory [the cross] under ground was hidden, Elen. Kmbl. 436; El. 218. Ðár da æðelestan hýdde wǽron, 2214; El. 1108. [Orm. hidenn; Laym. A. R. O. and N. huden: Ayenb. hede: Chauc. hide.] DER. á-, be-, bi-, for-, ge-hýdan.
hýdels, es; m. A place of concealment, hiding-place, cavern :-- Hýdels þeafana spelunca latronum, Mk. Skt. Rush. 11, 17. Gif hit on hýdelse funden sý if it be found in a place of concealment, L. Ath. iv. 6; Th. i. 226, 4. [Laym. an hudlese wuneden lived in caverns: A. R. ine hudles in secret: Trev. break out of his hydels (hudels, huydels) de latibulo suo erumpens: Wick. in hidils (hudlis) in abscondito.]
hýd-gild, es; n. A payment made to escape the punishment of flogging. v. hýd.
hýdig; adj. Made of hide, leathern :-- Hýdig fæt bulga, Ælfc. Gl. 29; Som. 61, 28; Wrt. Voc. 26, 28. [Cf. leðer-coddas bulgæ 16; Som. 58, 58; Wrt. Voc. 21, 45.]
HÝF, e; f. A HIVE :-- Hýf canistrum vel alvearium, Ælfc. Gl. 25; Som. 60, 60; Wrt. Voc. 25, 2. Hýf alvearia, Wrt. Voc. 284, 40. Hýfe alvearii, ii. 4, 64. Hýfi alvearia, 100, 1. Wið ðæt beón æt ne fleón genim ðás ylcan wyrte ðe wé veneriam nemdon and gehóh tó ðære hýfe ðonne beóþ hý wungynde that bees may not fly away, take this same plant that we called veneria and hang it to the hive, then will they be stationary, Herb. 7, 2; Lchdm. i. 98, 1. Mæderecíþ on ðínre hýfe ðonne ne ásponþ nán man ðíne beón ne hí man ne mæg forstelan ða hwíle ðe se cíþ on ðære hýfe biþ [put] a plant of madder in your hive; then nobody will lure away your bees, nor can they be stolen while the plant is in the hive, Lchdm. i. 397, 2-4. [Hé wunede eall riht swá dráne dóþ on híue he lived exactly as drones do in the hive, Chr. 1127; Erl. 256, 20. Rel. Ant. huive: M. L. Ger. huve.]
-hygd. v. ge-, ofer-, wan-hygd, -hýd.
hygdig, hýdig; adj. Disposed, minded, careful, considerate, chaste, modest :-- Þancolmód wer þeáwum hýdig a man of thoughtful mind, virtuously disposed, Cd. 82; Th. 102, 25; Gen. 1705. Hygdig casta, Rtl. 68, 12. Hygdigo friódóm casta libertas, 105, 1. Hygdego, 109, 35. [O. Sax. hugdig, húdig (in compounds).] DER. án-, bealu-, deóp-, fæst-, gleáw-, gram-, læt-, lytel-, níþ-, ofer-, reðe-, stíð-, þríst-, un-, wan-, wís-, wiðer-hygdig, -hýdig.
hygdig-líce; adv. Chastely :-- Hia seolfa hia hygdiglige beheóldon seipsos castraverunt, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 19, 12.
hygdig-ness, e; f. Chastity, modesty :-- Hygdignisse castitatis, Rtl. 77. 33: 103. 40. Hygdignisse pudore, 110, 5.
hyge the upper part of the threat, fauces :-- Hyge faus [faux or fauces?] Wrt. Voc. 282, 78: ii. 36, 46.
hyge, es; m. Mind, heart, soul: -- Cwæþ ðæt hine his hige speóne ðæt hé wyrcean ongunne getimbro he said that his heart lured him to attempt making buildings, Cd. 15; Th. 18, 17; Gen. 274. Óþ hine his hyge forspeón and his ofermetta ealra swíðost until his heart seduced him, and his pride most of all, 18; Th. 22, 34; Gen. 350. Hyge Euan wífes wác geþoht the mind of Eve, weak thought of woman, 30; Th. 40, 34; Gen. 648. Ðam þegne ongan his hige hweorfan the mans mind began to change, 33; Th. 44, 8; Gen. 706. Næs him blíðe hige no cheerful mind was his, 178; Th. 223, 10; Dan. 117. Wearþ him hýrra hyge ðonne gemet wǽre haughtier grew his soul than was meet, 198; Th. 247, 2; Dan. 491, Him wæs geómor sefa hyge murnende mournful was their mind, sorrowing, their soul, Exon. 15 a; Th. 31, 24; Cri. 500. Forðon is mín hyge geómor, 115 a; Th. 442, 24; Kl. 17. Se hreó hyge, 76 b; Th. 287, 18; Wand. 16. Ys mínre heortan hige hluttor and clǽne quia delectatum est cor meum, Ps. Th. 72, 17. Hyge wearþ mongum blissad the heart of many was made glad, Exon. 24 b; Th. 71, 30; Cri. 1163. Hlihende hyge a gladsome mind, Elen. Kmbl. 1986; El. 995. Hyge wæs him hinfús he was minded to flee away, Beo. Th. 1514; B 755. Ne biþ him tó hearpan hyge no mind hath he for the harp, Exon. 82 a; Th. 308, 23; Seef. 44. Ne wæs him bleáþ hyge no coward heart had he [cf. Icel. hug-blauðr timid; hug-bleyði cowardice], Andr. Kmbl. 462; An. 231. Ðá wæs hyge onhyrded then was his heart confirmed, Elen. Kmbl. 1678; El. 841. Se hearda hyge wunade the stout heart continued, Exon. 40 b; Th. 134, 31; Gú. 517. Hyge sceal heardum men a bold man must have courage, 92 a; Th. 346, 15; Gn. Ex. 205. Hige sceal ðé heardra heorte ðé cénre ðé úre mægen lytlaþ the firmer must courage be, braver the heart, the more our force dwindles, Byrht. Th. 140, 62; By. 312. Hyge weallende a mind agitated by violent emotions. Andr. Kmbl. 3415; An. 1711. Weóll him on innan hyge ymb his heortan, Cd. 18; Th. 23, 5; Gen. 354. Mín hyge dreóseþ bysig æfter bócum: hwílum hyge heortan neáh hearde wealleþ, Salm. Kmbl. 122-6; Sal. 60-2. Ðú wást ðæt ic eom unwís hyges tu scis insipientiam meam, Ps. Th. 68, 6. Ic mín gehát mid hyge gylde ðæt míne weleras ǽr wíse gedǽldan reddam vota mea, quæ distinxerunt labia mea, 65, 12: 102, 19. Ic andette ðé mid hyge ealle heortan mínre confitebor tibi in toto corde meo, 110, 1: 118, 69: 94, 10. Wesan ðíne eáran gehýrende mid hige on eall gebedd esnes ðínes fiant aures tuæ intendentes in orationem servi tui, 129, 2. Mid hyge þencan to think with the mind, Exon. 82 b; Th. 311, 23; Seef. 96. Wese heone mín on hige clǽne fiat cor meum immaculatum, Ps. Th. 118, 80. On mínum hyge hreóweþ I am grieved to think. Cd. 22; Th. 27, 31; Gen. 426. Ne meahte hé æt his hige findan ðæt hé wolde þeódne þeówian he could not find it in his heart to serve his prince, 14; Th. 18, 1; Gen. 266. Hálig on hige holy of thought, 133; Th. 168, 9; Gen. 2780: Exon. 73 b; Th. 274, 14; Jul. 533, On heardum hyge in my hard heart, Elen. Kmbl. 1614; El. 809. Hét hicgan tó hige gódum bade them see to it that they were of good courage, Byrht. Th. 131, 7; By. 4. Hí on heofon setton hyge hyra múþes posuerunt in cælum os suum, Ps. Th. 72, 7. Hæfde hyge strangne he had a strong heart, Cd. 23; Th. 29, 9; Gen. 447. Heardrǽdne hyge, 107; Th. 141, 21; Gen. 2348. Ic geornlíce gode þegnode þurh holdne hyge diligently I served God with loyal heart, 28; Th. 37, 7; Gen. 586: Beo. Th. 539; B. 267. Þurh yrne hyge in anger, Exon. 16 b; Th. 39, 10; Cri. 620: Andr. Kmbl. 1941; An. 973. Ðínne hyge gefæstna strengthen thine heart, Exon. 93 a; Th. 348, 33; Sch. 37: Andr. Kmbl. 2427; An. 1215. Dóþ eówre heortan hige hále and clǽne effundite coram illo corda vestra, Ps. Th. 61, 8. Nyllan gé eów on heortan ða hige staðelian nolite cor apponere, 11. [Laym, huʒe: Orm. hiʒ: Goth. hugs: O. Sax. hugi: O. Frs. hei: Icel. hugi, hugr: O. H. Ger. hugu, hugi animus, sensus, affectus.] DER. hát-hyge.
hyge-bend, es; m: e; f. A tie or bond which is furnished by the mind :-- Hygebendum fæst fixed firm by the mind's chains, Beo. Th. 3761; B. 1878.
hyge-blind; adj. Having the mind blinded, Exon. 66 b; Th. 246, 13; Jul. 61.
hyge-blíðe; adj. Glad at heart, Andr. Kmbl. 3378; An. 1693: Exon. 107 a; Th. 408, 31; Rä. 27, 20.
hyge-clǽne; adj. Pure in mind, Ps. Th. 104, 3.
hyge-cræft, es; m. Mental power, intellect, wisdom :-- Ealle þeóde écne Drihten mid hygecræfte herigan let all nations praise the Lord with the powers of their minds, Ps. Th. 116, 1: 118, 61, 73. Gif ðú mé ðínne hygecræft hylest and ðíne heortan geþohtas if thou dost conceal from me thy wisdom and thy heart's thoughts, Exon. 88 b; Th. 333, 12; Gn. Ex. 3. Wísdóm higecræft heáne, Cd. 176; Th. 222, 1; Dan. 98. Hygecræftum, Hy. 6, 3; Hy. Grn. ii. 286, 3.
hyge-cræftig; adj. Having mental power, wise, sagacious, Exon. 11 a; Th. 15, 25; Cri. 241: 92 b; Th. 348, 8; Sch. 25: 101 a; Th. 380, 37; Rä. 2, 1.
hyge-fæst; adj. Firm of mind, prudent, wise, Exon. 112 a; Th. 429, 33; Rä. 43, 14. [Icel. hug-fastr steadfast.] Cf. hoga-fæst.
hyge-fród; adj. Wise of mind, prudent, Cd. 92; Th. 117, 13; Gen. 1953.
hyge-frófor, e; f. Comfort for the mind or heart, Elen. Kmbl. 709; El. 355: Hy. 9, 13; Hy. Grn. ii. 291, 13.
hyge-gǽlsa; adj. Slow, sluggish :-- Nis hé hinderweard ne hygegǽlsa swár ne swongor swá sume fuglas ða ðe late þurh lyft lácaþ fiþrum non tamen est tarda, ut volucres quæ corpore magno incessus pigros per grave pondus habent, Exon. 60 b; Th. 220, 3; Ph. 314, v. gǽlan.
