An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
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by Bosworth and Toller
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S
sá; gen. sán; m. A tub, pail, vessel :-- Saa libitorium, Txts. 35, 17. [Prompt. Parv. soo or cowl, vessel tina. He kam to þe welle, water updrow, And filde þer a michel so, Havel. 933. So, soa a tub with two ears, to carry on a stang, Ray's North-country words. Sao, soe a tub; commonly used for a brewing-tub only, but sometimes for a large tub in which clothes are steeped before washing, E. D. S. Pub. Lincolnshire. ' In Bedfordshire, what we call a coal and a coal-staff, they call a sow and a sow-staff,' Kennett. Icel. sár a cask : Dan. saa : Swed. så.]
saban, es; m. (?) A sheet :-- On sabanum, id est scéte in sabanis (cf. on scétum in sabanis, 48, 47), Wrt. Voc. ii. 82, 57. [In Mt. 27, 59 the Gothic version translates σινδόνι by sabana. O. H. Ger. saban, sapon; m. sabanum, sindon, teristrum, linteum : Gk. σάβανον : Mid. Lat. sabanum : Span. sabana a sheet. Diefenbach ii. 770 cites an Arabic word sabaniyat fine stuff for girdles, veils, etc., with the derivation of it from the name of the town Sabano near Bagdad.]
Sabat, es; m. (?) The Sabbath :-- Sabates sabbati, Mt. Kmbl. p. 20, 5. [Cf. Goth. Sabbato, Sabbatus.]
Sabíne, a; pl. The Sabines :-- Hú Rómáne and Sabíne him betweónum wunnon, Ors. 2, 4; tit.; Swt. 2, 19. Tó ánwíge gangan wið swá fela Sabína, 2, 4; Swt. 72, 16.
Sabínisc; adj. Sabine :-- Ðæt Sabínisce gewinn, Ors. 2, 4; Swt. 68, 32 : Swt. 72, 8.
sac (sæc?); adj. Accused, charged, guilty :-- Swerian ðæt hig nellan nǽnne sacleásan man forsecgean ne nǽnne sacne forhelan let them swear that they will not bring a charge against an innocent man, nor conceal one who is justly charged, L. Eth. iii. 3; Th. i. 294, 5. v. un-sac, sæc.
-saca. v. and-, ge-, wiðer-saca. [O. Sax. -sako : O. Frs. -seka : O. H. Ger. -sahho. Cf. Goth. ni sakjis άμαχos.]
sacan; p. sóc, pl. sócon; pp. sacen. I. to fight, strive, contend :-- Þeódscypas winnaþ and sacaþ heom betweónan, Wulfst. 86, 8. Hé geseh twegen Ebréisce him betwýnan sacan conspexit duos Hebraeos rixantes, Ex. 2, 13. Ic (Beowulf) sceal fón wið feónde and ymb feorh sacan, Beo. Th. 883; B. 439. Gód sceal wið yfele, líf sceal wið deáþe, leóht sceal wið þýstrum, fyrd wið fyrde, feónd wið óðrum, láð wið láðe ymb land sacan, Menol. Fox 568; Gn. C. 53. Sceal fǽge sweltan and dógra gehwam ymb gedál sacan middangeardes, Exon. Th. 335, 4; Gn. Ex. 28. Ðú tælnissum wið ða sélestan sacan ongunne thou didst attempt to strive with the best (the gods) with insults, 254, 23; Jul. 206. Wǽran sacende emulabantur, Wrt. Voc. ii. 33, 10. II. to disagree, act in opposition, not to be, or not to act, in unison, to wrangle :-- Ðonne se abbod and se práfost ungeráde beóþ and him betwyx sacaþ dum contraria sibi inuicem sentiunt, R. Ben. 124, 19. Ne ða óðre ongeán ðæt ne sacan (wiðcweðon, Wells Frag.) the others shall offer no opposition to the decision, 119, 2. Dóm stande ðár þegenas sammǽle beón; gif hig sacan (disagree), stande ðæt hig .viii. secgaþ, L. Eth. iii. 13; Th. i. 289, 3. Ðæt hé sóce altercaretur, sermocinaretur, Hpt. Gl. 476, 67. III. of litigation, to bring a suit :-- Ðá sóc Wulfstán on sum ðæt land Wulfstan brought a suit laying claim to some of the land, Chart. Th. 376, 7. IV. to bring a charge against one, to accuse, blame :-- Hú micla wið ðec sacas cýðnessa quanta adversum te dicant testimonia, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 27, 13. Mé míne ágen word sylfne sócon verba mea execrabantur, Ps. Th. 55, 5. Monige cýðnisse leóse hiǽ gicwédun tó sacanne wið him multi testimonium falsum dicebant aduersus eum, Mk. Skt. Rush. 14, 56. Swá hwæt þwyr and gebolgen mód ... sacendes hátheortnys hit is ná lufu þreáginge quicquid protervus et indignus animus protulerit, objurgantis furor est, non dilectio correctionis, Scint. 36. V. to refuse, deny. v. on-sacan :-- Sæccendum sedlum negatis sedibus, Mt. Kmbl. p. 18, 14. [Goth. sakan to strive, rebuke : O. Sax. sakan to rebuke, blame : O. H. Ger. sahhan litigare, increpare, objurgare : Icel. saka; wk. to fight, blame, accuse.] v. æt-, be-, for-, fore-, ge-, of-, on-, óþ-, wið-, wiðer-sacan; sacian.
sacc, es; m. A sack, bag :-- Ne bere gé sacc ne codd sacculum neque peram, Lk. Skt. 10, 4. Sæc sacculum, Kent. Gl. 208. Hig fyldon hira saccas (saccos) and lédon hira ǽlces feoh on his sacc ... Ðá undyde hira án his sacc ... hé ðæt feoh geseah on his sacces (saculi) múþe, Gen. 42, 25, 28. Ðá guton hig hira hwǽte of hira saccon, 42, 35. Fylle hira saccas and lege hira ǽlces feoh on his ágenne sacc, 44, 1. [Goth. sakkus : O. H. Ger. sac : Icel. sekkr.] Cf. bí-sæc, sæcc.
sacerd, es; m. A priest (the terns is not confined to the Christian priesthood) :-- Sacerd vel cyrcþingere sacerdos, Wrt. Voc. i. 42, 23 : Rtl. 125, 1. Hæfde se sacerd (sacerdos) on Madian seofon dohtra, Ex. 2, 16. Moises heóld his mǽges sceáp ðæs sacerdes on Madian, 3, 1. Putifares dohtor ðæs sacerdes of ðære byryg, Gen. 41, 45. Hé slóh ðæs sacerdes (héhsacerdas, Lind. Rush.) þeów, Mk. Skt. 14, 47. Ða word ðæs sacerdes vox praedicatoris, Past. 21, 5; Swt. 163, 1. Ðone clǽnan sacerd (Christ), Exon. Th. 9, 19; Cri. 137. Suíðe ryhte ða sacerdas (sacerdotes) sint gehátene sacerdas, ðæt is on Englisc clǽnseras, forðæm hié sculon látteówdóm gearwian ðám geleáffulum, Past. 18, 7; Swt. 139, 14. Ða sacerdas of Leuies cynne, Deut. 27, 1, 14 : Ps. Th. 77, 64. Moyses and Aaron sóðe sacerdas, 98, 6 : Ands. Kmbl. 1483; An. 743. Ða mæssepreóstas wǽron ðus gehátene ... Ðá ða gemynegodan sacerdos (-as ?) cóman erant presbyteri ... Venientes memorati sacerdotes, Bd. 3, 21; S. 551, 19. Ðæra sacerda ealdor princeps sacerdotum, Mt. Kmbl. 26, 51 : Blickl. Homl. 77, 8 : 239, 28. Hýrde wé ðæt Jacob fore sacerdum swilt þrowode, Apstls. Kmbl. 141; Ap. 71. [From Latin. Anglo-Saxon alone seems to have borrowed this word.] v. ealdor-, heáh-sacerd.
sacerd-bana, an; m. One who slays a priest :-- Hér syndan sacerd-banan, Wulfst. 163, 27 : 266, 27.
sacerd-gerisne; adj. Befitting a priest :-- Hé hæfde sacerdgerisene ealdorlícnysse auctoritatem sacerdote dignam, Bd. 3, 17; S. 545, 11.
sacerd-hád, es; m. Priest-hood :-- Ðá Zacharias his sacerdes hádes (sacerdhádes, MSS. A. B. C.) breác cum sacerdotio fungeretur, Lk. Skt. 1, 8. Æfter gewunan ðæs sacerdhádes hlotes, 1, 9. Ðæt hé gesette on sacerdhád Judas ðam folce tó bisceope that he might ordain Judas bishop of the people, Elen. Kmbl. 2108; El. 1055. Bisceophádas vel sacerd-[hádas] flaminea, i. episcopali gradu, Wülck. 239, 23.
sacerd-land, es; n. Land assigned to priests :-- Bútan ðam sacerd-lande absque terra sacerdotali, Gen. 47, 26.
sacerd-líc; adj. Priestly, sacerdotal :-- Sacerdlíc sacerdotium, Rtl. 25, 31 : sacerdotalis, 195, 4. Sacerdlíce þénunge dón officium sacerdotale agere, Bd. 4, 5; S. 573, 4. Be sacerdlícum hræglum de vestibus sacerdotum, Bd. 5, 24; S. 647, 38.
sac-full; adj. I. contentious, quarrelsome :-- Hé biþ swíðe sacful and micele ungeþwǽrnesse and mænigfealde saca on ðære geférǽdenne wyrcþ scandala nutriunt et dissensiones in congregatione faciunt, R. Ben. 124, 8. Ne ǽnig man ne sý tó sacfull ne ealles tó geflitgeorn, Wulfst. 70, 19 : Lchdm. iii. 428, 34. Sacful wíf litigosa mulier, Kent. Gl. 690. Mid secfullan (rixosa) wífe, 790. [ʒif þe cristene mon bið sacful, O. E. Homl. i. 109, 1.] II. given to accusation (v. sacan, IV) :-- Ne beó ðú sacfull non eris criminator, Lev. 19, 16.
sacian; p. ode To strive, brawl :-- Gif men saciaþ si rixati fuerint viri, Ex. 21, 22. Fela sind ðe wyllaþ fracodlíce him betwýnan sacian many there are that will shamefully brawl among themselves, Homl. Th. ii. 294, 1. v. and-sacian; sacan.
sac-leás; adj. I. free from charge or accusation, innocent :-- Swerian hig ðæt hig nellan nǽnne sacleásan man forsecgean ne nǽnne sacne forhelan, L. Eth. iii. 3; Th. i. 294, 5. Fiónge mec habbaþ sacleósne (sacleás, Lind., cf. Icel. saklaust without cause) odio me habuerunt gratis, Jn. Skt. Rush. 15, 25. II. free from charge or contention, unmolested, secure :-- On ðæt gerád ðæt ðes cynges men sacleás beón móston on ðám castelan ðe hí ǽr þes eorles unþances begiten hæfdon, Chr. 1091; Erl. 227, 9. Eádgár æþeling wæs gefangen; ðone lét se cyng syððan sacleás faran, 1106; Erl. 241, 20. Sacleáso iwih wé gedóeþ securos vos faciemus, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 28, 14. [Ðo þe hadden on þesse liue alle here sunnes forleten and bet . . . alle he quað hem saclese, O. E. Homl. ii. 171, 35. Wass Crist sacclæs o rode naʒʒedd, Orm. 1900. Sacles (without strife, freely) he let hin welden it so, Gen. and Ex. 916. Icel. sak-lauss innocent, not guilty. Sackless still remains in Northern dialects, but seems to have got a meaning, with which innocent also is used, that of silly, simple. v. Jamieson, Halliwell, and E. D. S. Publications.]
sacu, e; f. I. strife, contention, dissension, sedition, dispute :-- Sacu seditio, Wrt. Voc. i. 21, 30. Seó sacu (seditio) árás, Num. 16, 42. Wearð sacu (rixa) betwux Abrames hyrdemannum and Lothes ... Abram cwæð tó Lothe : 'Ic bidde ðæt nán sacu (jurgium) ne sig betwux mé and ðé,' Gen. 13, 7, 8. Ðanun mæg áspringan seó mǽste sacu and se mǽsta swice ealra ungeþwǽrnessa exinde grauissima occasio scandalorum oriri potest, R. Ben. 129, 8. Drihten cwæð : 'Ðonne gé gehýraþ on middangearde gefeoht and sace ne beó gé áfyrhte.' Gefeoht belimpþ tó feóndum and sacu tó ceastergewarum. Mid ðám wordum hé gebícnode ðæt wé sceolon þolian wiðútan gewinn fram úrum feóndum and eác wiðinnan fram úrum néhgebúrum láðlíce ungeþwǽrnyssa, Homl. Th. ii. 538, 12-17. Hé (Caligula) mǽnde ðæt ðǽr ðá næs swelc sacu swelc ðǽr oft ǽr wæs, and hé self fór oft on óðra lond, and wolde gewin findan, ac hé ne mehte búton sibbe, Ors. 6, 3; Swt. 256, 28. Sceal Geáta leódum and Gár-Denum sib gemǽnum, and sacu restan, Beo. Th. 3719; B. 1857. Ðæne ðe wæs for sumere sace (propter seditionem) on cwerterne, Lk. Skt. 23, 25. Moises genemde ða stówe Costung for Israhéla bearna sace propter jurgium filiorum Israel, Ex. 17, 7. Ðæt hié under ðære sibbe tó ðære mǽstan sace becóme, Ors. 4, 7; Swt. 182, 28. Sace militiam, Hpt. Gl. 494. 70. Grendel wan wið Hróðgár, wæg singale sæce, sibbe ne wolde, Beo. Th. 310; B. 154. Lǽt sace restan, láð leódgewin, Exon. Th. 254, 21; Jul. 200. Saca lites, Kent. Gl. 575. Of sacum rixis, 635. Ne mæg ic ána ácuman eówre saca (jurgia), Deut. 1, 12. Mænigfealde saca on ðære geférǽdenne wyrcþ dissensiones in congregatione faciunt, R. Ben. 124, 9. II. distress, trouble, affliction, persecution :-- Ðǽr eów is sacu bútan ende grim gǽstcwalu in hell is trouble without end for you devils, fierce torment of spirit, Exon. Th. 142, 27; Gú. 650. Ðǽr biþ á gearu wraðu wannhálum wíta gehwylces sæce and sorge there shall be ever ready for the wretched support against every infliction, against distress and care, Elen. Kmbl. 2059; El. 1031. Ne þearft ðú sár níwigan and sæce rǽran (cf. Gi werðat ók só sálige thes in saka biodat liudí blessed are ye when men shall persecute you, Hel. 1336), 1879; El. 941. Ðǽr hé hæfþ eal sár and sace, hungor and þurst, wóp and hreám, and weána má ðonne ǽniges mannes gemet sý ðæt hié áríman mǽge, Blickl. Homl. 61, 36. Seó sunsciéne siege þrowade, sace singrimme, Exon. Th. 256, 11; Jul. 230. III. crime, guilt :-- Nis ðǽr on ðam londe synn ne sacu non huc adit scelus infandum (cf. O þatt an bukk he leʒʒde All þeʒʒre sake and sinne, Orm. 1335. He alátan mag saka endi sundea he can forgive sins, Hel. 1009), 201, 10; Ph. 54. Ðá wæs synn and sacu Sweóna and Geáta, wróht gemǽne, Beo. Th. 4935; B. 2472. IV. a contention at law, a suit, cause, action :-- Nán sacu ðe betweox preóstan sí ne beó gescoten tó world-manna sóme no suit that there may be between priests shall be referred to the adjustment of secular men, L. Edg. C. 7; Th. ii. 246, 3. Gif man óðerne sace tihte if one man bring a suit against another (cf. ef man hwemu saka sókea, Hel. 1522), L. H. E. 8; Th. i. 30, 11. Hit betere wǽre ðæt heora seht tógædere wurde ðonne hý ǽnige sace hym betweónan heóldan it would be better that they should come to an agreement than that they should carry on any suit between them, Chart. Th. 377, 3. V. jurisdiction in litigious suits. For the first time apparently in charters of Edward the Confessor the phrase sac and sóc or sócn occurs, and in them it is frequent. It is thus explained in the Latin version of an Anglo-Saxon charter where it is found :-- Ic an heom ealswá ðæt hý habben ðǽrofer saca and sócna iis (sanctus Petrus et fratres Westmonasterienses) etiam concedens ut insuper habeant priuilegium tenendi curiam ad causas cognoscendas et dirimendas lites inter uasallos et colonos suos ortas, cum potestate transgressores et calumniae reos mulctis efficiendi easque leuandi, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iv. 202, 7, v. Stubbs, Const. H. i. 184, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. i. xliii sqq., Grmm. R. A. 854 sq. [Laym, sake strife : O. and N. cheste and sake : Goth. sakjó strife : O. Sax. saka : O. L. Ger. saca res, causa : O. Frs. sake, seke causa, res : O. H. Ger. sahha lis, causa, occasio, negotium, res : Icel. sök a charge, a crime, a suit, cause, sake.] v. sæcc.
-sacung. v. wið-, wiðer-, yfel-sacung.
sáda, an; m. A cord, halter, snare :-- Swelce sádo (sáde, Rush.) tamquam laqueus, Lk. Skt. Lind. 21, 35. Grin biþ on sádan tórænded laqueus contritus est, Ps. Th. 123, 7. Mid sáde (laqueo) hine áwrigde, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 27, 5. [O. H. Ger. seito laqueus, pedica, tendicula.] v. wealh-sáda.
Sadducéas; pl. The Sadducees :-- Eodun tó him Fariséas and Sadducéas, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 16, 1. Sadducéa Sadducaeorum, 16, 6.
Sadducéisc; adj. Sadducean :-- Hé hét ða Saducéiscan stylle beón, Mt. Kmbl. 22, 34.
sadian; p. ode. I. to satisfy, satiate. [O. H. Ger. satón saturare. Cf. Icel. seðja to satisfy.] v. ge-sadian. II. to become satisfied, to get satiated or tired :-- Mé þincþ ðæt ðú sadige hwæt hwegnunges and ðé þincen tó ǽlenge ðás langan spell methinks thou art getting somewhat wearied and these long discourses seem to thee too protracted, Bt. 39, 4; Fox 218, 5.
sadol (-el, -ul), es; m. A saddle :-- Sadol sella, Wrt. Voc. ii. 120, 33 : i. 83, 70. Sadul, 23, 19. Hé héht eahta mearas on flet teón, ðara ánum stód sadol, ðæt wæs hildesetl heáhcyninges, Beo. Th. 2080; B. 1038. [O. H. Ger. satal, satul; m. : Icel. söðull; m.] v. seám-sadol.
sadol-beorht; adj. Having a splendid saddle :-- Þrió wicg sadolbeorhte (cf. sadol searwun fáh, since gewurðad, 2080 : B. 1038), Beo. Th. 4356; B. 2175.
sadol-boga, an; m. A saddle-bow :-- Sadolboga carpella, Wrt. Voc. i. 291, 16 : ii. 128, 71. Sadulboga, 103, 4. Sadelboga, 17, 34 : corbus, 22, 46. Sadulboga, i. 23, 18. [Icel. söðul-bogi : O. H. Ger. satalbogo.]
sadol-felg, e; -felge, an; f. The pommel of a saddle; pella (cf. Spanish pella a ball, anything made in a round form) :-- Sadulfelgae, -felge pella, Txts. 88, 818. Sadolfelg, Wrt. Voc. ii. 68, 9. Sadolfelg (? Wrt. radolfelt), i. 291, 15.
sadolian; p. ode To saddle :-- Ic sadelige hors sterno, Ælfc. Gr. 28, 1; Som, 30, 34. [Icel. söðla : O. H. Ger. satalón.] v. ge-sadelod.
sǽ; m. f.; gen. sǽs, sǽes, sǽ, sǽwe, seó; nom. pl. sǽs, sǽ; dat. sǽm, sǽum, sǽwum. Sea. The word is found in the following glosses :-- Sǽ mare vel aequor, Wrt. Voc. i. 41, 62 : 70, 13. Brym, sǽ aequor, 53, 50. Sǽ latex (latex?), ii. 53, 17, Ðæs ýþiendan sǽs fluctivagi ponti, 149, 61. And sǽ et salis, 32, 28. Mid sǽ cum pelago, 21, 27. Ofer sǽ citra pontum, 18, 68. Ða hǽwnan sǽs marmora glauca, 57, 7. Sǽ marmora, 91, 73. I. sea (water as opposed to air and earth) :-- On ðæm dæge gewíteþ heofon and eorþe and sǽ, and ealle ða þing ðe on ðǽm syndon, Blickl. Homl. 91, 21. God gescóp ðone rodor betweoh heofone and eorþan and betweoh ðǽm twǽm sǽum, ðæm uplícan and ðæm niðerlícan. Se uplíca sǽ ... céleþ ðære tungla hǽto, and se rodor ymbféhþ útan eall ðás niðerlícan gesceafte, sǽ and eorþan, Shrn. 63, 5-10. On syx dagum Crist geworhte heofenas and eorþan, sǽs and ealle gesceafta, L. Alf. 3; Th. i. 44, 13. II. sea (as opposed to land) :-- Ðonne ðú wyte ðæt sǽ sí ful at high water, Lchdm. iii. 176, 18. Ús drífaþ ða ællreordan tó sǽ, wiðscúfeþ ús seó sǽ ðám ællreordum, Bd. 1, 13; S. 481, 44. Ðæs sǽes flódes weaxnes, 5, 3; S. 616, 16. On sǽs (sǽes, Lind. : séæs, Rush.) grund in profundum maris, Mt. Kmbl. 18, 6. For gedréfednesse sǽs swéges, Lk. Skt. 21, 25. Sǽs earm, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 24, 6, 14. Gang tó ðæs sǽs waroþe ... Hé eode tó ðære sǽ, Blickl. Homl. 231, 29-36. Gán ofer sǽs ýþa, 177, 18. Geswencede of ðisse sǽwe hreónesse, 233, 26 : 235, 1. Hreónesse ðære sǽwe, 235, 5. Monigra ceápstów of lande and of sǽ cumendra, Bd. 2, 3; S. 504, 19. Bát on sǽwe, Exon. Th. 458, 12; Hy. 4, 99 : Andr. Kmbl. 1029; An. 515. Æt fulre seó, Lchdm, iii. 178, 18. On siewe (? sǽwe), Cant. Moys. Thw. 29, 4. Ðá métte hié micel ýst on sǽ, Chr. 877; Erl. 78, 18. Hié micel ðæs folces ofer sǽ ádrǽfdon, 878; Erl. 78, 30 : Bd. 1, 15; S. 484, 7. Ofer ðone sǽ, 1, 12; S. 481, 2. Gif hwá his ágenne geleód bebycgge ofer sǽ, L. In. 11; Th. i. 110, 4. God gecígde ða drígnesse eorþan and ðæra wætera gegaderunga hé hét sǽs, Gen. 1, 10. Sǽs up stigon, Cd. Th. 83, 6; Gen. 1375. Ðæt ðás deópan sǽ drí geweorðaþ, Ps. Th. 65, 5. Beútan eallum sǽwum, 138, 7. III. sea (as opposed to water inland) :-- For hwí ne fixast ðú on sǽ? (cf. ic wyrpe max míne on eá, 23, 9). Hwílon ic dó, ac seldon, for ðam micel réwyt mé ys tó sǽ, Coll. Monast. Th. 24, 1-5. Sǽs tóslúpan, eal sealt wæter, Lchdm. iii. 36, 27. IV. a sea :-- Him is be-eástan se sǽ ðe man Arfatium hǽt, and westan and be-norþan Creticum se sǽ, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 26, 32 : 28, 1. Néh ðæm clife ðære Reádan sǽs, Swt. 12, 20. Be ðære reódan sǽ, Ex. 14, 9. Betwih ðære sǽ seó is nemned Adriaticus, Blickl. Homl. 197, 21. V. of inland water, a sea, lake :-- Sume men secgaþ seó eá ðǽr wyrcþ micelne sǽ aliqui auctores ferunt fluvium vastissimo lacu exundare, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 12, 24. On ðære sǽ in the sea (of Galilee), Mt. Kmbl. 8, 24. [Goth. saiws : O. Sax. séo, séu : O. Frs. sé : O. H. Ger. séo : Icel. sær, sjór, sjár; gen. sævar; dat. sævi, sæ.] v. eást-, heáh-, norþ-. Ost-, Wendel-, west-, wíd-sǽ.
sǽ-ǽl, es; m. A sea-eel :-- Sǽǽl murenula (cf. hec murenula a lamprun, i. 222, col. 2), Wrt. Voc. ii. 57, 74.
sǽ-ælfen[n], e; f. A sea-elf, sea-nymph :-- Sǽælfenne Naiades, Wrt. Voc. ii. 62, 32 : 59, 12. Sǽelfen, i. 60, 18.
sǽ-bát, e; f. A sea-boat :-- On sǽbáte, Andr. Kmbl. 876; An. 438 : 980; An. 490. Ic on holm gestáh, sǽbát gesæt, Beo. Th. 1270; B. 633 : 1795; B. 895.
sǽ-beorh a sea-hill, a hill or cliff against the sea :-- Ealle geríman stánas on eorþan, steorran on heofonum, sǽbeorga sand (MS. sund; but cf. Ic ðínne ofspring gemenigfylde swá swá steorran on heofenum and swá swá sandceosol on sǽ, Gen. 22, 17), Cd. Th. 205, 25; Exod. 441. Hú gewearð ðé ðæt ðú sǽbeorgas sécan woldes, merestreáma gemet, ofer cald cleofu ceóles neósan, Andr. Kmbl. 615; An. 308.
sǽ-burh a maritime town :-- Hé gewunade in *Capharnaum ðæt is sǽ-burug (-caestrae, Rush.) habitavit in Capharnaum maritima (*note on Capharnaum : In ðær byrig Capharnaum is genemned and maritimam cuoeð, forðon ðyú burg is on sǽ), Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 4, 13. [Icel. sæ-borg a sea-side town.]
sæc; adj. I. hostile, offensive, hateful :-- Tó áscamelícum ad detestabilem, ad odiosum, sæcum invisum, exosum, meltestran húse lupanar, Hpt. Gl. 500, 58-62. v. next word. II. guilty, charged with guilt. v. on-sæc, sac; and cf. Icel. sekr guilty, convicted.
-sæc. v. and-, eoful-, wiðer-sæc.
sæcc, es; m. Sacking, sack-cloth :-- Hé árás of ðam wácan sæcce ðe hé lange onuppan dreórig wæs sittende, Homl. Skt. i. 23, 802. Ðú slite hǽran (sæcc, MS, C.) míne conscidisti saccum meum, Ps. Spl. 29, 13. v. sacc, sæccing.
sæc[c], e; f. Strife, contest, conflict :-- Á wæs sæc, Elen. Kmbl. 2512; El. 1257. Ðǽr biþ ceóle wén slíðre sæcce there (at the rocky shore) the vessel may expect fierce conflict, Exon. Th. 384, 17; Rä. 4, 29. Hé sæcce ne wéneþ tó Gár-Denum, Beo. Th. 1205; B. 600. Se æt sæcce gebád wíghryre wráðra, 3241; B. 1618 : 1910; B. 953. Ðam æt sæcce wearð Weohstán bana méces ecgum Weohstan felled him in fight with the edge of the falchion, 5218; B. 2612. Nægling geswác æt sæcce (in fight with the fire-drake), 5355; B. 2681. Tír geslógon æt sæcce gained glory in battle, Chr. 937; Erl. 112, 4 : Erl. 114, 8. Æt sæcce forweorþan to perish in battle, Judth. Thw. 25, 32; Jud. 289. Æt wígge spéd, sigor æt sæcce, Elen. Kmbl. 2363; El. 1183. Hé feorg gesealde æt sæcce, Apstls. Kmbl. 117; Ap. 59. Ic ofslóh æt ðære sæcce (the battle with Grendel's mother) húses hyrdas, Beo. Th. 3334; B. 1665. Hé tó sæcce bær wǽpen wundrum heard he to battle bore a weapon wondrous hard, 5366; B. 2686. Se ðe sæcce genæs he who came safe from conflict (Beowulf), 3959; 1977. Sæcce sécean, 3982; B. 1989. Nó hé him ðam sæcce ondréd, ne him ðæs wyrmes wíg for wiht dyde, 4684; B. 2347. Sæcce fremman to fight, 4991; B. 2499 : Exon. Th. 496, 28; Rä. 85, 21. Hí hæfdon sæcce gesóhte, sceolde sweordes ecg feorh ácsigan, Andr. Kmbl. 2265; An. 1134. Hé wælfǽhþa dǽl sæcca gesette he composed many a deadly feud and quarrel, Beo. Th. 4062; B. 2029. Cf. sacu.
sæccan (?) to fight, contend :-- Oft ic sceal wið wǽge winnan and wið winde feohtan, somod wið ðám sæcce (? sæcce fremman or sécan, v. preceding word; but cf. also sacian, sacan), Exon. 398, 3; Rä. 17, 2.
sæccing, es; m. Sacking, a bed made of sacking :-- Hí on sæccingum (in grabatis) bǽron ða untruman, Mk. Skt. 6, 55. v. sæcc.
sæc-dóm, sǽ-ceaster. v. sceac-dóm, sǽ-burh.
sǽ-ceosol sand or gravel on the sea-shore :-- Sǽceosol arena maris, Gen. 32, 12. Sǽcysul calculus, Wrt. Voc. i. 38, 23.
sæcg, secgan, sæcgen. v. secg, secgan, sægen.
sǽ-cir[r] the retreat of the sea (when the waves drew back and left a passage for the Israelites), Cd. Th. 196, 13; Exod. 291.
sǽ-clif a cliff by the sea :-- Swá fela welena swá ðara sondcorna beóþ be ðisum sǽclifum, Bt. 7, 4; Fox 22, 27.
sǽ-cocc, es; m. A cockle :-- Hwæt féhst ðú on sǽ? Crabban muslan sǽcoccas cancros, musculos, neptigallos, Coll. Monast. Th. 24, 11. [Cf. a farthing-worth of muscles were a feste for suche folke, oþer so fele Cockes (cokkys, MS. G. : cokeles, MS. I.), Piers P. C text x. 95. Welsh cocs cockles.]
sǽ-col, es; n. Jet; gagates, Wrt. Voc. ii. 42, 25.
sǽ-cyning, es; m. A sea-king, a king who was powerful on the sea :-- Helm Scylfinga, ðone sélestan sǽcyninga ðara ðe in Swióríce sinc brytnade, Beo. Th. 4754; B. 2382. [Icel. sæ-konungr.]
sæd; adj. with gen. Sated, weary, filled, having had one's fill (the word is not used in the sense of modern sad) :-- Sæd effetus, i. plenus, Germ. 396, 215. Ðǽr læg secg mænig ... wérig wíges sæd many a warrior lay dead there ... : of war had had his fill, Chr. 937; Erl. 112, 20. Beadoweorca sæd, Exon. Th. 388, 4; Rä. 6, 2. Wiste wlonc and wínes sæd, 369, 11; Seel. 39. Swíðe ǽtan and sade wurdan manducaverunt et saturati sunt nimis, Ps. Th. 77, 29. Hí sæde wǽron saturaviteos, 80, 15. [Goth. saþs : O. Sax. sad : O. L. Ger. sad : O. H. Ger. sat satur : Icel. saðr (saddr).] v. hilde-, un-, wín-sæd; sadian.
sǽd, es; n. I. seed, what is sown, that part of a plant which propagates :-- Senepes sǽd granum sinapis, Mk. Skt. 4, 31. Ðæt treów sceolde sǽde eft onfón the tree should again bear seed, Cd. Th. 251, 12; Dan. 562: 252, 24; Dan. 583. Ealle treówu ðe habbaþ sǽd on him silfon heora ágenes cynnes universa ligna quae habent in semetipsis sementem generis sui, Gen. 1, 29. Ðam men ðe seów gód sǽd on his æcyre, Mt. Kmbl. 13, 24. Út eode se sǽdere his sǽd tó sáwenne, Mk. Skt. 4, 3. Swylce man wurpe gód sǽd (sementem) on his land, 4, 26. I a. fig. seed, that from which anything springs :-- Ðæt hálige sǽd gewát, ðæt him ǽr of ðæs láreówes múþe bodad wæs, Blickl. Homl. 55, 29. Ðeáh biþ sum corn sǽdes gehealden symle on ðære sáwle sóðfæstnesse: ðæs sǽdes corn biþ simle áweaht mid áscunga, Met. 22, 37-41. Gif wé eów ða gástlícan sǽd sáwaþ, Homl. Th. ii. 534, 26. II. the ripe fruit, that from which the seed is taken :-- Hí heora sylfra sǽd sníþaþ they shall reap their crops, Ps. Th. 125, 5. Se háta sumor giereþ and drígeþ sǽd anð bléda, Met. 29, 61. III. fruit, growth :-- Of wlite wendaþ wæstma gecyndu, biþ seó síðre tíd sǽda gehwylces mǽtræ in mægne, Exon. Th. 105, 1; Gú. 16. IV. sowing, v. sǽd-tima:--Sǽd and geríp sumor and winter ne geswícaþ sementis et messis, aestas et hiems non requiescent, Gen. 8, 22. V. applied to animals, seed, progeny, posterity :-- Sǽd crementum (in a list 'de homine et de partibus ejus'), Wrt. Voc. i. 282, 26: ii. 16, 39. Weres sǽd, 44, 55. Mín sǽd him þeówaþ, Ps. Th. 21, 29. Ðæt sǽd ðara unrihtwísra forwyrð, 36, 28. Tó Abrahame wæs cweþende ðæt his sǽd oferweóxe ealle ðás woruld, Blickl. Homl. 159, 26. Swá hé spræc tó Abrahame and hys sǽde, Lk. Skt. 1, 55. Ðæt his bróðor nime his wíf and his bróðor sǽd wecce, Mk. Skt. 12, 19. [Goth. mana-séþs: O. H. Ger. sát: Icel. sáð seed, crop.] v. god-, lín-, un-, wád-sǽd.
sǽd-berende seed-bearing :-- Eorþe swealh sǽdberendes (v. sǽd, V) Sethes líce, Cd. Th. 69, 33; Gen. 1145. Grówende wirte and sǽdberende herbam viventem et facientem semen, Gen. 1, 29.
sǽd-cynn, es; n. A kind of seed :-- Ǽghwilc sǽdcyn omne genus seminarum, Wrt. Voc. i. 55, 30. Sǽdere gebyreþ ðæt hé hæbbe ǽlces sǽdcynnes ǽnne leáp fulne, ðonne hé ǽlc sǽd wel gesáwen hæbbe ofer geáres fyrst, L. R. S. 11; Th. i. 438, 9.
Sǽ-Dene; pl. The sea-Danes, Danes of the islands(?), or Danes skilled in sea-faring(?):--Sigehere lengest Sǽ-Denum weóld, Exon. Th. 320, 13; Víd. 31. Cf. Sǽ-Geátas.
sǽ-deór, es; m. A sea-beast (cf. Milton's 'that sea-beast Leviathan'):--Hine swencte on sunde sǽdeór monig, Beo. Th. 3025; B. 1510. Hé hét his ágene men hine sændan on ðone sǽ, and ða sǽdeór hine sóna forswulgon, Shrn. 54, 27. Hý mon wearp in sǽdeóra seáþ, 133, 11. Gif hit on Frigedæig þunrige, ðæt tácnaþ sǽdeóra cwealm, Lchdm. iii. 180, 17. [Icel. sjó-dýr.]
sǽdere, es; m. A sower :-- Sǽdere sator, seminator, Hpt. Gl. 461, 73. Sum sǽdere férde tó sáwenne his sǽd, Homl. Th. ii. 88, 12: Mk. Skt. 4, 3. Be sǽdere, L. R. S. 11; Th. i. 438, 8. v. next word.
sǽdian; p. ode To sow, provide seed for land :-- Folgere gebyreþ ðæt hé on twelf mónþum .ii. æceras geearnige, óðerne gesáwene and óðerne unsáwene; sǽdige sylf ðæne he must provide the seed for the latter himself, L. R. S. 10; Th. i. 438, 5.
sǽd-leáp, es; m. A basket or other vessel of wood carried on one arm of the husbandman, to bear the seed which he sows with the other, a seed-leap (Essex), seed-lip (Oxford). v. E. D. S. Pub. B. 18; also seed-lop, v. Old Country and Farming words, iii. Hopur or a seed lepe satorium, saticulum, Prompt. Parv. 246. A sedlepe saticulum, Wülck. Gl. 609, 28: semilio, 611, 11:--Sǽdleáp, Anglia ix. 264, 13. [Ðæt acersǽd hwǽte, ðæt is twegen sédlǽpes, and ðæt bærlíc, ðæt is þré sédlǽpas, and ðæt acersǽd áten, ðæt is feówer sédlǽpas, Chr. 1124; Erl. 252, 34-36. In the note on this passage seed-lip is said to be still used in Somersetshire.] v. leáp.
sǽd-líc; adj. Seminal :-- Séd sǽdlíc semen seminalem, Rtl. 146, 17.
sǽdnaþ, es; m. Sowing :-- Sǽdnaþ satio, seminatio, Wrt. Voc. i. 37, 50.
sædness, e; f. Satiety, repletion :-- Óþ sædnesse ad congeriem, congestionem, nauseam, satietatem, Germ. 391, 30.
sǽ-draca, an; m. A sea-dragon, sea-serpent :-- Sǽdracan leviathan .i. serpens aquaticus, Hpt. Gl. 424, 55. Gesáwon æfter wætere wyrmcynnes fela, sellíce sǽdracan, sund cunnian, Beo. Th. 2856; B. 1426.
sǽd-tíma, an; m. Seed-time, time for sowing :-- Sǽdtíma and hærfest, sumor and winter ne geswícaþ nǽfre, Hexam. 7; Norm. 12, 28. [Icel. sáð-tími the sowing season.] v. sǽd, IV.
sǽ-earm, es; m. An arm of the sea :-- Scýt se sǽearm up of ðæm sǽ westrihte, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 22, 4.
sǽ-ebbung, -elfen. v. sǽ-æbbung, -ælfenn.
sǽ-færeld a sea-passage, med in reference to the attempt made by the Egyptians to pass the Red Sea:--Ðá hí (the Egyptians) oninnan ðæm sǽfærelde wǽron, Ors. 1, 7; Swt. 38, 33.
sǽ-fæsten the fastness or stronghold which the sea constitutes :-- Óþ ðæt sǽfæsten landes æt ende leódmægne forstód the sea was a stronghold which blocked the further passage of the Israelites, Cd. Th. 185, 24; Exod. 127.
sǽ-faroþ the sea-shore :-- Ceólas léton æt sǽfearoþe sande bewrecene, Elen. Kmbl. 501; El. 251. Sæfaroþa sand, Cd. Th. 236, 18; Dan. 323. v. sǽ-waroþ.
Sæfern, e; also indecl. f. The river Severn :-- Hié gedydon innan Sæferne múþan, Chr. 918; Erl. 102, 24. On Sæferne staþe, 894; Erl. 92, 23. Hié gedydon æt Sæferne, ðá fóron be Sæferne . . . be westan Sæfern, 92, 14-20. Be Sæfern, 896; Erl. 94, 15. Be westan Sæferne, Bd. 5, 23; S. 646, 21. Of Seferne, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 393, 10. Of Sæfern, 405, 29. Westweardes on Sæferne, ii. 150, 9, 14. Latin forms in the charters are Saberna, i. 64, 11: Sabrina, 84, 2: Saebrina, ii. 59, 18.
Sæfern-múþa, an; m. The mouth of the Severn :-- On súþhealfe Sæfernmúþan, Chr. 918; Erl. 104, 4: 997; Erl. 134, 8.
sǽ-fise, es; m. A sea-fish, fish that lives in the sea :-- Fleógende fuglas and sǽfiscas volucres coeli et pisces maris, Ps. Th. 8, 8. Swelaþ sǽfiscas, wǽgdeóra gehwylc swelteþ, Exon. Th. 61, 19; Cri. 987. Óðre sǽfisca cynn, 363, 19; Wal. 56. [Ifulled mid gode sæfisce, Laym. 22550. Icel. sæ-fiskr.]
sáe-flód, es; m. n. I. an incoming tide, flood (as opposed to ebb):--Grécas hátaþ malina sǽflód ðonne hyt wixst, and ledon ðonne hyt wanaþ (cf. ledona népflód vel ebba, malina heáhflód, Wrt. Voc. i. 57, 11-12), Anglia viii. 327, 29. Wæs án burg sió wæs néh ðæm sǽ óþ án sǽflód com and hié áwéste civitas repentino maris impetu abscissa, atque desolata est, Ors. 2, 7; Swt. 90, 20. On ðissum geáre com ðæt mycele sǽflód, and ærn swá feor up swá nǽfre ǽr ne dyde, and ádrencte feala túna, Chr. 1014; Erl. 151, 14. Ðises geáres ásprang up tó ðan swíðe sǽflód, and swá mycel tó hearme dyde swá nán man ne gemunet ðæt hit ǽfre ǽror dyde, 1099; Erl. 235, 24. Sǽflóde indruto, Wrt. Voc. ii. 48, 27. II. the sea, the water of the sea :-- Ðá fandode forþweard scipes (Noah) hwæðer sincende sǽflód wǽre, Cd. Th. 86, 28; Gen. 1437. Heofen and eorþe síde sǽflódas coeli et terra, mare, Ps. Th. 68, 35. [He lætte bi sæflode ʒearkien scipen gode, Laym. 2630.]
sǽ-flota, an; m. A ship :-- Næs him cúð hwá ðam sǽflotan sund wísode, Andr. Kmbl. 761; An. 381. [Cf. He makede muchul sæflot, Laym. 4530.]
sǽ-fór, e; f. A journey by sea, a voyage :-- Nis ðæs módwlonc mon ofer eorþan . . . ðæt hé á his sǽfóre sorge næbbe, Exon. Th. 308, 19; Seef. 42.
sǽ-fugol a sea-fowl. Sǽfugl, as a proper name, occurs in the genealogy of Ælle of Northumbria, Chr. 560; Erl. 16, 29. [Icel. sjó-fugl.]
sǽgan; p. de To cause to sink :-- Óþ ðæt seó sunne on súþrodor sǽged weorðeþ (cf. Só giségid wurð sedle náhor hédra sunna, Hel. 5715), Exon. 207, 15; Ph. 142. v. on-sǽgan; sígan.
sǽ-geáp; adj. Roomy enough for sea voyages (of a ship):--Sǽgeáp naca, Beo. Th. 3797; B. 1896.
Sǽ-Geátas; pl. The seafaring(?) Geats :-- Ða Sǽ-Geátas sélran næbben tó geceósenne cyning ǽnigne, Beo. Th. 3704; B. 1850. Sǽ-Geáta (Beowulf and his companions) síðas, 3976; B. 1986. Cf. Sǽ-Dene.
sægedness a sacrifice, Mk. Skt. Lind. Rush. 12, 33. v. on-sægedness.
sǽ-gemǽre, es; n. A sea-border, coast :-- Sǽgemǽro maritima, Lk. Skt. 6, 17. On ðám sǽgemǽrum, Mt. Kmbl. 4, 13.
sægen, sæcgen, segen, e; f. I. a saying, statement, assertion :-- Ðá sægde se Clitus ðæt Philippus máre hæfde gedón ðonne hé. Hé ðá Alexander áhleóp, and hiene for ðære sægene ofslóg, Ors. 3, 9; Swt. 130, 30. Heora biscopas from hiora godum sǽden ðæt hié ðæt gefeoht forbuden. Ac Papirius ða biscepas for ðære sægene swíðe bismrade, 3, 10; Swt. 140, 2. Se Hǽlend cwæð: 'Ic sittende beó æt mínes Fæder swíðran.' Ðá cwæð se ealdorbiscop: 'Hwæt þincþ eów be ðissere segene, Homl. Th. ii. 248, 22: 320, 31: 484, 1. Gyf hé ðé segþ ðæt hé hwethwugu gesáwe . . . hweðer ðé áwuht æt his segene tweóge, Shrn. 196, 17. Ðú ne tweódast ymbe Honorius segene, hwí tweóst ðú ymbe hera þegena sæcgena, 197, 21-23. Hié sǽdon ðæt sió sibb of his mihte wǽre ac hé fleáh ða sægene he would not admit what they said, Ors. 3, 5; Swt. 106, 33. Sægenum assertionibus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 3, 62. Hié wiston be ðæs engles sægenum, ge be heora sige ge be ðara hǽðenra manna fleáme, Blickl. Homl. 203, 3. Sæcgenum, Ps. Th. 144, 7. II. what is said generally, tradition, report, story :-- Ðæt is fyrn sægen (fyrn-sægen? cf. fyrn-gewrit, -gid) it is an old story, Andr. Kmbl. 2977; An. 1491. Ic wolde gewitan hweðer sió segen sóð wǽre ðe mé mon be ðon sægde I wanted to know whether the story I had been told about it was true, Nar. 24, 15. Of ealdra manna gewritum oððe sægene ex scriptis vel traditione priorum, Bed. pref.; S. 472, 19. Se hlísa ðe þurh yldra manna segene tó ús becom opinio quae traditione majorum ad nos perlata est, 2, 1; S. 501, 2. On gewritum oððe on ealdra manna sægenum munimentis literarum vel seniorum traditione, pref.; S. 471, 27. Sægenum scriptis, 472, 5. III. a narration, relation (whether spoken or written):--Ðý læs ðæt eów seó sægen monigfealdlícor biþ onþúhte tó wrítanne ic ða wille lǽton ðe ðǽr gewurdon ne sim scribendi multiplex, priora facta praecognita praetereo, Nar. 3, 29. [Icel. sögn a tale, report.] v. ge-, sóþ-sægn, eald-gesegen.
sǽ-genga, an; m. I. a sea-goer, a mariner :-- Ða gleáwe sǽgenga (gleáwan sǽgengan ?) wel hig understandaþ ðæt eorþlíce líchamlíce beóþ fulran on weaxendum mónan ðonne on wanigendum the skilful mariners well understand that earthly, corporeal things are fuller with a waxing than with a waning moon, Anglia viii. 327, 21. II. a vessel, ship :-- Sǽgenga fór, fleát fámigheals forþ ofer ýðe, bundenstefna ofer brimstreámas, Beo. Th. 3821; B. 1908: 3769; B. 1882.
sǽ-geset, es; n. A maritime district :-- Saegesetu (-seotu) promaritima, Txts. 82, 728. Sǽgesetu, Wrt. Voc. ii. 68, 33.
sægl, -sægness, sægnian. v. sigel, on-sægness, segnian.
sǽ-grund (or sǽ (gen.) grund), es; m. The depth of the sea, the bottom of the sea :-- Ne mé forswelge sǽgrundes deóp neque obsorbeat me profundum, Ps. Th. 68, 15. Paulus áwrát be him sylfum, ðæt hé ǽnne dæg and áne niht on sǽgrunde ádruge, Homl. Th. ii. 574, 14. Sǽgrunde neáh (cf. ðis fis (the whale) wuneð wið ðe se grund, Misc. 16, 517), Beo. Th. 1133; B. 564. Þurh ðone sǽgrund (profundum maris, cf. tó sǽs grunde, l. 18, and on sǽs grund, Mt. Kmbl. 18, 6) is getácnod hira ende, Past. 2; Swt. 31, 20. Fán Gode besenctun on sǽgrund sigefæstne wer, Menol. Fox 421; Men. 212. Ic styrge wíde sǽgrundas, Exon. Th. 382, 12; Rä. 3, 10: Cd. Th. 196, 9; Exod. 289.
sǽ-hengest, es; m. I. a sea-horse, hippopotamus :-- Sǽhengest ipotamus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 48, 30. II. a sea-steed, ship :-- Hú ðú wǽgflotan, sǽhengeste, sund wísige, Andr. Kmbl. 975; An. 488. Cf. sǽ-mearh.
sǽ-hete (or sǽ (gen.) hete), es; m. Raging of the sea :-- Mid ðý wé wið ðam winde and wið ðam sǽ (sǽhete, MS. Ca.) campodan cum vento pelagoque certantes, Bd. 5, 1; S. 613, 27.
sǽ-holm, es; m. Sea :-- Sǽholm oncneów, gársecges begang, ðæt ðú gife hæfdes, Andr. Kmbl. 1058; An. 529.
sæht, sæhtlian. v. seht, sahtlian.
sæl, sel, es; n. A hall :-- Ic seah rǽplingas in ræced fergan under hróf sales, Exon. Th. 435, 3; Rä. 53, 2. Gæst yrre cwom, ðǽr wé sæl weardodon, Beo. Th. 4157; B. 2075. Ne gód hafoc geond sæl swingeþ, 4520; B. 2264. Hý sæl timbred (æltimbred, MS., the alliteration requires s) ongytan mihton; ðæt wæs foremǽrost receda, 620; B. 307. Heorot (Hrothgar's hall), sincfáge sel, 336; B. 167. Geond ðæt síde sel, Andr. Kmbl. 1523; An. 763. Wuna salu sinchroden halls splendidly decorated, 3342; An. 1675. Salo, Cd. Th. 113, 3; Gen. 1881. Gesáwon ofer since salo hlifian, reced ofer reádum golde, 145, 10; Gen. 2403. [Wyn for to schenche, after mete in sale, Horn. 1107. Þyse renkeʒ schal neuer sitte in my sale my soper to fele, Allit. Pms. 41, 107. Such a freke watʒ neuer in þat sale er þat tyme, Gaw. 197. O. H. Ger. sal exsolium, coenaculum; daz sal templum: Icel. salr a hall.] v. beág-sel, burg-, folc-, horn-sæl; sele, salor.
sǽl, es; m.: e; f. I. time, occasion :-- Ðá becom se apostol æt sumum sǽle (on one occasion) tó ðære byrig Pergamum, Homl. Th. i. 62, 24: 70, 23. On sumne sǽl quandoque, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Som. 40, 66. Heora wíse on nǽnne sǽl wel ne gefór, Ors. 4, 4; Swt. 164, 13. Ðás wyrte man mæg niman on ǽlcne sǽl this plant may be gathered at any time, Lchdm. i. 112, 3. II. a fit time, season, opportunity, the definite time at which an event should take place :-- Ðéh ðe seel síe etiamsi oportuerit, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 26, 35. Ðá Godan sǽl þúhte ðá gesóhte hé ðone kynincg when it appeared to Goda a favourable opportunity, he visited the king, Chart. Th. 202, 30. Hí wundiaþ, ðonne se sǽl cymeþ, Fragm. Kmbl. 43; Leás. 23. Ðá wæs sǽl and mǽl, ðæt tó healle gang Healfdenes sunu it was the proper time for Hrothgar to go to the banquet-hall, Beo. Th. 2021; B. 1008. Óþ ðæt sǽl álamp (cf. Ðá seó tíd gelamp, ðæt . . ., Met. 26, 17) ðæt hió Beówulfe medoful ætbær till the proper time arrived for her to present the mead cup to Beowulf, 1249; B. 622: 4123; B. 2058. Ic ofslóh æt ðære sæcce ðá mé sǽl ágeald (when opportunity was offered me: cf. ðá him rúm ágeald 5374; B. 2690) húses hyrdas, 3335; B. 1665: Cd. Th. 121, 11; Gen. 2008. Seó sǽl gewearð (cf. seó tíd gewearð, ðæt se eorl ongan æðele cennan, 74, 25; Gen. 1227), ðæt his wíf sunu on woruld brohte, 72, 14: Gen. 1186. Se sǽl cymeþ, ðæt heó dómes dæges dyn gehýre, Salm. Kmbl. 648; Sal. 323. Ne mihte ná lengc manna ǽnig hine sylfne bedyrnan ac gehwá tó sǽles (at once) móste clipian, Homl. Skt. i. 23, 115. Wit þencaþ sǽles bídan siððan sunne Metod up forlǽt we intend to wait till after sunrise, Cd. Th. 147, 10; Gen. 2437. Sǽles bídeþ hwonne heó cræft hyre cýþan móte, Exon. Th. 413, 28; Rä. 32, 12. Hé sóhte ða seel (sél, Rush.) ðætte hine salde quaerebat opportunitatem ut eum traderet, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 26, 16. III. time as in bad or good times, circumstance, condition. v. IV:--Nú ís sǽl (a time of misery) cumen, þreá ormǽte, Andr. Kmbl. 2332: An. 1167. Storm oft holm gebringeþ in grimmum sǽlum storm oft brings ocean into a furious condition, Exon. Th. 336, 20; Gn. Ex. 52. Jacob byþ on glædum sǽlum exultabit Jacob, Ps. Th. 52, 8. Hæfdan beorgas blíðe sǽle montes exultaverunt, 113, 14. Sael gewynsumie roeðe casus secundet asperos, Ps. Surt. ii. 201, 11. IV. happiness, good fortune, good time, prosperity (often in pl.):--On ðære stówe wé gesunde mágon sǽles bídan, Cd. Th. 152, 21; Gen. 2523. Mæg snottor guma sǽle brúcan, gódra tída, Exon. Th. 104, 12; Gú. 6. Sǽlum geblissad gladdened with all joys, 207, 12; Ph. 140. Siteþ sorgcearig, sǽlum bidǽled, 379, 5; Deór. 28. Syngum tó sǽlum (cf. After liked him ful wele for al was turned him to sele, C. M. 4432) for the happiness of sinners, 84, 21; Cri. 1377. Ne frín ðú æfter sǽlum, sorh is geníwod, Beo. Th. 2648; B. 1322. ¶ On sǽlum, sálum in a state of happiness, happy [cf. þu ware a sele gief ich was wroð, O. E. Homl. ii. 183, 17. Heora færð wes on sæle was prosperous, Laym. 1310. Selden sal he ben on iele (selde wurþ he blyþe and gled, Jes. MS.), Misc. 121, 301]:--Þá wæs þeód on sǽlum (joyous), Beo. Th. 1291; B. 643. On sálum, 1218; B. 607. Ðú on sǽlum wes be fortunate, 2345; B. 1170. On sǽlum in times of prosperity, Met. 2, 2, 7. Folc wæs on sálum, Cd. Th. 184, 13; Exod. 106: 214, 5; Exod. 564: Elen. Kmbl. 387; El. 194. [All middellærdess sceþe and sel, Orm. 14304. For quoso suffer cowþe syt (trouble), sele wolde fol&yogh;e, Allit. Pms. 92, 5. Goth. sélei goodness: Icel. sæla bliss, joy, happiness.] v. gyte-, heáh-sǽl; sǽlþ.
sǽ-lác a gift or present or offering that comes from the sea or from a lake :-- Beowulf maþelode: Hwæt wé ðé ðás sǽlác (what B. had brought to Hrothgar from Grendel's lake-dwelling) brohton tíres tó tácne, Beo. Th. 3308; B. 1652: 3253; B. 1624.
sǽ-lád a course or way on the sea :-- Wé on sǽláde (in our course) brecaþ ofer bæðweg, Andr. Kmbl. 1022; An. 511. Hie on sǽláde wíf tó Denum feredon they on the watery way took the woman to Denmark, Beo. Th. 2319; B. 1157. Hé tó gyrnwræce swíðor þohte ðonne tó sǽláde his thoughts were turned rather to vengeance effected by wiles than to taking his way over the sea, 2283; B. 1139. [Cf. Icel. sjó-leiði a seaway; sjó-leiðis by sea.]
sǽ-láf what is left by the sea, applied to the spoils of the Egyptians drowned in the Red Sea:--Ongunnon sǽláfe dǽlan, ealde mádmas, reáf and randas, Cd. Th. 215, 16; Exod. 584.
sǽlan; p. de To happen, betide, fortune (e. g. in Spenser):--Gif hié ærfeweard ne gestriónen, oðða him sylfum ælles hwæt sǽle . . . Gif him elles hwæt sǽleþ, Chart. Th. 471, 30-472, 1. Sǽlde unc on þám brocum swá unc gesǽlde (sǽlde, Kmbl.) happen what might to us in those troubles, 485, 23. Hú ðé sǽle how it may happen to thee, what your success may be, Andr. Kmbl. 2710; An. 1357. v. ge-, tó-sǽlan.
sǽlan; p. de. I. to fasten with a cord :-- Hé sǽlde tó sande sídfæðmed scip oncerbendum fæst, Beo. Th. 3838; B. 1917. Wedera leóde sǽwudu sǽldon, 457; B. 226. Hwǽr wé sǽlan sceolon sǽhengestas ancrum fæste, Exon. Th. 54, 3; Cri. 863. Ymb geofenes stæþ gearwe stódon sǽlde sǽmearas, Elen. Kmbl. 455; El. 228. II. fig. to restrain, repress, confine :-- Dómgeorne dreórigne hyge oft in heora breóstcofan bindaþ fæste. Swá ic módsefan mínne sceolde oft feterum sǽlan, Exon. Th. 287, 29; Wand. 21. Sǽlde sǽgrundas the bound sea-depths (in contrast with the relaxing of the bonds which held the sea, when a passage was made through it for the Israelites), Cd. Th. 196, 9; Exod. 289. [Goth. in-sailjan.] v. á-, ge-, on-, un-sǽlan; sál.
sǽ-land a maritime district :-- Mín gafolfisc ðe mé áríst be sǽlande maritimos pisces qui mihi contingere debent annualiter per thelonei lucrum, Chart. Th. 308, 1. [Cf. Icel. Sjó-land (a local name).]
sælen; adj. Of sallow :-- Sælenum salignis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 89, 50. [O. H. Ger. salahin salignus.] v. sealh.
sǽ-leóþ a sea-song, song sung by the sailors in rowing, to keep stroke :-- Sǽleóþes celeumatis (GREEK), Wrt. Voc. ii. 22, 24.
sǽ-líc; adj. Of the sea :-- On sǽlícum strande on the sea-shore, Homl. Th. ii. 62, 10. Of sǽlícum grunde, 138, 11. On sǽlícere ýðe in the water of the sea, 138, 8. Hí fixodon on sǽlícum ýðum, i. 576, 21. Gedréfed on ðám sǽlícum ýðum ðyssere worulde, ii. 388, 7. On sǽlícum in glarigeris, Hpt. Gl. 465, 3: in marinis, 473, 71. Ðæt hí Seaxna þeóde ofer ðám sǽlícum (? of ðám ofersǽlícum) dǽlum him on fultum gecýgdon ut Saxonum gentem de transmarinis partibus in auxilium vocarent, Bd. 1, 14; S. 482, 39. Ic rówe ofer sǽlíce dǽlas navigo ultra marinas partes, Coll. Monast. Th. 26, 33. Drihten gegaderode ða sǽlícan ýða fram ðære eorþan brádnysse, Hexam. 6; Norm. 10, 16. Ða sǽlícan nýtenu (two seals), Homl. Th. ii. 138, 15. v. ofersǽ-líc.
sǽ-lida, -leoda, an; m. A sea-goer, sailor :-- Snottor sǽleoda (Noah), Cd. Th. 201, 18; Exod. 374. Gehýrst ðú, sǽlida! . . . brimmanna boda! Byrht. Th. 133, 4; By. 45. Ic ǽfre ne geseah ǽnigne mann ðé gelícne steóran ofer stæfnan . . Ic georne wát ðæt ic ǽfre ne geseah on sǽleodan syllicran cræft I have never seen in a seaman more wondrous skill, Andr. Kmbl. 999; An. 500. Nǽfre ic sǽlidan sélran métte, 941; An. 471. Offa ðone sǽlidan slóh, Byrht. Th. 140, 10; By. 286. Cf. sǽ-líðend.
sǽlig blessed, fortunate. [O. Sax. sálig: O. L. Ger. sálig, sélig: O. H. Ger. sálig bealus, felix.] v. earfoþ-, ge-, gewif-, heard-, ofer-, un-, wansǽlig, and next word.
sǽlíglice; adv. Happily :-- Séliglíce feliciter, Rtl. 79, 30. [O. Sax. sáliglíko: O. H. Ger. sáliglíhho feliciter.] v. ge-sǽliglíce.
sǽ-líðend, es; m. A seaman, sailor, seafarer; also a ship, cf. sǽ-genga :-- Secgaþ sǽlíðend. Beo. Th. 826; B. 411: 3640; B. 1818: 5604; B. 2806. Sægdon sǽlíðende, 760; B. 377. Se ðe bisenceþ sǽlíðende, eorlas and ýðmearas. Exon. 363, 4; Wal. 48. [O. Sax. séo-líðandi.]
sǽ-líðende; adj. Seafaring :-- Se mǽra wæs háten sǽlíðende weallende Wulf, Salm. Kmbl. 422; Sal. 211. [Sæ-liðende men, Laym. 7821.]
sælmerige, an; f. Brine :-- Sælmerige (sæll-, sel-; -mærige) salsamentum, Ælf. Gr. 30; Zup. 192, 18. [Cf. Span, salmuera brine: Ital. salamoja: Fr. saumure: Lot. sal-rmuria; cf. Gk. GREEK ívpos briny.]
sælþ, e; f. A dwelling, abode :-- Bare hié gesáwon heora líchaman næfdon on ðam lande ðá giet sælþa gesetena bare they (Adam and Eve after the fall) saw their bodies, they had not yet in the land dwellings appointed. Cd. Th. 48, 33; Gen. 785. [O. Sax. seliða; f. a dwelling: O. L. Ger. salitha, selitha tabernaculum, habitaculum: Goth. salithwa; f. a mansion, lodging, guest-chamber; O. H. Ger. salida, selida; f. mansio, domicilium, habitaculum.]
sǽlþ, e; f. Happiness, joy, felicity, good fortune, prosperity (the word is generally in the plural) :-- Ic nú haebbe ongiten ðæt ða míne sǽlþa and seó orsorgnes ðe ic sǽr wénde ðæt gesǽlþa beón sceoldan náne sǽlba ne sint I have now seen that my prosperity and security, that I supposed were certainly happiness, are none; non infitiari possum prospetitatis meae velocissimum cursum, Bt. 10; Fox 26, 25-27. Hátan ðæt sǽlþa ðe náne ne beóþ, 16, 3; Fox 56, 25. Áfyr fram ðé ía yfelan sǽlþa and unnettan gaudia pelle, 6; Fox 14, 32. Ðæm men þincþ ðeáh hé sé godcundlíce gesceádwis ðæt hé on him selfum næbbe sǽlþa genóge búton hé máre gegaderige ðara ungesceádwísena gescefta ðonne hé beþurfe divinum merito rationis animal, non aliter sibi splendere, nisi inanimatae supellectilis possessione videatur, 14, 2; Fox 44, 19. Ys micel niédþearf ðæt mon hiene wið ða ungemetlícan sǽlþa warenige, Past. 27; Swt. 189, 6. Hý weorðgeornra sǽlþa tðslítaþ they destroy the fortunes of the ambitious, Salm. Kmbl. 697; Sal. 348. Heofenas blissiaþ sealte sǽstreámas sǽlþe habbaþ. Ps. Th. 95, 11. [O. Sax. sálða: O. L. Ger. sálda salus, salutare : O. H. Ger. sálida felicitas, beatitas, bona fortuna; v. Grmm. D. M. pp. 822 sqq. on Sǽlde= Fortuna: Icel. sælð bliss.] v. ge-, ofer-, un-, woruld-sǽlþ.
sæltna (?) a bird's name :-- Saeltna, Wrt. Voc. ii. 119, 37 : seltra, i. 281, 8 : salthaga, 62, 36 gloss rubisca which is in the last case also glossed by rudduc the robin redbreast, v. rudduc.
sǽl-wang, es; m. A fertile plain, plain :-- Hé be wealle geseah wundrum fæste under sǽlwange sweras unlytle by the wall he saw huge pillars with their bases wondrous fast underground. Andr. Kmbl. 2984; An. 1495. Hwílum mec mín freá fæste genearwaþ, sendeþ ðonne under sǽlwonge (MS. sal-), Exon. Th. 382, 27; Rä. 4, 2. Ic geseah hors ofer sǽlwong þrægan, 400, 3; Rä. 20, 3. Hé geseah síde sǽlwongas synnum gehladene, Cd. Th. 78, 14; Gen. 1293.
sǽ-marm, es; m. I. a seaman, one who journeys by sea :-- Sǽmen æfter fóron flódwege, Cd. Th. 184, 11; Exod. 105, Sǽmanna síð, 208, 4; Exod. 478. Gáras, sǽmanna searo, Beo. Th. 663; B. 329. Hé sǽmannum onsacan mihte, 5900; B. 2954. Sigel sǽinannun. symble byþ on hihte, Runic pm. Kmbl. 342, 15; Rún. 16, II. when English affairs are referred to the word is used of the Scandinavians :-- Wálá ðære woruldscame ðe nú habbaþ Engle. Oft twegen sǽmen oððe þrý drífaþ ða dráfe cristenra manna fram sǽtð tó sǽ, Wulfst. 163, 5. Mé sendon tó ðé sǽmen snelle, Byrht. Th. 132, 41; By. 29. Gif ðú wille syllan sǽmannum feoh, 132, 58; By. 38. Hé his sincgyfan on ðám sǽmannum wrec, 139, 63; By. 278. [Icel. sjó-maðr a seaman, mariner.]
sǽ-mearh a sea-horse, a ship :-- Ús bær heáhstefn naca, snellíc sǽmearh, Andr. Kmbl. 533; An. 267. Meahte gesión brimwudu myrgan, sǽmearh plegan, Elen. Kmbl. 490; El. 245. Fearoþhengestas, sǽmearas, 455; El. 228. Heáhstefn scipu, sǽmearas. Exon. Th. 361, 5; Wal. 15. [For similar terms in Icelandic v. Corpus Poeticum Boreale, vol. ii. p. 458.] Cf. sǽ-hengest.
sǽmend, sǽmest, sǽmestre. v. sémend, sǽmra, seámestre.
sǽ-méðe; adj. Weary with being on the sea :-- Sǽméðe (Beowulf and his companions on their arrival at Hrothgar's palace], Beo. Th. 655; B. 325.
sǽ-minte, an; f. Sea-mint :-- Sǽminte nereta (cf. sea-minte nereta, Lchdm. iii. 304, col, l), Wrt. Voc. i. 68, 39: althea, 68, 79.
sæmotu (?) glosses fustrum (frustumt), Wrt. Voc. ii. 152, 10.
sǽmra; adj. (without positive) Inferior, worse :-- Symle wæs ðý sǽmra ðonne ic sweorde drep ferhþgeníðlan ever was the deadly foe the worse when I struck him with the sword, Beo. Th. 5752; B. 2880. Hit is sǽmre nú it is worse now (than in the golden age). Met. 8, 42. Ic lǽre ðæt hé gýme ǽðter ge ðæs sélran ge ðæs sǽmran I advise him to take care both of the more and of the less important matters, Anglia ix. 260, 10. Hnáhran rince, sǽmran æt sæcce, Beo. Th. 1910; B. 953. Gif ðú sóðne God lufast. . . Gif ðú tó sǽmran gode hǽtsþ hǽðen feoh. Exon. Th. 245, 28; Jul. 51 : 264, 9; Jul. 361. Ða sǽmran deteriora, Wrt. Voc. ii. 139, 38. Ðú byst se ilca se ðú ǽr ware, ne beóþ ðín winter wiht ðé sǽmran (anni tui non deficient). Ps. Th. 101, 24. Hí dweligende sécaþ ðæt héhste gód on ða sámran (sǽmran, Cote. MS. ) gesceafta id (good) error humanus a vero atque perfecto ad falsum imperfectumque traducit, Bt. 33, 1; Fox 120, 12. Sǽmust vel wyrst pessima, Blickl. Gl. Ne wǽron ðæt gesíba ða sǽmestan, Exon. Th. 326, 8; Wíd. 1 Cf. sám-.
sǽ-naca, an; m. A sea- going vessel, Exon. Th. 474, 7; Bo. 26.
sǽne; adj. Slow, dull, sluggish, inactive :-- Ymb ða gýmene his écre hǽlo hé wæs tó sǽne erga curam perpetuae suae salvationis nihil omnino studii gerens, Bd. 3, 13; S. 538, 19. Ne sceal se tó sǽne beón, ne ðissa lárna tó læt. Exon. Th. 450, 16; Dóm. 88. Sǽne mód a sluggish mind, 122, 32; Gú, 314. Næs ðæt sǽne cyning, 322, 23; Wíd. 67. Eálá ðæt ðú woldest ðæs síðfætes sǽne weorðan (slow to undertake the journey), Andr. Kmbl. 408; An. 204: 422; An. 211: Elm. Kmbl. 440; El. 220, Næs his bróðor læt, síðes sǽne, Apstls. Kmbl. 67; Ap. 34. Nǽron ða twegen tohtan sǽne, lindgeláces, 150; Ap. 75. Ðone sǽnan ðe biþ tó sláw ðú scealt hátan assa má ðonne man segnis ac stupidus torpet? asinum vivit. Bt. 37, 4; Fox 192, 19. Mægencræft móda gehwilces ofer líchoman lænnie and sǽnne might of the mind over the body weak and dull. Met. 26, 106. Hé (a sea serpent) on holme wæs sundes ðé sǽnra (the slower in swimming), ðá hyne swylt fornam, Beo. Th. 2876; B. 1436. Ic sceal sécan óðerne ellenleásran cempan sǽnran I must seek another warrior less courageous and active, Exon. Th. 266, 9; Jul. 395. [O. H. Ger. seine: Icel. scinn; Dan. seen: Swed. sen. Cf. Goth. sainjan to be slow, to tarry.] v. á-sánian.
sǽ-næss, es; m. A ness or promontory stretching into the sea, a cape :-- Sǽnesse promontorio, Hpt. Gl. 420, 7. Ða líðende land gesáwon brimclifu blícan, beorgas steápe, síde sǽnæssas, Beo. Th. 451; 6. 223. Sǽnæssas geseón, windige weallas, 1146; B. 571.
sǽ-nett a net for fishing in the sea :-- Sǽnet sagene, Wrt. Voc. i. 68, 14.
sæp, es; n. Sap :-- Sæp succus, Hpt. Gl 450, 12. Cederbeám cedrus, his sæp cedria, Wrt. Voc. i. 33, 39. Ðá wearð beam monig blódigum teárum birunnen, sæp wearð tó swáte, Exon. Th. 72, 23; Cri. 1177. Ðæs swétestan sæpes suavissime succi, Hpt. Gl. 411, 58. Seó dríge gyrd ðe næs mid sæpe ácucod, Homl. Th. ii. 8, 17. Sep sucum, Germ. 391, 18. [Ayenb, þet zep; O. H. Ger. saf: Icel. safi; m.] v. stór-sæp.
sæpig; adj. Full of sap, succulent :-- Sæpig stela succulentus cauliculus, Hpt. Gl. 419, 45. [Prompt. Parv. sapy or fulle 'of sap cariosus.] v. un-sæpig.
sæppe, an; f. The spruce fir :-- Sæppe abies. Wrt. Voc. i. 285, 40. [Cf. Lat. sappinus from which Fr. sapin.]
sæp-spón a chip or shaving with sap in it :-- Genim geongre ácrinde hand fulle . . . sceafe ðæt gréne, wylle ða sæpspóne on cúmeolce, Lchdm. ii. 292, 27.
sǽ-rima, an; m. The sea-shore, coast :-- Hí mycel yfel gedydon ǽgðer ge on Defenum ge wel hwǽr be ðæm sǽriman, Chr. 897; Erl. 95, 20: 994; Erl. 133, 19. [Bí ða sǽrime áhwǽr in Engelande in littore marino alicubi in Anglia, Chart. Th. 422, 2.] [Bi þisse særirne, Laym. 6216.]
sǽ-rinc, es; m. A sea-man, one who journeys by sea (used of the Scandinavians, cf. sǽ-mann) :-- Hine ymb monig snellíc sǽrinc (of Beowulf and his companions), Beo. Th. 1384; B. 690. Sende se sǽrinc (one of the Danes attacking Byrhtnoth) súþerne gár, Byrht. Th. 135, 46; By. 134.
sæ-ríric a reed-bed in the sea (?), an ait; -- Swylce wórie bí ófre sondbeorgum ymbseald sǽrýrica mǽst, swá ðæt wénaþ wǽglíþende ðæt hý on eálond sum eágum wlíten (the reference is to the whale, which mariners mistake for an island), Exon. Th. 360, 24; Wal. 10. [Cf. O. H. Ger. rorahi arundinetum.]
sǽ-róf; adj. Active on the sea, strong in rowing :-- Ðonne sǽrófe snelle mægne árum bregdaþ, Exon. Th. 296, 25; Crä. 56.
sǽ-sceaþa, an; m, A sea-robber, pirate :-- Sǽsceaban piratici, Wrt. Voc. ii. 68, 12.
sǽ-síð a sea-journey, voyage, Beo. Th. 2302; B. 1149.
sǽ-snægl, es; m. A sea-snail :-- Sǽsnǽl chelio, testudo vel marina gagalia, Wrt. Voc. i. 24, 32. Sǽsnæglas conchae vel cochleae, 56, 7: ii. 136, 14.
sǽ-strand, es; m. Sea-shore :-- Sǽstrand litus, Wrt. Voc. i. 80, 59. Swá mænigfealde swá swá sandceosol on sǽstrande, Jos. 11, 4: Wulfst. 198, 22. Beraþ ða stánas tó sǽstrande, Homl. Th. i. 68, 29. [Heo stepen up a sæstrond, Laym. 9235. Icel. sævar-strönd.]
sǽ-streám, es; m. Sea-stream, water of the sea :-- Ðonne sǽstreámas flówaþ elationes maris. Ps. Th. 92, 5. Sǽstreámas sealte, 79, 11: Andr. Kmbl. 391; An. 196: 1497; An. 750. Swearte sǽstreámas. Cd. Th. 80, 9; Gen. 1326. Sǽstreámum neáh, 193, 22; Exod. 250. Ic his swíðran hand settan þence ðæt hé sǽstreámum syððan wealde ponam in mari manum ejus, et in fluminibns dexteram ejus, Ps. Th. 88, 22. Sicilia sǽstreámum in, Met. 1. 15. [He iwende ouer seastreames, Laym. 326. Þu steorest te sea stream þ-bar; hit fleden ne mot fir þan þu markedest, Marh. 9, 34. O. Sax. séo-stróm.]
sǽt e; f. An ambush, a place where one lies in wait :-- Hý sǽtiaþ mín and sittaþ swá gearwe swá seó leó déþ tó ðam ðe hé gefón wyle and swá swá his hwelp byþ gehýd æt ðære sǽte susceperunt me sicut leo paratus ad praedam, et sicut catulus leonis habitans in abditis, Ps. Th. 16, 11. Deórhege heáwan and sǽte haldan to maintain the places from which the deer might be shot (?), L. R. S. 2; Th. i. 432, 15. The Latin version has stabilitatem observare; Leo takes sǽte = hedges, and Schmid translates 'in ordnung erhalten.' [Icel. sát; f. ambush.] v. sǽtian.
sǽta a resident, inhabitant. The form occurs only in compounds, and these are for the most part in the plural. There is also beside the weak -sǽtan a strong -sǽte. v. Dorn- (Dor-), Dún-, Peác-, Sumor-, Wil-sǽte (-sǽtan). Other instances of the suffix are given in Bd. 4, 12; S. 581, 34, where Hrypensis ecclesia is translated Hrypsǽttna cyrice: Hiisétena munecas Hiienses monachi, 5, 22; S. 644, 24: and in Cod. Dip. B. i. 414. It also forms part of common nouns, v. burh-, ende-, land-sǽta: with which may be compared O. L. Ger. land-sétio: O. H. Ger. himil-sázo: Ger. land-safs. See too the compounds of sittend[e].
sǽtan, -sǽte; subst., -sǽte; adj., sæten, Sæter-dæg. v. sǽtian, sǽta, and-sǽte, seten, Sætern-dæg.
sǽtere, es; m. One that lies in wait, one that waylays. I. a robber; latro :-- Þeáf and séttere fur et latro, Jn. Skt. Lind. 10, 1. Þeáfas and sétteras fures et latrones, 10, 8. II. fig. one who acts insidiously; insidiator, seductor :-- Se sǽtere (insidiator), ðæt is se dióful, hé hine spænþ on wóh, Past. 53, 7; Swt. 417, 23. Ðonne cymþ se lytega sǽtere (seductor) tó ðæm sláwan móde, and áteleþ him eall ðæt hé ǽr tó góde gedyde, 65, 2; Swt. 463, 12. Hí sendon séteras (insidiatores) ðætte genómo hine on word, Lk. Skt. Lind. 20, 20. v. sǽt, sǽtian.
Sætern-dæg, Sæternes-, Sæter-, Sæteres-dæg, es; m. Saturday; dies Saturni :-- Sæterndæges rest requies sabbati, Ex. 16, 23. On Sæterndæg, Mk. Skt. 9, 2, Rbe. Sæterndæg (sæter-, MS. A. ), Lk. Skt. 23, 56. Sæterdæg (sæternes-, MS. A. ), 23, 54. Sæternesdæg, Mt. Kmbl. 16, 28, Rbe. : 20, 29, Rbe. On ðone Sæternesdæg, Chr. 1012; Erl. 146, 12: Shrn. 70, 7. Sæternesdæg of Saturno Iovis fæder, Anglia viii. 321, 17. Se seofoþa dæg is se Sæternesdæg, Homl. Th. ii. 206, 6. Æghwylce Sæternesdæge per omne sabbatum, Bd. 2, 3; S. 504, 40. Seternesdæg Sabbatum, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 12, 8. Sætresdæg (Sæternes-, MS. T. ), R. Ben. 37, 23: 38, 8. On ðæm Sæteresdæge, Blickl. Homl. 71, 30. [Saturnus heo (the forefathers of the English) ʒiven Sætterdæi (Sateresdai, 2nd MS. ), Laym. 13933. Orm. Saterrdaʒʒ. High German and Scandinavian take a different form, but Frisian and Dutch agree with English. v. Grmm. D. M. pp. 114-5; 226-7.]