hyge-gál; adj. Light-minded, wanton, Exon. 103 b; Th. 394, 2; Rä. 13, 12. v. gál.
hyge-gár, es; m. A dart of the mind, a wile, device, Exon. 83 b; Th. 315, 21; Mód. 34.
hyge-geómor, -giómor; adj. Sad in mind, mournful, sorrowful, Cd. 42; Th. 54, 18; Gen. 879: Andr. Kmbl. 2175; An. 1089: 3112; An. 1559: Exon. 49 b; Th. 171, 20; Gú. 1129: Beo. Th. 4807; B. 2408: Exon. 21 a; Th. 55, 29; Cri. 891. Hygegeómorne, 115 a; Th. 442, 28; Kl. 19. Hygegeómre, 10 a; Th. 10, 17; Cri. 154: 22 b; Th. 61, 33; Cri. 994: 70 b; Th. 262, 4; Jul. 327: 45 b; Th. 155, 8; Gú. 857: 46 a; Th. 157, 31; Gú. 900: Elen. Kmbl. 2429; El. 1216.
hyge-gleáw; adj. Wise, prudent, having clear menial vision, Exon. 25 a; Th. 73, 23; Cri. 1194: Chr. 975; Erl. 126, 25; Edg. 51: Elen. Kmbl. 665; El. 333.
hyge-grim; adj. Cruel of mind, fierce, savage, Exon. 74 b; Th. 278, 9: Jul. 595.
hyge-leás; adj. Thoughtless, careless, foolish :-- Ne geríseþ biscopum ne æt hám ne on síðe tó higeleás [iuncglíc, MS. G.] wíse ac wísdóm and weorþscipe gedafenaþ heora háde a too thoughtless manner is not seemly for bishops, neither at home nor when travelling, but wisdom and dignity are becoming to their rank, L. I. P. 10, note; Th. ii. 318, 41. Higeleás plega senseless play, Homl. Th. ii. 220, 6. Hygeleáse lacking wisdom [the rebellious angels], Cd. 3; Th. 4, 10; Gen. 51. Leahtra hegeleásra of sins committed thoughtlessly, Ps. C. 50, 144; Ps. Grn. ii. 280, 144. [Icel. hug-lauss fainthearted.]
hyge-leást, e; f. Thoughtlessness, foolishness, folly, want of wisdom, heedlessness :-- Eálá gé cildra gáþ út bútan hygeleáste tó claustre oððe tó leorninge O vos pueri egredimini sine scurrilitate in claustrum vel in gymnasium, Coll. Monast. Th. 36, 9. Ne ús ne gedafenaþ ðæt wé úrne líchaman ðe Gode is gehálgod mid unþæslícum plegan and higleáste gescyndan it doth not beseem us to put our body, that is sanctified to God, to shame with indecent play and folly, Homl. Th. i. 482, 12. Wé sceolon blissian on úrum Drihtne ná on higleáste we ought to rejoice in our Lord, not in folly, ii. 292, 32. Englas wǽron befeallene on ða hátan hell þurh hygeleáste and þurh ofermétto angels had fallen into the hot hell through folly and through pride, Cd. 18; Th. 21, 29; Gen. 331. Biscopum gebiraþ wisdom ... ne gerísaþ heom micele ofermétta né ǽnige higelíste, L. I. P. 10, note; Th. ii. 318, 32. [Cf. Icel. hug-leysa timidity.]
hyge-mǽð, e; f. Honour that is shewn with the heart or mind, reverence; or fitness that is determined by the mind [?] :-- Wígláf healdeþ higemǽðum [hige méðum, Th.] heáfodwearde Wígláf keeps guard reverently [or duly], Beo. Th. 5810; B. 2909. v. mǽð.
hyge-méðe; adj. Wearying the heart or mind, Beo. Th. 4875; B. 2442.
hyge-róf; adj. Stout, strong of mind or heart, magnanimous, Exon. 124 a; Th. 477, 6; Ruin. 20: 46 b; Th. 159, 13; Gú. 926: Andr. Kmbl. 465; An. 233: 2009; An. 1007: Beo. Th. 413; B. 204: Cd. 82; Th. 102, 32; Gen. 1709; 75; Th. 93, 22; Gen. 1550: Exon. 15 b; Th. 33, 31; Cri. 534: Judth. 12; Thw. 26, 1; Jud. 303.
hyge-rún, e; f. A secret of the mind or heart :-- Cyriacus hygerúne ne máþ gástes mihtum tó Gode cleopode Cyriacus did not conceal the secret of his heart, but with the powers of the spirit cried to God, Elen. Kmbl. 2196; El. 1099. v. Grmm. A. u. E. 139. [Icel. hug-rúnar magical runes with a power of wisdom.]
hyge-sceaft, e; f. Mental constitution, mind, disposition, heart :-- Frýnd synd hié míne georne holde on hyra hygesceaftum they are my zealous friends, loyal in their hearts, Cd. 15; Th. 19, 8; Gen. 288. [O. Sax. hugi-skafti; pl.]
hyge-snottor; adj. Wise of mind, prudent, sagacious, Exon: 49 a; Th. 168, 23; Gú. 1082: 71 a; Th. 265, 24; Jul. 386: Bt. Met. Fox 10, 14; Met. 10, 7.
hyge-sorh, -sorg, e; f. Mental care, anxiety, Cd. 94; Th. 122, 31; Gen. 2035: Exon. 10 b; Th. 11, 21; Cri. 174: 47 b; Th. 162, 28; Gú. 982: 50 a; Th. 174, 15; Gú. 1178: 51 a; Th. 176, 32; Gú. 1219: Cd. 37; Th. 48, 16; Gen. 776: Beo. Th. 4646; B. 2328.
hyge-teóna, an; m. Deliberate injury or offence :-- Ic him hygeteónan hwítan seolfre béte with white silver will I make reparation to him for injury, Cd. 130; Th. 165, 13; Gen. 2731: 69; Th. 83, 16; Gen. 1380. Higeteónan spraec on fǽmnan from her heart spoke injuriously against the woman, Cd. 103; Th. 136, 21; Gen. 2261.
hyge-þanc, es; m. Thought, Andr. Kmbl. 1634; An. 818: Exon. 27 a; Th. 81, 30; Cri. 1331: 109 a; Th. 417, 14; Rä. 36, 4: Elen. Kmbl. 311; El. 156: Ps. Th. 74, 5.
hyge-þancol; adj. Thoughtful, Andr. Kmbl. 681; An. 341: Cd. 176; Th. 221, 26; Dan. 94: Judth. 11; Thw. 23, 20; Jud. 131,
hyge-þrymm, es; m. Strength of heart or mind, Beo. Th. 683; B. 339.
hyge-þrýþ, es; m. Pride of heart or mind, insolence :-- Higeþrýþe wæg was insolent, Cd. 102: Th. 135, 6; Gen. 2238.
hyge-þyhtíg; adj. Doughty of heart, Beo. Th. 1497; B. 746.
hyge-treów, e; f. faith deliberately pledged, Cd. 107; Th. 142, 25; Gen. 2367.
hyge-wælm, es; m. Agitation of the mind, violent emotion, e.g. anger, Cd. 47; Th. 60, 12; Gen. 980.
hyge-wlanc; adj. Proud, elated in mind, Exon. 105 a; Th. 400, 1; Rä. 20, 2: 112 b; Th. 431, 21; Rä. 46, 4.
hyht, es; m. [f. Ps. Th. 77, 53.] Hope, joyous expectation, joy :-- Hiht on Gode Hope in God, Homl. Th. ii. 602, 11. Ðære gástlícan strenge mycel hyht the great hope of spiritual strength, Blickl. Homl. 135, 28. Mé is hálig hyht on hine spes mea in Deo est, Ps. Th. 61, 7: 70, 4. Ðú eart hyht ealra ðe on ðysse eorþan útan syndon spes omnium finium terræ, 64, 6. Hwílum hié gehéton æt heargtrafum wigweorþunga bǽdon ðæt him gástbona geóce gefremede. Swylc wæs þeáw hyra hǽðenra hyht sometimes they vowed in their temples idolatrous honours, prayed that the destroyer of souls would afford them help. Such was their custom, such the hope of the heathens, Beo. Th. 360; B. 179. Ðú eart mín se sóða hiht tu es spes mea, Ps. Th. 141, 5. Ǽlc hyht lífes omnis spes vitæ, Rtl. 3, 28. Ðú cégst his noman Johannes and ðé biþ ðonne hyht and gefeá vocabis nomen suum Johannem et erit gaudium tibi et exultatio, Blickl. Homl. 165, 10. Lífes hyht and ealles leóhtés gefeá, Exon. 16 a; Th. 36, 32; Cri. 585: 42 a; Th. 141, 23; Gú. 631. Ðǽr is hyht and blis there is joy and bliss, Exon. 18b; Th. 47, 5; Cri. 750: 15 b; Th. 33, 22; Cri. 529: 46 b; Th. 159, 14; Gú. 926. Ne biþ him tó hearpan hyge ne tó wífe wyn ne tó worulde hyht he hath no mind for the harp, nor delight in woman, nor joy in life, 82 a; Th. 308, 26; Seef. 45. Næs him tó máðme wyn hyht tó hordgestreónum, Andr. Kmbl. 2229; An. 1116. Sigbég hyhtes corona spei, Rtl. 1, 15. Hygtes, 3, 26. Is mé Moab mínes hyhtes hwer Moab olla spei meæ, Ps. Th. 59, 7. Ðære hǽlo ðe hé us tó hyhte forgeaf for the salvation which he hath given us to hope for, Exon. 16 b; Th. 38, 28; Cri. 613. Hæbbe ic mé tó hyhte heofonríces weard I have the guardian of the kingdom of heaven as my hope, 68 b; Th. 255, 10; Jul. 212. Hæfdon hym tó hyhte helle flóras beornende bealo they had the bottom of hell and burning torments to look forward to, Cd. 214; Th. 269, 8; Sat. 70. Nabbaþ wé tó hyhte nymþe weán and wítu we have nothing to expect but woe and punishments, 220; Th. 285, 9; Sat 335. Se beorn wæs on hyhte the man was in good hopes [of performing his journey], Andr. Kmbl. 478; An. 239; 1274; An. 637. Ic eom wunderlícu wiht wífum on hyhte I am a wondrous creature giving joy to women, Exon. 106 b; Th. 407, 7; Rä. 26, 1: Runic pm. Kmbl. 342, 16; Rún. 16. Hé hí on hihte holdre lǽdde deduxit eos in spe, Ps. Th. 77, 53. Ic háligne gást hyhte belúce emne swá écne I believe the Holy Ghost to be just as eternal, Hy. 10, 41; Hy. Grn. ii. 293, 41. Hé him forgeaf éces lífes hyht, Blickl. Homl. 137, 7. Hí on God ǽnne heora hyht gesetton they placed their hope on God only, 185, 15: Ps. Th. 113, 20. Beón ða ofdrǽdde ða ðe sint ofsette mid flǽsclícum lustum, and nabbaþ nǽnne hiht tó engla werode let those be afraid that are oppressed with fleshly lusts and have nothing to hope for from the angelic host, Homl. Th. i. 222, 29. Ðæt hí gleáwne hiht tó Gode hæfdan ut ponant in Deo spem suam, Ps. Th. 77, 9. Ic hiht on ðon hæbbe georne exultabo, 62, 7. Hyhta leáse helle sóhton hopeless they sought hell, Exon. 75 b; Th. 283, 18; Jul. 682. Hyhtum tó wuldre with hopes of glory, 116 b; Th. 448, 3; Dóm. 48. [O. E. Homl. huht, hiht: Orm. hihht: O. and N. hihte, hiʒte.] DER. tó-, woruld-hyht.
hyhtan; p. te To hope, trust, look forward to with hope or joy, rejoice :-- Ic under fiðrum hihte sub pennis ejus sperabis, Ps. Th. 90, 4. Ic ðé hihte tó sperantem in te, 85, 2. Hihte ic tó ðínra handa hálgum dǽdum in operibus manuum tuarum exultabo, 91, 3. Heorte mín and flǽsc hyhtaþ georne on ðone lifgendan Drihten cor meum et caro mea exultaverunt in Dominum vivum, 83, 2. Hé hyhte tó mé in me speravit, 91, 14. Ðám [ðe] longe his hyhtan hidercyme to those who had long hoped for his advent, Exon. 10 a; Th. 9, 29; Cri. 142. Sione bearn symble hihtan filii Sion exultant, Ps. Th. 149, 2. Se þeóda láreów lǽrde ða rícan ðæt hí heora hiht ne besetton on ðám swicelum welum, ac hihton on God ðæra góda syllend the teacher of the gentiles taught the rich that they should not set their hope on deceitful riches, but should hope in God, the giver of good things, Homl. Th. ii. 328, 1. Wé cunnon hyhtan ðæt wé heofones leóht ágan móton we can hope that we may possess the light of heaven, Fragm. Kmbl. 84; Leás. 44. Ic ellen wylle habban and hlyhhan and mé hyhtan tó I will have courage, and laugh and look forward with hope, Exon. 119 a; Th. 456, 22; Hy. 4, 70: 12 b; Th. 21, 26; Cri. 340. Gód ys on Dryhten tó hyhtanne bonum est confidere in Domino, Ps. Th. 117, 9. [O. and N. hihte.] v. ge-hyhtan.
hyht-ful; adj. Full of hope or joy, joyous, exultant, glad, pleasant :-- Ic þurh Judas ǽr hyhtful gewearþ and nú gebýned eom þurh Judas eft through Judas formerly I became exultant, and now again through Judas am I humiliated, Elen. Kmbl. 1842; El. 923. Ontýn eárna hleóðor ðæt mín gehérnes hehtful weorþe auditui meo dabis gaudium, Ps. C. 50, 78; Ps. Grn. ii. 278, 78. Him on láste beleác hihtfulne hám hálig engel a holy angel closed behind them the pleasant abode [paradise], Cd. 45; Th. 58, 14; Gen. 946. Wé hyhtfulle hǽlo gelýfaþ we, filled with hope, trust the salvation [or hyhtfulle may agree with hǽlo], Exon. 9 b; Th. 8, 17; Cri. 119.
hyht-gifa, an; m. One who gives hope or joy [an epithet of Christ], Elen. Kmbl. 1700; El. 852.
hyht-gifu, e; f. A gift which causes hope or joy, Exon. 94 b; Th. 353, 31; Reim. 21.
hyhting, e; f. Exultation, joy :-- Hihting exultatio, lætitia, Wrt. Voc. ii. 146, 30.
hyht-leás; adj. Without hope [of that which is promised], joyless :-- Áhóf brýd Abrahames hihtleásne hleahtor Abraham's wife laughed incredulously [without hope that the promise of a son would be fulfilled], Cd. 109; Th. 144, 9; Gen. 2387. v. hyht-ful.
hyht-líc; adj. Giving, or having, cause for hope or joy, hopeful, pleasant, joyous, exultant :-- Hyhtlíc heorþwerod a hopeful family, Cd. 78; Th. 96, 35; Gen. 1605. Beóþ ðonne eádge ðe ðǽr in wuniaþ hyhtlíc is ðæt heorþwerud happy are they that dwell therein, joyous is that band, Exon. 93 b; Th. 352, 1; Sch. 91; Cd. 95; Th. 125, 8; Gen. 2076. Hyhtlíc heofontimber the pleasant frame of heaven, 8; Th. 9, 23; Gen. 146: Exon. 116 a; Th. 446, 18; Dóm. 24. Hyhtlícra hám, Cd. 218; Th. 278, 3; Sat. 216: 216; Th. 273, 17; Sat. 138. Ðonne biþ hyhtlícre ... biþ ðæt ǽrende eádiglícre, Soul Kmbl. 250; Seel. 129. Háma hyhtlícost, Andr. Kmbl. 207; An. 104. [O. E. Hom. hihtliche bure a pleasant chamber: cf. Laym. un-huhtlíc.]
hyht-plega, an; m. Joyous play, sport, Exon. 18 b; Th. 46, 14; Cri. 737: 105 b; Th. 402, 12; Rä. 21, 28.
hyht-willa, an; m. Desire accompanied by hope or joy :-- Hyhtwillan leás without hope of attaining any good, Cd. 216; Th. 274, 25; Sat. 159.
hyht-wynn, e; f. Joy of hope :-- Ne þearf hé hopian nó ðæt hé ðonan móte ac dǽr wunian sceal hyhtwynna leás no need has he to hope that he may go thence, but there shall he dwell hopeless and joyless, Judth. 10; Thw. 23, 14; Jud. 121.
hylc, es; m. A bend, turn, winding :-- Ábrocen land vel hilces anfractus, Ælfc. Gl. 100; Som. 77, 9; Wrt. Voc. 55, 12. Wóge hylcas anfractus, reflectus, Hpt. Gl. 448. Hylcas anfractus, 486. Hylcum anfractibus, 493.
hyld, held, es; m. Favour, protection, grace [of a superior to an inferior], loyalty, allegiance [of the inferior to the superior] :-- Ic hálsige eów for ðæs cáseres helda ðæt gé mé secgon I adjure you by your allegiance to the emperor that you tell me, Nicod. 8; Thw. 4, 7. Gecýþe ðæt on Godes helde and on hláfordes let him declare that on his faith towards God and the lord, L. C. S. 23; Th. i. 388, 23. On gesyhþe ðara háligra ðe ðínne held curan in the sight of the saints that chose thine allegiance [chose thee as their lord]; ante conspectum sanctorum tuorum, Ps. Th. 51, 8. Ðe his hyld curon, Cd. 198; Th. 246, 19; Dan. 481. Gé ðe úres ðaes hálgan Godes held begangeþ ye who practise loyally towards our holy God, Ps. Th. 133, 2. Ðeáh ðe ic on mínes húses hyld gegange si introiero in tabernaculum domus meæ, 131, 3. Hyld hæfde his ferlorene he had lost the favour of his chief, Cd. 16; Th. 20, 1; Gen. 301. Hæfde wuldres beám werud gelǽded on hild godes the pillar of glory had conducted the host into the favour of God, 170; Th. 214, 13; Exod. 568. On gástes hyld, 195; Th. 243, 23; Dan. 440. Hylda leáse without favours, Exon. 53 a; Th. 186, 20; Az. 21. Ðé ǽfre on fullum hyldum hold and on fulre lufe faithful to thee with full faith and with full love, Chart. Th. 598, 31. For eówrum hyldum ðe gé mé symble cýddon for your fidelity that yon have ever shewn me, L. Edg. 5, 12; Th. i. 276, 19. v. helde, hyldu, gehyld, hold; Grmm. R. A. 252.
hyldan, heldan; p. de; trans. and intrans. To bend, incline, heel, tilt :-- Ðú gestaþoladest eorþan swíðe fæstlíce ðæt heó ne helt on náne healfe thou hast fixed earth very firmly, so that it does not incline to any side, Bt. 33, 4; Fox 130, 36. Heldeþ, Bt. Met. Fox 20, 327; Met. 20, 164. Hylde hine hleór bolster onféng he bent himself [to the couch] and the pillow received his cheek, Beo. Th. 1380; B. 688. Ðá hig hyra andwlitan on eorþan hyldan cum declinarent vultum in terram, Lk. Skt. 24, 5. Hié tó gebede hyldon they bent down to pray, Andr. Kmbl. 2054; An. 1029. Ne hyld ðú míne heortan ut non declines cor meum, Ps. Th. 140, 5. Ic hyldan mé ne dorste I dare not bow myself [the Ruthwell cross has hælda ik ni darstæ], Rood Kmbl. 90; Kr. 45. Is mín feorh tó helldore hylded geneahhe vita mea in infernum appropinquavit, Ps. Th. 87, 3. [Laym. scipen gunnen helden: A. R. helden wín ine wunden: Prompt. Parv. heldyñ or bowyñ inclino, flecto, deflecto, p. 234, see note: Wick. Piers P. helde fundere: O. Sax. af-heldian: Icel. halla to lean or turn sideways; hella to pour out; Dan. hælde to incline: Swed. hälla: O. H. Ger. halden vergere, recubare; haldian, heldian inclinare, declinare.] DER. á-, on-hyldan.
hyldan; f. de To flay, take off the skin :-- Hyldeþ discoriat, Wrt. Voc. ii. 140, 78. And hyldon ða offrunge detractaque pelle hostiæ, Lev. 1, 6. [Laym. Wick. hilde: Icel. hylda to slash.] v. be-, on-hyldan; hold and hyldere.
hyld-áþ, es; m. An oath of fealty or fidelity :-- Ðus man sceal swerigean hyldáþas in this manner are oaths of fealty to be sworn, L. O. 1; Th. i. 178, 2: see 252, 5. v. hold-áþ.
hylde, an; f. The slope of a hill :-- Óþ ðæs clifas norþ hyldan to the north side of the cliff, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 418, 24. [Icel. hallr; m. a slope, hill: O. H. Ger. halda; f. clivus.] v. hyldan, held.