Sætern-, Sæter-niht, e; f. Friday night, the night between Friday and Saturday :-- His (Christ) líc læg on byrgene ða Sæterniht and Sunnanniht his body lay in the sepulchre on the nights of Friday and Saturday, Homl. Th. i. 216, 27. [R. Glouc. Sater-niʒt.]
sǽ-þeóf, es; m. A sea-thief, a pirate :-- Heáh sǽþeóf archipiratta, Wrt. Voc. ii. 5, 28.
sæþerige, an; f. Savory; satureia hortensis :-- Sæþerian sǽd. Lchdm. ii. 314, 19 : iii. 72, 8. v. saturege.
sǽtian, sǽtan; p. ode To lie in wait for, waylay (with gen. ) :-- Forðam hé hine ne meahte mid openlícum gefeohte ofersuíðan sǽtaþ ðonne diógollíce and sécþ hú hé hine mǽge gefón quia enim publico bello perdidit, ad exercendas occulte insidias exardescit, Past. 33, 7; Swt. 227, 13. Hé sǽtaþ (insidiatur) ðæt hé bereáfige ðone earman. Ps. Th. 9, 30. Se synfulla sǽtaþ ðæs rihtwísan observabit peccator justum, 36, 12. Hý sǽtiaþ mín susceperunt me, 16, 11. Ðú scealt fiersna sǽtan, Cd. Th. 56, 18; Gen. 913. Hú ǽghwelc syn biþ sǽtigende ðæs þióndan monnes quomodo unumquodque peccatum proficientibus insidietur, Past. 21, 5; Swt. 161, 24. Feóndas and sǽtendan sáwle mínre inimici et qui custodiebant animam meam. Ps. Th. 70, 9. Sétendum insidiantibus, Lk. Skt. p. 10, 5. [Icel. sæta to lie in wait for (with dat.): M. H. Ger. sázen.] v. sǽtnian, sǽt, sǽtere.
sætilcas :-- Ne ymbe sciphergas sætilcas ne hérdon ne furþum fira nán ymb gefeoht sprecan, Met. 8, 31. Grein suggests scealcas, cf. næs scealca nán in v. 21; the corresponding prose is :-- Ne gehérde nón mon ðá get nánne sciphere, ne furþon ymbe nán gefeoht sprecan, Bt. 15; Fox 48, 14-16.
sǽtnere, es; m. One who lies in wait. v. sǽtnian, sǽtere; but used in the following case to gloss seditiosus :-- Mid setnerum cum seditiosis, Mk. Skt. Lind. 15, 7. v. sǽtnung.
sǽtnian; p. ode To lie in wait for (with gen. ) :-- Ðá wǽron ðǽr Sarocine gesamnode, ðæt hig sǽtnodan manna, Shrn. 37, 34. v. sǽtian.
sǽtnung, e; f. I. a lying in wait, plot, snare, v. sǽtung :-- Hé hine bæd ðæt hé his líf gescylde wið swá mycles éhteres sǽtningum obsecrans ut vitam suam a tanti persecutoris insidiis tutando servaret, Bd. 2, 12; S. 513, 5. Hé him ða sǽtnunge (insidias) gewearnode ðæs unholdan cyninges, S. 515, 11 : 5, 23; S. 646, 37 note. Sétnungum insidiantes, Lk. Skt. Lind. Rush. 11, 54. II. in the following passages the word glosses seditio. v. sǽtnere :-- On setnuncge (setnong, Lind. ) in seditione, Mk. Skt. Rush. 15, 7. Fore sétnunge propter seditionem. Lk. Skt. Rush. 23, 19, 25.
sǽtung, e; f. A lying in wait, plot, snare :-- Sǽtunge aucupatione, Wrt. Voc. ii. 7, 43. Setunge, 101, 25. Gif him þince ðæt hé feala earna ætsomne geseó, ðæt biþ yfel níð and manna ǽtunga and seara, Lchdm. iii. 168, 11. Ðonne hé foresægþ ða diéglan sǽtenga ðæs lytegan feóndes quando hostis callidi circumspectas et quasi incomprehensibiles insidias praedicit, Past. 21, 5; Swt. 163, 14. Scottas ne sǽtincge ne gestrodu wið Angelþeóde syrwaþ Scotti nil contra gentem Anglorum insidiarum moliuníur oue fraudium, Bd. 5, 23; S. 646, 37.
sǽ-upwoarp what is thrown up on land by the sea, jetsum :-- Ic habbe gegeofen Ælfwine abbod . . . ða sǽupwearp on eallen þingen æt Bramcæstre, Chart. Th. 421, 33.
sǽ-wǽg a wave of the sea :-- Sealte sǽwǽgas, Cd. Th. 240, 9; Dan. 384.
sǽ-wæter, es; n. Sea-water :-- Genim celeþonian seáw and sǽwæter. Lchdm. ii. 28, 12.
sǽ-wang, es; m. The plain by the sea, the shore :-- Gewát se hearda æfter sande sǽwong tredan, wíde waroþas, Beo. Th. 3933; B. 1964.
sǽ-wár sea-weed :-- Sǽwaar alga, Wrt. Voc. i. 31, 35. Cf. waar alga, ii. 99, 29. See E. D. S. Pub. Plant Names. s. v. waur.
sǽ-waroþ the sea-shore :-- Be sǽwaroþe and be æáófrum, Bt. 32, 3; Fox 118, 17 : Met. 19, 21.
sǽ-weall, es; m. I. a sea-wall, a cliff by the sea :-- Higelác wunode sǽwealle neáh, Beo. Th. 3853; B. 1924 : Exon. Th. 471, 15; Rä. 61,1. II. a wall formed by the sea :-- Sǽweall ástáh (cf. Ðæt wæter (of the Red Sea) stód swilce twegen hége weallas, Ex. 14, 22), Cd. Th. 197, 6; Exod. 302.
sǽ-weard sea-ward, keeping watch and ward on the sea-coast; it was a duty that might be required in some cases of the thane and of the 'cotsetla' :-- Of manegum landum máre landriht áríst tó cyniges gebanne . . . sǽweard (the section refers to the 'thegen'), L. R. S. 1; Th. i. 432, 8. Werige his (the 'cotsetla') hláfordes inland, gif him man beóde, æt sǽwearde, 3; Th. i. 432, 28. Cf. the description of Beowulf's landing :-- Ða of wealle geseah weard Scyldinga, se ðe holmclifu healdan scolde, etc., Beo. Th. 463 sqq.
sǽ-weg a sea-way, a path through the sea :-- Sǽfiscas ða faraþ geond ða sǽwegas pisces maris qui perambulant semitas maris. Ps. Th. 8, 8. [Icel. sjó-vegr.]
sǽ-wérig; adj. Weary with being on the sea :-- Sǽwérige slǽp ofereode, Andr. Kmbl. 1651; An. 817: 1723; An. 864. [We beoþ sæ-werie men. Laym. 4619.]
sǽwet, es; n. Sowing :-- Ofer ða tíd ðæs sǽwetes ultra tempus serendi, Bd. 4, 28, tit.; S. 605, 8.
sǽ-wícing, es; m. A viking :-- Randas bǽron sǽwícingas (the tribe of Reuben) ofer sealtne mersc, Cd. Th. 199, 3; Exod. 333.
sǽ-wiht, e; f. A sea-animal :-- Ðeós eorþe is Berende missenlícra fugela and sǽwihta this land is productive of divers fowls and sea-animals (the Latin has insula ... avium ferax terra marique diversi generis), Bd. 1, 1; S. 473, 15.
sǽ-wilm, es; m. A billow :-- Gé him syndon ofer sǽwylmas hider wilcuman, Beo. Th. 792; B. 393.
sǽ-wudu a ship :-- Hí sǽwudu sǽldon they fastened their ship to the shore, Beo. Th. 457; B. 228.
sǽ-ýþ, e; f. A wave of the sea :-- Sǽýþa vel holmas equomaria, Wrt. Voc. ii. 143, 74. Hí sǽýþa swíðe brégaþ. Runic pm. Kmbl. 343, 23; Rún. 21. [O. Sax. séo-úðia.]
safine, an; f. Savine; juniperus savina :-- Sauine. Genim ðás wyrte, ðe man sabinam, and óðrum naman wel ðam gelíc, sauinam háteþ, Lchdm. i. 190, 13 : iii. 16, 8: 58, 20. Safine, 22, 31. Lytel sauinan, 30, 15. Safinan dust, ii. 250, 27. Genim safinan, 100, 10: 294, 24: iii. 44, 5. Safenan, 46, 3 : ii. 312, 11. Sauinan, iii. 38, 26.
saftriende rheumatic :-- Saftriende reumaticus, Wrt. Voc. i. 45, 48. Cf. sæp.
ság (?) :-- Ic heáfod hæbbe and heáne steort, eágan and eáran and ǽnne foot, hrycg and heard nebb, hneccan steápne and sídan twá, ság on middum, eard ofer ældum. Exon. Th. 490, 3; Rä. 79, 5,
saga, an; m. A saw; -- Saga serula, Wrt. Voc. i. 16, 17: serra, 39, 67. v. sagu.
saga, an; m. A saying, story, statement :-- Ðín saga biþ geswutelod, gif ðú ðone sylfan encgel bitst, ðæt hé mínne sunu ansundne árǽre, Homl. Skt. i. 7, 193. v. sagu.
-sagol. v. leas-, sóþ-, unsóþ-, wǽr-sagol.
ságol (v. sowel fustis, Wrt. Voc. i. 94, 22, soþsawel veridicus, 90, 19), es; m. A staff, cudgel, club :-- Ságol oððe stæf fustis, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 28; Som. 11, 44: fustis, Wrt. Voc. i. 84, 28. Ða ságlas (vectes) sticiaþ inn on ðám hringum ða earce mid tó beranne . . . Ðæt is ðonne ðæt mon ða earce bere on ðǽm ságlum, Past. 22, 1; Swt. 171, 5-12. Hié Claudium mid ságlum of beótan, Ors. 2, 6; Swt. 88, 26. Hét ða cwelleras mid stearcum ságlum hine beóton, Homl. Th. i. 424, 32. Mid stíðum ságlum beátaþ, 432, 12: 468, 33. Hét his cwelleras ðone hálgan beátan mid heardum ságlum. Ðá bærst sum ságol intó ánes beáteres eágan, Homl. Skt. i. 4, 142. Mid swurdum and sáhlum cum gladiis et fustibus, Mt. Kmbl. 26, 47, 55. Hé stafas ɫ sáhlas ísenne tóbræc vectes ferreos confregit, Ps. Lamb. 106, 16. [Æk bær an honde ænne saʒel (staf, 2nd MS. ) stronge, Laym. 12280.]
sagu, e; f. A saw:-- Sage serram, Germ. 400, 531. Hé sceal habban æcse, adsan, sage, Anglia ix. 263, 2. [O. H. Ger. saga, sega; f. serra, lima : Icel. sög; f. a saw.] v. saga.
sagu, e; and indecl.? f. I. a saw, say (to say one's say), saying, statement, story, tale :-- Racu, sagu sermo. Hpt. Gl. 433, 12. Nis ðis nán gedwimor ne nán dwollíc sagu. Jud. Thw. p. 159, 27. Ic háte healdan hí óþ ðæt heora sagu áfandod sý. Homl. Th. ii. 484, 3. Teónan ðú wyrcst ús mid ðisse sage haec dicens nobis contumeliam facis, Lk. Skt. II, 45. Sagu dictu (cf. gesægene dictu, 28, 47), Wrt. Voc. ii. 140, 7. Hí sǽdon ðam kinge ðæt hé hæfde swýðe ágylt wið Crist. . . . Ðá læg se king and ásweartode eall mid ðare sage. Chart. Th. 340, 1. Gehýr ðú ðás race ná swilce leáse sagu ac geworden þing audi fabulam, non fabulam sed rem gestam, Ælfc. T. Grn. 16, 12. Geendebrednege ða sago þinga ordinary narrationem rerum, Mt. Kmbl. p. 7, 2, 9. Fabulae synd ða saga ðe menn secgaþ ongeán gecynde, Ælfc. Gr. 50, 29; Zup. 296, 5. Spellenga, sagena sermonum, Hpt. Gl. 505, 77. Ic ðínra bysna ne mæg, worda ne wísna wuht oncnáwan, síðes ne sagona, Cd. Th. 34, 9; Gen. 535. Sagum fabulis, Lk. Skt. p. 2, 10, 11. II. saying, narration, telling, report :-- Se hlísa ðe þurh yldra manna segene (sage, MS. B. ) tó ús becom opinio quae traditione majorum ad nos perlata est, Bd. 2, 1; S. 501, 2. III. statement of a witness, testimony :-- Tó hwí wilnige wé ǽnigre ððre sage quid adhuc egemus testibus, Mt. Kmbl. 26, 65. Ne gehýrst ðú hú fela sagena (quanta testimonia) hig ongén ðé secgeaþ, 27, 13. Hí sóhton leáse saga (falsum testimonium) ongén ðone Hǽlend, 26, 59. IV. a saying beforehand, foretelling :-- Of sage fatidicum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 147, 22. Saga presagia, 67, 46. Sagum praesagminibus, vaticinationibus, divina-tionibus, Hpt. Gl. 448, 64. [Ælc his saʒe sæide, Laym. 26345. Heo wenden þat his sawen (2nd MS. sawes) soðe weren, 749. A. R. saʒe, sawe, sahe: Chauc. Piers P. sawe: O. H. Ger. saga assertio, narratio, sermo, enuntiatio: Icel. saga story, tale.] v. on-, sóþ-sagu; saga.
sál, es; m. : e; f. (?) I. a rope, cord, line, bond :-- Licgaþ mé ymbe írenbendas, rídeþ racentan sál, Cd. Th. 24, 3; Gen. 378. Ðá wæs be mæste segl sále (cf. O. H. Ger. segil-seil rudens) fæst, Beo. Th. 3816; B. 1906. Sálum nexibus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 60, 74. II. a rein :-- Sálas [h] abenas, 4, 58 : 6, 22. Sálum ɫ gewealdleþerum habenis, 42, 60. III. the loop which forms the handle of a vessel (?) :-- Sál ansa (cf. hringe ansa, 284, 7, and see nostle. The word occurs under the heading nomina vasorum), Wrt. Voc. i. 25, 11. IV. the fastening of a door :-- Repagulum sál[-panra?], Wrt. Voc. i. 16, 3. Sále repagula, ii. 119, 4. V. a necklace, collar :-- Sweorcláþ vel [sweor]tég vel [sweor?]sál collarium, 134, 49. Sále collario, 18, 17. Saule callario (saale collario), 78, 71. [Soole, beestys teyynge ligaculum; restis a sole to tie beasts, Prompt. Parv. 463. Hi drayeþ myd such sol, Misc. 51, 162. O. H. Ger. seil; n. funis, rudens, lorum, habena, restis: Icel. seil; f. a line.]
sala, an; m. A sale :-- Ceáp distractio, sala venditio, Wrt. Voc. i. 55, 55. [O. H. Ger. sala; f. traditio: Icel. sala; f. a sale.]
salfige, an; f. Sage :-- Saluige salvia, Wrt. Voc. i. 79, 49. Salfige, Lchdm. iii. 22, 31, Saluie. Genim ðás wyrte ðe man saluian nemneþ. . . . Genim ðás ylcan wyrte salfian, i. 218, 6-11. Saluian sǽd, iii. 72, 7: ii. 358, 18. Nim saltian, iii. 48, 3. Wyl sealuian, 44, 17. [O. H. Ger. salbeia, salveia: Ger. salbei. From Latin.]
sallettan to play on the harp, sing to the harp, sing psalms :-- Singaþ him and salletaþ cantate ei el psallite ei, Ps. Th. 104, 2.
salness, e; f. Darkness, duskiness :-- Conticinium, ðæt ys swítíma oððe salnyssa tíma, Anglia viii. 319, 29. v. salu.
salor a hall, palace :-- Eów ðeós cwén laðaþ tó salore (cf. tó hofe, 1111; El. 557), Elen. Kmbl. 1100; El. 552 : 764; El. 382. v. sæl, sele.
salo, salowig, salpanra, salt, salt-haga. v. salu, saluwig, sál IV, sealt, sæltna.
saltere, es; m. I. a stringed musical instrument, a psaltery :-- Saltere sambucus, Wrt. Voc. i. 289, 26 : psalterium, Ps. Spl. 80, 2 : 107, 2. On saltere syngaþ him in psalterio psallite illi, 32, 2 : 91, 3 : 143, 11 : 150, 3. Cimbalan oððe psalteras oððe strengas ætrínan. Lchdm. iii. 202, 14. IIa. the book of Psalms :-- Se saltere ys án bóc, ðe hé (David) gesette þurh God betwux óðrum bócum on ðære bibliothecan, Ælfc. T. Grn. 7, 26. IIb. a psalter, a service-book containing the book of Psalms divided into certain portions for Matins, and the Hours, so as to be gone through in the course of the week :-- Hé (the mass-priest) sceal habban ða wǽpna tó ðam gástlícum weorce . . . ðæt synd ða hálgan béc, saltere and pistolbóc, godspellbóc and mæssebóc, L. Ælf. C. 21; Th. ii. 350, 12 : L. Ælfc. P. 44; Th. ii. 384, 1. ii. salteras and se þridda[n] saltere swá man singþ on Róme, Chart. Th. 430, 11. ¶ Saltere singan to sing psalms taken from the psalter :-- Hé gehát gehét. . . ðæt hé ǽghwylce dæge ealne saltere ásunge vovit votum quia quotidie psalterium totum decantaret, Bd. 3, 27; S. 599, 11. Hé ásong ǽlce dæge tuwa his saltere and his mæssan, Shrn. 134, 17. Singe eal geférrǽden ætgædere heora saltere ða þrý dagas. Wulfst. 181, 21. Æ-acute;lc bróður singe twegen salteras sealma . . . vi. mæssan oððe . vi. salteras sealma each brother shall sing two portions of psalms from the psalter. Chart. Th. 614, 7, 11. [O. H. Ger. saltari, psaltari psalterium; salzara sambucus: Icel. saltari a psalm-book.]
saltian; p. ode To dance :-- Gé ne saltudun (sealtedon, MS. A. ) non saltastis, Lk. Skt. 7, 32. [O. H. Ger. salzón. From Latin.]
salu; adj. Dusky, dark :-- Ic sylfa [eom] salo, Exon. Th. 489, 21; Rä. 48, 11. [O. H. Ger. salo fuscus, furnus, ater, niger: Icel. sölr yellow.] v. following words.
salu-brún; adj. Dark-brown :-- Hrefn sweart and sealobrún, Fins. Th. 70; Fin. 35.
salu-neb; adj. Dark-faced :-- Se wonna þegn, sweart and saloneb, Exon. Th. 433, 9; Rä. 50, 9.
salu-pád; adj. Dark-coated :-- Ða sind blace swíde, swearte, salopáde, Exon. Th. 439, i; Rä. 58, 3. Cf. saluwig-päd.
saluwig-feðera; adj. Of dusky plumage :-- [Hrefn] salwigfeðera, Cd. Th. 87, 13; Gen. 1448.
saluwig-pád i adj. Dark-coated, having dark plumage :-- Hrefn sal-wigpád, Exon. Th. 329, 20; Vy. 37. Earn salowigpáda, Judth. 24, 28; Jud. 211. Létan hrǽ bryttian saluwigpádan ðone sweartan hræfn, Chr. 937; Erl. 115, 10.
sál-wang, sal-warp, v. sǽl-wang, sealt-wearp.
salwian to make dark, to blacken :-- Heó (the dove) nolde ǽfre under salwed bord (in the ark, which was dark-coloured from the pitch that had been smeared over it) syððan ætýwan, Cd. Th. 89, 15; Gen. 1481. [Cf. O. H. Ger. gi-salwian decolorare; salwet obscuratum; salawi fuscatio. v. Grff. vi. 183.] v. salu.
sam; conj. Whether, or (cf. swá. . . swá= whether . . . or) :-- Sara hi þyrfon, sam hí ne þurfon, hí willaþ ðeáh. Bt. 26, 2; Fox 92, 29. Sam wé willan, sam wé nyllan, 34, 12; Fox 154, 7: 40, 1; Fox 234, 34. Hý gedóþ ðæt ǽgðer fætels biþ oferfroren sam hit sý sumor, sam winter, Ors. 1. 1; Swt. 21, 17. Sam hý fæsten sam hý ne fæsten omni tempore siue jejunii siue prandii, R. Ben. 66, 14. Sam hé hine miclum lufige, sam hé hine lytlum lufige, sam hé hine mydlinga lufige. Shrn. 194, 13. Wið wunda som hý sýn of íserne, som hý sýn of stence, oððe fram nædran, Lchdm. i. 166, 9. [Sam. . . sam whether. . . or, O. E. Homl. ii. 107, 8.]
sam- as a prefix denotes agreement, combination, v. sam-mǽle, -rád, -winnende, -wist. [T cel. sam-.]
sám- half-; the prefix denotes imperfection. Cf. sǽmra. [O. Sax. sám-: O. H. Ger. sámi-: Lat. semi-: Gk. GREEK .]
Samaringas, Samaritane, Samaritanisce; pl. The Samaritans :-- Innan Samaritana ceastre (in burgum ðæra Samaritanesca, Lind.; in cæstra Samaringa, Rush. ) in civitates Samaritanorum, Mt. Kmbl. 10, 5. Tó Samaritaniscum, Jn. Skt. Rush. Lind. 4, 9. v. next word.
Samaritanisc; adj. Samaritan, of Samaria :-- Ðá férde sum Samaritanisc man wið hine, Lk. Skt. 10, 33. Ðes wæs Samaritanisc, 17, 16: Jn. Skt. 8, 48. Ðá cwæþ ðæt Samaritanisce wíf. . . . 'Ic eom Samaritanisc wíf; ne brúcaþ Judéas and Samaritanisce metes ætgædere,' Jn. Skt. 4, 9. [O. H. Ger. Samaritanisc.]
sám-bærned; adj. Half-burnt :-- Sámbærnd semiustus, Hpt. Gl. 508, 56.
sám-boren; adj. Born out of due time :-- Sámboren abortus. Wrt. Voc. ii. 10, 6. Cf. ful-boren.
sám-bryce a violation only partially effected :-- Tó hádbðte, ðár sámbryce wurðe, béte man georne be ðam ðe seó dǽd sý, L. E. B. 9; Th. ii. 242, 9. The term is in contrast with ful-bryce in the preceding sections, v. sám-wyrcan.
sám-cwic, -cucu; adj. Half-dead :-- Sum mǽden hé gehǽlde, ðæt ðe læg on legerbedde seóc, sámcucu geþúht, Homl. Th. ii. 510, 25. Hé sámcucu læg, Homl. Skt. i. 6, 164: L. Ælfc. C. 31; Th. ii. 354, 10. Hé (Anthony) bebeád ðæt hiene mon on ða ilcan byrgenne tó hiere (Cleopatra) swá sómcucre álegde. Ors. 5, 13; Swt. 246, 31. Hí forléton hine sámcucene semiuiuo relicto, Lk. Skt. 10, 30. Sum móder bær hire sámcuce cild. Homl. Th. ii. 150, 16. [O. Sax. sám-quik: O. H. Ger. sámi-quek.]
same (always in combination with swá); adv. Similarly, in the same way. (l) Swá same :-- And eft Lǽdenware swá same wendon ealla on hiora ágen geþeóde and again the Romans in the same way translated all into their own language, Past. pref.; Swt. 6, 3. Ðeós wyrt is swýðe scearpnumul wunda tó gehǽlenne, swá ðæt ða wunda hrædlíce tógædere gáþ; and eác swá some hió gedéþ ðæt flǽsc tógædere clifaþ. Lchdm. i. 134, 12: Elen. Kmbl. 2553; El. 1278. Ðæt hié lufan Dryhtnes and sybbe swá same sylfra betweónum gelǽston, 2411; El. 1207: 2565; El. 1284. On Adame and on his eafrum swá some, Cd. Th. 25, 24; Gen. 399. Is ðæt fýr swá same on ðam wætre and on stánum eác. Met. 20, 150 : 24, 33. Deór efne swá some faraþ, Exon. Th. 358, 30; Pa. 53. (2) Swá same swá :-- Hú ne forealldodon ða gewritu swá some swá ða wríteras dydon, Bt. 18, 3; Fox 66, 1. Twá ðara gecyndu habbaþ nétenu swá same swá men, 33, 4; Fox 132, 5. Ðǽr wífmenn feohtaþ swá same swá wǽpnedmen. Ors. 2, 4; Swt. 76, 27. [O. Sax. só sama, só sama só: O. H. Ger. sama. só sama, só sama só.]
samen; adv. Together :-- Ginrnan tuoege somen (simul), Jn. Skt. Rush. 20, 4. Wérun somen Simon Petrus and Didimus, 21, 2, [Baþe samenn. Orm. 377; Sitte samen, R. Brun. Goth. samana: O. Sax. saman: O. Frs. samin, semin: O. L. Ger. samen, samon: O. H. Ger. saman simul: Icel. saman.]
sám-gréne; adj. Half-green, backward (of a plant) :-- Spelt sámgréne far serotina, Wrt. Voc. ii. 36, 41.
sám-hál; adj. Not in perfect health, weak :-- Nú ne beóþ náht fela manna ætsamne, ðæt heora sum ne sí seóc and sámhál, Wulfst. 273, 10. [O. H. Ger. sámi-hail debilis.]
sam-heort; adj. Of one heart, of the same disposition; concors :-- Singaþ samheorte sangas Dryhtne, Ps. Th. 149, 1.
sam-híwan; pl. Members of the same household or family :-- Samhíwna yrfebéc jus liberorum, Wrt. Voc. i. 20, 46. Somhíwena yrfebéc, ii. 49, 14.
sam-hwilc; pron. Some :-- Þeówne . lx. Somhwelcne fíftegum (mid fíftig, MSS. B. H. ) the 'wer' for the 'þeów' is 60 shillings. For one kind it is 50 (?), L. In. 23; Th. i. 118, 4. Swá hwæt swá ús God sylle máre ðonne wé néde brúcan sceolan . . ., ne sylþ hé hit ús tó ðon ðæt wé hit hýdon, oððe tó gylpe syllan samhwylcum mannum ðe náht swíðe God ne lufiaþ, Blickl. Homl. 53, 17. Cf. swá hwilc.
sám-lǽred; adj. Imperfectly taught :-- Wé lǽraþ ðæt ǽnig gelǽred preóst ne scænde ðone sámlǽredan, ac gebéte hine gif hé bet cunne, L. Edg. C. 12; Th. ii. 246, 19. Hieronimus ádwæscte ða dwollícan gesetnysse ðe sámlǽrede men sǽdon be hire forþsíðe. Homl. Th. ii. 438, 6. Barbarismus and solocismus bécumaþ of ðam sámlǽredum leáslíce geclypode oððe áwritene, Ælfc. Gr. 50, 22; Som. 51, 52.
sam-mǽle; adj. Agreed, come to an agreement :-- Gif hý ðonne ǽlces þinges sammǽle beón if they then be agreed in everything, L. Edm. B. 6; Th. i. 254, 19. Ðæt dóm stande ðár þegenas sammǽle beón, L. Eth. iii. 13; Th. i. 298, 3. Hér swutelaþ on ðisum gewrite hú Wulfríc and Ealdréd wǽron sammaele ymbe dæt land at Clife, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. ii. 300, 5. Dene and Engle wurdon sammǽle set Oxnaforda, Chr. 1018; Erl. 161, 16. [Cf. Icel. sam-mæli an agreement; sam-mælask á eitt to agree in a thing.] Cf. mǽlan, mǽl.
sám-milt, -melt; adj. Half-digested :-- Se geþigeda mete hefegaþ ðone magan, and hé ðone sámmeltan (the half-digested food) þurh ða wambe út sent, Lchdm. ii. 186, 22. v. miltan.
samnian; p. ode. I. v. trans. (l) to collect, assemble, bring together, gather :-- Ða swétestan somnaþ and gædraþ wyrta wynsume and wudubléda colligit succos et odores divite silva, Exon. Th. 211, 6; Ph. 193. Somnas his huǽte congregabit triticum suum, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 3, 12. Nát hwam hit gaderaþ ɫ somnaj ða, Ps. Spl. 38, 10. Hé ðyder folc samnode, Cd. Th. 230, 5; Dan. 228. Hié here samnodon, Andr. Kmbl. 2250; An. 1126. Wé somnadon ɫ geadredon ða colligimus ea, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 13, 28. Sommas (somnigas, Rush. ) ða ðe hiá gelǽfdon. Jn. Skt. Lind. 6, 12. Swylce man fyrde trymme and samnige. Blickl. Homl. 91, 32. Fyrde somnian, Chr. 1016; Erl. 154, 2. Folc somnigean. Cd. Th. 191, 19; Exod. 217. (2) to draw together, join, unite :-- Ðonne samnaþ hió ða wunde and hǽlþ, Lchdm. ii. 22, 11. (3) to get materials together for a poem to compose :-- Ic ðysne sang fand samnode wíde I was author of this poem, gathered its matter far and wide, Apstls. Kmbl. 4; Ap. 2. Ne wéne ðæs ǽnig ælda cynnes, ðæt ic lygewordum leóþ somnige (that I compose my lay of lying words), wríte wóðcræfte, Exon. Th. 234, 29; Ph. 547. II. intrans.(1) to collect, assemble, come together :-- Sellendum ðé him hí somniaþ dante te illis, colligent. Ps. Spl. 103, 29. Somnode conglobatur, Wrt. Voc. ii. 19, 34: 91, 20. Duguþ samnade. Andr. Kmbl. 250; An. 125. Mægen samnode, Elen. Kmbl. 110; El. 55: 120; El. 60. Hí gederedon ɫ somnodon tógeánes mé convenirent adversum me. Ps. Spl. 30, 17. (2) to draw together, join, unite :-- Ðá weóxon ða fýr swýðe and hí tógædere þeóddon and samnedon óþ ðæt ðe hí wǽron on ǽnne unmǽtne lége geánede and gesomnade crescentes vero ignes usque ad invicem sese extenderunt, atque in inmensam adunati sunt flammam, Bd. 3, 19; S. 548, 21. (3) to glean :-- Hé mid his sceáfe ne mæg sceát áfyllan ðeáh ðe hé samnige swíðe georne non implevit sinum suum qui manipulos colligit, Ps. Th. 128, 5. [Laym. somnien, sumnien : Orm. sammnenn: O. Sax. samnón : O. Frs. samena, somnia: O. H. Ger. samanón: Icel. samna.] v. ge-samnian.
samnung, e; f. An assembly, council :-- Somnung synagoga, Mk. Skt. Lind. Rush. 1, 23: Lk. Skt. Lind. Rush. 4, 15, 16 : concilium, Mk. Skt. Lind. Rush. 14, 55: Lind. 15, 1: Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 26, 59: congregatio, Rtl. 173, 3. v. ge-samnung.
samnunga, sæmninga, semninga; adv. All at once, on a sudden, suddenly, forthwith, immediately; continuo, subito, repente :-- And ðá hig ðæt sprǽcon samninga (samnunga, MSS. A. B. ) se hana creów et continuo athuc illo loquente cantauit gallus, Lk. Skt. 22, 60. Hí hine samnuncga (subito) scearpum strélum on scotiaþ. Ps. Th. 63, 4. Ðá ásceán samninga mycel leóht, Blickl. Homl. 145, 12. Somnunga, 239, 31. Hié sume somnunga sweltaþ, Lchdm. ii. 176, 9. Sæmninga, Blickl. Homl. 141, 27. Ðis is feáwra manna dǽd, ðæt hí ealle eorþlíce þing sæmninga forlǽtan mágon, Homl. Th. ii. 398, 33. Hí semninga sneóme forwurdon subito defecerunt et perierunt, Ps. Th. 72, 15 : Bd. 1, 7; S. 477, 1. Ðá ástód hé semninga exsurrexit repente, 2, 9; S. 511, 20. Ðá geseah hé semninga (subito) mon wið his gangan, 2, 12; S. 513, 34. Hit semninga (subito) on ús rǽsde, Nar. 15, 19, 11. Ðá cómon semninga twegen englas. Blickl. Homl. 221, 27: Exon. Th. 257, 5; Jul. 242: Beo. Th. 3284; B. 1640. Óþ dæt semninga sunu Healfdenes sécean wolde ǽfenreste, 1293; 6. 644. Hé (the whale) semninga on sealtne wǽg niþer gewíteþ. Exon. Th. 361, 29; Wal. 27. Ðá wæs semninga geworden mycel þunorrád, Blickl. Homl. 145, 28: Exon. Th. 31, 5; Cri. 491. Mec semninga slǽp ofergongeþ, 422, 22; Rä. 41, 10 : Andr. Kmbl. 927; An. 464: 1639; An. 821.
samnung-cwide, es; m. A collect :-- Somnungcwido collecta, Rtl. 2, 1.
samod; adv. Together. I. marking association in joint action :-- Ealle hí áhyldon samod onnitte gewordene sint omnes declinaverunt, simul inutiles facti sunt, Ps. Spl. 13, 4. Ða unrihtwísan forweorðaþ samod (simul), 36, 40. Cumaþ út samod Ilfing and Wisle (the two rivers have a common channel), Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 20, 10. Stód his handgeweorc (Adam and Eve) somod on sande, nyston sorga wiht tó begnornianne, Cd. Th. 16, 12; Gen. 242. Ne beóþ wé leng somed, 168, 20; Gen. 2785. Somod eardedon Meotudes bearn and se monnes sunu. Exon. Th. 8, 30; Cri. 125. Tó gebede feóllon sinhíwan somed, Cd. Th. 48, 19; Gen. 778. Samed síþian. Exon. Th. 434, 17; Rä. 52, 2. Ia. of mutual or reciprocal action :-- Hié fela sprǽcon sorhworda somed, Cd. Th. 49, 8; Gen. 789. Cf. samod-geflit. Ib. marking union or junction, v. samod-cumende. II. with numerals or with eall :-- Him wæs bám samod lond gecynde, Beo. Th. 4399; B. 2196. Ðendan bú somod, líc and sáwle, lifgan móte, Exon. Th. 81, 20; Cri. 1326. Þreó tácen somod, 76, 7; Cri. 1236. Seofon winter samod seven years in unbroken succession, Cd. Th. 256, 11; Dan. 639. Ic eów bidde ðæt gé mé secgan hwylce gemete gé cóman ealle samod tó mé, Blickl. Homl. 143, 20. Hé eal innan samod forswǽled wæs within he was one mass of inflammation, Homl. Th. i. 86, 5. III. marking association of similar objects or circumstances, with nearly the force of and, both . . . and, also, too :-- Somod jamque, Wrt. Voc. ii. 45, 31. Weras wíf samod men and women, Andr. Kmbl. 3330; An. 1668. Weras, heora wíf somed, Cd. Th. 146, 7; Gen. 2418. Hé ðone healsbeáh gesealde, þrió wicg somod, Beo. Th. 4355; B. 2174. Ðú geworhtest heofon and eorþan, sǽs sídne fæðm, samod ealle gesceaft, Elen. Kmbl. 1455; El. 729. Ongan his feax teran and his hrægl somod, Judth. Thw. 25, 28; Jud. 282. Somod for his hǽlo ðæs cyninges and ðære þeóde ðe hé fore wæs pro salute illius, simul et gentis cui praeerat, Bd. 2, 12; S. 512, 29. Niht somod and dæg, Cd. Th. 239, 25; Dan. 375. Swylce ic his willan wylle sécean, samed (also, likewise, at the same time) andettan . . ., Ps. Th. 110, 2. Ðú ðínra bearna bearn sceáwige; geseó samed gangan sibb ofer Israhél, 127, 7: Exon. Th. 69, 16; Cri. 1122. IV. in combination with ætgædere, mid :-- Sende mihtig God his milde gehigd and his sóðfæst mód samod ætgædere. Ps. Th. 56, 4: 88, 21. Ðǽr wæs sang and swég samod ætgedere, Beo. Th. 2131; B. 1063. Gáras stódon samod ætgædere, 662; B. 329. Ðú ðe samod mid mé swéte gripe metas qui simul mecum dulces capiebas cibos, 'Ps. Spl. 54, 15. Graton samod mid ðám cnihtum feóll tó Johannes fótum, Homl. Th. i. 62, 17. Cwom samod mid ðám swylce Assur etenim Assur simul venit cum illis, Ps. Th. 82. 7. Ða ðe someð mið hine ástigun quae simul cum eo ascenderant, Mk. Skt. Rush. 15, 41. Hé gesette ðone mónan fulne on eástdǽle mid scínendum steorrum samod, Lchdm. iii. 238, 28. IV a. with anlíce:--Hí me ymbsealdon samod anlíce swá beón circumdederunt me sicut apes, Ps. Th. 117, 12: 142, 4: 147, 5. Samod anlíce . . . swá swá sicut, 123, 6. Samod anlícast swá velut, 78, 2: ut, 91, 11: sicut, 127, 4. V. translating the prefix con- in Latin words:--Ic samod awende converto, Ælfc. Gr. 37; Som. 39, 14. Ic samod cume convenio, Som. 39, 5. Ic samod fealde complico, 24; Som. 25, 52. Ic samod fealle concido, 28; Som. 32, 62. Ic samod fleó confugio, Som. 32, 49. Ic samod wurpe conicio, Som. 32, 40. Somud mengaþ wé comminiscimur, Wrt. Voc. ii. 18, 7. Somod geþwǽrende concordantes, 24, 8. [Laym. A. R. somed: Goth. samath : O. Sax. samad, samod.] v. next word.
samod; prep, with dat. With, at :-- Samod ǽrdæge (with the coming of the dawn) eode æþele cempa self mid gesíðum, Beo. Th. 2627; B. 1311. Frófor eft gelamp sárigmódum somod ǽrdæge with day came comfort to the sadhearted, 5877; B. 2942. Cf. mid ǽrdæge.
samod-cumende flocking together :-- Samadcumendum folcum populis confluentibus, Hpt. Gl. 455, 71: 518, 45.
samode (?):--Tala . . . swylce ic nǽfre on eallum ðám fyrngewritum findan ne mihte sóðe samode [samnode (?) collected or (?) composed, v. samnian, I. 3. Or cf. (?) Icel. semja (kvǽði, bók) to compose (a poem, boot)], Salm. Kmbl. 17; Sal. 9.
samod-eard, es; m. A common country :-- Git (Guthlac and his sister) á mósten in ðam écan gefeán mid ða sibgedryht somudeard niman, Exon. Th. 184, 19; Gú. 1346.
samod-fæst; adj. Fast joined together :-- Sceal onettan, se ðe ágan wile líf æt Meotude, ðenden him leóht and gǽst somodfæst seón, Exon. Th. 96, 28; Cri. 1581.
samod-geflit, es; n. Strife, conflict :-- Somodgeflit concertatio, Wrt. Voc. ii. 24, 18.
samod-gesíþ, es; m. A companion, comrade :-- Samodgesíþ coheres, Germ. 400, 575.
samod-herung, e; f. A praising :-- Samodhering conlaudatio, Blickl. Gl.
[samodlíce; adv. Together, unitedly in a body :-- Iedon ealle samodlíe tó ðone kyng, Chr. 1123; Erl. 250, 10.]
samod-rynelas; pl. translates the technical term concurrentes:-- Ða concurrentes synt samodrynelas genemned, Anglia viii. 302, 10.
samod-swégende translates the Latin consonantes:--Ða óðre stafas syndon gehátene consonantes, ðæt is, samodswégende, forðan ðe hí swégaþ mid ðám fíf clypiendlícum, Ælfc. Gr. 2; Som. 2, 49.
samod-þyrlíc; adj. Concordant :-- Somodðyrlíce concordi, Wrt. Voc. ii. 22, 13. Cf. (?) ge-þweran.
samod-willung, e; f. A boiling together, condensing :-- Somodwellunge concretione. Wrt. Voc. ii. 23, 19.
samod-wunung, e, f. A living together :-- Him is tó forbeódenne ǽghwilc gemána . . ge ǽt, ge drinc, ge samodwunung on húsum, L. E. I. 26; Th. ii. 422, 31.
samod-wyrcende co-operating :-- Somodwyrcendum cooperante, Wrt. Voc. ii. 24, 76.
sam-rád; adj. Harmonious, united :-- Se cræftga geférscipas fæste gesamnaþ ðæt hí hiora freóndscipe forþ on symbel untweófealde treówa gehealdaþ sibbe samráde the mighty one unites societies firmly, so that for ever they continue to maintain their friendship, faith sincere, peace unbroken, Met. 11, 96. Cf. ge-rád.
sámran, Bt. 33, 1; Fox 120, 12. v. sǽmra.
sám-soden; adj. Half-cooked :-- Gif man áwiht blódiges þicge on healfsodenum (sámsodenum, MSS. X. Y.) mete si quis cruentum quid comederit in semicocto cibo, L. Ecg. C. 40; Th. ii. 166, 2.
sám-swǽled; adj. Half-burnt :-- Sámswǽlede semiustos, sámswǽled semiustus, Hpt. Gl. 508, 55-57.
sam-tinges (sæm-, sem-); adv. In close connection (as regards time), immediately, forthwith, continuo:--Meahtest ðé full recen on ðæm rodere upan siððan weorþan, and ðonne samtenges æt ðæm ælcealdan steorran, Met. 24, 18. Swá hraðe swá ðæt wolcn styrode, swá síðode samtinges eal seó fyrd after ðám wolcne, Homl. Th. ii. 196, 11. Ðá nolde hé hí sæmtinges ácwellan ac lét him fyrst he would not kill them immediately, but allowed them time, 424, 14. Ðá áwurpon ða hǽðenan sóna heora gedwyld, and tó heora Scyppende sæmtinges gebugon, 510, 3: 230, 18. Ðæt man hí ofslóge sæmtinges ealle, Anglia ix. 32, 165. Snáw cymþ of ðám þynnum wǽtan ðe byþ gefroren ǽr ðan hé tó dropum geurnen sý, and swá semtinges (sæm-, MS. P.) fylþ, Lchdm. iii. 278, 25. [Cf. Icel. sam-tengja to join, consent; sam-tenging a connection.] v. tengan, ge-tenge.
sam-winnende struggling together :-- Ða samwinnendan conluctantia, depugnantia, Wrt. Voc. ii. 134, 62. [Cf. Icel. sam-vinnandi working together.]
sám-wís; adj. Dull, foolish :-- Wénaþ sámwíse (cf. ða dysegan men, Bt. 32, 3; Fox 118, 22) ðæt hí on ðís lǽnan mǽgen lífe findan sóþa gesǽlþa. Met. 19, 34. Ða sámwísan (hebetes) sint tó manianne ðæt hié wilnien tó wiotonne ðæt ðæt hié nyton, Past. 30, l; Swt. 201, 7. Cf. med-wís.
sam-wist, e; f. A living together, cohabitation, matrimony :-- Samwist jugalitas, Hpt. Gl. 438, 63. Samwiste matrimonii, 481, 36: copulae, connubii, 485, 57: copulae, 508, 75. Samwiste contubernium, 511, 76. Ne ceara ðú (Hagar) fleáme dǽlan somwist incre, Cd. Th. 137, 27; Gen. 2280. Þeáh his líc and gǽst hyra somwiste, sinhíwan tú, gedǽled (-de?), Exon. Th. 160, 9; Gú. 941. Somwist, 172, 28; Gú. 1150. Samwista contubernia, Hpt. Gl. 416, 27: 520, 54. [O. H. Ger. samwist: Icel. sam-vist.]
sam-wrǽdness, e; f. Combination, union :-- Eall ðæt ðætte ánnesse hæfþ þæt wé secgaþ ðætte síe ða hwíle ðe hit ætsomne biþ and ða samwrǽdnesse wé hátaþ gód everything that has unity, that, we say, exists, while it maintains its unity, and the union of its parts we call good; omne, quod est, unum esse, ipsumque unum bonum esse didicisti,Bt. 37, 3; Fox 190, 23. Cf. wrǽd, wrǽd-mǽlum.
sám-wyrcan to do a thing incompletely :-- Gif hwá on fyrde griðbryce fulwyrce . . . Gif hé sámwyrce . . ., L. C. S. 62; Th. i. 408, 23. [Cf. sám-bryce.] Fæsten wæs sámworht the fort was not finished, Chr. 892; Erl. 88, 34. Stántorr (the tower of Babel) sámworht stód, Cd. Th. 102, 16; Gen. 1701.
sanct, es; m. A saint :-- Hé wæs on lífe eorþlíc cing, hé is nú æfter deáþe heofonlíc sanct, Chr. 979; Erl. 129, 10. Ða mynstermenn noldon ðone sanct underfón. Swt. A. S. Rdr. 100, 149. Hé gesóhte ðone sanct, Glostr. Frag. 6, 8: 8, 10. Ðǽr habbaþ englas eádigne dreám, sanctas singaþ. Cd. Th. 286, 20; Sat. 355: 279, 18; Sat. 240. Ðý ylcan dæge ealra wé healdaþ sancta symbel, Menol. Fox 367; Men. 200. The Latin forms sanctus, sancta (also sancte) are used before proper names :-- Sanctus Johannes, se mon Sancte Johannes, Sanctus Johannes líf, Blickl. Homl. 163. Sancta Maria, 5, 30. Sancta Marian (gen.), 165, 27.
sand, es; m. [? or should the passages that follow be put under sand; f.? cf. the later application of witness to a person] A messenger, envoy :-- Ðá wæs Lýfing ƀ mid ðám kincge . . . Ðá com Xp̃es cyrc̃ sand tó ðám ƀ and hé forð (fór ?) ðá tó ðám kincge bishop Lyfing was then with the king. . . Then came a messenger (or message? ) from Christchurch to the bishop, and he (the bishop) went then to the king, Chart. Th. 339, 26. Dæg byþ Drihtnes sond deóre mannum mǽre Metodes leóht day is the Lord's messenger (or message?) dear to men, God's glorious light, Runic pm. Kmbl. 344, 9; Rún. 24. On ðís ylcan geáre com ðæs Pápan sande (sand?) hider tó lande; ðæt wæs Waltear bisceop in the same year came the Pope's legate to this country; that was bishop Walter, Chr. 1095; Erl. 232, 28. [Here sandes feórden betwyx heom and hí togædere cómen and wurðe sæhte their envoys went between them, and they came together and were reconciled, 1135; Erl. 261, 20. Sonden commen betwenen ðe soðe word me seiden, Laym. 4651. Euericb wo is Godes sonde. Heie monnes messager, me schal heiliche underuongen, A. R. 190, 15. In alle our neoden sendeð þeos sonden (prayers) touward heouene, 246, 22.]
sand, e; f. I. a sending, mission, message :-- Paulus cwæð: 'Ðá ðá ðæra tída gefyllednys com, ðá sende God Fæder his sunu tó mancynnes álýsednysse.' Seó wurðfulle sand wearð on ðisum dæge gefylled, Homl. Th. i. 194, 17. Gregorius is rihtlíce Engliscre þeóde apostol, forðan ðe hé þurh his rǽd and sande ús fram deófles biggengum ætbrǽd, ii. 116, 28. Nú com ic tó eów þurh ðæs Almihtigan sande, 296, 20. Ðes ylca apostol becom þurh Godes sande tó Ethiopian, 472, 11. [Laym. sande, sonde a message; sondes mon a messenger: Orm. sanderr-man: sander-men, Chr. 1135; Erl. 249, 28: C. M. sandir-men: sander-bodes, O. E. Homl. ii. 89, 22: Prompt. Parv. sond or sendynge missio: sond or ʒyfte sent eccenium: O. H. Ger. -santa, santi- missio, Grff. vi. 239.] v. on-sand. II. a mess (from Latin mitto), a dish of food, victuals :-- Wista vel sand dapes vel fercula. Wrt. Voc. i. 26, 63. Sand daps, 82, 64: Ælfc. Gr. 9, 54; Som. 13, 20. Godes engel cwæð: 'Abacuc, bær ðone mete tó Babilone' . . . Ðá clypode se Abacuc: 'Ðú Godes þeówa, nim ðás lác ðe ðé God sende'. . . And hé ðá ðære sande breáe, Homl. Th. i. 572, 8. Ðá genemnode se hálga wer ðæt wíf ðe hí gelaðode, and ða sanda tealde ðe heó him gebær, ii. 168, 5. Sanda obsonia, Germ. 394, 297. Sandae, sondae commeatos, Txts. 46, 188. Sanda ferculorum, epularum, Hpt. Gl. 444, 57. [Of everilc sonde . . . most and best he gaf Benjamin, Gen. and Ex. 2295.] v. preceding word.
sand, es; n. I. sand, gravel :-- Sand glarea, glitis, vel samia, Wrt. Voc. i. 22, 8: arena, 37, 32. Sande sablo, ii. 89, 36. Hé behídde hyne on ðám sande (sabulo), Ex. 2, 12. Sume men secgen ðæt seó eá síe eást irnende on ðæt sond, and ðonne besince eft on ðæt sand, and ðǽr néh síe eft flówende up of ðám sande, Ors. 1. 1; Swt. 12, 20-23. Ða tódǽlaþ ðæt wæsmbǽre land and ðæt deádwylle sand ðe syððan líþ súþ on ðone gársecg qui dividit inter vivam terram et arenas jacentes usque ad oceanum, Swt. 26, 19. II. sand by the sea, sands, sea-shore :-- Sand sǽ arena maris, Ps. Spl. 77, 31. Sǽfaroþa sand. Cd. Th. 236, 18; Dan. 323. On sande on the shore of the Red Sea, 315, 5; Excd. 302. Nacan on sande, Beo. Th. 596; B. 295: 3796; B. 1896. Gewát him se hearda æfter sande sǽwong tredan, 3932; B. 1964. Ic wæs be sande sǽwealle neáh, Exon. Th. 471, 14; Rä. 61, 1. Swá swá hradu ýst windes scip tóbrycþ on ðám sandum neáh ðære byrig ðe Tarsit hátte, Ps. Th. 47, 6. [O. Sax. O. Frs. sand: O. H. Ger. sant arena, sabulum: Icel. sandr.] v. eolh-sand.
sand-beorh a sand-kill, sand-tank :-- Ondlong weges tó sondbeorge, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 402, 11. Sondbeorgum ymbseald, Exon. Th. 360, 23; Wal. 10. Se ðe wille fæst hús timbrian ne sceall hé hit nó settan up on ðone héhstan cnol and eft se ðe wille fæst hús timbrian ne sette hé hit on sondbeorhas quisquis volet perennem caucus ponere sedem, montis cacumen alti, bibulas vitet arenas, Bt. 12; Fox 36, 11. Sondbeorgas, Met. 7, 10.
sand-ceosol, es; m. Sand, gravel :-- Sandceosel arena, Wrt. Voc. i. 80, 64. Sandcesel, 54, 32. Sandceosol on sǽ arenam in litore maris, Gen. 22, 17. Sandceosol on sǽstrande, Jos. 11, 4. Sandceosol on sǽlícum strande, Homl. Th. ii. 62, 9. Sandcysel, Wulfst. 198, 22. Hé getimbrode hys hús ofer sandceosel supra arenam, Mt. Kmbl. 7, 26. Hí beóþ gemenigfylde ofer ðære sǽ sandceosol they shall be multiplied above the sand of the sea, Homl. Th. ii. 524, 21. [Cf. Ger. kiesel-sand gravel.]
sand-corn a grain of sand :-- Gif míne synna and mín yrmþ wǽron áwegene on ánre wǽgan, ðonne wǽron hí swǽrran gesewene ðonne sandcorn on sǽ, Homl. Th. ii. 454, 24. Swá fela welena swá ðara sondcorna beóþ be ðisum sǽclifum quantas pontus versat arenas, Bt. 7, 4; Fox 22, 27. Hí beóþ ofer sandcorn manige super arenam multiplicabuntur, Ps. Th. 138, 16. [Icel. sand-korn.]
sand-geweorp, es; n. A sand-bank, quicksand :-- Sandgewurp syrtis, Wrt. Voc. i. 63, 72. On sandgeweorp in sirtim, ii. 45, 66. [Cf. O. H. Ger. sant-wurfi syrtis.] v. next word and sand-hrycg.
sand-gewyrpe, es; n. A sand-heap :-- Tó sandgewyrpe, of sandgewyrpe út an Temese, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. vi. 228, 25.
sand-grot a grain of sand :-- Geríman sǽs sondgrotu, Exon. Th. 466, 6; Hö. 117.
sand-hliþ a sand-hill by the sea :-- Gewát him ofer sandhleoþu tó sǽs faruþe, Andr. Kmbl. 471; An. 236.
sand-hof a house in the sand, the grave :-- Líc orsáwle sceal in sondhofe wunian, Exon. Th. 173, 31; Gú. 1169.
sand-hrycg a sand-bank :-- Ðes sandhrycg haec syrtis, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 78; Som. 14, 34.
sand-hyll a sand-hill :-- Sondhyllas alga (cf. waar alga, 99, 69, wára sablonum, strand sablo, Hpt. Gl. 502, 76), Wrt. Voc. ii. 99, 73.
sandig; adj. Sandy :-- Sandig arenosa, sandegum arenosis, Hpt. Gl. 502, 73, 75. Sandigum, 449, 25. Ðeós wyrt wihst on sandigum landum, Lchdm. i. 94, 7: 100, 16.
sandiht; adj. Sandy, dusty :-- Hiora gemitting wæs on sondihtre dúne, ðæt hié for duste ne mehton geseón, hú hí hí behealdan sceolden, Ors. 5, 7; Swt. 230, 15. Of ðam stáne on ðone sandihtan hærepoþ, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 453, 22.
sand-land the sea-shore :-- Se hærnflota (the ship) æfter sundplegan sondlond gespearn, grond wið greóte, Exon. 182, 11; Gú. 1308.
sand-rid a quick-sand :-- Sandrid syrtes, Wrt. Voc. i. 57, 19. v. rid, and cf. sand-geweorp.
sand-seáþ a sand-pit :-- Ofer ðene hǽþ inn on ðam sandseáþe; of ðam sandseáþe, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 384, 26. Of ðære ǽc on ða sandseáþas, 80, 2: 169, 4.
sang, es; m. I. song, singing, (a) of human or angelic beings :-- Sárlíc sang trenos (GREEK), Wrt. Voc. i. 28, 18. Twegra sang bicinium, 25. Ungeswége sang diaphonia, 34. Geþwǽre sang armonia, 39. Ánswege sang simphonia, 40. Wuldres weard wordum herigaþ þegnas ... þǽr is sang æt selde, Cd. Th. 306, 12; Sat. 663. Dǽr wæs sang and swég samod ætgædere ... gomenwudu gréted, gid oft wrecen, Beo. Th. 2130; B. 1063: 180; B. 90. Ðǽr wæs singal sang and swegles gong, wlitig weoroda heáp, Andr. Kmbl. 1737; An. 871. Ðǽr is engla song, eádigra blis, Exon. Th. 100, 31; Cri. 1650. Magister cyriclíces sanges magister ecclesiasticae cantionis, Bd. 2, 20; S. 522, 27. Songes magister cantandi magister, 4, 2; S. 565, 38. Ðá hé ðá ðis leóþ ásungen hæfde, ðá forlét hé ðone sang, Bt. 24, 1; Fox 80, 5. Ðǽr (in heaven) wé hálgan Gode sang ymb seld secgan sceoldon, Cd. Th. 279, 9; Sat. 235. Gesǽton sigerófe sang áhófon lifted up their voices in song, Elen. Kmbl. 1733; Kl. 868. (b) of birds or animals :-- Winsum sanc (of birds), Met. 13, 50. Fugla cynn songe lofiaþ módigne, Exon. Th. 221, 20; Ph. 337. Mǽwes song, 406, 25; Rä. 25, 6. Earn sang áhóf, Elen. Kmbl. 58; El. 39. Wulf sang áhóf, 224; El. 112. (c) of sound caused by inanimate things; v. býme-sangere, sang-cræft, singan :-- Ealle hearpan strengas se hearpere grét mid ánre honda, ðý hé wile ðæt hí ánne song singen, ðeáh hé hié ungelíce styrige idcirco chordae consonam modulationem reddunt; quia uno quidem plectro, sed non uno impulsu feriuntur, Past. 23; Swt. 175, 9. II. a singing, chanting :-- Se biscop and se mæssepreóst sceolan mæssan gesingan ... and ða ðe on heofenum syndon, hí þingiaþ for ða ðe ðyssum sange fylgeaþ, Blickl. Homl. 45, 36. III. song, poetry, v. sang-cræft. IV. a song, a poem to be sung or recited :-- Se hálga song gehýred wæs, Exon. Th. 181, 23; Gú. 1297. Ðá hæfde hé mé gebunden mid ðære wynnsumnesse his sanges me carminis mulcedo defixerat, Bt. 22, 1; Fox 76, 6. Mé Gúðhere forgeaf máþþum songes tó leáne, Exon. Th. 322, 22; Víd. 67. Galan sigeleásne sang, Beo. Th. 1578; B. 787. Ðonne hé gyd wrece, sárigne sang, 4885; B. 2447. Ic ðysne sang (the poem which follows) fand, Apstls. Kmbl. 1; Ap. 1. Word sanga verba cantionum, Ps. Spl. 136, 3. Singaþ ús ymnum ealdra sanga ðe gé on Sione sungan hymnum cantate nobis de canticis Sion, Ps. Th. 136, 4. Sangum carminibus, Hpt. Gl. 519, 50. Singaþ sangas Drihtne and him neówne sang singaþ cantate Domino canticum novum, Ps. Th. 149, 1: 95, 1. [Goth. saggws: O. Sax. sang: O. Frs. song: O. H. Ger. sang: Icel. söngr. v. ǽfen-, brýd-, byrig-, cyric-, dæg-, dægréd-, foranniht-, galdor-, heáf-, hearp-, líc-, lof-, mæsse-, middæg-, niht-, nón-, offrung-, prím-, sealm-, tíd-, úht-, undern-, wóþ-, yfel-sang.
sang, song a bed :-- Song ɫ bedd stratum, Mk. Skt. Lind. 14, 15: Lk. Skt. Lind. 22, 12. [Icel. sæing, sæng: Dan. sæng: Swed. säng a bed.]
sang-bóc; f. I. a music-book, a book with the notes marked for singing :-- Nota ðæt is mearcung. Ðæra mearcunga sind manega and mislíce gesceapene, ǽgðer ge on sangbócum ge on leóþcræfte, Ælfc. Gr. 50, 15; Som. 51, 20. II. one of the service books, containing 'besides the canticles, the hymns which were used in the Anglo-Saxon churches.' v. Maskell's Monumenta Ritualia, i. cii :-- Ðæt synd ða hálgan béc ... sangbóc ..., L. Ælfc. C. 21; Th. ii. 350, 13. Mæssepreóst sceal habban ... sang-bóc ..., L. Ælfc. P. 44; Th. ii. 384, 1. Nú sindon ðǽr (in the church at Exeter) ii. fulle sangbéc. Chart. Th. 430, 8. [Icel. söng-bók.]
sang-cræft, es; m. I. the art of singing, music (vocal or instrumental) :-- Sangcræft musica (in a list of the arts), Hpt. Gl. 479, 46. Wæs hé swýðest on cyricean sangcræft getýd Rómánisce þeáwe maxime modulandi in ecclesia more Romanorum peritum, Bd. 4, 2; S. 566, 19. On sangcræft gelǽred cantandi sonos edoctus, 5, 20; S. 646, 6. I a. an art of singing :-- Biþ ðæs hleóþres swég (the voice of the Phenix when singing) eallum songcræftum swétra and wlitigra, and wynsumra wrenca gehwylcum, Exon. Th. 206, 25; Ph. 132. II. the art of composing poetry :-- Hé (Cædmon) þurh Godes gife ðone sangcræft onféng gratis canendi donum accepit, Bd. 4, 24; S. 596, 41.
sangere, es; m. I. a singer :-- Sangere cantor, Wrt. Voc. i. 28, 17: 72, 6. Ídel sangere temelici (GREEK a musician, singer), 39, 40. Wé witan ðæt þurh Godes gyfe ceorl wearþ tó eorle, sangere tó sacerde, and bócere tó biscope, L. Eth. vii. 11; Th. i. 334, 8. Bútan Jacobe ðam sangere, Bd. 4, 2; S. 565, 37. Se bisceop ðǽr gesette góde sangeras and mæssepreóstas and manigfealdlíce circicean þegnas, Blickl. Homl. 207, 31. II. a poet :-- David wæs sangere sóðfæstest, swiðe geþancol tó þingienne þeódum sínum wid ðane Sceppend, Ps. C. 50, 6. [Alse þe holi songere seið on his loft songe, O. E. Homl. ii. 117, 22. O. H. Ger. sangari cantor, psalmista: Icel. söngvari.] v. býme-, cyric-sangere.
sangestre, an; f. A female singer, songstress :-- Sangestre (-ystre) cantrix, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 64; Som. 13, 63. Sangystre, Wrt. Voc. i. 72, 5.
sang-pípe, an; f. A musical pipe :-- Sangpípe camena, Germ. 389, 26.
sáp, e; f. (?) Amber, resin, pomade :-- Sáp, smelting (cf. smulting electrum, 94, 61) succinum vel electrum, Wrt. Voc. i. 38, 31. Reádre deáge (in margin, sápe) rubro stibio (the word occurs in a passage treating of dressing the hair, cf. the passage in Pliny describing the use and invention of 'sapo:' Gallorum hoc inventum rutilandis capillis; fit ex sebo et cinere optimus fagino et caprino, duobus modis, spissus ac liquidus: uterque apud Germanos majore in usu viris quam feminis), Hpt. Gl. 435, 17. v. sápe and next word.
sáp-box a box for resin :-- Man sceal habban leóhtfæt, blácern, cyllan, sápbox, Anglia ix. 264, 22.
sápe, an; f. Soap, salve (? v. sáp) :-- Sápe sapo (sopo, MS.), Wrt. Voc. i. 86, 12: lumentum, ii. 54, 4. Hé biþ ðonne áþwogen fram his synnum þurh ða untrumnysse, swá swá horig hrægl þurh sápan, Homl. Th. i. 472, 6. [Monie of þas wimmen smurieð heom mid blanchet, þet is þes deofles sápe (unguent?), O. E. Homl. i. 53, 24. Þe wreche peoddare more noise he makeð to ʒeien his sope, þen a riche mercer al his deorewurðe ware, A. R. 66, 18. O. H. Ger. seifa sabona, smigma; also resina.] v. ár-, pill-sápe.
sár, es; n. I. referring to the body, (1) pain, suffering, soreness :-- Mé sár gehrán, wærc in gewód, Exon. Th. 163, 28; Gú. 1000. Sár gewód ymb ðæs beornes breóst, Andr. Kmbl. 2494; An. 1245. Mid sáre geswenced, mid mislícum ecum and tyddernessum, Blickl. Homl. 59, 7. On sáre his líchoma sceal hér wunian, 61, 1. Hǽlu bútan sáre, Exon. Th. 101, 8; Cri. 1655. Ða ðe on sáre seóce lágun, 83, 14; Cri. 1356. Hé sár ne wiste he did not feel pain, Cd. Th. 12, 3; Gen. 179. (2) a pain, pang, sore, wound :-- Nis ðǽr ǽnig sár geméted, ne ádl, ne ece, Blickl. Homl. 25, 30. Hé byð ðæs sáres hál, Lchdm. i. 352, 2. Wið eágena, eárena, sídan, wambe, &c. sáre, i. 2, sqq. On his módor sáre hé biþ ácenned, Blickl. Homl. 57, 35. Ðýlæs hwelc ðara niéhstena ðæs ofslægenan for ðæm sáre (the mortal wound caused by the slipping of an axe) hine ofsleá, Past. 21; Swt. 167, 3. Mugcwyrt ðæt sár ðara fóta of genimþ, Lchdm. i. 102, 16. Gif sió wamb biþ windes full, ðonne cymþ ðæt of wlacre wǽtan; sió cealde wǽte wyrcþ sár an . . . ðonne déþ ðæt ðæt sár áweg, Lchdm. ii. 224, 24. Nǽfre ðú þæs suíðlíc sár gegearwast heardra wíta, ðæt ðú mec onwende worda ðissa, Exon. Th. 246, 2; Jul. 55. Ðú ðæt sár (stripes and blows) áber, Andr. Kmbl. 1912; An. 958. Ðæt gé him sára gehwylc gehǽlde that you should heal every wound for him, Exon. Th. 144, 11; Gú. 676. Leomu hefegodon sárum gesóhte his limbs waxed heavy, visited by pains, 159, 21; Gú. 930. Ádle gebysgad, sárum geswenced, 170, 11; Gú. 1110. Ðá wæs heó eft hefigod mid ðǽm ǽrran sárum prioribus adgravata doloribus, Bd. 4, 19; S. 589, 5. Se Hǽlend his þegnum sǽde ða sár ðe hé ádreógan wolde, Blickl. Homl. 15, 33. Hié ealle líchomlícu sár oforhogodan, 119, 20. II. of the mind, (1) grief, pain, trouble, sorrow :-- Ne biþ ðǽr sár ne gewinn, ne nǽnig unéþnes, Blickl. Homl. 103, 35. Wépende sár, Exon. Th. 79, 14; Cri. 1290. Is sáwl mín sáres and yfeles gefylled repleta est malis anima mea, Ps. Th. 87, 3. Tó tácnunge sorges and ánfealdes sáres, Bt. 7, 2; Fox 18, 21. Hí hí forlǽtaþ on ðam mǽstan sáre, 7, 1; Fox 16, 13. Hé heora helpend wæs on heora sáre, Bd. 3, 9; S. 533, 26. (2) a grief, sorrow, pain, wound :-- Hit wæs swá gewunelíc on ealdum dagum, ðæt gif hwam sum fǽrlíc sár (affliction) becóme, ðæt hé his reáf tótǽre, Homl. Th. ii. 454, 14. Ðeáh him mon hwæt wiðerweardes doo, oððe hé hwelce scande gehiére be him selfum, hé æt ðæm cierre ne biþ onstyred . . . ac æfter lytlum fæce hé biþ onǽled mid ðý fýre ðæs sáres, Past. 33; Swt. 225, 20. Ðá ðæt mód ðillíc sár cweþende wæs, Bt. 5, 1; Fox 8, 24. Lufu him sára gehwylc symle forswíðede, Exon. Th. 160, 4; Gú. 938: 176, 31; Gú. 1218. Æfter ðære menigeo mínra sára ðe mé on ferhþe gestódan secundum multitudinem dolorum meorum in corde meo, Ps. Th. 93, 18. Ða angunnenan sár conceptos dolores, Wrt. Voc. ii. 136, 12. [Goth. sair: O. Sax. O. L. Ger. O. Frs. O. H. Ger. sér dolor, supplicium, amaritudo, ulcus: Icel. sár a sore; a wound.] v. líc-sár, and next word.
sár; adj. Sore, painful, grievous, distressing, (1) of physical pain:--Se lǽca ðe sceal sáre (yfela, MS. Y.) wunda wel gehǽlan, hé mót habban góde sealfe ðǽrtó, L. Pen. 4; Th. ii. 278, 15. Ne wæs hyra ǽnigum síðe ðý sárra, ðeáh hý swá sceoldan reáfe birofene slítan haswe bléde, Exon. Th. 394, 20; Rä. 14, 6. Wé wieton ðæt sió diégle wund biþ sárre ðonne sió opene, Past. 38; Swt. 273, 22. (2) of mental pain:--Ðá hé ðæs mannes deáþ swá earmlícne gehýrde ðá wæs him ðæt swíðe sár when he heard the man's death was so miserable, it was very grievous to him, Blickl. Homl. 219, 14. Ne wæs hyre bróðra deáþ on sefan swá sár, Exon. 377, 25; Deór. 9. Ðæt ðam hálgan wæs sár on móde, Cd. Th. 96, 11; Gen. 1593: 27, 30; Gen. 425. Ðæt wæs Satane sár tó geþolienne, Andr. Kmbl. 3375; An. 1691. Ðonne hí sáres hwæt siófian scioldon (cf. ðonne hí sceoldan heora sár siófian, Bt. 38, 1; Fox 194, 35), Met. 26, 82. Bídan sáran sorge, Cd. Th. 266, 26; Sat. 28. Forlǽt sáre sorgceare, Exon. Th. 13, 27; Cri. 209. Hearm, sáre swyltcwale, Andr. Kmbl. 2735; An. 1370. Morþra, sárra sorga, Judth. Thw. 24, 10; Jud. 182: Rood Kmbl. 157; Kr. 80. Manaþ sárum wordum prompts with words that wound, Beo. Th. 4122; B. 2058. Ealle ða sáran edwíta ðe hé ádreág, Blickl. Homl. 97, 15. Uncúðne eard cunnian, sáre síþas to make trial of a land unknown, of travails sore, Exon. Th. 87, 2; Cri. 1419. Cwæð ðæt him wǽre weorce on móde, sorga sárost, Cd. Th. 122, 19; Gen. 2029. [O. Sax. O. L. Ger. O. Frs. O. H. Ger. sér tristis: Icel. sárr sore; wounded.] v. un-sár.
Saracene, Sarocine, Sarcine; pl. Saracens :-- Sarracene Sarasene, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 12, 5. Wǽron ðǽr Sarocine gesamnode ðæt hig sǽtnodan manna, Shrn. 37, 34. Wit urnon for Sarcina hergunge, 42, 9. Se hefegosta wól Sarcina þeóde Gallia ríce forhergedon gravissima Sarracenorum lues Gallias vastabat, Bd. 5, 23; S. 645, 31. On India Saraccua in India Saracenorum, Rtl. 196, 35. [Cf. Icel. Serkir: O. H. Ger. Sarci, Serzi Arabes.]
Saracenisc; adj. Saracen :-- Hé gegaderode of ðám Saraceniscum swíðe micele fyrde, Jud. Thw. p. 162, 25. [Cf. Icel. Serkneskr: O. H. Ger. Sarcisc, Sarzisc Arabicus.]
Saracen-, Sarcin-ware; pl. The Saracens :-- Ðá hergodon ða hǽþnan Sarcinware on þa stówe (Sardinia), Shrn. 122, 25.
sár-benn, e; f. A painful wound :-- Wæs ðæs hálgan líc sárbennum soden, swáte bestémed, bánhús ábrocen, blód ýþum weóll, Andr. Kmbl. 2479; An. 1241. Sárbennum gesóht, Exon. Th. 163, 11; Gú. 992.
sár-bót, e; f. Condensation paid for inflicting a wound, L. W. I.; Th. i. 470, 21. [Icel. sár-bætr; pl.]
Sarcine, Sarcin-ware. v. Saracene, Saracen-ware.
sár-cláþ, es; m. A bandage for a wound :-- Sárcláþ ligatura, Wrt. Voc. i. 20, 18: ii. 53, 77: fasciola, i. 40, 62: ii. 39, 75.
sárcren(?) disposed to soreness :-- On ðám monnum ðe habbaþ swíðe gefélne and sárcrenne magan a very sensitive stomach and one easily made sore, Lchdm. ii. 176, 9.
sár-cwide, es; m. I. a speech that is intended to give pain, injurious or affronting speech, reproach, bitter words :-- Ne gedafenaþ ðé ðæt ðú andsware mid oferhygdum séce sárcwide it befits thee not to seek an answer with arrogance and bitter words, Andr. Kmbl. 693; An. 320. Synnige ne mihton þurh sárcwide sóð gecýðan, 1929; An. 967. Ðú ús ásettest on sárcwide úrum neáhmannum posuisti nos in contradictionem vicinis nostris, Ps. Th. 79, 6. Hé ðæt eal þolaþ, sárcwide secga, Exon. Th. 458, 2; Hy. 4, 94, Ic worn for ðé hæbbe sídra sorga and sárcwida, hearmes gehýred, and mé hosp sprecaþ, tornworda fela, 11, 14; Cri. 170. II. a speech in which grief is expressed, a lament :-- Ic nyste ǽr ðú ðé self hit mé gerehtest mid ðínum sárcwidum I did not know until you yourself told it me with your lamentations, Bt. 5, 1; Fox 8, 34. Nú sceal ic siófigende wreccea giómor singan sárcwidas flebilis moestos cogor inire modos, Met. 2, 4.
Sardinie; pl. The Sardinians, the people or the island of Sardinia :-- Hú Sardinie wunnon on Rómáne, Ors. 4, 7, tit.; Swt. 4, 16. On Sicilium and on Sardinium ðǽm íglondum, 4, 7; Swt. 164, 23.
sáre; adv. Sorely, grievously, bitterly :-- Wǽron earme men sáre beswicene (sorely deceived) and hreówlíce besyrwde, Wulfst. 158, 11 note. Hrinon hearmtánas hearde and sáre drihta bearnum, Cd. Th. 61, 5; Gen. 992. Mé ðæt cynn hafaþ sáre ábolgen that race hath angered me sore, 76, 14; Gen. 1257. Forgrípan gumcynne grimme and sáre heardum mihtum, 77, 15; Gen. 1275. Sum sáre angeald ǽfenreste one paid a heavy price for his night's rest, Beo. Th. 2507; B. 1251. Hé cenþ unriht and hit cymþ him sáre it shall trouble him sorely, Ps. Th. 7, 14. Hí sáre sprecaþ they speak bitterly, 63, 4. Wé sittaþ and sáre wépaþ (cf. Icel. gráta sáran: Scot. to greet sair), 136, 1. Wæs se hálga wer sáre geswungen, Andr. Kmbl. 2791; An. 1398. [O. Frs. sére: O. Sax. O. H. Ger. séro dolenter: Ger. sehr.] v. emn-sáre.
sárettan; p. te To lament, complain :-- Hé sárette ðætte ða synfullan sceoldan bytlan onuppan his hrycge supra dorsum suum fabricasse peccatores queritur, Past. 21, 2; Swt. 153, 9. Ðæt ilce sárette se wítga contra hos propheta conqueritur, 37, 2; Swt. 267, 2. [O. H. Ger. sérazzan dolere.]
sár-ferhþ; adj. Sore at heart, wounded in spirit :-- Ðæt wíf (Sarah complaining to Abraham about Hagar) módes sorge, sárferhþ sægde: 'Ne fremest ðú riht wið mé,' Cd. Th. 135, 17; Gen. 2244. Cf. sárig-ferhþ.
sárga, an; m. Some kind of trumpet :-- Trúðhorn oððe sárga lituus, Wrt. Voc. i. 73, 67. Sárgana salpicum, tubarum, Hpt. Gl. 445, 11.
sárgian; p. ode. I. to make sad (sárig), to grieve (trans.), afflict, wound :-- Hí sárgiaþ fremdne flǽschoman, Salm. Kmbl. 220; Sal. 109. II. to be or become sad, to grieve (intrans.), languish :-- Hé sárgaþ ðæs he is grieved at it, Past. 33; Swt. 227, 21. Se bisceop hefiglíce sárgode be ðam fylle and mínre forwyrde episcopus gravissime de casu et interitu meo dolebat, Bd. 5, 6; S. 619, 32. Eágan míne sárgodon oculi mei languerunt, Ps. Spl. 87, 9. Ðá ongan hé forhtian and sárgian et coepit pauere et taedere, Mk. Skt. 14, 33. Sárgiende ɫ sorhful dolens, Ps. Lamb. 68, 30. Sárgiendne fréfrian dolentem cqnsolari, R. Ben. 17, 3 MS. O. [O. H. Ger. seragón to sadden, pain, wound.] v. be-, ge-sárgian.
sárgung, e; f. Lamentation, grief :-- Ðǽr is sorgung and sárgung and á singal heóf, Wulfst. 114, 5. Beó ðú forþloten tó sárgungum esto pronus ad lamenta, Scint. 6. v. be-sárgung.
sárian; p. ode. I. to feel pain for, feel sorry for :-- Heó is má tó sárianne magis dolendum, Bd. 1, 27; S. 496, 40. II. to be sore (v. sár; adj.), (1) of physical pain:--Hé (the disease) wundaþ and sió wund sáraþ the wound gets painful, Past. 11; Swt. 71, 20. Ða liran ðara lendena sáriaþ, Lchdm. ii. 216, 24. (2) of mental pain, to grieve, be sad :-- Ic sárige on mínum wítum I grow sad in my punishments, Nar. 43, 7. Wé sáriaþ ealle, forðon þe wé seóþ ðínne líchaman beón cwylmed, 42, 2. Ðín fæder and ic sárigende (dolentes) ðé sóhton, Lk. Skt. 2, 48. Sáriendne (sáriende, MS. T.) fréfrian, R. Ben. 17, 3. [O. Sax. gi-sérid afflicted: O. Frs. sérd: O. H. Ger. séren, sérón vulnerare, dolere.]
sárig; adj. I. feeling grief, sorry, sorrowful, sad :-- Ðá wæs Petrus sárig contristatus est Petrus, Jn. Skt. 21, 17: Homl. Th. ii. 248, 11. Ic mé sylfa eam sárig þearfa pauper et dolens ego sum, Ps. Th. 68, 30. Ðá sceolde se hearpere weorþan swá sárig ðæt hé ne mihte on gemong óðrum monnum beón the harper (Orpheus) is said to have become so afflicted with grief, that he could not live among other men, Bt. 35, 6; Fox 168, 6. Se is swíðe sárig for ðínum earfoþum and for ðínum wræcsíþe, 10; Fox 28, 18. Ðæs ðe hé swá geómor wearð, sárig for his synnum, Exon. Th. 450, 15; Dóm. 88. Hé wearð swíðe sári graviter accepit, Gen. 48, 17. Ne forseoh sáriges béne, Ps. Th. 54, 1. On salig wé sárige úre organan áhéngan, 136, 2. Ðá wurdon hiora wíf swá sárige on hiora móde, and swá swíðlíce gedréfed, Ors. 1, 10; Swt. 44, 29. Hig wæron sárie (dolentes) for hira geswince, Num. 11, 1. Monge ðe hine sárge gesóhtun, freórigmóde, Exon. Th. 155, 12; Gú. 859. Sóhton sárigu tú (the two women at the sepulchre) sigebearn Godes, 460, 2; Hö. 11. Sárge gé ne sóhton, ne him swǽslíc word frófre gesprǽcon, 92, 19; Cri. 1511. II. expressing grief, mournful, sad, bitter :-- Hé ðá wépende wéregum teárum his sigedryhten sárgan reorde grétte, Andr. Kmbl. 120; An. 60. Ðonne hé wrece sárigne sang, Beo. Th. 4885; B. 2447. Sárige teáras, Ps. Th. 55, 7. [O. Sax. O. H. Ger. sérag dolens, amarus.] v. efen- (em-) sárig.
sárig-ferhþ; adj. Sad in soul :-- Geseóþ sorga mǽste synfá men sárigferþe, Exon. Th. 67, 4; Cri. 1083. Cf. sár-ferhþ.
sárig-mód; adj. Sad-hearted, of mournful mood :-- Ðonne féhþ seó weáláf sorhful and sárigmód geómrigendum móde synne bemǽnan, Wulfst. 133, 13. Geneósige ða ðe beóþ sárigmóde and seóce, L. Pen: 16; Th. ii. 282, 28. Frófor eft gelamp sárigmódum, Beo. Th. 5876; B. 2942. [Þa wes he sarimod and sorhful an heorten, Laym. 29791. Sorimod and wroþ, O. and N. 1218. Forfrigted folc and sorimod, Gen. and Ex. 3520. O. Sax. sérag-mód.]
sárigness, e; f. Sadness :-- Hwæt mæg beón wóp oððe sárignys, gyf ðæt næs se mǽsta ǽgðres, Homl. Skt. i. 23, 102. [Hé hig funde slǽpende for unrótnesse (later MS. sárignesse) dormientes prae tristitiam, Lk. Skt. 22, 45. Tristicia þet is þissere worlde sarinesse, O. E. Homl. i. 103, 22. Þer wes sarinesse (wowe, 2nd MS.), sorreʒen inoʒe, Laym. 27560. In eche sorinesse, O. E. Misc. 76, 125. Wiþ muchel sorinesse, Horn. 922]
sár-líc; adj. I. giving occasion for sorrow, sad, mournful, lamentable, grievous :-- Wá lá wá! ðæt is sárlíc ðæt swá leóhtes andwlitan men sceolan ágan þýstra ealdor heu, proh dolor! quod tam lucidi vultus homines, tenebrarum auctor possidet, Bd. 2, 1; S. 501, 15. Sárlíc tó cweðene dolendum dictu, Hpt. Gl. 447, 25. Nó his lífgedál sárlíc þúhte secga ǽnigum to no man did his death seem occasion for sorrow, Beo. Th. 1688; B. 842. Sárlíc symbel (the eating of the forbidden fruit), Exon. Th. 226, 15; Ph. 406. Sárlíc síþfæt (the journey to hell), 446, 20; Dóm. 25. Se sárlíca cwide: 'Terra es et in terram ibis' that sad sentence, 'Dust thou art and to dust thou shalt return,' Blickl. Homl. 123, 7. Mid sárlícre sceame confusione, Ps. Th. 88, 38. I a. causing pain, grievous :-- Éþung biþ sárlíc the breathing is painful, Lchdm. ii. 258, 17. Wé witon unrím ðara monna ðe ða écan gesǽlþa sóhtan nallas þurh ðæt án ðæt hí wilnodon ðæs líchomlícan deáþes ac eác manegra sárlícra wíta hié gewilnodon multos scimus beatitudinis fructum non morte solum, verum etiam doloribus suppliciisque quaesisse, Bt. 11, 2; Fox 36, 4. II. expressing sorrow or grief, sad, mournful :-- Sárlic sang trenos, Wrt. Voc. i. 28, 18. Sárlíc blis cantilena, ii. 128, 13. Hé sit mid sárlícum andwlitan, nát ic hwæt hé besorgaþ, Ap. Th. 15, 10. Hé cwæð mid sárlícre stemne, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 101, 205. Sárlíc leóþ tragoediam, Wrt. Voc. ii. 82, 37. Hwílum gyd áwræc sárlíc, Beo. Th. 4224; B. 2109. [Næs heo næuere swa sarlic, þ̄ wes Wenhauer þa quene, sarʒest wimmone, Laym. 28457. O. H. Ger. sér-líh grievous.]
sárlíce; adv. I. in a manner that causes or is attended by physical pain, sorely, painfully :-- Job sæt sárlíce eal on ánre wunde, Homl. Th. ii. 452, 27. Blód ðæt wæs sárlíce ágoten, Ps. Th. 78, 11. Ðé sculon slítan sárlíce swearte wihta, Soul Kmbl. 145; Seel. 73. Hé sóhte hú hé sárlícast, þurh ða wyrrestan wítu, meahte feorhcwale findan, Exon. Th. 276, 25; Jul. 571. II. in a manner that causes mental pain, sorely, grievously, lamentably :-- Ðæt mín fót ful sárlíce ásliden wǽre, Ps. Th. 93, 17. Hí mé on dígle deorce stówe settan sárlíce, 142, 4. Hit oft swíðe sárlíce gebyrede ðæt wríteras forléton unwritene ðara monna dǽda ðe on hiora dagum foremǽroste wǽron it has often happened most lamentably, that writers have left unwritten those men's deeds that in their days were most distinguished, Bt. 18, 3; Fox 64, 32. III. in a manner that expresses sorrow or grief, sorely, bitterly, heavily :-- Apollonius sárlíce sæt, Ap. Th. 14, 21. Sárlíce wépende weeping bitterly, Gen. 21, 16. Ðá onsác se Wísdóm then Wisdom sighed heavily, Bt. 26, 2; Fox 92, 24: 40, 3; Fox 238, 7: Wulfst. 133, 14. Ðá wǽron hié ealle sóna unróte, and sárlíce gebǽrdon, Blickl. Homl. 225, 14. [O. Frs. sérlíke.]
Sarmondisc; adj. Sarmatian :-- Néh ðæm gársecge ðe mon háteþ Sarmondisc Sarmatico aversi oceano, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 8, 16.
sárness, e; f. I. bodily pain :-- On sárnysse ðú ácenst cild in dolore paries filios, Gen. 3, 16. Freoh fram deáþes sárnysse, Homl. Th. i. 76, 14. II. mental pain, affliction, grief :-- Geopenige úre sárnys (the trouble arising from a pestilence) ús infær sóðre gecyrrednysse, ii. 124, 7. Gehrepod mid heortan sárnisse tactus dolore cordis, Gen. 6, 6. Hé ðis eal mid sárnesse beheóld, Ap. Th. 14, 19. Áfirsa fram him his sárnesse, 16, 14. Heu geswutelaþ módes sárnesse, Ælfc. Gr. 5; Som. 4, 1. Helle sárnyssa mé beeodon, and ic on mínre gedréfednysse Drihten clypode, Homl. Th. ii. 86, 17. Ðæt beóþ ða angin, hé cwæð, ðara sárnessa . . . ða sorga and ða sárnessa de on woruld becumaþ, Wulfst. 89, 11-14.
Sarocine, Sarracene. v. Saracene.
sár-seófung, e; f. Complaint :-- Sárseófunge querulosis quiðungum questibus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 76, 18-19.
sár-slege, es; m. A painful blow, a blow that wounds or pains :-- Wé ða heardestan wítu geþoliaþ þurh sárslege, Exon. Th. 262, 31; Jul. 341: 275, 8; Jul. 547. Ne móstun hý Gúþláces gǽste sceþþan, ne þurh sárslege sáwle gedǽlan wið líchoman, 115, 31; Gú. 198. Ðá wæs hé swungen sárslegum, swát ýðum weóll, Andr. Kmbl. 2551; Ann. 1277.
sár-spell, es; n. A sorrowful speech, a lament :-- Ic secge ðis sárspell and ymb síþ spræce, Exon. Th. 458, 6; Hy. 4, 96.
sár-stæf, es; m. A term intended to pain, an insult, a reproach :-- Godes andsacan sægdon sárstafum swíðe gehéton ðæt hé deáþa gedál dreógan sceolde God's adversaries said with bitter words, vehemently vowed, that he should suffer death, Exon. Th. 116, 10; Gú. 205.
sárung, e; f. Mourning, lamentation :-- Ðǽr is sorgung and sárgung (sáruncg, MS. K.) and á singal heóf, Wulfst. 114, 5.
sár-wilm, es; m. A painful burning; a feverish heat :-- Soden sárwylmum (cf. ádle gebysgad, sárum geswenced, 170, 10-11), Exon. Th. 171, 7; Gú. 1123.
sár-wís(?) dull :-- Ða sárwísan (Cott. MS. sámwísan), Past. 30, 1; Swt. 203, 7. v. sám-wís.
sár-wracu; gen. -wræce; f. Sore tribulation :-- Nis ðǽr synn ne sacu ne sárwracu (sár wracu ?), Exon. Th. 201, 11; Ph. 54. Swá ðæt éce líf eádigra gehwylc æfter sárwræce sylf geceóseþ, 224, 27; Ph. 382: 274, 2; Jul. 527.
Satan, es; m. Satan :-- God cwæð ðæt se héhsta hátan sceolde Satan, Cd. Th. 22, 23; Gen. 345: 22, 27; Gen. 347. Hé wæs fram Satane gecostnod, Mk. Skt. 1, 13: Exon. Th. 93, 6; Cri. 1522: Andr. Kmbl. 3374; An. 1691. The Greek form Satanas with acc. Satanan also occurs, Mk. Skt. 3, 23: Lk. Skt. 10, 18; and Satanus, Cd. Th. 287, 22; Sat. 371: 292, 27; Sat. 447.
saturege, an; f. Savory; satureia hortensis, Lchdm. iii. 24, 4. [M. H. Ger. satereie: Ger. saturei.] v. sæþerige.
Saturnus; gen. Saturnes; m. I. Saturn the god :-- Ðæs (Jove's father) nama wæs Saturnus, Bt. 38, 1; Fox 194, 17: Met. 26, 48. Tó ðam cealdan stiorran ðe wé hátaþ Saturnes steorra (cf. Met. 24, 31, where the star is called Saturn: ðone steorran Saturnus londbúende hátaþ), Bt. 36, 2; Fox 174, 13. II. the name occurs often in the Dialogue of Salomon and Saturn.
sáwan; p. seów, séw; pp. sáwen. I. lit. (a) to sow (seed in a field):--Túncersan ðe mon ne sǽwþ, Lchdm. ii. 22, 13. Weard sáweþ on swæð mín, Exon. Th. 403, 11; Rä. 22, 6. Hig ne sáwaþ non seminant, Lk. Skt. 12, 24. Hláford hú ne seów (seówe, MS. A.) ðú gód sǽd on ðínum æcere Domine, nonne bonum semen seminasti in agro tuo? Mt. Kmbl. 13, 27. Út eode se sǽdere hys sǽd tó sáwenne [séde ɫ sédege, Lind.]. And ðá ðá hé seów, 13, 3-4. Ðá hé séw (seów, MS. A.) Mk. Skt. 4, 4. Hé wíngeard sette, seów sǽda fela, Cd. Th. 94, 9; Gen. 1559. Be ðæm áworpnan engle is áwriten ðæt hé séwe ðæt weód on ða gódan æceras cum bonae messi inserta fuissent zizania, Past. 47, 1; Swt. 357, 17. Gehýre gé ðæs sáwendan (seminantis) bigspell, Mt. Kmbl. 13, 18. Sáwondum seminanti, Kent. Gl. 370. (b) to sow (a field with seed):--Hí seówon æceras seminaverunt agros, Ps. Spl. 106, 37. Ne sáw ðú ðínne æcyr mid gemengedum sǽde agrum tuum non seres diverso semine, Lev. 19, 19. Six geár ðú scealt sáwan sex annis seres agrum tuum, 25, 3. II. fig. to sow the seeds of anything, to originate, do an action which produces a result, implant :-- Se eorþlíca anweald ne sǽwþ (inserit) ða cræftas ac lisþ unþeáwas, Bt. 27, 1; Fox 94, 25. Áworpen man on ǽlce tíd sáweþ wróhte homo apostata omni tempore jurgia seminat, Past. 47, 1; Swt. 357, 22. Se ealda inwit sáweþ, Fragm. Kmbl. 67; Leás. 35. Ða hér on teárum sáwaþ hí eft fægerum gefeán sníðaþ qui seminant in lacrymis, in gaudio metent, Ps. Th. 125, 5: Exon. Th. 6, 18; Cri. 86. Hé monigfealde módes snyttru seów and sette geond sefan monna, 41, 29; Cri. 663. Sibbe sáwaþ on sefan manna, 30, 31; Cri. 487. [Goth. saian; p. saisó: O. Sax. sáian; p. sáida, séu: O. Frs. séa: O. H. Ger. sájan; p. sáta: Icel. sá; p. seri, later sáði.] v. á-, be-, ge-, geond-, ofer-, on-, tó-sáwan.
sáwel (ol, ul), sáwl, sául, sówhul, e; f. The soul :-- Sáwul anima, Wrt. Voc. 1. 76, 30. Sáwl, 42, 32. Sául, 282, 23: ii. 7, 75. I. the soul, the animal life :-- Ic secge mínre sáwle: 'Eálá sáwel, ðú hæfst mycele gód . . . gerest ðé, et, drinc, and gewista.' Ðá cwæð God tó him: 'Lá dysega, on ðisse nihte hig feccaþ ðíne sáwle fram ðé' . . . Ic eów secge: 'Ne beó gé ymbehýdige eówre sáwle, hwæt gé etan . . . Seó sáwul ys má ðonne se líchama, Lk. Skt. 12, 16-23. Mannes Sunu com ðæt hé sealde his sáwle líf (ferh, Rush.) tó álýsednesse for manegum, Mt. Kmbl. 20, 28. Gif hwá eácniend wíf gewerde . . . gif hió deád síe, selle sáwle wið sáwle, L. Alf. 18; Th. i. 48, 19. Se ðe gemét hys sáwle (sáule ɫ ferh, Rush.), se forspilþ hig; and se ðe forspilþ his sáwle for mé, hé gemét hí, Mt. Kmbl. 10, 39: 16, 25: Jn. Skt. 12, 25. Genera sáwle míne fram árleásum, Ps. Spl. 16, 14. Sáwle sécan to try to kill, Beo. Th. 1606; B. 801. Ðæt hé gefriðie heora sáwla fram deáþe, and hí féde on hungres tíde, Ps. Th. 32, 16. II. the soul, the intellectual and immortal principle in man :-- Hwæt gelýfeþ se líchoma bútan þurh ða sáwle? Geþencean ða men ðæt hié heora sylfra sáwla geseón ne mágon; ac eal swá hwæt swá se gesénelíca líchama déþ, eal ðæt déþ seó ungesýnelíce sáwl þurh ðone líchoman; and ðonne seó sáwl hié gedǽleþ wið ðone líchoman, hwylc biþ hé ðonne búton swylpe stán, oððe treów? Ne hé hine ná ne onstyreþ, siððan seó ungesýnelíce sáwl him of biþ, Blickl. Homl. 21, 21-28. Se écea dǽl, ðæt is seó sáwl, 111, 32. Seó sául mid gástlícum þingum on écnesse leofaþ, 57, 15. Ealle men líchomlíce sweltaþ, and ðeáh seó sáwl biþ libbende. Ac seó sáwl færþ swíðe fréólíce tó heofonum, siððan heó of ðam carcerne ðæs líchoman onliésed biþ, Bt. 18, 4; Fox 68, 13. Sáwl and lícchoma wyrcaþ ánne mon . . tó ðære sáwle and tó ðam líchoman belimpap ealle ðás ðæs monnes good, ge gástlíce ge líchomlíce . . . Ðonne is ðære sáwle gód wærscipe and gemetgung and geþyld and rihtwísnes and wísdóm and manege swelce cræftas, 34, 6; Fox 140, 28-35: 34, 10; Fox 148, 3-4. Nú tó ðam sóþan gefeán sáwel fundaþ, Exon. Th. 178, 3; Gú. 1238: 233, 12; Ph. 523. Gewát sáwol sécean sóðfæstra dóm, Beo. Th. 5633; B. 2820. Sáwul, Byrht. Th. 136, 64; By. 177. Seó ýdelnes is ðære sáwle feónd, L. E. I. 3; Th. ii. 404, 11. Hwæt is ðæt ðæm men sý máre þearf tó þencenne ðonne embe his sáuwle þearfe? Blickl. Hpml. 97, 20. Nýtenu and deór, fixas and fugelas hé gesceóp on flǽsce bútan sáwle, Homl. Th. i. 276, 4. On hwilcum dǽle hætþ se man Godes anlícnysse on him? on ðære sáwle . . . Ðæs mannes sáwl hæfþ on hire þreó þing, ðæt is, gemynd and andgit aad willa . . . Án sáwul is, and án líf and án edwist seó ðe hæfþ ðás þreó þing . . . Ðeáhhwæðere nis nán ðæra þreora seó sáwul, ac seó sáwul þurh ðæt gemynd gemanþ, þurh ðæt andgit heó understent, þurh ðone willan heó wile swá hwæt swá hire lícaþ, 288, 15-30. Se man is éce on ánum dǽle, ðæt is, on ðære sáwle; heó ne geendaþ nǽfre, 16, 16. Ne mágon hig ða sáwle ofsleán, Mt. Kmbl. 10, 28. Sáuwle, Blickl. Homl. 43, 23. Monna sáwla sint undeáþlíce and éce, Bt. 11, 2; Fox 34, 33. Gebid heó sínna sówhula, Txts. 124, 5. Gemyndige úre sáula þearfe, Blickl. Homl. 101, 16. Ðæt hé úre sáula gelǽde on gefeán, 211, 8. III. a soul, a human creature (after death):--Ða hálgan sáwla cleopodan tó Drihtne: 'Ástíg nú ðú hafast helle bereáfod,' 87, 20. Hálige sáula ðǽr (in Jerusalem) restaþ, 81, 2. Hé geseah ðæt on ðæm clife hangodan manige swearta sáula be heora handum gebundne . . . Ðis wǽron ða sáula ða ðe hér on worlde mid unrihte gefyrenode wǽron, and ðæs noldan geswícan ǽr heora lífes ende, 209, 34-211, 7. Seó menigo háligra sáula ðe ǽr gehæftnede wǽron (those who were released when Christ descended to Hell), 87, 7. Heora (the angels') éþel sceolde geseted weorþan mid hálgum sáwlum . . . mid ðære menniscan gecynde, 121, 34. Mid eallum ðǽm sáulum ðe hér on worlde mid rihte tó Gode gecyrraþ, 57, 25: 89, 29: 95, 22. Drihten ða hálgan sáuwla ðonon (from Hell) álǽdde, 67, 19. [Goth. saiwala: O. Sax. séola: O. Frs. séle: O. L. Ger. séla, síla: O. H. Ger. séla, séula: Icel. sála.] v. or-sáwle.
sáwel-berend a being with a soul :-- Sáwlberendra, niðða bearna, grundbúendra, Beo. Th. 2013; B. 1004.
sáwel-cund; adj. Spiritual :-- Sáwelcund hyrde, Exon. Th. 121, 14; Gú. 288.
sáwel-dreór life-blood :-- Hé geblódegod wearð sáwuldrióre, Beo. Th. 5379; B. 2693. Besmiten mid sáwldreóre, Cd. Th. 91, 31; Gen. 1520.
sáwel-gedál the parting of soul and body, death :-- Ne biþ ðæs lengra swice sáwelgedáles ðonne seofon niht fyrstgemearces, ðæt mín feorh heonan on ðisse eahteþan ende geséceþ, Exon. Th. 164, 7; Gú. 1008. Cf. líf-gedál.
sáwel-gescot soul-scot :-- Ðat sáwulgesceot sceulon ða canonicas habban, Chart. Th. 609, 14, 29. v. sáwel-sceatt.
sáwel-hord the treasure of life, life guarded as a treasure in the body, the body full of life :-- Óþ ðæt sáwlhord, báncofa blódig, ábrocen weorþeþ, Exon. Th. 329, 15; Vy. 34. Óþ sáwlhord to the very soul, Ps. Th. 77, 49.
sáwel-hús the body :-- Ðis sáwelhús, fǽge flǽschoma, Exon. Th. 163, 34; Gú. 1003. Deáþ sóhte sáwelhús, 170, 19; Gú. 1114.
sáwel-leás; adj. I. without life (v. sáwel, I):--Sáwulleás (sáwl-, MS. F.) exanimis, Ælfc. Gl. 9, 28; Zup. 56, 16. Hé feóll geswógen swylce hé sáwlleás wǽre, Homl. Skt. i. 21, 299. Hí þwógon ðone sáwlleásan líchaman, 20, 97. Magoþegna bær ðone sélestan sáwolleásne, Beo. Th. 2817; B. 1406. Sáwulleásne, 6059; B. 3033. Sáwelleásne, Exon. Th. 329, 21; Vy. 37. Héht ðá ásettan sáwlleásne, lífe belidenes líc on eorþan, Elen. Kmbl. 1751; El. 877. II. without soul (v. sáwel, II):--On ðæs mannes sáwle is Godes anlícnyss, for ðam is se mann sélra ðonne ða sáwulleásan nýtenu, ðe nán andgit nabbaþ embe heora ágenne Scyppend, Hexam. 11; Norm. 18, 22.
sáwel-sceatt, es; m. An ecclesiastical due, to be paid for every deceased person to the clergy of the church to which he belonged, in consideration of the services performed by them in his behalf. It was to be paid before the funeral rites were completed, though the regulation would hardly be carried out in cases where grants of land were made. It appears to have been one of the objects of the early gilds, to provide for the payment of this fee:--Sáwlsceat vel syndrig Godes lác dano (dona?), Wrt. Voc. i. 28, 44. The passages dealing with the subject in the Laws are the following:--Ic wille ðæt míne geréfan gedón ðæt man ágife ða ciricsceattas and ða sáwlsceattas tó ðám stówum ðe hit mid riht tó gebirige, L. Ath. i. prm.; Th. i. 196, 9. Gelǽste man sáwlsceat (sául-, MS. A.) æt ǽlcan cristenan men tó ðam mynstre ðe hit tó gebyrige, L. Edg. 1, 5; Th. i. 264, 24. And sáulsceat is rihtast ðæt man symle gelǽste æt openum græfe; and gif man ǽnig líc of rihtscriftscíre elles hwár lecge, gelǽste man sáulsceat swá ðéh intó ðam mynstre ðe hit tó hýrde, L. Eth. v. 12; Th. i. 308, 4-7 : vi. 20-21; Th. i. 320, 4-8: ix. 13; Th. i. 342, 33: L. C. E. 13; Th. i. 368, 5-8. To the same effect it is said in Wulfstan's Homilies:--Eác wé lǽraþ ðæt cristenra manna gehwylc understande, ðæt hé æfter forþsíðe bútan sáwulsceatte ne licge on mynstre, ac gelǽste man á ðone sáwelsceat æt openum pytte, 118, 4-7. Sáulscat is rihtast ðæt man gelǽste aa æt openum græfe, 311, 12. The sáwelsceat is sometimes determined in amount by the will of the deceased:--Ic gean intó Élig . . . ðér mínes hláfordes líchoma rest, ðara þreó landa ðe wit geheótan Gode . . . and ðes beáhges gemacan, ðe man sæalde mínum hláforde, tó sáwlescæatte, Chart. Th. 524, 14-30. See too Shrn. 159, and Turner's Anglo-Saxons, bk. vii. c. xiv. Kemble, Cod. Dip. i. lxii, remarks that in lands leased by the Church, and exclusively in such, there is frequently a stipulation for the payment of sáwelsceat. For the practice in the case of gilds, see Chart. Th. 609, 10-18:--Æt ǽlcum forðfarenum gildan æt ǽlcum heorþe ǽnne penig tó sáwulsceote, sé hit bonda, sé hit wíf, ðe on ðam gildscipe sindon; and ðat sáwulgesceot sceulon ða canonicas habban, and swilce þénisce dón for hig swilce hig ágon tó dóne.
sáwel-scot. v. preceding word (the last passage).
sáwel-þearf, e; f. What is necessary or beneficial for the soul :-- Ic wes smeágende ymb míne sáulþearfe, Chart. Th. 474, 18.
sáwend, es; m. A sower :-- Ðe sédere ɫ sáwend seminans, Mk. Skt. Rush. 4, 3. Se sáwena (sáwend?) qui seminat, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 13, 3. Gehéraþ gelícnisse ðæs sáwendes audite parabolam seminantis, 13, 18. Cf. leóhtsáwend lucisator, Germ. 389, 2.
sáwere, es; m. A sower :-- Út eode se sáwere his sǽd tó sáwenne, Mt. Kmbl. A. 13, 3. v. word-, wróht-sáwere.
sáwlian; p. ode To give up the ghost, expire :-- Hé ne geswác his gebeda óþ ðæt hé sáwlode, Homl. Th. ii. 518, 1. Flaccus hét ðone preóst beswingan óþ ðæt hé sáwlode, Homl. Skt. i. 10, 291. Sóna swá hé ðyder com swá sáwlode ðæt mǽden, 22, 101: Homl. As. 59, 202. v. next word.
sáwlung, e; f. The giving up the ghost, expiring :-- Cwæð sum hálig biscop ðá hé wæs on sáwlenga be ðeossum fæder: Arsenius ðú wǽre eádig forðon ðú hæfdest á ðás tíd beforan ðínum eágum a certain holy bishop, when he was expiring, said of this father: 'Arsenius, blessed wert thou, for ever hadst thou this hour (the hour of death) before thine eyes.' Shrn. 106, 26.
sca-; scá-, scǽ-; scæ-. v. scea-; sceá-; scea-, sce-.
scaed, Wrt. ii. 120, 8. v. sceabb.
scǽnan; p. de To break :-- Ðá cómon ða cempan, and sóna ðæra sceaðena sceancan tóbrǽcon. Hí gemétton Crist deádne, and his hálgan sceancan scǽnan ne dorston, Homl. Th. ii. 260, 10. Ða gemettan ne móston ðæs lambes bán scǽnan, ne ða cempan ne móston tóbrecan his (Christ's) hálgan sceancan, 282, 7. [Helmes gullen . . . sceldes gunnen scenen, Laym. 31234. Breken brade sperren, bordes scænden, 5186. Cf. (?) Icel. skeina to scratch, wound slightly.] v. ge-, tó-scǽnan.
Scald the Schelde :-- Hér fór se here up on Scald, Chr. 883; Erl. 82, 15.
Scariothisc; adj. Of Scariot :-- Judas se Scariothisca; forðon hé com of ðæm túne ðe Scariot hátte, Blickl. Homl. 69, 5: Mk. Skt. Lind. Rush. 14, 43.
scaþel, Dóm. L. 30, 58. v. staþel.
sceáb, sceaba. v. sceáf, sceafa.
sceabb, scæb, sceb, es; m. Scab, a scab :-- Scaed (scaeb?) scara (scara vulneris crusta, Du Cange. Cf. Span. escara the scurf or scar of a sore), Wrt. Voc. ii. 120, 8. Ðone leahtor ðe Grécas achoras (GREEK) nernnaþ, ðæt ys sceb (scæb, MS. B.), Lchdm. i. 322, 17. Wið sceb (scæb, MSS. H. B.), 150, 5: 316, 22. Wið sceab, 66, 21. Se hæfþ singalne sceabb se ðe nǽfre ne blinþ ungestæððignesse. Ðonne bí ðæm sceabbe swíðe ryhte sió hreófl getácnaþ ðæt wóhhǽmed jugem habet scabiem, cui carnis petulantia sine cessatione dominatur. Per scabiem recte luxuria designatur, Past. 11, 5; Swt. 70, 3-4. Gif hé hæfde singale sceabbas si jugem scabiem habens fuerit, 11, 1; Swt. 65, 6. [Ger. schabe scab, itch: Dan. skab: Swed. skabb.]
sceabbed; adj. Having scabs or sores :-- Sceabbede, ǽttren purulentus, Hpt. Gl. 519, 32.
sceacan, scacan; p. sceóc, scóc; pp. sceacen, scacen, scæcen. I. to shake (intrans.), quiver :-- Gerd from uinde styrende ɫ sceæcende, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 11, 7. II. but generally used of rapid movement, (1) of living creatures, to flee, hurry off, go forth (cf. (?) colloquial shack to rove about):--Ðá sceóc hé on niht fram ðære fyrde him sylfum tó myclum bysmore he fled at night from the English army to his great disgrace, Chr. 992; Erl. 130, 32. Hé sceóc dígellíce of ðære byrig he hurried off secretly from the town, Homl. Th. ii. 154, 12. Sceócon módige maguþegnas morþres on luste they hurried on lusting for murder, Andr. Kmbl. 2280; An. 1141. Hé behét ðæt hé nǽfre siððan of ðam mynstre sceacan nolde he promised that he would not leave the monastery in a hurry again, Homl. Th. ii. 176, 28. Hwí woldest ðú sceacan bútan mínre gewitnisse cur ignorante me fugere voluistil? Gen. 31, 27. Deófol ongon on fleám sceacan, Exon. Th. 280, 17; Jul. 630; Judth. Thw. 25, 34; Jud. 292. Hí gewiton in forwyrd sceacan they hurried to perdition, Andr. Kmbl. 3187; An. 1596. On gerúm sceacan, Exon. Th. 401, 20; Rä. 21, 14. On lyft scacan, fleógan ofer foldan, Cd. Th. 280, 32; Sat. 263; Beo. Th. 3610; B. 1803. [Nes þer nan biscop þ̄ forð on his wæi ne scoc, na munec ne nan abbed þ̄ he an his wæi ne rad, Laym. 13246.] (2) of material things, to move quickly, to be flung, be displaced by shaking :-- Hwílum hára scóc forst of feaxe at times the hoar frost was thrown from my hair, Exon. 498, 26; Rä. 88, 7. Strǽla storm, strengum gebǽded, scóc ofer scyldweall, Beo. Th. 6227; B. 3118. (3) of immaterial things (time, life, thought, etc.), to pass, proceed, depart :-- Ðonne mín sceaceþ líf of líce when my life takes flight from the flesh, Beo. Th. 5478; B. 2742; Exon. Th. 327, 4; Wíd. 141. Swǽ giémeleáslíce oft sceacaþ úre geþohtas from ús ðæt wé his furðum ne gefrédaþ curae vitae ex sensu negligenti quasi nobis non sentientibus procedunt, Past. 18, 7; Swt. 138, 20. Seó tíd gewát sceacan time passed on. Cd. Th. 9, 2; Gen. 135. Is nú worn wintra sceacen, Elen. Kmbl. 1263; El. 633. Ðá wæs dæg sceacen, Beo. Th. 4602; B. 2306, 5448; B. 2727. Ðá wæs winter scacen, 2277; B. 1136. Wæs hira blǽd scacen their glory had departed, 2253; B. 1124. Biþ se wén scæcen, Exon. Th. 50, 23; Cri. 805. Biþ his líf scæcen, 329, 25; Vy. 39. Biþ týr scecen, 447, 27; Dóm. 45. III. to shake (trans.) :-- Ic sceace (scace, scæce) concutio, Ælfc. Gr. 28, 4; Zup. 169, 7. Gúðweard gumena wælhlencan sceóc, Cd. Th. 188, 31; Exod. 176. Sceacas (scæcas, Rush.) ðæt asca of fótum iúrum excubite te pulverem de pedibus vestris, Mk. Skt. Lind. 6, 11. Wæs sceacen vibratur, Germ. 401, 47. IV. to weave (cf. bregdan) :-- Scecen wé plumemus (cf. windan plumemus, 83, 78; plumarium opus dicitur quod ad modum plumarum texitur, Du Cange), Wrt. Voc. ii. 66, 80. [O. Sax. skakan to depart; ellior skók he died: cf. O. H. Ger. untscachondes flutivagi, Grff. vi. 412: Icel. skaka to shake (trans.).] v. á-, of-, on-, óþ-, tó-sceacan.
sceacdóm (P)UNCERTAIN, es; m. Flight, hurried departure :-- Nolde ná Iacob cýðan his scæcdóm (sæcdóm, Thw.) his sweore noluit Jacob confiteri socero suo, quod fugeret, Gen. 31, 20. v. preceding word.
sceacel, es; m. I. a shackle :-- Sceacul vel bend columbar, Wrt. Voc. i. 16, 44. II. the word also glosses plectrum :-- Scecele oððe slegele scecen wé plectra plumemus, ii. 66, 78-80. Sceacelas plectra, 89, 10. [Prompt. Parv. schakkyl numella. Ancren schulen ine so wide scheakeles pleien ine hevuene . . . Þet tet bodi schal beon hwar so euer þe gost wule in one hondhwule, A. R. 94, 25. O. Du. schakel the link or ring of a chain: Icel. skökull the pole of a carriage: Swed. skakel the loose shaft of a carriage: Dan. skagle a trace for a carriage.] v. sweor-sceacel; sceacan.
sceácere, es; m. A robber :-- Þeáf and sceácere fur et latro, Jn. Skt. Lind. 10, 1. Þeáfas and sceácaras fures et latrones, Mt. Kmbl. p. 8, I. Mið sceácerum (sceácrum, Rush.) i UNCERTAIN mið sétnern UNCERTAIN cum seditiosis, Mk. Skt. Lind. 15, 7. [O. H. Ger. scáhháre latro; scáh latrocinium, praeda: O. Frs. skák booty; skéka to rob: Du. schaak abduction.] v. next word.
sceacga, an; m. The hair of the head; cf. shaggy :-- Feax, sceacga coma, Wrt. Voc. ii. 22, 56. [Cf. Icel. skegg the beard: Dan. skæg: Swed. skägg.] v. next word.
sceacged; adj. Having hair on the head, shagged :-- Sceacgede comosus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 22, 71. Sceagode, 132, 7. [Cf. Icel. skeggjaðr bearded.] v. preceding word.
sceac-líne, sceacness, sceacul. v. sceát-líne, on-sceacness, sceacel.
scead, es; m. ? :-- Siblingchyrst and Trowincsceadas and Rocisfald, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 123, 8.
scead, scæd, scad, sced, es; n. Shade; fig. shelter, protection :-- Æfter sceades sciman, Salm. Kmbl. 233; Sal. 116. Scedes, Cd. Th. 271, 15; Sat. 106. On sceade (scade, MS. B.) áhón. Lchdm. i. 284, 21. On ðam sceade his geteldes in abscondito tabernaculi sui, Ps. Th. 26, 6. Manna bearn hopiaþ tó ðæm sceade ðínra fiðera filii hominum in protectione alarum tuarum sperabunt, 35, 8. Ðonne on sceade weaxeþ, Exon. Th. 214, 5; Ph. 234. Hé in scade weardaþ, on wudubearwe, wéste stówe, 209, 10; Ph. 168. Ðæt gé mec mid searocræftum under scæd scúfan mótan, 142, 20; Gú. 647. Sceadu beóþ bidyrned, ðǽr se leóhta beám leódum byrhteþ, 67, 16; Cri. 1089. Sceadu sweðerodon, Andr. Kmbl. 1672; An. 838. Sceado (sceaðo, MS.), Cd. Th. 184, 27; Exod. 113. Scadu, Exon. Th. 179, 16; Gú. 1262. Deorc deáþes sceadu dreógan, 8, 15; Cri. 118. Sunne ofer sceadu scíneþ, 212, 14; Ph. 210. Under sceadu bregdan to kill, Beo. Th. 1419; B. 707. Dæg ǽresta geseah deorc sceado sweart swiðrian, Cd. Th. 8, 33; Gen. 133. v. leáf-scead, sceadu.
sceád, scád, es; n. Shed (in water-shed), a division, distinction, reason, reckoning :-- Ðú scealt gyldan scád wordum thou shalt give an account (of thine actions) in words, Dóm. L. 73. [Haueð wit and schad bituhhe god and uuel, O. E. Homl. i. 255, 30. Snæd and skill, Orm. 5534. Niss bitwenen ʒutmc UNCERTAIN and hemm nan snæd i manness kinde, 6229, Schead ba of god and of uvel, Kath. 240. O. L. Ger. scéth discrimen: O. H. Ger. sceit discissio.] v. ge-, tó-, unge-sceád.
sceáda (sceáde; f. (?)), an; m. The top of the head, parting of the hair :-- Hé tófylleþ feaxes scádan conquassabit verticem capilli, Ps. Th. 67, 21. [Crulle was his heer, and as the gold it schon . . . Ful streyt and evene lay his joly schood. Miller's Tale, 130. The nayl y-dryven in the schode a-nyght. Knight's Tale, 1149. v. Halliwell's Dict. shed, and E. D. S. Pub. Lincolnshire, shed the parting of the hair. Cf. Prompt. Parv. schodynge of the heede discrimen: O. L. Ger. scéthlo, sceithlo vertex (capilli): O. H. Ger. sceitila vertex; fahs-sceitila cervix capilli.] v. preceding word.
sceádan, scádan; p. scéd, sceád (v. tó-sceádan); pp. sceáden. I. trans. (1) to separate, divide, make a line of separation between :-- Eádmund Myrce geeode swá Dor scádeþ, hwítan wylles geat and Humbra eá bráda brimstreám Edmund conquered Mercia, which Dor, Whitewell's gate, the river Humber, the broad estuary, divides (from Northumbria), Chr. 942; Erl. 116, 9. From Egypta éðelmearce swá Nilus sceádeþ, Cd. Th. 133, 10; Gen. 2208. Ðonne sceádene beóþ ða synfullan and ða sóðfæstan on ðam mǽran dæge, Exon. Th. 375, 33; Seel. 147. (2) to distinguish, decide :-- Scádeþ discriminet, Wrt. Voc. ii. 27, 20. Scádet, 93, 34. Ðonne biþ gǽsta dóm sceáden swá hí geworhtun ǽr then shall the spirits' doom be decided, according to their deserts, Exon. Th. 76, 2; Cri. 1233. Sceáden mǽl the appointed time (?), Beo. Th. 3882; B. 1939. (3) to scatter, shed :-- Nim beolonan sǽd sceád on gléda take seed of henbane, scatter it on gledes. Lchdm. ii 38, 1: 52, 2. Sceád (scád, MS. B.), i. 82, 7. Gníd tógædere and scád on, ii. 134, 3. Ðæt mela biþ gód on tó sceádenne, 94, 3. [See also the compounds (omitted in their proper places) :-- Besceád, 54, 21. Ofersceáde, 182, 2.] Tó scédende blód ad effundendum sanguinem, Ps. Spl. T. 13, 6. II. intrans. (1) to separate, divide, part :-- Tigelum sceádeþ hróstbeáges hróf (róf, MS.) the woodwork of the roof parts from the tiles. Exon. Th. 477, 29; Ruin. 31. Ðonne dæg and niht scáde when, day and night separate (at morning twilight), Lchdm. ii. 116, 19. Ðonne dæg and niht furþum scáde, 346, 14: 356, 6: iii. 6, 7. Ðonne dæg scáde and niht, ii. 138, 16. (2) to be distinguished, to differ :-- Scádaþ discrepent, Wrt. Voc. ii. 27, 1: 88, 39. (3) to scatter, shed :-- Ðonne sceádaþ ða wyrmas on ðæt wæter, Lchdm. ii. 38, 4. [He shodeð þe gode fro þe iuele, O. E. Homl. ii. 67, 24. Eiðer of þisse teres schedde þe apostel, i. 157, 33. Þe halwe men schedden teres, 157, 15. Redde blod scede (sadde, 2nd MS ), Laym. 5187. He shadde him fra menn, Orm. 3200. Shædenn hemm fra Criste, 1209. Tobrekeð hore uetles and schedeð hore clennesse, A. R. 166, 7. His blode þet he shedde for us, 312, 19. Scheaden þet chef urom þe clene cornes, 270, 27. Blod isched, 402, 21. So wurð ligt fro ðisternesse o sunder sad, Gen. and Ex. 58. On sunder shad, 148. Goth. skaidan to divide, separate: O. Sax. skédan, skéthan trans, and intrans.)ERROR to separate: O. L. Ger. scéthan, sceithan: O. Frs. skéda, skétha to separate, to decide: O. H. Ger. sceidan separare, segregare, discernere, distinguere, discriminare, judicare.] v. á-, for-, ge-, tó- (be-, ofer-, v. I. 3 above) sceádan.
sceadd a shad :-- Ic geann Ælfhelme and Wulfáge ðæra landa betwux Ribbel and Mærse and on Wirhalum . . . on ðæt gerád ðonne sceaddgenge sý ðæt heora ǽgðer sylle .iii. þúsend sceadda intó ðære stówe æt Byrtúne I grant to Ælfhelm and Wulfeah the lands between the Ribble and the Mersey, and in Wirral . . . on the condition that, when shad are in season, each of them give .iii. thousand shad to the convent at Burton, Chart. Th. 544, 21-31.
sceadd-genge; adj. Seasonable for shad. v. preceding word.
sceáde-sealf, e; f. A salve that may be shed on a place (? v. sceádan, I. 3), a medicinal powder :-- Sceádesealf tó eágum, Lchdm. ii. 300, 6. Wyrc góde dríge scádesealfe: nim gebærned sealt and piper and hwítewudu, gegníd tó duste ásift þurh cláð, dó lytlum on, 308, 22.
sceadiht; adj. Shady :-- Of munte scedehtum de monte umbroso, Ps. Surt. ii. p. 189, 16.
sceádlíce; adv. Reasonably, rationally :-- Gif hé gesceádlíce (sceádelice, Wells Frag.) mid eáðmódnesse and mid sóþre lufe hwilcu þing on mynstre tǽle si qua rationabiliter et cum humilitate caritatis reprehenderit, R. Ben. 109, 8. v. ge-, un-sceádlíce.
sceadu; gen. sceaduwe, sceadwe, sceade; f. Shadow, shade :-- Sceadu umbra, Wrt. Voc. i. 77, 8. I. a shadow (cast by an object) :-- Seó sceadu byþ tó underne seofon and twentigoþan healfes fótes the shadow (of the dial-gnomon) will be twenty-six and a half foot long at nine o'clock (on Christmas day), Lchdm. iii. 218, 4 (and often on this and following pages). Nis ðeós woruldlíce niht nán þing búton ðære eorþan sceadu betweox ðære sunnan and mankynne . . . Seó sceadu ástíhþ up óþ ðæt heó becymþ tó ðære lyfte ufeweardan, and ðonne beyrnþ se móna hwíltídum, ðonne hé full byþ, on ðære sceade ufeweardre and fággeteþ oððe mid ealle ásweartaþ, 240, 18-24. On India lande wendaþ heora scada (sceada, MSS. R. P.) on sumera súðweard and on wintra norðweard. Eft on Alexandria on dam sumerlícan sunn- stede on middæge ne byþ nán sceadu on nánre healfe, 258, 12-16. His sceadu gehǽlde ða untruman, Homl. Skt. i. 10, 19. Dagas míne swá swá scadu áhyldon, Ps. Spl. 101, 12: 143, 5. Swá ðú on scimiendre sceade lócige sicut umbra, Ps. Th. 143, 5. Dagas míne swá swá sceaduwa áhyldon, Ps. Lamb. 101, 12. II. shade as opposed to light, shadow (lit. and fig.), darkness :-- Ða ðe nán sceadu (scadu, Cott. MSS.) ne geþiestraþ ðære twiéfealdnesse quos nulla umbra duplicitatis obscurat, Past. 35, 4; Swt. 243, 23. Þýstro hæfdon bewrigen mid wolenum wealdendes hrǽw, sceadu forþeode wann under wolcnum, Rood Kmbl. 108; Kr. 54. Oferwreáh ús scadu deáþes, Ps. Spl. 43, 22. On midlunge sceaduwe dǽþes, 22, 4. On scade (sceaduwe, Ps. Lamb.) deáþes, 106, 10. Ðis andwearde líf is swíðe anlíc sceade, and on ðære sceade nán mon ne mæg begitan ða sóðan gesǽlþa, Bt. 27, 3; Fox 98, 19. On midde ða sceade deáþes, Ps. Th. 22, 4. Ðá gesundrode sigora Waldend leóht wið þeóstrum, sceade wið scíman, Cd. Th. 8, 22; Gen. 128. For hwon sécest ðú sceade, 54, 8; Gen. 874. III. shadow, protection :-- Under scaduwe fiðera ðínra gescyld mé, Ps. Spl. 16, 10. Hí slépon úte on triówa sceadum umbras dabat altissima pinus, Bt. 15; Fox 48, 12. IV. a shady place, shade, arbour :-- Scadu scena (cf. geteld scena vel tabernaculum, i. 37, 15), Wrt. Voc. ii. 119, 80. Sceadwe scenam, 80, 1. V. shadow as opposed to substance, an obscure image :-- Seó ealde ǽ wæs swilce sceadu, and seó níwe gecýðnys is sóðfæstnys, Homl. Th. i. 356, 1. Genóg ic ðé hæbbe nú gereht ymbe ða anlícnessa and ymbe ða sceadwa ðære sóðan gesǽlþe hactenus mendacis formam felicitatis ostendisse suffecerit, Bt. 33, 1; Fox 118, 34. [O. E. Homl. sceadewe, shadewe: A. R. scheadewe: Goth. skadus: O. Sax. skado: O. H. Ger. scato.] v. beám-, heolstor-, niht-, scúr-sceadu; scead.
sceadu-geard, es; m. A shady enclosure :-- Sceadugeardas Tempe, Wrt. Voc. ii. 122, 17.
sceadu-genga, an; m. One who walks in darkness (v. sceadu, II) :-- Com on wanre niht scríðan sceadugenga (Grendel), Beo. Th. 1410; B. 703. Cf. niht-genga.
sceadu-helm, es; m. The cover of night, darkness :-- Niht, scaduhelma gesceapu, Beo. Th. 1304; B. 650.
sceadwian, sceadewian; p. ode To cover with shadow :-- Hé scadewode (scaduaþ, Ps. Lamb.: sceadewede, Blickl. Gl.) obumbrabit, Ps. Spl. 90, 4. [Goth. ufar-skadwjan: O. Sax. skadowan, scadoian: O. L. Ger. scedeuuan: O. H. Ger. scatewen.] v. ofer-sceadwian; sceadwung.
sceádwíslíc. v. ge-, un-sceádwíslíc, and next word.
sceádwíslíce; adv. With discretion, rationally :-- Gif ðú him sceádwíslíce æfter spyrast, Bt. 13; Fox 38, 3. v. ge-sceádwíslíce.
sceádwísness, e; f. Reason :-- Ðá cwæþ seó Gesceádwísnes (Sceádwísnes, Cott. MS.), Bt. 5, 3; Fox 12, 1. Ic wéne ðæt hyt mín sceádwísnes (reason) wére, Shrn. 164, 29. Sceádwísnyssum ratiociniis, R. Ben. Interl. 17, 6.
sceadwung, e; f. An overshadowing :-- On sumum earde dagas beóþ lengran, on sumon scyrtran for ðære eorþan sceadewunge (sceadwunge, MS. R.) in one land days are longer, in another shorter, because of the way in which the shadow falls on the earth, Lchdm. iii. 258, 4. Se fulla móna fǽrlíce fágettaþ ðonne hé ðæs sunlícan leóhtes bedǽled biþ þurh ðære eorþan sceadwunge (by the casting of the earth's shadow), Homl. Th. i. 610, 1. v. be-sceadwung.
sceáf, es; m. A sheaf, bundle. I. in the following glosses :-- Sceáfes fascis, sceáfe fasculo (fascicule), Wrt. Voc. ii. 34, 62-63. Sceáfas areoli, 7, 16: garbas, 40, 60: garbas, manipulas, 89, 19. Sceabas, scébas areoli, Txts. 38, 30: garbas, 66, 468. Sceáfum fasciculis, Hpt. Gl. 520, 19. II. a sheaf (of corn) :-- Mé þúhte ðæt wé bundon sceáfas (manipulos) on æcere and ðæt mín sceáf árise ómiddan eówrum sceáfum and eówre gilmas ábugon tó mínum sceáfe, Gen. 37, 7. Gýme hé ðæt náðor ne misfare ne corn ne sceáf, Anglia ix. 260, 12. Mid his sceáfe sceát áfyllan, Ps. Th. 128, 5. Hé nǽnne sceáf (manipulum) ne rípþ, Past. 39, 2; Swt. 287, 3. Heora sceáfas (manipulos) beraþ, Ps. Th. 125, 6. II a. a bundle (of herbs) :-- Dippaþ ysopan sceáf (sceaft, Thw.) on ðam blóde fasciculum hyssopi tingite in sanguine, Ex. 12, 22. Syndrige sceáfas separate bundles (of rue, dill, mint, and marche), Lchdm. ii. 188, 24. Rúdan sceáfas þrý, 216, 2. [O. H. Ger. scoub: Ger. schaub: Du. schoof: Icel. skanf a fox's brush.]
sceafa, an; m. A plane :-- Sceaba runcina, Txts. 92, 853. Scafa olatrum. Wrt. Voc. i. 287, 11: ii. 64, 13. Hé sceal habban æcse, adsan, scafan, sage, Anglia ix. 263, 2. [Prompt. Parv. schave or schavynge knyfe scalpellum, scalprum: O. H. Ger. scaba plana, asperella: Ger. schabe: Du. schaaf a plane: Icel. skafa a scraper.] v. mǽlsceafa, sceafan.
Sceáfa, an; m. The name of a king of the Lombards :-- Sceáfa weóld Longbeardum, Exon. Th. 320, 21; Víd. 33. See also Scyld Scéfing, Beo. Th. 7; B. 4.
sceafan, scafan; p. scóf; pp. sceafen, scafen To shave, scrape, shred, polish :-- Scaebe poleo, Wrt. Voc. ii. 117, 63. Gif hé ðæt ómige fæt mid ungemete scæfþ dam nimis cupit eradere eruginem, R. Ben. 121, 4. Hé scóf on halig wæter of ðam hálgan treówe, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 102, 216. Man scóf ðæra bóca leáf and ða sceafþan dyde on wæter rasa folia codicum, et ipsam rasuram aquae immissam, Bd. 1, 1; S. 474, 37. Monige men sprytlan ácurfon and on wæter scófan, 3, 17; S. 544, 45, col. 1. Sceaf (scaf, MS. B.) gáte horn on þrý scenceas, Lchdm. i. 352, 11: 344, 13. Sceafe ðæt gréne, ii. 292, 26. Ðú scealt hine scafan on wæter . . . and ðære reádan eorþan dǽl scafe ðǽrtð, ii. 290, 11-13. [Goth. skaban: O. L. Ger. scavan scalpere: O. H. Ger. scaban, scapan scabere, scalpers, radere: Icel. skafa.] v. á-, be-, ge-sceafan (-scafan).
sceáf-fót; adj. Splay-footed :-- Scábfoot, scaabfót, scáffo[o]t pansa, Txts. 90, 832. Scáffót, Wrt. Voc. i. 288, 78. [Cf. Icel. skeifr askew, oblique; skeifa a horse-shoe.]
sceáf-mǽlum; adv. In sheaves or bundle: :-- Gadriaþ ǽrest ðone coccel, and bindaþ sceáfmǽlum, Mt. Kmbl. 13, 30.
sceafoþa, sceafþa, scæfþa, an; m. (or -e; f. ?) A shaving, chip, what is shaved, scraped, or rubbed of :-- Ðá gehálgode ic wæter and scæfþan dyde on ðæs foresprecenan treówes tunc benedixi aquam, et astulam roboris praefati inmittens, Bd. 2, 13; S. 539, 5. Ða scæfþan ðe ðǽron genumene wǽron lǽcedóm bǽron astulae de illo abscissae solent adferre medelam, 4, 6; S. 574, 9. Man scóf ðara bóca leáf and ða sceafþan (ipsam rasuram) dyde on wæter, 1, 1; S. 474, 38. Monige spónas and sceafþan (astulas) nimaþ, 3, 2; S. 524, 31: 3, 17; S. 544, 44, col. 2. Genim heorotes sceafoþan of ðam horne, Lchdm. ii. 72, 13. Genim heorotes sceafoþan of felle áscafen mid pumice, 100, 14.
sceaft, es; m. A smooth, round, straight stick or pole, a shaft. I. generally (1) the shaft of a spear (cf. Icel. skaft the shaft, spjót the point) :-- Spereleás sceaft contus, Wrt. Voc. i. 35, 42. Gif se ord sié þreó fingre ufor ðonne hindeweard sceaft, L. Alf. pol. 36; Th. i. 84, 17, 18. His sceaft ætstód ætforan him, and ðæt hors hine bær forþ, swá ðæt ðæt spere him eode þurh út, Homl. Skt. i. 12, 53. Hé sceáf, mid his scylde, ðæt se sceaft tóbærst, and ðæt spere sprengde, Byrht. Th. 135, 52; By. 136. Gár sceal on sceafte, ecg on sweorde, Exon. Th. 346, 12; Gn. Ex. 202. [He igrap his spere stronge . . . þe scæft al tobrac, Laym. 6494.] Or (2) a spear :-- Sceaft asta, quiris, Wrt. Voc. i. 35, 18: 84, 24. Ðes sceft (scæft, sceaft) cuspis, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 28; Zup. 56, 4. Scyld sceal cempan, sceaft reáfere, Exon. Th. 341, 23; Gn. Ex. 130. Scæftes ɫ speres ðínes hastae tuae, Cant. Ab. 11. Ðæt yrre ðæt geþyld mid ðam sceafte (mid his spere, B.) slihþ ira patientiam conto percutit, Glos. Prud. A. 18. Scyld sceft oncwyð, Fins. Th. 12; Fin. 7. Hlyn wearð on wícum scylda and sceafta, Cd. Th. 124, 13; Gen. 2062. Deáwig sceaftum, 199, 25; Exod. 344. Hig bǽron lange sceaftas, and ne cóman hig ná tó feohtanne, ac ðæt hig woldan mid hlóþe geniman, Shrn. 38, 9. II. the shaft of an arrow :-- Sceaft feðergearwum fús, Beo. Th. 6228; B. 3118. [Þe ssaft (the arrow that killed William Rufus), þat was wyþoute, gryslych he tobrec, R. Glouc. 419, 2.] III. a pole :-- Fana hwearfode scír on sceafte, Met. 1. 11. Ic gegaderode mé stuþan sceaftas . . . Ic lǽre ǽlcne ðara ðe manigne wǽn hæbbe, ðæt hé menige tó ðam ilcan wuda ðár ic ðás stuþan sceaftas cearf, Shrn. 163, 5-14. [Moyses made a wirme of bras, And henget hege up on a saft, Gen. and Ex. 3899.] III a. something shaped like a shaft, a taper :-- Swá swá eles gecynd biþ ðæt hé beorhtor scíneþ ðonne wex on sceafte (wax in the form of a taper or (?) a wax candle in a candlestick, cf. candelstæf), Blickl. Homl. 129, 1. IV. The word occurs in the passage that defines the distance to which the king's 'grið' extended, but the origin of the phrase, of which it forms part, is not evident :-- Ðus feor sceal beón ðæs cinges grið fram his burhgeate ðǽr hé is sittende on feówer healfe his, ðæt is, .iii. míla, and .iii. furlang, and .iii. æcera brǽde, and .ix. fóta, and .ix. scæfta munda, and .ix. berecorna, L. Ath. iv. 5; Th. i. 224, 7-10. Cf. Tria miliaria, et .iii. quarantene, et .ix. acre latitudine, et .ix. pedes, et .ix. palme, et .ix. grana hordei, L. H. i. 16; Th. i. 526, 15. As the name of a measure of about six inches the phrase continued to exist. Stratmann gives schaftmonde, Nares cites a passage from Harrington's Ariosto in which shaftman occurs; in Ray's Collection (1691) shafman, shafmet, shaftment is explained 'the measure of the fist with the thumb set up.' v. also Halliwell's Dict., and Jamieson's, s.v. schaftmon, shathmont. For the latter form see Sir W. Scott's Antiquary, c. 8 (at the end). [O. Sax. skaft a spear: O. H. Ger. scafe hostile, hasta, jaculum, telum, arundo: Icel. skapt, skaft a shaft, haft (of an axe).] v. deoreþ-, here-, lóh, wæl-sceaft.
sceaft, es; m.: e, f. I. creation, origin :-- Ealle sint emnæðele gif wé willaþ þone fruman sceaft geþencan and ðone Scippend . . . Ac ǽlc mon ðe allunga underþeóded biþ unþeáwum forlǽt his Sceppend and his fruman sceaft si primordia vestra auctoremque Deum spectes, nullis degener exstat, ni vitiis pejora favens proprium deserat ortum, Bt. 30, 2; Fox 110, 17-21. II. a creation, what is created, a creature :-- Ealre sceafte fæder omniparens, Germ. 389, 2. Fram fruman gesceafte (scæftes, Lind.) ab initio creaturae, Mk. Skt. 10, 6. Of frymmðe ðære gesceafte (ðæs sceæftes, Lind.) ðe God gesceóp ab initio creaturae quam condidit Deus, 13, 19. Bodiaþ godspell ealre gesceafte (éghwelcum sceafte, Lind.) praedicate euangelium omni creaturae, 16, 15. Gif God næfde on eallum his ríce náne frige sceaft (gesceaft, Cott. MS.), Bt. 41, 2; Fox 244, 29. Forðæm sint ðás sceafta (gesceafta, Cott. MS.), 41, 5; Fox 252, 30. Alra þinga ɫ sceafta omnium rerum, Mt. Kmbl. p. 12, 16. [Our schaft wele knawes he ipse scit figmentum nostrum, Ps. 102, 14. Godd þatt alle shaffte wrohhte, Orm. pref. 58. Swilc safte (the tabernacle) was ear neuere on werlde brogt, Gen. and Ex. 3628. For be a man faire or foule 'it falleth nouʒte for to lakke þe shappe ne þe shafte' þat God shope hymselue, Piers P. B. 11, 387. O. Sax. -skaft: O. H. Ger. -scaft.] v. ǽr-, ed-, frum-, ge-, geó-, hyge-, meotud-, nafel-, orleg-, self-, un-, wan-sceaft.
Sceaftes-burh Shaftesbury in Dorset:--Æt Sceaftesbyrig, Chr. 1036; Erl. 164, 9. Tó Scæftesbyrig, 980; Erl. 129, 34. See also Cod. Dip. Kmbl. vi. 329, col. 1.
sceaft-lóha, an; m. (or -e; f.?) The strap attached to the shaft of a missile :-- Scaeptlóan hastilia telorum, Txts. 66, 489. Sceptlóum amentis, 42, 106. v. lóh-sceaft, mæst-lón, sceaft-tog.
sceaft-tog (?) the strap attached to the shaft of a missile :-- Sceptog ammentum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 100, 11. v. sceaft-lóha.
sceaga, an; m. A shaw, small wood, copse, thicket. The word is found in many local names, and was preserved in various dialects, e. g. shaw a small shady wood in a valley, E. D. S. Pub. B. 7 (West Riding): a wood that encompasses a close, B. 16 (Sussex). Shaws broad belts of underwood, two, three, and even four rods wide, around every field, Farming words, 4 (Sussex). Shaw a natural copse of wood, Cumberland. The word occurs in the following passages of charters:--Juxta silvam quam dicunt Toccansceaga, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. i. 121, 24. Mariscum uocabulo Scaga, quam etiam circumfluit Iaegnlaad, 190, 6: 160, 28. On brémeles sceagan eásteweardne, ii. 172, 28. On ðone langan sceagan westeweardne; of langan sceagan on ðæt hǽðene byrgils, iii. 85, 19-20. Onbútan færsscagan, 229, 29. Rihte út þurh ðone sceagan óþ ða lége, 406, 27. Of ðære byrig þwyres ofer ðane sceagan, 460, 2. Þurh Beaddes scagan, v. 166, 10. [At a schaʒe syde, Gaw. 2161. In a schaʒe (the reference is to the gourd under which Jonah sat) þat schade ful cole, Allit. Pms. 105, 452. Wodschaweʒ, 9, 284. For love of hym thou lovedst in the shawe, I mene Adon, Tr. and Cr. 3, 671. Thane schotte owtte of þe schawe schiltrounis many, Mort. A. 1765. In ʒone dyme schawes, 1723. See also Halliwell's Dict. and Nares' Glossary. Cf. (?) Icel. skaga to project.]
sceál, scál (?) a shoal, troop, band :-- Ic be hondum mót hǽðenre (-ra?) sceál grípan tó grunde, Godes andsacan, Cd. Th. 281, 8; Sat. 268. Cf. Mid his handscále, Beo. Th. 2638; B. 1317.
scealc, es; m. I. a servant :-- Eálá ic eom ðín ágen esne Dryhten and ðín swylce eom scealc ombehte (cf. ambeht-scealc) and ðíure þeówan suna O Domine, quia ego servus tuus, ego servus tuus, et filius ancillae tuae, Ps. Th. 115, 6. Ic eom ðín hold scealc tuus sum ego, 118, 94. Dó ðínes scealces (servi) sáwle blíðe, 85, 3. Tó scealce in servum, 104, 15. Hǽl ðínne scealc salvum fac servum tuum, 85, 2: 88, 17. Hé Moyses sende his sylfes scealc misit Moysen servum suum, 104, 22. Beseoh on ðíne scealcas respice in servos tuos, 89, 18. Babilone weard hét his scealcas scúfan ða hyssas in bǽlblyse, Cd. Th. 230, 10; Dan. 231. II. as a term of reproach:--Ðá hine heówon hǽðene scealcas, Byrht. Th. 137, 5; By. 181. Hwílum ic gehére helle scealcas, gnorniende cynn, Cd. Th. 273, 8; Sat. 133. III. a man, soldier, sailor :-- Scealc (Beowulf) hafaþ dǽde gefremede, ðe wé ealle ǽr ne meahton, Beo. Th. 1883; B. 939. Eode scealc monig swíðnicgende tó sele searowundor seón, 1841; B. 918. Hú mæg ðæt gesceádwís scealc (cf. gesceádwís mon, Bt. 28; Fox 100, 30) gereccan, ðæt hé him ðý sélra þince, Met. 15, 14. Brugdon scealcas (the Jews who defeated the Assyrians) of sceáðum scírmǽled swyrd, Judth. Thw. 24, 38; Jud. 230. Næs scealca nán there was no one, Met. 8, 21. Scipu mid scealcum ships with their crews, Exon. Th. 362, 3; Wal. 31. [Þer wes moni bald scalc (cniht, 2nd MS.), Laym. 19126. Heo wenden bi þen scelden þat hit heore scalkes (men, 2nd MS.) weoren, 4219. Schalk a knight, Gaw. 160. Goth. skalks GREEK: O. Sax. skalk servus: O. Frs. skalk a servant, slave: O. H. Ger. scalch servus, famulus, manceps: Icel. skálkr a rouge. v. Grmm. R. A. 302, and Grff. vi. 480 sqq. for compounds.] v. ambeht-, beór-, freoðo-scealc.
sceald-húlas glosses paupilius, Wrt. Voc. ii. 116, 21. v. next word.
sceald-þýfel (-hýfel), es; m. A thicket :-- Scaldthýflas, scald[t]hýblas alga, alge; scaldhýflas vel sondhyllas alga, Txts. 38, 58. 'Scaldhýflas alga, scaldhúlas paupilius, are errors. Scealdþýfelas, fruteta, thickets, occurs in Greg. Dial.' Lchdm. iii. 343, col. 2. [Cf. (?) O. H. Ger. scald sacer; scald-eiche ilex: and see Grmm. D. M. 615.]
scealfor, e; f.: scealfra, an; m. A diver (bird):--Scalfr, scalfur mergulus, Txts. 78, 647. Scealfr mergus, Wrt. Voc. i. 29, 13. Scealfor turdella, mergula, 63, 15, 16: mergulus, 280, 11: ii. 56, 18: 89, 54. Scealfra mergus vel mergulus, i. 77, 27. Grǽdigre scelfre voracis mergulae, Hpt. Gl. 418, 70. Ðá geseah hé swymman scealfran on flóde, and gelóme doppettan ádúne tó grunde éhtende þearle ðære eá fixa . . . Ðá hét Martinus ða fugelas ðæs fixnoðes geswícan, and tó wéstene síðian; and ða scealfran gewiton áweg tó holte, Homl. Th. ii. 516, 6-12.
scealga, scylga, an; m. The name of a fish :-- Scealga rocea, Wrt. Voc. i. 77, 67. Scylga, 55, 77.
sceallan, scallan; pl. Testiculi, Lchdm. i. 330, 13: 336, 15: 358, 21.
scealu, e; f. I. a shell, husk :-- Scealu glumula, Wrt. Voc. ii. 40, 23. Scalu, scala, Txts. 66, 462. Scale ɫ hule glumula, Hpt. Gl. 439, 50. v. æpel-, beán-, stán-scealu. II. a platter, dish, cup :-- .VI. mæsene sceala, Chart. Th. 429, 30. III. the scale of a balance :-- Ðeós wǽge ɫ scalu haec lanx, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 73; Som. 14, 18. Scale lanx, twá scale balances, Wrt. Voc. i. 38, 39-40. v. wǽg-scealu. [O. Sax. skala a drinting-vessel: O. L. Ger. scala concha: O. H. Ger. scala patera, cratera, concha, gluma: Icel. skál a bowl, a scale (of a balance).]
sceám, es; m. A white horse (?):--Etsomne cwom .LX. monna wicgum rídan, hæfdon .XI. eoredmacgas frídhengestas, IIII. sceámas (cf. (?) hyra bloncan, 405, 5; Rä. 23, 18), Exon. Th. 404, 8; Rä. 23, 4.
sceam-fæst; adj. Shamefast (corrupted later into shamefaced. v. 1 Tim. 2, 9 where Wicklif has schamefastnesse, the modern copies of the A. V. shamefacedness; the Revised Version has restored shamefastness), modest, bashful :-- Scamfæst verecundus vel pudens, Wrt. Voc. i. 51, 31. Sceamfæst verecundus, 86, 56. Seó scamfæste næcednys pudibunda (pudica .i. erubescens) nuditas, Hpt. Gl. 492, 53. Mǽden is sceamfæst, Lchdm. iii. 188, 6. Scamfæst, 192, 2. On óðre wísan sint tó lǽranne ða scamleásan, on óðre ða scamfæstan (verecundi), Past. 31; Swt. 205, 21. [Sannte Marʒe wass shammfæst, Orm. 2175. Wyfmen þet byeþ ssamuest, Ayenb. 222, 20. Schamefast chastite, Chauc. Kn. T. 1197. Schamefast verecundus, pudorosus, Prompt. Parv. 443.] v. un-sceamfæst.
sceam-full; adj. Modest, chaste :-- Sceomfull pudica, Rtl. 108, 25. Sceomfullre verecundia, 110, 3. [Schrift schal beon . . . edmod, scheomeful, dredful, A. R. 302, 23. Dan. skam-fuld shamefaced, ashamed. Chaucer uses the word in its modern sense ignominious, As shamful deeth as herte may deusye Come to these Juges, C. T. Group C. 290.]
sceamfullness, e; f. Modesty; pudicitia. v. un-sceamfullness.
sceamian; p. ode. I. to feel shame, be ashamed (with gen. of cause):--Ic ðæs nǽfre ne sceamige non erubescam, Ps. Th. 24, 1. Ne ic ne scamige nec confundar, Ps. Spl. 30, 20. Gif wé scomiaþ ðæt wé tó uncúðum monnum suelc sprecen si homo apud hominem, de quo minime praesumit, fieri intercessor erubescit, Past. 10, 2; Swt. 63, 5. Weorðaþ gescende and hiora scamiaþ ða tó Sione hete hæfdon confundantur et revereantur, qui oderunt Sion, Ps. Th. 128, 3. Ná ic ne scamode non confundebar, Ps. Spl. 118, 46. Ðiós sǽ cwið ðæt ðú ðín scamige Sidon erubesce Sidon, ait mare, Past. 52, 8; Swt. 409, 33. Hit is cyn ðæt wé úre scomigen, 52, 4; Swt. 407, 15. Sceamian heora ealle míne fýnd erubescant omnes inimici mei, Ps. Th. 6, 8. Scamien, 69, 3. Scamien (confundantur) heora ealle ða unrihtwísan, 24, 3. Heora æfstu ealle sceamien, 69, 4. For hwí hí ne mágan heora má sceamigan ðonne fægnian? Bt. 30, 1; Fox 108, 7. Nó hé ðære feohgyfte scamigan þorfte, Beo. Th. 2057; B. 1026. Ðú ne þearft sceamian, Soul Kmbl. 286; Seel. 147. For hwon sécest ðú sceade sceomiende? Cd. Th. 54, 8; Gen. 874. Sceomiande man sceal in sceade hweorfan, Exon. Th. 337, 19; Gn. Ex. 67. Ða deóflu wendon sceamigende áweg, Wulfst. 236, 26. Hý (Beowulf's followers who had failed him in his need) scamiende scyldas bǽron, ðǽr se gomela læg, Beo. Th. 5692; B. 2850. II. to cause shame (used impersonally with dat. or acc. of person, gen. of cause, or with for, or the cause given in a clause):--Mé sceamaþ pudet, Ælfc. Gr. 33; Som. 37, 22. Oft ðone geþyldegestan scamaþ ðæs siges ðe hí ofer ðone dióful hæfde, Past. 33, 7; Swt. 227, 19. Menn scamaþ for gódan dǽdan swýðor ðonne for misdǽdan, Wulfst. 164, 16. Ðæs ús ne scamaþ ná, ac ðæs ús scamaþ swýðe, ðæt wé bóte áginnan, 165, 39. Hý scamaþ, ðæt hý bétan heora misdǽda, 165, 8. Ða woroldlecan lǽcas scomaþ, ðæt. . ., Past. 1, 1; Swt. 25, 20. Mé sceamaþ ðæt ic wædlige mendicare erubesco, Lk. Skt. 16, 3. Gehwam sceamaþ, ðæt hé wáclíce gescrýd cume, Homl. Th. i. 528, 21. Him ðæs sceamode, 18, 12: Gen. 2, 25. Ðá sceamode ealle his wiðerwinnan, Lk. Skt. 13, 17. Hwá biþ gescended, ðæt mé for ðæm ne scamige? Past. 21, 6; Swt. 165, 5. Forgif ús úre synna, ðæt ús ne scamige eft, Hy. 7, 84. Ne sceamige nánum men, ðæt hé ánum láreow his gyltas cýðe . . . him sceal sceamian ætforan Gode, Homl. Th. ii. 602, 30. Ðæt mé ne sceamie non erubescam, Ps. Th. 24, 18. Hú ne scolde hire sceamian nonne debuerat rubore suffundi? Num. 12, 14. Ðonne fægniaþ hí ðæs ðe hí sceamian sceolde, Bt. 30, tit.; Fox xvi, 6. Ðonne mæg hine scamian ðære brǽdinge his hlísan, 19; Fox 68, 24: Met. 10, 13. Ne þearf ðé ðæs eaforan sceomigan, Cd. Th. 140, 14; Gen. 2327. [Goth. skaman (reflex, with gen.): O. L. Ger. scamón: O. H. Ger. scamón, scamén: Icel. skamma to shame; skammask to be ashamed.] v. á-, for-, e-, of-, on-sceamian.
sceamisc; adj. Of which one is to be ashamed; pudendus:--Scamescan lim veretrum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 96, 54.
sceam-leás; adj. Shameless, bold; impudent, wanton:--Scamleás impudens, Wrt. Voc. i. 47, 45. Scamleás frontosa, Hpt. Gl. 506, 77. Scamlease procax, 525, 57. Scomleás impudens, Wrt. Voc. ii. 44, 38. Selæ-acute;ce biþ micles tó beald and tó scomleás (praesumtione percussus) ðe gæ-acute;þ læ-acute;cnigende, and hæf þ on his ágnum nebbe opene wunde unlácnode. Past. 9, 2; Swt. 61, 3. Of ðysse scamleásan scylde geclæ-acute;nsa mé a delicto meo munda me, Ps. Th. 50, 3. On óðre wísan sint tó læ-acute;ranne ða scamleásan (impudentes), on óðre ða scamfæstan . . . Ðone scamleásan mon mæg ðý bet gebétan ðe hine mon suíður þreáþ, Past. 31, 1; Swt. 205, 21-207, 5. Ðú hine ongeáte swíðe sceamleásne búton æ-acute;lcum gódum þeáwe, Bt. 27, 2; Fox 96, 18. God ða sceamleásan (the people of Sodom) fordyde, Gen. 19, 24. [O. H. Ger. scama-lós impudens, procax: Icel. skammlauss without disgrace.]
sceamleás-líc; adj. Shameless, wanton :-- Dauit wæs mid oferméttum gewundad, and ðæt gecýðde on Urias slæge, for ðære scamleáslecan gewilnunge his wífes, Past. 3, 2; Swt. 35, 24.
sceamleáslíce; adv. Shamelessly, impudently :-- Be ðám Sodomitiscum þe ongeán gecynd sceamleáslíce syngodon, Boutr. Scrd. 22, 38. Hí swíðe grǽdilíce eorþcundum lustum filigaþ and oft swíðe sceamleáslíce on manna gesyhþe, R. Ben. 139, 28. Hié scamleáslíce gielpaþ ðisses hwílendlícan onwaldes improbe de temporali potestate gloriantur, Past. 19, 2; Swt. 145, 9. Swá hé scamleáslícor his yfel cýð (impudenter innotescif), 55, I; Swt. 427, 25.
sceamleást, e; f. Shamelessness, want of modesty, impudence, lasciviousness :-- Sceamleást impudicitia, Mk. Skt. 7, 22. Scamléstan (-léste?) impudentiam, Hpt. Gl. 526, 7.
sceam-líc; adj. I. shamefast, bashful :-- Scæemlíc, seó scamfæste pudibunda, pudica, erubescens, Hpt. Gl. 492, 53. II. shameful, base, disgraceful, ignominious :-- Ðá ongan hé him secgan hú lytel and hú scomlíc ðæs monnes líf biþ hér on worolde . . . and hú wuldorlíc seó éce eádignes biþ, Shro. 92, 16. Sceomlíc corruptibilis, Rtl. 6, Scildige scamlícre forgǽgednysse praevaricationis rei, Jos. 6, 18. Nys ús ná tó secgenne ðone sceamlícan morþ (the disgraceful events at the siege of Jerusalem) ðe ðǽr gedón wæs, Ælfc. T. Grn. 21, 15. Ðæt hé ða sceamlícan þ;ing and ða mánfullan begǽ þ; se res turpes et sceleslas com-mittere, L. Ecg. P. ii. 6; Th. ii. 184, Wæs ðæt feórþe wíte ðæt ealra scamlícost wæs ðæt hundes fleógan cómon post muscas caninas inferentes tam gravia tormenta quam turpia, Ors. J; Swt. 38, I. [Þenne were his cun iscend mid scomeliche witen; Laym. 20462. Eni velunge bitweone mon and ancre is so scheomelich and so naked sunne, A. R. 116, 3. O. H. Ger. scama-líh verecundus, pudibundus; turpis, foedus.] v. á-, un-sceamlíc.
sceamlíce; adv. Shamefully, disgracefully :-- Ða ðè ǽwbryce ne wyrceaþ wólíce and sceamlíce, Homl. As. 19, 140. Hé sceandlíce (scamelíce, MS. N. ) sáwlode, 59, 202.
sceam-lim, es; n. The private member :-- Sceamlim, gecyndlim dedecus, Germ. 390, 120.
sceamol, es; m. A bench, stool. The word remains in the form shambles, properly stalls or benches on which butchers expose meat for sale:-- Sceamul scabellum, Wrt. Voc. i. 81, 24. Scamol subsellium, 289, 24. Scamel, sceamul, sceamol scabellum, Ælfc. Gr. 8; Zup. 31, 7. Scamul, scæmol. Ps. Spl. 98, 5. Ðara mynetera sceamelas mensas nummulariorum, Mt. Kmbl. 21, 12. Sceomolas, Blickl. Homl. 71, 18. Swá forþ be efise tó lippan hamme; ðæt tó ðám scamelan; swá forþ tó stapole. Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 184, 14. [Þe 'halewen makeden of al þe worlde ase ane stol (scheomel, MS. C.: schamel, MS. T. ) to hore uet, A. R. 166, 16. I sal set þe faas of þe schamel of þi fete to be, Ps. 109, I. O. Sax. fótskamel: O. H. Ger. scamal scabellum, subsellium: Ger. schemel a stool: Dan. skammel. From Lat. scamellum.] v. fót-, ræ-acute;de-, ræ-acute;ding-sceamol.
sceamu, e; f. I. the emotion caused by consciousness of unworthiness or of disgrace, in a good sense (v. sceam-fæst, -full, -leás, -líc), modesty, bashfulness; in a bad sense, shame, confusion :-- Sceamu pudor . . . reádnyss oððe sceamu rubor, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 21; Som. 10, 17-18. Scamu, scoma, scomo pudor, Txts. 84, 732. Scame pallor, Hpt. Gl. 474, 77. Scamu rubor, 475, 9. Se ðe nú ne mæg his gyltas for sceame ánum men geandettan, him sceal sceamian ðonne ætforan heofenwarum, and seó sceamu him biþ endeleás. Homl. Th. ii. 604, 3-6. Ðú mid sceame (sceoma, Lind.: scomo. Rush. ) nyme ðæt ýtemeste setl incipias cum rubore nouissimum locum tenere, Lk. Skt. 14, 9. Ðonne biþ hé self geládod wið hine selfne mid his ágenre scame and mid his geþylde, Past. 21, I; Swt. 151, 18. Ðonne árás hé for sceome he got up because he was ashamed of his inability to play the harp, Bd. 4, 24; S. 597, 7. II. what causes a feeling of shame, disgrace, shame :-- Scoma obprobrium, Rtl. 190, 29. Micel hýnþ and sceamu (verecundia) hyt ys men nelle wesan ðæt ðæt hé ys, and ðæt ðe hé wesan sceal, Coll. Monast. Th. 32, 3. -Ǽlce dæge byþ mín sceamu (verecundia) beforan mé Ps. Th. 43, 17. Byþ ðám scand and sceamu operiantur confusions et pudore, 70, 12. Hú mæg máre scamu mannum gelimpan, ðonne ús déþ gelóme? Wulfst. 162, 3. Sceome gihénedo confusione contempnata, Rtl. 27, 31. Sceame, Ps. Th. 88, 38. Ic his feóndas gegyrwe mid scame in ILLEGIBLE icos ejus induam confusione, 131, 19. Ðeós woruld scyldwyrcende in scome byrneþ, Exon. Th. 232, 6; Ph. 502. Ne scomu dóaþ neque calumniam faciatis, Lk. Skt. Rush. 3, 14: contumiliam, 11, 45. Sceame dreógán, habban, þrowian to be put to shame, be disgraced :-- Beóþ gescende and scame dreógaþ míne fýnd confundantur et revereantur inimici mei, Ps. Th. 69, 2. Habban sceame confundantur, 85, 16. Ne sceolon æt mé ǽnige habban sceame non erubescant in me, 68, 7. Sume mǽgon habban ælles woruldwelan genóg ac hí habbaþ ðeáh sceame ðæs welan gif hí ne beóþ swá æðele on gebyrdum swá hí woldon huic census exuberat, sed est pudori degener sanguis, Bt. 11, 1; Fox 30, 31. Ðæs ealdfeóndes scyldigra scolu scome þrowedon, Exon. Th. 114, 20; Gú. 175: 269, 5; Jul. 445: 369, 31; Seel. 49. Hí scoma mǽste dreógaþ, 78, 15; Cri. 1274. Mið scomum (sceofmum, Lind. ) miclum tó giworhtun contumeliis affecerunt, Mk. Skt. Rush. la, 4: Exon. Th. 153, 19; Gú. 828. III. the private part (v. sceam-lim):-- Him sí ábrogden swá of bréchrægle hiora sylfra sceamu, Ps. Th. 108, 28. Forhwon wríhst ðú sceome? Cd. Th. 54, 13; Gen. 876: 58, 7; Gen. 942: 95, 3; Gen. 1573. Scama, ða wǽpenlícan limo preputia, Wrt. Voc. ii. 69, 16. Scamu, 68, 60. [O. Sax. skama shame, disgrace: O. L. Ger. scama confusio, reverentia: O. H. Ger. scama verecundia, reverentia, pudor, rubor, confusio, ignominia, turpitudo: Icel. skömm a shame, outrage. "] v. ár-, hleór-, woruld-sceamu.
sceamung, e; f. Shaming, disgrace :-- Ðú canst gescændnysse ɫ sceamunga míne tu scis confusionem meam, Ps. Lamb. 68, 20. v. forsceamung.
sceanca, an; m. I. a shank, shin, the leg from the knee to the foot :-- Sceanca crus, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 33; Som. 12, 22: Wrt. Voc. ii. 137, 21: i. 71, 56. Scance(-a?) crus, sceanca[n] crura, 44, 68. Gif se sconca biþ þyrel beneoðan cneówe, L. Alf. pol. 63; Th. i. 96, 16. Gif monnes sconca biþ of áslagen wið ðæt cneóu, 72; Th. i. 98, 19. Nim blæces hundes deádes ðone swýðran fótes sceancan (fótscancan, MS. B. ), Lchdm. i. 362, 27. Sconcan crura, Wrt. Voc. i. 65, 41. Scancan, ii. 17, 43. Sceancan crura, scancan tibiae, i. 283, 69-70. Lǽcedómas wið scancena sáre, and gif scancan forade synd. Lchdm. ii. 6, 10. Sindon ða scancan (of the Phenix) scyllum biweaxen crura tegunt squamae, Exon. Th. 219, 20; Ph. 310. Scancan tibias, Hpt. Gl. 482, 64: Kent. Gl. 982. Sconca[n?] suras, Wrt. Voc. ii. 93, 5. Ðæt man forbrǽce hyra sceancan (crura). Jn. Skt. 19, 31, 32, 33. Se sceocca gewráð his sceancan, Homl. Skt. i. 11, 223. Sconcan, Salm. Kmbl. 203; Sal. 101. II. the upper part of the leg (= þeóhsceanca):-- Ic wille ðæt gé fédaþ án earm Engliscmon . . . Ágyfe mon hine . . . án scone spices oððe án ram weorðe iiii. peningas, L. Ath. i. prm.; Th. i. 198, 7. [Dan. Swed. skank a shank: cf. Germ. schenkel.] v. earm-, fót-, hóh-, þeóh-sceanca.
sceanc-bend, es; m. A band for the leg, a garter :-- Scangbendas periscelides, Wrt. Voc. i. 40, 55.
sceanc-forod; adj. Broken-legged :-- Ðæt sceáp ðæt sceoncforad (scanc-, Cott. MSS. ) wæs, Past. 17, 9; Swt. 123, 9. Scancforedum men, Lchdm. ii. 66, 21.
sceanc-gebeorg, es; n. A protection for the leg, a greave :-- Bánberge, scan[c]gebeorg ocreas, Wrt. Voc. ii. 97, 35.
sceanc-gegirela, an; m. Clothing for the leg, a garter :-- Scancgegirelan periscelides, Wrt. Voc. ii. 67, 38.
sceanc-lira, an; m. The fleshy, brawny part of the shank, the calf of the leg :-- Scanclira surra, Wrt. Voc. i. 283, 71.
sceand, es; m. An infamous person, a buffoon, charlatan :-- Scond scurra, Wrt. Voc. ii. 120, 5. Ðonne sægde Petrus, ðæt hé wǽre leás drý and sceand and scyldig ǽswica then Peter said that he (Simon the sorcerer) was a false sorcerer and a shameless impostor and a guilty deceiver, Blickl. Homl. 175, 7. Sume hí wyrcaþ heora wógerum drencas, ðæt hí hí tó wífe habbon; ac ðyllíce sceandas sceolan síðian tó helle, Homl. Skt. i. 17, 159.
sceand, e; f. I. shame, disgrace, infamy, ignominy :-- Byþ ðám scand and sceamu operiantur confusione et pudore, Ps. Th. 70, 12. Ignominium sconde hléwung (cf. (?) ge-léwan) sive fraceþu, idem et infamium, Wrt. Voc. ii. 49, 30. Sume wurdon getawod tó scande some were shamefully entreated, Chr. 1076; Erl. 214, 39. Is him óðer earfeþu scyldgum tó sconde. Exon. Th. 78, 14; Cri. 1274. Sylfum tó sconde to thine own disgrace, 90, 27; Cri. 1480. Ðú sceonde æt mé [ne] anfénge ac gefeán eallum thou gottest not disgrace from me, but gladness ever, Cd. Th. 54, 9; Gen. 874. Ne þurfun gé wénan ðæt gé mec mid searocræftum under scæd sconde (with ignominy) scúfan mótan, Exon. Th. 142, 20; Gú. 647. Unwlite oððe sconde dedecus. Wrt. Voc. ii. 27, 35. Hí sceande ágon confundantur. Ps. Th. 108, 27. Sceonde fremman ylda bearnum to bring disgrace on men, Cd. Th. 149, 3; Gen. 2469. II. a shameful, infamous, or abominable thing, what brings disgrace :-- Ðonne is suíðe micel scand ignominiosum valde est, Past. 22, 2; Swt. 173, l. Hé ne wolde ða sceonde (the drunkenness of Noah) hleómágum helan. Cd. Th. 95, 20; Gen. 1581. Scande ignominia (v. second passage in I), Wrt. Voc. i. 21, 19. Flæ-acute; sc scandum þurhwaden, Exon. Th. 78, 32; Cri. 1283. Ðú ðone líchoman scondum gewemdest, 91, 5; Cri. 1487. Áscamode, scondum gedreahte, 79, 32; Cri. 1299. Geseoh ða scande and ða wierrestan þing ðe ðás menn hér dóþ vide abominationes pessimas, quas isti faciunt hic, Past. 21, 3; Swt. 153, 20 : Swt. 155, 9. Sconde, Swt. 155, 8. [Þatt wass hiss aʒhenn shame & shande, Orm. 11956. He makede to sconde he disgraced, Laym. 7032. Unk schal itide harm and schonde, O. and N. 1733. ÞU schalt haue schonde, Horn. 714. To spouse þe emperoures doʒter yt ner hym no schonde, R. Glouc. 65, 12. Goth. skanda GREEK : O. H. Ger. scanta ignominia, confusio.]
sceand-full; adj. Shameful, infamous, vile :--Hé (John the Baptist) wæs heáfde becorfen for scandfulra wífa béne, and for scondfulles gebeórscypes hleahtre, Shrn. 123, 6-8. [Him wule þunche swiðe strong and swiðe scondful þet he scal al a&yogh;euen and seodðan bisechen milce et þan ilke monne þe he haueð er istolen, O. E. Homl. i. 31, 2.]
sceand-hús, es; m. A house of ill fame, a brothel :--Ðá heó ðæt nolde, ðá hét hé hí nacode lǽdan to sumum scandhúse ... Ðæs burhgeréfan sunu wolde rǽsan on hí on ðæm scandhúse. Shrn. 56, 7-11.
sceand-líc j adj. I. of persons, that acts in a disgraceful way, infamous, base, vile :--On ánre tíde twá mǽdencild cumaþ, and biþ ðæt án sydefull and ðæt óðer sceandlíc, Homl. Skt. i. 5, 280. Hierusalem winþ for rihtwísnysse, and Babilonia winþ ongeán for unrihtwísnysse ... Ðære heofonlícan Hierusalem cyning is Crist, ðære scandlícan Babilonian cyning is deófol, Homl. Th. ii. 66, 32. Ðá com ðæs geréfan suna mid his sceandlícum gegadum, Homl. Skt. i. 7, 164. God sende tó ðám sceandlícum mannum (the people of Sodom) twegen englas, 13, 207. II. of things, (a) that is vile in its nature or circumstances, disgraceful, foul, shameful, obscene :--Scandlíc hosp rldiculosum opprobrium. Hpt. Gl. 524, 73. Gif hit ǽr sceondlíc wæs, ne biþ hit nó ðý fægerre, Bt. 14, 3; Fox 46, 16. Seó gesceádwísnes; nis ðæt scandlíc cræft, forðæm hit nǽnig hafaþ neát búton monnum, Met. 20, 188. Scandlícre fúlnesse spurcae obscoenitatis, Hpt. Gl. 447, 19. Of scondlícum geþohte ex turpi cogitatione, Bd. 1, 27; S. 497, 5. Mid sceandlícum willan with foul lust, Homl. Skt. i. 7, 170. Ðín módor gewíteþ of weorulde þurh scondlícne deáð and unárlícne miserando turpissimoque exitu, Nar. 31, 29. Ǽlc óðerne æftan heáweþ mid scandlícan onscytan, Wulfst. 160, 5. Hé sang scandlícu leóþ, and plegode scandlíce plegan, Shrn. 121, 10. Sceondlícum corruptibilibus, Rtl. 24, 36. Ic wille geswigian Tontolis and Pilopes ðara scondlícestena spella nec mihi nunc enumerare opus est Tantali et Pelopisfacta turpia, fabulas iurpiores, Ors. 1, 8; Swt. 42, 8. (b) that causes shame, disgraceful :--Hit is scondlíc ymb swelc tó sprecanne hwelc hit ðá wæs pudet erroris humani, l, 10; Swt. 48, 4. [Wið scondliche deaðe, Laym. 2274. O. H. Ger. scant-líh, turpis, probrosus, ignominiosus, teter, lugubris.]
sceandlíce; adv. I. in a disgraceful manner, disgracefully, shamefully, infamously :--Heó lyfde sceandlíce, swá swá swín on meoxe, Homl. Skt. i. 3, 528. Nán cristen man ne sceal sceandlíce flítan, 13, 122. Him wand út his innoþ æt his setle, and hé sceandlíce sáwlode, Homl. As. 59, 202. II. opprobriously, reproachfully, insultingly :--Hiera wíf [sægdon] ðæt hié óðer gener næfden, búton hié on heora wífa hrif gewiton. Hí ðá, æfter ðæm ðe ða wíf hié swá scondlíce gerǽht hæfdon, gewendan eft ongeán ðone cyning, Ors. 1, 12; Swt. 54, 5. Gif man mannan bismærwordum scandlíce gréte if one man insult another by abusive words, L. H. E. 11; Th. i. 32, 5. Ne sceolon æt mé ǽnige habban sceame sceandlíce ðe ðínes síðes biddaþ (bídaþ ?) non erubescant in me, qui expectant te, Ps. Th. 68, 7.
sceandlícness, e; f. Shame, disgrace, dishonour :--Seó hálige ǽ forbeódeþ ða sceondlícnysse (turpitudinem) onwreón mǽgsibba, Bd. I. 27; S. 491, 6, 12. Hé [ne] mæg mid weorce begán ða sceondlícnesse (scond-, MS. Hatt.) qui turpitudinem non exercet opere, Past. 11, 7; Swt. 72, 5.
sceand-word, es; n. A vile, foul word, or an opprobrious, abusive word :--Ðæt ic (the devil) wolde, ðæt hý (wicked men) ðé (God) áfremdedon and ðíne circean forgeáton and æt mé leornedan sceandword, Wulfst. 255, 15.
sceap, es; n. A private part :--Hé getǽlde his fæder Noe, ðǽr hé on his sceape lócode, Anglia xi. 2, 53. Wið gicþan ðæra sceapa, Lchdm. i. 38, 15. v. for-, ge-, land-sceap.
sceáp, scép, scíp, es; n. A sheep :--Scép ovis, Wrt. Voc. i. 23, 54. Ðæt dysige scép, Ps. Th. 118, 176. Sceáp sceal gongan mid his fliése óþ midne sumor, L. In. 69; Th. i. 146, 10. Emban ceápgild ... sceáp tó sciɫɫ., L. Ath. v. 6, 2; Th. i. 234, 2. Man healde .iii. niht hýde and heáfod (of a slain ox), and sceápes eall swá, L. Eth. iii. 9; Th. i. 296, 19. Nán scyldwyrhta ne lecge nán scépes fell on scyld, L. Ath. i. 15; Th. i. 208, 10. Eówu biþ mid hire giunge sceápe sciɫɫ. weorð óþ ðæt .xiii. niht ofer Eástron, L. In. 55; Th. i. 138, 7. Sceáp mon sceal gildan mid sciɫɫ., L. O. D. 7b; Th. i. 356, 6. Hwylc man ys ðe hæbbe án sceáp (scép, Rush.: scíp, Lind.), Mt. Kmbl. 12, 11. Sceáp (scép, Rush.: scíp, Lind.) ðe hyrde nabbaþ, 9, 36. Scípo oves, Rtl. 19, 37. Sceápa hús ovile, Wrt. Voc. i. 15, 21. Sceápa locu caule, 16, 6 : ii. 23, 11. Lambra sceápa agni ovium, Ps. Spl. 113, 6. þreó heorda sceápa tres greges ovium, Gen. 29, 2. Heald míne sceáp (scíp, Rush.: scípo, Lind.) pasce oves meas. Jn. Skt. 21, 17. Ic drífe sceáp míne tó heora leáse, Coll. Monast. Th. 20, 11. [O. Frs. skép, schép : O. L. Ger. skáp : O. H. Ger. scáf.] v. snǽding-sceáp. The word occurs in local names, v. Cod. Dip. Kmbl. vi. 328, 329.
sceáp-ǽtere, es; m. The carcase of a sheep (?) :--Ánan esne gebyreþ tó metsunge .xii. pund gódes cornes, and .ii. scípǽteras, and i. gód metecú, L. R. S. 8; Th. i. 436, 27.
sceápen; adj. Of a sheep :--Sceápen smera (cf. on sceápes smerwe, 1. 9), Lchdm. ii. 128, 16. Ete sceápen flǽsc and nán óþer, 358, 22. [O. H. Ger. scáfín ovinus.]
sceáp-heord, e; f. A flock of sheep :--Nimaþ eówre hrýðerheorda and eówer sceápheorda and eówer orf oves vestras et armenta assumiie, Ex. 12, 32.
sceáp-heorden, es; n. A hovel, shed :--Býre vel sceápheorden magalia vel mappalia vel capanna, Wrt. Voc. i. 58, 31.
sceáp-hirde, es; m. A shepherd :--Abel wæs sceáphyrde fuit Abel pastor ovium, Gen. 4, 2. Hwílum wearð geworden sceáphyrde tó cynge, L. Eth. vii. 22; Th. i. 334, 10. Scéphyrde oppilius, Wrt. Voc. ii. 65, 10. Scýphyred (-hyrde ? cf. gáta hierde titurus, 288, 21) titirus. Wrt. Voc. i. 18, 57. Swá swá sceáphyrde tósceát sceáp fram gátum, Wulfst. 288, 2. Scéphyrdas opiliones, Coll. Monast. Th. 19, 3. Godes engel ætíwde sceáphirdon, Shrn. 29, 31. Be sceáphyrdan. Sceáphyrdes niht is ..., L. R. S. 14; Th. i. 438, 21.