-hylde. v. earfoþ-, on-hylde and heald.
hylde-mǽg, es; m. A near and dear kinsman, Cd. 52; Th. 67, 1; Gen. 1094: 94; Th. 122, 25; Gen. 2032.
hyldere, es; m. A flayer, butcher :-- Hyldere oððe cwellere oððe flǽsctawere lanio vel lanista vel carnifex vel macellarius, Ælfc. Gl. 113; Som. 79, 121; Wrt. Voc. 60, 27. From hylderum a lanionibus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 10, 2. v. hyldan, hold.
hylding, e; f. A bending, inclination; curvatura, Wrt. Voc. ii. 23, 66.
hyld-rǽden, e; f. Fidelity :-- Ǽlc óðrum áþ on háligdóme sealde sóðre heldrǽdenne each should give to other on the relics an oath of true fidelity, Chart. Th. 610, 32. v. hold-rǽden.
hyldu, e; hyldo; indecl. f. Kindness, favour, affection, friendship, grace, fidelity, loyalty [v. hold.] :-- Ys mé heortan gehygd hyldu Drihtnes Deus cordis mei, Ps. Th. 72, 21. His hyldo is unc betere tó gewinnanne ðonne his wiðermédo his favour is better for us to gain than his hostility, Cd. 30; Th. 41, 20; Gen. 659. Ðé wæs leófra his sibb and hyldo ðonne ðín sylfes bearn his [God's] peace and grace were dearer to thee than thine own child, 141; Th. 176, 33; Gen. 292l. Unc is his hyldo þearf we need his favour, 32; Th. 41, 30; Gen. 664: Judth. 9; Thw. 21, 3; Jud. 4. Hyldo tó wedde as a pledge of favour, Beo. Th. 5989; B. 2998. For ealdre hyldo from old friendship; amicitia vetus, Ors. 3, 9; Swt. 130, 28. Eallum monnum nánuht swá gód ne þuhte swá hié tó his hyldo becóme to all men nothing seemed so good as to obtain his favour, 5, 15; Swt. 250, 18. Ácwæþ hine fram his hyldo, Cd. 16; Th. 20, 6; Gen. 304. Hyldo affectum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 1, 12. Swá ic áge Pharaones helde so may I possess the favour of Pharaoh; per salutem Pharaonis, Gen. 42, 15. Wé hraðe begytan hyldo ðíne cito anticipet nos misericordia tua, Ps. Th. 78, 8. Wutun úrum Hǽlende hyldo gebeódan jubilemus Deo salutari nostro, 94, 1. Ic hyldo sóhte I sought grace, 118, 123. Englas ðe ǽr godes hyldo gelǽston angels who were loyal to God, Cd. 17; Th. 21, 9; Gen. 321: Ps. Th. 55, 10: 84, 8. [O. Sax. huldi grace, favour, devotion: O. Frs. helde, hulde: Icel. hylli favour, grace: O. H. Ger. huldi gratia, favor, devotio, fides: Ger. huld.] DER. hláford-, un-hyldu; and see helde, hyld.
hyll, es; m: e; f. A hill :-- Hyll collis, Ælfc. Gl. 97; Som. 76, 62; Wrt. Voc. 54, 6. Þurþ hylles hróf through the top of the hill, Exon. 104 b; Th. 397, 29; Rä. 16, 27. Stondende on lytlum hylle, Shrn. 70, 14. Hí huntiaþ hí of ǽlcere hylle they shall hunt them from every hill, Homl. Th. i. 576, 28. Hyllas montes, Ps. Spl. C. 71, 3. Hyllas and heá beorgas. Cd. 192; Th. 240, 7; Dan. 383. Hyllas and cnollas, Exon. 18 a; Th. 45, 11; Cri. 717. Gebígde synt hylla middaneardes incurvati sunt colles mundi, Cant. Abac. 6. Dúna and hylla montes et colles, Hymn. T. P. 75. Ðonne hie cweþaþ tó ðǽm dúnum and tó ðǽm hyllum tunc incipient dicere montibus et collibus, Blickl. Homl. 93, 33: Lk. Skt. Lind. 23, 30. [Laym. A. R. hul: Orm. hill: Ayenb. hell: Prompt. Parv. hylle.] v. sand-hyll.
hyll-háma, an; m. A cricket :-- Hilháma cicada, Ælfc. Gl. 37; Som. 63, 7; Wrt. Voc. 29, 29. Hylleháma oððe gærstapa cicada, ii. 21, 54. v. háma.
hyll-wyrt, e; f. Hill-wort :-- Hylwurt samum, Ælfc. Gl. 40; Som. 63, 82; Wrt. Voc. 30, 34. Hylwyrt pollegia, 44; Som. 64, 83; Wrt. Voc. 32, 19. v. Lchdm. ii. 392, col. 2. In E. D. S. Plant Names hillwort is given as [1] mentha pulegium; [2] thymus serpyllum.
hyl-song a timbrel :-- On hylsongæ in tympano, Ps. Spl. T. 150, 4.
hylsten. v. hilsten (Appendix).
hylte, es; m. A wood, shrubbery :-- Scoom hylti frutices, Wrt. Voc. ii. 39, 60.
hymblícae cicuta, Ep. Gl. 7 d, 8. v. hemlíc.
Hymbre. v. Norþan-; Norþ-, Súþ-hymbre.
hymele, an; f. The hop plant; humulus lupulus, Lchdm. ii. 392, col. 2. [Icel. humall: Dan. humle hop-plant.]
hymen, es; m. A hymn :-- Be ðam hymene ðe wé be hire geworhton of the hymn that we composed about her, Bd. 4, 19; S. 587, 16.
hýnan, hénan; p. de To abuse, humiliate, rebuke, correct, treat with insult or contumely, despise, oppress, afflict, ill-treat, bring or lay low, subject :-- Ðám ilcan monnum ðe hé ðǽr þreátaþ and hénþ ipsis fratribus qui corriguntur, Past. 17, 7; Swt. 117, 16. Ða ðe he ðǽr hínþ those whom he subjects there, 33, 2; Swt. 218, 19. Hé hermcweðend hýneþ humiliabit calumniatorem, Ps. Th. 71, 5. Seðe iuih gehéneþ mec hénes seðe wutedlíce mec hénes gehéneþ ðone seðe mec sende qui vos spernit me spernit, qui autem me spernit spernit eum qui me misit, Lk. Skt. Lind. 10, 16. Ðæt se bealofulla hýneþ heardlíce the baleful one cruelly afflicts it, Exon. 11 b; Th. 16, 27; Cri. 260. Hí hýnaþ da heorde ðe hí sceoldan healdan they ill-treat the flock that they ought to keep, L. I. P. 12; Th. ii. 320, 17: Swt. A. S. Rdr. 109, 135. Ic hiora fýnd fylde and hýnde ad nihilum inimicos eorum humiliassem, Ps. Th. 80, 13. Hé Godes hálgan hýnde mid wítum he oppressed God's saints with torments, Homl. Th. ii. 310, 25. Hé bebeád ðæt hié mon on ǽlce healfe hiénde he ordered that they should be treated with insult on every side, Ors. 6, 3; Swt. 258, 6. Se gúþsceaþa Geáta leóde hatode and hýnde, Beo. Th. 4627; B. 2319. Hé heów and hýnde he smote and felled, Byrht. Th. 141, 18; By. 324. Hí Godes cyrican hýndan and bærndon they evilly entreated and burned the churches of God, Chr. 684; Erl. 41, 22. Hý ða slogon and hýndón ðe ealle Rómáne friþian woldon, Ors. 4, 1; Bos. 79, 4. Hefe dú ðíne handa and hýn hiora oferhygd raise thine hand and humble their pride; leva manum tuam in superbiam eorum in finem, Ps. Th. 73, 4. Ne hén ðú ne despicias, Rtl. 43, 13. Hergian and hýnan to ravage and ill-use, Ors. 4, 1; Bos. 79, 1. Of ðæs handum ðe hine hýnan wolde from the hands of him that would have laid him low, Homl. Th. ii. 510, 23. Hé sceal rýperas and reáferas hatian and hýnan robbers and plunderers he must hate and humble, L. I. P. 2; Th. ii. 304, 20. Ic wolde helpan ðæs ðe unscyldig wǽre and hénan ðone ðe hine yfelode, Bt. 38, 6; Fox 208, 17. Hénan ða yflan and fyrþrian ða gódan to bring the evil low and to promote the good, 39, 2; Fox 212, 22. Ic eom frymdi tó ðé ðæt hí helsceaþan hýnan ne móton I am suppliant to thee that fiends of hell may not evil entreat it [the soul], Byrht. Th. 137, 3; By. 180. [O. E. Hom. stala and steorfa swiðe eow scal hene: Laym. hænen and hatien; Goth. haunjan to humiliate: O. Frs. héna: O. H. Ger. hónjan debilitare, illudere: Ger. höhnen.] DER. á-, for-, ge-hýnan; and see heán.
-hynde. v. six-, twelf-, twý-hynde.
hynden, e; f. A legal association of one hundred men. It will appear from the following passage that the hynden was an association of ten tithings :-- Ðæt wé tellan á x. menn tógædere and se yldesta bewiste ða nigene tó ǽlcum ðara geláste ðara ðe wé ealle gecwǽdon and syððan ða hyndena heora tógædere and ǽnne hyndenman ðe ða x. mynige tó úre ealre gemǽne þearfe and hig xi. healdan ðære hyndene feoh [resolved:] that we always count ten men together, and that the chief one should direct the nine in each of those duties that we have all agreed upon; and then groups of ten tithings and [in each such group] one chief man [hyndenman] who may admonish the ten [chiefs of tithings] to the common benefit of us all; and let these eleven keep the money of the hynden to which they belong, L. Æðelst. v. 3; Th. i. 230, 22-232, 3. On ðære hyndenne, L. In. 54; Th. i. 136, 11. v. next word; and see for a discussion of the term Kemble's Saxons in England, i. 242, sqq.
hynden-mann, es; m. The head man of a hynden :-- Ðæt wé ús gegaderian á emban ǽnne mónaþ gif wé mágon and æmtan habban ða hyndenmenn and ða ðe ða teóþunge bewitan ... and habban ða xii [xi?] menn heora metscype tógædere [resolved:] that we gather to us once every month, if we can and have leisure, the hyndenmen and those who direct the tithings ... and let these eleven [the hyndenman and one from each tithing in the hynden of which he was the head] have their refection together, L. Æðelst. v. 8; Th. i. 236, 1-6. v. preceding word; and cf. hundred-mann.
hyngrian, hyngran; p. ode, ede To hunger. I. with nom. of person :-- Eádige synd gé ðe hingriaþ nú beati qui nunc esuritis, Lk. Skt. 6, 21. Eádige ða ðe rihtwísnesse hingriaþ beati qui esuriunt justitiam, Mt. Kmbl. 5, 6. Hingrian is of untrumnysse ðæs gecynnes esurire ex infirmitate naturæ est, Bd. 1, 27; S. 494, 14. Hwænne gesáwe wé ðé hingrigendne quando te vidimus esurientem, Mt. Kmbl. 25, 37. Ðane hingriendan famelicum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 34, 27. Gé géfon hingrendum hláf, Exon. 27 b; Th. 83, 12; Cri. 1355. God gefylþ ða hingrigendan mid his gódum, Homl. Th. i. 202, 35. II. with dat. or acc. of person :-- Siððan him hingrode afterwards he hungered, 166, 12. Him nán þing ne hingrode, 168, 19. Hine hingrede esuriit, Lk. Skt. 4, 2. Mé hingrode esurivi, Mt. Kmbl. 25, 35. Ðá ongan hyne syððan hingrian postea esuriit, 4, 2. [Piers P. þe hungreþ: Goth. huggrjan impers. with acc.: O. Sax. gihungrian: O. Frs. hungera: Icel. hungra: O. H. Ger. hungarian pers. and impers. with acc. esurire: Ger. hungern.] v. ge-hyngran.