Sceáp-íg, e; f. Sheppy ( =Sheep-island, cf. Far-oe, Icel. íær a sheep) :--Hér hǽþne men ǽrest on Sceápíge (-ége, MS. E. ) ofer winter sǽtun, Chr. 855; Erl. 68, 23. Hér hǽþne men oferhergeadon Sceápíge, 832; Érl. 64, 18.
sceáp-scearu, e; f. Sheep-shearing :--Ðá fór hé tó his scépscere, Gen. 38, 12.
sceáp-wæsoe, an; f. A place for washing sheep, the word remains as a place-name in Sheepwash, in Worcestershire :--Of ðam stáne on sceápwæscan; andlang sceápwæscan, Cod. Dip. v. 48, 6. Andlang sceápwæscan tó sceápwæscan forda, 174, 11. Tó ðære sceápwæscan, 298, 4. Juxta fluvium qui dicitur Stúr, ad uadum nomine Scépesuuasce, i. 155, 23.
sceáp-wíc, es; n. A sheep-fold :--Tó sceápwícan. Cod. Dip. Kmbl. Iii. 405, 5.
scear, es; m. (?) A plough-share :--scer, scær, scear uomis, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 28; Zup. 55, 16. Scaer vomer, Txts. 35, 32. Scear vomer vel vomis, Wrt. Voc. I. 15, I: 74, 72. Scer, 287, 6. Hwanon ðam yrþlinge sylan scear oððe culter, Coll. Monast. Th. 30, 29. Gefæstnodon sceare and cultre mid ðære syl confirmato vomere et cultro aratro, 19, 19. Hé sceal habban scear, culter and eác gádíren, Anglia ix. 263, 4. [Chauc. Piers P. Prompt. Parv. schare : O. Frs. skere, schere: O. H. Ger. scar, scaro vomer.]
sceár, e; f. A pair of shears or scissors; but the word is generally used in the plural (dual?) as the modern shears, scissors :--Scér forfex, Wrt. Voc. ii. 36, 65. Scéroro, scérero forices, Txts. 60, 401. ísernscéruru forfex, 65, 903. Sceára forfex, Wrt. Voc. i. 86, 21. Sceára forficis, ii. 1, 15. Tange forcipis, tang forceps, sceára forficis, 33, 35-37. Tangan, tange forcipis, sceáre[n] forficis, Hpt. Gl. 417, 75. Hí ne scoldon hira loccas læ-acute;tan weaxan ac hié scoldon hié efsigean mid sceárum non comam nutrient, sed tondentes attondent capita sua. Past. 18, 7; Swt. 139, 14. Ne hé his loccas mid sceárum wanode. Shrn. 93, 9. Hé sceal habban horscamb and sceára (shears) ... sceárra (scissors), næ-acute;dle, Anglia. ix. 263, 8-15. Cf. Ræglsceára forfices, fexsceára forpices, Wrt. Voc. ii. 150, 21, 22. [My berd, myn beer ... That nevere yit ne felte offensioun of rasour ne of schere, Chauc. Kn. T. 1559. A shepster (sutrix) shere, Piers P. 13, 331. Schere (scherys) to clyppe wythe forfex. Prompt. Parv. 445, col. 2. O. Frs. skére, schére; f.: O. H. Ger. scári; pl. Forpices; scára forfex : M. H. Ger. schære: Ger. schere: Icel. skæri; n. pl. Shears.] v. secg-gescére.
scear-beám, es; m. The wood to which the ploughshare is fixed (?) :--Scearbeám brigacus. Wrt. Voc. ii. 127, 21.
sceard, es; n. A shard, sherd, pot-sherd, tile :--Scearda testarum, Germ. 398, 257. [Gower uses sherd for the scale of a dragon, ' a dragon whose scherdes schinen as the sonne,' iii. 68, 5: and in Shakspere shard; denotes a beetle's hard wing-case, v. Nares' Glossary. M. H. Ger. scharte a sherd : Ger. scharte.] v. croc-sceard; scirden.
sceard, es; n. A gap, notch :--Dó of ðam feórþan deále eall ðæt seó sǽ his ofseten hæfþ and eall ða sceard ðe heó him on genumen hæfþ subtract from this fourth part (of the earth) all of it that the sea has covered, and all the gaps (bays and creeks) it has taken; huic quartae, si quantum maria premunt subtraxeris, Bt. 18, 1; Fox 62, 13. [Shard a gap remains long in some dialects, v. E. D. S. Pub. Gloss. B. 15, 19 (Wiltshire). O. Frs. skerd a notch, cut, gash : M. H. Ger. Ger. scharte : Icel. skarð a notch, chink, gap.] v. díc-, hær-sceard, and next word.
sceard; adj. I. notched, hacked, having gaps or rifts :--Ic geann Ælmǽre ðæs sceardan swurdes the hacked sword (cf. Icel. með skarða skjöldu with hacked shields), Chart. Th. 561, 1, 23. Tó ðam sceardan beorge (cf. ðone tóbrocenan beorg ðe is tóclofen, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. ii. 251, 5), of ðam sceardan beorge tó ðam rúgan hlǽwe. Cod. Dip. B. iii. 170, 2. On sceard hweogl (?), Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 419, 11. Hrófas sind gehrorene . . . scearde scúrbeorge, Exon. Th. 476, 9; Ruin. 5. II. gashed, mutilated :-- Gif eáre sceard weorðe, L. Eth. 42; Th. i. 14, 7: 48; Th. i. 14, 13. III. deprived :-- Hé wæs his mǽga sceard, freónda gefylled on folcstede, beslagen æt sæcce, and his sunu forlét on wælstówe, Chr. 937; Erl. 114, 6. (Cf. Icel. hafa, bera skarðan hlut to get worsted.) [O. Sax. skard: O. Frs. skerde cut, gashed: O. H. Ger. scart; lid-scart murcus; lid-scartí mutilation; scartsam scabrosus: M. H. Ger. schart: Ger. schartig: Icel. skarðr.] v. scirdan, and previous word.
scearfian; p. ode To scrape, cut into shreds :-- Genim ða ylcan wyrte, scearfa hý ðonne, and gníd swýðe smale tó duste, Lchdm. i. 70, 14: 80, 16: 344, 13 note. Scearfa smæle, ii. 322, 25. Scearfaþ succidite . . . gescearfa ðú succides, Lk. Skt. Lind. 13, 7, 9. Scearfige ealle ðás rinda tógædere, Lchdm. iii. 14, 4. [O. H. Ger. scarbón concidere.] v. sceorfan, and next two words.
scearflian; p. ode To scrape :-- Scearfla on wæter, Lchdm. i. 184, 18.
scearfung, e; f. Scraping, scarifying :-- Ða wǽtan ða yfelan weorðaþ gegaderode on ðone magan, and ðǽr ríxiaþ mid scearfunga innan, Lchdm. ii. 176, 7. Áberan ða strangan scearfunga ðæra wǽtena, 176, 10.
scearian to grant. v. ge-scearian.
scearn, es; n. Sharn (v. E. D. S. Pub. Gloss. B. 17), dung, filth :-- Scearn, scern fimus, Ælfc. Gr. 13; Zup. 83, 13. Gor, scear[n] letamen, Wrt. Voc. ii. 50, 38. Swé swé scearn (stercus) eorþan, Ps. Surt. 82, 11. Góse scearn, ðonne hió ne ete, Lchdm. ii. 92, 15. Scearnes fimi, Wrt. Voc. ii. 95, 75. Scearn (oxena) fimum, Coll. Monast. Th. 20, 1. [O. Frs. skern: Icel. skarn; n. dung: Dan. skarn dung, muck, filth.]
scearn-fifel. v. scearn-wifel.
scearn-wibba, an; m. A dung-beetle :-- Scærnwibba scarabeus, Wrt. Voc. i. 77, 52. v. next word.
scearn-wifel, es; m. A dung-beetle :-- Scearnwifel (-fifel, MS.) scarabeus, Wrt. Voc. i. 23, 69. [Halliwell gives sharn-bug, a cockchafer, as a Sussex word. Cf. Ssarnboddes (beetles) þet louieþ þet dong, Ayenb. 61, 32. Icel. tord-yfill a beetle.]
scearp; adj. I. sharp, having a fine edge or point :-- Seaxes ecg scearp, Exon. Th. 70, 21; Cri. 1142. Ic eom heard and scearp, ingonges strong, 479, 19; Rä. 63, 1. Genim ðæs scearpan þistles moran, Lchdm. ii. 314, 11. Scearpe gáras, Cd. Th. 124, 18; Gen. 2064. Ða Walas ádrifon sumre eá ford ealne mid scearpum pílum, Chr. Erl. 5, 10. Scearpre ðonne ǽni sweord, Ps. Th. 44, 4. Nǽdle scearpran, Exon. Th. 373, 33; Seel. 119. Scearpeste stánas cautes vel murices, Wrt. Voc. i. 38, 22. II. sharp to the taste, pungent, acid :-- Sió scearpe docce oxylapatium, Wrt. Voc. ii. 65, 50: Lchdm. iii. 304, col. 2. Meng wið scearpum ecede, i. 354, 22: ii. 72, 16. On wíne wel scearpum, 180, 16. Mettas ge drincan ða ðe habban hát mægen and scearp, 184, 10. Ðæs scearpestan wínes .v. sestras, 252, 8. II a. acrid :-- Ða yfelan wǽtan sceorfendan and scearpan, Lchdm. ii. 176, 20. III. sharp of speech (cf. sharp-tongued):--Hé biþ scarp and biter and swíðe wær on his wordum, Lchdm. iii. 162, 13. Wǽron hyra tungan tó yfele gehwam ungemet scearpe, Ps. Th. 56, 5. IV. sharp, keen, severe, of pain or of that which causes pain:--Syððan com se scearpa hungor and ádyde hí mid ealle, Chr. 1086; Erl. 219, 37. Biþ ðæt sár scearpre ðonne ðæs welmes sár, Lchdm. ii. 206, 3. V. sharp, rough (v. scearpness, III):--Ðǽr sint swíðe scearpe wegas and stánihte situ terrarum montoso et aspero, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 10, 25. VI. sharp, keen, active, strenuous :-- Ðá ásende hé him tó ðone scearpan here of Rómána ríce mid réðum wǽpnum, Homl. Th. ii. 302, 18: Homl. As. 61, 244. Ðá geceás hé him geféran ða ðe ǽgðer ge on heora dǽdum ge on heora gelǽrednesse frome and scearpe wǽron Godes word tó bodienne and tó lǽranne electis sociis strenuissimis et ad praedicandum verbum idoneis, utpote actione simul et eruditione praeclaris, Bd. 5, 9; S. 622, 25. VI a. of things, effectual, penetrating, cf. scearplíce:--Hyre (black horehound) miht ys scearp, Lchdm. i. 310, 7. Seó sunne scínþ mid hyre scearpan leóman, Homl. As. 43, 484. VII. sharp, keen, of sight:--Scearp gesihþ acies, Ælfc. Gr. 5; Som. 4, 14. Sió sýn hiþ ðý scearpre, Lchdm. ii. 30, 21. VIII. sharp, keen, acute, of understanding:--Scearp angyte acre ingenium, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 18; Som. 9, 66. Búton hé hæbbe swá scearp andget swá ðæt fýr, Bt. 39, 4; Fox 216, 28. Hú ðú eart gleáw and scearp, Exon. Th. 463, 27; Hö. 76. Sceal scearp scyldwíga gescád witan worda and worca, se ðe wel þenceþ, Beo. Th. 581; B. 288. Scearpe arguto, Wrt. Voc. ii. 9, 64. Tósceád simle scearpe móde in sefan ðínum, Exon. Th. 303, 1; Fä. 46. Ðá ongeat hé mid scearpre gleáwnysse ille, ut vir sagacis ingenii, intellexit, Bd. 3, 9; S. 533, 42. [O. Sax. skarp: O. Frs. skerp: O. H. Ger. scarf: Icel. skarpr.] v. beadu-, efen-, heoru-, mylen-, un-scearp.
scearpe; adv. Sharply, keenly. I. literal:--Ða fugelas ðe be flǽsce lybbaþ syndon scearpe gebilode the birds that live on flesh are sharp-billed, Hexam. 8; Norm. 14, 19. II. referring to seeing, observing:--Scearpe gesceáwian, Ps. Th. 93, 9. Se ðe ealra scearpost lócianne mæg, Shrn. 187, 1.
scearpe, an; f. A scarification :-- Ásleah áne scearpan on ðam dolge, Lchdm. ii. 142, 21: 144, 6. Stande on heáfde, ásleá him mon fela scearpena on ðám scancan, ðonne gewít út ðæt átter þurh ða scearpan, 154, 2-4. Wið onfealle: genim hæslenne sticcan oððe ellenne, wrít ðínne naman on, ásleah þrý scearpan on, gefylle mid ðý blóde ðone naman, weorp ofer eaxle oððe betweoh þeóh on yrnende wæter . . . Ða scearpan ásleá, and ðæt eall swígende gedó, 104, 6-11: 84, 4: 100, 4: 126, 21: 130, 10.
scearp-ecged; adj. Sharp-edged :-- God hét ðæt hé náme scearpecgedne flint, Homl. Th. i. 92, 33.
scearpian; p. ode To scarify, make an incision in the skin :-- Scearpa him ða scancan, Lchdm. ii. 46, 24: 76, 13: 126, 20. Scearpige and smire mid hátan ele, 130, 7: 284, 8. Ðú scealt ymb .iii. niht scearpian, 264, 1. Scearpigean, iii. 132, 31.
scearp-líc; adj. Sharp, keen, searching, effectual :-- Hwæt is sió þyrelung ðæs wáges búton scearplícu and smeálícu fandung ðæs módes ðæt mon onlúce ða heardan heortan quid est parietem fodere, nisi acutis inquisitionibus duritiam cordis aperire? Past. 21, 3; Swt. 155, 1. Ðonne hé him gecýð mid hú scearplícum costungum wé sint ǽghwonon útan behrincgde cum tentationum aculeos nos undique circumdantes innotescit, 21, 5; Swt. 163, 16. Hú ne gesceóp ðé se scaþa scearplíce bysne nonne exempla tibi dabat latro? Dóm. L. 53.
scearplíce; adv. I. sharply, keenly, smartly, effectually, quickly :-- Scearplíce efficaciter, velociter, Wrt. Voc. ii. 142, 56. Hyt ys gelýfed ðæt heó scearplíce gehǽle, Lchdm. i. 154, 9. Heó gehǽlþ ðæt sár tó ðam scearplíce, ðæt hé eác gán dyrre it heals the pain (gout) so smartly, that he may even venture to walk, 176, 8: 210, 9: Exon. Th. 209, 9; Ph. 168. II. sharply, keenly (of the mind):--Ða ðe meahton smeálíce and scearplíce mid hiera andgite ryht geseón qui videre recta subtiliter per ingenium poterant, Past. 11, 4; Swt. 69, 6. III. sharply, painfully :-- Scearplíce acerbatim, Txts. 181, 47. Stingaþ hine scearplíce on ðone múð, Wulfst. 141, 7.
scearpness, e; f. Sharpness. I. referring to the sight:--Scearpnes acies, Wrt. Voc. ii. 2, 19. Sió scearpnes ðæs æpples acies pupillae, Past. 11, 4; Swt. 69, 3. Seó scearpnes mínra eágena nis nú mid mé lumen oculorum meorum non est mecum, Ps. Th. 37, 10. Heó (betony) gegódaþ ðæra eágena scearpnesse, Lchdm. i. 72, 16. Hí ðæs módes eágena scearpnesse náuht gebétaþ tó ðære sceáwunga ðære sóðan gesǽlþe, Bt. 34, 8; Fox 144, 32: Met. 21, 24. II. referring to the mind:--On his módes scearpnesse aciem mentis, Past. 16, 1; Swt. 99, 9. Wæs hé náwiht hefig . . . ne hé cnihtlíce gálnysse næs begangende . . . ac on his scearpnysse hé weóx, Guthl. 2; Gdwin. 12, 13-20. III. roughness of surface (v. scearp, V):--Ealle wóhnyssa beóþ gerihte and scearpnyssa gesméðode, Homl. Th. i. 360, 34. IV. acidity, pungency :-- Sió scearpnes the acidity of the humours, Lchdm. ii. 28, 1. Ðæs ecedes afre scearpnes, 224, 22. Se líchama gefélþ ðæs sealtes scearpnesse, Wulfst. 35, 6. V. efficacy :-- For ðære sealfe scearpnesse (to make the salve effectual) genim wífes meoluc, ii. 28, 7. v. un-scearpness.
scearp-numol; adj. Efficacious :-- Ðeós wyrt ys swýðe scearpnumul (-el, MS. B.) níwe wunda and wíde tó gehǽlenne, swá ðæt ða wunda hrædlíce tógædere gáþ, Lchdm. i. 134, 10. Ðeós wyrt is swíðe scearpnumul wið ðæt áttor, 152, 3. Swá se lǽcedóm yldra byþ, swá hé scearpnumulra and hálwendra byþ, 242, 5.
scearp-síne, -siéne, -sýne; adj. Sharp-sighted :-- Gif hwá biþ swá scearpséne (-siéne, Cott. MS.) . . . swá swá Aristoteles sǽde ðæt deór wǽre, ðæt mihte stánas þurhseón . . . gif ðonne hwá wǽre swá scearpsiéne, Bt. 32, 2; Fox 116, 19-23. v. un-scearpsíne.
scearp-smeáung, e; f. A sharp, strict examination, argument :-- Scearpsméung argumentum, Mt. Kmbl. p. 12, 7. Scearpsmeáwunges argumenti, 13, 9.
scearpþanclíce; adv. Acutely, effectually :-- Scearpþanclíce efficaciter, Scint. 32.
scearp-þancol; adj. Acute, subtle :-- Ða scearpþanclan witan ðe ðone twýdǽledan wísdóm tócnáwaþ, Lchdm. iii. 440, 28.
scearpung, e; f. Scarifying :-- Lácna mid scearpinge, Lchdm. iii. 82, 23. Mid gelómlícre scearpunge, hwílum mid miclum, hwílum mid feáwum, 84, 2. Lǽcedómas and scearpunga wið sídan sáre, 262, 24.
scear-seax, es; n. A razor :-- Scearsex rasorium, Wrt. Voc. i. 35, 21. Scersaex novacula, Ps. Surt. 51, 4. Scirseax, Wrt. Voc. ii. 70, 17. Scyrseax, 60, 44: culter, 15, 58. Scyrseax scearp machera acuta, Blickl. Gl. Ða sacerdas ne sceoldon nó hiera heáfdu scieran mid scearseaxum (scier-, Cott. MS.) sacerdotes caput suum non radent, Past. 18, 7; Swt. 138, 14. [O. L. Ger. scar-, scer-sahs novacula: O. H. Ger. scar-, scher-sahs novacula, rasorium: cf. Icel. skar-öx a carpenter's adze.]
scearu, scyru, e; f. I. a cutting, shaving :-- Scaro tonsura, Wrt. Voc. ii. 70, 18. Gif preóst sceare misgýme beardes oððe feaxes, L. N. P. L. 34; Th. ii. 294, 27. II. a shearing of sheep:--Férde Laban tó his sceápa sceare ad tondendas oves, Gen. 31, 19. III. the ecclesiastical tonsure. v. L. Ecg. E. 152-154; Th. ii. 124, 9-24:--Tó sceares gefe ad tondendi gratiam (in 'oratio ad capilaturam'), Rtl. 97, 4: 95, 31. Ðá wǽron scorene ealle munecas and sacerdas on ðone béh Sc̃e Petres sceare, Bd. 5, 21; S. 643, 29. Tó reogollícum þeáwe rihtra Eástrena and scyre ad ritum Paschae ac tonsurae canonicum, 5, 22; S. 643, 38. Tó scare, 5, 22; S. 643, 38, note. Hér Eádberht Norþhymbra cining féng tó scære, Chr. 757; Erl. 53, 6. Ðæt hié heóldon ða ciriclecan scare, 716; Erl. 44, 19. Hé sceare onféng, Bd. 3, 18; S. 546, 10: 5, 19; S. 636, 26. Ða sceare onfón, 5, 21; S. 643, 22. Hé onféng preósthádes scare, Shrn. 50, 27. Ða ðe beóþ gehádode fram Scyttiscum bisceopum oððe fram Bryttiscum, ða ðe sceare nabbaþ swá óðre cyriclíce preóstas, L. Ecg. P. Addít. 5; Th. ii. 232, 17. Wé lǽraþ ðæt ǽnig gehádod man his sceare ne helige, L. Edg. C. 47; Th. ii. 254, 12. IV. a share, v. folc-, hearm-, land-, leód-, sceap-scearu.
scearu, e; f. The share; pubes:--Mannes scaru alvus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 10, 26. Scare ilium, i. 44, 45. Biþ ðæt sár on ða swíðran healfe on ða scare, Lchdm. ii. 232, 4: 232, 23. [Heo þuruh stihten Isboset adun into schere. Her seið seint Gregorie: 'In inguinem ferire est etc.' Þe ueond þuruh stihð þet scher, A. R. 272, 12-14. Schare pubes, Wrt. Voc. i. 183, 29. The shore le penul, 148, 17. Schere pubes, 246, col. 2. Schore, privy part of a man pubes, Prompt. Parv. 448. v. Lchdm. ii. Glossary.]
sceát, es; m. I. a corner, an angle (v. -scíte); applied to the earth or heaven, corner, quarter (cf. the Edda: Þeir görðu þar af himinn ok settu hann yfir jörðina með fjórum skautum. Hence himin-skaut the four quarters of the heavens; heims-skaut the poles):--Ðá wæs heora lár sáwen and strogden betuh feówer sceátum middangeardes, Blickl. Homl. 133, 33. From feówerum foldan sceátum ðám ýtemestum eorþan ríces englas bláwaþ býman, Exon. Th. 55, 6; Cri. 879. Lege on ða feówer sceáttas ðæs ærnes lay at the four corners of the house, Lchdm. ii. 142, 11. II. a projection, promontory (cf. sceáta):--Bætweónæ ða twægen brÍmfeldas andlang ðæs alarsceátæs (along the alder-covered piece of land which thrusts itself out into the fields) on ðonæ fúlan bróc, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 84, 12. III. a nook, corner, region (in the phrases eorþan, foldan sceát):--Is feor heonan eástdǽlum on æþelast londa . . . nis se foldan sceát mongum gefére est locus in primo felix oriente remotus, Exon. Th. 198, 1; Ph. 3. Sceal fromcynne folde ðíne síd land manig geseted wurðan eorþan sceátas with thine offspring shall earth be settled, many a wide land, earth's regions, Cd. Th. 133, 5; Gen. 2206. Foldan sceátas (sceáttas, MS.), 204, 33; Exod. 428. Ic ne wát hwǽr mín bróþor on wera ǽhtum eorþan sceáta eardian sceal I know not in what corner of earth my brother must dwell, Exon. Th. 496, 23; Rä. 85, 19. Hé ne métte middangeardes, eorþan sceáta (sceatta, MS.) mundgripe máran, Beo. Th. 1508; B. 752. Fyllaþ eówre fromcynne foldan sceátas, Cd. Th. 92, 26; Gen. 1534: 247, 25; Dan. 502. Drihten háteþ héhenglas béman bláwan ofer burga geseotu geond foldan sceátas, 302, 21; Sat. 603: Exon. Th. 445, 20; Dóm. 10. Faraþ geond ealle eorþan sceátas. Andr. Kmbl. 664; An. 332: Exon. Th. 309, 22; Seef. 61. Hé ne mæg ðone (hlísan) tóbrédan ofer ðás nearowan eorþan sceátas (cf. tóbrǽdan ofer ða nearwan eorþan áne. Bt. 19; Fox 68, 25), Met. 10, 17. IV. a lap, bosom :-- Gif ðæs módes forhæfdnes mid ungeþylðe ne áscóke ða sibbe of ðæm sceáte ðære smyltnesse nisi mentes abstinentium impatientia a sinu tranquillitatis excuteret, Past. 43, 3; Swt. 311, 15. Of midum sceáte (sinu) ðínum, Ps. Surt. 73, 11. Of his ðæm fæderlícan sceáte, Blickl. Homl. 5, 15. Gyld gramhýdigum on sceát hiora (in sinu eorum). Ps. Th. 78, 13. Ne mæg hé sceát áfyllan non implevit sinum suum, 128, 5. Gripon unfægre under sceát werum scearpe gáras sharp spears fixed cruel fangs within the breasts of men, Cd. Th. 124, 17; Gen. 2064. In sceát álegd ɫ bewedded ɫ befest desponsata (cf. gesceátwyrpe despondi, Wrt. Voc. ii. 25, 72, and Icel. bera, leiða á skaut of the ceremony which was a recognition of a child's legitimacy or of a person's adoption, v. Cl. and Vig. Dict. skaut, 3, and Grmm. R. A. p. 160), Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 1, 18. Gif hió óðrum mæn in sceát bewyddod sí if she be betrothed to another man, L. Ethb. 83; Th. i. 24, 5. IV a. the bosom, surface of the earth:--On ðone sélestan foldan sceátes (Thorpe would read sceáta, cf. III) ðone fira bearn nemnaþ neorxna wong in the fairest part of earth's surface, which the children of men call Paradise, Exon. Th. 225, 28; Ph. 396. Geond eorþan sceát over earth's surface, 331, 8; Vy. 65. Ic wát ðætte wile woruldmen tweógan geond foldan sceát búton feá áne (cf. went fulneáh eall moncyn on tweónunga, Bt. 4; Fox 8, 18), Met. 4, 52. Sió forme eld geond eorþan sceát (cf. seó forme eld ðises middangeardes, Bt. 15; Fox 48, 3), 8, 5. Ofer foldan sceát, Exon. Th. 428, 22; Rä. 42, 5. Ofer ealne foldan sceát, 5, 21; Cri. 72. Deófol gefeallaþ in sweartne lég under foldan sceát, 94, 2; Cri. 1534. V. a bay; sinus:--Wæs hé besenced on sumne sǽs sceát demersus est in sinu maris, Bd. 1, 33; S. 499, 6. VI. a garment :-- Sceát vel heortes hýd nebris, Wrt. Voc. i. 26, 26. Ðá ástód hé semninga and getogene ðý wǽpne under his sceáte rǽsde on ðone cyning (cf. Icel. hann hafði und skauti sér leyniliga handöxi) exsurrexit repente, et evaginata sub vests sica, impetum fecit in regem, Bd. 2, 9; S. 511, 21: Exon. Th. 431, 3; Rä. 45, 2: 391, 18; Rä. 10, 7. VII. a cloth, napkin :-- Sceát manuterium vel mantele, Wrt. Voc. i. 82, 38: ma[n]tile, 290, 72: ii. 56, 48: gausape, 41, 13. Ealle neádbehéfe þing, ðæt is. . . nǽdl sceát weaxbreda omnia necessaria, id est . . . acus, mappula, tabule, R. Ben. 92, 3. Ðæt hé Godes gifa ne becnytte on ðæm sceáte his slǽwþe. Past. 9; Swt. 59, 16. Nam ðǽre moldan sumne dǽl, gebond on his sceáte (inligans in linteo). . . Áhéng hé ðone sceát (linteolum) on áne studu. Bd. 3, 10; S. 534, 24-29. Seóþ eft mid sceáte óðres godwebbes, Lchdm. i. 332, 5. VII a. with the idea of concealment, cloak, fold :-- Ne mágon gé ða word geséðan ðe gé hwíle nú on unriht wrigon under womma sceátum, Elen. Kmbl. 1162; El. 583. [Goth. skauts; m. the hem of a garment, skirt: O. Frs. skát, skirt: O. H. Ger. scóz; m. f. gremium, sinus; scóza; f gremium, sinus, lacinia: Icel. skaut; n.] v. beód-, feder-, grund-, weofod-sceát, sceáta, scíte.
sceáta, an; m. I. a corner, angle:--Sicilia is þrýscýte (tria habet promontoria) on ǽlces sceátan ende sindon beorgas. Ðone norþsceátan man hǽt Polores . . . and se súþsceáta hátte Bachinum . . . and ðone westsceátan man hǽt Libeum . . . se þridda sceáta is án hund and syfan and hund syfantig míla westlang, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 28, 2-9. II. the lower corner of a sail (cf. sheet the rope fastened to the lower corner of a sail: Icel. skaut, skaut-reip the sheet of a sail):--Sceáta pes veli, Wrt. Voc. i. 63, 59. III. bosom, lap :-- Geond ealne ymbhwyrft eorþan sceátan, Exon. Th. 359, 26; Pa. 68. IV. a cloth, napkin :-- Hé geseah Godes engel drýgan mid sceátan s&c-tilde;i Laurentius limu, Shrn. 115, 23. [O. H. Ger. scózo; m. gremium, sinus: Icel. skauti a kerchief used as a purse by knitting all four corners together so as to make a bag.] v. preceding word.
sceát-codd, es; m. A bag, wallet, sack :-- Metefætels vel sceátcod sitarchia, Wrt. Voc. i. 16, 39. [Cf. Icel. skauti (given under the preceding word).]
sceáþ, scǽþ, e; f. A sheath :-- Sceáþ vagina, Wrt. Voc. i. 35, 19: 84, 25. Sweord of sceáþe átugon ða synfullan gladium evaginaverunt peccatores, Ps. Spl. 36, 14: Judth. Thw. 22, 26; Jud. 79. Of scéþe, Byrht. Th. 136, 37; By. 162. Ða sweord on heora sceáðum behýdde wǽron gladii reconduntur in vaginas, Prud. 72 a. Brugdon scealcas of sceáþum scírmǽled swyrd, Judth. Thw. 24, 38; Jud. 230. Scǽþum, Cd. Th. 120, 9; Gen. 1992. Hé áwende his swurd intó ðære sceáþe, Homl. Th. i. 482, 32. On scæáþe (scǽþe, MSS. A. B. C.), Jn. Skt. 18, 11. On hys scǽþe, Mt. Kmbl. 26, 52. [O. Sax. skéðia: O. H. Ger. sceida theca, vagina : Icel. skeiðir; pl. a sheath.]
sceaþa, an; m. I. one who does harm, a criminal, wretch, miscreant, an enemy :-- Sceaþa, deógol dǽdhata (Grendel), Beo. Th. 554; B. 274. Nú earttú (Satan) earm, sceaþa in fýrlocan feste gebunden, Cd. Th. 268, 19; Sat. 57. His feónd áfyllan ðe ðone scaþan (the assassin Eomer) sende, Chr. 626; Erl. 23, 34. Fýnd ɫ sceaþan inimici, Ps. Lamb. 9, 7. Gewítaþ, áwirgede woruldsorga, of mínes þegenes móde, forðam gé sind ða mǽstan sceaþan, Bt. 3; Fox 4, 24. Scyppend sceaþan onféngon syngum hondum, Exon. Th. 70, 2; Cri. 1132. Beraþ linde forþ in sceaþena gemong bear the linden shields forth into the press of the foe, Judth. Thw. 24, 17; Jud. 193. Wælstreámas (the waters of the Deluge) werodum swelgaþ, sceaþum scyldfullum, Cd. Th. 78, 32; Gen. 1302. I a. a spiritual enemy, fiend, devil :-- Se sceaþa (the devil who tempted Eve), 38, 14; Gen. 606, Sceaþa, Satanes þegn, Salm. Kmbl. 234; Sal. 116. Ðæt hé ús gescilde wið sceaþan wǽpnum, láþra lyge-searwum, Exon. Th. 48, 22; Cri. 775: Andr. Kmbl. 2584; An. 1293. Fǽcnum feónde hýrdes, sceþþendum sceaþan, Exon. Th. 85, 24; Cri.1396. Helle hæftling, scyldigne sceaþan, Salm. Kmbl. 257; Sal. 128. Sceaþan (the fallen angels) hwearfdon earme æglécan geond ðæt atole scref, Cd. Th. 269, 13; Sat. 72. In ðæt sceaþena scræf hell, 304, 20; Sat. 633. Scyldwyrcende sceaþan (the fallen angels), Elen. Kmbl. 1521; El. 762. II. a spoiler, robber :-- Sceaþa predo, Wrt. Voc. ii. 88, 66. Hé is þeóf and sceaþa ille fur est et latro, Jn. Skt. 10, l: Exon. Th. 54, 20; Cri. 871. Se sceaþa the thief (on the cross), Homl. Th. ii. 78, 18. 'Hwæt eart ðú ðe ðýn ansýn ys swylce ánes sceaþan.' Hé (the penitent thief) hym andswarode: 'Sóð gé secgaþ ðæt ic sceaþa wæs and ealle yfelu on eorþan wyrcende,' Nicod. 32; Thw. 18, 19-22. Hé (Judas) wæs gítsere and se wyresta sceaþa, Blickl. Homl. 69, 11. Swá swá tó ánum sceaþan (ad latronem) gé férdon, Mk. Skt. 14, 48: Lk. Skt. 22, 52. Sceaþena scip paro, Wrt. Voc. i. 56, 27. Hí habbaþ démena and sceaþena dǽda, Blickl. Homl. 63, 9. Óðer hine scyhte ðæt hé sceaþena gemót nihtes sóhte (cf. hé (Guthlac) menigfeald wæl felde and slóh and of mannum heora ǽhta nam, Guthl. 2; Gdwin. 14, 5-6), Exon. Th. 109, 31; Gú. 98. Gé hit dóþ sceaþum tó scrafum 'ye have made it a den of thieves,' Blickl. Homl. 71, 20. Hé wæs on mycelre frecednysse on wéstene betwux sceaþum, Homl. Th. i. 392, 7. Sum man becom on ða sceaþan ða hine bereáfodon homo quidam incidit in latrones qui etiam despoliauerunt, Lk. Skt. 10, 30. III. with a favourable meaning, a warrior :-- Scaþan onetton, wǽron æþelingas eft tó leódum fúse tó farenne, Beo. Th. 3610; B. 1803. Scaþan scírhame tó scipe fóron, 3794; B. 1895. [O. Sax. skaðo a robber, evildoer.] v. átor-, dol-, fǽr-, feónd-, folc-, fyrn-, gilp-, gúþ-, hell-, helle-, hearm-, leód-, lyft-, mán-, mór-, níþ-, sǽ-, syn-, þeód-, þeóf-, úht-, wam-, wícing-sceaþa, and next word.
sceaþa, an; m. Scathe, harm, injury :-- Cwæð ðæt sceaþena mǽst eallum heora eaforum æfter siððan wurde on worulde, Cd. Th. 85, 4; Gen. 549. [O. H. Ger. scado damnum, noxia, detrimentum: Icel. skaði scathe, harm, damage. Cf. Goth. skaþis wrong.] v. sceþþ[u].
sceaþa (?), sceáþ (?) a nail :-- Tácon ðara sceaðana (sceoðona, Rush.) . . . styd ðara scæððana figuram clauorum . . . locum clauorum, Jn. Skt. Lind. 20, 25. v. horn-sceaþa.
sceaþan; p. scód, sceód; pp. sceaþen. [This strong form seems almost confined to the poetry, the prose maiking use of sceþþan, q. v.] To scathe, hurt, harm, injure, (a) with dat.:-- Ðé ne sceaþeþ ǽnig, Ps. Th. 90, 7. Oft ic ó;ðrum scód, Exon. Th. 401, 22; Rä. 21, 15. Hé tóswengde líges leóman, swá hyra líce ne scód, 189, 16; Az. 60: 197, 9; Az. 187. Se ðe nǽngum scód, 90, l; Cri. 1467. Ðæt éce níþ ældum scód, 346, 5; Gn. Ex. 200. Ús hearde sceód freólecu fǽmne (Eve), Cd. Th. 61, 15; Gen. 997: 245, 17; Dan. 464. Sió hæleþum sceód (punished?), Elen. Kmbl. 1415; El. 709. Him ða cwyðe frécne scódon, Cd. Th. 96, 20; Gen. 1597. Scódun, Exon. Th. 134, 30; Gú. 516. Ðæt him feóndes hond æt ðam ýtemestan ende ne scóde, 129, 1; Gú. 414. Sceaþen is mé sáre, frécne on ferhþe. Cd. Th. 53, 31; Gen. 869. (b) with acc.:--Oft mec ísern scód sáre on sídan, Exon. Th. 485, 14; Rä. 71, 13. (c) without a case:--Ne ic ne scaþe (scaþeð, MS.) neque nocebo, Ps. Spl. 88, 33. Ðý læs scyldhatan sceaþan mihton. Andr. Kmbl. 2296; An. 1149. [Goth. skaþjan; p. skóþ.] v. sceþþan, sceaþian.
sceaþ-dǽd, e; f. A misdeed, crime :-- Scsæþdǽd facinus, Wrt. Voc. i. 21, 27. Sceþdǽd, ii. 39, 33. [Þat he hine awreke a þan awarriede uolke, þa hine isend hafden mid heore, scaðededen, Laym. 29578.]
sceaþel, e; f. A shuttle (?):--Hé sceal habban fela tówtóla . . . crancstæf, sceaþele, seámsticcan, Anglia ix. 263, 14.
sceaþenness, e; f. Injury, damage :-- Án wíf mihte gegán bútan ǽlcere sceaþenysse fram sǽ tó sǽ ofer eall ðis eálond ut etiam si mulier vellet totam perambulare insulam a mari ad mare, nullo se laedente valeret, Bd. 2, 16; S. 520, 2. Hé oft stormas fram his sylfes sceþenisse and his geférena scylde and wiðsceáf tempestates a sua suorumque laesione repellere consueverat, 2, 7; S. 509, 32.
sceaþfullíce, sceaþfulness. v. un-sceaþfullíce, un-sceaþfulness.
sceaþian; p. ode To hurt, harm, spoil, rob :-- Ne sceaþa ðú thou shalt not steal, Wulfst. 66, 18. Ðæt deófol tó swýðe ne sceaþige, L. I. P. 7; Th. ii. 312, 26. Gif hwylc þeódsceaþa sceaþian onginneþ, Th. ii. 310, 24: L. C. E. 26; Th. i. 374, 29. Scaðian, Wulfst. 191, 19. Se ðe wǽre sceaþigende (scaþiende), weorðe se tiligende on rihtlícre tilþe, 72, 12. [O. L. Ger. scathan; pp. ge-scathot: O. Frs. skathia: O. H. Ger. scadón nocere: Icel. skaða; p. skaðaði.] v. ge-sceaþjan; sceaþan, sceþþan.
sceaþung, e; f. Injury, damage :-- Ge landfeoh ge fihtewíte ge stale ge wóhceápung ge burhwealles sceatinge (sceaþinge ?) ge ǽlc ðæra wónessa ðe tó ǽnigre bóte gebyrie, ðæt hit áge healf ðære cyrcean hláford, Chart. Th. 138, 18.
sceát-líne, an; f. The sheet of a sail, the rope fastened to the lower end of a sail :-- Sceátlíne (sceac-, MS.) propes, Wrt. Voc. i. 56, 62: 63, 58. Cf. fótráp propes, 48, 25, and Icel. skaut-reip.
sceatt, es; m. I. property, goods, wealth, treasure :-- Scaet bona, Txts. 44, 157. Scet bona, scettas bon [i], Wrt. Voc. ii. 11, 22-23. Scættas bo[n]i, 126, 45. Hé cwæð ðæt ðé ǽniges sceates þearf ne wurde on worulde, Cd. Th. 32, 15; Gen. 503. Nys unc sceattes wiht tó mete gemearcod, 50, 24; Gen. 813. Nǽron hí bescyrede sceattes willan non sunt fraudati a desiderio suo, Ps. Th. 77, 29. [Swá manega gersumas on sceat and on scrúd and on bókes swá nán man ne mæi tæleln, Chr. 1070; Erl. 209, 14.] Hí námon ealle his wépna and gold and seolfor and ealle his sceattas ðe hí mihton geáxian, 1064; Erl. 194, 17: 1069; Erl. 207, 14: 1071; Erl. 210, 23. On geweald woroldcyninga ðæm sélestan ðara ðe sceattas dǽlde, Beo. Th. 3377; B. 1686. I a. of property which is paid as a price or contribution, price, gift, bribe, tax, tribute, money, goods :-- Anweald on sibbe smyltnesse gehealdan mid gefeohte oððe mid scette (by fighting or by paying tribute), Lchdm. iii. 436, 15. Ne wanda ðú for nánum scette for ðam médsceattas áblendaþ wísra manna geþancas non accipies munera, quia munera excoecant oculos sapientum. Deut. 16, 19, Æt ðam lande ðe arcebisceop gebohte mid his ágenan sceatte (with his own money), Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iv. 86, 10. Godwine geann Leófwine ðæs dænnes . . . æt ðon sceatte (at the price) ðe Leófsunu him geldan scolde, ðæt is, feówertig penega and twá pund and eahta ámbra cornes, vi. 178, 11: Cod. Dip. B. i. 544, 4. Hé begeat swíðe mycelne sceatt of his mannan . . . férde syððan intó Normandíge he (William) levied a large sum of money from his men . . . and afterwards went into Normandy, Chr. 1085; Erl. 219, 10. Mænige gefóþ hwælas and micelne sceat ðanon begytaþ multi capiunt cetos, et magnum pretium inde acquirunt, Coll. Monast. Th. 25, 3: Ps. Spl. 61, 4. Mænig welig man is ðe wolde mycelne scet and ungerím feós syllan, gif hé hit gebicgan mihte, Homl. Skt. i. 12, 101. Gif hit fácne is him man his scæt ágefe if the marriage-contract be fraudulent, what he has paid shall be returned to him, L. Eth. 77; Th. i. 22. 3: 78; Th. i. 22, 4. Gif man mannan ofsleá, ágene scætte and unfácne feó gehwilce gelde, 30; Th. i. 10, 4: 31-5; Th. i. 10, 7. Abram underféng fela sceatta for hire hé hæfde ðá on orfe and on þeówum on olfendum and on assum micele ǽhte Abram bene usi sunt propter illam, fueruntque ei oves et boves et asini et servi et cameli, Gen. 12, 16. Ða bodan cómon mid sceattum habentes divinationis pretium in manibus, Num. 22, 7. Gif ðú ðæt gerǽdest, ðæt ðú wille syllan sǽmannum feoh . . . wé willaþ mid ðám sceattum ús tó scype gangan, Byrht. Th. 132, 62; By. 40. Hér fór se cyng ofer sǽ and hæfde mid him gíslas and sceattas (the contributions he had levied), Chr. 1067; Erl. 203, 34. ¶ Teóþa sceatt a tithe :-- Ðæs hereteámes ealles teóþan sceat sealde 'he gave him tithes of all' (Gen. 14, 20), Cd. Th. 128, 5; Gen. 2122. Bringaþ gé on mín beren eówerne teóþan sceat (Malachi 3, 10), Blickl. Homl. 39, 26: 53, 11. Ðonne lǽre ic eów, ðæt gé syllon eówre teóþan sceattas earmum mannum, 49, 19: 43, 3. Abram his teóþan sceattas (decimas) offrede, Prud. 5 a: L. Alf. 38; Th. i. 52, 31. II. a piece of money, a coin :-- Sceat obulum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 64, 78. Nis woruldfeoh ðe ic mé ágan wille, sceat ne scilling (cf. O. Frs. mit schat ende mit schillinge: O. H. Ger. scaz unde schillinch), Cd. Th. 129, 13; Gen. 2143. Ne þearf ic N. sceatt ne scilling, ne pænig ne pæniges weorð, L. O. 11; Th. i. 182, 9. Se mé beág forgeaf on ðam siex hund wæs smǽtes goldes gescyred sceatta scillingríme, Exon. Th. 324, 9; Víd. 92. Hí behéton hire sceattas dabimus tibi singuli mille et centum argenteos, Jud. 16, 5. Wé ðé mid ús willaþ ferigan. . . siððan gé eówre gafulrǽdenne ágifen habbaþ, sceattas gescrifene, Andr. Kmbl. 593; An. 297. II a. as the name of an English coin the word is found in the form scætt in the laws of Ethelbert of Kent. It is inferred from a comparison of passages in these that the value of the scætt in Kent was one-twentieth of a shilling, v. Thorpe's Glossary. The sceatt is also mentioned in the Mercian law, Th. i. 190, 5, where '30, 000 sceatta' is equivalent to '120 punda.' This would give 250 sceatts to the pound. In the Northern Gospels dragmas decem is glossed by 'fíf sceattas teásiðum,' while the West-Saxon version has 'týn scyllingas.' If the sums here given may be regarded as equal, the sceatt would be worth a West-Saxon penny, the value which it appears to have in the Mercian law. The coin then seems to be of different values in Kent and in the more northern parts of England. [Goth. skatts, GREEK, GREEK, GREEK: O. Sax. skatt money, property, piece of money:O. Frs. skett: O. H. Ger. scaz substantia, mobilia, pretium, lucrum, pecunia, aes, denarius, quadrans, obolus: Icel. skattr tribute.] v. feoh-, fere-, freó-, geþing-, gif-, mán-, méd-, ofer-, teóþing-, wæstm-sceatt; scír-gesceatt.
-sceatte, -sceattinga, sceát-weorpan. v. twí-sceatte, or-sceattinga, sceát, IV.
sceáwend-sprǽc, e; f. Buffoonery, the speech of the theatre :-- Sceáwendsprǽc scurrilitas (scarilitas, MS.), Wrt. Voc. ii. 96, 65. v. sceáwere, V.
sceáwend-wíse, an; f. A jesting song, song of a jester :-- Ic sceáwendwísan hlúde onhyrge, Exon. Th. 391, l; Rä. 9, 9. v. preceding word.
sceáwere, es; m. I. an observer, one who examines into a matter :-- Wé willaþ ðæt se sceáwre wite mid fullum geráde, ðe ðis gewrit áspyraþ, Anglia viii. 331, l. Ðone dóm ðæs sceáweres spectatoris judicium, Past. 15, 3; Swt. 93, 6. II. a spy :-- Hé sende sceáwere (scéware, Lind.) misso speculatore, Mk. Skt. Rush. 6, 27. Gé synd sceáweras exploratores estis, Gen. 42, 9, 14. Leáse sceáweras, Beo. Th. 511; B. 253. Moises sende twelf sceáweras, Num. 13, 4: Jos. 2, l. III. a watch-tower (?):--Sceáwere speculia (the word occurs in a list of military terms), Wrt. Voc. i. 36, 4. IV. a mirror :-- Sceáwere speculea (in a list of words connected with dress. Cf. Alse hit bi þe wimman and bi sheawere . ERROR hie bihalt hire sheawere . ERROR and cumeð hire shadewe þaronne, O. E. Homl. ii. 29, 10. Godes word is ase a uayr ssewere, ine huam me yziʒt alle þe lakkes of þe herte, Ayenb. 202, 21. Sheweres glasses (A. V.), Wick. Isaiah 3, 23), 40, 54. V. a buffoon, an actor (v. sceáwend-sprǽc):--Sceáwera scurrarum, ii. 90, 13. [O. H. Ger. scouwari spectator, contemplator, scrutator.] v. be-, fore-, steór-sceáwere.
sceáwian; p. ode. I. to look :-- Ic sceáwode tó swíðran considerabam ad dexteram. Ps. Spl. 141, 5: Ps. Th. 141, 4. II. to look at, observe, behold, see :-- Ðonne hé ðæs fácnes fintan sceáwaþ, Exon. Th. 315, 17; Mód. 32. Dryhten sceáwaþ hwǽr ða eardien ðe his ǽ healden, 105, 19; Gú. 25. Ðǽr hí sceáwiaþ Scyppendes giefe, 220, 28; Ph. 327. Ðǽr hit eágum folc eall sceáwiaþ in conspectu omnis populi, Ps. Th. 115, 8. Ðú ðæs eágan eall sceáwadest gesége fyrenfulra wíte oculis tuis considerabis, et retributionem peccatorum videbis, 90, 8. Sceáwode conspicatur, Wrt. Voc. ii. 18, 26: 80, 71. Ðá sceáwode Scyppend úre his weorca wlite, Cd. Th. 13, 21; Gen. 206. Hí sceáwodon Scyppend engla, 298, 18; Sat. 535. Ðé wæter sceáwedon viderunt te aquae, Ps. Th. 76, 13: Beo. Th. 265; B. 132: 1971; B. 983. Sceáwa heofon, Cd. Th. 132, 6; Gen. 2189. Ðæt ic ðín wuldur sceáwige ut viderem gloriam tuam, Ps. Th. 62, 2. Ðú ðínra bearna bearn sceáwige (videas), 127, 7. Ða mon mæg sceáwian gehealdene on Cantwara cyricean quae in ecclesiae Cantiae conservata monsirantur, Bd. 2, 20; S. 522, 10: Beo. Th. 1685; B. 840. Onwreóh ðú míne eágan, ðæt ic wel mǽge on ðínre ǽ sceáwian wundur, Ps. Th. 118, 18. Ðæt hé móste God sceáwian, Cd. Th. 297, 29; Sat. 524. Andgiettácen (the rainbow) sceáwigan, 93, 4; Gen. 1540. Ðæt mæg mon on bócum sceáwigean, hú monega gewin hé dreógende wæs, Ors. 1, 11; Swt. 50, 25. Hwylce ða nú synd tó sceáwigenne quales illi nunc appareant, L. Ecg. P. iv. 66; Th. ii. 226, 21. Tó sceáwianne, Exon. Th. 57, 7; Cri. 915. Sceáwiendum contemplantibus, intuentibus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 134, 83. III. to look at, look on with favour, to regard, have respect to :-- Ic sceáwiu wegas ðíne 'I will have respect unto thy ways' (A. V.), Ps. Surt. 118, 15. Hé hyra dǽde sceáwaþ God will regard the deeds of the charitable, Exon. Th. 106, 35; Gú. 51. Hé sceáwode ða eáþmódnesse his þeówene respexit humilitatem ancillae suae, Blickl. Homl. 7, 3. Sceáwa (respice) ðis folc, Ex. 33, 13. Cyning eallwihta Caines ne wolde tiber sceáwian 'to Cain and to his offering the Lord had not respect' (A. V. Gen. 4, 5), Cd. Th. 60, 9; Gen. 979. IV. to look at with care, consider, inspect, examine, scrutinize, reconnoitre :-- Sceáwaþ speculatur, Wülck. Gl. 250, 8. Ðá ðæt eall gedón wæs swá se geótere ðæm æðelinge ǽr behét se æðeling ðæt ðá sceáwode when all that was done as the founder (Perillus) promised the prince (Phalaris), the prince then inspected it, Ors. 1, 12; Swt. 54, 29. Se cyng sceáwode ðæt mádmehús and ða gersuman ðe his fæder ǽr gegaderode, Chr. 1086; Erl. 223, 27. Ðonne seó ádl cume ǽrest on ðone mannan, ðonne sceáwa his tungan, Lchdm. ii. 280, 8. Sceáwiaþ ða lilian hú hí wexaþ considerate lilia quomodo crescunt, Lk. Skt. 12, 27. Ic eów bidde ðæt ánra manna gehwylc sceáwige hine sylfne on his heortan, Blickl. Homl. 57, 33: 107, 13. Moyses sende and hét sceáwian Azer misit Moyses, qui explorarent Jazer, Num. 21, 32. Iosue ásende twegen sceáweras dígellíce and hét sceáwian ðæt land, Jos. 2, 1. Him ðá féran gewát land sceáwian, Cd. Th. 106, 33; Gen. 1780: Beo. Th. 2831; B. 1413. Hord sceáwian, 5481; B. 2744. Land sceáwigan, Cd. Th. 115, 16; Gen. 1920. Ðá ongon ic geornlícor ðá stówe sceáwigan and geond ða bearwas gongan igitur perambulare totum nemus incipio, Nar. 27, 20. Ceós ðé menn ðæt magon sceáwigean ðone eard mitte viros, qui considerent terram, Num. 13, 3. Gé cómon ðis land tó sceáwienne, Gen. 42, 12. V. to look out, seek for, select, choose, provide :-- Ðá sceáwode man þreó þegnas of ðam gemóte three thanes were chosen from the moot (to go on a certain business), Chart. Th. 337, 12. Gyf ðú énigne gódne heorde hæbbe ... sceáwa hyne mé; gyf ðú ðonne nánne swá gerádne næbbe, séc hyne óð ðú hyne finde, Shrn. 164, 31. Se ðe ðás gemót forbúge, ðonne sceáwige (scifte, MS. D.) man of ðam gemóte ða ðe him tó rídan, L. Edg. ii. 7; Th. i. 268, 15: L. C. S. 25; Th. i. 390, 18. Him Loth gewát wíc sceáwian óþ ðæt hié eorþscræf fundon Lot went seeking a dwelling, until they found a cave, Cd. Th. 156, 24; Gen. 2593. Drihtnes earc fór beforan him þrí dagas sceáwiende ða wícstówa providens castrorum locum, Num. 10, 33. VI. to shew (favour, respect, etc.), to grant, v. ge-sceáwian, I :-- Ðá geornde se eorl griðes and gísla ... Ðá wyrnde him mann ðera gísla and sceáwede him maim .v. nihta grið út of lande tó farenne then the earl asked for safe-conduct and hostages. ... The hostages were refused him, and safe-conduct during five days was granted him to go out of the country, Chr. 1048; Erl. 180, 11-14. [O. Sax. skawón to see, observe: O. L. Ger. scauwón, scouwón respicere, despicere: O. Frs. skawia, skowia to see, inspect: O. H. Ger. scawón, scauwón, scouwón videre, conspicere, intendere, considerare, contemplari, scrutari, speculari, perpensare, censere.] v. be-, ge-, geond-, ofer-sceáwian.
sceáwigend. v. leóht-, ofer-sceáwigend.
sceáwung, e; f. I. a looking at, contemplation, consideration :-- Embeþonc vel sceáwung circumspectio, Wrt. Voc. ii. 131, 27. Tó dígolnesse and tó stilnesse becom ðære godcundan sceáwunge ancorlífes ad anachoreticae contemplationis silentia secreta pervenit, Bd. 4, 28; S. 605, 11. Se biþ eallenga blind se ðe nóht ne ongiet be ðam leóhte ðære uplecan sceáwunge caecus quippe est, qui supernae contemplationis lumen ignorat, Past. 11, 1; Swt. 65, 7. Sceáwunga, 16, 1; Swt. 99, 2. For ðære sceáwungge ðara ungesewenlícra þinga invisibilium contemplatione, Swt. 99, 8. Tó ðære sceáwunga ðære sóþan gesǽlþe. Bt. 34, 8; Fox 144, 33: Met. 21, 24. Sceáwunge intuitu, Wülck. Gl. 250, 7. Sceáunge aspectu, Rtl. 74, 7. Ǽrest ic hyt leornode myd ðám eágum, syððan myð ðam ingeþance ... ac syððan ic hyt ongyten hæfde ðá forlǽt ic ða sceáwunga mid ðam eágum, Shrn. 175, 8. II. respect, regard :-- Nis scáwung heora deáþes non est respectus morti eorum, Ps. Lamb. 72, 4. III. reconnoitring, surveying, examination :-- Swíðost hé fór ðider, tóeácan ðæs landes sceáwunge, for ðǽm horschwælum, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 17, 35. IV. a spectacle, show :-- Al ðe here hiora ða ðe tógedre cómun tó sceáwunga ðæt ad spectaculum istud, Lk. Skt. Rush. 23, 48. Ðá hét Neron gewyrcean mycelne tor, and beád ðæt eall ðæt folc cóme tó ðisse sceáwunga (the spectacle of Simon flying from the tower), Blickl. Homl. 187, 13. V. a show, appearance, pretence :-- Under sceáwunge longes gibedes sub obtentu prolixae orationis, Mk. Skt. Rush. 12, 40. VI. as a technical term, the same as ostensio, which occurs L. Eth. iv. 2; Th. i. 300, 20, and is explained in Du Cange: Tributum a mercatoribus exigi solitum pro facultate ostendendi et exponendi merces in nundinis. Seáwing, scheáwing is mentioned as being granted to the church at Westminster by Edward the Confessor in English charters, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iv. 213, 11: 215, 7: and the form sceáwing occurs in Latin charters, Chart. Th. 359, 4: 411, 29. [O. H. Ger. scouwunga consideratio, contemplatio, tuitio, providentia, spectaculum, speculum.] v. blód-, for-, fore-sceáwung.
sceb, scecel. v. sceabb, sceacel.
scecgan (?); p. scægde To jut out, project, be distinguished. [Cf. Icel. skaga; p. skagði to project.] v. tó-scecgan.
sced, scédan, scedeht, scefe, Scéfing. v. scead, sceádan, sceadiht, scyfe, Sceafa.
Scede-land, Sceden-íg. The latter, occurring Beo. 3376; B. 1686, is the same as the Icel. Skán-ey, in Wulfstans narrative, Scón-ég (q.v.): the former (in pl.) seems to denote all the Danish or Scandinavian lands :-- Blæd wíde sprang Scyldes eaferan Scedelandum in, Beo. 38; B. 19.
scegð, scǽð, es; m.: e; f. A light, swift vessel :-- Scægð trieris, Wrt. Voc. i. 64, 1. Sceið, 56, 13. Litel scip vel sceigð scapha vel trieris, 47, 61. Ic gean mínre scǽðe for mínre sáwle intó Hramsége healfe ðam abbode and healfe ðam híréde, Chart. Th. 598, 9. Syððan hé tó lande cymþ, ðonne forlǽt hé ðæt scyp standan; for ðam him þincþ syððan ðæt hé mǽge ǽð bútan faran ðonne mid. Eáðre mé þincþ ðeáh myd scéðþe on lande tó farande, ðonne mé þynce mid ðám eágum bútan ðære gesceádwísnesse ǽnigne creft tó geleornianne, Shrn. 175, 11-15. Scehð liburnam, navim, Hpt. Gl. 406, 51. Hér bebeád se cyng ðæt man sceolde ofer eall Angelcynn scipu wircean; ðæt is ðonne of þrým hund hídum and of x hídon ǽnne scegð (scægð, MS. D.), Chr. 1008; Erl. 141, 18. See note. Scéthas curuanas (?), Wrt. Voc. ii. 137, 52. [A word taken from the Danes. Icel. skeið; f. a swift-sailing ship of war. v. next word.
scegð-mann, es; m. A member of the crew of a scegð, a Dane, a pirate (cf. wícing, sǽ-man, flot-man, scip-here and similar terms applied to the Danes) :-- Wícing vel scegðman pirata vel piraticus vel cilix, Wrt. Voc. i. 18, 59. Wícing oððe scegðman (scægð-, scǽð-, sceigð-) pirata, Ælfc. Gr. 7; Zup. 24, 9. Gif man secge on landes mann ðæt hé orf stǽle oððon man slóge, and hit secge án sceiðman and án landes mann (a Dane and a native Englishman), L. Eth. ii. 7; Th. i. 288, 8. Ægelsig þe Reáda and Winsig Scægðman, Chart. Th. 337, 17. v. preceding word.
scehdun, Exon. Th. 61, 6; Cri. 980. v. scildan.
scel, sceld (a shield), sceld (a fault), sceldig, scel-ége. v. scill, scild, scyld, scyldig, sceolh-íge.
scelfan; p. scealf, pl. sculfon To shake, quiver, totter :-- On ðyssum stapelum sceall ǽlc cynestól standan mid rihte on cristenre þeóde, and áwácie heora ǽnig, sóna se stól scylfþ ... áwácie se cristendóm, sóna scylfþ se cynedóm, L. I. P. 4; Th. ii. 308, 1-7: Wulfst. 267, 18. Ne hrisil scelfaeð, Txts. 151, 7. [Icel. skjálfa; p. skalf to shiver, shake, quiver.]
scellan; p. sceall; pl. scullon To sound, make a noise :-- Scylþ, cirmþ crepitat, resonat, Wrt. Voc. ii. 136, 72. [Cum qð þe culure wið schillinde stefne, Marh. 19, 19. O. L. Ger. ir-scal increpuit: O. H. Ger. scellan; p. scal, pl. scullun sonare, clangere, tinnire, crepitare: Icel. skjalla; p. skall, pl. skullu to clash, clatter.] v. scillan.
scelle glosses concisium, Wrt. Voc. ii. 105, 10: 15, 15: Wülck. Gl. 214, 7. [Cf. M. H. Ger. zer-schellen to shatter: Icel. skellr a loud splash; a smiting, beating. Or (?) cf. Goth. skilja a butcher: Icel. skilja to divide.] v. scellan, wael-scel.
Sceltifére (?); pl. The Celtiberians :-- Se mǽsta ege from Sceltiuérin ingens Celtiberorum metus, Ors. 4, 12; Swt. 208, 24.
scenc, es; m. A draught, cup :-- Scenc ðú sylst ús potum dabis nobis, Ps. Spl. C. 79, 6. Cælc ɫ scenc wætres caldes calicem aquae frigidae, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 10, 42. Drince scenc fulne, Lchdm. ii. 116, 21. Genim ðysse ylcan wyrte seáw ánne scenc (scænc, MS. H.), i. 110, 21. Nim þrý scenceas (scæncas, MS. B.) gódes wínes, 90, 19: 110, 10. [He lette heom bringen schenches of feole cunne drenches, Laym. 13461. M. H. Ger. shanc a cup.] v. medu-scenc.
scencan; p. te To skink (v. Nares' Glossary for instances of the use of this word), to pour out liquor for drinking, to give to drink (lit. and fig.) :-- Ðú scæncst potabis, Ps. Lamb. 35, 9. Ðæt góde wín ðæt hé scencþ nú geond his gelaðunge, Homl. Th. ii. 70, 11. Ðonne scencþ hé ða scylde mid ðære bisene ǽlcum ðæra ðe him ǽnges yfles tó wénþ cunctis mala credentibus per exemplum culpa propinatur, Past. 59, 5; Swt. 451, 24. Heó bær drincan and ús eallum þénade and scencte óð ðæt ðæt gereorde gefylled wæs obtulit poculum, coeptumque ministerium nobis omnibus propinandi usque ad prandium completum non omisit, Bd. 5, 4; S. 617, 26. Þegn, se ðe on handa bær hroden ealowǽge, scencte scír wered, Beo. Th. 996; B. 496. Feónd byrlade ðære idese, and heó (Eve) hyre were scencte, Exon. Th. 161, 12; Gú. 957. Mé þyrste, and gé mé scencton (cf. drincan sealdon, l. 21) ... Hwænne gesáwe wé ðé þurstigne, and wé ðé scencton? Homl. Th. ii. 108, 4-11: i. 336, 3: Wulfst. 288, 15. Ðá hí him betwih beadowíg scencton ðæs heofonlíces lífes dum sese alterutrum coelestis vitae poculis debriarent, Bd. 4, 29; S. 607, 17. Scencean propinare, Engl. Stud. ix. 40. Deáþes scencende drenc mortis propinans poculum, Hymn. Surt. 31, 15. [Nom heo (Rowena) ane bolle of ræde golde & heo gon scenchen, Laym. 14962. And tu . . . ne shennkesst nohht tatt wise, ne birrlesst tu þin hird, Orm. 15403. Þe drynke for to schenche, R. Glouc. 118, 12. Schenkyn drynke propino, Prompt. Parv. 445 (v. note). O. Frs. skenka : O. H. Ger. scenchen fundere, propinare, ministrare, porrigere: Icel. skenkja to serve drink, fill one's cup: cf. O. Sax. skenkio a skinker, cupbearer; O. L. Ger. skenki-vaz cyathus.] v. bi-, forþ-scencan.
scencel, scencen, gloss acrum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 10, 44: i. 16, 4.
scencing-cuppe, an; f. A cup in which drink is served: -- Heó bit ðæt hí findon betweox him twá smicere scencingcuppan intó beódern for hí Chart. Th. 536, 7. [Cf. O. L. Ger. skenki-vaz cyathus : O. H. Ger. scenche-bechar calix; scenche-naz poculum.]
scendan; p. de To put to shame, to abuse, insult, harm: -- Ic scendo confundam, Rtl. I. 25. Ðone scamleásan mon mæg ðý bet gebétan ðe hine mon suíður þreáþ and sciend (scent, Cott. MSS. ) impudentes melius corrigit, qui invehendo reprehendit, Past. 31, 1; Swt. 207, 6. Grendel nǽnegum áraþ leóde Deniga ac swefeþ ond scendeþ (? MS. sendeþ Leo, Heyne, Grein refer to sand, q. v., and would translate by feasts) Grendel spares no man of the Danes, but slays and puts to shame, Beo. Th. 1204;(ILLEGIBLE) B. 600. Ealne ðæne bysmor wé gyldaþ mid weorðscype ðám ðe ús scendaþ all the disgrace we repay with honour to those who bring shame on us, Wulfst. 163, 10. Hwilcan geþance mæg ǽnig man ǽfre geþencan on his móde ðæt hé tó sacerdan heáfod áhylde . . . and sóna dǽræfter hí scyrde oððe scynde mid worde oððe weorce injure or abuse them with word or deed, L. Eth. vii. 27; Th. i. 334, 36. Wé lǽraþ, ðæt ǽnig (ILLEGIBLE) gelǽred preóst ne scænde ðone sámlǽredan, ac gebéte hine, gif hé bet cunne, L. Edg. C. 12; Th. ii. 246, 18. Biscopas ná sceótan ná tó lǽwedum mannum ne ne scendan ná hý sylfe bishops shall not refer (their disputes) to laymen, nor bring disgrace upon themselves, L. I. P. 10; Th. ii. 316, 36. Giþyll scendende aura corrumpens, Rtl. 121, 40. Scend ɫ forhogod confunditur, spernitur, Hpt. Gl. 419, 4. Scende (confusi) wǽron ealle ðe mé yfel tó ǽr gesóhton, Ps. Th. 70, 22. ¶ With dat.: -- Se deópa seáþ mid wíta fela folcum scendeþ, Exon. Th. 94, 33; Cri. 1549. [Also ase þu wult schenden þene schucke, A. R. 316, 11. Men me wolden scenden, Laym. 14167. Shennd and shamedd, Orm. 1985. Uor to ssende and to destrue, Ayenb. 28, 22. Schendyñ confundo, culpo; schent culpatus, vituperatus, confusus, destructus, Prompt. Parv. 445, col. 1. O. L. Ger. scendan confundere: O. H. Ger. scenten.] v. ge-scendan.
scendele (?), an; f. Abuse, reproach: -- Fore scendla ɫ scending propter improbitatem, Lk. Skt. Lind. Rush. 11,8.
scendness, scendþ(u). v. ge-scendness, ge-scendþ(u) (Ps. Surt. 108, 29).
scendung, e; f. Abuse, harm: -- Scendung affliclio, Rtl. 86, 16. Fore scending propter improbitatem, Lk. Skt. Lind. 11, 8. v. for-scendung.
scéne, scén-feld. v. scíne, scín-feld.
scenn, e; f. (?) A plate of metal on the handle of a sword (?) (Worsaae, Primeval Antiquities, pp. 29, 49, notes that the handles of some of the early swords were covered with plates of gold. v. hilt) :-- Waes on ðǽm scennum scíran goldes þurh rúnstafas rihte gemearcod, hwam ðæt sweord geworht ǽrest wǽre, Beo. Th. 3392; B. 1694.
sceó a cloud (?) :-- Scearp cymeþ sceó wið óðrum, ecg wið ecge (of the coming together of clouds charged with electricity), Exon. Th. 385, 8; Rä. 4, 41. [O. Sax. skio : Icel. ský a cloud.]
sceó a shoe, sceocca, -sceód, sceófan, sceofl, sceógan, sceóh. v. scóh, scucca, scógan, scúfan, scofl, scógan, scóh.
sceóh; adj. I. shy, timid, fearful: -- Nú mín hreðer is hreóh, heówsíþum sceóh, Exon. Th. 354, 10; Reim. 43. II. wanton (?):-- Ðæs sción petulantis (peculantis, Wrt. ), Wrt. Voc. ii. 89, 24. [Lokeð þet ʒe ne beon nout iliche þe horse þet is scheouh, and blencheð nor one scheadewe . . . To scheowe heo beoð mid alle, þet fleoð nor ane peinture, þet þuncheð ham grislich uorto biholden, A. R. 242, 8-12, Schey or skey as hors, Prompt. Parv. 444, col. 2.. M. H. Ger. schiech fugax, pavidus. Cf. O. H. Ger. sciuhen expavescere, terrere: Ger. scheuchen to scare: scheuche a bugbear: Dan. sky fear.] v. next word.
sceóh-mód; adj. Fearful (wanton? ) of heart: -- Se synsceaþa tó scipe sceóhmód éhstreám sóhte, Exon. Th. 282, 32; Jul. 672. v. preceding word.
sceolh, sceol; adj. Oblique, wry: -- Of ðæm sceolan de scevo. Wrt. Voc. ii. 26, 67 : 85, 10. Sceolan scevi, 91, 47. [O. H. Ger. scelan strabo, strabus, obliquus: Ger. scheel: Icel. skjálgr oblique, squinting. Cf. skelly to squint (Yorks.).] v. next word.
sceolh-eágede; adj. Cross-eyed, squinting: -- Scelgégede strabo, Wrt. Voc. i. 75, 42. Sceolégede (scyl-, MSS. D. H. J.: -eágede, MS. J.) strabo, Ǽlfc. Gr. 9, 3; Zup. 36, 12. Scyleágede strabus, Wrt. Voc. i. 45, 56. Scylégede luscus, 43, 8. [Sculeiʒede, 89, 64. Dan. skel-öjed.] v. preceding and following words.
sceolh-íge; adj. Cross-eyed, squinting: -- Sceolhégi, sceolégi, scelége scevus, strabus, torbus, Txts. 98, 981. Sceolíge strabos, Wrt. Voc. ii. 92, 64. [Icel. skjól-eygr squinting.] v. preceding word.
sceolu, sceom-, sceón to shoe. v. scolu, sceam-, scógan.
sceón, scýan (?), scýn (?); p. de To go quickly, fly: -- Ðonne ic forþ sció when I depart (die), Cd. Th. 67, 20; Gen. 1103. Ðæt fýr scýde (scynde ?) tó ðám ðe ða scylde worhton, 232, 26; Dan. 266. [Cf. (?) Goth. skéwjan to go: O. H. Ger. scehanto vagendo, Grff. vi. 417; skihtig fugax, 418.] v. sceóh, and next word.
sceón; p. de To fall to a person's lot: -- Gif unc bán fordsíð scéet on Rómeweʒe if death be the lot of both of us on the journey to Rome, Chart. Th. 583, 29. Heom (heo, MS.) on riht sceóde (sceo, MS.) gold and godweb Iosepes gestreón gold and purple, Joseph's treasure rightly fell to the share of the Israelites (after the destruction of the Egyptians in the Red Sea), Cd. Th. 215, 21; Exod. 586. v. ge-sceón, and preceding word.
sceonca, sceond, sceóne. v. sceanca, sceand, scine.
sceóness, sciéness, scinness, scýness, scynness, e; f. Suggestion, persuasion, incitement: -- Seó scynnes biþ þurh deófol suggestio fit per diabolum, Bd. 1, 27; S. 497, 13. On scynnesse, S. 497, 24. Mid scýnesse, S. 497, 10. Deófol mid hire (the serpent's) ðære yfelan sceónesse and fácne beswác ðone ǽrestan wífmon. Blickl. Homl. 5, 1. Sió scyld ðe hiene þurh sciénesse (scinnesse, Cott. MSS. ) costaþ vitium, quod per suggestionem tentat, Past. 13, 2; Swt. 79, 22. Þurh scynnysse, Bd. 1. 27; S. 497, 12, 17. Hié swíðor fylgaþ deófles lárum and his sceónessum, Blickl. Homl. 25, 11. Uncysta cumaþ oft þurh deófles sceónessa, 19, 7. v. scýan.
sceop, sceoppa, sceoppend, sceór, sceorf. v. scop, scoppa, scippend, scúr, scorf.
sceorfan; p. scearf, pl. scurfon; pp. scorfen To gnaw, bite, scarify: -- Se (hiccup) cymþ of yfelum wǽtan slítendum and sceorfendum ðone magan. Gif se seóca man áspíwþ ðone yfelan bítendan wǽtan on weg, ðonne forstent se geohsa. Spíwe ðá deah ðám monnum ðe gihsa hié innan scyrfþ, Lchdm. ii. 60, 18-25: 176, 20. Gif hé geféle ðæt se geohsa hine innan sceorfe on ðone magan, 62, 10. Gærstapan frǽton ealle ða gærscíðas ðe bufan ðære eorþan wǽron ge furðon ða wyrttruman sceorfende wǽron locustarum nubes, exhaustis omnibus, ipsas quoque radices seminum persequentes, Ors. 1, 7; Swt. 38, 12. v. for-sceorfau; scearfian; ge-sceorf.
sceorp, es; n. Dress, apparel: -- Gemétte Machens his ágenne sunu mid purpurum gegieredne. Hé hiene ðá for ðæm girelan gebealg . . . and wénde ðæt hé for his forsewennesse swelc sceorp werede, Ors. 4, 4; Swt. 164, 33. Somnite áwendan on óðre wísan heora sceorp Samnites novum habitum sumentes, 3, 10; Swt. 138, 30. Of manegum landum máre landriht áríst tó cyniges gebanne . . . scorp tó friðscipe (apparel for those on board?), L. R. S. 1; Th. i. 432, 8. v. fyrd-, gúþ-, heoru-, hilde-, hleó-, sige-sceorp; ge-scirpla, scirpan.
sceorpan; p. scearp To scrape, to irritate: -- Gif man [hwæt?] sceorpe on ðone innaþ if anything irritate a man in the insides, Lchdm. iii. 44, 27. v. ge-sceorpan, and cf. sceorfan.
sceort, sceot. v. scort, scot.
sceót; adj. Quick, ready: -- Hweðer hé carful sý and sceót (gesceót, W. F.) tó godcundum weorce and tó hýrsumnesse si sollicitus est ad opus Dei, ad obedientiam, R. Ben. 97, 16. [Icel. skjótr swift.]
sceóta, an; m. A kind of trout, a shoate, shot [' Carew makes a distinction between the trout and shot. "The latter," he says, " is in a manner peculiar to Devon and Cornwall. In shape and colour he resembleth the Trowts: howbeit in biggnesse commeth farre behind him." The shoates with which is Tavy fraught. -- Browne's Brit. Past.,' E. D. S. Pub. E. Cornwall Gloss. Shote, a small kind of trout, W. Cornwall] :-- Hwilce fixas geféhst ðú ? . . . sceótan (tructos). Coll. Monast. Th. 23, 33.
sceótan; p. sceát, pl. scuton, sceoton; pp. scoten. I to shoot, (a) cast a missile, with acc. of missile :-- Ðæt yrre scýt his spere ongeán ðæt geþyld ira lanceam suam jacit contra patientiam, Gl. Prud. 20 b. Ða wǽpna ðe ðæt yrre scét (miserat), 21 b. Hig sceoton hyra strǽlas tó ðære hynde, Shrn. 148, 6. (b) to shoot (intrans. ) :-- Ic torfige oððe sceóte jacio, Ælfc. Gr. 28, 6; Som. 32, 38, Se ðe of flánbogan fyrenum sceóteþ, Beo. Th. 3493; B. 1744. Hé hygegár léteþ, scúrum sceóteþ, Exon. Th. 315, 22; Mód. 35. Hé on bord sceát, Byrht. Th. 139, 46; By. 270. Hé mid geǽttredum strǽle ongan sceótan wið ðæs ðe hé geseah ðæt hrýþer stondan, Blickl. Homl. 199, 19. II. to shoot an object, hit an object with a missile :-- Wyrd gást scýt, heó gár bireþ, Salm. Kmbl. 875; Sal. 437. Ðonne hié (the serpen) mon slóg oððe sceát, Ors. 4, 6; Swt. 174, 7. Hé ó;ðerne sceát. Byrht. Th. 135, 67; By. 143. Tó ðam ðæt hí mágon sceótan ða unscyldigheortan ut sagittent rectos corde. Ps. Th. 10, 2. Ðǽr læg secg mænig ofer scild scoten, Chr. 937; Erl. 112, 19. Gif ðú wǽre on fell scoten, Lchdm. iii. 54, 4-7. II a. where the weapon is the subject :-- Ðá ðone ilcan welegan mon se strǽl sceát, ðæt hé sóna deád wæs, Blickl. Homl. 199, 23. III. to shoot, make an object move rapidly, push (cf. to shoot a bolt) :-- Ðonne man ða sulh forþ drífe, and ða forman furh on sceóte, Lchdm. i. 404, 2. Belúcaþ ða ǽrenan gatu and tóforan on sceótaþ ða ýsenan scyttelsas, Nicod. 27; Thw. 15, 15. Hé lét dragan up ðæne deádan Harald and hine on fen sceótan, Chr. 1040; Erl. 166, 24. III a. to give a person help in escaping (cf. Icel. skjóta einum brott, undan to let a person escape) :-- Gyf hine man teó ðæt hé hine (the criminal) út sceóte, L. Edg. H. 6; Th. i. 260, 9. IV. to shoot, move rapidly, dart, run, plunge, rush, (a) of living things :-- Swá swá déþ se ðe his feóndum ofer sumne weall ætfleón wile, ðonne cépþ hé hwǽr se weall unhéhst sý, and ðǽr ofer scýt, Homl. Th. i. 484, 11. Hé scét innan sǽ misit se in mare, Jn. Skt. 21, 7. Hé unscrýdde hine sylfne and scǽt into ðam mere, Homl. Skt. i. 11, 211. Án culfre scǽt (sceát, MS. V.) of ðam fýre into ðære eá, 3, 73. Hi ánmódlíce him tó scuton they ran upon him with one accord (Acts vii. 57), Homl. Th. i. 46, 34: 404, 4: ii. 496, 19. Seó dene wæs áfylled mid manna sáwlum ða scuton of ðam fýre into ðam cyle (utrumque latus erat animabus hominum plenum, quae vicissim hinc inde videbantur quasi tempestatis impetu jactari, Bd. 5, 12), 350, 10. Gif ðú Godes sunu sý, sceót ádún (mitte te deorsum, Mt. 4, 6) ... Ðæt wǽre swíðe gilplíc dǽd, gif Grist scute ðá ádún, i. 170, 1, 21. (b) of inanimate things :-- On ða burnan ðe of ðam munt scýtt in torrentem, qui de monte descendit, Deut. 9, 21. Ðǽr sciét se Wendelsǽ up of ðæm gársecge Tyrrheni maris faucibus oceani aestus immittitur, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 8, 25. Scýt, Swt. 8, 32. Seó eá scýt út on ðone gársecg, Swt. 14, 14. Ðǽr ocærburna útt scýt on sǽ, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 175, 31: 424, 4. Seó lacu út scyt, 422, 14, 26. Ðonne ða wolcnan sceótaþ betweón hyre (the sun) and ðé, Shrn. 201, 25. Him on gafol forlét feówer wellan scíre sceótan, Exon. Th. 420, 1; Rä. 39, 4. (c) of speech :-- Hé ðæs geanwyrde wes ætforan eallum ðám mannum ðe ðǽr gegaderode wǽron, ðeáh him ðæt word of scute his unnþances though the remark burst from him involuntarily, Chr. 1055; Erl. 189, 6. V. to run (of a road, etc.) :-- On ðam wege ðe scýtt tó ðam pytte per viam, quae ducit ad puteum, Gen. 24, 62. Tó ðere fyrh ðe scýt súþrihte tó ðære miclan strǽt ... Óþ ðone weg ðe scýt tó fealuwes leá ... tó ðam wege ðe scýt tó ðam hricgge, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 422, 4-19, 20, 25. Óþ ðæt se weall eást sciát, ii. 86, 20. VI. to refer a case to a person or court :-- Ðus wrát Hieronimus. Gif hwá elles secge, wé sceótaþ tó him, Homl. Th. ii. 306, 19. Ðá nolde he, bútan hit man sceóte tó scíregemóte, Chart. Th. 288, 19. Gif preóst dóm tó lǽwedum sceóte, ðe hé tó gehádedum scolde, L. N. P. L. 5; Th. ii. 290, 22. Wé lǽraþ, ðæt nán sacu ðe betweox preóstan sí ne beó gescoten tó woruldmanna sóme, ac séman heora ágene geféran, oððe sceótan tó ðam biscope, L. Edg. C. 7; Th. ii. 246, 5: L. I. P. 10; Th. ii. 316, 36. Se engel andwyrde: Uton sceótan tó Godes dóme, Homl. Th. ii. 338, 33. VII. to advance money, contribute, pay (cf. scot) :-- Hé forgeaf Middel-Sexon ðæt feoh ðæt hé heom fore sceát, Chart. Th. 551, 12. Sceóte ǽlc gegylda ǽnne gyldsester fulne clǽnes hwǽtes, 606, 6. Sceóte man ælmessan, Wulfst. 170, 18. Sceóte man æt ǽghwilcre híde pænig oððe pæniges weorð, 181, 4. Wé cwǽdon ðæt úre ǽlc scute .iiii. pæng tó úre gemǽne þearfe ... and forgyldon ðæt yrfe ðe syððan genumen wǽre ðe wé ðæt feoh scuton, L. Ath. V. 2; Th. i. 230, 15-17. VIII. to shoot (of sharp pain) :-- Wið sceótendum wenne, Lchdm. ii. 324, 25: iii. 30, 3. [O. Frs. skiata to shoot: O. H. Ger. sciozan jaculari, sagittare, ferire: Icel. skjóta to shoot with a weapon (dat.); to push quickly; to refer a case to (til) another; to pay.] v. á-, be-, for-, ge-, of-, óþ-, þurh-, un-, under-sceótan; scotian.
sceótend, es; m. One who shoots, a warrior :-- Sceótend wǽron gúþe gegremede, Judth. Thw. 26, 2; Jud. 305: Beo. Th. 1411; B. 703: Met. 1, 11. Sceótend sendaþ flángeweorc, Exon. Th. 42, 20; Cri. 675. Hlyn scylda and sceafta, sceótendra fyll, Cd. Th. 124, 14; Gen. 2062. Ofer sceótendum, 184, 24; Exod. 112: 129, 14; Gen. 2143.
sceoþa, sceó-þwang, sceotian, Sceottas, sceotung, sceóung, sceó-wyrhta. v. sceaþa, scóh-þwang, scotian, Scottas, scotung, scóung, scóh-wyrhta.
scép, scepen, sceppan, scer, scér. v. sceáp, scypen, scippan, scear, sceár.
sceran, sciran, sceoran; p. scær, scear; pl. scǽron, sceáron; pp. scoren. I. to cut, shear :-- Ðonne sweord swín ofer helme scireþ, Beo. Th. 3579; B. 1287. Hæleþ higerófe linde heówon, scildburh scǽron, Judth. Thw. 26, 2; Jud. 305. Lǽtaþ íren ecgheard ealdorgeard sceoran, Andr. Kmbl. 2364; An. 1183. Ðæt hi hlípen unwillende on ðæt scorene clif unþeáwa quia per multa etiam, quae non appetunt, iniquitatum abrupta rapiuntur. Past. 33, 1; Swt. 215, 8. Scearde scúrbeorge, scorene, gedrorene, Exon. Th. 476, 10; Ruin. 5. Scorenum rassis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 84, 77. II. to shave hair :-- Ic scere tondeo, Ælfc. Gr. 26, 6; Som. 29, 9: rado, 28, 4; Som. 31, 24. Ǽghwá mín heáfod scireþ, Exon. Th. 482, 6; Rä. 66, 3. Ne hé his loccas mid sceárum wanode, ne his beard mid seaxe scear, Shrn. 93, 9. Ne gé eów ne efesion ne beard ne sciron neque in rotundum attondebitis comam, nec radetis barbam, Lev. 19, 27. Ne eówre hǽr ne sciron nec facietes calvitium super mortuos, Deut. 14, 1. Suíðe ryhte wæs ðæm sacerde forboden ðæt hé his heáfod sceáre (caput radere), Past. 18, 7; Swt. 139, 25. Heáfdu scieran mid scierseaxum caput radere, Swt. 139, 12. Se ylca preóst com tó Gúðláce, ðæt hé hine wolde scyran, Guthl. 7; Gdwin. 44, 20. Tó scearanne (beard) ad tondendum, Rtl. 97, 16. III. to cut the hair of the head :-- Heó scear hyre feax swá swá weras, and gegyrede hý mid weres hrægle, Shrn. 133, 13. IV. to shear sheep :-- Hí sculan waxan sceáp and sciran on hiora ágenre hwíle they shall wash and shear sheep in their own time, Chart. Th. 145, 13. Sceáp scyran, Anglia ix. 261, 10. Hé fór scép tó sciranne ad tondendas oves, Gen. 38, 13. [O. Frs. skera: O. H. Ger. sceran tondere: Icel. skera to cut.] v. á-, be-, ge-sceran.
scerden, scerian. v. scirden, scirian.
scericge, an; f. An actress :-- Sc̃a Pilagia wæs ǽryst mima in Antiochia ðære ceastre, ðæt is scericge (scéwicge (?) cf. sceáwere scurra; or scernicge (?), cf. O. H. Ger. scern scurrilitas, spectaculum; scernari scurra, histrio) on úrum geþeóde, Shrn. 140, 11.
scern, scerpan. v. scearn, scirpan.
scerran (?) (to harness an animal to something [ :-- Se yrþlingc unscenþ (-scerþ ?) ða oxan arator disjungit boves, Coll. Monast. Th. 20, 27. Cf. Ger. an-, aus-schirren to harness, un-harness.]
scerwen, scerpen (?) a scattering (?), sharing (?), giving (?) (cf. be-scerwan to deprive) :-- Denum eallum wearð cénra gehwylcum eorlum ealuscerwen there was a fine feast for all the Danes (?) (the reference is to the disturbance caused by the fight between Beowulf and Grendel), Beo. Th. 1542; B. 769. Myclade mereflód meoduscerwen (scerpen, MSS.) wearð æfter symbeldæge the flood increased; a fine feast was there after the banquet (the reference is to the flood which eame from the stone pillar, and swept away some of the Mermedonians. Cf. Ðæt wæs biter beórþegu: byrlas ne gǽldon ... ðǽr wæs ǽlcum genóg drync sóna gearu, 3063-3069; An. 1534-1537), Andr. Kmbl. 3051; An. 1528. v. Grmm. A. and E. pp. xxxvi, 133, and note to Wülcker's ed. of Grein.
scéte, scéþ, sceþ-dǽd, sceþeness. v. scíte, sceáþ, sceaþ-dǽd, sceaþenness.
sceþness, e; f. Hurt, harm :-- Hé eft férde bútan sceþnysse ǽniges sáres, Guthl. 16; Gdwin. 68, 27.
sceþþan; p. sceþede To scathe, hurt, harm, injure (a) with dat. :-- Ic nǽngum sceþþe, Exon. Th. 407, 9; Rä. 26, 2. Nǽfre him deáþ sceþeþ, 203, 23; Ph. 88. Ðonne þunorrád biþ, ne sceþeþ ðam men ðe ðone stán (agate) mid him hæfþ, Lchdm. ii. 296, 30: 162, 19. Ne sceþ ðé nán wiht, iii. 178, 25. Eów seó wergþu sceþþeþ scyldfullum, Elen. Kmbl. 619; El. 310. Ús seó wyrd scyþeþ, Andr. Kmbl. 3121; An. 1563. Nǽnig geweald deáþes him sceþþaþ leti nil jura nocebunt, Bd. 2, 1; S. 500, 21. Ðás þing sceþþaþ ðam eágum, Lchdm. ii. 26, 21. Him ðæt ne sceþede, Shrn. 84, 29: 131, 1: Beo. Th. 3033; B. 1514: Blickl. Homl. 161, 32: 169, 6. Ða sǽdeór hyre ne sceþedon, Shrn. 133, 11. Hú ðú sóðfæstum swíðast sceþþe, 263, 14; Jul. 349. Ðý læs him gielp sceþþe, Exon. Th. 43, 6; Cri. 684: 299, 11; Crä. 100. Ðam mon sceal sellan ða mettas ða ðe wambe nearwian and ðam magan ne sceþþan, Lchdm. ii. 278, 18. Ðý læs hí him and his freóndum sceþeden ne sibi suisque nocerent, Bd. 2, 7; S. 509, 35. Se líg ne mæg ná sceþþan ðisse fǽmnan, Shrn. 130, 32: Blickl. Homl. 129, 15: 221, 17: Ps. Surt. 104, 14: Cd. Th. 273, 33; Sat. 146. Scyþþan, Andr. Kmbl. 2096; An. 1049. Ðæt Scottas him nóht sceþþende ne áfuhton, Bd. 4, 26; S. 602, 25. (b) with acc. :-- Se lég ða stuþo sceþþan ne meahte flamma destinam laedere nullatenus sinebatur, 3, 17; S. 544, 33. Ne mæg him bryne sceþþan wlitigne wuldorhoman, Exon. Th. 196, 23; Az. 178. (c) without a case :-- Ic sceþþu nocebo, Ps. Surt. 88, 34. Regnþeóf ne lǽt on sceade sceþþan, Exon. Th. 453, 15; Hy. 4, 15: Beo. Th. 492; B. 243. Sceþþende nocens, Wrt. Voc. ii. 130, 12. Seó scæþþende wǽta, Bd. 4, 19; S. 589, 1. Ðú hýrdes sceþþendum sceaþan, Exon. Th. 85, 24; Cri. 1396. [Icel. skeðja; p. skaddi.] v. ge-sceþþan; sceaþan, sceaþian.
sceþþend, es; m. One who harms, a foe, adversary :-- His áras ús gescildaþ wið sceþþendra earhfarum, Exon. 47, 27; Cri. 761: 126, 23; Gú. 375. Sceþþendum adversaris, Rtl. 113, 40.
sceþþig, scæþþig; adj. Hurtful, noxious :-- Scyldig oððe scæððig (sceaþþig, MS. U.) sons, Ælfe. Gr. 9, 29; Zup. 63, 15. v. un-sceþþig.
sceþþigness. v. un-sceþþigness.
sceþþ[u], e; f. Hurt, injury :-- Wið fótswylum and sceþþum (scæþþum, MS. H. B.), Lchdm. i. 342, 18. v. sceaþa.
sceþwræc; adj. Hurtful, noxious, hostile :-- Ðæm (St. John) ne sceþede nǽnig scyld ðisse sceþwracan worlde, Blickl. Homl. 161, 33.
scía, an; m. The shin; crus :-- Scía crus, Txts. 54, 299. Scíu (scía, scíæ, Rush.) crura, Jn. Skt. Lind. 19, 31-33.
sciccels, sciccel, es; m. A cloak, mantle :-- Scicilse melote, mantile, veste, Hpt. Gl. 440, 72. Hé hine unscrídde ðam healfan scicelse ðe hé on hæfde, Th. Ap. 12, 22. Hé wæs mid horhgum scicelse bewǽfed, 13, 26. Hí scrýddon hyne mid weolcenreádum scyccelse (clamys), Mt. Kmbl. 27, 28, 31. Geteáh his seax and genam his sciccels ðe hé him on hæfde, tósnáð hine on twá, Blickl. Homl. 215, 6. Ðá tócearf hé his scyccel on twá, and hyne gesealde healfne ðam þearfendum men, Shrn. 146, 36. [Cf. Icel. skikkja a cloak.] v. next word.
sciccing a cloak, cape: -- Scicing, scinccing, scicging cappa, Txts. 50, 245. Sciccing, Wrt. Voc. i. 284, 64: ii. 13, 24. v. preceding word.
scíd (?) a course (?) :-- Scíd (ryne, MS. T. ) currus (cursus?), Ps. Spl. C. 67, 18. [Cf. (?) Icel. skeið a race, course.]
scíd, es; n. A shide (v. Halliwell's Dict. ), shingle, a piece of wood split thin, a billet: -- Scíd scindula (in a list de igne), Wrt. Voc! i. 284, 15 : 66, 41. Scídum scindulis, ii. 120, 12 : 80, 21. [Stickes kan ich breken . . . and kindlen ful wel a fyr . . . ful wel kan ich cleuen shides, Havel. . 917. Schyyd or astelle teda, asula, astula, Prompt. Parv. 446, col. I. Go shape a shippe of shides and of bordes, Piers P. 9, 131. O. Frs. skíd: O. H. Ger. scít: M. H. Ger. schít: Ger. scheit; n. : Icel. skíð; n. : a billet, firewood.]
scíd-hreác, es; m. A heap of shingles or billets: -- . iiii. foðera áclofenas ganolwyda tó scídhrǽce on hiora ágenre hwíle, Chart. Th. 145, 6. [Cf. Icel. skíða-hlaði a pile of firewood: Ger. scheiter-haufen a funeral pile.]
scíd-weall, es; m. A wooden fence, palings: -- Scídwealles eorþbyri vallum, Wrt. Voc. i. 37, 34. [From sæ to sæ eode þæ dich (the wall of Severus) . . . þer ufenen he makede scidwal, Laym. 10354. Cf. Icel. skíð-garðr wooden palings, a wooden fence.]
sciftan;, sciéne, sciéness, scieppend, scier-, scierpan, scife. v. scill, scíne, sceóness, scippend, scear-, scirpan, scyfe.
sciftan; p. te. I. to divide, separate into shares: -- Fón ða yrfenuman tó lande and tó ǽhtan, and scyftan hit swíðe rihte the heirs shall succeed to the land and property, and shall divide it with perfect justice, L. C. S. 79; Th. i. 420, 17. [Shift to divide, Sussex. A division of land among co-heirs is called a shifting, Halliwell Dict. Cf. Icel. skipta arfi, landi.] II. to appoint, ordain, arrange. Cf. shift used of a set of men which succeeds another in work that is carried on continuously, e. g. in a mine :-- Ðá scyfte man Beorn (Harold, MS., but cf. 1. 21: Ðá læg Godwine eorl and Beorn eorl on Pefensǽ) up ðæs cynges scipe ðe Harold eorl ǽr steórde, Chr. 1046; Erl. 174, 4. Moyses be Godes ágenum dihte rihte lage scyfte. Wulfst. 176, 8. Scifte man of ðam gemóte ða ðe him tó rídan those who may go to him shall be appointed from the meeting, L. Edg. ii. 7; Th. i., 268, 15. [Schyftyñ or part a-sundyr sepero, disgrego; Schyftyñ or partyñ or delyñ divido, partior, Prompt. Parv. 446, col. 1. Eter gate me his scyft, and þer me hi togesceodeð, O. E. Homl. i. 237, 30. Prestess and dæcness shifftedenn (arranged) hemm betwenenn whillc here shollde serrfenn first, Orm. 470.] v. ge-, tó;-sciftan (-scyftan).
-scígan in ge-scígan :-- Heora ǽlc sceal án .c. þearfendra manna fédan and ealle ða gescýgean (provide them all with shoes), Chart. Th. 616, 26.
scilcen[n], e; f. A female servant or slave, a woman of bad character: -- Hé gemacode ðæt seofon nacode wímmen urnon plegende on heora gesihþum, ðæt heora mód wurde ontend tó gálnysse þurh ðæra scylcena plegan, Hom. Th. ii. 162, 33. [Al nis bute ase a schelchine to sernien þe leafdi, A. R. 12, 24. M. H. Ger. schelkin serva.] v. scealc.
scild, sceld, scyld, es; m. I. a shield, a piece of defensive armour: -- Scyld scutum vel clipeus vel parma, lytel scyld pelta . . . scyld clipeus, testudo, lytel scyld ancile, ða læssan scyldas peltae vel parmae, Wrt. Voc. i. 35, 27-28, 57-59. . Scyld cetra, ii. 20, 9: pelta, 68, 4. Sceld scutum, i. 289, 30: Ps. Th. 75, 3. Scyld sceal gebunden, leóht linden bord. Exon. Th. 339, 15; Gn. Ex. 94. Scyld sceal cempan, 341, 22; Gn. Ex. 130. Rand sceal on scylde, Menol. Fox 534; Gn. C. 37. Næfde hé scyld (scutum) æt handa, ðæt hé ðone cyning mid gescyldan mihte, Bd. 2, 9; S. 511, 22. Nán scyldwyrhta ne lecge nán scépes fell on scyld, L. Ath. i. 15; Th. i. 208, ii. Ðǽr læg secg mænig ofer scild scoten, Chr. 937; Erl. 112, 19. Dynedan scildas, Judth. Thw. 24, 24; Jud. 204. Scylda parmarum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 96, 30. Eorles heregeata . . . ehta spera and eall swá feala scylda, L. C. S. 72; Th. i. 414, 7. Hlyn wearð on wícum scylda and sceafta, Cd. Th. 124, 13; Gen. 2062. Síde scyldas, randas regnhearde, Beo. Th. 656; B. 325. II. fig. a shield, protection: -- Scild mín beo ðú refugium meum es tu, Ps. Spl. T. 70, 4. Ðam biþ Dryhten scyld, Exon. Th. 229, 31; Ph. 463. III. scyld in the following passage is used of a bird's back (as being shield-shaped ? or can scyld here be connected with sculdor ? cf. (?) shield-bone = shoulder-blade quoted by Halliwell. Icel. skjöldr is used of shield-shaped things) :-- Is se scyld ufan frætwum geféged ofer ðæs fugles bæc, 219, 17; Ph. 308. [Goth. skildus: O. Sax. skild : O. Frs. skeld: O. H. Ger. scilt: Icel. skjöldr.] v. bóc-, ge-, pleg-scild.
Scild, es; m. The name of the ancestor of the Danish kings. His story is given in the opening canto of Beowulf. According to the Ynglinga Saga, c. 5, one of Odin's sons is Skjöldr. v. Scildingas.
scildan, scyldan, sceldan, sceoldan; p. de. I. to shield, protect, guard, defend: -- Ic hine scylde protegam eum, Ps. Th. 90, 14. Hwá forstandeþ hié, gif ðú hié ne scyldest? Blickl. Homl. 225, 19. Ne þearf him ondrǽdan ǽnig, gif hine God scildeþ, Exon. Th. 49, 6; Cri. 781. Se godcunda anweald hí scilde, Bt. 39, 10; Fox 228, 12 : Exon. Th. 195, 33; Az. 165. Mé nama Dryhtnes scylde, Ps. Th. 117, 12 : Cd. Th. 247, 31; Dan. 505. Ðara gásta ðe hine scildon defensiones spirituum bonorum, Bd. 3, 19; S. 548, 36. Scild úsig tuere nos, Rtl. 79, 16 : 84, 15. Him wæs lýfnesse sceald, ðæt hé him móste scyldan and besecgan, Bd. 5, 19; S. 640, 11. Scildende protegente, Rtl. 103, 34. Ðætte wé síe scildad defendi, 75, 5. Scylded beón tueri, Wrt. Voc. ii. 88, 59. ¶ Scyldan wið to shield from, guard against: -- Ic ðé wið weána gehwam scylde, Cd. Th. 131, 3; Gen. 2170. Wið ða speru hié hié scildaþ, Past. 35, 4; Swt. 245, 10. Mé sóðfæstnes mín scylde wið feóndum scuto circum-dabit te veritas ejus, Ps. Th. 90, 5. Scilde, Lchdm. ii. 238, 5 : Exon. Th. 126, 22; Gú. 375. Ða englas hine scildon wið áæs fýres frécennesse, Bd. 3, 19; S. 548, 32 : Exon. Th. 496, 4; Rä. 85, 9. Wé ús wið him sceldan ðæs ðe wé mihton, Nar. 14, 29. Ða wið flódum foldan sceldun (scehdun, MS.), 61, 6; Cri. 980. Hú hí hí sylfe scyldan sceolan wið deóflu, Blickl. Homl. 47, 22. Utan scyldan ús wið ðone hátan bryne ðe wealleþ on helle, L. C. S. 85; Th. i. 424, 15. Without an object: -- God, se ðe wið ofermægnes egsan sceolde, Cd. Th. 127, 28; Gen. 2117. Wé lǽraþ ðæt man wið heálíce synna scylde georne, L. C. E. 23; Th. i. 374, 7. II. to make a defence: -- Siððan hé his hyspinge gehéred hæfde ðá scylde hé ongeán swíðe ungeþyldelíce after he had heard his abuse then he made a defence in reply very impatiently, Bt. 18, 4; Fox 66, 35. v. ge-scildan.
scild-burh; f. I. a battle-array in which men stood shield to shield [cf. the account of the battle of Stamford-bridge: 'Siðan fylkti Haraldr Konungr liði sínu, lét fylkingina langa ok ekki þykka; þá teygði hann armana aptr á bak, svá at saman tóku, var þat þá víðr hringr, ok þykkr ok jafn öllum megin útan, skjöldr við skjöld.' Saga Haralds Harðráða, c. 92. When this arrangement is abandoned, they are said 'bregða skjaldborginni,' c. 95] :-- Wearð scyldburh tóbrocen, Byrht. Th. 138, 56 : By. 242. Hæleþ higerófe scildburh scǽron, Judth. Thw. 26, 2; Jud. 305. II. a city which affords protection, a city of refuge. v. scild, II :-- Sóðfæste men in heora fæder ríce scínaþ in sceldbyrig (heaven), Cd. Th. 283, 23; Sat. 309. Grimm would translate the word here by 'aula clypeis tecta,' and compares it with the description of Valhalla in the Edda, 'skjöldum þökt, lagt gyltum skjöldum, svá sem spánþak,' D. M. 662. [O. H. Ger. scilt-burg testudo.]
scildend, es; m. A protector, guardian, defender : -- Scyldend protector, Ps. Spl. T. 17, 21: Ps. Spl. 58, 12 : Ps. Th. 26, 2 : 83, 9: Blickl. Homl. 141, 14. v. ge-scildend.
scilden[n], e; f. Protection: -- Scildenne, scildinnae tutellam, Txts. 103, 2073.
scildere, es; m. A shielder, protector: -- Ðú eart mín scyldere protector meus, Ps. Th. 17, 3.
scild-freca, an; m. A warrior with a shield: -- Ðonne scyldfreca ongeán gramum gangan scolde, Beo. Th. 2071; B. 1033.
scild-hreóða, -hréða, an; m. Shield-covering, (1) a shield, buckler: -- Scinon scyldhreóðan, Cd. Th. 184, 26; Exod. 113. (2) the arrangement of shields as in the scild-burh, q. v. :-- Scyldréðan testudine, Wrt. Voc. ii. 96, 31. Sumum wíges spéd giefeþ æt gúþe, ðonne gárgetrum ofer scildhreádan (-hreoðan?) sceótend sendaþ (cf. the passage under scild-weall). Exon. Th. 42, 19; Cri. 675. v. bord-hreóða, and cf. hréðan melote, Wrt. Voc. ii. 56, 63.
Scildingas; pl. The descendants of Scild, or more generally the Danes. The word occurs often in Beowulf, and is also found in the compounds Ár-, Here-, Sige-, Þeód-Sciídingas. [Icel. Skjöldungar.]
scildness, e; f. A protection, defence: -- Scildnisse defensionis, Rtl. 41, 13: protectionis, 97, 18. v. ge-scildness.
scild-rída ( = hreóða?), an; m. A phalanx: -- Ðeáh hí wyrcen getruman and scyldrídan wið mé si consistant adversum me castra, Ps. Th. 26, 4.
scild-truma, an; m. A phalanx; testudo :-- Under þiccum scyld-truman subter densa testudine, Ælfc. Gr. 47; Som. 48, 29. Of sceltruman testudine, Hpt. Gl. 475, 66. [He makede his sceldtrume swulc hit weoren an hær wude. Laym. 16371. A scheltrone hec acies, Wrt. Voc. i. 240, 9.]
scildung, e; f. Shielding, protection: -- Ða deófellícan flán wurdon ealle ádwæscte þurh ðæs gewǽpnodan engles scyldunge. Homl. Th. ii. 336, 10. Scilding tutum, Rtl. 100, 3.
scild-weall, es; m. A shield-wall, the shields held by a line of soldiers: -- Ðonne strǽla storm scóc ofer scyldweall, Beo. Th. 6227; B. 3118. Cf. scild-burh.
scild-wíga, an; m. A warrior who bears a shield: -- Scearp scyldwíga. Beo. Th. 581; B. 288.
scild-wyrhta, an; m. A shield-maker: -- Sceldwyrhta scutarius, Wrt. Voc. i. 289, 31. Be scyldwyrhtum. Nán scyldwyrhta ne lecge nán scépes fell on scyld; and gif hé hit dó, gilde .xxx. sciɫɫ., L. Ath. i. 15; Th. i. 208, 9-11. Andlang flǽscmangara strǽte ðet it cymþ tó scyld- wyrhtana strǽte; andlang scyldwyrhtana strǽte eást eft ðæt hit cymþ tó Leófan hagan, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. vi. 135, 18-20.
scilfe, an; f. A shelf, ledge, floor:?-Gescype scylfan on scipes bósme (cf. With lower, second, and third stories shalt thou make the ark, Gen. 6, 16), Cd. Th. 79, 4; Gen. 1306. [Cf. Icel. Hlið-skjálf; f. Odin?s seat whence he looked out on all the world.]
Scilfingas; pl. A Swedish royal family, the Swedes:?-Helm Scylfinga (ðone sélestan sǽcyninga ðara ðe in Swióríce sine brytnade, Beo. Th. 4752; B. 2381: 5200; B. 2603. The compounds Gúþ-, Heaðo-Scilfingas also occur, and the singular Scylfing, Beo. Th. 4968; B. 2487. Scilfing, 5928; B. 2968. [Icel. Skilfingar; pl. the name of a mythical royal family; skilfingr a prince (poet. ), v. Grmm. D. M. 343.]
scil-fisc, es; m. A shell-fish:?-Monige sint cwucera gesceafta unstyriende, swá swá scylfiscas sint, Bt. 41, 5; Fox 252, 21. Mettas ðe gód blód wyrceaþ, swá swá sint scilfixas, Lchdm. ii. 244, 24. [Icel. skel-fiskr.]
scilfor; adj. Yellow, of the colour of gold:?-Of scylfrum hiwe flava specie, Wrt. Voc. ii. 149, 21. Of scilfrum flava auri specie, Hpt. Gl. 419, 23.
scilfrung, e; f. Shaking, balancing, swinging:?-Hwǽr com seó wlitignes heora ræsta and setla . . . and seó scylfring heora leóhtfata ðe him beforan burnon the swinging (?) of the lamps that burnt before them, Blickl. Homl. 99, 34. Scilbronge libramine, Wrt. Voc. ii. 88, 72. Cf. skelfan, and Icel. skjálfra to shake.
scilian; p. ode To separate, part, remove:?-Eádwerd cing scylode ix scypa of mále and hí fóron mid scypon mid eallon anweg King Edward put nine ships out of commission, and they went away ships and all, Chr. 1049; Erl. 174, 38. Cf. (?) áscelede (-scerede?) dividuntur, Hpt. Gl. 438, 50. [He wass skiledd ut fra þe follc þurrh halig lif, Orm. 16860. Our king, ERROR That wic men fra god sal schille, Met. Homl. 152, 9. Schyllyn owte segrego, Prompt. Parv. 446. Icel. skilja to separate, part, divide.] v. á-scilian.
scilig; adj. Shaly. v. stán-scilig.
scill, scell, scyll, e; f. I. a shell, shell-fish:?-Musclan scil conca, Wrt. Voc. ii. 15, 35. Scel. 105, 37. Scel echinus, i. piscis, cancer, 142, 24: 106, 75. Musclan ɫ scille de concha, Hpt. Gl. 417, 10. Scille vel sǽsnæglas conchae vel cochleae, Wrt. Voc. i. 56, 7. Scellum concis, ii. 15, 18. II. the shell of an egg:--Se rodor ymbféhþ útan eall þás niðerlícan gescæfte, swá seó scell ymbféhþ ðæt ǽg, Shrn. 63, 10: Met. 20, 174. Fæger swylce hé of ǽgerum út álǽde, scír of scylle, Exon. Th. 214, 4; Ph. 234. III. a scale of a fish, serpent, etc.:--Hió dyde sciella tó bisene his heor neohtum and ðus cwæð: Ǽlces fisces sciell biþ tó oðerre geféged sub squamarum specie de ejus satellitibus perhibetur: Una uni conjungitur, Past. 47, 3; Swt. 361, 17. Sumum (serpents) scinan ða scilla swylce hié wǽron gyldene. Nar. 13, 19. Ðonne hié (the serpent) mon slóg oððe sceát, ðonne glád hit on ðǽm scyllum, swelce hit wǽre sméðe ísen. Ors. 4, 6; Swt. 174, 8. Sindon ða scancan scyllum biweaxen crura tegunt squamae, Exon. Th. 219, 21; Ph. 310. Ne ete gé nánne fisc búton ða ðe habbaþ finnas and scilla, Lev. 11, 9. IV. a shell-shaped dish (?) or simply a shell:?-Nim león gelynde, mylt on scylle (a dish or a shell?), Lchdm. i. 364, 24. Wyrme on scille, ii. 42, 16: 310, 6. [Goth. skalja a tile: Icel. skel a shell.] v. ǽg-, oster-, sǽ-, weolc-scill.
scill; adj. Sonorous, sounding:?-Scyl wæs hearpe, Exon. Th. 353, 44; Reim. 27. [Cf. Heo song so lude and so scharpe Riht so me grulde schille harpe, O. and N. 142. With a shil vois, Parten. 1997. Schylle and sharpe acutus, sonorus. Schylly and scharply acute, aspere, sonore, Prompt. Parv. 446. Cf. O. H. Ger. scall sonus, sonitus; scella tintinnabulum: Icel. skillr a loud splash; skella a rattle.] v. next word.
scillan to cause to sound:?-Scyllendre concrepante, scyllende concrepans, Hpt. Gl. 518, 48. [O. H. Ger. scellan; p. scalta to cause to sound: Icel. skella.] v. scellan.
scilliht; adj. Shell (of fish):--Ðú scealt sellan scellihte fiscas, Lchdm. ii. 196, 21: 254, 19. Scellehte, 227, 17.
scilling, es; m. I. as a denomination of English money (uncoined), a shilling. The shilling appears to have been of different values in different parts of the country; in Wessex five pennies make a shilling: Fíf penegas gemacigaþ ǽune scillinge, Ælfc. Gr. 50; Som. 52, 8: and with this statement agree several passages of Henry I.?s Laws, e.g. c. 93, §§ 3, 19, where unus solidus=v denarii, duo solidi=x denarii. In Mercia four pennies go to the shilling. According to Mercian law (Th. i. 190) the ceorl?s wergild is 200s., the thane?s six times as much, 1200s., the king?s, which is six times the thane?s, is 120 pounds; so that 7200s.=120x240d., i.e. the shilling is four pennies. With this agrees L. W. i. 11; Th. i. 473, where it is said: Solidum Anglicum quatuor denarii constituunt. In the Norman time the shilling is twelve pennies. This reckoning seems to be taken in earlier times. v. riht-scilling and Ex. 21, 10. The word is of constant occurrence in the Laws and Charters; from the latter the following passage may illustrate the point that the shilling was a denomination of value, not a coin: Biscop gesalde six hund scillinga on golde, Chart. Th. 90, 21. It also occurs as a weight: Genim of ðysse wyrte petroselini swýðe smæl dust ánes scillinges gewihte, Lchdm. i. 240, 11. II. as denoting foreign money the word is used to translate various words:--Scylling numisma, Wrt. Voc. i. 57, 30. Scilling obelus, ii. 63, 68: stater, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 17, 27. Scylling (scilling, Lind., Rush.) dragmam, Lk. Skt. 15, 9. Nis woruldfeoh ðe ic mé ágan wille, sceat ne scilling, Cd. Th. 129, 13; Gen. 2143. Hundraþ scillinga centum denarios, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 18, 18. Þriim peninga &l-bar; scillinga, Jn. Skt. Lind. 12, 5. Þrítig scillinga triginta argenteos, Mt. Kmbl. 26, 15. Þúsend scyllinga on seolfre mille argenteos, Gen. 20, 16. Feówerhund scillinga (siclos), 23, 16. Hé hét heora ǽlcum fíftig scyllinga tó sceatte syllan, Homl. Th. i. 88, 4. [Goth. skilliggs: O. Frs. skilling: O. L. Ger., O. H. Ger. scilling solidus, aureus: Icel. skillingr.] v. mene-, riht-, wægn-scilling.
Scilling, es; m. The name of a poet:?-Wit Scilling for uncrum sigedryhtne song áhófan, Exon. Th. 324, 31; Víd. 103.
scilling-rím, es; n. A reckoning by shillings:?-Se mé beág forgeaf, on ðam siex hund wæs smǽtes goldes sceatta scillingríme a ring containing gold to the value of six hundred shillings, Exon. Th. 324, 10; Víd. 92.
scima, an; m. Shadow, gloom:?-Ne hér (in hell) dæg lýhteþ for scedes sciman, Cd. Th. 271, 15; Sat. 106. Hýdeþ hine ǽghwylc æfter sceades sciman, Salm. Kmbl. 233; Sal. 116. [Cf. Uualdandes craft seal thi scadouuan mid skimon virtus altissimi obumbrabit te, Hel. 279. M. H. Ger. scheme a shadow, mask; larva: Ger. schemen.] v. scimian.
scíma, an; m. Splendour, brightness, light:?-Ðonne ðære sunnan scíma hátast scínþ, Bt. 5, 2; Fox 10, 28: Cd. Th. 232, 23; Dan. 264. Ðæs leóhtes scíma wæs swá mycel cujus radius lucis tantus exstitit, Bd. 4, 7; S. 575, 17: 5, 10; S. 625, 9. Se scíma gástlícre beorhtnysse, Guthl. 2; Gdwin. 12, 22: Exon. Th. 44, 4; Cri. 697. Wuldres scíma scán, 179, 12; Gú. 1260. Mín se swétesta sunnan scíma, Iuliana, 252, 21; Jul. 166. Heó nǽnig dǽl leóhtes scíman geseón mihte ne minimam quidem lucis alicujus posset particulam videre, Bd. 4, 10; S. 578, 20. Sió beorhtnes ðære sunnan scíman, Bt. 34, 8; Fox 146, 4: 39, 3; Fox 216, 1: 4; Fox 6, 33. Metod æfter sceáf scírum scíman ǽfen, Cd. Th. 9, 5; Gen. 137. Ðá gesundrode Waldend sceade wið scíman, 8, 22; Gen. 128. Se móna gehrán mid his scíman (splendore) ðǽm treówum ufeweardum, Nar. 30, 7. God hira mód onliéht mid ðæm scíman (radio) his giefe, Past. 35, 4; Swt. 243, 21: 48; Swt. 369, 16. Fore scíman prae fulgure, Ps. Surt. 17, 13. Seó sunne scíman ne hæfde the sun was eclipsed, Bd. 3, 27; S. 558, 11. Swá ðæt ic mihte geseón swíðe lytellne scíman leóhtes, Bt. 35, 3; Fox 158, 29. Niht ne genípþ ðæs heofenlícan leóhtes scíman nox nulla rapit splendorem lucis amoenae, Dóm. L. 16, 254. Þýstro hæfdon bewrigen Wealdendes hrǽw, scírne scíman, Rood Kmbl. 107; Kr. 54. [Goth. skeima GREEK: O. L. Ger. scímo splendor, fulgor, nitor: O. Sax. dag-skímo: O. H. Ger. scímo splendor, fulgor, effulgentia, radius, fax: Icel. skími a gleam of light.] v. ǽfen-scíma.
scimian; p. ode To grow dark, (of the eyes) to be dazzled, bleared:?-Míne eágan scimiaþ lippio, Ælfc. Gr. 30, 5; Som. 34, 59. Swá ðæt nán man ne mihte for ðam mycclum leóhte hire on beseón . . . and swá hí hí geornlícor sceáwodon, swá scimodon heora eágon swíðor, Homl. Skt. i. 7, 153. Beóþ his dagas démde gelíce swá ðú on scimiendre sceade lócige, Ps. Th. 143, 5. v. scima.
scímian; p. ode To shine, glisten:?-Ic scímige (scíne, MS. W.) mico, Ælfc. Gr. 24; Zup. 138, 1. Scímande (scínende. Rush.) coruscans, Lk. Skt. Lind. 17, 24. Cf. Be hiora. hiwe . . . beóþ ǽblǽce and eal se líchoma áscímod (shiny), Lchdm. ii. 232, 2. [Þat hus schineð ant schimmeð, O. E. Homl. i. 257, 35. Schan (schimede ant schan, MS. B.), Marh. 2, 34. Wið schimmende sweord, 19, 30. Schiminde (schininde, other MS.) hire nebscheaft, Jul. 55, 4. O. H. Ger. scímit micat.] v. scíma.
scimrian to shine, glisten:?-Scymriendes wǽtes cerulei gurgitis, Germ. 401, 10. [Þat hus schineð ond schimmeð (schimereð, MS. T.), O. E. Homl. i. 257, 35. Hit schemered and schon, Gaw. 772. Þat eadi trume of schimerinde meidenes, H. M. 21, 34. Du. schemeren: Ger. schimmern; Swed. skimra. Cf. scimeringe crepusculum, Grff. vi. 512.]
scín, scinn, es; n. An extraordinary appearance, a deceptive appearance, a spectre, evil spirit, phantom:?-Scín portentum, Txts. 87, 1611. Scín fantasma, i. nebulum (-am?), Wrt. Voc. ii. 37, 43: 95, 65: prestigiis, 79, 5. Bócstafa brego bregdeþ sóna feónd be ðam feaxe, lǽteþ flint brecan scínes sconcan, Salm. Kmbl. 203; Sal. 101. Egsa ástígeþ monna cynne ðonne bláce (blace?) scotiaþ scríþende scín (the spirits of the storm) scearpum wǽpnum, Exon. Th. 385, 29; Rä. 4, 52. Swá biþ scinna þeáw, deófla wíse, 362, 4; Wal. 31. Scinnum scenis (cf. scina gríma, 94, 904), Txts. 97, 1831. Ðam deófle wiðstandan ðonne hé his wód scinn (wóde scín, MS. H.) tóbrædeþ to oppose the devil, when he spreads abroad his mad spirits (?), Wulfst. 80, 4. Cf. Ða hǽþenan deófle offrodon . . . and ða brǽðas ðæs flǽsces stigon upp on ǽlce healfe eall swilc hit mist wǽre . . . ða hǽþenan on swilcon deófolscíne (altered to -scinne) blissedon, Homl. Skt. i. 23, 39. Deófulscinnu þurh gebed beóþ oferswýþede demonia per orationem uincuntur, Scint. 7. [Cf. O. H. Ger. gi-scín fantasma. v. Grmm. D. M. 450, 867.] v. scinna and the compounds with scín-.
scín (?) brightness, shine. [O. Sax. (sunnon) skín: O. Frs. (sunna) skín: O. H. Ger. scín jubar: M. H. Ger. schín: Ger. schein: Icel. sól-, tungl-skin.] v. sun-scín.
scínan; p. scán, sceán To shine. I. lit.:-- Ic scíne splendeo, Ælfc. Gr. 26, 2; Som 28, 42. Sciénþ candescit, Past. 14, 6; Swt. 89, 1. Swá se lígræsc scíuþ (fulget). Lk. Skt. 17, 24 : Bt. 5, 2; Fox 10, 29. Ðonne seó sunne on heofone beorhtost scíneþ, 9; Fox 26, 15. Scýneþ ðes móua, Fins. Th. 13; Fin. 7. Ða steorran scínaþ beforan ðam mónan, and ne scínaþ beforan ðære sunnan, Bt. 39, 3; Fox 214, 30. Scaan ardebat, Wrt. Voc. ii. 101, 3. Scán, 7, 29. Se steorra (comet) scán iii. mónþas, Chr. 678; Erl. 41, 4. His ansýn sceán (resplenduit) swá swá sunne, Mt. Kmbl. 17, 2: Bd. 5, 12; S. 628, 13: Cd. Th. 185, 19; Exod. 125. Seó ród sceán swá heofenes tungol, Shrn. 149, 11. His ansýn eal sceán swá swá sunne, and his gewǽda scinon on snáwes hwítnysse, Homl. Th. ii. 242, 7. Hwǽr is seó eorðe ðe nǽ fre sunne on ne sceán? In ðære reádan sǽ, Salm. Kmbl. 198, 14. Wígbord scinon, Cd. Th. 207, 14; Exod. 466. Eoforlíc scionon, Beo. Th. 612; B. 303. Án cyn ys olocryseis, ðæt is on úre geþeóde gecweden, ðæt heó eall golde scíne, Lchdm. i. 242, 13. Hig scínon (luceant) on ðære heofenan fæstnysse, Gen. 1, 15. Sunnan leóma cymeþ scýnan, Exon. Th. 56, 18; Cri. 902. Scínende refulgens, Lk. Skt. 9, 29. Beorhtnes scínendes steorran fulgor stellae, Bd. 5, 12; S. 629, 5. Scínendes léges, 4, 13; S. 581, 15. Scínendum limpidis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 50, 34. II. fig.:-- Ðonne scínaþ ða rihtwísan. Mt. Kmbl. 13, 43. Se nama se ðe mid him swá lange sceán and bryhte nomen quod apud eos tam diu claruerat, Bd. 1, 12; S. 480, 39: 3, 13; ' S. 538, 39. Seó stów on ðære ðe ðu ðæt fægereste weorud on geóguþhádnesse gesáwe scínan and wynsumian locus iste in quo pulcherrimam hanc juventutem jocundari ac fulgere conspicis, 5, 12; S. 630, 15. Ðæt mód swá beorhte ne mót blícan and scínan, Met. 22, 35: 81. 35, 1; Fox 156, 2. Ðæt ðú móste hálig scínan, eádig on ðam écan lífe, Exon. Th. 87, 19; Cri. 1427. On wordum and on dǽdum beorht and scínende verbo et actibus clarus. Bd. 3, 19; S. 547, 4. On scínendre praepollenti. Hpt. Gl. 491, 1, [Goth. skeinan: O. Sax. skínan: O. Frs. skína: O. H. Ger. scínan: Icel. skína.] v. á-, be-, ge-, geond-, ofer-, ymb-scínan.
scin-bán, es; n. A skin, shin-bone :-- Scina vel scinbán tibiae, Wrt. Voc. i. 44, 72: 71, 58. [A schynbone sura, 247, col. 2. Oc (cervus) leigeþ his skinbon on oðres lendbon, Misc. 12, 359. M. H. Ger. schine-bein: Ger. schien-bein: Du. sheen-been.]
scín-, scinn-cræft, es: m. I. the art by which deceptive appearances are produced, magic :-- Ðis synt ða ídelnyssa ðisse worlde . . . scíncræft hae sunt vanitates hujus mundi . . . ars magica, L. Ecg. P. i, 8; Th. ii. 174, 34. Hié ne angeátan mid hwelcum scinncræfte and mid hwelcum lotwrence hit deófla dydon. Ors. 3, 3; Swt. 102, 17. Hé behét ánum drýmen sceattes, gif hé mid his scýncræfte (scín-, MS. O. ) him ðæt mǽden mihte gemacian tó wífe, Homl. Skt. i. 3, 365. Beó ic scyldig, gif ic his scýncræft ne mæg ádwæscan mid mínum drýcræfte, 14, 57. Hý wǽron tó sáre beswicene þurh ðæs sweartan deófles scíncræft, Wulfst. 198, 18. II. a magic art or trick :-- Scíncræfte praestigia, Wrt. Voc. ii. 66, 59. Wiccan beóþ tó helle bescofene for heora scíncræftum, Homl. Th. ii. 330, 29. Hí mid mislícum scýncræfton ðæt folc dwelodon, 482, 4. Hé wolde ðære fǽmnan mód on his scíncræftum onwendan tó hǽðendóme, Shrn. 135, I. Ðá cwǽdon hí, ðæt hí scinncræftas ne cúþan, 90, 10. Se sceocca eów lǽrþ ðyllíce scíncræftas, Homl. Skt. i. 17, 106. ¶ In the following the word is glossed as if it were scíncræftiga:-- Scíncræfta hierofhantorum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 43, 25: 82, 7: Hpt. Gl. 483, 7.
scín-cræftiga, an; m. A magician, sorcerer :-- Gif wiccan oððe wigleras, scíncræftigan oððe hórcwénan on earde wurðan ágitene, fýse hí man georne út of ðysan earde, L. Eth. vi. 7; Th. i. 316, 20.
scíne, sciéne, scéne, sceóne, scióne, scýne; adj. Beautiful, fair, bright :-- Is se forrynel fæger and sciéne, Met. 29, 25: Cd. Th. 41, 14; Gen. 656. Cwæð ðæt his líc wǽre leóht and scéne, 17, 26; Gen. 265. Wæsim wlitig and scéne, 30, 16; Gen. 467. Deór wundrum scýne (the panther), Exon. Th. 356, 30; Pa. 19. Is seó womb wundrum fæger, scír and scýne, 219, 16; Ph. 308. Mægþ scýne, Beo. Th. 6025; B. 3016. Se scýna stán, Andr. Kmbl. 1532; An. 767. On stede scýnum, Exon. Th. 70, 33; Cri. 1148. Ic ðé swá sciénne gesceapen hæfde, 85, 6; Cri. 1387. Hé forlǽrde idese sciéne, Cd. Th. 43, 34; Gen. 700. Hé geseah Euan stondan sceóne gesceapene, 35, 3; Gen. 549. Tó sceáwianne ðone scýnan wlite, Exon. Th. 57, 8; Cri. 915. Forhwon forléte ðú líf ðæt scýne, 90, 7; Cri. 1470. Sceóne lambru, Ps. Th. 113, 4, 6. Gimmas swá scýne, Exon. Th. 43, 27; Cri. 695: 219, 1; Ph. 300. Fuglas scýne, 237, 17; Ph. 591. Þurh ða scénan scínendan rícu ðæs Fæder per Patris fulgenti regna paratu, Dóm. L. 18, 294. Him wíf curon scýne and lægere, Cd. Th. 76, 5; Gen. 1252. Hyrsta scýne, Judth. Thw. 26, 9; Jud. 317. Hiwbeorhtra and scýnra. Exon. Th. 357, 10; Pa. 26. Wurdon ðín gesceapu scénran, Cd. Th. 32, 14; Gen. 503. Eue idesa sciénost, 51, 4; Gen. 821. Scénost, 39, 17; Gen. 626. Sceónost, 44, 5; Gen. 704. Engla scýnost, 22, 10; Gen. 338. [Feier and sceone (scene, 2nd MS.), Laym. 2299. Regan þ̄ scone (scene, 2nd MS. ), 3098. A steorrne . . . brihht and shene, Orm. 3431. Scone and faʒʒerr, 15665. A þusent fold schenre þen þe sunne, A. R. 100, 4. Heo as schene as schininde sunne wende up aloft, Marh. 19, 14. Emelye hire yonge suster schene, Chauc. Kn. T. 114. Æfter sharpe shoures moste shene is þe sonne, Piers P. 18, 409. Goth skauns : O. Sax. skóni: O. Frs. skéne: O. L. Ger. scóni lucidus: O. H. Ger. scóni splendidus, splendens, formosus, venustus, pulcher, speciosus: Ger. schön.] v. ælf-sun-, þurh-, wlite-scíne.
scinefrian to glitter :-- And scínefrian ac micare, Wrt. Voc. ii. 6, 33.
scínendlíc; adj. Clear, bright :-- Beorht ɫ scínendlíc ɫ leóht lucidum, Ps. Lamb. 18, 9. v. þurh-scínendlíc.
scínere, scinnere, es; m. One who produces deceptive appearances (v. scín), a magician :-- Scinneras emaones, Txts. 59, 746. Scíneras, scinneras scienicis, 98, 952.
scín-feld; dat. a; m. The beautiful, Elysîan field, applied to Tempe:-- Hwæt synt ða twegen men on neorxna wange? Enoch and Helias. Hwǽr wuniaþ hý? Malifica and Intimphonis (in Ternpis?), ðæt is on sunfelda and on sceánfelda (sceón-?), Salm. Kmbl. 202, 2. On scénfeldum in Tempis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 47, 16: 89, 72.
scín-gedwola, an; m. A delusion produced by magic, delusive appearance, phantom :-- Scíngedwolan nebulam, Wrt. Voc. ii. 61, 30.
scín-gelác, es; n. A magical practice :-- Hí ongunnon secgan ðæt hit drýcræftum gedón wǽre scíngelácum ðæt se stán mǽlde they said that it was done by the sorcerer's arts, by magical practices, that the stone spoke, Andr. Kmbl. 1531; An. 767.
scín-, scinn-hiw, es; n, A form produced by magic, phantom, spectre :-- Scínhiw prestigium, Wrt. Voc. i. 21, 61: fantasma, ii. 33, 82. Scínlác vel [scín]hiw fantasia, i. imaginatio, delusio mentis, 147, 42. Réþlic scínhiw ferale monstrum, 147, 53: Hymn. Surt. 142, 12. Ne eom ic ná scinnhiw (phantasma), swá swá gé wénaþ, Homl. Th. ii. 388, 26. Scínhiowes faniasiae, Ps. Surt. ii. p. 190, 11. Scínhiwe[s] phantasmate, Wrt. Voc. ii. 67, 5. Scínhiwe, 34, 1. Wiccecræftas, scínhiw prestigias, 66, 25.
scin-hosu, e; f. A shin-hose, a covering for the lower part of the leg, a greave :-- Scinhose ocreis. Hpt. Gl. 521, 5.
scín-lác, es; n. I. magic, necromancy, sorcery :-- Scýnláce necro-mantia, Hpt. Gl. 482, 74. Se mec gescyldeþ wið ðínum scínláce, Exon. Th. 255, 15; Jul. 214. Hí sǽdon ðæt hió sceolde mid hire scínláce (cf. mid hire drýcræft. Bt. 38, 1; Fox 194, 30) beornas forbrédan and mid balocræftum weorpan on wildra líc, Met. 26, 74. Twegen drýas ða worhton micel scínlác mid twám dracum, Shrn. 131, 29. II. a particular act of magic, a sorcery, delusion produced by magic :-- Hí ðæt hæfdon gedón mid yflum scínlácum, Shrn. 90, 10 : 75, 18. Ða ðe galdorcræftas begangaþ, and mid ðǽm unwære men beswícaþ, and hí áweniaþ from Codes gemynde mid heora scínlácum, Blickl. Homl. 61, 25. Scíndlácum, Shrn. 141, 27. III. delusion, superstition, frenzy, rage :-- Scínlác fantasia, i. imaginatio, delusio mentis. Wrt. Voc. ii. 147, 42. Ðætte gifearria from ðære stówe ǽlc scínilác and ymbcerro diúbles fácnes ut discedat ab eo loco omnis fantasia vel versutia diabolicae fraudis, Rtl. 120, 33. Næs his scínlác ne his hergiung on ða fremdan áne ac hé gelíce slóg and hiénde ða ðe him wǽron mid farende nec minor ejus (Alexander) in suos crudelitas, quam in hostem rabies fuit, Ors. 3, 9; Swt. 130, 19. Mánfulles scínláces fanaticae superstitionis, Hpt. Gl. 488, 41: 509, 39. Scínlác[e] superstitione, 500, 70. Sume Rómána wíf on swelcum scínláce wurdon and on swelcum wódan dreáme incredibili rabie et amore scelerum Romanae matronae exarserunt, Ors. 3, 6; Swt. 108, 25. IV. a delusive appearance, a spectre, apparition, phantom :-- Hí cwǽdon: Hyt ys scínlác dicentes: Quia phantasma est, Mt. Kmbl. 14, 26. Scínlác nebulo, Hpt. Gl. 501, 16. Scýnláce praestigia, 482, 74. Tó fleánne ǽlc scínelác díuoles ad effugdndum omne fantasma diaboli, Rtl. 100, 33. Ðeós wyrt (GREEK) scíneþ on nihte swilce steorra on heofone, and se ðe hý nytende gesihþ, hé sægþ ðæt hé scínlác geseó, Lchdm. i. 164, 6. Scínlác monstra, Wrt. Voc. ii. 56, 15: nebulones, Hpt. Gl. 501, 73. Wið deófulseócnysse and wið yfelre gesihþe, wulfes flǽsc gesoden. . . ða scínlác ðe him ǽr ætýwdon ne geunstillaþ hý hine, Lchdm. i. 360, 13-16. Ðý læs cild sý hreósende, oððe scínlác méte, 350, 13. Ða ðe scínlác þrowien etan león flǽsc; ne þrowiaþ hý ofer ðæt ǽnig scínlác, 364, 22. Scínláca praestigiarum. Hpt. Gl. 501, 68. Galdras praestigias, scínlác fantasias, 459, 16. Scínlácu gesihþ, gestreón of ungewéndum hit getácnaþ, Lchdm. iii. 204, 18. [O. H. Ger. scín-leih monstrum.] V. Grmm. D. M. 450.
scín-lǽca, -láca, an; m. A magician, necromancer, sorcerer :-- Scínlǽcan (-lǽcean, -lécan) nebulonis, Txts. 81, 1372: nebulis (nebulonis?), Wrt. Voc. ii. 60, 60: 79. 4. Ðæs leásan scínlǽcan falsi nebulo, 147, 2. Sabastianus ongon hine (St. Victor) nédan tó deófolgelde; ðá hé ðæt ne geþafede, ðá hét hé sumne scínlǽcan him sellan etan ðæt flǽsc ðæt wæs geǽttred, Shrn. 84, 27. Hí gefetton Escolafius ðone scínlácan mid ðære ungemetlícan nædran ðe mon Epithaurus hét horrendum illum Epidaurium colubrum, cum ipso Aesculapii lapide advenerint, Ors. 3, 10; Swt. 140, 9: 3, 10, tit.; Swt. 3, 19. Scínlǽcan magi, Wrt. Voc. ii. 39, 11. On helle beóþ ða scínlǽcan, ða ðe galdorcræftas begangaþ, Blickl. Homl. 61, 23. Ða fǽmnan ðe gewuniaþ onfón gealdorcræftigan and scínlǽcan (-lácan, MS. H.) and wiccan, ne lǽt ðú ða libban, L. Alf. 30; Th. i. 50, 10. v. two following words.
scín-lǽce, an; f. A woman who practises magic, a sorceress :-- Ðá cwǽdon Rómware ðæt heó wǽre drýegge and scínlǽce, Shrn. 56, 13.
scín-lǽc[e], -lác; adj. Magical, phantasmal :-- Hí him héton gefeccean tó Escolapius ðone scínlácan mid ðære scínlǽcan (-lácan, MS. L.) nædran, Ors. 3, 10, tit.; Swt. 3, 19. Álésedo from ǽlcum ongifeht scínelácum libera ab omni inpugnatione fantasmatica, Rtl. 98, 26. v. preceding words.
scín-líc; adj. Of the nature of an apparition, phantasmal :-- Suoefno and næhta scínelíco sompnia et noxia fantasmata (the glosser seems to have read noctes fantasmaticae?), Rtl. 180, 16.
scinn, scinnere. v. scín, scínere.
scinna, an; m. An evil spirit, spectre :-- Blace hworfon scinnan (the fallen angels) forscepene, sceaþan hwearfdon geond ðæt atole scref (hell), Cd. Th. 269, 12; Sat. 72. Ðæt hié leóda landgeweorc láþum beweredon scuccum and scinnum, Beo. Th. 1882; B. 939. v. scín.
scínness, e; f. Brightness, splendour :-- Ðe móna ne seleþ scínisse (splendorem) his, Mk. Skt. Lind. 13, 24.
scín-seóc; adj. Haunted by apparitions :-- Scínseócum men wyrc drenc of hwítes hundes þoste, Lchdm. i. 364, 4.
scinu, e; f. A shin :-- Scinu cruscula, Wrt. Voc. ii. 137, 20. Scina vel scinbán tibiae, i. 44, 72. Scyne oððe scinbán tibia (ae?), 71, 58. Scina, 65, 42. Scancan, scina tibias, Hpt. Gl. 482, 64. [O. H. Ger. scina tibia.] v. scin-bán.
sció, scioppa. v. sceón, scoppa.
scip, es; m. A patch, clout :-- Ne ásend nán man scyp (scep altered to scyp, MS. A.: ðæt ésceapa commisuram, Lind.) of níwum reáfe on eald reáf; elles ðæt níwe slít, and se níwa scyp (as before in MS. A. and Lind.) ne hylpþ ðam ealdan, Lk. Skt. 5, 36: Mt. Kmbl. 9, 16. Scyp (also scep, MS. A.: later MSS. scep, scyp) assumentum, Mk. Skt. 2, 21.
scip, es; n. A ship :-- Scip navis vel faselus, scipu rates, sceort scip naviscella vel cimba, vel campolus vel musculus, litel scip scapha, Wrt. Voc. i. 47, 55-61. Scip ratis, horsa scip ypogavus, swift scip archiromacus, sceaþena scip paro, ánbýme scip trabaria, 56, 11-28. Scip barca, ii. 12, 19: caraba, 22, 34. Foreweard scip prorostris, 68, 48. Scipes botm carina, scipes hláford nauclerus, i. 48, 3-4. Scipes flór fori vel tabulata navium, 63, 40. Lytlum scipe cimbula, ii. 22, 34. Scipe cercilo, 17, 72: 76, 30 (cf. aesc cercilus, 103, 56). Ðá wende hé on scype (scipp, Lind.) ascendens nauem, Lk. Skt. 8, 37. Scyp ástígan, Lchdm. iii. 184, 13. Swá eode hé on scyp, Bd. 4, 1; S. 564, 47. Scipu classes, Wrt. Voc. ii. 14, 46. Scypu (sciopu, Rush.: scioppu, Lind.) naues, Jn. Skt. 6, 23. Scipu (sciopo, Lind.), Lk. Skt. 5, 2: nauiculas, 5, 7. Scypo (scioppo, Lind.) naues, 5, 11. Sceopu, Ps. Surt. 47, 8: 103, 26. [Goth. O. Sax. O. L. Ger. O. Frs. Icel. skip: O. H. Ger. scif.] v. ǽrend-, ceáp-, fird-, flot-, for-, horn-, hýð-, lang-, pleg-, troh-, unfriþ-scip.
scip-bíme, an; f. A ship-trumpet :-- Scypbýman classicam tubam, Germ. 391, 48.
scip-broc, es; n. Trouble, hardship, or labour when journeying in a ship :-- Paulus him rehte hú myccle scipbrocu hé gebád on ðæm síþe St. Paul related to them the hardships he had undergone on his voyage to Rome, Blickl. Homl. 173, 6.
scip-brucol; adj. Causing shipwreck :-- Scypbrucules wæles nauifragi gurgitis, Germ. 401, 9.
scip-bryce, es; m. Ship-wreck, what comes ashore from wrecks :-- Ic habbe gegeofen Ælfwine abbod intó Ramesége . . . scipbryce and ða sǽupwarp on eallen þingen swá wel swá ic hit mé seolf betst habbe bí ða sǽrime áhwǽr in Engelande, Chart. Th. 421, 33. (Cf. L. H. i. 10, 1; Th. i. 519, 4 where among the rights (jura) belonging to the king naufragium is mentioned.) [Cf. Icel. skip-brot wreck drifted ashore.]
scip-cræft, es; m. Naval power, strength in ships :-- Swegen sende hider and bæd him fylstes ongeán Magnus, ðæt man sceolde sendan .L. scypa him tó fultume. Ac hit þúhte unrǽd eallum folce, and hit wearð gelet þurh dæt ðe Magnus hæfde micelne scypcræft, Chr. 1048; Erl. 173, 7.
scip-drincende (-drencende? see uére gidruncen mergeretur, l. 31) making shipwreck :-- Paulum scipdrincende gifriáde Paulum naufragantem liberavit, Rtl. 61, 33.
scipe, es; m. I. pay, stipend :-- Scipe vel bigleofa stipendium, Wrt. Voc. i. 20, 33. [Hi nolleþ paye þet hi ssolle, and hi ofhealdeþ þe ssepes of ham þet doþ hare niedes, Ayenb. 39, 5 (the word occurs several times in this work). Withholdyng or abrigging of the schipe or the hyre or the wages of servauntes, Chauc. Persones T. (De Ira). And cf. Ne mihte ic of þan kinge habben scipinge; ich spende mine ahte þa wile þa heo ilaste, Laym. 13656.] II. state, condition, dignity, office :-- Hæbbe ic mínes cynescipes gerihta swá mín fæder hæfde, and míne þegnas hæbben heora scipe (cf. se déma ðe óðrum wóh déme . . . þolige á his þegenscipes, L. Edg. ii. 3; Th. i. 266, 15-18) on mínum tíman swá hý hæfdon on mínes fæder, L. Edg. S. 2; Th. i. 272, 28. ¶ -scipe -ship, helps to form many nouns. [O. Frs. -skipe, -skip: O. Sax. -skepi.]
scipere, es; m. A sailor :-- Hé tealde ðæt his sciperes woldon wændon fram him, búton hé ðé raðor cóme . . . His sciperes geféngon hine and wurpon hine on ðone bát, Chr. 1046; Erl. 174, 13-18. [From Scandinavian(?). Icel. skipari a mariner.]
scip-fæt, es; n. A vessel in the form of a ship :-- Húseldisc patena, scipfæt cimbia (the word occurs under the heading nomina vasorum), Wrt. Voc. i. 25, 32. Cf. Hec acerra a schyp for censse, 230, col. 2. Wright has the following note on this entry: The nef, a vessel in the form of a ship, used in the church from an early period to hold the incense, as well as other articles.
scip-farend, es; m. A ship-farer, sailor :-- Aidan ðám scypfarendum (nautis) ðone storm tówardne foresægde, Bd. 3, 15; S. 541, 16. v. next word.
scip-férend, es; m. A sailor :-- Wǽron hié on gescirplan scipférendum onlíce, eálíðendum, Andr. Kmbl. 500; An. 250. v. preceding word.
scip-fird, e; f. A naval force or expedition, a fleet :-- Ðá ðeós scipfyrd (the naval expedition described in the preceding paragraph) ðus geendod wæs, Chr. 1009; Erl. 142, 15. Wé næfdon ða gesélþa ðæt seó scipfyrd nytt wǽre ðisum earde, 1009; Erl. 141, 26. Ðá cýdde man in tó ðære scipfyrde, ðet hí mann eáðe befaran mihte, Erl. 141, 33. See land-fird for other passages. [Humber King & al his fleote & his muchele scipferde comen on Albanaces londe, Laym. 2156.]
scip-firdung, e; f. A naval force or armament :-- Æt ðam ende ne beheóld hit nánþing seó scypfyrding ne seó landfyrding, Chr. 999; Erl. 134, 36. Burhbóta and bricbóta áginne man georne on ǽghwilcon ende, and fyrdunga eác, and scipfyrdunga ealswá, L. Eth. vi. 32; Th. i. 322, 32.
scip-flota, an; m. A sailor :-- Hettend crungun Sceotta leóda and scipflotan (the Danes), Chr. 937; Erl. 112, 11.
scip-forðung, -fyrðung, e; f. Preparation of ships :-- Burhbóta and bricgbóta and scipforðunga (-fyrðunga, MS. B.) áginne man georne (cf. wærlíc biþ ðæt man ǽghwilce geáre sóna æfter Eástron fyrdscipa gearwige, L. Eth. vi. 33; Th. i. 324, 3), L. C. S. 10; Th. i. 380, 27 v. scip-fyrðrung.
scip-fylleþ the private jurisdiction exercised over a group of three hundreds. The word occurs in a charter of Edgar granting to Bishop Oswald certain privileges connected with three hundreds, where in reciting the request that had been made to the king it is said: 'quatinus posset ipse (Oswald) cum monachis suis unam naucupletionem, quod Anglice scypfylleð dicitur, per se habere.' The grant of the request is then stated: 'Ego Eadgarus Oswaldo episcopo annuo et dono huius libertatis priuilegium . . . ut ipse episcopus cum monachis suis de istis tribus centuriatibus . . . construant (constituant, Chart. Th. 214) unam naucupletionem, quod Anglice dicitur scypfylleð oððe scypsócne, in loco quem ob eius memoriam Oswaldeslaw deinceps appellari placuit, ubi querelarum causae secundum morem patriae et legum iura iure discernantur; habeatque ipse episcopus debita transgressionum . . . et omnia quaecunque rex in suis hundredis habet,' Cod. Dip. Kmbl. vi. 240. The connection between the sense in which the word seems to be used in the charter and the meanings of the two parts of the compound may perhaps be found in the entry under the year 1008 in the Chronicle. It there apparently states, that from every three hundred hides one ship should be furnished to the national fleet, v. Stubbs' Const. Hist. i. 105, and cf. Kemble's Saxons in England, i. 255. The word fylleþ occurs in the compound winter-fyllef, q. v.; cf. also Icel. skip-sókn a ship's crew.
scip-fyrðrung, e; f. Fitting out of ships :-- Ymbe scypfyrðrúnga, ðæt ǽghwylc geset sý sóna ofer Eástran, L. Eth. v. 27; Th. i. 310, 26. v. scip-forðung.
scip-gebroc, es; n. Shipwreck :-- Ðæt hié æfter ðæm scipgebroce him ða sǽ ondrǽden ut mare post naufragium metuant, Past. 52, 1; Swt. 403, 12. Ic ðé bidde ðæt ðú mé on ðæm scipgebroce ðisses andweardan lífes sum bred gerǽce ðínra gebeda in hujus quaeso vitae naufragio orationis tuae me tabula sustine, 65, 7; Swt. 467, 24. Hwelce tibernessa hié dreógende wǽron on hungre ge on scipgebroce, Ors. 1, 11; Swt. 50, 19.
scip-gefeoht, es; n. A naval battle or war :-- Scypgefeoht bellum classicum, Germ. 389, 42.
scip-gefére(?), es; n. A going by ship, navigation, sailing :-- Hé on his scipgefére hwearf eft tó Cent rediit Cantiam navigio, Bd. 2, 20; S. 521, 41.
scip-getawu furniture of a ship :-- Geréþru vel scipgetawu aplustre, Wrt. Voc. i. 56, 19.
scip-gild, es; n. A ship-tax, a tax to supply funds for the maintenance of a fleet :-- Swá fela sýðe swá menn gyldaþ heregyld oððe tó scipgylde quotiens populus universus persolvit censum Danis, vel ad naves seu ad arma, Chart. Th. 307, 24.
scip-hamer, es; m. A hammer carried in the hand, by which a signal is given to the rowers :-- Sciphamor portisculus vel hortator remigum, Wrt. Voc. i. 48, 20. v. hamer.
scip-here, es; m. I. a collection of skips of war, a naval force, a fleet of war :-- Sciphere classis, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 28; Som. 11, 56: Wrt. Voc. i. 73, 75: classica, ii. 131, 62. Flota, sciphere clasis, 14, 45. Sciphere eów nymþ reducet te Dominus classibus in Aegyptum, Deut. 28, 68. On ðæs sǽs waroþe tó súþdǽle ðanon ðe hí sciphere on becom in litore oceani ad meridiem quo naves eorum habebantur, Bd. 1, 12; S. 481, 11. Ðý ilcan geáre gegadrode micel sciphere on Ald-Seaxum, and ðǽr wearð micel gefeoht, Chr. 885; Erl. 84, 6. Gif ǽnig sciphere on Engla lande hergie, L. Eth. ii. 1; Th. i. 284, 15. Ðý sumera fór Ælfréd cyning út on sǽ mid sciphere and gefeaht wið .vii. sciphlæstas, 875; Erl. 78, 6. Persa cyning sende Conon mid scipehere (scip-, MS. C.), Ors. 3, 1; Swt. 96, 25. Ðá cóman hí sóna mid sciphere mox advecti navibus, Bd. 1, 12; S. 480, 34. Ðæt on land Dena láðra nǽnig mid scipherge sceðþan ne meahte, Beo. Th. 491; B. 243. Ne gehérde nón mon ðáget nánne sciphere, ne furþon ymbe nán gefeoht sprecan, Bt. 15; Fox 48, 14. Se cyng wæs west on Defnum wið ðone sciphere (acting against the Danish fleet), Chr. 894; Erl. 92, 26. On ðysum geáre wæs micel unfriþ on Angelcynnes londe þurh sciphere, 1001; Erl. 136, 2. Sciphergas, Met. 8, 31. II. the men of a ship of war :-- Ælfréd cyning gefeaht wið feówer sciphlæstas Deniscra monna and ðara scipa tú genam . . . and tuegen scipheras him on hond eodon, and ða wǽron miclum forslægene, ǽr hié on hond eodon (cf. ðara sciþa twá genámon . . . and twá him on hand eodon, and ða men wǽron myclum ofslagene, ǽr hí on hand eodan, MS. E.), Chr. 882; Erl. 82, 12.
sciphere-líc; adj. Relating to a fleet, naval :-- Scipherelícum classicis, Hpt. Gl. 406, 40.
scip-hlǽder, e; f. A ship's ladder, a ladder for passing from a ship to the shore :-- Sciphlǽder pons, Wrt. Voc. i. 63, 53. Sciphlædder ponsis, 56, 47.
scip-hlæst, es; m. I. the body of (fighting) men on a ship :-- Claudius se consul fór an Púnice and him Hannibal út on sǽ ongeán com and ealle ofslóg búton .xxx. sciphlæsta ða óþflugon tó Libeum ðæm íglande Claudius consul contra hostem profectus superatus est. Et ipse quidem cum triginta navibus Lilybaeum confugit, Ors. 4, 6; Swt. 178, 32. Hér gefeaht Ecgbryht cyning wið .xxxv. sciphlæsta, Chr. 833; Erl. 64, 19: 837; Erl. 66, 5: 840; Erl. 66, 19. Ælfréd cyning gefeaht wið .vii. sciphlæstas and hiera án geféng and ða óðru gefliémde, 875; Erl. 78, 6. Ælfréd cyning gefeaht wið feówer sciphlæstas Deniscra monna, and ðara scipa tú genam, 882; Erl. 82, 10. II. a ship of burden, a transport :-- Sciplæst oneraria, Wrt. Voc. i. 63, 71. Scyphlæst honeraria, ii. 43, 10 (cf. hlaestscip honeraria, 110, 46).
scip-hláford, es; m. A ship-master :-- Sciphláford nauclerus, Wrt. Voc. i. 56, 16.
scipian to take shape :-- Ðonne gelimpþ ðæræ (the mother) manigfeald sár ðonne ðæs byrþres líc on hire innoþe scypigende biþ, Lchdm, iii. 146, 15. v. scippan.
scipian; p. ode To put in order, equip, man a ship:--Ðá lǽt Eádweard cyng scypian XL snacca, Chr. 1052; Erl. 183, 33. [From (?) Icel. skipa to give order or arrangement to things, to man a ship.]
scipian; p. ode To take ship :-- Se eorl on Wiht scipode and intó Normandíg fór, Chr. 1091; Erl. 228, 12. v. ge-scipian.
scipincel, es; n. A small ship :-- Scipincel carabus, Wrt. Voc. i. 48, 1: 64, 3. Scippincel navicula, 56, 12.
scip-lád, e; f. Sailing, navigating :-- Hé wolde on scypláde mid ða fǽmnan hám hweorfan navigio cum virgine redire disponebat, Bd. 3, 15; S. 541, 27.
scip-líc; adj. Relating to a fleet, naval :-- Ða men ða ðe beóþ winnende in sciplícum gewinne, Shrn. 35, 12. Ðǽm sciplícum classicis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 75, 7. Flotlícum, sciplícum classicis, 131, 63. Sciplícum herium classicis cohortibus, Hpt. Gl. 406, 39. [O. H. Ger. scef-líh nauticus, navalis.]
scip-líðend, es; m. One who goes in a ship :-- Hé cwæð tó ðǽm sciplíðendum . . . ða sciplíðende ðæt gehérende mearcedon ðone dæg, Shrn. 85, 30-86, 2. Ealla ða þing ða ðe scyplíðendum (navigantibus) nydþearflícu gesewen wǽron, Bd. 5, 9; S. 622, 26. v. next word.
scip-líðende; adj. Going in a skip, sailing :-- Hé sǽde sciplíðendum monnum, Shrn. 85, 28: Homl. As. 117, 17. Ða sciplíðendan navigeros, Wrt. Voc. ii. 61, 35.
scip-mǽrels a ship-rope :-- Scipmǽrls tonsilla, Wrt. Voc. i. 57, 4. v. mǽrels.
scip-mann, es; m. A mariner, sailor; nauta, navarchus:--Scypman nauta, Hymn. Surt. 6, 26. Scipmen navarcas, Wrt. Voc. 62, 15. (1) a sailor, one of a ship's crew :-- Ðá ongunnon ða nýdlingas and ða scypmen ða ancras on ðone sǽ sendan woldon ðæt scyp mid gefæstnian tentabant nautae anchoris in mare missis navem retinere, Bd. 3, 15; S. 541, 40. Volosianus hét hys scypmen swíðe forþ rówan, St. And. 44, 4. (2) one who goes on trading voyages :-- Scipmanna (-e, MS.) myrt teloneum, Wrt. Voc. i. 37, 10. Ðǽm scipmannum is beboden gelíce and ðǽm landbúendum, ðæt ealles ðæs ðe him on heora ceápe geweáxe hig Gode ðone teóþan dǽl ágyfen, L. E. I. 35; Th. ii. 432, 27. [Arður him ot scipe fusde and hehte þat his scipmen brohten hine to Romerel, Laym. 28308. Agrayþed ase byeþ þe ssipmen ine ssipe, þet ase zone ase he yhyerþ þane smite of þe lodesmanne hi yerneþ, Ayenb. 140, 22. See Chaucer's Prologue, vv. 388-410. Icel. skip-maðr one of a crew.]
scippan, scieppan, sceppan; p. scóp, sceóp; pp. sceapen, scepen. I. to shape, form :-- Ic hiwige oððe scyppe fingo. Ælfc. Gr. 28, 5; Som. 31, 61. II. to create (of the act of the Deity):--Ðú scyppest eorþan ansýne renovabis faciem terrae, Ps. Th. 103, 28. Ælmihtig fæder ðe ða scíran gesceaft sceópe and worhtest, Hy. 10, 2. Waldend scóp wudige móras, Exon. Th. 193, 1; Az. 120: 132, 1; Gú. 466. Ðá hé Adam sceóp, Cd. Th. 77, 21; Gen. 1278. Swá gód Sceoppend rihtlíce sceóp eall ðæt hé sceóp, Bt. 39, 2; Fox 214, 12. Heortan clǽne scyp (crea) on mé, Ps. Lamb. 50, 12. God gesceóp ealle gesceafta, and deófol náne gesceafta scyppan ne mæg, Homl. Th. i. 102, 1. Hé (God) selcúðe syððan scyppan nolde, Hexam. 12; Norm. 20, 15. Ic scyppendum wuldorcyninge hýrde, rícum dryhtne, Exon. Th. 453, 16; Hy. 4, 15. Hé bebeád and sceapene synd ipse mandavit, et creata sunt, Ps. Spl. 32, 9. III. to shape for one (dat.) as his fate (acc.), to assign as a person's lot. v. ge-sceap:--Scóp censebat, Wrt. Voc. ii. 19, 28: 91, 1. Unc Dryhten scóp síþ ætsomne, Exon. Th. 494, 3; Rä. 82, 2. God monna cræfias sceóp and scyrede ǽghwylcum on eorþan eormencynnes, 332, 34; Vy. 95. Ðá sceóp freá ælmihtig fágum wyrme wíde síþas, Cd. Th. 55, 32; Gen. 903: 110, 21; Gen. 1841. Hú him weorðe geond woruld wídsíþ sceapen, Salm. Kmbl. 744; Sal. 371. Ðǽr eów is hám sceapen, Exon. Th. 142, 25; Cri. 649. Wæs sió wróht scepen wið Hugas, Beo. Th. 5819; B. 2913. III a. to destine, adjudge a person (acc.) to anything:--Sceóp and scyrede Scyppend úre oferhídig cyn engla of heofnum our Creator adjudged the presumptuous race of angels to banishment from heaven, Cd. Th. 5, 1; Gen. 65. Ic eom wiht on gewin sceapen I am a creature destined to strife, Exon. Th. 400, 15; Rä. 21, 1: 405, 14: Rä. 24, 2. III b. in the phrases naman or tó naman scippan to give a name :-- Him se pápa Petrus tó noman scóp cui papa Petri nomen imposuerat, Bd. 5, 7; S. 620, 43. Scóp him Heort naman, Beo. Th. 157; B. 78. Se apostol sceóp ðære cyrcan naman 'resurrectio,' Homl. Th. ii. 474, 33. Ríce menn sceópon heora bearnum naman be him sylfum, i. 478, 9. Sceópan, Shrn. 47, 26. Géfægniaþ ðæt gé móton sceppan ðone naman, Bt. 16, 3; Fox 56, 24. [Goth. skapjan: O. Sax. skeppian: O. Frs. skeppa: O. H. Ger. scepfen, skeffen: Icel. skepja. Cf. also O. H. Ger. scaffan: Icel. skapa.] v. á-, for-, ge-scippan, -sceppan.