hyngrig; adj. Hungry :-- Ic wæs hingcgrig esurivi, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 25, 35. v. hungrig.
hýn-ness, e; f. Humiliation, abasement, proscription :-- Unsceaþþiendra hýnnysse proscriptionibus innocentum, Bd. 1, 6; S. 476, 25, note. v. heán, hýnan.
hynni-laec ascolonium, Ep. Gl. 2 d, 6. v. enne-leác.
hýnþ, e; hýnþu [-o]; indecl. f. Humiliation, abasement, disgrace, contempt, injury, harm, loss :-- Hýnþ vel lyre vel hearm dispendium vel damnum vel detrimentum, Ælfc. Gl. 81; Som. 73, 24; Wrt. Voc. 47, 29. Mycel hýnþ and sceamu hyt ys men nelle wesan ðæt ðæt hé ys and ðæt ðe hé wesan sceal magnum damnum et verecundia est homini nolle esse quod est, et quod esse debet, Coll. Monast. Th. 32, 3. Hénþa detrimentum, damnum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 140, 69. Sorh is mé tó secganne hwæt mé Grendel hafaþ hýnþo gefremed a grief it is to me to say what harm Grendel hath done me, Beo. Th. 954; B. 475: 1190; B. 593. Undóm déman earmum tó hýnþe to judge unjust judgment to the injury of the poor, L. I. P. 11; Th. ii. 318, 24. Hí willaþ geinnian ða æftran hínþe mid ðám uferan gestreónum they desire to supply the consequent loss with the heavenly gains, Hom. Th. i. 340, 33. Hýnþu and hráfyl injury and slaughter, Beo. Th. 559; B. 277. Wé hénþo geþoliaþ we shall suffer humiliation, Cd. 222; Th. 289, 18; Sat. 399. Helle hiénþu heofones mǽrþu the disgrace of hell, the glory of heaven, Exon. 16 b; Th. 37, 10; Cri. 591. Hýnþu unrim ills unnumbered, Cd. 37; Th. 48, 15; Gen. 776. Fela heardra hýnþa many cruel injuries, Beo. Th. 334; B. 166. Hénþa, Bt. Met. Fox 12, 41; Met. 12, 21. Ná beóþ ða eádige ðe for hýnþum oððe lirum hwílwendlícra hyðða heófiaþ they are not blessed, who mourn for losses of temporal comforts, Homl. Th. i. 550, 28. Eall gé ðæt mé dydon tó hýnþum ye did all that against me, Exon. 30 a; Th. 92, 24; Cri. 1514. Hié in hýnþum sculon wergþu dreógan in abject state shall they undergo damnation, Elen. Kmbl. 420; El. 210. Ðú hweorfest of hénþum in gehyld godes thou shall go from humiliations into the grace of God, Andr. Kmbl. 233; An. 117. Ðæt wé on ðam tóweardan lífe hýnþa forbúgan mágon that in the life to come we may escape disgrace, H. R. 17, 29. Hénþa, Dóm. L. 6, 88. Ic heóld nú nigon geár wið ealle hýnþa ðínes fæder gestreón I have kept now nine years thy father's wealth from all losses, Homl. Skt. 9, 42. [O. E. Hom. henð: O. H. Ger. hónida contumelia, ignominia, calumnia, dedecor, crimen, humilitas.] v. heán, hýnan.
HYPE, es; m. The HIP, haunch, upper part of the thigh :-- Hype clunis, Wrt. Voc. 71, 49: ilia, ii. 110, 54. Ánra gehwylc hæfde sweord ofer his hype for nihtlícum ege every man had his sword upon his thigh because of fear in the night [Song of Sol. 3, 8], Blickl. Homl. 11, 18. Dó his sweord tó his hype ponat vir gladium super femur suum, Past. 49, 2; Swt. 383, 2. Hypas clunes, Ælfc. Gl. 74; Som. 71, 70; Wrt. Voc. 44, 52. [A. R. R. Glouc. hupe: Wick. Chauc. hipe, hippe: Goth. hups; m: Icel. huppr: m: O. H. Ger. huf; f. femur, coxa, clunis: Ger. hüfte.]
hýpe, an; f. A heap :-- Hýpe acervus, Wrt. Voc. 74, 70. Hí beóþ gegaderode tó micelre hýpan gif wé hí weaxan lǽtaþ they will be gathered together into a great heap, if we let them grow, Homl. Th. ii. 466, 7. Goldes and seolfres ungeríme hýpan, i. 450, 21. [Cf. O. H. Ger. húfo; m. strues, acervus, tumulus, congeries.] v. mold-hýpe, heáp.
hype-bán, es; n. The hip-bone, Ælfc. Gl. 74; Som. 71, 54; Wrt. Voc. 44, 37. Hupbán catacrinis, ii. 22, 63. Hupbánan lumbi, 54, 11.
hýpel, es; m. A heap :-- On hýpel in cumulum, in augmentationem, Hpt. Gl. 465. Hypplas congeries, 499. On reáde hýplas in rubicundas congeries, 449. Cf. scald-hýflas vel sond-hyllas alga, Wrt. Voc. ii. 99, 73. [Hupel acervus, Wrt. Voc. 89, 44: Wick. hipil: Trev. huples; pl. Cf. also Wick. hipilmelum acervatim.]
hype-, hup-seax, es; n. A knife hanging at the hip, a dagger, short sword :-- Lytel sweord vel hypesex pugio vel clunabulum, Ælfc. Gl. 52; Som. 65, 50; Wrt. Voc. 35, 37. Helm oððe hupseax, Exon. 79 a; Th. 297, 6; Crä. 64. Helmas and hupseax, Judth. 12; Th. 26, 15; Jud. 328.
hype-werc, es; m. Pain in the hip, sciatica :-- Hipwerc sciascis, Ælfc. Gl. 11; Som. 57, 42; Wrt. Voc. 19, 45.
HÝR, e; f. HIRE, payment for service done or money lent, interest :-- Ne nim ðú ná máre æt him tó hýre ðonne ðú sealdest. Ne syle ðú ðín feoh tó hýre computabuntur fructus ex tempore, quo vendidit, et quod reliquum est, reddet emptori. Pecuniam tuam non dabis ad usuram, Lev. 25, 27, 37. Tó híre ad usuram, Deut. 23, 19. Hwí ne sealdest ðú mín feoh tó hýre quare non dedisti pecuniam meam ad mensam, Lk. Skt. 19, 23. Ðe hyra feoh lǽnaþ tó hýre qui pecuniam suam mutuam dant fænore, L. Ecg. P. iii. proem; Th. ii. 194, 31. [Laym. hure: A. R. hure, huire: Piers P. hyre: Wick. hire: Du. huur wages: Dan. hyre hire: O. Frs. hére a lease.]
hýra, an; m. A hired servant, hireling :-- Se hýra se ðe nis hyrde mercenarius qui non est pastor, Jn. Skt. 10, 12, 13: Homl. Th. i. 238, 14: 240, 15. Hýrena þeáwe gé fleóþ ... swá se hýra ðonne hé ðone wulf gesyhþ ye flee after the manner of hirelings ... as the hireling does when he sees the wolf, Past. 15, 1; Swt. 38, 14.
hýra, an; m. One who is subject to another :-- Æþelbryhtes hýra sub potestate positus Ædilbercti, Bd. 2, 3; S. 504, 21.
HÝRAN, heran, hiéran; p. de [with acc., with infin., and with acc. and infin.] I. to HEAR, hear of :-- Morgensteorran ðe wé óðre naman ǽfensteorra nemnan héraþ the morning star which we hear called evening star by another name, Bt. Met. Fox 4, 29; Met. 4, 15. Nǽnigne ic sélran hýrde hordmádmum no better treasure did I ever hear of, Beo. Th. 2399; B. 1197. Ǽfre ic ne hýrde ðon cymlícor ceól gehladenne heáhgestreónum never have I heard of a bark any fairer laden with treasures, Andr. Kmbl. 720; An. 360. Wundorlícor ðonne ǽfre byre monnes hýrde more wonderfully than ever child of man heard, Exon. 57 b; Th. 206, 19; Ph. 129. Ic londbúend secgan hýrde I have heard the people of the country say, Beo. Th. 2697; B. 1346. Ne hýrde ic idese lǽdan mægen fægerre I have not heard of a queen leading a fairer force, Elen. Kmbl. 480; El. 240. Hýrde ic ðæt hé ðone healsbeáh Hygde gesealde I have heard that he gave the collar to Hygd, Beo. Th. 4350; B. 2172. II. to listen to, follow, serve, obey, be subject to, belong to :-- Ic héro servio, Lk. Skt. Lind. 15, 29. Se port hýrþ in on Dene the port belongs to the Danes, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 19, 24. Ic gean ðæs landes æt Holungaburnan and ðæs ðe ðǽrtó hýrþ I grant the land at Hollingbourn and what belongs thereto, Chart. Th. 558, 27. Se haga æt Wiltúne ðe hýrþ intó Wilig, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 415, 4. Hé mínum lǽrum hýreþ [MS. hyraþ] he listens to my teachings, Exon. 71 a; Th. 264, 29; Jul. 371. Ða men ðe híraþ intó heora mynstre the men that belong to their minster, L. Ælfc. P. 49; Th. ii. 384, 4. Ða ígland ðe in Denemearce hýraþ, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 19, 31. Ðás land eall hýraþ tó Denemearcan, 36; 20, 4. Inc hýraþ eall all shall be subject to you two, Cd. 10; Th. 13, 20; Gen. 205. Gif gé hýraþ mé if ye obey me, 106; Th. 139, 26; Gen. 2315. Ðú tunglu genédest ðæt hie ðé tó héraþ legem pati sidera cogis, Bt. Met. Fox 4, 10; Met. 4, 5. Hýrde on ðam ða bysene ðæs ǽrestan hyrdes Godes cyricean in quo exemplum sequebatur primi pastoris ecclesiæ, Bd. 2, 4; S. 505, 11. Hié cwǽdan ðæt se án wǽre sóþ God se ðe Martinus hýrde they said that he alone was true God whom Martin followed, Blickl. Homl. 231, 1. Englas hérdon him angeli ministrabant illi, Mk. Skt. Rush. 1, 13. Ðæt Israhélisce folc hýrdon gode and Moise his þeówe populus crediderunt domino et Moysi servo ejus, Ex. 14, 31. Tó ðǽm landum eallum ðe ðǽrtó hiérdon to all the lands that thereto belonged, Chr. 912; Erl. 100, 32. Filgan hí ðam láfordscipe ðe ðæt land tó hýre let them follow the lordship that the land belongs to, Chart. Th. 549, 33. Eal ðæt folc ðe ðé híran sceal omnis populus qui subjectus est tibi, Ex. 11, 8. Ne mæg nán mon twám hláfordum hiéran nemo potest duobus dominis servire, Past. 18, 2; Swt. 129, 24. Héra, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 6, 24. Gif hé Gode wile rihtlíce hýran, L. Edg. C. 60, note; Th. ii. 256, 36. Him ǽghwilc hýran scolde gomban gyldan him each one had to obey, to him pay tribute, Beo. Th. 20; B. 10. Héran, Bt. Met. Fox 1, 61; Met. 1, 31. Holdlíce hýran woldon were ready loyally to obey, Andr. Kmbl. 3277; An. 1641. Hǽðengild hýran wig weorþian to follow false Gods, to worship idols, Apstls. Kmbl. 94; Ap. 47. [Goth. hausjan: O. Sax. hórian to hear, obey: O. Frs. héra: Icel. heyra to hear, hearken; belong to: Dan. höre: O. H. Ger. hórian audire, auscultare, obedire, pertinere: Ger. hören.] DER. ge-, mis-, ofer-hýran.