Scippend, es; m. The Creator :-- Ðú Scippend heofones and eorþan, Bt. 4; Fox 6, 30: Past. 7; Swt. 49, 17: Cd. Th. 234, 15; Dan. 292: Andr. Kmbl. 556; An. 278. Scieppend Creator, Rtl. 145, 24. Scæppend, 166, 29. Scæpend, 180, 8. Sceppetid, Bt. 34, 10; Fox 150, 12: Cd. Th. 283, 24; Sat. 309. Sceoppend, Bt. 39, 13; Fox 234, 21: 14, 2; Fox 44, 27: 33, 4; Fox 132, 13. Scyppend, Hexam. 13; Norm. 22, 2: Cd. Th. 5, 2; Gen. 65. [O. E. Homl. sceppende, scuppend: A. R. schuppinde: Orm. shippennd.]
scip-ráp, es; m. A cable :-- Sciprápas rudentes, Wrt. Voc. i. 48, 24: 57, 1. Hiora (walruses) hýd biþ swíðe gód tó sciprápum . . . Ðæt gafol biþ on ðǽm sciprápum, ðe beóþ of hwæles hýde geworht and of seoles . . . Se byrdesta sceall gyldan . . . twegen sciprápas; ǽgðer sý syxtig elna lang, óðer sý of hwæles hýde geworht, óðer of sioles, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 18, 1-23.
scip-réðra, an; m. A sailor :-- Scypréðra nauita, Germ. 389, 39. Hé on scyp code, and myd hys scypréðrum hys segl up áhóf, and forþ seglode, St. And. 38, 32.
scip-róðer, es; n. An oar or a rudder for a ship :-- Scipróðor navalia, Wrt. Voc. ii. 61, 37.
scip-rówend, es; m. One who rows in a ship, a sailor, one of a crew :-- Sciprówend nauta, Wrt. Voc. ii. 61, 33.
scip-ryne, es; m. A course or channel for ships :-- Hé lét delfon án mycel gedelf and wolde ðæt scipryne sceolde ðǽrinne licgean eall swá hig dydon on Sandwíc he had a great trench dug and intended that in it ships could run, just as they did at Sandwich, Chart. Th. 341, 16.
scip-setl, es; n. A seat or beach for rowers :-- Scipsetl transtra, Wrt. Voc. i. 48, 14: 64, 8.
scip-steall, es; m. A place for a ship :-- Andlang streámes on scypsteal, God. Dip. B. iii. 316, 16.
scip-steóra, -stýra, an; m. A steersman, pilot :-- Swíðe eáðe mæg on smyltre sǽ ungelǽred scipstiéra (-stióra, Cott. MSS.) genóh ryhte stiéran quieto mari recte navem imperitus nauta dirigit, Past. 9, 2; Swt. 59, 1. Swá swá gód scipstýra (-stioera, Cott. MS.) ongit micelne wind ǽr bit weorþe, Bt. 41, 3; Fox 250, 13. [Icel. skip-stjóri a skipper.]
scip-steorra, an; m. The Pole-star :-- Twegen steorran standaþ stille . . . ðone norðran wé geseóþ; ðone hátaþ menn scipsteorra, Lchdm. iii. 270, 20.
scip-teora, -teara, -tara, -tera, an; m.: -ter, -teoro (u), -tearo; gen. -tearos; n. Pitch :-- Scipter bitumen, Wrt. Voc. ii. 126, 36. Sciptearo, Lchdm. ii. 66, 8. Sciptearos læst, 126, 8. Sciptaran bituminis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 11, 77. Scipteran, 82, 40. Scipteran bitumine, 84, 41. Dó gódne sciptaran tó, Lchdm. ii. 326, 14. Ðá hét se cásere meltan on hwere lead and scipteoran and pic, Shrn. 91, 7. Dó sciptearo tó, Lchdm. ii. 122, 17 : 124, 10.
scip-toll, es; m. Passage money :-- Sciptol naulum (cf. a schyppes tolle hoc naulum, 274, col. 2), Wrt. Voc. i. 56, 49. [Icel. skip-tollr.]
scip-wealh; gen. -weales; m. A servant whose service is connected with ships :-- Ðæt land is sum inland, sum hit is ðán scipwealan tó gafole gesett (the land in question lies by the Severn), Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 450. 19.
scip-weard, es; m. One who has charge of a ship :-- Scipweardas, Andr. Kmbl. 596; An. 297.
scip-weorod, es; n. The crew of a vessel :-- Scipweredes (-weardes ?) naucleri, Wrt. Voc. ii. 59, 48.
scip-wíse, an; f. The fashion or form of a ship :-- On scipwísan geworht made in the fashion of a ship. Nar. 11, 20. Ðá nam heó ánne riscenne windel on scipwísan gesceapenne sumpsit fiscellam scirpeam, Ex. 2, 3.
scip-wyrhta, an; m. A shipwright :-- Scipwyrhta navicularius, Wrt. Voc. i. 19, 13.
scír, e; f. I. office, charge, business, administration, government :-- Scír-procuratio. Wrt. Voc. i. 57, 36: 288, 58. Sciir, ii. 117, 71. Scír dispensatio, 106, 51 : 25, 55 : 140, 65 : negotium, 59, 65. Ðonne se móna biþ .xx. niht, and .i. and .xx. niht, ðæt biþ scír oððe ceáp in ðem swefne tóweard, Lchdm. iii. 160, 8. Scíre prefecturae, Wrt. Voc. ii. 66, 2. Ne gewanige se reccere ná ðone ymbhogan ðære inneran scíre for ðære ábisgunge ðære úterran sit rector internorum curam in exteriorum occupatione non minuens, Past. 18, l; Swt. 127, 13. Persa cyning benom ðone ealdormon his scíre, Ors. 3, 1; Swt. 96, 22. Scíre negotio, Ps. Surt. 90, 6. Hé wið ða scire (the office of bishop] ne winne, Past. 10, l; Swt. 61, 11. Hú dear se grípan on ða scíre ðæt hé ǽrendige óðrum monnum tó Gode qua mente apud Deum intercessionis locum pro populo arripit ? 10, 2; Swt. 63, 7. Se ðe ðone sacerdhád onféhþ, hé onféhþ friccan scíre praeconis officium suscipit, quisquis ad sacerdotium accedit, 15, 2; Swt. 91, 21: 45, 1; Swt. 337, 15. Ágyf ð íne scíre give up thine office (of steward), Lk. Skt. 16, 2. Paulinus ðære cyrican scíre (curam) onféng, Bd. 2, 20; S. 522, 15. Hé forlét ða scíre ðæs mynstres his bréðer reliquit monasterii et animarum curam fratri suo, 3, 19; S. 549, 39. For intingan ðære cynelícra scýra negotiorum regalium causa, 3, 23; S. 551, 1. Him leófre wæs se cristendóm tó begánne ðonne his scíra tó habbanne omnes officium quam fidem deserere maluerunt, Ors. 6, 31; Swt. 286, 8. Ic ne oncneów scíre non cognovi negotiationes, Ps. Surt. 70, 15. I a. where the term refers to an English official :-- Se ðe þeóf geféhþ . . . and hé hine ðonne álǽcte . . . gif hé ealdormon sié, þolie his scíre, L. In. 36; Th. i. 124, 19. II. a district, province, as an ecclesiastical term diocese, parish :-- Scír provincia. Wrt. Voc. i. 54, 3. Sió scír hátte Hálgoland ðe hé (Ohthere) on búde. Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 19, 9. Hé áxode hú ðære þeóde nama wǽre ðe hí of cómon . . . Gyt ðá Gregorius befrán hú ðære scíre nama wǽre ðe ða cnapan of álǽdde wǽron, Homl. Th. ii. 120, 27-33. Scíre biscopas vicari episcopi, Rtl. 194, 33. Hí feórdon fram ðære scíre bisceope, and God him foresceáwode on sumere óðre scíre on Francena íce fulgóde wununge, Homl. Skt. i. 6, 122. On Alexandiscre scýre, 2, 29. Tó Cappadoniscre scýre, 3, 88. Ðá gemunde se ealdorman (Pilate) ðæt Herodes wæs on ðære scíre, Homl. Th. ii. 250, 31. Ðæt mynster gesett on Angel-seaxna scíre and eác óðer mynster on ðære ylcan scire monasterium situm in provintia Saxonia, atque aliud monasterium in eadem provintia, Cod. Dip. B. i. 154, 25: Swt. A. S. Rdr. 100, 154. Scíre parochiam. Hpt. Gl. 427, 38. Liódbiscopas, in scírum and londum gesettedo, Rtl. 194, 35. Scíre provincias, regiones, Hpt. Gl. 451, 17. Scýra provincias, 512, 12. Ðis wundor ásprang geond ða gehendan scíra, Homl. Th. i. 562, 20. II a. the people of a district, a tribe :-- Hé is swýðe rihtwýs wer, ðæt wát eall ðeós scýr, Homl. Skt. i. 10, 120. Twá scíra, ðæt ys, Iude and Benjamin, Ps. Th. 45, arg. Ðis sind ðe wǽron ða æðelestan ealdras geond ða scíra hi nobilissimi principes multitudinis per tribus et cognationes suas, Num. 1, 16. III. as a technical English term, a shire :-- Hæbbe man scírgemðt, and ðǽr beó on ðære scíre bisceop and se ealdorman, L. Edg. ii. 5; Th. i. 268, 4 : ii. 3; Th. i. 266, 19. Ðære scíre bisceop episcopus provinciae, L. Edg. P. iii. 11; Th. ii. 200, 4. Him man sealde gíslas of ǽlcere scíre, Chr. 1013; Erl. 148, 1. Gif man wille of boldgetale in óðer boldgetæl hláford sécan, dó ðæt mid ðæs ealdormannes gewitnesse ðe hé ǽr in his scíre folgode, L. Alf. pol. 37; Th. i. 86, 4. Gif man spor gespirige of scýre in óðre . . . drífan hí ðæt spor óþ hit man ðam geréfan gecýðe, fó hé syððan tó and ádrífe ðæt spor út of his scíre, L. Ath. v. 8, 4; Th. i. 236, 20-23. Ðæt ǽlc geréfa náme ðæt wedd on his ágenre scíre, v. 10; Th. 1. 240, I. Ne nime nán man náne náme ne innan scíre ne útan scíre, L. C. S. 19; Th. i. 386, 12. Gif hwá fare unáliéfed fram his hláforde oððe on óðre scíre hine bestele, L. In. 39; Th. i. 126, 10. Héde se ðe scíre healde, L. R. S. 4; Th. i. 434, 33. III a. The people of a shire, the community inhabiting a shire :-- Nán scír nolde óðre gelǽstan æt nýxtan at last no shire would help another. Chr. 1010; Erl. 144, 11. Ðá sealde Leófwine ealdorman. . . and eal seó scír his land clǽne, Chart. Th. 376, 14 : L. C. S. 19; Th. i. 386, 15. Se ðe land gewerod hæbbe be scíre gewitnesse, 80; Th. i. 420, 20. Wæs se cyng ðá ðiderweardes mid ðære scíre ðe mid him fierdedon, Chr. 894; Erl. 90, 32. Hí lifedon of Eást-Seaxum and of ðám scírum ðe ðǽr nýxt wǽron, 1002; Erl. 143, 5. IV. as an ecclesiastical term, the district in charge of an ecclesiastic (bishop, etc. ), a diocese, parish :-- Swá biscop him tǽce ðe hit on his scýre sý, L. Edm. S. 4; Th. i. 250, 2. Gif man ǽnig líc of rihtscíre lecge, L. Eth. vi. 21; Th. i. 320, 6. Gif preóst on unriht út of scíre hád begite, gilde .xii. ór, and þolie his hádes, búton scíre biscop him hádes geunne, L. N. P. L. 12; Th. ii. 292, 13. Ðises ys ealles wana .xxxiii. hída of ðám hídun ðe óðre bisceopas ǽr hæfdor. intó hyra scýre, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 327, 12. Nǽnigum heora álýfed sí ǽnige sacerdlíce þénunge dón búton ðæs bisceopes leáfe ðe hí on his scíre (parochia) gefeormade sin. Bd. 4, 5; S. 573, 5. [O. H. Ger. scíra procuratio, negotium. ] v. biscop-, burh-, geréf-, hám-, mæssepreóst-, mynster-, práfost-, preóst-, riht-, scrift-, toll-, tún-scír; and see Stubbs' Const. Hist. i. 109 sqq.; Kemble's Saxons in England, bk. i. c. 3.
scír; adj. Clear, bright :-- Scír limpidus, Wrt. Voc. i. 46, 54. Sciir sublustris, Txts. 96, 941. I. of living creatures, bright, brilliant, splendid, resplendent: -- Scír Metod (God), Beo. Th. 1962; B. 979. Scír cyning (Christ), Exon. Th. 71, 9; Cri. 1153. Is seó womb (of the phenix) wundrum fæger, scír and scýne, 219, 16; Ph. 308; 214, 4; Ph. 234. Ic eom ásceáden from ðære scíran driht (the heavenly host), Cd. Th. 275, 26; Sat. 177. Ðone scíran Scippend, Elen. Kmbl. 740; El. 370. I a. of a quality :-- Gé ða scíran miht (the power of Christ) déman ongunnon, Elen. Kmbl. 620; El. 310. II. of inanimate things, (a) of vegetation, bright, brilliant, white :-- Ofer hine scír cymeþ mínre segnunga sððfæst blóstma super ipsum florebit sanctificatio mea, Ps. Th. 131, 19. Geseóþ ðás eardas ðæt hig synt scíre (albae) tó rípene, Jn. Skt. 4, 35. (b) of metals, stones, etc., bright, lustrous, glittering, brilliant :-- Sceán scír werod (the band with glittering armour), Cd. Th. 185, 19; Exod. 125. Hringíren scír, Beo. Th. 650; B. 322. Scíran goldes, 3393; B. 1694. Hé gewyrceþ scírne méce, Exon. Th. 297, 8; Crä. 65. Hyrste beorhte, reáde and scíre, 392, 25; Rä. 12, 2. Scíre burstan múras and stánas, 70, 22; Cri. 1142. Scíre helmas, Judth. Thw. 24, 17; Jud. 193. (c) of glass, clear, transparent :-- Swá ðæt scíre glæs ðæt mon ýþæst mæg eall þurhwlítan, Exon. Th. 78, 33. (d) of water, clear, limpid :-- Ofter Pantan, ofer scír wæter, Byrht. Th. 134, 42; By. 98. Ða hlútran and ða scíran wæter liquidas lymphas, Wrt. Voc. ii. 50, 10. [Þurh án scýr wæter Brádan ǽ hátte, Chr. 656; Erl. 31, 16.] (e) of wine, bright, clear, pure, neat :-- Wínes scíres vini meri, Ps. Surt. 74, 9. Syle drincan on scírum wíne, Lchdm. i. 342, 23. Nalles scír wín hí ne druncan, Bt. 15; Fox 48, 9: Met. 8, 21. Scír wered. Beo. Th. 996; B. 496. (f) of light and light-giving things, bright, clear, brilliant :-- Heofontorht swegl (the sun) scír. Exon. Th. 351, 2; Sch. 74 : 486, 18; Rä. 72, 17. Sunne scír and beorht, Met. 30, 9. Sió scíre scell (the firmament), 20, 174. Metod æfter sceáf scírum scíman ǽfen ǽrest. Cd. Th. 9, 5; Gen. 137. Scírne scíman, Rood Kmbl. 107; Kr. 54. Fleógan þurh scírne dæg. Exon. Th. 439, 15; Rä. 59, 4. Þurh ða scíran neaht, Met. 20, 229. Bláce stódon ofer sceótendum scíre leóman, Cd. Th. 184, 25; Exod. 112. On sumera ðonne ða hátostan weder synd and ða scíran dagas hwítan, Lchdm. iii. 252, 10. Scippend scírra tungla, Met. 4, 1: 20, 8. Hwí hí (stars) ne scínen scírum wederum, 28, 45. (g) of the world :-- Þurh ða scíran gesceaft, Exon. Th. 286, 7; Jul. 728. (h) of a banner :-- Fana hwearfode scír on sceafte the flag fluttered gleaming bright on its staff, Met. l, 11. (i) of the voice, clear :-- Wit Scilling scíran reorde song áófan, Exon. Th. 324, 32; Víd. 103. [Iss all þeʒʒre spell shir atter and shir galle, Orm. 15383. Clene off grediʒnesse and off galnesse skir and fre, 8015: Prompt. Parv. schyre, as water and oþer lycure perspicuus, clarus. Þe mihte of schir and of clene bone, A. R. 246, 26. Ðat skie scir, Gen. and Ex. 3848. Goth. skeirs clear, evident: O. Sax. skír, skíri (wín, watar) : O. L. Ger. scíri: O. Frs. skirt: M. H. Ger. schír : Icel. skírr clear, bright,pure.]
sciran to discharge an office, v. ge-scíran.
sciran; p. de. I. to make clear what is hidden or obscure, declare, tell, make known :-- Drihten ðæt ongeat and geseah, ðæt se deófol ðone Iudas lǽrde, ðæt hé hine belǽwde. Ac ðæt hé ðeáhhwæðere geðyldelíce ábær and gemetfæstlíce scírde (did not declare it in terms of strong reprobation), Homl. As. 154, 68. Gif hié eallunga forberan ne mǽgen ðæt hié hit ne scíren, ðonne sprecen hié ymbe his unþeáwas. Past. 28; Swt. 198, 9. Ðæt hit sceáden mǽl scýran móste, cwealmbealu cýðan, Beo. Th. 3883; B. 1939. [God ðe soðe shire, Gen. and Ex. 2036.] II. to make clear by distinguishing between things, to distinguish, decide :-- Scíro disceplavero, Txts. 57, 688. Is geháten ðæt hé wille cueðan, 'Gewítaþ from mé áwiergde.' Ne scírþ hé nó hwæðer hé reáfoden oððe hwelc óðer yfel fremeden (no distinction is made in the sentence between various kinds of evil), Past. 44; Swt. 329, 7. Ðæt gé ne scíraþ you do not bring out that (the difference between a man in his youth and in mature age) clearly, Exon. Th. 132, 21; Gú. 476. He hét wurpan ac hé ne scýrde on hwæðere healfe hí ðæt net wurpan sceoldon he bade throw, but he did not decide on which side they were to throw the net, Homl. Th. ii. 290, 9. III. to bring a charge against a person :-- Scírde actionabatur [or is the verb here connected with scír an office ? cf. gescíra uilicare, Lk. Skt. Lind. 16, 2, folcgeréfa actionator, Wrt. Voc. i. 17, 30], Wrt. Voc. ii. 99, 11 : 3, 55. Ealdormenn swýðe sprǽcon and wið me wráðum wordum scírdan principes adversum me loquebantur, Ps. Th. 118, 23. [Cf. Nes nan mon þat durste word sciren. Laym. 16822.] IV. to get clear of obligation, trouble, etc., get exemption :-- Gif hwylc man ðone ándagan forgémeleásige, æt forman cyrre . iii. messan, æt óðerum cyrre. v., æt þriddan cyrre ne scíre his nán man (no man shall be exempt from the obligation), bútun hit sié for mettrumnesse oððe for hláfordes neóde, Chart. Th. 614, 18. Ðæm folce wæs ǽgðres waa ge ðæt hié ðæt mǽste yfel forberan sceoldon ge eác ðæt hié his scíran ne dorstan there was trouble to the people on both accounts, that they had to bear a very great evil, and that they durst not get rid of it, Ors. 3, 7; Swt. 114, 32. [A. R. schiren to make pure: Goth. gaskeirjan to interpret: Icel. skíra to purify, clear from a charge; skýra to explain, solve, decide.]
scír-basu; adj. Bright purple :-- Scírbasu benetum (venetus caeruleus, Ducange), Wrt. Voc. ii. 125, 30.
scír-biscop, es; m. The bishop of a shire or diocese (v. scír, III. 2) :-- Béte ðæt, swá se scírbisceop and eal scírwitan déman, Wulfst. 173, 30. [De scýrbiscop episcopus dioceseos, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 28, 32.]
scirdan; p. de To hurt, injure :-- Hwilcan geþance mæg ǽnig man geþencan on his móde, ðæt hé tó sacerdan heáfod áhylde, . . . and hí hrædlíce siððan scyrde oððe scynde mid worde oððe weorce, L., Eth. vii. 27; Th. i. 334, 35. Da ðe godcunde láre and woruldcunde rihtlage wyrdan and scyrdan on ǽnige wísan. Wulfst. 168, 9. [Icel. skerða to diminish: O. H. Ger. giscartit uuerd dolet.] v. sceard; adj.
scirden; adj. Of tiles or sherds :-- Scerden testeum, Germ. 400, 553. v. sceard a sherd.
scíre (?), an; f. An enclosure, precinct :-- Portic porticus, scíre peribolum, heall aula. Wrt. Voc. i. 58, 3. [Cf. (?) Andlang scíre on hweðels heal, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 358, 15.]
scíre; adv. I. of light, clearly, brightly :-- Scíre scínan, Exon. Th. 67, 15; Cri. 1089: Andr. Kmbl. 1671; An. 838: Salm. Kmbl. 679; Sal. 339. II. of the voice, clearly :-- Saga hwætt ic hátte ða (ðe ?) swá scíre nige (cíge ?), sceáwendwísan hlúde onhyrge, hæleþum bodige wilcumena fela wóþe mínre. Exon. Th. 390, 29; Rä. 9,
scír- (scir- ?)ecg; adj. Having a bright (cutting ? cf. sceran) edge :-- Swurd scearp and scírecg, Lchdm. i. 390, 7. Cf. brún-ecg.
Scír-gemót, es; n. A shire-mote, a meeting of the duly qualified men of a shire :-- Hér swutelaþ on þissum gewrite ðæt án scírgemót sæt æt Ægelnóþes stáne be Cnutes dæge cinges. Ðǽr sǽton Æðelstán biscop and Ranig ealdorman . . . and ðǽr, wæs Bryning scírgeréfa . . . and ealle ða þegnas on Herefordscíre, Chart. Th. 336, 22. Gif hé æt ðam þriddan cyrre náh riht næbbe, ðonne fare hé feórþan síðe tó scírgemðte, L. C. S. 19; Th. i. 386, 14. Hǽbbe man tuwa on geáre scírgemðt, L. Edg. ii. 5; Th. i. 268, 3. Habbe man twá scírgemót on geáre, L. C. S. 18; Th. .i. 386, 5. See Stubbs' Const. Hist. s. v. shiremoot.
scír-geréfa, an; m. A shire-reeve, sheriff', 'the judicial president of a shire.' v. Stubbs' Const. Hist. i. 113; Kemble's Saxons in England, bk. ii. c. v. The word glosses preses in Wrt. Voc. i. 18, 11. (1) of a secular official, v. scír, III :-- Ælfnóþ scírgeréfa, Chr. 1056; Erl. 190, 29. Án scíregemót sæt æt Ægelnðþes stáne . . . ðǽr wæs Bryning scírgeréfa, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iv. 54, 14. On Æðelwines scíregeréfan gewitnesse, 10, 27. (2) of an ecclesiastic, v. scir, IV :-- Ðonne sceall Cristes scírgeréfan (the bishop) ðæt witan, and ymbe ðæt dihtan and déman, swá swá béc tǽcan, L. I. P. 25; Th. ii. 340, 8.
scír-gesceatt, es; n. The properly of a see :-- Æðelríc bisceop grét freóndlíce Æðelmǽr: and ic cýðe ðæt mé is wana æt ðam scýrgesceatte ðus micelys ðe míne foregengan hæfdon . . . Ðises ys ealles wana .xxxiii. hída of ðám hídun ðe óðre bisceopas ǽr hæfdon intó hyra scýre. Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 327, 4.
scír-ham; adj. Having bright armour :-- Scacan scirhame (Beowulf and his followers) tó scipe foron. Beo. Th. 3704! ". 1895.
scirian; p. ede; pp. scired, scirred (v. á-scirred) To separate, divide (v. scirung, á-, tó-scirian), but used only metaphorically of setting apart something as a person's lot, to ordain, assign, allot, dispense :-- Swá missenlíce meahtig Dryhten geond eorþan sceát eullum dǽleþ, scyreþ and scrífeþ, Exon. Th. 331, 10; Vy. 66. God geond middangeard monna cræftas sceóp and scyrede, 332, 34; Vy. 95. Ðara gifena ðe him tó duguþe Drihten scyrede, Cd. Th. 221, 13; Dan. 87. Sceóp ðá and scyrede Scyppend úre oferhídig cyn engla of heofnum then did our Creator adjudge and ordain the presumptuous race of angels to banishment from heaven, Cd. Th. 5, 1; Gen. 65. Gif ðé Alwalda scirian wille ðæt ðú móte if the All-ruler be pleased to grant thee opportunity, 171, 12; Gen. 2827. Sceolde him beón deáþ scyred should death be the lot doomed him, 31, 15; Gen. 485. Sié hira dǽl scired mid Marian may their part be assigned with Mary, Elen. Kmbl. 2462; El. 1232, Ðǽr womsceaþan on ðone wyrsan dǽl scyrede weorþaþ, háteþ Scyppend him gewítan on ða winstran nond, Exon. Th. 75, 26; Cri. 1227. [O. Sax. skerian: O. H. Ger. scerian.] v. á-, be-, ge-scerian, -scirian.
sciriendlíc j adj. Derivative:. -- Scyriendlíc dirivativum, deductum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 140, 44. v. á-scirigendlíc.
scírig-mann, es; m. Apparently the same as scír-mann, q. v. The form occurs only in one (Kentish) charter, where 'Wulfsige preóst se scírigmann' is twice mentioned, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. vi. 127, 128. In a later Latin version of this charter the term is rendered scírman and explained by judex comitatus, judex provinciae, Chart. Th. 275, 276, and in this sense it is taken by Kemble, v. Saxons in England, ii. 168 sq. In another charter the same person is mentioned, but without the title: a grant of land is made by Ethelred to Winchester 'ofer Wulfsiges dæg preóstes,' Cod. Dip. Kmbl. vi. 135. This document is dated 996; somewhat later, in the time of Cnut, Wulfsige preóst is mentioned in connection with Kent, but then Æðelwine is scíregeréfa, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iv. 10. In another charter (before 1011) Leófríc is scíresman in Kent. For the form scírig-, cf. (?) hýrig-mann.
scír-mǽled; adj. Brightly marked, bright with inlaid ornaments :-- Scírmǽled swyrd, Judth. Thw. 24, 38; Jud. 230. v. mál-sweord.
scír-mann (scíre-, scíres-), es; m. I. an official, officer, ruler, one who discharges the duties of a scír (v. scír, I) :-- Scírman procurator, Wrt. Voc. i. 57, 37. Wæs scíremonn (Pontius Pilatus) procurante Pontio Pilato, Lk. Skt. Lind. 3, 1. Scíremon (sgiiremonn, Lind. ) dispensator, Lk. Skt. Rush. 12, 42. Swá sceal gód scýrman (a reeve or bailiff) his hláfordes healdan, dó ymbe his ágen swá swá hé wylle, Anglia ix. 260, 16. Ne ofermódgiaþ ða scírmenn ná for ðý nequaquam praepositi ex hoc superbiunt. Past. 17, 2; Swt. 109, 18. Hwæt elles meahte beón getácnod þurh Eze-chiel búton ða scírmenn per Ezechielem praepositorum persona signatur, 21, 3; Swt. 153, 24. II. an inhabitant of a district (v. scir, II) :-- Gregorius befrán, hú þære scíre nama wǽre, ðe ða cnapan of álǽdde wǽron. Him man sǽde, ðæt ða scírmen wǽron Dere gehátene. Homl. Th. ii. 120, 33. . III. as a technical English term = scír-geréfa. v. Stubbs' Const. Hist. i. 113, Kemble's Saxons in England, ii. 158 :-- Æðelwine scírman (in the next charter he is called scíregeréfa, iv. 10, 27), Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iv. 9, 29. Ufegeat scíreman, 304, 17. Ðá com ðider se scýresman Leófríc, 266, 24: 267, 11. Gif hwá him ryhtes bidde beforan hwelcum scírmen oððe óðrum déman, L. In. 8; Th. i. 106, 21. v. scírig-mann.
scírness, e; f. An explanation, declaration (?) :-- Scírnis ypoteseo bassio, Wrt. Voc. i. 289, 73.
scirpan; p. te. I. to sharpen, whet :-- Scyrpþ acuit, Engl. Stud. ix. 40. Hí hwetton (scyrptun, MS. C. ) tungan heora acuerunt linguam suam. Ps. Spl. 139, 3. Scerptun, Ps. Surt. 139, 4. II. metaph. to make active, arouse :-- Symle hé sceal his hýrmen scyrpan mid manunge tó hláfordes neóde and him eác leánian be ðam ðe hý earnian, Anglia ix. 260, 23. v. a-, ge-scirpan.
scirpan; p. te; pp. ed To clothe :-- Engel hine scirpeþ (scierpeþ) on cwicum wǽdum, Salm. Kmbl. 278; Sal. 138. v. ge-scerpan, sceorp.
-scirpla, scir-seax. v. ge-scirpla, scear-seax.
scír-þegen, es; m. The thane of a shire :-- Ðises is tó gewitnesse . . . Godwine eorl . . . Ælfwine abbod . . . and ealle scírþegenas on Hámtúnscíre, Cod. Dip. B. i. 544, 8.
scirung, e; f. Separation, dismission, rejection :-- Gif hé swá biþ ðæt hé ne sý wyrðe ðære scyrunge (scirunge, MS. T. : ðæt hé wurðe ne beó, ðæt hé beó ðanon áscyred, Wells Frag. ) si non fuerit talis qui mereatur proici, R. Ben. 109, 21.
scír-wered; adj. Bright, clear :-- Wuldres scíma æðele ymb æðelne andlonge niht scan scírwered. Exon. Th. 179, 15; Gú. 1262. Cf. swegl-wered.
scír-wita, an; m. A chief man (wita, q. v. ) of a shire :-- Béte ðæt, swá se scírbisceop and eal scírwitan déman. Wulfst. 173, 30. Gebéte ðæt, swá scírewitan geceósan, 172, 4.
scítan, scýtan (?) to shoot (of a plant), flourish: -- -Nǽfre on his weorþige weá áspringe mearce má scýte (sprýte?) mán inwides may ill never fail in his place, rather may guile flourish in his borders; non defecit de plateis ejus usura et dolus, Ps. Th. 54, 10. [Or does scýte belong to sceótan ? cf. for change of vowel in subjunctive hlípen, Past. Swt. 215, 7.]
scítan; p. scát, pl. sciton; pp. sciten Cacare. [He sched out his bowels and his lyf wiþ þe dritt þat he schoote (shote) effudit viscera et vitam cum ipsis stercoribus, Trev. 5, 153. Prompt. Parv. schytyn merdo, stercoro: O. H. Ger. scízan; Icel. skíta.] v. be-scítan.
scíte, scéte, scýte, an; f. A sheet, piece of linen cloth: -- Scéte, loða sandalium, Wrt. Voc. ɫ. 119, 55. Scýte sindo, i. 25, 47: 81, 61: 284, 58. Wǽfelses l scýtan sindonis, Hpt. Gl. 494, 13. Mid scítan begird, Ap. Th. 12, 17. Heó hire feax gerǽdde and ní mid scýtan besweóp crines composuit, caput linteo cooperuit, Bd. 3, 9; S. 534, 13. Sum iungling mid ánre scýtan bewǽfed (amictus sindone). Mt. Skt. 14, 51, 52. Josep bewand ðone líchoman mid clǽnre scýtan (scétan, Rush. ). Mt. Kmbl. 27, 59: Nicod. 11; Thw. 6, 11: 13; Thw. 6, 31: Guthl.
-scíte -cornered. v. feówer-, feðer-, þrí-scíte (-scýte).
scitel, scytel dung (?) :-- Nim heortes scytel and cnuca tó duste, Lchdm. i. 336, 18. Nim fearres scytel, cnuca and gníd swíðe smale, 368, 12. v. scítan.
Sciððeas, Sciððie, Sciððige, a; pl. The Scythians or (using the name of the people where now the name of the country would be used) Scythia :-- Ða Sciððeas, Bt. 18, 2; Fox 64, 10. Uesoges wolde him tó geteón . . . ðone norþdǽl, ðæt sint Sciþþie; and hú ii ædelingas wurdon áfliémed of Sciððium, Ors. 1, 10, tit.; Swt. 1, 25. He wonn on Sciððie . . . His heres wæs seofon hund þúsenda, ðá hé on Sciððie fór. Huæðere ða Sciððie noldon hiene gesécan tó folcgefeohte, 2, 5; Swt. 78, 8-11. Eall Sciððia lond, 1, 1; Swt. 14, 22. Hé wæs mid firde farende on Sciððie on ða norþdǽlas, 1, 10; Swt. 44, 7 : 2, 4; Swt. 76, 4. On Sciððie (Sciððige, Bos. 43, 42), Swt. 72, 24.
Sciððia, Sciððiu; indecl. : Sciððie, an; f. Scythia :-- Gotan of Sciððiu mǽgþe, Bt. 1; Fox 1, 1. Of Sciððia, Met. 1, 2. Wurdon twegen æðelingas áfliémde of Sciððian, Ors. 1, 10; Swt. 44, 25. Ðæt lond mon hǽtt þa ealdan Sciððian, 1, 1; Swt. 14, 17. v. preceding word.
scitol; adj. Purgative :-- Mettas ðe late melten and swá ðeáh ne synd scitole, Lchdm. ii. 178, 1.
scitte, an; f. Looseness of the bowels, diarrhœa :-- Wið ðon ðe men mete untela melte and gecirre on yfele wǽtan and scittan, Lchdm. ii. 226, 6. [Prompt. Parv. skytte or flux fluxes, lienteria, dissenteria, dyaria : Icel. skita diarrhœa.]
scó, scobl, scocca. v. scóh, scofl, scucca.
scocere? :-- Innan scocera wege, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 107, 9.
-scód. v. drýg-, ge-, un-scód; scógan.
scofettan; p. te To drive hither and thither :-- For ðam hit is openlíce cúð ðætte sió úterre ábisgung ðissa woruldþinga ðæs monnes mód gedréfþ and hine scofett (scofeð, Cott. MSS. : cf. sciéð, 3rd pers. sing. of sceótan, Swt. 70, 7) hidres ðædres óþ þæt hé áfielþ of his ágnum willan cum indubilanter constet, quod cor externis occupationum tumultibus impulsum a semetipso corruat, Past. 22, 1; Swt. 169, 13. Cf. scúfan.
scofl, e; f. A shovel :-- Scofl trulla, Wrt. Voc. i. 289, 19 : ii. 122, 67. Ísern scobl vatilla, 123, 12. Scofle, spadu capella, tuba, 128, 36. Scoble palas, 116, 13. Hé sceal habban spade, scofle, Anglia ix. 263, 6. [Du. schoffel; f. Cf. O. H. Ger. scúvala pala, vanga : Ger. schaufel.] v. fýr-, gléd-, meox-, steór-, wind-scofl.
scógan, scógean, sceógan, scóan (? v. scóung), sceón; p. scóde; pp. scód. sceód To shoe, put on (one's) shoes, furnish with shoes :-- Ic scóge (sceóge) mé calceo vel calcio, Ælfc. Gr. 26, 6; Zup. 158, 8. Se engel cwæð : Begyrd ðé, and sceó (gisceó ðec, Rtl. 58, 11) ðé, and fylig mé, Homl. Th. ii. 382, 9. Sceógiaþ calciate, Engl. Stud. ix. 40. Sceógeaþ eówre fétt, Past. 5, 2; Swt. 44, 10. Cf. His mǽgas hine anscógen óðre fét ðæt mon mǽge siððan hátan his tún ðæs anscódan tún unum ei pedem propinquus discalciet, ejusque habitaculum domum discalceati vocet, Swt. 43, 16. Se biþ mid ryhte óðre fét anscód (on-, Cott. MSS.), and hine mon scyle on bismer hátan se anscóda (discalceatus), Swt. 45, 8. [Scheoinde ou & cloðinde putting on your shoes and clothes, A. R. 16, 4. Heo scoiden (soide hire stedes, 2nd MS.), Laym. 22291. Ræftres mid irene iscod, 7831. O. H. Ger. scuohón; p. scuohta : Icel. skóa, skúa to shoe.] v. -scígan, -scód.
scóh, scó, sceó : gen. scós, sceós; n. pl. scós, sceós; gen. sceóna; dat. scón, scóum; the Ancren Riwle has the weak plural scheon; m. A shoe :-- Scóh caliga, Wrt. Voc. ii. 103, 11 : 127, 67 : 13, 43 : calcarium, i. 291, 29. Scó fico, 26, 17. Rúh scó pero, ii. 78, 6. Tríwen sceó coturnus, i. 26, 21. Gif se innera dǽl ðæs sceós (scós, MS. B.) byþ fixen hýd, Lchdm. i. 342, 11. Þuong scóes (giscóes, Rush.) corrigiam calciamenti, Jn. Skt. Lind. 1, 27. Dó on ðínne winstran scó, Lchdm. i. 396, 3. Scóe calciamentum, Ps. Spl. T. 59, 9. Scós galliculae, Wrt. Voc. ii. 41, 53. Wífes sceós baxeae, unhége sceós talares, i. 26, 20-23. Nǽron his scós farwerode, Homl, Th. i. 456, 21. Wíde sceós hangodan on hira (the Saracens) fótum, Shrn. 38, 8. His sceóna þwanga, Mk. Skt. 1, 7. Sceóea, Lk. Skt. Lind. 3, 16. Hí brohton swínes rysl his scón tó gedreóge, Homl. Th. ii. 144, 29. On ðínum sceón (scón. MS. B.), Lchdm. i. 330, 5. Scóum (scóeum, Lind.) calciamentis, Lk. Skt Rush. 22, 35. Sceówum, p. 4, 7. Ic wyrce sceós facio ficones, Coll. Monast, Th. 27, 33. Nilt ðú habban yfele sceós, and wylt swá ðeáh habban yfel líf. Ic bidde ðé ðæt ðú lǽte ðe ðín líf deórre ðonne ðíne sceós, Homl. Th. ii. 410, 15-18. Habbaþ eówre scós on eówrum fótum, Anglia viii. 322, 29. Scóas (Lind. scóea), Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 10, 10. Scóeas, Lk. Skt. Lind. 15, 22. [Goth. skóhs : O. Sax. skóh : O. Frs. O. L. Ger. scó : O. H. Ger. scuoh : Icel. skór.] v. slífe-, slýpe-, steppe-scóh; hand-sció; ge-scý.
scóhere, scóere, es; m. A shoemaker :-- Scoehere sutrinator, Txts. 1l5, 122. Scóere, 101, 1962. [Icel. skóari.]
scóh-nægel, es; m. A shoe-nail :-- Scóhnegl clavus caligaris, Wrt. Voc. ii. 104, 15. Scóhnægl clavus calicularis, 131, 54.
scóh-þegn, es; m. A servant who attends to shoes :-- Be sceóhþénum de calciariis, R. Ben. Interl. 91, 9.
scóh-þwang, es; m. The thong or latchet of a shoe :-- Ic ne eom wyrðe ðæt ic hys sceóþwancg (shoþuong. O. E. Homl. ii. 137, 33. Shoþwang, Orm. 10387) uncnytte non sum dignus soluere corrigiam calciamentorum ejus, Lk. Skt. 3, 16. Sceóþwang, Jn. Skt. 1, 27. Gisceó dec sceóhþongum ðínum calcia te caligas tuas, Rtl. 58, 11. [Icel. skóþvengr.]
scóh-wyrhta, an; m. A shoemaker. From the description of his work given by the sceówyrhta (sutor) in Ælfric's Colloquy, Thorpe, p. 27, he seems to have been a general worker-in leather. Besides boots and shoes he makes harness, leather bags and bottles :-- Facio calceamenta diversi generis, subtalares et ficones, caligas et utres, frenos et phaleras et flascones et calidilia, calcaria et chamos, peras et marsupia. [M. H. Ger. schuoch-wurhte.] v. sútere.
scola a debtor :-- Gescolan condebitores, Wrt. Voc. ii. 105, 23. [Goth. skula : O. Sax. skolo : O. H. Ger. scolo debitor.]
scola (scóla? v. scolu) a learner :-- Gescola condiscipulus, conscolaris, Hpt. Gl. 459, 66.
scolere (scólere?), es; m. A scholar, learner :-- Nim ðú lá geornfulla scoliere, Anglia viii. 304, 16. Seó rǽding pingþ ðæne scoliere, 308, . Ða scolieras witon ðe synt getýdde on bóclícum cræfte, 314, 9 : 335, 42. Ðám scolierum ðás þing gecýðan, 303, 48. Ðæt ǽnig preóst ne underfó óðres scolere, L. Edg. C. 10; Th. ii. 246, 24. [O. H. Ger. scuolari scholaris, discipulus.] v. emn-sceólere.
scol-(scól-)mann, es; m. I. one who attends a school, a scholar :-- Scól scola, scólman scolasticus, Wrt. Voc. i. 75. 27-28 : 46, 62. II. one who belongs to a band (v. scolu, II), a follower, client :-- Scolman cliens, 46, 62.
scolu, scól (these two forms may give the later shoal, school as col, cól give coal, cool), e; f. I. a school :-- Scól scola, Wrt. Voc. i. 75, 27. Scól scola, se ðe on scóle (sceóle, MS. U.) ys scolasticus, Ælfc. Gr. 5; Zup. 11, 13-15. Ðý ilcan geáre forborn Ongolcynnes scolu, Chr. 816; Erl. 62, 7. Constantinus hiene benǽmde ðære scole ðe hé on leornode, Ors. 6, 31; Swt. 284, 24. His lic líþ on Angelcynnes scole, Chr. 874; Erl. 76, 26. Of scole ex scole, Wrt. Voc. ii. 31, 64 : 95, 14. Hú ne eart ðú se mon ðe on mínre scole wǽre áféd and gelǽred, Bt. 3, 1; Fox 4, 19. Eubolus underféng ðone cnapan tó lárlícre scole . . . On ðære ylcan scole wæs Iulianus, Homl. Skt. i. 3, 14-16. Ic becom tó Cristes scole, 2, 244. Maria wunode on ealra ðæra apostola gýmene on ðære heofonlícan scole embe Godes ǽ smeágende, Homl. Th. i. 440, 8. Sum leorningman on scole scholasticus quidam, Bd. 3, 13; S. 538, 18. Ic (Ethelwulf) on Róme Englisce scole gesette, Chart. Th. 116, 33. Se (Marinus) gefreóde Ongelcynnes scole be Ælfrédes béne West-Seaxna cyninges, Chr. 885; Erl. 84, 19. Cildru on scole betǽcan, Lchdm. iii. 184, 27 : 188, 18. II. a band or troop of people, a shoal, school (in school of fishes) :-- Him on healfa gehwone heofonengla þreát ymbútan faraþ, ælbeorhtra scolu, Exon. Th. 58, 2; Cri. 929. Synfulra here, womfulra scolu, 94, 5; Cri. 1535 : 98, 15; Cri. 1608 : 114, 19; Gú. 175. Seó deóre scolu the heavenly host, 235, 21; Ph. 235. Árleásra sceolu, Elen. Kmbl. 2600; El. 1301 : 1523; El. 763. Éce fýr wæs Satane and his gesíðum mid, deófle, gegearwad, and ðære deorcan scole, Exon. Th. 93, 9; Cri. 1523. Ðæt gesǽlige weorud gesihþ ðæt fordóne, . . . byrnendra scole, 77, 6; Cri. 1252. Hé gesomnode miccle scole and wered his geþoftena, Guthl. 2; Gdwin. 14, 2. Ðá wearð stearc storms gelác . . . út feor ádráf on Wendelsǽ wígendra scola, Met. 26, 31. [O. Sax. skola a band, troop : O. H. Ger. scuola schola : Icel. skóli a school. From Latin.] v. geneát-, hand-, þegn-, þeóf- scolu.
scóm-hylt, e; f. A shady wood, thicket, shrubbery :-- Scoomhylti frutices, Wrt. Voc. ii. 39, 60. [Cf. (?) Icel. skúmi shade, dusk.] Cf. holt.
Scón-ég Skaane, a district forming the southernmost part of the Scandinavian peninsula, formerly belonging to Denmark, but since 1658 to Sweden : the Icelandic form is Skáney. The name occurs in Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 19, 35.
scop, sceop, es; m. A poet :-- Scop liricus, unwurð scop tragicus vel comicus, Wrt. Voc. i. 60, 5, 9. Scop comicus, 291, 25 : ii. 17, 38. Comices, s. est qui comedia scribit, cantator, vel artifex canticorum seculorum, idem satyricus, i. scop, joculator, poeta, 132, 16. Se hǽðena scop Pompeius historicus, Ors. 1, 5; Swt. 32, 28. Terrentius se mǽra Cartaina scop Terentius comicus, 4, 10; Swt. 202, 26. Geríseþ gód scop gumum, Exon. Th. 341, 18; Gn. Ex. 128. Scop hwílum sang hádor on Heorote, Beo. Th. 997; B. 496. Hróðgares scop, 2137; B. 1066 : Exon. Th. 379, 21; Deór. 36. Sceop oððe leóðwyrhta poeta, Wrt. Voc. i. 73, 68. Ðes sceop hic poeta, ðises sceopes huius poetae, Ælfc. Gr. 7; Zup. 24, 6 : 36; Zup. 215, 8. Wítega oððe sceop vates, 10; Zup. 77, 3. Be ðam wæs singende sum sceop unde tragicus exclamat, Bt. 30, 1; Fox 106, 31. Swá Parmenides se sceop geddode, 35, 5; Fox 166, 8. Omerus se góda sceop on his leóþum swíðe herede ðare sunnan gecynd, 41, 1; Fox 244, 4, Ðǽr wæs hearpan swég, swutol sang scopes, Beo. Th. 180; B. 90. Omerus wæs ðæm mǽran sceope (Virgil) magistra betst, Met. 30, 4. Gecuron him ánne scop tó cyninge . . . se heora cyning ongan singan and giddian, Ors. 1, 14; Swt. 56, 29. Unweorþe scopas tragedi vel comedi, Wrt. Voc. i. 39, 39. Scopas lyrici, ii. 54, 9 : vates, Hymn. Surt. 119, 18. Fram ðisum sceopum ic gehýrde leóþ, Ælfc. Gr. 7; Zup. 24, 2. [Scopes þer sungen, Laym. 30615. O. H. Ger. scof poeta, vates. Cf. (?) Icel. skop railing, mocking.] v. ǽfen-, ealu-, sealm-scop. Cartaina scop Terentius comicus, 4, 10; Swt. 202, 26. Geríseþ gód scop gumum. Exon. Th. 341, 18; Gn. Ex. 128. Scop hwílum sang hádor on Heorote, Beo. Th. 997; B. 496. Hróðgares scop, 2137; B. 1066 : Exon. Th. 379, 21; Deór. 36. Sceop oððe leóðwyrhta poeta, Wrt. Voc. I. 73, 68. Ðes sceop hic poeta, ðises sceopes huius poetae, Ælfc. Gr. 7; Zup. 24, 6 : 36; Zup. 215, 8. Wítega oððe sceop vates, 10; Zup. 77, 3. Be ðam wæs singende sum sceop ude tragicus exclamat, Bt. 30, l Fox 106, 31. Swá Parmenides se sceop geddode, 35, 5; Fox 166, 8. Omerus se góda sceop on his leóþum swíðe herede ðære sunnan gecynd, 41, 1; Fox 244, 4. Ðǽr wæs hearpan swég, swutol sang scopes, Beo. Th. 180; B. 90. Omerus wæs ðæm mǽran sceope (Virgil) magistra betst. Met. 30, 4. Gecuron him ánne scop tó cyninge ... se heora cyning ongan singan and giddian, Ors. 1, 14; Swt. 56, 29. Unweorþe scopas tragedi vel comedi, Wrt. Voc. i. 39, 39. Scopas lyrici, ii. 54, 9 : vates. Hymn. Surt. 119, 18. Fram ðisum sceopum ic gehýrde leóþ, Ælfc. Gr. 7; Zup. 24, 2. [Scopes þer sungen, Laym. 30615. O. H. Ger. scof poeta, vates. Cf. (?) Icel. skop railing, mocking.] v. ǽfen-, ealu-, sealm-scop.
scop-cræft, es; m. The poet's art, poetry :--Sceop poeta, ic leornige sceopcræft (scop-) poetor, Ælfc. Gr. 36; Zup. 215, 9.
scop-gereord, es; n. Poetic diction, the language of poetry :--Swá hwæt swá hé of godcundum stafum þurh bóceras geleornode, ðæt hé in sceopgereorde (verbis poeticis) geglencde, Bd. 4, 24; S. 594, 34.
scop-leóþ, es; n. A poem :--Se heora cyning ongan singan and giddian and mid ðæm scopleóþe heora mód swíðe getrymede Tyrtaei ducis composito carmine et pro cocione recitato accensi, Ors. 1, 14; Swt. 56, 32. Hé (Nero) ongon wyrcan scopleóþ be ðæm bryne Iliadem decantabat, 6, 5; Swt. 262, 1. Swá hit an scopleóþum sungen is quod poeta descripsit, 2, 4; Swt. 72, 20. [O. H. Ger. scof-leod.]
scop-líc; adj. Poetic :--Mid meterlícum fotum ɫ scoplícum pedibus poeticis, Hpt. Gl. 411, 4. [O. H. Ger. scof-líh poeticus : cf. O. L. Ger. scop-líco poetice.]
scoppa, an; m. A shop, a booth or shed for trade or work (cf. workshop) :--Hé geseh ða welegan hyra lác sendan on ðone sceoppan (in gazophilacium), Lk. Skt. 21, 1. [The bowiares ssope hii breke, & the bowes nome echon, R. Glouc. 541, 16. Euerych soutere Þ halt shoppe, English Gilds, 358, 22. Marchantz beshetten hyni in here shope, Piers P. 2, 213. Schoppe opella, propala, Prompt. Parv. A shoppe or a werkehous operarium, Wülck. Gl. 599, 10. A schope opella, a hordhows gazafilacium, 730, 3-6. A schoppe opella, a treserhouse gazafilacium, 804, 28, 29. Cf. O. H. Ger. schof a building without walls; also a vestibule : Ger. schuppen a shed.] v. scypen.
scora, an; m. A hairy garment :--Bánrift tibialis, scora tricilo, Wrt. Voc. i. 289, 16.
scorf, sceorf, scurf, scruf, es; m. (?) Scurf :--Hyt áfeormaþ ðone leahtor ðe Grécas hostopyturas hátaþ, ðæt ys scurf ðæs heáfdes, Lchdm. i. 322, 16. Wið scurfe and nebcorne, 68, 10. Wið heáfodsár, ðæt ys wið scurf, 116, 23. Wið scruf (scurf. MSS. H. B.) and wið sceb, 316, 22. Wið scurfum, 356, 23. Swá mycel hreófla and sceorfa on his heáfde hæfde ðæt him nǽfre nǽnig feax on ðam uferan dǽle ðæs heáfdes ácenned beón mihte scabiem tantam ac furfures habebat in capite, ut nil unquam capillorum ei in superiore parte capitis nasci valeret. Bd. 5, 2; S. 614, 44. [Scrofe or scalle glabra, Wrt. Voc. 179, 9. Scurf of scabbys squama, scurfe of metel scorium, Prompt. Parv. 451. O. H. Ger. scorf scabies : Ger. schorf; m.: Icel. skurfur; f. pl.]
scorfed, sceorfed, scurfed; adj. Rough, scabbed :--Wið scurfedum nægle (unguium scabritiem); nim gecyrnadne sticcan, sete on ðone nægl wið ða wearta. Lchdm. ii. 150, 4. [þé ssoruede (leprous), þe scallede, Ayenb. 224, 6.] v. next word.
scorfende, sceorfende, scurfende; part. Getting rough or scabby :--Wið scurfendum næglum ad scabiem unguium, Lchdm. i. 370, 9. v. preceding word.
scorian; p. ode To refuse, reject an offer, repudiate :--Ða ðe ne gelýfab þurh ágenne cyre hí scoriaþ ná þurh gewyrd those who do not believe refuse by their own choice, not by fate, Homl. Th. i. 114, 12. Ðá sceorede ðá gyt se yldesta hǽðengylda mid mycelre þwyrnysse the chief idolater still refused (Christianity) with much perversity, 72, 9. [Cf. O. L. Ger. scurgan avertere, expellere : O. H. Ger. scurgan trudere, impellere, propellere; fer-scurgan repellere.] v. wið-scorian and next word.
scorian; p. ode To project, jut :--Ða stánas swá of óðrum clife út sceoredon, Blickl. Homl. 207, 20. [Cf. O. H. Ger. scorrén prodire, fram-, furi-scorrén pro-, e-minere, Grff. vi. 539.] v. preceding word.
scort; adj. Short. I. marking the length of an object :--Scort sinewealt stán cilindrus, Wrt. Voc. i. 41, 35. Sceort bed wið eorþan coma, 41, 31. Sceort scip naviscella, 47, 60 : 56, 33. Ðæt ic ðé móste getǽcan swá sceortne (scortne, Cote. MS.) weg swá ic scyrtestne findan meahte, Bt. 40, 5; Fox 240, 17. Hé hæfþ scyrtran (sceortran, MS. R.) sceade ðonne seó sunne, Lchdm. iii. 252, 13. On lxv and þreó hundræd scy[r]tran and lengran ða ǽdron beóþ tódǽlede, 146, 6. II. marking height, not tall :--Hé (Zacchaeus) wæs scort on wæstme. Homl. Th. i. 580, 30. III. of time, (1) of a period of time :--Tó scortre hwíle for a short time, Past. 36, 6; Swt. 255, 11. Ðæt wé sceolan on ðisse sceortan tíde geearnian éce ræste, Blickl. Homl. 83, 2. Ðú ðám winterdagum selest scorte tída, Bt. 4; Fox 8, 4. Sceorta, Met. 4, 20. Nis nǽnig mon ðe wite hwæðer ðis þúsend sceole beón scyrtre ðe lengre. Blickl. Homl. 119, 6. Dagas ne synd náðor ne længran ne scyrtran ðonne hí æt fruman wǽran, Lchdm iii. 252, 19. Se mónaþ (February) is ealra scyrtost (scyrtst, MSS. P. M. : scirtst, MS. L.), 264, 8. Scyrtest, Anglia viii. 306, 8. (2) marking duration, (a) short-lived, brief :--Ðeáh se hlísa ðara foremǽrena monna hwílum lang sié, hé biþ ðeáh swíðe scort tó metanne wið ðone ðe nǽfre ne geendaþ. Bt. 18, 3; Fox 66, 18. Hú ne biþ simle ðæt lange yfel wyrse ðonne ðæt scorte, 38, 2; Fox 198, 12. Ðæt wuldor ðysses middangeardes is sceort and gewítende. Blickl. Homl. 65, 15. (b) not occupying much time :--Hwá ne wundraþ ðætte sume tunglu habbaþ scyrtran hwyrft (an orbit that requires less time to complete) ðoune sume habban. Bt. 39, 3; Fox 214, 18. Wé hit sæcgaþ eów on ða scortostan wísan we will tell it you in the briefest fashion, Homl. Skt. i. 4, 140. (c) as a grammatical term :--Seó forme geendung is on scortne a, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 1; Zup. 32, 17. Mid fíffétedum ɫ scertrum brachycataleclico, Hpt. Gl. 409, 27. [O. H. Ger. scurz. Cf. Icel. skortr want.] v. next word.
scortian; p. ode. I. to get short, shorten (intrans.) :--Se dæg ðonne sceortaþ, Lchdm. iii. 250, 23. Se sceortigenda (scort-, MS. L.) dæg ... se langienda dæg, 252, 8. II. to make short (? cf. þenne cumeð þe deofel and him scorteð his daʒes, O. E. Homl. i. 25, 14. To schorte oure weie, Chauc. Prol. 791). III. to run short, fail :--Ðætte ne scortige (sceortiga, Lind.) gileófa ðín ut non deficiat fides tua, Lk. Skt. Rush. 22, 32. [Cf. Icel. skorta to ran short.] v. a-, ge-, onsceortian; scyrtan.
scortlíc; adj. Short, of time, not lasting :--Sceortlíc ɫ hwílendlíc momentaneum, Scint. 214, 16.
scortlíce; adv. I. of time, shortly, before long, soon :--Nú gyt scortlíce ɫ lytel fæc and ne byþ se synfulla adhuc pusillum et non erit peccator, Ps. Lamb. 36, 10. Scortlícor maturius, citius, velocius. Hpt. Gl. 527, 14. II. of speech, narrative, etc., shortly, briefly, compendiously :--Scortlíce strictim, breviter, 492, 27. Scortlíce (breviter) ic hæbbe nú gesǽd yrabe ða brié dǽlas, Ors. l, l; Swt. 10, 3 : l, 14; Swt. 58, 7 : Ælfc. Gr. 10; Zup. 76, 3. Nú wylle wé sum þing scortlíce eów be him gereccan, Homl. Th. ii. 118, 3. Sceortlíce summatim, breviter, vel commatice, Wrt. Voc. i. 55, 15 : strictim, ii. 82, 74. Nú is óðer cwyde be gódum mannum sceortlíce gecweden, Homl. Th. i. 484, 20. Wé willaþ furðor swíðor sprecan, and wé secgaþ nú sceortlíce, Lchdm. iii. 240, 2.
scortness, e; f. I. shortness (of time) :--Ðonne byrneþ on scortnisse gramen hys cum exarsent in brevi ira ejus, Ps. Spl. 2, 13. Ða scortnesse ðysse worulde and ða écnesse ðæs tóweardan lífes. Homl. As. 168, 117. II. a short account, an epitome (cf. a brief, and v. scortlíce, II) :--Manega synd gyt coniunctiones, ðe wé ne mágon nú secgan on ðissere sceortnysse, Ælfc. Gr. 44; Zup. 266, 8. Wé habbaþ gesǽd on ðisre sceortnysse, hú God geswutelode ða sóðfæstan godspelleras, Homl. Skt. i. 15, 219.
scort-wyrplíc; adj. Of early fulfilment, coming to pass shortly:-- On .xv. nihta sceortwyrplíc ðæt bid. On .xvi. nihta æfter langre tíde hit ágǽþ a dream on the fifteenth night of the month will be of early fulfilment. On the sixteenth it will come to pass after a long time, Lchdm. .iii. 156, 2.
scot, es; n. I. a shot, a shooting :--Hié his siððan wǽran swíðe éhtende ge mid scotum (gesceotum, MS. C.) ge mid stána torfungum ge mid eallum heora wígcræftum, Ors. 3, 9; Swt. 134, 15. [II. a shot, missile, v. ge-sceot, and cf. No man ... No maner schot, ne pollax, ne schort knyf Into the listes, sende, Ch. K. T. 1686. See also the cognate words.] III. a rapid movement (v. sceótan, IV, III, ge-sceót (read -sceot), II), a rush, dart;--Leax sceal on wǽle mid sceote scríðan, Menol. Fox 539; Gn. C. 40. IV. a scot (as in scot and lot, scot-free), a shot (as in to pay one's shot), a contribution, tax. v. sáwel-scot, sceótan, VII. V. a building, v. sele-scot, ge-sceot, III. [O. Frs. scot a missile; a contribution, tribute : O. H. Ger. scoz; n. telum, jaculum : M. H. Ger. schoz; m. tribute, tax: Icel. skot; n. a shot, shooting; a missile; a contribution.] v. ge-sceot (-scot); scyte.
scota, an; m. One who shoots or hurls, a soldier :--Gescota commanipularius, Wrt. Voc. ii. 104, 82 : 132, 49. [Icel. and-skoti an adversary.] Cf. scytta.
scotere (?) one who shoots or hurls, a warrior :--Nó hé ðære feohgyfte for scoterurn (? scotenum, MS.) scamigan þorfte, Beo. Th. 2056; B. 1026.
scot-freó; adj. Scot-free, exempt from imposts :--Scotfré and gafolfré, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iv. 215, 32 : 191, 18.
scotian, sceotian; p. ode. I. (l) to shoot a person with a weapon :--Hwá sceotaþ ðæt deófol mid weallendum strǽlum ? Se Pater Noster sceotaþ ðæt deófol, Salm. Kmbl. p. 148, 1-3. Hí scotiaþ hine sagittabunt eum, Ps. Lamb. 63, 6: Wé mid strǽlum hié scotodon, Nar. 22, 18. Ðæt hý scotien rihtheortan, Ps. Spl. 10, 2. Hí unscyldige mid bogan scotian þenceaþ ut sagittent immaculatum, Ps. Th. 63, 3. Eú scealt mid hálgum Godes wordum ðínne feónd sceotian, Basil admn. 2; Norm. 36, 7. Hý wǽron mid strǽlum scotode, Shrn. 135, 29. (2) to shoot a weapon at a person, to hurl :-- Ðæt yrre hys spere scotaþ ongeán ðæt geþyld ira lanceam suam iacit contra patientiam, Gl. Prud. 20 a. Drihten lígetas sceotaþ Dominus jaculatur fulgura, Bd. 4, 3; S. 569, 22. Hé sceotaþ his flán and his scearpe spere ongeán his wiðerwinnan, Basil admn. 2; Norm. 36, 5. Of heofene dóm scotad is, Ps. Surt. 75, 9. (3) to shoot (intrans.):--Hí hine scearpum strélum on scotiaþ, Ps. Th. 63, 4. Gif ðé man scotaþ tó, Homl. Th. ii. 538, 10. Scotiaþ scríðende scín scearpum wǽpnum, Exon. Th. 385, 28; Rä. 4, 51. Mid ðám strǽlum ðæs hálgan sealmsanges hé wið ðám áwerigedum gástum sceotode, Guthl. 3; Gdwin. 24, 12. Sume scotedon mid arewan tóweard ðám háligdóme. . . . Hí scotedon swíðe, Chr. 1083; Erl. 217, 19-25. II. to shoot, move rapidly :-- Steorran fóran swýðe scotienda [cf. O. H. Ger. diu scozonten fiur (a shooting star)], 744; Erl. 49, 2. [Laym. scotien (mid flan).] v. of-scotian.
Scot-land, es; n. I. Ireland, where the Scottas lived before migrating to the country now called Scotland:--On westende (of Europe) is Scotland, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 8, 27. Án diácon wearð forþféred on Sceotlande (cf. an Scotta eálonde, 215, 21), and ðæs diácones nama wæs Njál háten, Wulfst. 205, 16. Hí cómon on Scotland (Hiberniam) upp, Bd. l, l; S. 474, 10. II. Scotland :-- Hér fór Æþelstán cyning on Scotland (tó Scotlande in Scotiam, MS. F.), Chr. 934; Erl. 111, 9. Hé (Cnut) fór tó Scotlande, and Scotta cyng him tó beáh, Mælcolm, 1031; Erl. 163, 20. Hé (Fursetis) férde geond eal Ýrrland and Scotland, Homl. Th. ii. 346, 29. v. Scottas
scot-lira, an; m. The fleshy part of the leg, the calf of the leg :-- Scotliran suras, Lchdm. i.lxxiv, 19. Cf. spear-lira.
scot-spere, es; n. A spear for hurling, a javelin :-- Scotsper[a], gára jaculorum, Hpt. Gl. 405, 52.
Scottas; pl. The Scots, a race found first in Ireland, whence a part migrated to North Britain, which from them got the name Scotland. (l) Scots of Ireland :-- Þrié Scottas cuómon tó Ælfréde cyninge on ánum báte bútan ǽlcum geréþrum of Hibernia, Chr. 891; Erl. 88, 5. Ðá forþgongenre tíde æfter Bryttum and Peohtum þridde cynn Scotta Breotone onféng . . . Ða wǽron cumene of Hibernia Scotta eálonde . . . Hibernia is ágendlíce Scotta éþel, heonan cóman seó þeód Scotta, Bd. 1. 1; S. 474, 24-42. Com of Hibernia Scotta eálande Fursius . . . Wæs Furseus of ðám æþelestan cynne Scotta, 3, 19; S. 547, 2-25. In Hibernia mǽgþe, ðæt is on Scotta lande, Shrn. 51, 30. On Sceotta land, Wulfst. 205, 7. Scotta land, eálond, 215, 17, 21. Gif næddre sleá man, ðone blacan snegl áwæsc on háligwætre, sele drincan oððe hwaethwega ðæs ðe fram Scottum cóme a little water that has come from Ireland (because of its peculiar efficacy (?). Cf. Bede's statement of the cures worked on those who were bitten by snakes through the application of water in which scrapings from the leaves of Irish books were put, Bd. 1, 1; S. 474, 36-39), Lchdm. ii. 110, 15. (2) Scots of Scotland :-- Eádréd gerád eal Norþhymbra land him tó gewealde, and Scottas him áþas sealdan, Chr. 946; Erl. 118, 1. Hine gecés to hláforde Scotta cyning and eall Scotta þeód, 924; Erl. 110, 14. Crungun Sceotta leóda, 937; Erl. 112, 11, 32. Férde bodiende betwux Ýrum and Scottum and siððan ofer eal Angelcynn, Homl. Th. ii. 346, 35. Mid Scottum ic wæs and mid Peohtum (or under (I) Cf. Scotta cynn Breotone onféng on Pehta dǽle, Bd. l, l; S. 474, 24), Exon. Th. 323, 15; Víd. 79.
scottettan (?) to move about quickly (? cf. sceotan, III, IV; scotian, II). to dance, leap :-- Sceottet (or = (?) sceóteþ: t for þ occurs in verb inflexions in the same glossary, e. g. geþwǽrat, 397, 439) saltat, Germ. 394, 222.
scotung, e; f. I. shooting :-- Wunda ðe ða wælhreówan hǽðenan mid gelómre scotunge on his líce macodon, Th. An. 123, 33. II. what is shot, a missile :-- Hí synt scotunga oððe flána ipsi sunt jacula, Ps. Lamb. 54, 22. Sceotunga, Ps. Spl. C. 54, 24. Scotunge ðíne jacula tua, Ps. Surt. ii. p. 190, 15. Hé wæs biset mid heora scotungum swylce ýles byrsta, Th. An. 122, 17. Wið ðám scotungum ðara werigra gásta hé hine mid gástlícum wǽpnum gescylde, Guthl. 3; Gdwin. 24, 5. For ðæs fýres sceotungum on account of the flashes of lightning, Lchdm. iii. 280, 15. v. scotian.
scóung, e; f. A provision of shoes :-- Hís mete and scóung and glófung him gebyreþ he is to have his food and shoes and gloves provided for him, L. R. S. 10; Th. i. 438, 6.
scrád, a moving body (? v. scríðan), a vessel (?), a body of travellers (? cf. Icel. skreið a shoal, flock):--Scrifen scrád glád þurh gescád in brád, wæs on lagustreáme lád, Exon. Th. 353, 15; Reim. 13.
scræf, es; m. Some kind of bird, a cormorant (?):--Scraeb merga, Wrt. Voc. ii. 114, 6. Screb ibinem (GREEK, cf. ibin avis in Affrica habens longum rostrum, 4), Shrn. 29, 19. [Cf. (?) Icel. skarfr the green cormorant.]
scræf, screaf, scref, es; n. I. a cave, cavern, hollow place in the earth :-- Scræf spelunca, Wrt. Voc. i. 38, 21. Ðǽr (hell) biþ fýr and wyrm, open éce scræf, Cd. Th. 212, 10; Exod. 537. Cirice on scræfes onlícnesse, Blickl. Homl. 197, 18. Hé férde tó ðam munte and on ánum scræfe (in spelunca) wunode, Gen. 19, 30: 23, 11. Hé hét wilian tó ðám scræfe (ad os speluncae) micele weorcstánas, Jos. 10, 18. Scræfe crypta, Wrt. Voc. ii. 24, 59. Scrafe antro, Hpt. Gl. 483, 76. Tó ánum micclum screafe under ánre dúne, Homl. Th. ii. 424, 21. Tó screfe ɫ scrife ad cloacum, Hpt. Gl. 515, 72. Hí ne mihton ofer ðæt scræf, Blickl. Homl. 201, 16. Cwóman wyrmas of ðǽm neáhdúnum and scrafum ex vicinis montium speluncis, Nar. 14, 6. On wéstenum and on scræfum, Bd. 1, 8; S. 479, 21. Scræfu speluncas, concavas petras, Wrt. Voc. ii. 129, 66. Screafu cavernas, 21, 64. II. a miserable dwelling, a den :-- Neara scræf gurgustulum vel gurgustium, i. 58, 29. Nihthrefne gelíc ðe on scræfe eardaþ sicut nycticorax in domicilio, Ps. Th. 101, 5. Gé mín hús habbaþ gedón sceaðum tó screafe (cf. gé worhtun ðæt tó þeófa cote, Mt. Kmbl. 21, 13), Homl. Th. i. 406, 3. Se hæfde on byrgenum scræf (domicilium), Mk. Skt. 5, 3. Geond ðæt atole scræf (hell), Cd. Th. 272, 33; Sat. 129: 290, 22; Sat. 419. Scref, 266, 23; Sat. 26: 269, 15; Sat. 73. Gé mín hús dóþ sceaþum tó scrafum, Blickl. Homl. 71. 20. Ðé is leófre on ðisum wácum scræfum ðonne ðú on healle heálíc biscop sitte (cf. ðá wolde se hálga sum hús timbrian, 144, 31), Homl. Th. ii. 146, 28. On wáclícum screafum oððe hulcum lutigende, i. 544, 30. v. dún-, eorþ-, wíte-, wráþ-scræf.
scrætte, an; f. An adulteress, a harlot :-- Scrættena moecharum, meretricum, Hpt. Gl. 507, 2. Scrættena (scræftena, MS.) scortarum, 524, l. In fifteenth century vocabularies skratt, skrate translates armifrodita, Wrt. Voc. i. 217, 23: 268, 64; see also Cath. Angl. 325; and in this sense Halliwell gives scrat as a word in dialects of the North. Scritta is the form glossing hermaphroditus in Ælfric's Glossary, Wrt. Voc. i. 45, 28. Corresponding forms but with different meanings are found in O. H. Ger scraz; pl. scrazza pilosi, incubi; screzza larvae; scratun; pl. pilosi, larvae: Icel. skratti; m. a wizard, warlock; goblin, monster. Cf. Old Scratch, v. Grmm. D. M. 447 sqq.
scrallettan to make a loud sound :-- Ðonne wín hweteþ beornes breóstsefan stígeþ cirm on corþre cwide scralletaþ missenlíce when wine excites a man's mind, clamour arises in the company, they cry out with speech diverse, Exon. Th. 314, 27; Mód. 20. Sum sceal mid hearpan æt his hláfordes fótum sittan snere wrǽstan lǽtan scralletan one shall sit with a harp at his lord's feet, bend the strings, mate them send forth loud sound, 332, 10; Vy. 83. [Cf. Dan. skralde to sound loud; and see shrill in Skeat's Etym. Dict.]
screáde, an; screád, e; f. A piece cut off, a shred, a screed, paring :-- Screáde sceda, Wrt. Voc. i. 46, 70. Screádan praesegmina, praecisiones, 40, 9. Æppelscreáda quisquiliae, 22, 13, [Gif heo mei sparien eni poure schreaden (schiue, MS. T.: schraden, MS. C.), A. R. 416, 2. Hauede he non so god brede, Ne on his bord non so god shrede, Þat he ne wolde þorwit fede Poure, Havel. 99. Schrede or clyppynge of clothe or oþor thynge scissura, presegmen, Prompt. Parv. 448. O. Du. schroode: O. H. Ger. scrót: Ger. schrot. Cf. Icel. skrjóðr a shred, strip.]
screádian; p. ode To shred, cut up or off, pare, (of trees) to prune :-- Búton ða láreówas screádian ða leahtras þurh heora láre áweg, ne biþ ðæt lǽwede folc wæstmbǽre, Homl. Th. ii. 74, 16. Ðá hét hé (Herod) him his seax árǽcan tó screádigenne (cf. æppelscreáda quisquiliae) ǽnne æppel, i. 88, 9. [He (Herod) badd himm brinngenn ænne cnif An appell forr to shrædenn. Orm. 8118. Scradieð eower sceldes al of þe smal enden, Laym. 5866. Wortes or othere herbes . . . she shredde and seeth, Chauc. Cl. T. 227. Cf. He shred (concidit) the wild gourds into the pot of pottage, 2 Kings iv. 39. Schredyn̄ or schragge trees sarculo, sarmento; schredyn̄ wortys or oþer herbys detirso, Prompt. Parv. 448. O. Du. schrooden: O. H. Ger. scrótan; p. screot demere, tondere: Ger. schroten to cut, gnaw.] v. á-, ge-screádian, and next word.
screádung, e; f. I. pruning, trimming :-- Screádung putatio, Wrt. Voc. i. 39, 3. [Schredynge of trees and oþer lyke sarmentacio, sarculacio. Prompt. Parv. 448.] v. next word. II. what is cut off, a shred, cutting, fragment, paring, leaving of food:--Screádunga fragmentorum. Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 14, 20: Jn. Skt. Lind. Rush. 6, 12, 13: Mk. Skt. Lind. 6, 43. Scrádunga, Rush. 6, 43. Of screádungum de micis, 7, 28. Screádungo reliquias, Lk. Skt. Lind. Rush. 24, 43.
screádung-ísen, es; n. An instrument for pruning or trimming :-- Wíngeardes screádungísen sarculus, Wrt. Voc. i. 16, 11.
screáwa, an; m. A shrew-mouse :-- Screáwa mus araneus, Wrt. Voc. i. 24, 29: musiranus, ii. 55, 80: massiranus, 71, 24. Scréuua, screáuua, scraeua musiranus, Txts. 78, 649. [Cf. Chauc. Piers P. Prompt. Parv. schrewe, shrewe pravus.]
screb, scréc, scref. v. scræf; m. scríc, scræf.
scremman; p. de To make a person stumble, put a stumbling-block in a person's way :-- Ne wirige ðú deáfe ne scremme ðú blinde non maledices surdo, nec coram coeco pones offendiculum, Lev. 19, 14. [The word, like scrimman, q. v., seems to suggest comparison with forms in mp. Cf. Icel. skreppa; p. skrapp to slip; the causative of this verb might appear in English as scrempan, whose meaning would be that given to scremman. Scrincan, screncan are parallel, as regards meaning, to scrimman, scremman.]
screncan; p. te To lay a stumbling-block in a person's way, trip up, ensnare :-- Eft hé cwæð: 'Ne screnc dú ðone blindan' . . . Se screncþ ðone blindan ðe ðone ungesceádwísan mirþ protinus adjunxit: 'Nec coram coeco pones offendiculum' . . . Coram coeco offendiculum ponere est . . . ei, qui lumen discretionis nan habet, scandali occasionem praebere. Past. 59, 6; Swt. 453, 1-4. Cf. Hé þurh ealle uncysta ða mód gescrencþ per universa vitia animum supplantat, 11, 6; Swt. 73, 2. Healden hié dæt hié ða ne screncen ða ðe gáþ on ryhtne weg tóweard ðæs hefonríces ne ad ingressum regni tendentibus obstaculum fiunt, 9; Swt. 59, 19. [Ute we bidden God ðæt he us shilde þerwið þat he (the devil) us ne shrenche and seien: Custodi me a laqueo, O. E. Homl. ii. 209, 18. Þe deouel þat weneð me to schrenchen ant schunchen of þe weie þat leadeþ to eche lif, Jul. 34, l. He wile scrennkenn hemm Full hefig fall to fallenn, Orm. 11861. To scrennkenn ure sawless, 2618.] v. á-, for-, ge-screncan.
scrence, screncedness, screncend. v. ge-, mis-scrence, ge-screncedness, for-screncend.
screón (?); p. scráh To cry out, proclaim; dicare:--Forscráh abdicavit (in Lye). [O. H. Ger. scrían clamare.]
screpan; p. scræp, pl. scrǽpon; pp. screpen To scrape, scratch :-- Scriopu scalpio, Txts. 97, 1828. Scripið, scripith, scribid scarpinat, 95, 1805. Screpes scratches (? the word glosses arescit. v. scrípan), Mk. Skt. Rush. 9, 18. Screp ðæt blód of, Lchdm. ii. 262, 6: 38, 20. [Þet he screpe zennes of al of oure herten, Ayenb. 98, 19. But generally later English forms seem to represent a verb scrapian. Cf. Icel. skrapa: O. Du. schrapen:--Heo schulden schreapien þe eorðe up of hore putte, A. R. 116, 15. Al þet scrift ne schreapeð nout of, 344, 13. Shame shrapeth his clothes, Piers P. 11, 423. Scrapyn̄ (shrapyn) awey abrado; scrapyn̄ (schrapyn) scalpo, scalpito, Prompt. Parv. 450.] v. á-, be-screpan.
scrépe, scroepe; adj. Suitable, adapted, convenient :-- Hit (Britain) is gescrǽpe (scroepe, MS. C.) on lǽswe sceápa and neáta alendis apta pecoribus ac jumentis, Bd. 1, l; S. 473, 13. v. ge-scrǽpe.
screpu (?), e; f. A curry-comb :-- Ǽren screop[u?] strigillus, Txts. 99, 1935. Screope strigillum, 99, 1906.
scríc, scréc a kind of thrush, screech, strike [v. E. D. S. Pub. Provincial names of birds, where screech, skrike are given as names of the misselthrush, p. 1, and screech bird, screech thrush as those of the fieldfare (turdus pilaris), p. 6]:--Scríc, scréc, scruc (scriic ?) turdus, Txts. 103, 2069. Scríc turdus, Wrt. Voc. i. 29, 30: 281, 20.
scrid, es; n. A carriage, chariot, litter :-- Scrid basterna, Wrt. Voc. ii. 101, 49: carracutium, vehiculum, 121, 81. Scrid (currus) Godes, Ps. Surt. 67, 18: ii. p. 187, 14. Scrides basterne, Wrt. Voc. ii. 11, 80. Scriðes, Hpt. Gl. 504, 15. On scride ɫ on cræte in carruca, Wrt. Voc. ii. 47, 42. Ðá héht se cásere gesponnan fiówer wildo hors tó scride and hine gebundenne in ðæt scrid ásetton . . . Hió gelǽddon ðæt scrid on heá dúne, Shrn. 71, 34. Heó wæs on gyldenum scryd, 156, 11. Screoda siex hun[dred]a six hundred chariots (cf. Exod. 14, 7), Exon. Th. 468, 9; Phar. 5. Lígbǽrum scridum vel crætum flammigeris quadrigis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 149, 14. v. scriða.
-scrid in ful-scrid. v. scrýdan, IV.
Scride-finnas; pl. m. A people who, according to Jornandes and Procopius, seem to have inhabited the present Russian Lapland and other tracts thereabouts, and even to have extended into the present Swedish Finnland. [Procopius, GREEK; Adam of Bremen, Scritefinni; Paulus Diaconus, Scritobini; Saxo Grammaticus, Scricfinni.]:--Scridefinnas, Ors. 1, l; Swt. 16, 36. Ic wæs mid Scridefinnum, Exon. Th. 323, 16; Víd. 79. The distinguishing prefix seems to refer to the use of snowshoes or skates, cf. Icel. skriðr a sliding motion, skríða to glide, slide in snow-shoes.
scrid-wægn, -wǽn, es; m. I. a chariot :-- Hú seó gesceádwísnes bæd ðæt mód ðæt hit sǽte on hire scridwǽne (cf. on hrædwǽne, 36, 1; Fox 174, 1), Bt. 36, tit.; Fox xviii, 4. II. sella curulis :-- Sittan on gerénedum scridwǽne in curuli sedere, 27, 1; Fox 96, 1: 27, tit.; Fox xiv, 22.
scrid-wísa, an; m. A charioteer :-- Scridwísa auriga, Wrt. Voc. i. 39, 38.
scrífan; p. scráf, pl. scrifon; pp. scrifen To decree, appoint (cf. ge-scrif):--Scribun promulgarunt, Wrt. Voc. ii. 117, 74. Scriben decerni, 106, 22. I. to decree to a person as his lot, to allot, assign :-- Swá missenlíce Dryhten eallum dǽleþ, scyreþ and scrífeþ, Exon. Th. 331, 10; Vy. 66. Him (God) þonc ǽghwá secge ðæs ðe hé for his miltsum monnum scrífeþ, 333, 7; Vy. 98. II. to fix as his lot for a person:--Ic sceal sécan ða hámas ðe ðú mé ǽr scrife I must visit the abodes that you (the body) have made my (the soul's) portion, 371, 4; Seel. 70. Brúcan swylcra yrmþa swá ðú unc ǽr scrife, 373, 2; Seel. 102. Ðæt wyt gesáwon heofona wuldor swylc swá ðú mé ǽr scrife, 375, 25; Seel. 143. III. to decree after judgment, to adjudge, doom, inflict, impose, pass as a sentence upon a person:--Folca gehwylcum Scyppend scrífeþ bí gewyrhtum eall æfter ryhte, 75, 12; Cri. 1220. Scrífeþ bí gewyrhtum meorde monna gehwam, 286, 8; Jul. 728. Gif hé bétan móte sylle wið his lífe swá hwæt swá man him scrífe si pretium ei fuerit impositum, dabit pro anima sua, quidquid fuerit postulatus, Ex. 21, 30. Þrowige hé (a pledgebreaker) swá biscep him scrífe, L. Alf. pol. l; Th. i. 60, 10. Þolige hé (a criminal priest) ǽgðres ge hádes ge eardes, and wræcnige swá wíde swá pápa him scrífe, L. Eth. ix. 26; Th. i. 346, 6. Ðǽr ábidan sceal maga máne fáh, hú him Metod scrífan wille, Bto. Th. 1963; B. 979. Heo woldan ðíne dómas gehýran, and hú ðú ðám forworhtum scrífan woldest, Wulfst. 254, 17. IV. as an ecclesiastical term, to shrive, to impose penance after confession, to hear confession and then impose penance :-- Ðonne sacerd mannum fæsten scrífeþ quum sacerdos jejunium hominibus injungit, L. Ecg. C. 1; Th. ii. 132, 25. Ðæt hé hit swá gebétt hæbbe, swá him his scrift scrífe, L. Ath. i. 25; Th. i. 212, 22. Wé lǽraþ ðæt ǽlc preósta scrífe and dǽdbóte tǽce ðam ðe him andette, L. Edg. C. 65; Th. ii. 258, 9. Ofer ealle ða scíre ðe hé (scrift) on scrífe, L. I. P. 7; Th. ii. 314, 5. Man sceal ðam unstrangan men líðelícor déman and scrífan ðonne ðam strangan . . . Man sceal on godcundan scriftan ge on woruldcundan dóman ðás þingc tósceádan, L. C. S. 69; Th. i. 412, 5. Hire nán preóst scrífan ne mót neque ulli presbytero confessionem ejus accipere licebit, L. Ecg. P. ii. 16; Th. ii. 188, 6. His scrift him sceal swá scrífan, swá hé on his dǽdum gehýreþ, ðiet him tó dónne biþ . . . Gyf hwá tó ðam (making peace) cyrran nylle, ðonne ne mæg hé ðam scrífan, L. E. I. 36; Th. ii. 432, 37-434, 4. V. to care for, regard [cf. O. Sax. bi-skríban (with gen. or prep.) to care about], (a) with gen.:--Deáþ ðæs ne scrífeþ (cf. se deáþ swelces ne récþ mors spernit altam gloriam, Bt. 19; Fox 68, 32), Met. 10, 29. Rihtes ne scrífeþ, 25, 53. Ne scrífe hé ðæs hlísan búton hú hé ryhtosð wyrce opus rectitudinis appetitio ignoret favoris, Past. 44, 3; Swt. 313, 16. (b) with dat.:--Se hláford ne scrífþ, se ðam here waldeþ, freónde ne feónde, feore ne ǽhtum (cf. se ðe hiora welt ne murnþ náuðer ne friénd ne fiénd, Bt. 37, 1; Fox 186, 7), Met. 25, 15. (c) with a clause:--Hí (the people of Sodom) forléton eallinga ðone brídele ðæs eges, ðá hí ne scrifon hwæðer hit wǽre ðe dæg ðe niht, ðonne ðonne hí syngodon, Past. 55, 1; Swt. 427, 31. [He (the pope) þe scal scriuen of þine weorldlifen, þat þine sunen alle scullen þe from falle, Laym. 32074. Þe preost shall shrifenn þe and huslenn, Orm. 6128. Him for to hoslon an for to shriue, Havel. 361. Schryvy&n-long; or here schryftys audire confessiones, Prompt. Parv. 449. Also schriven (reflex.) means to confess :-- lch chulle schriuen me confitebor, A. R. 344, 6. Mede shroue (shrof, shroof) hire of hire shrewednesse . . . Thanne he assoilled hir sone, Piers P. 3, 44. Schryvy&n-long; or ben aknowe synnys yn schryfte confiteor, Prompt. Parv. 449. O. Frs. scríva to impose a punishment.] v. for-, ge-scrífan; riht-scrífend; scrift.
scrifen painted (?):--Scrifen scrád glád, Exon. Th. 353, 15; Reim. 13. [Cf. (?) Icel. skrifa to paint; scrifan a picture.]
scrift, es; m. I. what is prescribed as a punishment, a penalty (cf. scrífan. III):--Ic (bishop Werferth) him (Eadnoth) sealde ðæt lond and ða béc . . . and úre ágen rǽdengewrit ðæt wǽre him tó ðam geráde ðæt land tólǽten ðe mon ǽlce gére gesylle fífténe scillingas clǽnes feós ðam bisceope and him eác ðone ne scrift (scrift ne?) healde our agreement that the land was resigned to him on the condition that fifteen shillings a year be paid to the bishop, and also that the penalty (the land had before been subject to the condition that if it were not held by a person in orders it must pass to the church at Worcester; this condition was now removed) be not maintained in respect to him (Eadnoth), Chart. Th. 168, 18. I a. as an ecclesiastical term, (l) penance imposed after confession:--Gif feorhlyre wurþe, tóeácan ðam rihtwere, twá pund tó bóte mid godcundan scrifte, L. E. B. 2; Th. ii. 240, 16; also in five following paragraphs. Ǽgðer man sceal ge on godcundan scriftan ge on woruldcundan dóman dás þingc tósceádan these things (the various circumstances of persons) are to be discriminated in the penances of the church and in the sentences of the law, L. C. S. 69; Th. i. 412, 11. (2) confession which is followed by penance, shrift :-- Ðæt he scriftes gyrnde and húsles quod confessionem et eucharistiam desideravisset, L. Ecg. P. i. 3; Th. ii. 172, 19: 9; Th. ii. 176, 7. Gif preóst fulluhtes oððe scriftes forwyrne, L. N. P. L. 8; Th. ii. 292, l. Ǽghwylc cristen man . . . gewunige gelómlíce tó scrifte; and unforwandodlíce his synna gecýþe, L Eth. v. 22; Th. i. 310, 5. Gá man tó scrifte (ad confessionem), Wulfst. 181, 3. [Scrift ihalden to carry out the penance imposed, O. E. Homl. i. 9, 31. Nimen scrift to accept penance, Laym. 18395. Takenn shriffte, Orm. 6613. Schrift (confession) and penitence, A. R. 8, 6. Þe holy ssrifte (confession, one of the seven sacraments), Ayenb. 14, 8. Schryfte confessio, Prompt. Parv. 449. Icel. skript, skrift, confession, penance.] II. one who passes sentence, inflicts punishment, a judge (v. scrífan, III):--Wá is worulde scriftum, bútan heó mid rihte dómas reccan, Wulfst. 263, 18. II a. as an ecclesiastical term, one who hears confession ond imposes penance, a confessor :-- Ða bóte áberan ðe his scrift (confessarius) him tǽcþ, L. Ecg. P. i. 4; Th. ii. 174, 24. Ðonne sceal se scrift hine áhsian be ðǽm ðe hé him andettaþ, hú ða þing gedón wǽron, L. E. I. 31; Th. ii. 428, 10. His scrift him sceal swá scrífan, swá hé ðonne on his dǽdum gehýreþ, ðæt him tó dónne biþ, 36; Th. ii. 432, 37: Homl. Th. ii. 94, 9. Libban ðam lífe, ðe scrift ús wísige, Wulfst. 112, 18. Ne mæg þurh ðæt flǽsc se scrift geseón on ðǽre sáwle, Exon. Th. 80, 13; Cri. 1307. Béte hé be his scriftes geþeahte, L. C. E. 23; Th. i. 374, 8 : L. P. M. 1; Th. ii. 286, 15. Hé ondette ǽlce costunge ðam móde his scriftes tentationes suas menti pastoris indicet, Past. 16, 5; Swt. 105, 16. Cweðe his andetnessa tó his scrifte, and ðus cweðe: Ic andette Ælmihtigum Gode and mínum scrifte ðam gástlícan lǽce ealle synna, L. de Cf. 6; Th. ii. 262, 18-21 : Blickl. Homl. 43, 20. Gif him þince ðæt hé wið his scrift sprece, ðæt tácnaþ his synna forgyfennysse, Lchdm. iii. 174, 14. Úre mísdǽde bétan, swá úre scriftas ús tǽcon, Wulfst. 142, 12. Andettan úre synna úrum scriftan, 115, 12 : Blickl. Homl. 193, 22. [Hit ibeten swa þin scrifte þe techet, O. E. Homl. i. 19, 3. Wiðuten schriftes leaue, A. R. 418, 24.]
scrift-bóc; f. I. a penitential, a book staling the penances to be enjoined after confession for various sins :-- i. scriftbóc on Englisc, Chart. Th. 430, 20; cf. L. Ælfc. P. 44; Th. ii. 384, 2. Swá hwylc swá ðás scriftbóc tilige tó ábrecanne quicunque Confessionale hoc violare conatus fuerit, L. Ecg. P. Addit.; Th. ii. 238, 8. Ða mæssepreóstas sceolan heora scriftbóc mid rihte tǽcan and lǽran, swá swá hié úre fæderas ǽr démdon, Blickl. Homl. 43, 8. II. a discourse referring to penance :-- Lárspel and scriftbóc (the title of the homily). Wulfst. 242, 22.
scrift-scír, e; f. The district in which a confessor exercises his functions :-- Gif préost on his scriftscíre ǽnigne man wite Gode oferhýre, L. Edg. C. 6; Th. ii. 244, 22 : 9; Th. ii. 246, 12 : 15; Th. ii. 246, 26. Sacerda gehwylc on his scriftscíre, Wulfst. 79, 17. Sacerdum gebyreþ on heora scriftscírum, L. I. P. 7; Th. ii. 312, 38: 19; Th. ii. 326, 2. v. riht-scriftscír.
scrift-sprǽc, e; f. Confession :-- Gif deáþscyldig man scriftsprǽce gyrne, ne him man nǽfre ne wyrne, L. E. G. 5; Th. i. 168, 24 : L. C. S. 44; Th. i. 402, 4.
scrimman j p. scramm To shrink, draw up, contract :-- Gif monnes fót tó hommum scrimme and scrince (cf. monegum men gescrincaþ his fét tó his homme, 68, 3), Lchdm. ii. 6, 15. [Cf. scram distorted; benumbed with cold: scrambed deprived of the use of a limb by a nervous contraction of the muscles : scrimed shrivelled up: shrammed, shrimmid benumbed with cold : scrimp to spare, pinch : shrump-shouldered humpbacked, all from Halliwell's Dictionary: scrimp, scrimpit scanty, contracted, Jamieson's Dict. M. H. Ger. schrimpfen : Ger. schrumpfen to wrinkle: Dan. skrumpe to shrink, shrivel; skrumpen shrunk, shrivelled. See also Skeat's Dictionary s. v. shrimp.] v. scremman.
scrín, es; n. I. a chest, coffer, casket, box in which precious things are kept: -- Scrín arca vel scrinium, Wrt. Voc. i. 26, 49 : capsella, 33, 62: arca, 80, 79. Ðæt hálige scrín the ark of the covenant. Homl. Th. ii. 214, 35: Jos. 4, 7. Godes scrín, 7, 6: Num. 14, 10. Ðæt scrín, Jos. 3, 8, 13. Hé ( Judas) hæfde scrín (loculos) and baer ða þing ðe man sende, Jn. Skt. 12, 6: 13, 29. Hire scrín mid hiræ háligdómæ, Chart. Th. 553, 12. II. a receptacle for the relics of a saint, a shrine :-- Se earm wearð geléd on scrine of seolfre ásmiðod on Sancte Petres mynstre, Swt. A. S. Rdr. 99, 143. Ðá þwóh man ða hálgan bán, and bær intó ðære cyrcan on scríne, 100, 158. Ic genam ða reliquias ðære hálgan fǽmnan and hí gesætte on scrín ðæt ic sylf ǽr of stáne geworhte ego tuli reliquias beatae Margaretae et reposui in scrinio, quod feci de lapide, Nar. 49, 7. Ðá gebrohte se bisceop ealle ða hálgan bán on gelimplícum scrýnum, and gelógodon hí up on cyrcan, Homl. Skt. i. 11, 275. Ðá wolde se cásere wyrcan him eallum (the seven sleepers) gyldene scrýn, Homl. Th. ii. 426, 22. [Hí námen ðære (in the minster) twá gildene scrínes and .lx. seolferne, Chr. 1070; Erl. 209, 11.] III. a cage in which a criminal is confined :-- Hig Pilatum on ánum ýsenum scrýne gebrohton on ðære byrig Damascum, and hyne myd scrýne myd eallum on feastum cwearterne beclýsdon, St. And. 38, 8: 44, 19. [O. H. Ger. scríni scrinium, loculus: Icel. skrín a shrine. From Latin.] . scrincan; p. scranc, pl. scruncon; pp. scruncen. I. of a plant, to wither away, dry up, shrivel :-- Mid ðam mǽstan bleó hy (the male and female pennyroyal) blówaþ ðonne neálíce óðre wyrta scrincaþ and weorniaþ, Lchdm. i. 204, 13. Scrincan marcescere, Hpt. Gl. 419, 74. II. of a living being, to pine away, become weak :-- Hé scrinceþ arescit; he pineth away (A. V. ), Mk. Skt. Lind. 9, 18. Ðá wearð se cyning (Belshazzar) tó ðan swíðe áfyrht, ðæt hé eal scranc (cf. Then the king's countenance was changed, and his thoughts troubled him, so that the joints of his loins were loosed, and his knees smote one against another, Dan. 5, 6), Homl. Th. ii. 436, 2. [Þu scalt scrinchin (deʒe, 2nd MS. ), Laym. 2278. Heo scrynketh for shome, P. S. 158, 7.] III. to contract, shrink :-- Ðá tán scrincaþ (-eð, MS. ) up. Lchdm. iii. 48, 28. Gif sino scrince . . . oððe gif monnes fót tó hommum scrimme and scrince, ii. 6, 13-15. v. á-, for-, ge-scrincan.
scrind swiftness (?) :-- Ofer ðæne (sǽ) mægene oft scipu scríþende.
scrinde fleótaþ over the sea oft sail the ships strongly and swiftly, Ps. Th. 103, 24. [Grein compares Lith. skrindus flying, running swiftly. ]
scrípan (?); p. te To waste away, wither :-- Scrépes arescit, Mk. Skt. Rush. 9, 18. [Cf. Jcel. skrjupr frail : Norweg. skrypa to waste: Swed. dial, skryyp to shorten; skryp weak.]
scripen, scripende gloss austerus. Lk. Skt. Lind. Rush. 19, 21.
scripp, es; n. (?) A scrip, bag :-- Petrus forlét lytle þing, scripp and net, ac hé forlét ealle þing, ðá ðá hé for Godes lufon nán þing habban nolde, Homl. Th. i 394, 7. [Horn tok burdon and scrippe, Horn. 1061. Palmere with pike ne with scrippe, Piers P. 5, 542. Scrippe pera, Prompt. Parv. 450. Icel. skreppa.]
scrippa, an; m. ? :-- Of dære díc on ðone midmestan scrippan, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 78, 27.
scriptor occurs in the compound tíd-scriptor chronographus. Wrt. Voc. ii. 131, 8. [Cf. O. H. Ger. scriptora; n. pl. scripiores. ]
scriða or scriðu, an; m. or f. A chariot :-- Scriðena ɫ cræta bigarum, curruum, Hpt. Gl. 457, 77. v. scrid.
scríðan; p. scráð, pl. scridon; pp. scriden, scriðen. I. to go, take one's way to a place :-- Drihten gecwyð : 'Ástígaþ nú áwyrgde in ðæt wítehús. ' Sóna æfter ðǽm wordum werige gástas hwyrftum scríðaþ in ðæt sceaðena scræf, Cd. Th. 304, 17; Sat. 631. Men ne cunnon hwyder helrúnan hwyrftum scríðaþ. Beo. Th. 329; B. 163. Com on wanre niht scrídan sceadugenga, 1410; B. 703. II. to go hither and thither, go about, wander: -- Líg scríðeþ geond woruld wide fire shall spread itself far and wide through the world, Exon. Th. 51, 3; Cri. 810. Fífte cyn is wídscriþelra hleápera, ðe under muneces gegyrlan ǽghwider scríaþ, R. Ben. 135, 21. Bana wíde scráð (of the destroying angel that smote the firstborn of Egypt), Cd. Th. 180, 3; Exod. 39. Ðæt hine ne worian ne scríðan (uagari) ne lyste, R. Ben. 126, 18. Swá scríðende hweorfaþ gleómen, Exon. Th. 326, 27; Víd. 135. III. of the gliding motion of a ship, cloud, etc., or of the motion of a heavenly body in its orbit:---Ne æt mé hrisil scríðeþ, Exon. Th. 417, 20; Rä. 36, 7. Sió scíre scell scríðeþ ymbútan dógora gehwylce the heavens make one revolution each day, Met. 20, 174: 28, 16. Suine tungl scríðaþ leng útan ymb eall ðis, 28, 8. Wolcnu scríðaþ clouds sail along, Menol. Fox 486; Gn. C. 13. Leax sceal on wǽle mid sceote scríðan, 539; Gn. C. 40. Sægl (the sun) gewát under scríðan, Andr. Kmbl. 2913; An. 1459. Léton scríðan bronte brimþisan, Elen. Kmbl. 474; El. 237. Scríðende (revolving) færþ hweóle gelícost, Met. 20, 216. Scríðende scín (the storm-clouds). Exon. Th. 385, 29; Rä. 4, 52. Ofer ðæne (sǽ) oft scipu scríðende fleótaþ. Ps. Th. 103, 24. IV. of the increase or decrease of light :-- Heó ðæt leóht geseah ellor scríðan. Cd. Th. 48, 9; Gen. 773. Niht ofer ealle scríðan cwóme. Beo. Th. 1305; B. 650. V. of the coming of times or seasons, of the passage of time :-- Ðæs scríð ymb seofon niht Weódmónaþ on tun, Menol, Fox 270; Men. 136. Dagas forþ scridun, Exon. Th. 160, 12; Gú. 942. Ofer niðða beam nihtrim scridon, 167, 35; Gú. 1070. Cymeþ wlitig scríðan on tun Maius, Menol. Fox 152; Men. 77. Ðenden him ðeós woruld scríðende scínan móte, Exon. Th. 97, 3; Cri. 1585. Mín feorh ende geséceþ dæg scríðende, ðonne dógor beóþ mín forþ scriðen, 164, 10 -16; Gú. 1011. [Ða com Scottene king scriðen to hirede, Laym. 10799. He scrað (com, 2nd MS. ) to þisse londe, 4109. Tweien scalkes scriðen under bordes & skirmden, 8405. None of þe Normandes fro þam might skrith, Min. v. 68. To scrythe labi, Cath. Angl. 326. O. Sax. scríðan, scrídan to go, pass (of time, light) : O. H. Ger. scrítan gradi: Icel. skríða to creep, crawl; to glide, slide. ] v. geond-, tó-, þurh -, ymb-scrídan.
scriðe, es; m. A course :-- Ða habbaþ scyrtran scriðe and færeld, ymbhwerft læssan ðonne óðru tungl, Met. 28, 11. [O. H. Ger. scrit gradus, passus : Icel. skriðr a creeping or sliding motion. ]
scriðol, scritta. v. wíd-scriðol, scrætte.
Scrobbes-burh; f. Shrewsbury :-- Ðá férdon hí intó Stæffordscíre and intó Scrobbesbyrig, Chr. 1016; Erl. 154, 4. Cf. Civitas Scrobbensis, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. ii. 137, 24.
Scrobbesbyrig-scír, and later Scrob-scír; f. Shropshire :-- Ðá wæs se cyng gewend ofer Temese intó Scrobbesbyrigsctre, Chr. 1006; Erl. 140, 29. Hugo eorl of Scrobscíre, 1094; Erl. 230, 37.
Scrob-sǽte, -sǽtan; pl. The men of Shropshire; also used where now the name of their district would be used, Shropshire :-- Dá fyrdedon hí intó Stæffordscíre and meó Scrobsǽton, Chr. 1016; Erl. 154, 22.
scrofell, es; n. (?) Scrofula :-- Cyrneles and scrofelles and ǽghwylces yfles, Lchdm. iii. 62, 22.
scrúd, es; n. I. dress, clothing, attire :-- Hræglung vestitus, scruud habitus, Wrt. Voc. i. 39, 69. Hwæt begytst ðú of ðínum cræfte ? Bigleofan and scrúd (vestitum) and feoh, Coll. Monast. Th. 23, 5. Hé sylþ him andlyfene and scrúd dat ei victum et vestitum, Deut. 10, 18 : L. Pen. 15; Th. ii. 282, 26. II. an article of dress, a garment :-- Scrúd vestis, clamis. Wrt. Voc. i. 25, 50. Cildes scrúd praetexta, 25, 56. Sléfleás scrúd colobium, sléfleás ancra scrúd levitonarium, 40, 20, 21. Scrúde melote, veste, Hpt. Gl. 492, 52. Hé sealde hira ǽlcum twá scrúd (stolas), and hé sealde Beniamine fíf scrúd, Gen 45, 22. [Laym. scrud : Orm. shrud: A. R. schrud : Ayenb. ssroud : Piers P. shroud dress, garment : Icel. skrúð shrouds of a ship, tackle.] v. beadu-, byrdu-, gúþ-, munuc-, nun-, ofer-, wíf-scrúd.
scrúd-fultum, es; m. Assistance in providing clothing; the word occurs in grants made to religious houses of funds for the provision of clothing :-- Ealle ða sócna ofer ðæt fennland him (the monks of Ely) tó scrúdfultume (cf. stent causas seculares emendandae fratrum loco manentium victui vel vestitui necessaria ministrantes, p. 238), Chart. Th. 242, 18. Twelf hída to scrúdfultume ðam híréde (Winchester), 499, 13. Ic habbe gifen ðæt land intó Sanctes Petres mynstre intó Baðan ðam munecan tó scrúdfultume. Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iv. 171, 15. v. next word.
scrúd-land, es; n. Land given to provide means for buying clothing, land given as scrúdfultum, q. v. :-- Hé geunn(-ann?) ðæs landes æt Orpedingtúne for his sáwle intó Cristes cyrican ðám Godes þeówum tó scrúdland. Chart. Th. 329, 19.
scrudnian, scrutnian; p. ode To examine carefully, consider, investigate :-- Ic scrudnige ɫ ic smeáge bebodu Godes mínes scrutabor mandata Dei mei, Ps. Lamb. 118, 115. And Drihten on micelre folces menige smeáþ and scrutnoþ (scrudnaþ, MS. T. ) hwæt ða feáwa syndan ðe his willan wyrcean willen et querens Dominus in multitudine populi, R. Ben. 2, 16. Míne gebroðra, scrutniaþ mid hú wáclícum wurðe Godes ríce biþ geboht, Homl. Th. i. 582, 25. Twá þing sind ðe wé sceolon carfullíce scrutnian, ii. 82, 25. Scrutniende scrutando, investigando. Hpt. Gl. 410, 12. Tó ásmeásgánne mid scrutniendre scrutnunge, Anglia viii. 302, 36. Scrudinend (scrudniend ?) scrutantes, Ps. Spl. 63, 6. [Cf. O. H. Ger. scródon, scrutón scrutari.] v. a-scrudnian.
scrudnung, scrutnung, e; f. Examination, investigation, enquiry :-- Hé began mid geornfulre scrudnunge smeágan and áhsian be ðám gebodum ðæs hálgan regules, Lchdm. iii. 440, 20. Tó ásmeáganne mid scrutniendre scrutnunge. Anglia viii. 302, 36.
scrúd-waru, e; f Habit, dress :-- Ðæt hé (a monk) healdan wille his clǽunisse and munuclíce scrúdware, L. Eth. v. 6; Th. i. 306, 9: vi. 3; Th. i. 314, 27.
scruf, scrutnian, scrutnung. v. scorf, scrudnian, scrudnung.
scrybb, e; f. Scrub, underwood, shrubbery :-- Of ðare stánstrǽte andlang scrybbe. Chart. Th. 525, 21.
scrýdan; p. de. I. to put clothes on a person, to clothe a person with (mid) a garment, to dress :-- Ic mé scrýde induo, Ælfc. Gr. 28, 2; Zup. 167, 2. Ic [mé] scrýdde mid hǽran induebar cilicio. Ps. Spl. 34, 15. Heó scrýdde Iacob mid ðam deórwurðustan reáfe vestibus valde bonis induit eum, Gen. 27, 15. Hine man efosode and scrýdde hine and brohte hine tó ðam cynge Joseph totonderunt, ac veste mutata ob'ulerunt et, 41, 14. Hé scrídde (vestivit) ðone bisceop mid línenum reáfe, Lev. 8, 7. Ic wæs nacud and gé mé scrýddon (operuistis). Mt. Kmbl. 25, 36, 38. Módor, scrýd (vesti) ðínne sunu, Æltc. Gr. 18; Zup. 111, 3. Ne scríde nán wíf hig mid wǽpmannes reáfe, Deut. 22, 5. II. to clothe, to furnish with clothes, provide with clothes :-- Hé scrýt mé wel and félt, Coll. Monast. Th. 22, 33. Gif æcyres weód God scrýt, Mt. Kmbl. 6, 30. Scrýtt, Lk. Skt. 12, 28. Hé ní fédan scolde and scrýdan, Chr. 1012; Erl. 147, 11. Hingrigendumger. dum mele syllan and nacode scrýdan, Blickl. Homl. 213, 18. III. to put on a garment :-- Wlite ðú scrýddest decorem induisti, Ps. Spl. 103, 2. Linen reáf scrédan sume seócnysse ge' ácnaþ (in a dream) to put on a linen garment betokens some sickness, Lchdm. iii. 206. 30. IV. to rig a ship (? cf. shrouds of a ship : Icel. skrúð the shrouds of a ship, standing rigging; tackle, gear) :-- Is ðeós bát fulscríd, Ardr. Kmbl. 992; An. 496. [He hine lette ueden, he hine lette scruden, Laym. 8945. Nolde þe neodfule ueden ne schruden, A. R. 214, 17. He wollde shridenn uss wiþþ heofennlike wæde, Orm. 3676. He ne hauede nouth to shride but a kowel, Havel. 963. Ssrede þe poure, Ayenb. 90, 25. Icel. skrýða to clothe, dress.] v. ge-, mis-, un-, ymb-scrýdan; wan-scrýd.
scrynce; adj. Withered :-- Menigo ðara unbálra blindena haltra scryngcara (giscrungeura, Rush.: forscruncenra, W. S. ) multitudo languenlium, caecorum, claudorum, aridorum, Jn. Skt. Lind. 5, 3. Cf. scrence, and for the inflexion tuoegara, 8, 17.
scucca, sceucca, sceocca, scocca, an; m. A devil, demon; in sing generally the devil, Satan, Beelzebub :-- Wæs se scucca (Satan) him betwux. Tó ðæm cwæð Drihten: 'Hwanon cóme ðú?' Se sceocca andwyrde: 'Ic férde geond ðás eorþan,' Homl. Th. ii. 446, 25-27. Se scucca, 452, 13, 17. Se sceocca, 448, 4. Gang ðú sceocca (sceucca, MS. A. ) on bæc vade Satanas, Mt. Kmbl. 4, 10. Æfter ðæs sceoccan (scoccan. Thw. ) éhtnysse, Homl. Th. ii. 450, 3. Sceoccan Belzebulis, Germ. 399, 267. Sceoccan betǽht tó flǽsces forwyrde, R. Ben. 50, 1. Deóful ɫ scuccan Zabulun, Hymn. Surt. 115, 15. Ða áwyrigedan sceoccan (scuccan), Homl. Th. i. 68, 1 : Wulfst. 249, 1. Þurh ðara scuccena lotwrencas, Bt. 39, 6; Fox 220, 14. Scucna englas, Blickl. Homl. 189, 7. Ðæt hié leóda landgeweorc láþum beweredon scuccum and scinnum, Beo. Th. 1882; B. 939. Ongunnan heora bearn blótan feóndum, sceuccum onsæcgean immolaverunt filios suos et filias suas daemoniis, Ps. Th. 105, 27. The word is found in the name of a place, Scuccanhláu, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. i. 196, 1. [Þu scheomelese schucke (the reeve that condemned St. Margaret), Marh. 7, 26. Þe laðe unwiht, þe hellene schucke, H. M. 41, 35. Schenden þene sckucke (schucke), A. R. 316, 11.] Þe scucke wes bitweonen, Laym. 276. Þu (the reeve before whom Juliana was brought) þat schucke art schucken (shuken, Bod. MS. ) herien, Jul. 56, 2.]
scucc-gild, es; n. An idol :-- Hí sceuccgyldum guldan servierunt sculptilibus eorum, Ps. Th. 105, 26.
scúdan to shake, tremble, shiver, shudder :-- Hý (Adam and Eve) on uncýððu scomum scúdende scofene wurdon on gewinworuld they shivering with shame into a strange land were thrust, into a world of struggle, Exon. Th. 153, 19; Gú. 828. [Cf. O. Sax. skuddian: O. Frs. skedda: O. H. Ger. scuten, scutten to shake (trans. ): O. L. Ger. scuddinga exclussus.]
scúfan, scéufan, sceófan; p. sceáf, pl. scufon, sceufon, sceofon; pp. scofen, sceofen To shove, push, thrust; trudere, praecipitare :-- Ic sceúfe (sceófe, scúfe) praecipito, Ælfc. Gr. 24; Zup. 137, 11 : trudo, 28, 4; Zup. 171, 1. Scífþ trudit, Hpt. Gl. 406, 71. Scúfaþ praecipitate, Wrt. Voc. ii. 68, 78. I. to shove, push, try to move something :-- Hé sceáf mid ðam scylde. ðæt se sceaft tóbærst, Byrht. Th. 135, 50; By. 136. Sume sceufon, sume tugon, and seó Godes fǽmne hwæðre stód. Shrn. 154, 26. II. to shove, thrust, cause to move with violence. (1) literal :-- Ðá ne gelífde Apollonius ðæt heó his gemæcca wǽre ac sceáf hí fram him, Ap. Th. 25, 6. Hé sceáf reáf of líce. Cd. Th. 94, 20; Gen. 1564. Hí dracan scufon, wyrm ofer weallclif, Beo. Th. 6254; B 3131. 'Uton hine underbæc sceófan' . . . Hí ðá hine underbæc scufon . . . ac hé næs ácweald þurh ðam heálícan fylle, Homl. Th. ii. 300, 14-20. Hét his scealcas scúfan ða hyssas in bǽlblýse, Cd. Th. 230, 11; Dan. 231 : Exon. Th. 142, 21; Gú. 647. Leahtra lease in ðæs leádes wylm scúfan, 277, 21; Jul. 584. Scúfan scyldigne in seáþ. Elen. Kmbl. 1380; El. 692. Ús ys miht geseald ðe tó sceófanne on ðás wítu ðisse deópnysse, Guthl. 5; Gdwin. 38, 17. (2) of proceedings which imply violence, to thrust into prison, out of a place, etc. :-- Drihten heó (the fallen angels) furðor sceáf in ðæt neowle genip, Cd. Th. 292, 24; Sat. 445. Hig scufon (ejecerunt) hine of ðære ceastre. Lk. Skt. 4, 29. Sume scufon heora mágas forþ tó heofenan ríce, and férdon him sylfe tó helle wíte, Homl. Th. ii. 542, 22. Búton man ágeáfe Eustatsius and his men heom tó hand sceofe unless Eustace were given up and his men were handed over to them, Chr. 1052; Erl. 179, 22. Se cyning wæs yrre wið mé and hét sceófan mé on cweartern me retrudi jussit in carcerem, Gen. 41, 10. Gé (devils) scofene wurdon fore oferhygdum in éce fýr. Exon. Th. 140, 5; Gu. 605. Hý (Adam and Eve) scofene wurdon on gewinworuld, 153, 20; Gú. 828. III. to shove, push, cause to move (without notion of violence) :-- Hí scufon út heora scipu and gewendon heom begeondan sǽ, Chr. 1048; Erl. 180, 15 : Beo. Th. 436; B. 215. IV. of the production of natural phenomena :-- Metod æfter sceáf ǽfen, Cd. Th. 9, 4; Gen. 136. Ðá wæs morgenleóht scofen and scynded, Beo Th. 1840; B. 918. [Cf. Grmm. D. M. 706.] V. to push a person's cause. advance, forward, cf. scyfe, II :-- Scúfeþ Freá forþwegas folmum sínum, willan ðínne, Cd. Th. 170, 13; Gen. 2812. VI. to urge, prompt a thought or action, cf. scyfe, III :-- Mid ðý se weriga gást ða synne scýfþ on móde cum malignus spiritus peccatum suggerit in mente. Bd. I. 27; S. 497, 19 note. VII. to push on or forward, to move (intrans.) :-- Merecondel (the sun) scýft on ofdæle, Met. 13, 58. Werige gástas scúfaþ tó grunde in ðæt nearwe níþ, Cd. Th. 304, 21; Sat. 633. [Goth. skiuban : O. Frs. skúva : O. H. Ger. sciuban : Icel. skýfa (wk.) to shove, drive, push.] v. á-, æt-, be-, for-, óþ-, tó-, wið-scúfan.
[sculan, sceolan]; ic, hé sceal, scal, ðú scéalt, pl. wé sculon, sceolon; p. sceolde, scolde, scealde, scalde; subj. prs, scyle, scile, sciele, scule. I. to owe; debere :-- Án him sceolde (scalde, Rush. : áhte tó geldanne, Lind. ) týn þúsend punda. Se hláford forgeaf him ðone gylt. Se þeówa gemétte hys efcnþfówan, se him sceolde (sculde, Rush.) án hund penega, and hé cwæð; 'Ágyf ðæt ðú mé scealt,' Mt. Kmbl. 18, 24. 28. Hú mycel scealt ðú (áht ðú tó geldanne. Lind. ) mínum hláforde? Lk. Skt. 16, 5, 7. Gif hwá óðrum scyle (scule) borh oððon bóte, gelǽste hit georne, L. Eth. v. 20; Th. i. 308, 31. [Cf. Uoryef me þet ich þe ssel, Ayenb. 115, 29. By the feith I shal Priam, Tr. and Cr. iii. 472.] II. denoting obligation or constraint of various kinds, shall, must, ought, (I) have or am (with infin. ), am bound, with an infinitive expressed or that may be inferred from a preceding clause. (1) denoting a duty, moral obligation :-- Ðú scealt on ǽghwylce tíd Godes willan wercan, Blickl. Homl. 67, 33. Nǽnig mon ne sceal lufian ne ne géman his gesibbes, gif. . . (it is a man's duty not to love), 23, 16. Swá sceal oretta á in his móde Gode compian, Exon. Th. 122, 33; Gú. 315. God sceal mon ǽrest hergan, 333, 15; Gn. Ex. 4. Swá hire eaforan sculon æfter lybban, ðonne hié lád gedðþ, hié sculon lufe wyrcean, Cd. Th. 39, 12; Gen. 624. Næs fela manna, ðe hogade ymbe ða bóte swá georne, swá man scolde (sceolde, MS. B. ), Wulfst. 156, 12. Hé (the bishop) ne cúðe dón his gerihte swá wel swá hé sceolde. Chr. 1047; Erl. 177, 9. Ðá andswarede se cyning ðæt hé ǽgðer ge wolde ge scolde ðam geleáfán onfón rex suscipere se fidem et velle et debere respondebat, Bd. 2, 13; S. 515, 35. Hwider hyra gehwylc faran scolde, Blickl. Homl. 229, 5. Seó lufu ðe wé tó úrum Hǽlende habban sceoldan, 109, 4. Forðæm ne scyle nán wís man nǽnne mannan hatian, Bt. 38, 7; Fox 210, 15. (2) shall, ought as being fit, right, proper, in accordance with reason:--Ic mid grápe sceal fón wið feónde, Beo. Th. 881; B. 438. Hwý sceal ic æfter his hyldo þeówian . . . ic mæg wesan god swá hé, Cd. Th. 18, 33; Gen. 282. Se ðe tó reccenddóme cuman sceal qui ad regimen venire debeat, Past. 11; Swt. 61, 5. Forðan sceal gehycgan hæleða ǽghwylc, ðæt hé ne ábælige bearn Waldendes, Cd. Th. 276, 25; Sat. 194. Ðonne gé geseóþ ðære tóworpednysse ásceonunge standan ðǽr heó ne sceal (ríseþ, Rush.), Mk. Skt. 13, 14. Be úre ǽhé sceal (gedaefnaþ, Lind.) sweltan debet mori, Jn. Skt. 19, 7. Seó cyrice sceal fédan ða ðe æt hire eardiaþ, Blickl. Homl. 41, 27: 47, 21. Hwæt sculon wé nú dón tó ðam dæt wé mǽgon cumon tó ðám sóþum gesǽlþum quid nunc faciendum, ut illius summi boni sedem reperire mereamur? Bt. 33, 3; Fox 126, 32. Démaþ ús hwylcum deáðe wé sweltan sceulon, for ðam ðe wé ðone Hǽlend tó deáðe gesealden, St. And. 36, 16. Oncnáwan hwǽr wé sǽlan sceolon sundhengestas, Exon. Th. 54, 3; Cri. 863. Ne sceole gé swá sófte sine gegangan, Byrht. Th. 133, 32; By. 59. Ne sceolon unc betweónan teónan weaxan, Cd. Th. 114, 10; Gen. 1902. His weorc sceolon beón ðæs weorðe, ðæt him óðre menn onhyrien, Past. ll, 1; Swt. 61, 17. Ic worda gespræc má ðonne ic sceolde, Andr. Kmbl. 1848; An. 926: Hy. 3, 43. Ðone máððum ðe ðú mid rihte rǽdan sceoldest, Beo. Th. 4119; B. 2056. Swylc sceolde secg wesan æt þearfe, 5410; B. 2708. Gúþbill geswác, swá hit nó sceolde, 5164; B. 2585. Oft mon forlǽt ðone ege ðe hé mid ryhte on him innan habban scolde, Past. 4, 1; Swt. 37, 18. Hé ús lǽrde, hú wé ús gebiddan sceoldan, Blickl. Homl. 19, 36. Hí cuǽdon, ðæt hié ðæt tó his honda healdan sceoldon, forðæm hira nán næs on fædrenhealfe tó geboren, Chr. 887; Erl. 86, 4. Hú hié libban sceoldon, Cd. Th. 52, 30; Gen. 851. Hié níþ áhófon, swá hié nó sceoldon, Elen. Kmbl. 1673; El. 838. Gif ic scile etsi oportuerit me, Mk. Skt. Lind. 14, 31. Hú hé scyle (scile, Cott. MSS.) eall earfoðu forsión quod adversa quaeque despicienda sunt, Past. 3; Swt. 33, 4. Ne scyle nán mon blǽcern ǽlan under mittan, 5, l; Swt. 43, 2. Hú gehiérsum ðǽm ðe hé mid ryhte hiéran sciele, 9; Swt. 56, 14: 10; Swt. 60, 6. (3) denoting obligation to perform an engagement, to do appointed work, to carry out the terms of an agreement:--Wísdómes beþearf se ðære æðelan sceal andwyrde ágifan he will need wisdom to whom the task of giving an answer is assigned, Elen. Kmbl. 1085; El. 545. Sume sceolon (it will be the task of some) hweorfan geond hæleþa land, Cd. Th. 281, ll; Sat. 270. Næs ðæt forma síð ðæt hit (the sword) ellenweorc æfnan scolde, Beo. Th. 2933; B. 1464. Ðonne scyldfreca ongeán gramum gangan scolde, 2073; B. 1034. Ðone ende ðe Æðeréd healdan sceolde, Chr. 894; Erl. 92, 2. Hí woldon ðisne eard healdan, and hé hí fédan scolde and scrýdan, 1012; Erl. 147, 10. Bútan ðǽm monnum ðe ða burga healdan scolden, Erl. 90, 19. Sceótend swǽfon, ða ðæt hornreced healdan scoldon, Beo. Th. 1413; B. 704. His scipu sceoldan cumon ongeán, ac hí ne mihton, Chr. 1000; Erl. 137, 3. Gnornian hú oft hé feohtan scule (scyle, Cott. MS.), Bt. 40, 3; Fox 238, 10. (4) denoting bidding, commanding:--'Hwæt sceal ic singan ?' Cwæð hé: 'Sing mé frumsceaft,' Bd. 4, 24; S. 597, 16. Hǽlend him cwæð: 'Ðú scealt fylgean mé,' Blickl. Homl. 23, 14: Cd. Th. 139, 15; Gen. 2310: 172, 29; Gen. 2851. Scealtú mid ǽrdæge ceól gestígan, Andr. Kmbl. 439; An. 220. Ic secge ðæt hé sceal wesan Ismahel háten, Cd. Th. 138, 2; Gen. 2285. Ne sceolon gé míne ða hálgan hrínan, Ps. Th. 104, 13. Ne scule gé hit þurhteón, 4, 5. Sægþ on ðissum bócum, ðæt Drihten cwǽde, ðæt ðis mennisce cyn ne sceolde ágímeleásian, ðæt hié sealdon heora wæstma fruman for Gode, Blickl. Homl. 41, 4: Exon. Th. 15, 9; Cri. 233. Se (God) ús ðás láde sceóp, ðæt wé on Egiptum sceolde ús fremu sécan, Cd. Th. 110, 23; Gen. 1842. Hé ús gesette ðæt wé hine biddan sceoldan he made this ordinance for us, that we should pray to him, Blickl. Homl. 21, 3. Ða þing ðe ic eów foresægde, ðæt gé dón sceoldon, 131, 34. Landfranc bebéad ðan munecan, ðæt hí scoldan hí unscrýdan, Chr. 1070; Erl. 208, 8. Hé oncwæð, ðæt hié gyldan sceolde, Cd. Th. 229, 5; Dan. 212. 'On ðæt fýr gé (the wicked at the day of judgment) hreósan sceolan.' Ne mágon hí gehýnan heofoncyninges bibod, Exon. Th. 93, 11; Cri. 1524. (5) where the obligation results from a law, statute, regulation:--Se byrdesta sceall gyldan fíftýne mearðes fell, Ors. l, l; Swt. 18, 19. Nú sceal beón ǽfre on Ii abbod, and ná biscop, and ðan sculon beón underþeódde ealle Scotta biscopas, Chr. 565; Erl. 18, 6. Sceolde sweordes ecg feorh ácsigan, Andr. Kmbl. 2266; An. 1134. Se ðe scyle (since the regulations of the Penitential require it) áne wucan dǽdbóte dón, L. Ecg. C. 2; Th. ii. 134, 13. (6) denoting the necessity of fate, of the order of providence, shall, must as being decreed by fate or providence:--Ðú scealt greót etan ðíne lífdagas, Cd. Th. 56, 9; Gen. 909. Ðú eart eorþe, and þú scealt eft tó eorþan weorðan, Blickl. Homl. 123, 9. Gyt scyl (sceal, MS. A.) beón gefylled ðæt be mé áwriten is, Lk. 22, 37. Sceal hine wulf etan his fate will be to be eaten by a wolf (cf. swá missenlíce Dryhten eallum dǽleþ, 331, 6; Vy. 64), Exon. Th. 328, 5; Vy. 12 (and often). Mon sceal on eorþan geong ealdian, 333, 21; Gn. Ex. 7. Gǽþ á wyrd swá hió scel, Beo. Th. 915; B. 455. Hié (the Jews) God sylfne áhéngon; ðæs hié sculon wergðu dreógan, Elen. Kmbl. 420; El. 210: Exon. Th. 455, 28; Hy. 4, 56. Hí ðǽr geférdon máran hearm ðonne hí ǽfre wéndon ðæt him ǽnig burhwaru gedón sceolde more than they ever expected it would be the fate of any citizens to do them, Chr. 994; Erl. 132. 22. Ðá hé from sceolde niþþum hweorfan, Cd. Th. 74, 15; Gen. 1222. Nǽnig heora þohte ðæt hé ðanon scolde eft gesécean folc every one of them thought himself fated not to visit his people again, Beo. Th. 1387; B. 691. Ðonne ðú forþ scyle metodsceaft seón, 2363; B. 1179: Cd. Th. 63, 27; Gen. 1038. Se dæg ðe hé sceole wið ðæm líchomon hine gedǽlon, Blickl. Homl. 97, 20. Hwæðer ðis þúsend sceole beón scyrtre þe lengre, 119, 6. Scile, Beo. Th. 6335; B. 3177. Ðeáh gé wénen ðæt gé lange libban scylan, Bt. 19; Fox 70, 15. Nele se Waldend ðæt forweorðan scylen sáula ússe it is not God's will, that our souls be destined to destruction (but cf. hé nyle ðæt ða sáula forweorðan, Bt. 34, 8; Fox 144, 37), Met. 21, 34. (7) to be forced, must because there is no possible alternative, because one cannot help one's self:--Nú sceal ic (Hagar) on wéstenne witodes bídan, Cd. Th. 137, 16; Gen. 2274. Ic (Satan) sceal bídan in bendum, 268, 1; Sat. 48. Ic teáras sceal geótan, Exon. Th. 11, 18; Cri. 172. Ne sceal ic míne onsýn fore eówere mengu míþan, 144, 16; Gú. 679. Ðú scealt furþor síþfæt secgan, 261, 18; Jul. 317. Blind sceal his eágna þolian, 335, 27; Gn. Ex. 39. On ðǽm gesuincum hé sceal hine selfne geþencean ðeáh hé nylle in adversis ad sui memoriam nolens etiam coactusque revocatur, Past. 3, 1; Swt. 35, 7. Sculon hié ðás helle sécan, Cd. Th. 26, 14; Gen. 406. Ðú neorxna wonges wlite nýde sceoldes ágiefan, Exon. Th. 86, 11; Cri. 1406. Ordfruma earmre láfe ðære ðé ðǽm hǽðenan hýran sceolde, Cd. Th. 225, 13; Dan. 153. Scolde, Beo. Th. 20; B. 10: 1935; B. 965. Hyne Hetware gehnǽgdon mid ofermægene, ðæt se byrnwíga búgan sceolde, 5829; B. 2918. Sceoldon wræcmæcgas ofgiefan gréne beorgas, Exon. Th. 116, 5; Gú. 202. Ðonne hí siófian scioldon when they could not help sighing, Met. 26, 82. Ðý læs ic scyle leng þrowian, Andr. Kmbl. 154; An. 77. Hé tó foo gif hé niéde sciele coactus ad regimen veniat, Past. 9; Swt. 59, 9. (8) to be obliged, must, shall because from the conditions or nature of a case no alternative is admissible, because a conclusion is inevitable:--Gif ðæt wíf nele hider tó lande mid mé, sceal ic lǽdan ðínne sunu eft tó ðam lande ðe ðú of férdest? Gen. 24, 5. Nú ic eówer sceal frumcyn witan, ǽr gé furþur féran, Beo. Th. 508; B. 251. Ic forworht hæbbe hyldo ðíne, forðon ic lástas sceal weán on wénum wíde lecgan, Cd. Th. 63, 3; Gen. 1026. Ðú meaht be sumum tácnum ongietan, hwæs ðú wénan scealt what with certainty you may expect, Past. 21, 3; Swt. 157, 20. Se ðe wille Drihtne bringan gecwéme lácfæsten, ðonne sceal hé ðæt mid ælmessan fullian, Blickl. Homl. 37, 18. Nú sceal hé sylf faran, ne mæg his ǽrende his boda beódan, Cd. Th. 35, 18; Gen. 556. Ðonne hé æt hilde sceall lífes tiligan, Salm. Kmbl. 320; Sal. 159. Eart ðú ðe tó cumenne eart, hwæðer ðe wé óðres scylon (sceolon, MS. A.: sculon, MSS. B. C.) onbýdan (expectamus), Lk. Skt. 7, 19, 20. Sceolon, Mt. Kmbl. 11, 3. Forðon wit sculon unc staðolwangas rúmor sécan, Cd. Th. 114, 29; Gen. 1911. Ðǽr hig ǽnne sculan eard weardian, Ps. Th. 132, l. Sculun, Runic pm. Kmbl. 343, 21; Rún. 21. Ðý sceolon gelýfan eorlas, hwset mín æðelo sién, Andr. Kmbl. 1466; An. 734. Ne sceolon mé þegenas ætwítan men shall not reproach me (because there will not be the slightest grounds for reproach), Byrht. Th. 138, 14; By. 220. Wénde ic ðæt ðú ðý wærra weorðan sceolde I expected that you must have got more cautious, Exon. Th. 268, 1; Jul. 425. Ðá sceolde hé ðǽr bídan ryhtnorþanwindes, Ors. 1. 1; Swt. 17, 17. Scolde herebyrne sund cunnian, Beo. Th. 2890; B. 1443. Hit ofetes noman ágan sceolde, Cd. Th. 44, 35; Gen. 719. Ne meahton leng somed heora begra ð;ǽr ǽhte habban, ac sceoldon ða rincas ðý sécan ellor éðelseld, 113, 29; Gen. 1894. Mé þincþ wundor tó hwon ðú sceole for ówiht ðysne man habban ungelǽredne fiscere what reason obliges you to hold this man, an ignorant fisherman, as of any account? Blickl. Homl. 179, 13. Gif hine mon tó genédan scyle, and hé elles nylle if there is no other course open but to compel him, L. Alf. pol. l; Th. i. 60, 13. Seó orsorge wyrd simle líhþ, ðæt mon scyle wénan, ðæt heó seó sió sóþe gesǽlþ, Bt. 20; Fox 70, 30. (9) denoting need, shall, must, where an end is to be attained or a task to be completed or a purpose to be served:--Hwæt sceal ic má secgean fram Sancte Iohanne what more need I say of St. John? Blickl. Homl. 169. 24. Ðæt scell ǽgleáwra mann ðonne ic mé tælige findan on ferðe a more learned man than I reckon myself is necessary to perform the task, Andr. Kmbl. 2965; An. 1485. Sculan wé gyt martira gemynd má áreccan, Menol. Fox 136; Men. 68. 'Satan ic ðǽr (in hell) sécan wille.' . . . Sceolde hé ða brádan lígas sécan, Cd. Th. 47, 20; 763. Nihtweard (the fiery pillar) sceolde wícian ofer weredum, 185, 2; Exod. 116. Tó hwon sceolde ðeós smyrenes ðus beón tó lore gedón what end was to be served by thus wasting this ointment? Blickl. Homl. 69, 6. Hwý gé ǽfre scylen unrihtfióungum eówer mód dréfan quid tantos juvat excitare motus? Met. 27, l. (10) denoting the certainty of a future event, that results from a settled purpose or decision :-- lc gefremman sceal eorlíc ellen oððe endedæg mínne gebídan I am determined to do or die. Beo. Th. 1277; B. 636. Mid earum ne sceal ic (it is settled that I shall not) gehéran ðære béman stefne, Cd. Th. 275, 13; Sat. 171. Ðú scealt deáðe sweltan thou shalt surely die, Gen. 2, 17: Ps. Th. 118, 39. Ðæt ðú sunu Dryhtnes cennan sceolde, Exon. Th. 19, 10; Cri. 298. Hé (Christ) wiste, ðæt seó burh (Jerusalem) sceolde ábrocen weorþan. Blickl. Homl. 77, 29. On ðære nihte ðe hý on ðone dæig tógædere fón sceoldan. Chr. 992; Erl. 130, 32. Hæfdon hié on rúne áwriten wera endestæf, hwænne hié tó móse weorðan sceoldon, Andr. Kmbl. 274; An. 137. (10 a) denoting the certainty of a result under proper conditions :-- Ðú him fæste hel sóðan sprǽce, swá ðú mínum scealt feore gebeorgan you are then certain to save my life, Cd. Th. 110, 113; Gen. 1837. Forðan ðe (on account of his previous conduct) hé sceal éce wíte þrowian, Homl. Th. i. 66, 14: Blickl. Homl. 41, 32. Hú sceal min cuman gǽst tó geóce? Exon. Th. 124, 10; Gú. 337. Se hlǽw sceal tó gemyndum mínum leódum heáh hlifian on Hronesnæsse, Beo. Th. 5600; B. 2804. Wé cwǽdon ǽr, ðæt se sceolde lytel sáwan, se ðe him ðone wind ondréde, Past. 39; Swt. 285, 23. Wéndun gé ðæt gé Scyppende sceoldan gelíce wesan, Exon. Th. 141, 33; Gú. 636. Ðá héht se cásere gesponnan fiówer wildo hors . . . ðæt ða wildan hors scealden iornan on hearde wegas and him ða limo all tóbrecan. Shrn. 72, 1. Hé fægenaþ ðæs, hú hiene mon sciele (scyle, Hatt. MS.) herigean, Past. 8; Swt. 54, 7. Scile (sciele, Hatt. MS.), 9; Swt. 54, 19. Hé wéneþ ðæt hé sceole tó heofenum áhafen weorþan, Blickl. Homl. 185, 5. Gif wé ǽnige bóte gebídan sculan (scylen, MS. B. ) if improvement in our condition is certainly to take place. Wulfst. 157, 2. (11) denoting probability :-- Neron cwæð to Paule : 'Forhwon ne sprecst ðu, Paulus ?' Dá andswarede him Sanctus Paulus: ' Wénstú ðæt ic sceole sprecan to ðissum treówleásan men' do you think it likely that I shall speak to this false man ? Blickl. Homl. 183, 32. (12) as an auxiliary :-- Ic sceal rǽdan tó merigen lecturus sum cras, ðú scealt rǽdan lecturus es, hí sceolon (sceolan, sculon) rǽdan lecturi sunt, Ælfc. Gr. 24; Zup. 136, 10-12. Óðer participium is tówerdre tíde se ðe rǽdan sceal lecturus . . . ðæt ðe sceal beón gerǽd legendus, 41; Zup. 246, 10-15. Se ðe wyle oððe sceal sprecan loquuturus, Zup. 247, 15, 11: 248, 6. Se ðe sceal beón gecyssed osculandus, 248, 7. Sceal habba ɫ hæfis habebit, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 1, 23. Hæfeþ ɫ hé scile habba, 6, 24. Wé stíges ɫ wé scilon stíge ascendimus, 20, 18. Gé sciolon geseá ɫ gé geseás videbitis, 13, 14. Ne héras hiá ɫ ne sciolon gehéra non audiunt, 13, 13. Ðonne ðú ǽfre on moldan man gewurde oððe ǽfre fulwihte onfón sceolde, Soul Kmbl. 172; Seel. 86. On ðæs engles wordum wæs gehýred, ðæt þurh hire beorþor sceolde beón gehǽled eall wífa cynn and wera, Blickl. Homl. 5, 23. Ðá bæd Swegen hine ðet hé sceolde faran mid him, Chr. 1046; Erl. 174, 12. Wéndon ðæt hig sceoldon máre onfón plus essent accepturi, Mt. Kmbl. 20, 10. Ða ðonne ðe sió godcundde stefn þreáde and cuæð ðæt hié scolden leásunga wítgian. quos divinus sermo falsa videre redarguit, Past. 15, 2; Swt. 91, 8. Hyra þeáw wæs ðæt hí ða untruman in lǽdan sceoldan, Bd. 4, 24; S. 598, 28. Ðeáh hé micel áge, and him mon erigan scyle ǽghwelce dæg æcera þúsend, Met. 14, 4. (13) denoting an assertion not made by the speaker, when a statement is matter of report [cf. Ger. sollen, and the use of should in the following passage :-- There was something said about ane Campbell, that suld hae been concerned in the robbery, and that he suld hae had a warrant frae the Duke of Argyle, Rob Roy 1, 219] :-- Be ðære frécnan coþe; ðe se mon his útgang þurh ðone múþ sceal (is said) áspíwan. Hé sceal oft bealcettan, Lchdm. ii. 236, 13. Ys sǽd, ðæt Diana ðás wyrta findan scolde, i. 106, 5, 23. 120, 4. Ðú gehérdest reccan on ealdum leásum spellum, ðætte iob sceolde beón se héhsta god, Bt. 35, 4; Fox 162, 6. Ðá sǽdon hí, ðæt ðæs hearperes wíf sceoide ácwelan, and hire sáwle mon sceolde lǽdon tó helle. Ðá sceolde se hearpere weorðan swá sárig. . . Ðá hé ðider com, ða sceolde cuman ðære helle hund ongeán hine . . . se sceolde habban þrió heáfdu, 35, 6; Fox 168, 3-17: 38, 1, Fox 194, 30-34. Ðeáh hé Cristen beón sceolde though he was said to be a Christian, Bd. 2, 20; S. 521, 29. Fundon ðá leáse gewitan ðe forlugon Naboð ðæt hé sceolde wyrigan God (they brought reports of his blasphemy). Homl. Skt. i. 18, 197. Ulf biscop com and forneáh man sceolde tóbrecan his stef the report was that they were very near breaking his staff, Chr. 1047; Erl. 177, 7. Swá swá manige men sǽdon þe hit geseón sceoldan who were said to have seen it, 1098; Erl. 235, 5 : 1100; Erl. 235, 33. III. without an infinite (1) denoting constraint, necessity, need, fixed purpose :-- Ealle wyrd forsweóp míne mágas, ic him æfter sceal I must after them, Beo. Th. 5625; B. 2816. Hé sceal néde tó ðara hláforda dðme ðe hé hine ǽr underþeódde non facit, quod optat, ipse dominis pressus iniquis, Bt. 37, 1; Fox 186, 28. Sió manbðt ðe ðam hláforde sceal the fine that must go to the lord, L. In. 76; Th. i. 150, 16. Tó myclan bryce sceal micel bót nýde, and tó miclum bryne wæter unlytel, Wulfst. 157, 8. Earc sceal ðý máre the ark must be the bigger, Cd. Th. 79, 19; Gen. 1313. Hié tó helle sculon, Cd. Th. 45, 26; Gen. 732. Xersis áscade hwæt sceolde æt swá lytlum weorode mára fultum búton ða áne ðe him ǽr ábolgen wæs Xerxes demanded what a greater force was needed for in dealing with so small a band, than those only with whom he had before been angry, Ors. 2, 5; Swt. 80, 16. Eall swá hí sceoldon tó Sandwíc as if they had or purposed to go to Sandwich, Chr. 1049; Erl. 174, 26. Ðæt hé of ðisse worlde sceolde, Blickl. Homl. 225, 5. Ðonne seó eorþe him on ufan scealde when the earth came to be put upon them, Shrn. 81, 2, Ǽr hé onweg scyle before he die, Exon. Th. 310, 14; Scef. 74. (2) denoting obligation, fitness, propriety, use (cf. Ger. wozu soll dies ?) :-- Ðys sceal on twelftan dæg this is the proper gospel for twelfth-day (cf. ðys godspel gebyraþ, Rubc. 1. 18), Mt. Kmbl. Rubc. 2, 1 (and often). Hwæt scal déswá, láðlíc stríð what good will the strife do you ? Cd. Th. 41, 28; Gen. 663. Rǽd sceal mid snyttro . . . til sceal mid tilum. Exon. Th. 334, 26; Gn. Ex. 22. Wita sceal geþyldig, ne sceal nó tó hátheort, 290, 15; Wand. 65. Hige sceal þe heardra, mód sceal ðe máre, ðe úre mægen lytlaþ, Byrht. Th. 140, 62; By. 312. Hí gecnáwan ne cunnan ne ða medtrymnesse ne eác ða wyrta ðe ðǽrwið sculon, the herbs that are proper for the disease, Past. 1. 1; Swt. 25, 22. Óðre wyrtdrencas sculon (are proper), Lchdm. ii. 208, 3. Ðás wyrte sculon tó lungensealfe, iii. 16, 6. Hwæt sceolon (sculon, MS. H.) hí gesǽde nú wé swerian ne móton what good would they (adverbia jurativa) do stated, now we may not swear ? Ælfc. Gr. 38; Zup. 227, 10. Hé Sáxode ðone cásere hú hé embe hí sceolde how he was to deal with them, Homl. Skt. i. 5, 370. Ne meahte geþencan hú ymb ðæt sceolde what ought to be done about it, how the matter ought to be dealt with, Exon. Th. 378, 7; Deor. 12. Hwæt sceoldon (deberent) hig mé búton ic cúþe temian hig what good would they (hawks) be to me unless I knew how to tame them ? Coll. Monast. Th. 25, 23. Hié be ðæm wiston hwider hié sceoldon they knew by that in which direction they had to go, Ors. 3, 5; Swt. 106, 15. Hié wiston hú hié tó dǽm elpendon sceoldon they knew the proper way of attacking the elephants, 4, 1; Swt. 156, 17. Warnige man ðone stíwerd tó hwylcere stówe ðæt líc sceole, Chart. Th. 607, 15. Hwæt sceoldon ðé úre ælmessan? Wulfst. 240, 15. [Goth. [skulan]; prs. skal, pl. skulum; p. skulda: O. Sax. [skulan]; prs. skal, pl. skulun; p. skolda: O. Frs. skila; prs. skal, skel, skil, pl. skilun; p. skolde: O. H. Ger. scolan; prs. scal, pl. sculumes; p. scolta: Icel. skulu; prs. skal, pl. skulum; p. skyldi.]
sculdor; pl. (dual ?) sculdru (-o), sculdra; m. A shoulder :-- Sculdur scalpula, Wrt. Voc. ii. 120, 18: scapulus, i. 64, 68. Sculdor, 283, 6. Sculder scapula, 44, 27. His sculdor and his hleór wurdon ontende mid ðam fýre, Homl. Th. ii. 344, 16. Wæs ðæt bærnet on his sculdre æfre gesewen, 346, 26. On his sculdre in humero, Bd. 3, 19; S. 549, 15. Oþ ðone swíðran sculdor, Lchdm. ii. 198, 19. Duru ðæt mannes heáfod ge ða sculdro mágan in, Blickl. Homl. 127, 9. Sculdra scapula (-ae?), Wrt. Voc. i. 71, 19. On bǽm sculdrum in utroque humero, Past. 14, 3; Swt. 83, 9, 21. Hé onfeóld hys hrægl æt hys sceoldrum, Shrn. 98, 17. In scyldrum ɫ bæccum in humeros. Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 23, 4: Lk. Skt. Lind. Rush. 15, 5. Hí dydon ánne hwítel on hira sculdra pallium imposuerunt humeris suis, Gen. 9, 23: Bd. 3, 19; S. 549, 1. Sculdru (sculdra, MS. X. ), L. Ecg. C. 9; Th. ii. 140, 10. Gif mon óðrum ða sculdru forsleá, L. Alf. pol. 73; Th. i. 98, 21. Se sacerd smyreþ breóst and sculdru (sculdran, MS. E. ), Wulfst. 35, 16: Lchdm. ii. 260, 17. [Schuldren; pl. Jul. 49, 18. He let smyte of ys hede by þe ssoldren, R. Glouc. 313, 7. O. Frs. sculder: O. H. Ger. scultarra humerus, scapula, spadula.]
sculdor-hrægel, es; u. A garment to cover the shoulders :-- Sculdor-hrægl superhumerale, Wrt. Voc. i. 81, 44.
sculdor-wærc, re, es; m. Pain in the shoulders :-- Wið sculdorwærce and earma, Lchdm. ii. 340, 12 : 6, 2.
scunian, sceonian; p. ode. I. to shun, fear, avoid a thing from fear :-- Hé his hatunge fleáh and scunode. Guthl. 19; Gdwin. 76, 16. II. to be afraid :-- Scunian revereantur, Ps. Spl. T. 69, 2. III. to detest, abhor :-- Mid áne móde wurð hé gescunned uni animo detestetur, Chart. Th. 318, 37. [Mi uader scunede (sonede, 2nd MS.) þene cristindom & þa hæðene la&yogh;en luuede to swiðe, þa we sculleð sceonien (hatie, 2nd MS.), Laym. 14868. Birrþ þe shunenn (avoid from fear) to foll&yogh;henn ohht tærinne, Orm. 4502. Ancren owen to hatien ham, and schunien, þ heo ham ne iheren, A. R. 82, 23. Þu ahtest þis werc ouer alle þing to schunien (avoid with abhorrence, abhor), H. M. 35, 11. Al hit him uleh and scunede, þet him er luuede, O. E. Homl. i. 79, 29. &yogh;if him wrattheth, be ywar and his weye shonye (avoid from fear). Piers P. prol. 174.] v. á-, on-scunian.
scunung, e; f. An abomination :-- On scunungum in abominationibus, Cant. M. ad fil. 16. v. a-, on-scunung.
scúr, sceór, scyur, es; m. : e; f. (?) I a shower, storm of rain, snow, hail, etc. :-- Scúr nimbus, Wrt. Voc. i. 52, 60 : 76, 42. Scyúr (scúr, Rush.), Lk. Skt. Lind. 12, 54. Ðes scúr hic imber, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 18; Zup. 43, 7. Swylce scúr ofer gærs quasi imber super herbam, Cant. M. ad fil. 2. Rénes scúr, Exon. Th. 215, 1; Ph. 246. Regna scúr, Cd. Th. 252, 10; Dan. 576. Hægles scúr, 50, 13; Gen. 808. Syððan (after the overflow of the Nile) tó twelf mðndurn ne cymþ dǽr nán óðer scúr, óð ðæt seó eá eft up ábrece, Lchdm. iii. 254, 2. Ðonne sceór cymeþ, Andr. Kmbl. 1024; An. 512. Ðá wæs geblissod seó Godes burh for ðam cyme ðæs scúres ðe hý geclǽnsode fluminis impetus laetificat civitatem Dei, Ps. Th. 45, 4. Scúre nimbo, Wrt. Voc. ii. 61, 54: inserenae, Hpt. Gl. 514, 15. Scúras imbres, Ps. Lamb. 77, 44. Geþénsume scúras coloni nimbi, Wrt. Voc. ii. 134, 28. Wealcaþ hit (hail) windes scúras (? MS. scúra), Runic pm. Kmbl. 341, 6; Rún. 9. Scúra procellarum, Hpt. Gl. 509, 20 [H]reósendlícum scúrum ruituris imbribus, 499, 64: 501, 6: Wrt. Voc. ii. 47, 15. Seó lyft liccaþ ðone wǽtan of ealre eorþan and of ðære sǽ and gegaderaþ tó scúrum, Lchdm. iii. 276, 13. Weal sceal wiðstondan storma scúrum, Exon. Th. 281, 25; Jul. 651. I a. metaph. a shower of missiles:--Flána scúras, Judth. Thw. 24, 34; Jud. 221: Elen. Kmbl. 234; El. 117. Hygegár léteþ, scúrum sceóteþ, Exon. Th. 315, 22; Mód. 35. I b. a shower of blows of a hammer falling on a weapon (?):--Scearpne méce scúrum heardne, Judth. Thw. 22, 26; Jud. 79. Cf. scúr-heard. II. metaph. a storm, trouble, disquiet :-- Swá ðeós woruld fareþ scúrum (cf. scýr-mǽlum) scyndeþ hurries on stormily, Exon. Th. 469, 24; Hy. 11, 7. [Goth. skúra (windis) GREEK, procella: O. Sax. skúr a missile, weapon :-- That man ina wítnódi wápnes eggiun, skarpun skúrun, Hel. 5138. O. H. Ger. scúr tempestas, grando; also of weapons:--Dó léttun sé askim scrítan, scarpén scúrim, Hildebrandslied 66. Icel. skúr a shower; a shower of missiles; vápna, hjálma skúr id.] v. hægl-, hagal-, hilde-, regn-, winter-scúr; scýr-mǽlum, and next word.
scúra (-e; f. ?), an; m. A shower :-- Hé áríman mæg rægnas scúran dropena gehwelcne, Cd. Th. 265, 22; Sat. 11.
scúr-beorh, gen. -beorge; f. A shelter against storm :-- Hrófas sind gehrorene . . . scearde scúrbeorge, Exon. Th. 476, 9; Ruin. 5.
scúr-boga, an; m. A rain-bow :-- Ðonne ic scúrbogan mínne iéwe, Cd. Th. 93, 5; Gen 1541.
scurf, scurfed, scurfende. v. scorf, scorfed, scorfende.
scúr-heard; adj. Made hard by blows (v. scúr, I b; and cf. heoru hamere geþuren, Beo. Th. 2575; B. 1285):--Sweordes ecg, scerp and scúrheard, Andr. Kmbl. 2267; An. 1135. Ðæt him féla láf (the sword) ne meahte scúrheard sceþþan, Beo. Th. 2070; B. 1033.
scúr-sceadu (or -scead; n.); f. A protection against storms (cf. umbrella):--Nys unc wuht beforan tó scúrsceade, Cd. Th. 50, 23; Gen. 813.
-scuta in an-scuta falarica, Hpt. Gl. 425, 14. [Cf. (?) He þa fla lette gliden bi Corineus siden Corineus bleinte & þene scute biberh. Laym. 1461.]
scutel a dish :-- Scutel catinus, Wrt. Voc. i. 290, 21: ii. 17, 17. [Scotylle scutella, 257, 15. O. H. Ger. scuzzila scutula, scutella, discus, catinus, lanx: Icel. skutill a dish. From Latin (?) scutella.]
scutel and scytel, es; m. I. a dart, missile, arrow :-- Sciutil jaculum, sagitta, Txts. 110, 1177, 1179. Scytelum cilda sagittis parvulorum, Ps. Th. 63, 7. [Icel. skutill an instrument shot forth, a harpoon. Cf. scytyl a shuttle; schytle, chyldys game sagitella, Prompt. Parv. 447. Schetylle navecula, Wrt. Voc. i. 235, 3.] II. the tongue of a balance (?):--Scytel momentum, 76, 632. Scutil, Wrt. Voc. ii. 71, 20. Scutel, 56, 52. [M. Lot. momentum languette de bilance. Cf. schytylle, schityl, onstabyl preceps, Prompt. Parv. 447.
scúwa, scúa, an; m. I. the shadow thrown by an object:--Oferwráh muntas scúa his operuit montes umbra ejus, Ps. Surt. 79, 11. Dægas míne swé swé scúa (umbra) onhældun, 101, 12: 143, 4. Ic eom scúan gelíc swýþe áhylded sicut umbra cum declinat, Ps. Th. 108, 23. II. shade, darkness :-- Mid ðý wit forþgongende wǽron under ðam scúwan ðære þýstran nihte cum progrederemur sola sub nocte per umbras, Bd. 5, 12; S. 628, 14. II a. fig. shadow :-- Scúa deáþes umbra mortis, Ps. Surt. 43, 20. In midle scúan deáþes, 22, 4. Alǽd mé út of ðyses carcernes húse and of deáþes scúan, Blickl. Homl. 87, 35. Scúia (scúa, Rush.), Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 4, 16. In scýa, Rtl. 168, 9. Sealde him deorcne deáþes scúwan, Ch. Th. 293, 15; Sat. 455. III. shadow, protection :-- Ic on fægerum scúan fiðera ðínra gewície in umbra alarum tuarum spero, Ps. Th. 56, l. Under scúan fiðra ðínra gesild mé sub umbra alarum tuarum protege me, Ps. Surt. 16, 8. IV. shadow as opposed to substance:--Scúan ɫ leásunge fallacis, Hpt. Gl. 459, 14. [Screne or scu or spere scrinium, ventifuga, Prompt. Parv. 450. Spere or scuw (schuu), 468. Þe skuues of the scowtes, Gaw. 2167. Cf. Goth. thairh skuggwan GREEK GREEK, 1 Cor. 13, 12. O. H. Ger. scúwo umbra: Icel. skuggi a shadow; a spectre.] v. dǽd-, deáþ-, dim-, heolstor-, hlín-, niht-scúwa (-scúa)
scúwan, scúan (?) to shade. [O. H. Ger. scúit adumbrdt: Icel. skyggva to overshadow.] v. ofer-scúwan.
scýan (for scýhan), scýn (?); p. de To prompt, urge, persuade, suggest :-- Ða ǽrestan synne se weriga gást scýde . . . Forðon mid ðý se weriga gást ða synne scýfþ (scýþ, MS. C.: scýeþ, MS. T.) on móde primam culpam serpens suggessit . . . Cum enim malignus spiritus peccatum suggerit in mente, Bd. l, 27; S. 497, 14-20. Wé getǽceþ ɫ scýaþ him nos suadebimus ei, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 28, 14. Cf. scýhend, scýend maulistis, Txts. 78, 654. Scýhend malistis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 55, 52. [Cf. O. H. Ger. scúhenti exhortans, Grff. vi. 417.] v. sceóness, scyhtan.
scydd, es; m. Alluvial ground (?):--Ðis synt ða denbæra . . . hudelinga scydd, Cod. Dip Kmbl. ii. 195, 19. On timberslǽd in stǽpa cnolles scydd on hanslǽdes heáfdan, iii. 380, 26. Haec sunt pascua porcorum . . . in communi silua pascuale quod dicitur Palinga Schittas (scyddas ?), ii. 303, 19. [Cf. M. H. Ger. schüt: Ger. schutt.]
scýde, Cd. Th. 232, 26; Dan. 266. v. sceón.
scýe-uange:--Scóe ɫ scýeuange (-þwange ?) calciamentum, Ps. Spl. T. 59. 9.
scyfe, es; m. I. of rapid motion caused by a push (metaph.), precipitation, v. scúfan:--Word scyfes verba praecipitationis, Ps. Lamb. 51, 6. Hié weorðaþ oft áscrencte on ðæm scyfe ðære styringe hira módes ðæt hí hira selfra ne ágon ðý máre geweald ðe óðerra monna motionis impulsu praecipites quaedam velut alienati peragunt, Past. 33, l; Swt. 215, 12, 17. I a. glossing preceps :-- Seó ús on scefe gedwelde teáh mid wegleásum quae nos in preceps errore traxit devio, Hymn. Surt. 24, 11. II. furtherance of a project, the pushing of a matter, prompting, instigation in a good sense, cf. scúfan, V:--Ǽlc burhgemet beó be his dihte ge scife swíðe rihte, L. I. P. 7; Th. ii. 312, 21. III. prompting, instigation in a bad sense, cf. scúfan, VI:--Se ðe þurh deófles scyfe on synna befealle, L. C. E. 23; Th. i. 374, 9. Befeallen þurh deófles scyfe on heálíce misdǽde, Wulfst. 103, 21. v. niðer-scyfe.
scyfel, e: scyfele, an; f. [Shovel in shovel-hat?] A covering for a woman's head; mafors (mafors operimentum capitis maxime feminarum, Ducange):--Hacele capsula, cóp ependiten, scyfele mafors, nunne sanctimonialis, Wrt. Voc. i. 284, 67. Scyfla, scybla maforte (-ae), Txts. 77, 1267: Wrt. Voc ii. 55, 38. Scyfelum mafortibus, 55, 39: 87, 63. [Cf. (?) scuffle, a linen garment worn by children to keep their clothes clean, a pinafore, an apron (Sussex). Icel. skupla; f.; skypill; m. a woman's hood hiding or shading her face.]
scyftan, -scýgean, scýhend. v. sciftan, -scígan, scýan.
scyhtan; p. te To instigate, prompt, urge :-- Mé nædre beswác and mé neódlíce tó forsceape scyhte and tó scyldfrece, Cd. Th. 55, 22; Gen. 808. Óðer him ðás eorþan ealle sægde lǽne . . . Óðer hine scyhte ðæt hé sceaðena gemót nihtes sóhte, Exon. Th. 109, 30; Gú. 98. [We schuchteð hine ueor awei hwon we doð deadliche sunne, A. R. 312, 10, MS. C.] v. scýan.
scyl, scylcen, scyld a shield. v. scill, scilcen, scild.
scyld, e: scyldu (o); indecl. f. I. guilt, sin, crime, fault :-- Hé sume mándǽde gefremede ðá seó scyld ðá tó his heortan hwearf ðá onscunode hé hí hefelíce sceleris aliquid commiserat, quod commissum, ubi ad cor suum rediit, gravissime exhorruit, Bd. 4, 25; S. 599, 34. Sitte sió scyld (the killing of a slave) on him, L. Alf. 17; Th. i. 48, 15. On eów scyld siteþ, Exon. Th. 131, 2; Gú. 449. Is Euan scyld eal forpyuded, 7, 6; Cri. 97. Hé his scylde forgyfenysse bæd veniam reatus postulans, Bd. 3, 22; S. 553, 33. Ða byrðenne suá micelre scylde tanti reatus pondera, Past. 2, 2; Swt. 31, 14. Bútan scylde sine culpa, 3, 1; Swt. 33, 16: L. H. E. 12; Th. i. 32, 9. Hí búton ǽlcere scylde (without being guilty of any crime) wurdon fordóne, Bt. 29, 2; Fox 104, 30. Æt openre scylde flagrante delicto, L. In. 37; Th. i. 124, 23. Hafaþ ðæt mód hwylcehugu scyldo habet animus aliquem reatum, Bd. l, 27; S. 496, 42. Synna, scylda piacula, Wrt. Voc. ii. 66, 78. Míne scylde delicta mea, Ps. Th. 68, 6: Ps. Surt. 58, 13. Scylða, Past. 32, 2; Swt. 211, 20. Scelda, Ps. C. 45. Bróðres schyldo fratris vitia, Mt. Kmbl. p. 15, 5. Áscyred scylda gehwylcre, deópra firena, Elen. Kmbl. 2624; El. 1313: 937; El. 470. Hwílum biþ gód wærlíce tó míðanne his hiéremonna scylda (vitia), Past. 21, 1; Swt. 151, 9. II. a debt, awe :-- Ryhtlícor cweðan ðæt wé him gielden scylde ðonne wé him mildheortnesse dón justitiae debitum potius solvimus, quam misericordiae opera implemus, 45, 1; Swt. 335, 19. Ágefnæ beón ða scylde reddi debitum, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 28, 25. Hé ða scyld forlét wið hine debitum dimisit ei, 27: 30. [Sculd scelus, Wrt. Voc. i. 95, 74. O. Sax. skuld a crime; a due: O. L. Ger. sculd: O. Frs. skeide, schuld, schild: O. H. Ger. sculd, sculda causa, facinus, noxa, injuria, crimen, debitum, meritum: Icel. skuld, skyld a due, tax; sake.] v. deáþ-, frum-, ge-, god-, mán-, níd-scyld.
scyldan, scyldend. v. scildan, scildend.
scyldan, scyldian to charge, accuse :-- Hý gán xii. sume and gescyldigen (gescylden, other MS.) hine, L. Ath. i. 11; Th. i. 206, 3.
scyld-frecu, e; f Guilty greed :-- Mé (Eve) scyhte tó scyldfrece fáh wyrm þurh fægir word, Cd. Th. 55, 23; Gen. 898.
scyld-full; adj. Guilty, criminal, sinful, wicked :-- Ic (Adam) wreó mé scyldfull, Cd. Th. 53, 30; Gen. 869. Bearn Godes on wergum folce wíf curon, scyldfulra mægð, scýne and fægere, 76, 4; Gen. 1252. Ðonne sweart wæter swelgaþ sceaðum scyldfullum when the deluge swallows the wicked, 78, 32; Gen. 1302: Elen. Kmbl. 619; El. 310.
scyldgian, scyldgung. v. scyidigian, scyldigung.
scyld-hǽta, an; m. One who demands a due or debt, a bailiff :-- Sculthéta exactor, Wrt. Voc. ii. 107, 70. Scyldlǽta (-hǽta?) exactor, i. postulator, 144, 54. [O. Frs. skeltata, skelta (der stellvertreter des grafen, v. Richthofen, pp. 1023 sqq.); O. L. Ger. sculd-héto (quicunque villicus est abbatis quod nos vulgo dicimus sculthétho): O. H. Ger. scult-heizo vilicare, tribunus, procurator, exactor populi: Ger. schult-heisz. Cf. Goth. dulga-haitja a creditor.]
scyld-hata, an; m. One who hates wrongfully, an enemy :-- Scyldhatan, ealdgeníðlan, Andr. Kmbl. 2095; An. 1049. Scyldhatan, egle ondsacan, 2295; An. 1149. v. next word.
scyld-hete, es; m. An enemy, a foe :-- Mid scyldhetum, werigum wróhtsmiðum, Andr. Kmbl. 170; An. 85. v. preceding word.
scyldian to commit a fault :-- Gesette God ǽ scyldiendum legem statuit delinquentibus, Ps. Th. 24, 7. v. scyldigian, scyldan.
scyldig; adj. I. guilty, sinful, criminal :-- Scyldig reus, Wrt. Voc. i. 49, 1: 86, 61: sons, Ǽlfc. Gr. 9, 39; Zup. 63, 14. Gif man wát, ðæt óðer mán sweraþ, hé biþ scildig (portabit iniquitatem suam), gif hé hit forhilþ, Lev. 5, 1. Wæs gecueden tó ðæm scyldegan folce delinquenti populo dicitur, Past. 15, 1; Swt. 91, 2. Ðæt hé hine scyldigne ongete reum se cognoscat, Bd. 1, 27; S. 496, 33: Elen. Kmbl. 1380; El. 692. Hú hé ðæt scyldige werud forscrifen hefde, Cd. Th. 267, 4; Sat. 33. Scyldge men, Exon. Th. 71, 10; Cri. 1153. Scyldigra scolu, 98, 15; Cri. 1608: 132, 22; Gú. 476. Hendum scyldigra manibus nocentium, Rtl. 24, 11. Heó náuht ne þreáþ ðám scildigum, Bt. 4; Fox 8, 13. Earfeþu scyldgum tó sconde, Exon. Th. 78, 14; Cri. 1274. Hié ða scyldigan þearlwíslíce démaþ, Blickl. Homl. 63, 20. Stræc wið ða unryhtwísan and wið ða scyldgan, Past. 17, 5; Swt. 113, 23. I a. guilty of committing a crime, (1) with gen. of crime:--Se biþ éces gyltes scyldig reus erit aeterni delicti, Mk. Skt. 3, 29. Morðres scyldig, Beo. Th. 3370; B. 1683. Deáðes scyldig guilty of causing death, L. In. 5; Th. i. 104, 13. Mansleges scyldig, Blickl. Homl. 189, 34. Morðres scyldige . . . deáþes scyldige, 65, 10-11: H. R. 107, 1. (2) with inst. of crime:--Synnum scyldig, Beo. Th. 6135; B. 3071. Dǽdum scyldige, Cd. Th. 76, 35; Gen. 1267. Lehtrum scyldige, Andr. Kmbl. 2434; An. 1218. I b. guilty against (wið) a person:--Ǽlc man ðe yfel déþ mid yfelum willan is scyldig wið God, H. R. 105, 33: Cd. Th. 250, 20; Dan. 549. Menn wǽron deádlíce and wið heora Drihten scyldige, Hexam. 17; Norm. 24, 26: Blickl. Homl. 47, 21. II. responsible for, liable for, chargeable with an ill result, (1) with gen.:--Gif hwylc mæssepreóst untruman men sprǽce forwyrne, and hé on ðære tyddernesse swelte, sý hé on dómes dæg ðære sáwle scyldig (ejus animae reus), L. Ecg. P. i. 2; Th. ii. 172, 29. Hé sceal mid réðnesse him stiére ðýlæs hé sié scyldig ealra hira scylda ne culparum omnium reus ipse teneatur, Past. 21, 5; Swt. 161, 1. Gif hwelc gód lǽce gesihþ, ðæt his hwam þearf biþ, and ðonne for his slǽwþe ágiémeleásaþ ðæt hé his helpe, ðonne wille wé cweðan ðæt hé sié genóg ryhtlíce his bróðor deáþes scyldig, 49, 1; Swt. 377, 21. Swá feala earmra manna swá on ðæs rícan neáweste sweltaþ, and hé him nele syllan his teóþungsceatta dǽl, ðonne biþ hé ealra ðara manna deáþes sceldig, Blickl. Homl. 53, 7. (2) with inst.:--Gif God him ne áraþ, ðonne beóþ hié suá monegum scyldum scyldige suá hié manegra unþeáwa gestíran meahton mid hiora lárum, gif hí ongemong monnum beón wolden ex tantis rei sunt, quantis venientes ad publicum prodesse potuerunt, Past. 5, 3; Swt. 45, 22. III. liable for a debt, bound by an obligation:--Swá hwá swá swereþ on ðæs temples golde se ys scyldig qui juraverit in auro templi, debet, Mt. Kmbl. 23, 16. Suǽ uoe forgefon scyldgum úsum (debitoribus nostris), Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 6, 12. Syndrigum scyldgum singulis debitoribus, Lk. Skt. Lind. 16, 5. IV. liable to forfeiture, forfeiting (1) with gen. of forfeit:--Gif hwá ymb cyninges feorh sierwie, sié hé his feores scyldig and ealles ðæs ðe hé áge, L. Alf. pol. 4; Th. i. 64, 1: L. Ath. v. 1, 4; Th. i. 230, 6; 12. Hé æt wíge gecrang, ealdres scyldig, Beo. Th. 2680; B. 1338: 4128; B. 2061. Feores sceldig, Ps. C. 20. Sý hé scyldig his sylfes and ealles ðæs ðe hé áge, L. Ath. iv. prm.; Th. i. 220, 12. Beó hé. cxx. sciɫɫ. scildig wið ðone cing, L. Ath. v. 1, 5; Th. i. 230, 11: L. In. 4; Th. i. 104, 10. Beó hé wið ðone cyninge scyldig ealles ðæs ðe hé áge, Wulfst. 271, 26. Se ðe ðæt gecwéme ne déþ, beó hé his inganges scyldig, Ch. Th. 606, 21. Sý hé his tungan scyldig, L. Edg. ii. 4; Th. i. 266, 25. (2) with inst.:--Ðú, ealdre scyldig, deáþe sweltest, Exon. Th. 250, 9; Jul. 124. Gebeád ðæt se wǽre aldre scyldig, se ðæs onsóce, Cd. Th. 244, 19; Dan. 450. V. liable to punishment, deserving of punishment:--Scyldig obnoxius, Wrt. Voc. ii. 115, 31. (1) with gen. of punishment:--Hé is deáþes scyldig reus est mortis, Mt. Kmbl. 26, 66: Mk. Skt. 14, 64. Ðú eart wið mé deáþes scyldig dignus es morte, Bd. 4, 23; S. 591, 41. (2) with dat.(?):--Se ðe ofslihþ se byþ dóme (dómes, MS. A.) scyldig qui occiderit, reus erit judicio, Mt. Kmbl. 5, 21. Þe bið al swa sculdig þe þet uuel iþeuað swa þe þe hit deð, O. E. Homl. i. 113, 2. A. R. schuldi: O. Sax. skuldig guilty, liable to a payment or penalty: O. Frs. skeldech: O. H. Ger. sculdig reus, culpabilis, meritus, debitus, debitor, obnoxius.] v. feorh-, for-, god-, hand-, mán-, morþor-, þeóf-, þurh-, twí-, un-, wam-scyldig.
scyldigian, scyldgian; p. ode To sin :-- Wið ða scyldgiendan (scyldgigendan, Hatt. MSS.) contra peccantem, Past. 21, 1; Swt. 151, 23. v. for-, ge-scyldigian; scyldian.
scyldigness, e; f. Guiltiness :-- Synnignise ɫ scyldignise reatum, Rtl. 42, 33: 103, 17.
scyldigung, scyldgung, e; f. A criminal charge :-- Be ðon ðe scyldgunge bǽde æt ofslegenum. Wé cwǽdon, se ðe scyldunga (be ðon ðe scyldgunga, other MS.) bǽde æt ofslagenum þeófe ðæt hé eode þreora sum tó . . . and ðone áþ syllen ðæt hý on heora mǽge náne þýfþe nyston . . . and hý gán siþþan .xii. sume and gescyldigen hine of him who asks for the charge (in order to refute it) in the case of a slain thief. We ordained, he that should ask for the charge in the case of a slain thief, that he should go with two others . . . and they shall make oath that they knew of no theft on the part of their kinsman . . . and afterwards twelve on the other side shall go and bring the charge against him (the thief) (cf. Qui culpam exigit de fure occiso, L. H. i. 74, 2; Th. i. 578), L. Ath. i. 11; Th. i. 204, 26.
scyld-lǽta, scyldung. v. scyld-hǽta, scyldigung.
scyld-leás; adj. Guiltless :-- Scyldlǽs insons, Lchdm. i. lxiii, 2.
scyld-wreccende punishing guilt :-- Hell scyldwreccende, Exon. Th. 71, 25; Cri. 1161.
scyld-wyrcende committing sin or guilt :-- Ðú (the soul) ðone líchoman scyldwyrcende gewemdest, Exon. Th. 91, 4; Cri. 1487. Ðonne ðeós woruld scyldwyrcende byrneþ, 232, 5; Ph. 502: 269, 4; Jul. 445. Ðú womfulle, scyldwyrcende sceaþan áwurpe, Elen. Kmbl. 1520; El. 762.
scylf, scylp, es; m. I. a peak, crag, tor (in local names):--Ðonon ofer ealne ðone hǽþfeld tó Hnæfes scylfe, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 130, 37. Tó byrnan scylfe, 38, 36. Sticule scylpas scabri murices, Germ. 399, 446. Scylfa scopulorum, Hpt. Gl. 421, 43. II. a turret, tower, pinnacle :-- Se deófol gesette hine uppan ðam scylfe ðæs heágan temples, Homl. Th. i. 166, 17: 170, 1. Wé biddaþ ðæt ðú ástíge tó ðam sticelan scylfe . . . Hwæt ða bóceras hine gebrohton tó ðæs temples scylfe, ii. 300, 1-3. Hé hine ásette ofer ðæs temples scylf, Blickl Homl. 27, 11. Scylfas maciones, Wrt. Voc. ii. 59, 29: pinnas, Blickl. Gl. Ða torras and ða scylfas on him bǽron ða elpendas elephanti superpositas turres gestaverunt, Nar. 4, 16. [Cf.(?) O. H. Ger. sculpa gleba.] v. stán-scylf; scylfig.
scylfig, scylpig; [adj. Craggy, rocky :-- Scylpige scopulosas, Hpt. Gl. 529, 29. v. scylf.