hyrcnian to hearken, Andr. Kmbl. 1307; An. 654: Exon. 47 b; Th. 162, 21; Gú. 979. v. heorcnian.
hyrdan, herdan, hierdan; p. de To make hard, strong or bold, to embolden, encourage, brace :-- Sóna æfter ðon suíðe líðelíce hierde [hirde, Cott. MS.] ða ðe hé unfæsðráde wisse caute monendo postmodum, quæ infirma sunt, roborat, Past. 32, 2; Swt. 213, 8. Tó ðam wáge geság heafelan onhylde hyrde ðá géna ellen on innan to the wall he sank, bowed his head, yet within did he brace up his strength, Exon. 51 a; Th. 178, 15; Gú. 1244. Hyrde hine georne diligently encouraged him, Wald. 1; Vald. 1, 1. Herd hyge ðínne heortan staðola make thy soul strong, firm fix thine heart, Andr. Kmbl. 2427; An. 1215. [Goth. ga-hardjan to harden: O. Sax. gi-herdian to make strong, firm: O. Frs. herda: Icel. herða to harden, temper [iron]; to exhort, cheer: O. H. Ger. hartian confortare.] DER. á-, for-, ge-, on-hyrdan. v. heardian.
hyrdel, es; m. A hurdle, a frame of intertwined twigs or bars :-- Hyrdel cleta, cratis, Ælfc. Gl. 29; Som. 61, 44; Wrt. Voc. 26, 43: cratis i. flecta, 49; Som. 65, 88; Wrt. Voc. 34, 20. Ðá forlét se cásere ðone hálgan líchaman uppon ðam ísenan hyrdle then the emperor left the holy body [of St. Lawrence] on the iron hurdle, Homl. Th. i. 430, 23. Hyrþil cratem, flecta, Wrt. Voc. ii. 105, 45. Hyrdlas crates, 80, 22. [Prompt. Parv. hyrdel plecta, flecta, cratis: R. Glouc. an chyrche of herdles and of ʒerden: cf. Goth. haurds a door: Icel. hurð a door, a hurdle: O. H. Ger. hurt crates, craticula: Ger. hürde a hurdle.]
hyrdung, e; f. Strengthening, restoring :-- Hyrdung constructio vel instructio: ealdere timbrunga bóte instructio: niwe timbrung constructio, Ælfc. Gl. 62; Som. 68, 74-6; Wrt. Voc. 39, 57-9. v. hyrdan, á-hyrding.
hýre-borg, es; m. Interest, usury :-- Hiéreborg (or ? hiére, borg) fenus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 88, 18.
hýred-ness fame, report; fama, Lye.
hýre-gilda, an; m. One who receives (?) pay for service, a mercenary :-- Hýregildan mercedarii, Ælfc. Gl. 8; Som. 56, 96; Wrt. Voc. 18, 46.
hyrel [?] :-- Andlang ðære fyrh ðæt hit cymþ tó hyrel; ðonne þwyres ofer hyrel on ða furh ofer clǽnan dúne, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 435, 9.
hýre-, hiére-, hýr-mann, es; m. One who obeys, or is subject to, another, a subject, follower, servant, subordinate, [as an ecclesiastical term] a parishioner, a hearer: -- Forðon oft for ðæs láreówes unwísdóme misfaraþ ða hiéremenn and oft for ðæs láreówes wísdóme unwísum hiéremonnum biþ geborgen for often from the ignorance of the teacher the followers go astray, and often from the wisdom of the teacher the followers are preserved; per pastorum ignorantiam hi, qui sequuntur, offendant, Past. 1, 4; Swt. 29, 5. Se hrygc ðæt sint ða hiéremenn hi, qui subsequenter inhærent, dorsa nominantur, Swt. 29, 12. On óðre wísan sint tó monianne ða ealdormen on oðre wísan ða hiéremenn quomodo admonendi subditi et prælati, 28; Swt. 189, 13. Bist ðú úre cyning oððe beóþ wé ðíne hýrmen rex noster eris aut subjiciemur ditioni tuæ? Gen. 37, 8. Wé beódaþ eác úrum híremannum we also command our subjects, L. Æðelst. v. 8, 7; Th. i. 238, 1. Æt his hýremannum from his subordinates, 11; Th. i. 240, 16. Eówrum hýremonnum cýðon to make known to your parishioners, L. E. I. 26; Th. ii. 422, 20. His hiéremonnum auditores suos, Past. 8; Swt. 53, 17: His hýrmen, L. Ælfc. P. 46; Th. ii. 384, 22. Is gehwylcum mæssepreost micel þearf ðæt hé his hýremen georne lǽre, L. E. I. 25; Th. ii. 422, 6; 28; Th. ii. 424, 33. v. hýran.
hýr-geoht, es; n. A hired yoke of oxen :-- Be hýrgeohte, L. In. 60; Th. i. 140, 7.
hýrian; p. ode: hýran; p. de; pp. ed To hire :-- Ús nán man ne hýrode nemo nos conduxit, Mt. Kmbl. 20, 7. Nán man ús ne hýrde, Homl. Th. ii. 76, 5. Seðe wolde hýrian wyrhtan, 72, 19. [A. R. huren: Prompt. Parv. hyryñ conduco: Laym. hureden, p. pl: Piers P. huyred, pp; O. Frs. héra: O. Dut. hueren: M. L. Ger. huren.] v. á-hýrian, ge-hýran.
hyrian; p. ede To imitate :-- Hió hyrigaþ monnum they imitate men, Bt. 41, 5; Fox 252, 26. v. æfter-, on-hyrian.
hýrig-mann, es; m. A subject, follower, parishioner :-- Hýrigmonnum, L. E. I. 26; Th. ii. 422, 27. Hýrigmen, 28; Th. ii. 424, 16. v. hýre-mann.
hýrig-mann, es; m. A person hired to work :-- Ðá gewearþ ðam hláforde and ðam hýrigmannum wið ánum peninge an agreement to work for a penny was made between the lord and the workmen he had hired, Th. An. 73, 30.
hýrling, es; m. A hireling, one who works for hire :-- Hí heora fæder on scipe forléton mid hýrlingum relicto patre suo in navi cum mercenariis, Mk. Skt. 1, 20.
hýr-mann, es; m. One who works for hire :-- Hýrman mercenarius, Wrt. Voc. 86, 40. Mid ðǽm hýremonnum cum mercenariis, Mk. Skt. Rush. 1, 20. [Hurmon, Wrt. Voc. 95, 51.]
hyrnan; p. de To project in the shape of a horn or wedge :-- Andlang ðæs streámes on ðone mǽdham ðe hyrnþ into Scylftúne and fram Scylftúne andlang streámes ðæt it cymþ tó ðam mylewere ðe nymþ intó duceling dúne along the stream to the meadow-enclosure that projects wedge-shaped into Scylfton; and from Scylfton along stream until it comes to the mill-weir that juts out into Ducklingdown, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iv. 92, 29. [Cf. 'Herne, a nook of land, projecting into another district, parish, or field,' Forby.] v. hyrne.
hyrne, an; f. A horn, corner, angle :-- Hyrne angulus, Wrt. Voc. 80, 73. Ðæt wæter ðe man ða bán mid áþwoh binnan ðære cyrcan wearþ ágoten on ánre hyrnan the water that the bones were washed with in the church was poured away in a corner, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 100, 162. Tó ðæs hegges hyrnan to the corner of the hedge, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 423, 18. Tó mórmǽde norþ hyrnan, 449, 19. On strǽta hyrnum in angulis platearum, Mt. Kmbl. 5, 6. On ðæs weofodes hyrnan super cornua altaris, Ex. 29, 12: Lev. 4, 18: 8, 15. On ða feówer hyrnan ðære earce per quatuor arcæ angulos, Past. 22, 1; Swt. 169, 21. [A. R. hurne: R. Glouc. hurne: Prompt. Parv. hyrne angulus, see note, p. 241: Chauc. herne: Piers P. huirne, hirne, hyrne: O. Frs. herne: Icel. hyrna one of the horns or points of an axe-head; a mountain peak.] v. horn.
hyrned; adj. Provided with a horn or beak [of a ship], having angles or corners: :-- Ða hyrnedan næddran the horned snakes, Homl. Th. i. 102, 7. Hyrnde ciólas ships having horn-shaped prows, Bt. Met. Fox 26, 46; Met. 26, 23. v. án-, eahta-, ofer-, six-hyrned.
hyrned-nebba; adj. Horny- or hard-beaked [epithet of raven and eagle], Judth. ii; Thw. 24, 28; Jud. 212: Chr. 937; Erl. 115, 11; Æðelst. 62.
hyrnen; adj. Made of horn :-- On stefne bémen hyrnenre [Ps. Spl. býman hyrnendre; Ps. Stev. hornes hyrnes; Wick. þe hornene trumpe] voce tubæ corneæ, Ps. Lamb. 97, 6. [O. H. Ger. hurnin corneus.]
hýr-ness, e; f. Obedience, subjection, a district in subjection to secular or ecclesiastical authority :-- His mód biþ áfédd mid ðære smeáunga ðære wilnunga oðerra monna hiérnesse in occulta meditatione cogitationis ceterorum subjectione pascitur, Past. 8, 2; Swt. 55, 6, Hé underþeódde and him tó hérenysse geteáh subjecit, Bd. 3, 24; S. 557, 33. Wæs hé ǽrest arcebiscopa ðæt him eall Angelcynn hýrnysse geþafode is primus erat in archiepiscopis, cui omnis Anglorum ecclesia manus dare consentiret, 4, 2; S. 565, 22. Underþeódde on hérnysse subjecti, 30; S. 561, 36. Ne spane nán mæssepreóst nánne mon of óðre cyrcean hýrnysse tó his cyrcan ne of oðre preóstscyre lǽre ðæt mon his cyrcan geséce let no priest entice any man from the parish of another church to his church, nor persuade any one to come from another district to attend his church, L. E. I. 14; Th. ii. 410, 31. Eall Beorcleá hýrnesse hí áwǽston, Chr. 1087; Erl. 224, 21. From hwǽm ondfóaþ gæfle oððe hérnisse a quibus accipiunt tributum vel censum? Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 17, 25. v. mis-hýrness; hýran, hýre-mann.
hyrnetu, hyrnet, e; f. A hornet :-- Hyrnet crabro, Ælfc. Gl. 22; Som. 59, 107; Wrt. Voc. 23, 63. Hyrnetu crabro, ii. 16, 25. Hurnitu, 105, 46. Ic ásende hyrnytta mittam crabrones, Ex. 23, 28. [O. H. Ger. hornuz crabro, scabro: Ger. horniss.]
hyrn-ful; adj. Full of corners; angulosus, Hpt. Gl. 409.
hyrn-stán, es; m. A. corner-stone :-- Hé is se hyrnstán ðe gefégþ ða twegen weallas tógædere he is the corner-stone that joins together the two walls, Homl. Th. i. 106, 12, 23. [Orm. he wass himm sellf þatt hirnestan þatt band ta tweʒʒenn waʒhess.]
hýr-oxa, an; m. A hired ox, L. In. 60; Th. i. 140, 7, note.
hyrst, e; f. An ornament, a decoration, jewel, anything of value, trapping, equipment, armour, implement :-- Hyrsta falerarum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 36, 74. Hryste farelas, 108, 34. Hyrsta scýne bord and brád swyrd brúne helmas beautiful equipments, shield and broad sword, brown helms, Judth. 12; Thw. 26, 9; Jud. 317: Fins. Th. 41; Fin. 20. Bég and siglu eall swylce hyrsta swylce on horde ǽr men genumen hæfdon ring[s] and jewels, just such ornaments as before men had taken in the hoard, Beo. Th. 6309; B. 3165. Íren byrnan heard swyrd hilted and his helm háres hyrste the iron byrnie, the hard and hilted sword, and his helm, the hoary one's equipments, 5968; B. 2988. Hyrste [hyrsta, Soul Kmbl. 114] ða reádan ne gold ne seolfor [not] the red ornaments, nor gold nor silver, Exon. 99 a; Th. 370, 15; Seel. 57. Hwílum mec áhebbaþ hyrste míne sometimes my trappings [wings] raise me up, 103 a; Th. 390, 1; Rä. 8, 4: 103 b; Th. 392, 16; Rä. 11, 8: Th. 392, 24; Rä. 12, 1. Hyrste gerím rodores tungel number [heaven's] ornaments, the stars of the firmament, Cd. 100; Th. 132, 7; Gen. 2189. Ðeáh ðe hyrsta unrím ǽhte though he owned jewels unnumbered, Exon. 66 b; Th. 245, 12; Jul. 43. Ne mót hé ðara hyrsta hionane lǽdan wuhte ðon máre hordgestreóna ðonne hé hiðer brohte defunctum leves non comitantur opes, Bt. Met. Fox 14, 17-22; Met. 14, 9-11. Fyrnmanna fatu hyrstum behrorene vessels of men of old, deprived of their ornaments, Beo. Th. 5517; B. 2762. Hilderincas hyrstum gewerede, Elen. Kmbl. 526; El. 263. Hyrstum frætwed wlitig on wáge. Exon. 104 a; Th. 395, 22; Rä. 15, 11: 108 b; Th. 413, 15; Rä. 32, 20: 113 b; Th. 436, 1; Rä. 54, 7: 129 a; Th. 495, 22; Rä. 85, 7. [O. H. Ger. hrusti, Grff. ii. 546 ] DER. ge-, wíg-hyrst.
hyrst, es; m. A hurst, copse, wood. The word occurs most frequently in compounds, e.g. hnut-hyrst, æsc-hyrst, etc., and is still found as hurst in names of places. See Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. xxxii, and Leo's Anglo-Saxon Names. p. 107 :-- In hyrst sciofingden, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. i. 273, 6. Wermód hér on hyrstum heasewe standeþ wormwood stands dusky here in the woods [Grein takes hyrstum under the previous word], Exon. 111 a; Th. 425, 24; Rä. 41, 61. v. horst, hurst, Grff. iv. 1042.
hyrstan, hrystan; p. te; pp. ed To ornament, decorate, deck :-- Beón hyrst comi, Wrt. Voc. ii. 23, 43. Hyrsted sweord, Beo. Th. 1349; B. 672. Helm hyrsted golde, 4503; B. 2255. Hyrsted gold gold fairly wrought, Cd. 98; Th. 130, 5; Gen. 2155. Hyrstedne hróf hálgum tunglum the [heavenly] canopy adorned with holy stars, 46; Th. 58, 34; Gen. 956. Beorc byþ on helme hyrsted [hrysteð, MS.] fægere the birch at its top is fairly adorned, Runic pm. Kmbl. 342, 32; Rún. 18. [O. H. Ger. hrusten ornare, Grf. ii. 546.] v. ge-hyrstan; ísen-hyrst.
hyrstan, hierstan; p. te; pp. ed To fry, roast :-- Ic herste frigo, Ælfc. Gr. 28; Som. 31, 64. Hwæt is þinga ðe bietere síe on ðæs láreówes móde oððe hit suíður hierste quid vero acrius doctoris mentem frigit? Past. 21, 6; Swt. 165, 2. Nim áne clǽne panne and hyrste hý mid ele take a clean pan and fry them with oil, Lchdm. iii. 136, 4. Hé hine hét áþenian on írenum bedde and hine cwicne hirstan and brǽdan and swá hine mon má hirste swá wæs hé fægera on ondwlitan he ordered him to be stretched on an iron bed and roasted alive; and the more he was roasted the fairer was his face, Shrn. 116, 3-5. v. ge-hyrstan.
hyrste a little gridiron; craticula. Wrt. Voc. ii. 136, 53.
hyrste-panne. v. hearste-panne.
hyrst-geard, es; m. An enclosed wood [?] :-- In ðone hyrstgeard, Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. iii. 19, 1.
hyrsting, hiersting, e; f. Frying, burning, a frying-pan [?] :-- Hyrstincg cremium, Ps. Lamb. 101, 4. Hyrstyngc[-panne?] frixorium, Wrt. Voc. 82, 69. Hyrstung frixorium, Ælfc. Gr. 28; Som. 31, 65. Hyrsting frixura, Wrt. Voc. ii. 150, 84. Mid ðisse pannan hierstinge wæs Paulus onbærned Paulus hujus sartaginis urebatur frixura, Past. 21, 6; Swt. 165, 3. [Cf. O. H. Ger. harsta frixura.]
hyrsting-hláf, es; m. Crust :-- Herstinghláfum crustis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 18, 51.
hyrsting-panne, an; f. A frying-pan :-- Hyrsting [dyrsting, MS.] panne sartago vel frixorium, Ælfc. Gl. 25; Som. 60, 59; Wrt. Voc. 25, 1.
hyrsudon [?], Bd. 3, 14; S. 540, 11, note.
hýr-, heár-sum; adj. Obedient, compliant :-- Se ðe him hýrsum beón wolde hé gehét qui sibi obtemperantibus promitteret, Bd. 1, 25; S. 486, 26. Him hýrsum beón ei obtemperare, 2, 12; S. 574, 16. Hit biþ his láreówum hýrsum it is obedient to its teachers, Salm. Kmbl. 798; Sal. 398. We beóþ hírsume erimus obedientes, Ex. 24, 7. Nemne ic gode sylle hýrsumne hige unless I give to God an obedient mind, Exon. 37 b; Th. 124, 13; Gú. 340. Heársume, 42 b; Th. 144, 13; Gú. 677: 43 a; Th. 145, 19; Gú. 697. [O. E. Homl. her-sum: Orm. herr-summ: Laym. hær-sum: O. H. Ger. hór-sam.] v. ge-hýrsum.
hýrsumian; p. ode, ede To be obedient, obey, serve :-- Windas and sǽ him hýrsumiaþ venti et mare obediunt ei, Mt. Kmbl. 8, 27: Homl. Th. ii. 368, 28. Hýrsumiaþ ancillantur, Ælfc. Gl. 100; Som. 77, 6; Wrt. Voc. 55, 9. Wé ðé on ðissum ne hérsumiaþ we shall not obey thee in this, Blickl. Homl. 243, 19. Ða hálgan heofonware him hýrsumedon, 135, 17. Hé ðǽm bebodum heársumede, Bd. 2, 6; S. 508, 41. [O. E. Homl. hersumian: O. H. Ger. hórsamón obedire.] v. ge-hýrsumian.
hýrsum-ness, e; f. Obedience, subjection :-- Myrcna cyninge on hýrsumnesse underþeódded syndon Merciorum regi subjectæ sunt, Bd. 5, 23; S. 646, 27. Þurh ða hýrsumnysse ðe wé heom hýrsomiaþ through the obedience with which we obey them, L. Edg. S. 1; Th. i. 272, 21. [O. E. Homl. hersamnisse: Laym. hersumnesse.] v. ge-hýrsumnys.
hyrtan, hiertan; p. te To HEARTEN, encourage, animate :-- Tó heora ágenre þearfe hyrteþ ad propriam eorum necessitatem animat, L. M. I. P. 13; Th. ii. 266, 8. Hyrt cohortat, Wrt. Voc. ii. 136, 5. Mid óðrum worde hé hierte mid óðrum hé brégde favet ergo ex desiderio, et terret ex præcepto, Past. 8, 1; Swt. 53, 11. Hyrte hyne hordweard the hoardward [dragon] took courage, Beo. Th. 5179; B. 2593. [Laym, hirten: Prompt. Parv. hertyñ animo.] v. ge-hyrtan.
hyrwan, hyrwian; p. de, ede To speak ill or contemptuously of any one, blaspheme, despise, condemn, treat ill, oppress, vex, harass :-- Óðerne herweþ alterum contemnet, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 6, 24. Ða earman ðe nú Godes bebodu hyrwiaþ beóþ cwylmede the miserable men that now despise God's commandments shall be tormented, L. E. I; Th. ii. 396, 36. Ðú heruwdest Godes bebodu, Blickl. Homl. 49, 36. Hé hyrwde godes naman and wirigde hine cum blasphemasset nomen et maledixisset ei, Lev. 24, 11. Ðá hyrwdon hí ealle hine omnes condemnaverunt sum, Mk. Skt. 14, 64. Hié hyrwdon ðé they despised thee, Elen. Kmbl. 710; El. 355. Gé gewritu herwdon ye despised the scriptures, 774: El. 387. Ne hyrw dú úre godas blaspheme not our gods, Homl. Th. i. 424, 13. Ne hyrwe gé útancymenne man non exprobretis advenæ, Lev. 19, 33. Sceal wís cyning cristendóm miclian and mǽrsian and á hé sceal hǽðendóm hindrian and hyrwan a wise king must extend and magnify christianity, and ever must he hinder and harass heathendom, L. I. P. 2; Th. ii. 306, 7. [O. H. Ger. harwian exasperare, Grff. iv. 1043.] v. ge-hyrwan.
hyrwe name of a tree; torriculum, Wrt. Voc. 285, 50.
hyrwend, es; m. A blasphemer :-- Léd út ðone hirwend educ blasphemum, Lev. 24, 14.
hyrwend-líc; adj. Contemptible, despicable :-- Heruuendlícae contemptum, Ep. Gl. 7 d, 9. Heuuendlíce, Wrt. Voc. ii. 104, 31. Ða hirwendlícan contemtibiliora, 15, 62.
hyrw-ness, e; f. Contempt, reproach :-- Hirwnessæ contemptus, Ps. Spl. T. 118, 141. Gefylled wé synd hirwnesseum repleti sumus despectione, 122, 4.
hyscan; p. te To mock, deride, taunt, reproach :-- Hé hiscþ geþeahtas ealdra reprobat consilia principum, Ps. Lamb. 32, 10. Seðe eardaþ on heofonum hyseþ [hyscþ?] hý qui habitat in cælis irridebit eos, Ps. Spl. T. 2, 4. Ðonne hyscte hé on ða godcundan láreówas, Wulfst. 235, 25. Hyhsan conviciari, Gl. Prud. 696. Hihsendes subsannantis, Hpt. Gl. 524. v. husc, ge-, in-hyscan.
hyse, es; m. A young man, warrior :-- Hyse cwom gangan there came a young man, Exon. 113 b; Th. 436, 14; Rä. 55, 1. Him be healfe stód hyse unweaxen cniht on gecampe by his side stood a youth not yet grown up, a boy in battle, Byrht. Th. 136, 17; By. 152. Hyse [Beowulf], Beo. Th. 2438; B. 1217: Andr. Kmbl. 1190; An. 595: 1622; An. 812: Elen. Kmbl. 1043; El. 523. Hé lét his francan wadan þurh ðæs hysses hals he pierced the man's neck with his javelin, Byrht. Th. 135, 60; By. 141. Hysse ðínum puero tuo, Ps. Th. 85, 15. Tó Abrahame his ágenum hysse ad Abraham puerum suum, 104, 37. Ðissum hysse hold gracious to this man, Andr. Kmbl. 1099; An. 550. Hysas, Byrht. Th. 135, 24; By. 123. Beornas feóllon, hyssas lágon, 135, 2; By. 112. Noldon ða hyssas hýran lárum hǽðnum the youths would not listen to heathen lore, Cd. 183; Th. 229, 14; Dan. 217: 184; Th. 230, 11; Dan. 231. Hét hyssa hwæne bade each man, Byrht. Th. 131, 2; By. 2: 135, 34; By. 128: Fins. Th. 96; Fin. 48. v. þegn-hyse.
hyse-beorþor, -berþor, -borþor, es; n. The bearing of male offspring, the offspring itself, a young man :-- Hyseberþor puerperium, Mone B. 3894. Hyseborþor, 4975. Hysebeorþ[or], Wrt. Voc. ii. 94, 42. Woldon on ðam hysebeorþre [cf. 2253, se geonga] heafolan gescénan they would hurt the head of the man, Andr. Kmbl. 2285; An. 1144. v. beorþor.
hyse-berþling, es; m. The bearing, of a male child, a male child[?]; puerperium, Ælfc. Gl. 5; Som. 56, 8; Wrt. Voc. 17, 16.
hyse-cild, es; n. A male child :-- Ǽlc hysecild betwux eów beó ymbsniden circumcidetur ex vobis omne masculinum, Gen. 17, 10. Gif hit hysecild byþ si masculus fuerit, Ex. 1, 16. Hyscild mas, Ælfc. Gl. 86; Som. 74, 22; Wrt. Voc. 50, 6. Beó hit hysecild beó hit mǽdencild sit masculus infans, sit femina, L. Ecg. P. ii. 21; Th. ii. 190, 21: L. M. cont. 2, 60; Lchdm. ii. 172, 17. Ðá féddon hié ða mǽdencild and slógon ða hysecild mares enecant, feminas nutriunt, Ors. 1, 10; Swt. 46, 11: Homl. Th. i. 30, 15.
hyseþ, Ps. Spl. T. 2, 4. v. hyscan.
hyse-wíse, an; f. The manner of young men :-- Hysewíse hircitallo, Wrt. Voc. ii. 43, 26. This gloss is sufficiently explained by the following quotation from Paulus' epitome of Festus, ed. Müller, p. 101 :-- Hirquitalli pueri primum ad virilitatem accedentes, a libidine scilicet hircorum dicti. Further, in the notes to this word is added, hirquitalli GREEK; irquitalus GREEK.
hyspan; p. te To mock, scorn, taunt, revile, insult, reproach :-- Drihten hispeþ hý Dominus subsannabit eos, Ps. Spl. 2, 4. Hú lange hyspeþ feónd usque quo improperabit inimicus? 93, 11. Se ðe hespþ qui calumniatur, Kent. Gl. 497. Hý mé hyspaþ exprobraverunt me, Ps. Th. 41, 12. Tógeánes mé hyspton ealle fýnd míne adversum me susurrabant omnes inimici mei, Ps. Spl. C. 40, 8. Hyne hyspdun improperabant ei, Mt. Kmbl. 27, 44. Ðone hyspton quod exprobraverunt, Blickl. Gl. Hié Cristes bebod hyspton and hit forsáwon they scorned Christ's commandment and despised it, Ors. 6, 3; Swt. 256, 25. Hysptun hearmcwidum mocked opprobriously, Exon. 24 a; Th. 69, 15; Cri. 1121. Ðæt ná hyspen ut non insultent, Blickl. Gl. Hyspan exprobrare, Mt. Kmbl. 11, 20. Ongan hine hyspan and hearmcwiddigan, Bt. 18, 4; Fox 66. 33 : Andr. Kmbl. 1341; An. 671. Fram stemne hyspendes a voce exprobrantis, Ps. Spl. 43, 18. Hyspendra exprobrantium, Blickl. Gl. v. hosp, ge-hyspan.
hysping, e; f. Reproach, reviling, contumely :-- Siððan hé his hyspinge gehéred hæfde acceptaque contumelia, Bt. 18, 4; Fox 66, 35.
hysp-ness, e; f. Reproach, opprobrium :-- Ðú settest ús hyspnesse neáhgebúrum úrum posuisti nos opprobrium vicinis nostris, Ps. Spl. T. 43, 15.
HÝÐ, e; f. 'A HITHE, or place that receives the ship, etc., on its landing; a low shore, fit to be a landing place for boats, etc.,' a port, haven :-- Hýð angiportus, i. refrigerium navium, Ælfc. Gl. 5; Som. 56, 32 : Wrt. Voc. 17, 36 : confugium, i. statium, portus, ii. 131, 5l. Hýð portus, Ælfc. Gr. 11; Som. 15, 8. Seó án hýð byþ simle smyltu æfter eallum ðám ýstum úrra geswinca hic portus placida manens quiete, Bt. 34, 8; Fox 144, 27 : Bt. Met. Fox 21, 21, 25; Met. 21, 11, 13. Ðæt hie wilnigen ðære hýðe ðæs gesinscipes ut conjugii portum petant, Past. 51, 8; Swt. 401, 33. Martha swanc ðá swilce ors réwette and Maria sæt stille swilce æt ðære hýðe, Homl. Th. ii. 440, 32. Hera ðone steórman ac ná ǽrðan ðe hé becume gesundful tó ðære hýðe, 560, 22. Cómon ðǽr þrý men tó ðære hýðe three men came to the landing-place, Guthl. 11; Gdwin. 54, 24. Ðǽr æt hýðe stód æðelinges fær, Beo. Th. 63; B. 32: Elen. Kmbl. 495; El. 248: Exon. 52 a; Th. 182, 8; Gú. 1307. Hé hí on hǽlo hýðe gelǽdde eduxit eos in portum, Ps. Th. 106, 29; Exon, 20 b; Th. 53, 34; Cri. 860: Salm. Kmbl. 489; Sal. 245. [Prompt. Parv. hyþe, where bootys ryve to londe, or stonde stacio. ' Hithe occurs in the names of seaports, and also landing-places on rivers, far from the coast,' p. 242, note 1. Kemble, Cod. Dipl. iii. xxxii, notes 'Rotherhithe (hrýðra hýð) the place where oxen were landed; Clayhithe, near Cambridge; Erith, in Kent and Cambridge, Eárhýd; Cwénhýð, Queenhithe.']
hyð; gen. hyððe; f. Advantage, gain, profit, benefit :-- Hyð vel freme commodum, questus, Ælfc. Gl. 81; Som. 73, 25; Wrt. Voc. 47, 30. Gif feohbót áríseþ ðæt gebyreþ rihtlíce tó þearfena hyððe if a money-fine arises, it is properly applied for the benefit of the needy, L. Eth. vi. 51; Th. i. 328, 6. Uton dón þearfum sume hyððe úre góda let us do some good to the needy with our wealth, Homl. Th. ii. 100, 35. Ða ðe for lirum hwílwendlícra hyðða heófiaþ those who mourn for losses of temporary advantages, i. 550, 29. On earmra manna hyððum for the advantage of poor men, L. I. P. 19; Th. ii. 328, 11. Se hýra smeáþ embe ða woruldlícan hyðða and lǽt tó gýmeleáste ðæra sceápa lyre the hireling inquires after worldly advantages, and leaves to neglect the loss of the sheep, Homl.Th. i. 240, 29.
hýðan; p. de To despoil, plunder, lay waste, pillage, ravage :-- Híðeþ and tó hám týhþ it plunders and brings home, Exon. l09 a; Th. 416, 25; Rä. 35. 4. Hýðaþ wíde gífre gléde widely shall the greedy flames lay waste, 23 a; Th. 64, 28; Cri. 1044. Hit feor and wíde hýððe and hergode longe lateque devastans, Bd. 3, 16; S. 542, 17. Cwæþ ðæt hé mid his gesíðum wolde hýðan eal heofona ríce said that with his comrades he would ravage all the kingdom of heaven, Salm. Kmbl. 909; Sal. 454. Híðende lég the wasting flame, Exon. 22 a; Th. 60, 23; Cri. 974 : 130 b; Th. 499, 28; Rä. 88, 22 : 109 a; Th. 416, 5; Rä. 34, 7. Híðendum grassantibus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 41, 49. [Cf. O. H. Ger. far-hundit captivus, Grff. iv. 965.] v. húð, á-hýðan.
hyðegung, e; f. Profit, advantage; commodum, Lye. v. ge-hyðegod.
hyðe-líc; adj. Convenient, advantageous :-- Ðæt wæs hyðelíc that was convenient, Exon. 124 b; Th. 478, 17; Ruin. 42. v. hyð, ge-hyðelíc, be-hyðelíce.
hýð-gild, es; n. A port-due [?] :-- Hýðgilda portunalia, Hpt. Gl. 515.
hýð-líc; adj. Relating to a port :-- Ðá hýðlícan portunalia, Wrt. Voc. ii. 67, 19.
hýð-scip, es; n. A pirate-ship :-- Híðscip myoparo, Ælfc. Gl. 103; Som. 77, 100; Wrt. Voc.56, 21. Hýdscip mioparo, ii. 59, 26. v. hýðan.
hýð-weard, es; m. One who guards a hithe, Beo. Th. 3833; B. 1914.
hýwyt hewn, cut; dolatum, i. incisum, planum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 141, 63.
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