Scylfingas, scylfor, scylfring, scylga, scylian, scylig, scyll, scylp, scylpig, scymrian. v. Skilfingas, scilfor, scilfrung, scealga, scilian, scilig, scill, scylf, scylfig, scimrian.
scyltumend (? fultumend), es; m. A helper :-- Drihten is mín scyltumend and mín gescyldend Dominus adjutor meus et protector meus, Ps. Th. 27, 8.
scyndan, scendan; p. de. I. intrans. To hurry, hasten :-- Swá ðeós woruld fareþ, scúrum scyndeþ, Exon. Th. 469, 24; Hy. 11, 7. Brimwudu scynde, 182, 5; Gú. 1305. Scynde Gregorius in Godes wære, Menol. Fox 77; Men. 38. Scynde beaduþreáta mǽst tó hilde, Elen. Kmbl. 60; El. 30. Fǽge scyndan (of death by violence), Exon. Th. 271, 29; Jul. 489. Hí ǽghwonon tó him éfston and scyndon, Guthl. 15; Gdwin. 66, 10: Bd. 4, 27; S. 604, 8. Ðá ongunnan monige éfstan and scyndan tó gehýranne Godes word coepere plures ad audiendum verbum confluere, 1, 26; S. 488, 11: Guthl. 2; Gdwin. 14, 25. Hé gewát scríðan, tó gesceape scyndan, Beo. Th. 5133; B. 2570. Manna freóndscipe biþ swíðe hwílwendlíc and swíðe scendende (cf. gnornscendende), Blickl. Homl. 195, 26. II. trans. (1) To cause to hasten, to hurry :-- Ðá wæs morgenleóht scofen and scynded, Beo. Th. 1840; B. 918. (2) to urge, incite, exhort :-- Se feónd his (Judas) heortan tó ðan lǽrde and scynde, ðæt hé Drihten tó deáðe belǽwde, Homl. As. 153, 55. Hú mon monige scyndan scyle (de exhortatione multis exhibenda) tó ðæm ðætte his gódan dǽda ne weorðen tó yflum dǽdum, Past. 60; Swt. 453, 6. [O. Sax. far-skundian to incite, egg on: O. H. Ger. scuntan sollicitare, suggerere, urgere: Icel. skynda to hasten: Dan. skynde.] v. á-, ge-scyndan.
scyndel ?:--Tíwesdæges nama wæs of Martie, Iovis sunu ðæs scyndles (cf. (?) scyndan, II. (1); scyndel one who causes swift movement, referring to the lightning(?). Or cf. (?) scendan, scendele; scyndel, scendel a shameful person (?)), Anglia viii. 321, 16.
scyndendlíce; adv. Hurriedly, hastily; consummatim, Wrt. Voc. ii. 18, 41: 83, 75.
scýne, scý-nes, scyp. v. scíne, sceó-ness, scip.
scypenn e; f. A shippen [in some northern dialects; also pronounced shup'm (Cumberland)], a cow-house, stall :-- Scypen bovile, Wrt. Voc. ii. 12, 72. Scipen, 126, 59: bostar vel boviale, i. 58, 25. Scepen, steal, vel fald bovile, stabulum, 15, 23. Ða þing tó begánne ðe tó scipene belimpaþ, Anglia ix. 260, 4. Út wæs gongende tó neáta scypene (ad stabula jumentorum), Bd. 4, 24; S. 597, 9. Nǽnig mann scypene his neátum ne timbreþ, l, l; S. 474, 32. Andlang díces on ðæs cinges scypena; of ðan scypenum on ðæt riscbed, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. vi. 62, 27. Scipena behweorfan, Anglia ix. 261, 18. [Schepyn boscar (-tar?), Wrt. Voc. i. 178, 10. Schyppune boster, 204. col. 2. The schepne brennyng with the blake smoke, Chauc. Kn. T. 1142.] Cf. scoppa.
scyppan, scyppend, scýr, scyran, scýran, scyrdan. v. scippan, scippend, scír, sceran, scíran, scirdan.
scyrfe-mús, e; f. A shrew-mouse :-- Scirfemús sorex, Wrt. Voc. ii. 71, 27. Cf. sceorfan.
scyrft a scraping (?); scansio, Wrt. Voc. ii. 119, 78. Cf. sceorfan.
scyrian, scyriendlíc. v. scirian, sciriendlíc.
scýr-mǽlum; adv. Stormily :-- Seó orsorhnes gǽþ scýrmǽlum swá ðæs windes þys prosperam fortunam videas ventosam, Bt. 20: Fox 72, 4. v. scúr.
scyrpan, scyr-seax. v. scirpan, scear-seax.
scyrtan; p. te To make short, to shorten :-- Gif God his hwíle ne scyrte (gescyrte, MSS. B. C.), Wulfst. 19, 9. v. ge-scyrtan; scortian.
scyrte (-a; m. ?), an; f. A short garment, skirt, kirtle :-- Scyrtan pretexta, tunecan togae, Germ. 393, 143. [He ches stiue here to shurte and gret sac to curtle, O. E. Homl. ii. 139, 16. Arður warp an his rugge a ræf swiðe deore, ænne cheisil scurte & ænne pallene curtel, Laym. 23761. He broucte bred in his shirte or in his couel, Havel. 768. He yaf ofte his kertel and his sserte to þe poure, Ayenb. 191, 9. M. H. Ger. schurz: Ger. schurz an apron: Icel. skyrta a kind of kirtle.]
scyrting, e; f. A shortening, an abridgement :-- Gif hwilc gelǽred man ðás race (the homily on Job) oferrǽde, ðonne bidde ic ðæt hé ðás scyrtinge ne tǽle, Homl. Th. ii. 460, 6.
scyrtra, scyrtest, scyru, scýtan. v. scort, scearu, scítan.
scyte, es; m. I. shooting :-- Hié fortendun ðæt swíðre breóst foran dæt hit weaxan ne sceolde ðæt hié hæfden ðý strengran scyte (ne sagittarum jactus inpedirentur), Ors. 1, 10; Swt. 46, 13. Dryhten dǽleþ sumum wyrp oððe scyte, Exon. Th. 331, 17; Vy. 69. II. a shot, blow :-- Scytum ictibus, Hpt. Gl. 478, 76. III. what is shot or thrown, a javelin, dart :-- Scytas iacula, Lchdm. i. lxix, 9. [He þene scute biberh, Laym. 1461. Mid scute of eien, A. R. 60, 16. Wið þe schute wite heo hire, 62, l. An carpenter that sset the ssute, R. Glouc. 537, 4. O. Frs. sket: O. H. Ger. scuz jactus.] v. on-, under-, út-, wæter-scyte.
scyte-finger, es; m. The forefinger; digitus secundus quo sagittatur:--Scytefinger index vel salutaris, Wrt. Voc. i. 44. 5. Bécnend, scytefinger index, ii. 46, 35. Gif se scytefinger biþ ofáslegen, sió bót biþ .xv. sciɫɫ., L. Alf. pol. 57; Th. i. 96, 1. In Ethelbert's Laws the fine is only eight shillings, L. Eth. 54; Th. i. 16, 10. Scytefingres, Anglia viii. 326, 28. Euenmicel swá ðú mǽge mid ðínan scitefingre tó ðínum þuman befón, Lchdm. iii. 6, 21. Mid scetefingre ðú gebécnest indice prodis, Hymn. Surt. 104, 5. [Cf. O. Frs. skot-finger.] v. scytel-finger.
scyte-heald, -healden; adj. I. bent so as to shoot downwards (cf. scyte-rǽs), sloping steeply :-- Scyteheald preceps, Wrt. Voc. ii. 68, 77. II. oblique, inclined :-- Scytehald obliquum, 115, 13. Sió scytehealde onbégnes obliqua curvatura, 64, 24. Sió scythealde obliqua, 79, 1. Scytehealden, 62, 61.
scytel a dart. v. scutel: a bolt, v. scyttel.
scytel-finger the arrow-finger, the forefinger :-- Scytelfinger (scyte- ? v. scyte-finger) index, Wrt. Voc. i. 71, 31.
scyte-rǽs, es; m. A headlong rush :-- On scyterǽs oððe on fǽrfyll, unforesceáwadlíc in preceps, Wrt. Voc. ii. 47, 43.
scytere, es; m. I. a shooter, an archer. v. scyteres (sciteres) clif, flóde, streám, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. vi. 330. [Icel. skytari a shooter.] II. one that moves swiftly (?):--Ad rivulum qui scitere dicitur, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 102, 29. Cf. scytta.
scytta, an; m. A shooter, an archer:--Sagittarius ðæt is scytta, Lchdm. iii. 246, 2. Strǽlbora and scytta arcister, Wrt. Voc. ii. 7, 32. Ðá gebende án scytta his bogan, Homl. Skt. i. 18, 219. On scyttan fæn, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 132, 22. On scyttan mere; ðæt on scyttan dúne, 381, 11. Wulfsiges módor scyttan, vi. 212, 5. Ðá gegaderade Regulus ealle ða scyttan ðe on ðæm færelte wǽron, ðæt hié (the serpent) mon mid flánum ofercóme, Ors. 4, 6; Swt. 174, 5. Wǽron on his fyrdinge twelf þúsenda scyttena, Homl. As. 104, 55. [Alle þe scutten, Laym. 27046. O. H. Ger. scuzzo sagittarius: Icel. skyti one who shoots or hurls.]
scyttan; p. te. I. to cause rapid movement, to shoot a bolt, to shut :-- Ic scytte sum loc sero, Ælfc. Gr. 37; Zup. 220, 2. II. to discharge a debt:--Ic wille ðæt man selle ðæt land et Fersafeld . . . and recna man iungere Brún án marc gol and mid ðan láue scytte man mína borgas (my loans shall be paid off), Chart. Th. 568, 19. [Schutteð þet þurl to, A. R. 96, 10. Ayenb. ssette: Piers P. shutte, shette: Wick. schitte: O. Frs. sketta to stop, close.] v. for-scyttan.
scyttel, scytel, es; m. A bar, bolt :-- Ealle ða ísenan scyttelas helle loca wurdan tóbrocene, Blickl. Homl. 87, 5: 85, 7: Nicod. 27; Thw. 15, 24. Scyttelas vectes, Ps. Spl. 106, 16. Scetelas, Kent. Gl. 658. [A gardin besset myd tuo ssetteles, Ayenb. 94, 30. Schyttyl pessulum vel pessellum, Prompt. Parv. 447: ondoynge of schettellys apercio, 365.] v. scutel and next word.
scyttels, scytels, es; m. A bar, bolt :-- Ða scytelses (scittelsas, MS. O.) tóburston, Homl. Skt. i. 3, 348. Openiaþ ðás gatu and ða fæstan scytelsas, Wulfst. 230, 31. Scytelsas seras, Ps. Spl. 147, 2. Scettelsas, Hymn. Surt. 122, 28. Scyttylsum vectibus, Germ. 399, 349. [Þet (the cross) is þet scutles þe ðe deofel ne mei nefre tocysan, O. E. Homl. i. 127, 35.] v. fore-scyttels, and preceding word.
Scyttisc; adj. Scottish, Scotch (v. Scottas):--Ðǽr læg secg mænig . . . guma norþerna . . . swilce Scittisc eác, Chr. 937; Erl. 112, 19. Scyttisc gecost gealdor wið ǽlcum áttre, Lchdm. ii. 10, 23. Scyttysces cynnes natione Scottus, Bd. 3, 21; S. 551, 16. Gif hé hæfþ Scyttisc weax, Lchdm. ii. 114, 11: iii. 46, 17. Scittisc, ii. 156, 26. ¶ Of speech:--Sind on ðís íglande fíf geþeóde . . . Scyttisc, Chr. Erl. 3, 3. Se cyning Scyttysc (linguam Scottorum) geleornad hæfde, Bd. 3, 3; S. 525, 39. On ðam mynstre ðe on Scyttisc is nemned Rathmelsigi, 3, 27; S. 558, 35.
se, sió, Lchdm. ii. 260, l; m.: seó, ðeó, Blickl. Homl. 65, 13; se, Lchdm. ii. 228, 8; f.: ðæt; n. I. a demonstrative adjective, the, that. (l) marking an object as before-mentioned or already well-known (a) wilh substantives:--Se Hǽlend, Mt. Kmbl. 3, 13. Se steorra stód ofer ðǽr ðæt cild wæs, 2, 9. Wæs se engel sprecende tó úres Drihtnes méder, Blickl. Homl. 5, 2. Seó heofon biþ gefeallen æt ðǽm feówer endum middangeardes, 93, 4. Seó eorþe, Lchdm. iii. 254, 15. Seó sǽ and se móna geþwǽrlǽcaþ him betweónan, 268, 12. Seó lyft the air, 272, 20. On ðone gemánan ðæs brýdguman and ðære brýde, Blickl. Homl. 11, 5. Hé fægnode ðæs miclan weorces ðærre ceastre, Past. 4; Swt. 39, 15. Ðæt mon ða earce bere on ðǽm saglum, 22; Swt. 171, 12. Mid ðý selflíce se Déma biþ geniéded tó ðæm ierre, 4; Swt. 39, 10. Ðý þearlan dóme (by the severe sentence just mentioned) hé forleás his mennisce, Swt. 39, 23. Ðæt mæsten is gemǽne tó ðám (those mentioned in the charter) án and twentigum hídum, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 319, 29. On háte ða ahsan, Lchdm. ii. 32, 13. (b) with adjectives:--Se dumba spræc, Mt. Kmbl. 9, 33. Ðá æthrán hé ðæs blindan hand, Mk. Skt. 8, 23. (c) with numerals:--Ða þrý cómon, Cd. Th. 221, 24; Dan. 93. Ðína ágna treówa and seó godcunde lufu and se tóhopa, ða þreó ðé ne lǽtaþ geortréwan be ðam écan lífe, Bt. 10; Fox 32, 8. (d) with proper names:--Se Iohannes the same John (A. V.), Mt Kmbl. 3, 4. Se (the one in question) Cynewulf oft feaht wið Bretwalum . . . Hé wolde ádræfan ænne æþeling, se wæs Cyneheard háten, and se Cyneheard wæs ðæs (the one previously mentioned) Sigebryhtes bróður, Chr. 755; Erl. 48, 24-28. Féng Carl tó ðam westríce . . . se Carl wæs Hlóþwíges sunu, se Hlóþwíg wæs Cailes bróður, se wæs luþyttan fæder, . . . and hié wǽron Hlóþwíges suna. Se Hlóþwíg wæs ðæs aldan Carles sunu; se Carl wæs Pippenes sunu, 885; Erl. 84, 10-17. Seó Asia (Asia Minor), Ors. l, 1; Swt. 12, 11. Him losep gehealp. From ðæm losepe . . ., 1, 5; Swt. 32, 28. (2) marking an object which is further described (a) by an adjective:--Se heofonlíca cyning, Blickl. Homl. 5, 18. Mín se heofonlíca Fæder, Mt. Kmbl. 18, 35. Se earma upáhafena, Past. 26; Swt. 183, 13. Se dysega ungeþyldega, 33; Swt. 220, 9. Ðeó deáþberende uncyst, Blickl. Homl. 65, 13. Mid hire ðære yfelan sceónesse beswác ðone ǽrestan wífmon, 5, l. Ðone yfelan fæsðrǽdan willan fulneáh nán wind ne mæg áwecgan, Past. 33; Swt. 225, 6. ¶ The weak declension usually occurs with the demonstrative, but in the following instances strong forms are found:--On ðam seócum men, Lchdm. ii. 282, 11. Snáw cymþ of ðam þynnun wǽtan, iii. 278, 23. Of ðam hátum bæðe, Homl. Th. i. 58, 29. Ða gleáwe sǽgenga[n] hig understandaþ, Anglia viii. 327, 21. Ða anbestungne saglas, Past. 22; Swt. 171, 11. For ðære sceáwungge ðara ungesewenlícra þinga, 16; Swt. 99, 8. Ðara eádigra apostola, Bd. 5, 19; S. 637, 31. Orhlyte ðæra háligra mihta, Homl. Th. i. 346, 26. (b) by a pronoun:--Mon sceal suá manian ðæt se hiera folgoþ hine ne óþhebbe, Past. 28, 1; Swt. 189, 17. Ða míne sǽlþa and se mín weorðscipe, Bt. 10; Fox 30, 14-15. Æ-acute;nigne dǽl ðara ðínra gesǽlþa, 11, l; Fox 32, 26. (c) by a numeral:--Ðæt þridde gebed, Homl. i. 264, 16. Hyt eall áléd biþ on ðære ánre míle, Ors. l, l; Swt. 20, 32. Ðá áxode se cásere ðone ænne preóst, Homl. Th. ii. 310, 14. Ðis synt ðæra twelf Apostola naman, Mt. Kmbl. 10, 2. Hú mon scule blódlǽse on ðara six fífa ǽlcum on mónþe forgán, Lchdm. ii. 146, 19: 148, 2. (d) by a genitive:--Ðá wæs gesended ðæt goldhord ðæs mægenþrymmes on ðone bend ðæs clǽnan innoþes, Blickl. Homl. 9, 28. Se emnihtes dæg, Lchdm. iii. 256, 26. Néh ðæm clife ðære Reádan Sǽs, Ors. l, l; Swt. 12, 19. Ða diógolnesse ðæs þriddan hefones, Past. 16; Swt. 99, 8. (e) by a phrase:--Ðara twentiges hída landgemǽra tó Burhtúne. . . . Ðara . vii. hída landgemǽra æt mæðelgáres byrig, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 429, 25-32. (f) by an appositive :-- Saul se cyning, Past. 3; Swt. 35, 14. Membrað se ent . . . Ninus se cyning, Ors. 2, 4; Swt. 74, 9-10. Ðæt land Cilia . . . seó sǽ Euxinus . . . se héhsta beorg Olimpus . . . Nilus seó eá; . . . néh ðam beorge Athlans, 1. 1; Swt. 12, 11-21. (g) by a clause, v. IV :-- Eart ðú se Beowulf, se ðe wið Brecan wunne, Beo. Th. 1016; B. 506. Seó Ægyptus ðe ús neár is, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 12, 16. Seó menigo ðe beforan férde. Blickl. Homl. 71, 9. Sý ðæs cynnes orf ðe hit sý, L. Ff.; Th. i. 226, 3. Gif esne eorlcundne mannan ofslæhþ ðane ðe sió (whoever it be), L. H. E. 1; Th. i. 26, 8: 3; Th. i. 28, 4. Ða hwíle ðe hié tó nánre óðerre note ne mǽgen. Past. pref.; Swt. 7, 12. Oft mon forlǽt ðone ege and ða fæsðrǽdnesse ðe hé mid ryhte on him innan habban scolde, 4, I; Swt. 37, 17. Ða twelfe ðe mid him wǽron, Mk. Skt. 4, 10. Ða fíf hláfas ðe se cnapa bær getácniaþ ða fíf béc ðe Moyses sette, Homl. Th. i. 186, 13. Hwæt ða sume dreógaþ, ðe ða wræclástas wídost lecgaþ, Exon. Th. 309, 13; Seef. 56. (h) by a clause in apposition :-- Ne sceal hé ðæt án dón, ðæt hé ána wacie, . Past. 28; Swt. 193, 21. (i) by relation to other objects mentioned :-- Se ðe ne gǽþ æt ðam gete intó sceápa falde, Jn. Skt. 10, 1. Hig gefyldon ða [fatu] óþ ðone brerde, 2, 7. Irnende on ðæt sond, and ðonne besince eft on ðæt sand, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 12, 22. (3) with adjectives used as epithets :-- Salomonn se snottra. Past. 4, 1; Swt. 37, 16. Hit is Hǽlend se Nazarenisca, Blickl. Homl. 15, 19. Sidroc eorl se alda and Sidroc eorl se gioncga, Chr. 871; Erl. 74, 22. Eádweard se langa, Byrht. Th. 139, 53; By. 273. (4) marking an object as the representative of a class :-- Ys seó æx tó ðæra treówa wyrtruman ásett, Mt. Kmbl. 3, 10. Hú nys seó sáwl sélre ðonne mete, 6, 25. Ða líchamlícan gód bióþ forcúþran ðonne ðære sáwle cræftas . . . Seó fægernes ðæs líchoman geblissaþ ðone mon. Bt. 24, 3; Fox 84, 5-8. Ǽr ðan ðe ðæs dæges lenge oferstíge ða niht, Lchdm. iii. 256, 13. Bere is swíðe earfoþe tó gearcigenne, and ðeáhhwæðere fét ðone mann, ðonne hé gearo biþ. Homl. Th. i. 188, 5. (4 a) marking genus :-- Se mon homo, Bd. I. 27; S. 497, 40. Se mann ána gǽþ uprihte, Bt. 41, 6; Fox 254, 29. (5) marking a definite whole or a class of objects :-- Hié hátaþ ða landmen (the natives) Nuchul, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 12, 24. On ódre wisan mon sceal nianian ða blíðan, on óðre ða unrótan . . . ða underþiéddan . . . ða ofer ððre gesettan . . . ða woroldwísan . . . ða dysegan, Past. 23; Swt. 175, 14-17. Ðæra Persiscra cyning . . . gegaderode of ðam Saraceniscum micele fyrde, Jud. Thw. 162, 23. Hé clypode ða gelaðodan tó ðam gyftum. . . . Hé sǽde ðam gelaðedon, Mt. Kmbl. 22, 3-4. (6) with abstract nouns where modern English would not use the article :-- Sió hǽlu ðone mon gedéþ lustbǽrne, Bt. 24, 3; Fox 84, 9. Gif se weorðscipe and se anweald gód wǽre, 16, 3; Fox 54, 8. Hé ða geþyld ðe is módur ealra mægena for ðæm unwrence ðære ungeþylde forlét, Past. 33, 1; Swt. 215, 20. Þurh ða wilnunga ðære woroldáre, 3; Swt. 33, 8. On ðæm gesundfulnessum ðæt mód wierð upáhafen; and on ðǽm earfeðum hit biþ geeáðmédd. On ðære gesundfulnesse mon forgiett his selfes; on ðǽm gesuincum hé sceal hine selfne geþencean. On ðære orsorgnesse . . . on ðǽm earfoðum. . . . Suíðe oft monn biþ ðære earfoðnesse láreówdóme underþiéded, Swt. 35, 4-10. (6 a) where an abstraction is personified :-- Se Wísdóm and seó Gesceádwísnes, Bt. 3; Fox 6, 13 (and often). II. as a demonstrative pronoun, he, she, it, that, (1) referring to a person or thing :-- Se wæs betera ðonne ic, Beo. Th. 943; B. 469. On ðám ys sǽd, and ðæt sweart, Lchdm. i. 278, Heó hafaþ leáf sinewealte and ða bitere, 290, 18. Ðonne hí eów éhtaþ on ðysse byrig, fleóþ on óðre; and ðonne hí on ðære eów éhtaþ, fleóþ on ða þryddan. Mt. Kmbl. 10, 23. Hét se cásere hine lǽdan tó his deófolgelde, ðæt hé ðæm gulde, Shrn. 88, 22. Heó hafaþ stelan and ðone on bógum geþúfne, Lchdm. i. 298, 20. Ðá swungon hí ðæne, Mk. Skt. 12, 3. Hé sorgaþ ymb ða and biþ ðara suíðe gemyndig, Past. 4, 1; Swt. 37, 19. Ðá wǽron ealle ða wíf gelaðede; ðara wæs iii hund and hundeahtatig. Ors. 3, 6; Swt. 108, 32. Ðæt hé nánes þinges búton ðǽm þurfe, Bt. 24, 4; Fox 86, 6. Gesyllan .xv. leaxas and ða góde, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 296, 1. (2) referring to the subject dealt with in a clause that, it: -- Gif gé gesáwen hwelce mús ðæt wǽre hláford ofer óðre mýs . . . hú wunderlíc wolde eów ðæt þincan, hwelce cehhettunge gé woldon ðæs habban, Bt. 16, 2; Fox 52, 1-4. Hwylc ðæs cyninges geleáfa wǽre, ðæt æfter his deáþe mid wundrum wæs gecýþed, Bd. 3, 19; S. 533, 15. Ðæt hé ðæs (for praying in a certain place) hæfde méde wið God, Shrn. 88, 32. Hé ðæs (for beheading a saint) dyde hreówsunga, 89, 18 : Ps. Th. 28, 7 : 30, 1. Ic hit scortlíce secgan scyle, hwá ðæs (the stirring up of strife) ordfruman wǽron. Ors. 5, 9; Swt. 232, 18. Hú his gesceafta weaxaþ and eft waniaþ, ðonne ðæs tíma cymþ, Bt. 34, 10; Fox 150, 13. Heora æfterfyligendas wǽron deófolgylde folgiende, for ðam Mellitus and Iustus of Breotene gewiton, Bd. 2, 5; S. 506, 3. Nis hit lang (feor) tó ðon, 4, 24; S. 599, 5. Gif eáran sýn innan sáre, and ðǽr wyrms sý, on dó ða ylcan sealfe, heó ys swýðe gód tó ðam, Lchdm. i. 358, 17. Se hearpere suíðe ungelíce ða strengas styreþ, and mid ðý gedéþ ðæt . . ., Past. 23; Swt. 175, 7. (2 a) in apposition with a clause : see also V :-- Wé nyston ðæt hé ðæs girnan wolde, ðæt wé úrne bróður ðyder lǽddon, Gen. 43, 7. Hié wǽron gebrocede mid ceápes cwilde, ealles swíðost mid ðæm, ðæt manige ðara sélestena cynges þéna forþférdon, Chr. 897; Erl. 94, 32. Ðá næs long tó ðon, ðæt wé tó sumre eá cwóman, Nar. 8, 19. Næs lang tó ðý ðæt his bróðor ðyses lǽnan lífes tíman geendode, Lchdm. iii. 434, 25. Se scamfæsta hæfþ genóh on ðæm tó his bettrunge, ðæt his láreów hine suíðe lythwón gemyndgige his unþeáwa. Past. 31; Swt. 207, 3. Wé leornedon æt him ðæt wé flugen ða óliccunga ðisses middangeardes, and eác ðæt, ðæt wé his ege ús ne ondréden, 3; Swt. 33, 23. (3) dæt referring to an object of any gender or number :-- Ðæt (se ǽwelm ealra gúda) eart ðú, Bt. 33, 4; Fox 132, 30. Hé ðæt is, se ða gebundenan út álǽdde. St. And. 14, 33. Ðæt is mid Estum þeáw, ðæt. . ., Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 21, 11. Ðæt is Iohannes gewitnes, Jn. Skt. 1, 19. Godes bearn, ðæt wǽron góde men, Gen. 6, 2. Ða eágan, ðæt beóþ ða láreówas, and se hrycg, ðæt sint ða hiéremenn, Past. 1; Swt. 29, 12 : Nar. 34, 2, 7. Ðæt wǽron eall Finnas, Ors. 1,1; Swt. 17, 26. Ðæt wǽron fiéftiéne hund þúsend monna, 3, 9; Swt. 128, 22. (3 a) ðæt is=there is; -- Ðæt nis nán man ðætte sumes eácan ne þurfe, Bt. 24, 4; Fox 86, 6. (4) one in contrast with another :-- For hwí se góda lǽce selle ðam hálum men séftne drenc, and óðrum hálum strangne, Bt. 39, 9; Fox 226, 10. Ðonne lufaþ sum ðæt sum elles hwæt one man likes one thing, another something else, Bt. 33, 2; Fox 122, 24. III. as a relative :-- Sum hírédes ealdor wæs, se (qui) plantode wíngerd, Mt. Kmbl. 21, 33. Nys nán þing dýhle, ðæt ne wurðe geswutelod, 10, 26. Ðonne tódǽlaþ hí his feoh, ðæt tó láfe biþ, Ors. 1. 1.; Swt. 20, 28. Gif ðú sý his discipul, se is cweden Crist, St. And. 8, 13. Ondrǽd ðé Drihten and his ródtácn, beforan ðæm forhtigaþ heofon and eorþe, 20, 25. Ðæt ic eów secge on þýstrum, secgaþ hyt on leóhte, Mt. Kmbl. 10, 27. Manige synt on ðisse ceastre, ða sculou geleófan on mínne naman, St. And. 12, 7. Ill a. where relative and antecedent are included in the same word :-- Móste on écnisse æfter lybban se ðæs wæstmes onbát. Cd. Th. 30, 21; Gen. 470 : 63, 8; Gen. 1029. Ðæt gé on eáre gehýraþ bodiaþ uppan hrófum, Mt. Kmbl. 10, 27. Ðonne ðú hæfdest ðæt ðú noldest, oððe næfdest ðæt ðú woldest, Bt. 26, 1; Fox 90, 31. Ðæt hí tóweorpen ðæt God geteohhad hæfþ tó wyrcanne, Ps. Th. 10, 3. Cum and geseoh ðæt hié mé dóþ, St. And. 16, 34. ¶ where the construction is incomplete :-- Eác sculon wiotan ða ofergesettan ðæt ðæt hié unáliéfedes þurhteóþ, swǽ maningra wíta hié beóþ wyrðe, swǽ swǽ hié manna on wón gebrohten, Past. 28; Swt. 190, 6. IV. (see also I. 2 g) in correlative sentences where antecedent and relative are represented (1) by se . . . ðe :-- Gif him gebyrige ðæt hé on ðæs hwæt befoo ðe wið his willan sié, Past. 28; Swt. 198, 23. Ne þearf hé nánes þinges búton ðæs ðe hé on him selfum hæfþ, Bt. 24, 4; Fox 86, 8. Ða gife ic wylle tó ðon dón ðe ic heóld I will put the gift to the use for which I kept it, Guthl. 20; Gdwin. 84, 12. (1 a) by se. . . ðe hé : -- Forðon mæg gehycgan se ðe his heorte deáh, Cd. Th. 282, 8; Sat. 283. Ðæs bihofaþ se ðe him hálig gǽst wísaþ, Exon. Th. 123, 34; Gú. 332. (2) by se . . . se :-- Se ilca se monegum yfelum geárode, Past. 3; Swt. 35, 24. Ðonne cymeþ se man se ðæt swiftoste hors hafaþ, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 20, 36. Se þurhwunaþ óþ ende, se byþ hál, Mt. Kmbl. 10, 22. Gif ðæt wæs, ðæt seldon gelomp, Bd. 3, 5; S. 527, 2. Beó ðæt þinga, ðæt hit beó, ðæt se man tó note wyrcean wille, Btwk. 222, 8. Hé for Godes ege déþ ðæt ðæt hé déþ, Past. 22; Swt. 169, 4. Herigan ðæt ðæt hé fæsðrǽdes wiste, 32, 2; Swt. 213, 7. (2 a) by se . . . se hé :-- Ðæt is se Abraham, se him ( = ðe him to whom) engla God naman ásceóp, Cd. Th. 201, 30; Exod. 380. (3) by se . . . se ðe: -- Ðys ys se be ðam ðe gecweden ys, Mt. Kmbl. 3, 3. Se ðe brýde hæfþ, se is brýdguma, Jn. Skt. 3, 29. Seó ilce burg, seó ðe mǽst wæs, seó is nú læst, Ors. 2, 4; Swt. 74, 22. Ðæt mon ne wæs, se ðe him ætýwde, Bd. 2, 12; S. 514, 25. Ðæt ðe ácenned is of flǽsce, ðæt is flǽsc; and ðæt ðe of gáste ácenned is, ðæt is gást, Jn. Skt. 3, 6. Ða, ða ðe hi, qui, Rtl. 5, 33. Ðæs monnes nama wæs, se ðe hí beheáfdade, Dorotheos, Shrn. 89, 17. Ða eallreordan þeóde, ðara ðe hí ða gereorde ne cúþan, gesécan. Bd. 1. 23; S. 485, 33. Ðætte tǽlwyrðes sié, ðæt hié ðæt tǽlen, Past. 28; Swt. 195, 24. Hí námon him wíf of eallum ðám, ða ðe hig gecuron, Gen. 6, 2. (3 a) irregular constructions :-- Se, seðe ǽr worolde rícsode on hefenum, hit is áwriten, Iudéas woldon hine dón tó cyninge, Past. 3; Swt. 33, 12. Se ilca, seðe wénde ðæt hé wǽre ofer ealle óðere menn, him gebyrede . . ., 4; Swt. 39, 24. Se hondwyrm, se ðe secgas seaxe delfaþ, Exon. Th. 427, 24; Rä. 41, 96. Se biþ leófast, se ðe hym God syleþ gumena ríce tó gehealdenne, 326, 21; Víd. 132. Cf. Hé weorðeþ eádig se ðe hine God geceóseþ beatus quem elegisti, Ps. Th. 64, 4. (4) by se . . . se se: -- Swá þyncþ him, ðæt se hié him niédscylde sceolde, se se hié him sealde, Past. 9; Swt. 57, 6. Ðæt ðæt lator biþ, ðæt hæfþ angin, Homl. Th. i. 284, 7. Ǽlc mon tiohhaþ him ðæt tó sélestum goode ðæt ðæt hé swíðost lufaþ, Bt. 33, 2; Fox 122, 23. (4 a) irregular :-- Se Drihten, se ðæs ( = ðe his) setl ys on heofenum, Ps. Th. 10, 4. V. in adverbial or conjunctional forms. In phrases such as for . ðam ðe the pronominal element was represented later by that, as in Shakspere, and is now usually omitted altogether, (i) Nó (nalses, nallas no) ðæt án ðæt . . . ac not only . . . but also, Bt. 21; Fox 74, 17 : 22, 1; Fox 76, 13: 37, 3; Fox 190, 18: Guthl. 5; Gdwin. 30, 23. (2) Ðæs (a) in reference to time, or sequence of events, marking the point from which measurement is made, after :-- Sume men secgen ðæt hire ǽwielme sié on westende Affrica, and ðonne folraðe ðæs (very soon after) sié eást irnende on ðæt sond, Ors. 1. 1; Swt. 12, 21. Fulraðe ðæs ic clipode tó him, Bt. 22, l; Fox 76, 8. Ðæs on morgen the next morning, Ors. 3, 4; Swt. 104, 5. Ðæs on ðǽm æfterran geáre anno ab hoc proximo, 4, 6; Swt. 172, 17. Ðæs ymb iii geár tertio anno, Swt. 176, 24. Ðæs ymb iii niht, Chr. 871; Erl. 74, 6, 14, 25. Wífes wer gif hé forþfærþ ymbe xii mónaþ ðæs heó mót niman óðerne mortuo viro, post annum licet mulieri alium accipere, L. Ecg. C. 19; Th. ii. 146, 10. ¶ Ðæs ðe:--Ðæs ðe ðá seó costung gestilled wæs, ðá wǽron forþgongende ða geleáfsuman, Bd. 1, 8; S. 479, 19: 3, 22; S. 552, 39. Sóna ðæs ðe hí on ðis eálond cómon, ðá compedon hí, 1, 12; S. 480, 29. Ðæs ðe . . . ðá sóna, 5, 6; S. 620, 11. Æfter siextegum daga ðæs ðe ðæt timber ácorfen wæs intra sexagesimum diem quam arbores caesae erant, Ors. 4, 6; Swt. 172, 4. Hé ðá gyt lifde æfter ændlefan geárum ðæs ðe [hé] wæs bebyrged, Shrn. 82, 15. Ðæt wæs ymb twelf mónaþ ðæs ðe hié ǽr hider cómon, Chr. 894; Erl. 93, 14: 895; Erl. 93, 32: 896; Erl. 94, 23. (b) marking degree, proportion, so (cf. colloquial use of that=so, with adjectives):--Nǽre flód ðæs deóp, merestreám ðæs micel, ðæt his mín mód getweóde, Cd. Th. 51, 26, 27; Gen. 832, 833. Nó ðæs fród leofaþ gumena bearna ðæt ðone grund wite (so wise as to know), Beo. Th. 2737; B. 1366. Wurde ðú ðæs gewitleás, ðæt ðú þonc ne wisses, Exon. Th. 90, 12; Cri. 1473. Nis ǽnig ðæs horsc ne ðæs hygecræftig ðe ðín fromcyn mǽge geséþan, 15, 24; Cri. 241. Wé ús wið him sceldan ðæs ðe wé mihton we protected ourselves against them as far as we could, Nar. 14, 29: Ps. Th. 10, 3: Homl. Th. ii. 550, 20: L. Eth. v. 23; Th. i. 310, 11: vi. 1; Th. i. 314, 6: Lchdm. ii. 86, 23. Næs ic nǽfre git náne hwíle swá emnes módes, ðæs ðe ic gemunan mǽge (from what, or as far as, I can remember), Bt. 26, 1; Fox 90, 25. ¶ with comparatives:--Ðá clypodon hig ðæs ðe má (so much the more), Mt. Kmbl. 20, 31: Mk. Skt. 10, 26. Sió wund biþ ðæs ðe wierse and ðý máre, Past. 17; Swt. 123, 18: 18; Swt. 131, 16. Ðæt hié wénden ðæt hié ðæs ðe (tanto) untǽlwyrðran wǽren ðe (quanta) hié wénden ðæt hé nyste hira leóhtmódnesse, 32, 2; Swt. 215, 1. (b I) with tó :-- Tó ðæs mycel ðæt . . . so great that . . ., Bd. 1, 1; S. 474, 13. Wæs seó eorþe tó ðæs heard and tó ðæs stánihte ðæt . . ., 4. 28; S. 605, 27. Nis nán tó ðæs lytel ǽwelm, ðæt hé ða sǽ ne geséce, Bt. 24, 1; Fox 80, 24. Hé him ðæs leán forgeald tó ðæs ðe hé in ræste geseah Grendel lícgan he gave him reward for that so, or to such a degree, that he saw Grendel lie dead, Beo. Th. 3175; B. 1585. (c) marking agreement, according to what, as :-- Wé him andswaredon ðæs ðe hé ús áxode respondimus juxta id quod fuerat sciscitatus, Gen. 43, 7. Hú hé him ondwyrdan sceolde ðæs hé hiene áscade quid sibi tamquam consulenti responderi velit, Ors. 3, 9; Swt. 126, 30. Ðæs ðe (ut) mé gesawen is, Bd. 1, 25; S. 487, 12: Bt. 24, 3; Fox 84, 10. Swá efne ðæs ðe ita ut, Bd. 1, 34; S. 499, 20. And se mon biþ ðæs ðe swá tó cweþanne sí ǽghwæðer ge gehæfted ge freó itaque homo est, ut ita dixerim, captivus et liber, 1, 27; S. 497, 40. Ðæs ðe béc secgaþ as books say, St. And. 26, 6. (d) because, since :-- Waa mé ðæs ic swigode vae mihi quia tacui, Past. 49, 2; Swt. 379, 24. (3) Ðæm, ðam, ðan, ðon (ðe). (a) with a comparative:--Gif hé ne biþ ðon raþor gelácnod, Lchdm. ii. 200, 20. (b) with prepositions :-- Æfter ðæm ðe Rómeburg getimbred wæs urbe condita, Ors. 4, 6; Swt. 170, 19 (and often). Æfter ðæm ðe Cartainiense gefliémde wǽron hié wilnedon friþes Carthaginenses, fracti bellis, pacem poposcerunt, Swt. 174, 23. Æ-acute;r ðæm ðe Rómeburh getimbred wǽre, 1, 3; Swt. 32, 1 (and often) Æ-acute;r ðam ðe donec, Mt. Kmbl. 12, 20. Æ-acute;r ðon, Past. 33, 1; Swt. 215, 15. Wurdon viiii folc&dash-uncertain;gefeoht gefohten . . . and bútan ðam ðe him cyninges þegnas oft ráde onridon ðe mon ná ne rímde there were nine pitched battles . . . and besides king's thanes often made raids upon them, that were not counted, Chr. 871; Erl. 76, 10. For ðæm ðe (1) for, because :-- Eádige synt ða líðan; for ðam ðe (quoniam) hí eorþan águn, Mt. Kmbl. 5, 4. For ðam, 5, 3. For ðon ðe quia, 7, 13. Ða Deniscan sǽton ðǽr behindan, for ðæm hiora cyning wæs gewundod, Chr. 894; Erl. 91, 2. For ðæm ðe, 91, 28. For ðam, Ps. Th. 9, 13. Ðý . . . for ðam therefore . . . because, Bt. 36, 7; Fox 184, 15. (2) therefore :-- Hé for ðæm nolde, ðý hé mid his folce getrúwode ðæt hé hiene beswícan mehte, Ors. 2, 4; Swt. 76, 8: Bt. 38, 2; Fox 188, 16. For ðon (therefore) ic ðé bebióde, Past. pref.; Swt. 5, 1. (3) for the purpose, in order :-- Geþence gé hwæt gé sién; for ðæm ðæt gé eówer mód gemetgien pensa, quod es; ut se spiritus temperet, Past. 21, 4; Swt. 159, 14. Mid ðæm ðe whilst, when, as, of simultaneous events:--Mid ðæm ðe ða burgware swá geómorlíc angin hæfdon ðá com se cyning self mid his scipe inter haec procedit ipse de navi sua imperator, Ors. 4, 5; Swt. 166, 14. Mid ðam ðe se apostol stóp intó ðære byrig, ðá bær man him tógeánes ánre wydewan líc, Homl. Th. i. 60, 11. Ongemang, onmang ðam (ðe) whilst, meanwhile :-- Ongemang ðæm ðe hié wilniaþ ðæt hié gifule byncen, Past. 45, 3; Swt. 339, 24. Seó sunne sáh tó setle onmang ðam ðe hí on wópe wæron, Homl. Skt. i. 23, 246: Chr. 1105; Erl. 240, 4. Ongemang ðam (interea) his leorningcnihtas hine bǽdon, Jn. Skt. 4, 31. Tó ðam (1) marking degree so, to such a degree :-- Ðá wǽron hié tó ðæm gesárgode, ðæt hié ne mehton Súð-Seaxna lond útan berówan, Chr. 897; Erl. 96, 8. Men tó ðam dyrstige ðæt hí ðæt gold nimen men so bold as to take the gold, Nar. 35, 9: Bt. 11, 1; Fox 32, 32. Nis nán tó ðam ungelýfedlíc spel . . . ðæt ic hym ne gelífe, Shrn. 196, 18. Tó ðam ðú mé hæfst gerétne ðæt . . ., Bt. 22, 1; Fox 76, 11. (2) marking purpose, to the end (that):--Tó ðæm ðæt (ut) hé forleóse heora gemynd, Ps. Th. 33, 16: 10, 2. Ne com hé ná tó ðam on eorþan ðæt him mon þénade, Past. 17; Swt. 121, 8. Tó ðæm ðæt, pref.; Swt. 5, 3. Ða cwóman tó ðon ðæt hié woldan ús wundigan nos adlacessere temptabant, Nar. 22, 17. Wið ðam ðe in return for, on condition (that), connecting two clauses containing mutual concessions, v. wið:--Se cyng and his witan him (the Danes) gafol and metsunga behétan wið ðam ðe hí heora hergunga geswicon, Chr. 1011; Erl. 144, 22: Past. 36, 6; Swt. 255, 3, 9. (4) Ðæt in óþ ðæt. v. óþ, II. 2. (5) Ðý, ðí, ðig (1) therefore, so :-- Ðý him is micel þearf, ðonne hé tela lǽrþ, ðæt hé eác tela doo, Past. 28; Swt. 193, 12; Bt. 36, 7; Fox 184, 14. Ðý ideo, L. Ecg. P. i. 15; Th. ii. 178, 29. Ðig itaque, Th. ii. 176, 15. (2) because :-- Wénst ðú, ðæt ealle ða þing ðe góde sint, for ðý góde sint, ðý hí habbaþ hwæthwegu gódes on him, 34, 9; Fox 146, 30: Ors. 2, 4; Swt. 76, 8. (3) with comparatives, the, any :-- Búton ðú mé ðý gesceádlícor óðer gerecce, Bt. 39, 2; Fox 214, 7. Hió ne biþ ðý neár ðære sǽ ðe hió biþ on midne dæg, 39, 3; Fox 214, 28. Ðæt hié hira selfra ne ágon ðý máre geweald ðe óðerra monna, Past. 33, 1; Swt. 215, 13. Hié woldon ðæt hér ðý mára wísdóm on londe wǽre ðý wé má geþeóda cúðon, Past. pref.; Swt. 5, 24. (2) with prepositions. For ðý (ðe), (a) therefore :-- For ðý . . . ðý therefore . . . because, Bt. 34, 9; Fox 146, 30. For ðý . . . for ðæm therefore . . . because, Past. 21; Swt. 157, 10. (b) because :-- Ðæt wæs for ðý ðe hié wǽron benumene ðæs ceápes, Chr. 895; Erl. 93, 17. Mid ðý (ðe) (a) of time, when, as :-- Mid ðý ðe hé ðis gebed gecweden hæfde, Blickl. Homl. 229, 27: 231, 7. Sumre tíde mid ðý ðe wé wǽron mid úrum Drihtne, 235, 2. Mid ðí ðe, 237, 17. Mid ðí hé ðis cwæð, hé ástáh on heofonas, 237, 15. Mid ðý cum, Bd. 4, 24; S. 598, 33. Mið ðý cum, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 24, 15 (and often). (b) denoting a cause or consequence, when, as, since :-- Mid ðý Peohtas wíf næfdon, hí bǽdon him wífa fram Scottum, Bd. 1, 1; S. 474, 19. (c) though :-- Gif hé eów forhogige and eów ne wylle árísan tógeánes mid ðý eówer má is sin autem vos spreverit, nec coram vobis adsurgere voluerit, cum sitis numero plures, 2, 2; S. 503, 13. Tó ðý . . . ðæt to the end that :-- Ne com hé for ðý ðæt hé wolde his eorþlíce ríce mid riccetere him tó geteón; ac tó ðí hé com ðæt hé wolde his heofenlíce ríce geleáffullum mannum gyfan, Homl. Th. i. 82, 20-24: ii. 226, 9. Ne dó ná se Godes þeówa Godes þénunge for sceattum, ac tó ðý ðæt hé geearnige ðæt éce wuldor þurh ðæt, L. Ælf. C. 27; Th. ii. 352, 23. [Gothic and Icelandic have forms corresponding with the nom. m. f. se, seó, and O. Sax. also has a masculine se; in other dialects the dental forms prevail throughout. In the Lindisfarne Gospels ðe (=ipse, Mt. Kmbl. 15, 24), ðiú (=quae, 24, 15) are used, but also se ðe (=qui, 6, 4). In later English þe, þeo replace se, seó.]
se so :-- Se ðeáh yet, still, Exon. Th. 13, 31; Cri. 211: 159, 30; Gú. 934: 328, 24; Vy. 22: 454, 6; Hy. 4, 28: 455, 12, 18; Hy. 4, 48, 51: 495, 13; Rä. 84, 7. Hwæðre se ðeáh, 417, 27; Rä. 36, 11. Efne se ðeáh, 421, 33; Rä. 40, 27: 482, 2; Rä. 66, 1. Se ðeána, 127, 3; Gú. 380. Sete hí samod anlíce swá se wægnes hweól pone ilos ut rotam, Ps. Th. 82, 10. [Hi rihtleceden þat folc swa se hi mihten, O. E. Homl. i. 235, 32. Se in combinations hwat se, alse is frequent in later English.] v. swá, nese (?).
seád, seáda, seáfian, seaht, seal, sealcan, seald. v. seód, seáða, seófian, seht, sealh, á-sealcan, solcen, sellan.
sealdness, e; f. Giving :-- Sealdnesse dandi, Wrt. Voc. ii. 28, 7. v. ge-saldniss.
sealf, e: sealfe, an (?); f. Salve, ointment :-- Salf, salb malagma, Txts. 77, 127. Sealf, Wrt. Voc. i. 68, 6. Smyrels vel sealf unguina vel unguenta, 49, 29. Fota, i. confortata vel sealf, ii. 149, 76. Smyrels oððe sealfe unguentum, i. 74, 8. Sealfe nardi, Hpt. Gl. 517, 28. For hwí wæs ðisse sealfe forspillednes? Ðeós sealf mihte beón geseald, Mk. Skt. 14, 4, 5: Jn. Skt. 12, 3, 5. Wyrc tó salfe (sealfe, MSS. H. B.), Lchdm. i. 110, 18. Sealfe fotu, Wrt. Voc. ii. 90, 74. Lǽcedómnessa oððe sealfe cataplasma, 18, 31. [O. Sax. salƀa: O. H. Ger. salb and salba (gen. -a and -un) unctio, unguentum, malagma, cataplasma.] v. bæþ-, bán-, ciper-, cú-, dolh-, eág-, eár-, ele-, múþ-, sceáde-, smeoru-, tóþ-, weax-, weaxhláf-, wen-sealf.
sealf-box, es; m.? n.? A box for ointment :-- Án wíf hæfde hyre sealfbox deórwyrþes nardes, and tóbrocenum sealfboxe ofer his heáfod ágét, Mk. Skt. 14, 3: Lk. Skt. 7, 37.
sealf-cynn, es; n. An ointment :-- Sealfcyn (seals-, Wrt.) amaracium (cf. Span, unguento amaracino a sort of ointment made of marjoram), Wrt. Voc. ii. 7, 74.
sealfian; p. ode To salve, anoint :-- Sealfode fotam, Wrt. Voc. ii. 37, 16: 85, 22. Gisalbot delibutus, Txts. 56, 325. [Salue me mine wunden, Marh. 5, 30. Eʒhesallfe to sallfenn þe follkes herrtess eʒhe, Orm. 9427. Þatt mann þatt smeredd iss and sallfedd, 13243. Buten ʒif heorte wunden beon isalued, A. R. 274, 30. Goth. salbón to anoint: O. Sax. salƀón: O. H. Ger. salbón ungere, fovere, impinguare.]
sealf-lǽcnung, e; f. Curing by means of salves or ointments:--Farmacida in Latinum medicamina sonat, id est sealflǽcnung, Wrt. Voc. ii. 39, 19. v. next word.
sealf-lǽcung, e; f. Pharmacy; pharmacia, Wrt. Voc. i. 20, 27. v. preceding word.
sealh, salig, es; m. A sallow, sally, selly (v. E. D. S. Pub. Plant Names, p. 607):-- Salch, salh salix, Txts. 94, 892. Sealh amera, Wrt. Voc. i. 285, 61. Seal, ii. 8, 41. Seales rinde, Lchdm. iii. 14, 2. Reádes seales leáf (red sally lythrum salicaria, Plant Names, p. 413), 58, 28. Genim sealh, ii. 18, 26: 86, 7. On salig (saligum, Ps. Lamb.: salum, Ps. Surt.: sealum. Ps. Spl.) wé úre organan up áhéngan in salicibus snspendimus organa nostra, Ps. Th. 136, 2. Salhas salices, Txts. 113, 58. Selas saliunculas, Hpt. Gl. 408, 56. [In selihes (salyhes, MS. H.), Ps. 136, 2. Chauc. salwes: Prompt. Parv. salwhe: O. H. Ger. salaha; gen. -un; f. salix, saliuncula: Ger. sahl-weide: Icel. selga (cf. selly, Yorks.); f.] v. following words.
sealh-beorh a hill where sallows grow :-- Tó sahlbeorge, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 451, 17.
sealh-hangra a meadow where sallows grow :-- On sealhangran, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. vi. 234, 18.
sealh-hyrst a sallow-copse :-- Tó sealhyrstæ foreweardræ, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 256, 1.
sealh-rind the bark of sallow :-- Nim sealhrinde, Lchdm. ii. 98, 9. Gréne sealhrinde, 318, 9.
Sealh-wudu Selwood :-- Be eástan Sealwyda, Chr. 878; Erl. 80, 9. Sealwuda, 894; Erl. 92, 19.
sealm, psealm, psalm, es; m. A psalm, song (a) in a general sense:--Psalmus, propie hearpsang; canticum psalm, æfter hearpan sang; psalmus ǽr hearpan sang, Wrt. Voc. i. 28, 36-38. On fatum sealmes in vasis psalmi, Ps. Spl. 70, 24. Syngaþ Gode sealm, 67, 4. Salma psalmorum, Ps. Surt. 70, 21. On sealmum wé drýman him in psalmis jubilemus ei, Ps. Spl. 94, 2. Ðæt ic Gode sealmas singe, Ps. Th. 56, 9, 11. (b) the psalms of David:--David wítegode fela ymbe Crist, swá swá ús cýðaþ ða sealmas ðe hé gesang, Ælfc. T. Grn. 7, 25. On Moyses ǽ, on wítegum and on sealmum, Lk. Skt. 24, 44. On psalmum (salmum, Cott. MSS.) Past. 48; Swt. 375, 1. (c) with special reference to the services of the church:--Hú fela psealma on nihtlícum tídum tó singenne synt, R. Ben. 6, 15. Sealma, 33, 5: 6, 22. Nǽnig mon ne dorste for hine sæalmas ne mæssan singan, Bd. 5, 14; S. 634, 35. Seofon seolmas, Coll. Monast. Th. 33, 29. [O. L. Ger. salm: O. H. Ger. salmo, psalmo: Icel. sálm.] v. bletsing-, gebed-, lof-sealm.
sealma, selma, an.; m. A couch :-- Selma, benc sponda, Txts. 98, 955. Gewíteþ ðonne on sealman, Beo. Th. 4911; B. 2460. (Cf. Lazarus answeƀit ist an selmon, Hel. 4008.) [O. Frs. bed-selma bedstead.]
sealm-cwide, es; m. A psalm :-- On stefne sealmcwides uoce psalmi, Ps. Lamb. 97, 5.
sealm-fæt:--On sealmfatum translates in vasis psalmorum, Ps. Th. 70, 20.
sealm-getæl, es; n. A tale or number of psalms :-- Ðæs sealmgetæles is elles tó lyt, R. Ben. 43, 19.
sealm-glig, -gliw, es; n. Psalmody :-- On sealmglige in psalterio, Blickl. Gl. Sealmglywe, Ps. Lamb. 143, 9.
sealmian; p. ode To play on the harp (and sing):--Ic singe and sealmige cantabo et psallam (I sal sing and salme, Ps.), Ps. Spl. M. 107, 1.
sealm-leóþ, es; n. A psalm :-- Sealmleóþ and hearpswég psalterium et cythara, Blickl. Gl.
sealm-lof, es; n. A psalm :-- Sealmlof psalmus, Ps. Lamb. 146, 1: 17, 50: psalterium, 107, 3. Sealmlof cweðaþ psallite, 97, 4.
sealm-lofian to sing psalms :-- Singaþ him and sealmlofiaþ him cantate ei et psallite ei, Ps. Lamb. 104, 2.
sealm-sang, es; m. I. a psalm :-- Sealmsang psalmus, Ps. Lamb. 146, 1. Salmsang, 60, 9. On sealmsangum in psalmis, Hymn. Surt. 7, 34. II. psalm singing, psalmody :-- Ðá ðá se sealmsang gefylled wæs expletis psalmodiis, Bd. 4, 7; S. 575, 2. Ðæs dæglícan sealmsanges diurne psalmodie, Wrt. Voc. ii. 141, 61: R. Ben. 34, 9. On fæstenne and on sealmsange, Blickl. Homl. 199, 34. Gif se man sealmsang ne cunne si homo psalmos cantare nesciat, L. Ecg. P. iv. 61; Th. ii. 222, 16. Sealmsang melodiam, Wrt. Voc. ii. 56, 77. III. the making and reciting of psalms :-- Ða twegen fixas getácnodon sealmsang and ðæra wítegena cwydas. Án ðæra bodode Cristes tócyme mid sealmsange and óðer mid wítegunge. Nú sind ða twá gesetnyssa, ðæt is sealmsang and wítegung, Homl. Th. i. 188, 16-19. [O. H. Ger. salm-sang psalmus, psalterium, psalmodia.]
sealm-scop, es; m. A writer or maker of psalms, a psalmist (generally the psalmist David):--Se sealmscop (salm-, Cott. MSS.), Past. 1; Swt. 29, 8. Salmscop, 14; Swt. 85, 23. Psalmsceop (-scop, Cott. MSS.), 37; Swt. 273, 13: 275, 21. Se sealmsceop, Blickl. Homl. 55, 12: 57, 1: L. Ecg. P. i. 9; Th. ii. 176, 14: Homl. Th. ii. 82, 30. Sealmscopes psalmigraphi, Hpt. Gl. 430, 40. Heáhfæderas, wítigan, sealmsceopas, Blickl. Homl. 105, 10: Wulfst. 250, 18.
sealm-traht, es; m. A commentary on the psalms or on a psalm :-- Swá swá Hieronimus se wísa trahtnere áwrát on sumum sealmtrahte, Homl. As. 36, 297.
sealm-wyrhta, an; m. A psalmist :-- Se psalmwyrhta (David), Homl. Th. ii. 82, 32. Sealmwyrhta, Ælfc. T. Grn. 1, 24.
sealt, es; n. Salt (lit. and fig.):--Sealt sal, Wrt. Voc. i. 82. 89. Gé synt eorþan sealt (salt, Lind., Rush.): gyf ðæt sealt áwyrþ, Mt. Kmbl. 5, 13: Mk. Skt. 9, 49, 50. Hwylc manna werodum þurhbrýcþ mettum búton swæcce sealtes quis hominum dulcibus perfruitur cibis sine sapore salis? Coll. Monast. Th. 28, 17. Nim ácorfenes sealtes (rock salt) ðæt wæter ðe ðǽrof gǽþ, Lchdm. ii. 246, 18. Hwítes sealtes, iii. 20, 26. Greát sealt rock salt, 40, 20, 10: i. 158, 34. [Goth. salt: O. Sax. O. L. Ger. salt: O. H. Ger. salz: Icel. salt.] See following words, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. vi. 331, col. 2, and Leo on Anglo-Saxon Names. p. 27.
sealt, salt; adj. Salt, (1) of that which is naturally salt:--For hwam wæs seó sǽ sealt geworden? Moises áwearp ða .x. word in ða sǽ, and his teáras ágeát in ða sǽ; for ðam wearð seó sǽ sealt, Salm. Kmbl. 188, 15-19. Sealt wæter the sea, Ps. Th. 68, 2: Cd. Th. 13, 6; Gen. 198. Brim sceal sealt weallan, Menol. Fox 552; Gn. C. 45. On sealtum mersce in salsuginem, Ps. Spl. 106, 34. Óþ ðone sealtan mere usque ad lacum Salinarum, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 26, 8. Ofer sealtne (saltne, Cott. MSS.) sǽ, Past. pref.; Swt. 9, 8. Sió onlícnes sendde mycel wæter þurh hiora múþ swá sealt (very salt), Blickl. Homl. 245, 25. Eahtoðe wæs sealtes pund, ðanon him wǽron ða teáras sealte, Salm. Kmbl. 180, 16. Sealte ýða, Cd. Th. 205, 26; Exod. 441. Sealte sǽwǽgas, 240, 9; Dan. 384. Sealte streámas, Exon. Th. 206, 2; Ph. 120. Sealte flódas, Ps. Th. 68, 14. Swég sealtera wætera, 76, 13. Salte sǽstreámas, Andr. Kmbl. 1497; An. 750. (2) of that which is artificially salt, salt (meat):--Tú hriéðeru, óðer sealt, óðer fersc, Ch. Th. 158, 27. Forgá sealtes gehwæt, Lchdm. ii. 56, 23. Ete sealtne mete and nówiht fersces, iii. 28, 24. Sele ðú him sealte mettas, 182, 13: 184, 8. [O. Frs. salt: Icel. saltr.] v. un-sealt.
sealt-ærn, -ern, es; n. A salt-house, a place where salt is prepared :-- .i. sealtern, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. ii. 64, 28. Bútan ðem sealtern and bútan ðem wioda ðe tó ðem sealtern limpþ, 66, 22. Sealtearn, iii. 426, 19.
sealt-bróc, es; m. A brook that runs from salt works (?):--Ofsalterewellan eástriht on saltbróc; and swá ondlong saltbróces, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 206, 32.
sealten; adj. Salt, salted :-- In ðæm ðe biþ salten in quo salietur, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 5, 13.
sealtere, es; m. A salt-worker :-- Sealtere salinator, Wrt. Voc. i. 74, 10. Sealtere, saltere, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 21; Zup. 47, 2. Sealtere, hwæt ús fremaþ cræft ðín ? . . . Nán eówer blisse brýcþ on gereorduncge oððe mete, búton cræft mín gistlíþe him beó, Coll. Monast. Th. 28, 5-11. On ðone saltherpaþ; and swá ondlong ðæs herpaþes ðæt on salteredene . . . on salterewellan; of salterewellan eástriht on saltbróc, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. lii. 206, 28-32. Sealtera cumb, 412, 24. In saltera weg; of sealtera wege, 80, 16. [Prompt. Parv. saltare or wellare of salt salinator.]
sealt-fæt, es; n. A vessel for salt, a salt-cellar :-- Sealtfæt salinare vel salinum, Wrt. Voc. i. 26, 59: vas salis, 290, 23: Anglia ix. 264, 18. Se Hǽlend bestang ðone hláf on ðæt sealtfæt ðe him beforan stód, Homl. As. 163, 254. [O. H. Ger. salz-faz salinum: Icel. salt-fat.]
sealt-hálgung, e; f. Salt-hallowing; benedictio salis:--Salthálguncge tó acrum ɫ in húsum, Rtl. 117, 33.
sealt-herepaþ a road to salt-works. v. sealtere, and cf. sealt-strǽt.
sealt-hús, es; n. A house where salt is prepared (?) or sold (?); salinarium, Wrt. Voc. i. 56, 49. [O. H. Ger. salz-hús salsamentarium.]
sealtian to dance. v. saltian and next word.
sealticge, an; f. A dancer :-- Hét Herodes ðæt heáfod beran on disce and sellan ánre sealticgan (the daughter of Herodias who danced before Herod) hire plegan tó méde, Shrn. 123, 2.
sealt-leáf glosses mozicia, Wrt. Voc. ii. 59, 35.
sealt-leáh; gen. -leáge; f. A salt lea; hence Saltley :-- Of ðan swínhagan ðæt on sealtleáge; and of sealtleáge in ðone hyrstgeard, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 400, 1.
sealt-mere, es; m: A salt mere or marsh; hence Saltmere.--Tó sealtmere; of sealtmere, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 82, 3.
sealtness, e; f. Saltness :-- Eorþan wæstmbére sealtsæleðan ɫ to sealtnesse terram fructiferam in salsuginem, Ps. Lamb. 106, 34. In saltnisse in salsilaginem, Ps. Surt. 106, 34.
sealt-sæleða. v. preceding word.
sealt-seáþ, es; m. A salt-pit, salt-spring :-- Hafaþ eác ðis land sealtseáþas hábet fontes salinarum, Bd. 1, 1; S. 473, 22. [Cf. O. H. Ger. salz-suti salina.]
sealt-stán, es; m. I. rock salt :-- Ðis mæg tó eáhsalfe: genim geoluwne stán (ochre) and saltstán, Lchdm. i. 374, 14. II. a stone formed of salt, a pillar of salt :-- Heó on sealtstánes sóna wurde anlícnesse ǽfre siððan, Cd. Th. 154, 31; Gen. 2564. Lothes wíf wearð áwende tó ánum sealtstáne (in statuam salis), Gen. 19, 26: Anglia vii., 48, 472. [O. H. Ger. salz-stein: Icel. salt-steinn. In English salt-stone somewhat later means a rock in the sea, translating cautes, Wrt. Voc. i. 256, col. 1.]
sealt-strǽt, e; f. A road to salt-works (?); hence Saltstreet :-- Andlang sealtstrǽte, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 38, 20. Ondlong ðære sealtstrǽt, 160, 13. Tó ðære sealtstræte, 263, 24. Cf. sealt-herepaþ.
sealt-wíc, es; u. A place where sail is sold; hence Saltwych :-- In unico emptorio salis quern nos Saltuuic uocamus, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. i. 81, 9. Æt Saltwíc, v. 143, 21.
sealt-wille, -welle, an; f. A salt spring or well; hence Saltwell :-- In saltwyllan; of saltwyllan, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iv. 70, 24. Ða saltwælla ɫ of sæltwælla a saliua (translator seems to have read salina), Mt. Kmbl. P.1. 5.
sealt-ýþ, e; f. A salt wave, sea-wave :-- Ðæt ic sealtýþa gelác cunnige, Exon. Th. 308, 5; Seef. 35. Sealtýþa geswing, 356, 7; Pa. 8.
seám, es; m. A seam :-- Heáfodpanne capitale, heánnes ðære heáfodpannan cacumen capitalis, seám ðære heáfodpannan cerebrum, brægen cervellum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 22, 51-55. Seam panicenū, 116, 8. His tunece wæs eal búton seáme (inconsutilis, Jn. 19, 23), Homl. Th. ii. 254, 32. Geclǽm ealle ða seámas mid tyrwan, i. 20, 33. [O. Frs. sám: O. H. Ger. saum ora, lacinia, limbus: Icel. saumr.]
seám, es; m. I. a seam, a load, burden [a seam of corn is a quarter, eight bushels; a seam of wood is a horse-load; a seam of dung 3 cwts. (Devon), v. E. D. S. Pub. Reprinted Glossaries, and Farming Words 1, 3, 7. Bailey gives a seam of glass as 120 lbs.] :-- Seám vel berþen sarcina, Wrt. Voc. i. 16, 27: Ælfc. Gr. 9, 32; Zup. 59, 3. Seáme sarcina, Hpt. Gl. 528, 35. Gé sýmaþ men mid byrþenum (seámum, Lind. : seómum, Rush.) . . . and gé ne áhrínaþ ða seámas mid eówrum ánum fingre, Lk. Skt. 11, 46. Wæs þridde healf þúsend múla ðe ða seámas (sarcinas) wǽgon. Nar. 9, 10 : 23, 1-2. II. the furniture of a beast of burden:- -- Rachel hig hæfde gehýdd under ánes olfendes seáme (subter stramenta cameli), Gen. 31, 34. III. that in which a burden may be carried, a bag :-- Búta seáme (seóme, Rush. ) sine sacculo, Lk. Skt. Lind. 22, 35. Nællaþ gié gebeara seám (seóm, Rush.) nolite portare sacculum, 10, 4. IV. as a technical term, a service which consisted in supplying the lord with beasts of burden; summagium, sagmegium :-- Hé sceal beón gehorsad, ðæt hé mǽge tó hláfordes seáme ðæt (the horse) syllan oððe sylf lǽdan, swæðer him man tǽce, L. R. S. 5; Th. i. 436, 6. [I shal assoille þe myselue for a seme of whete, Piers P. 3, 40. Seem of corne quarterium, Prompt. Parv. 452. O. H. Ger. soum sagma, sella, sarcina. From Lat. (Gk.) sagma, later salma; cf. Ital. salma; Fr. somme.] v. ofer-seám; síman.
seámere, es; m. A tailor :-- Seámere sartor. Wrt. Voc. i. 74, 12. Seámere, seámyre, Ælfc. Gr. 30, 2; Zup. 190, 6 note. Seámere burdus (burdus sutor vestiarius), Wrt. Voc. i. 21, 47. Se smiþ secgþ . . . Hwanon seámere (sartori) nǽdl ? nis hit of mínon geweorce ? Coll. Monast. Th. 30. 33.
seámere,, es; m. A beast of burden, a mule: -- Hors equus, hengest caballus, seámere burdus ( = burdo; hic burdo, i. genitum inter equum et asinam, 219, col. l). Wrt. Voc. i. 287, 42-44. Seámere burdus, oxa bova, ii. 11, 61-62. [O. H. Ger. soumari burdo, saumarius, dromedarius: Ger. säumer.]
seámestre, an; f. One who sews, a tailor, sempstress (though the noun is feminine it seems not confined to females, cf. bæcestre) :-- Seámestre sartrix, Wrt. Voc. i. 74, 13. Sarcio . . . of ðam is sartor seámystre (-estre, other MSS. seámere) sartrix heó, Ælfc. Gr. 30, 2; Zup. 190, 6, Hió becweð Eádgyfe áne crencestræn and áne sémestran, óðer hátte Eádgyfu, óðer hátte Æðelyfu, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. vi. 131, 32. Fíf pund Ælffǽhe mín sǽmestres, Chart. Th. 568, 10. [Sadlers, souters, semsteris fyn, Destr. Tr. 1585. Good semsters be sowing . . . good huswifes be mending, Tusser 176, 7.]
seám-hors, es; u. A pack-horse; sagmarius equus, Wrt. Voc. i. 23, 13. [Ger. saum-ross.]
seám-penig, -pending, es; m. A toll of a penny on a load (of salt) :-- Se wægnscilling and se seámpending gonge tó ðæs cyninges handa swá hé ealning dyde æt Saltwíc, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 143, 20. Cf. statio sive inoneratio plaustrorum mentioned in connection with salis coctiones, 125, 31. v. Kemble's Saxons in England, ii. 329.
seám-sadol, es; m. A pack-saddle; sagma, Wrt. Voc. i. 23, 12. [O. H. Ger. soum-satol sagma: Ger. saum-sattel.]
seám-sticea, an; m. Some part of a weaver's apparatus :-- Hé sceal fela tówtóla habban . . . seámsticcan, scearra, nǽdle, Anglia ix. 263, 14.
seár and siére; adj. Sear, dry, withered, barren: -- -- Hit stent on ðam siéran bóchagan; andlang ðes siéran bóchagan, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 70, 32. Seáre sleriles, Germ. 402, 69. [His body wex alle seere, R. Brun. 18, 25. With scere braunches, blossoms ungrene, Chauc. R. R. 4752. Seere or dry, as treys or herbys aridus, Prompt. Parv. 453. O. Du. sore dry; zoor dry, withered, or seare (Hexham): L. Ger. soor dry.] v. seárian.
seárian; p. ode To grow sear, wither, pine away :-- Eorþan indryhto ealdaþ and searaþ, Exon. Th. 311, 9; Seef. 89. His leáf and his blǽda ne fealwiaþ ne ne seáriaþ folium ejus non decidet. Ps. Th. 1, 4, Grénu leáf wexaþ . . . hý eft onginnaþ seárian. Shrn. 168, 22. Hé (Regulus) slápan ne mehte, óþ hé swá seárigende his líf forlét, Ors. 4, 6; Swt. 178, 24. [Prompt. Parv. seeryn̄ or dryyn̄ or welkyn̄, dryyn up areo, aresco: O. H. Ger. ar-sórén emarcescere; un-saorentlíh immarcescibilis.] v. á-, for-seárian.
Searo-burh. Salisbury :-- In ðære stówe ðe is genemned [æt] Searobyrg (-byrig, Searoburh, Sælesberi), Chr. 552; Th. pp. 28, 29. Tó Searebyrig, 1086; Th. 353, 18. To Searbyrig, 1003; Th. pp. 252, 253. [Seresbyrig (Særes-), 1123; Th. 374, 5, 20, 24, 34.]
searu, searo, [w]e; f. : [w]es; n. Device, design, contrivance, art. I. in the following glosses it is uncertain whether the word is used with a good or with a bad meaning :-- Sarwo adventio. Wrt. Voc. ii. 99, 38. Searo molimen, 54, 29. Searwe molimine, 89, 64. Searwe argumenta, 84, 69. Searwum commentis, 14, 82 : 80, 76. Seorwum, 104, 75. Seara machinas, Hpt. Gl. 510, 21. II. in a bad sense, craft, artifice, wile, deceit, stratagem, ambush, treachery, plot :-- Searu factio (cf. fácn factiones, 64; bepǽcunga factione, Hpt. Gl. 474, 26), Wrt. Voc. ii. 33, 81. Gleáwnisse and seare (sceare, Wrt. ) astu, Wrt. Voc. ii. 9, 27. Mid searwe on gewald gedón per proditionem tradere, Ors. 1, 12; Swt. 52, 27. Swíðor beswicen for Alexandres searewe ðonne for his gefeohte non minus arte Alexandri superata, quam virtute Macedonum, 3, 9; Swt. 124, 19. Mid searuwe ácwellan morti tradere, Ps. Th. 108, 16. Ðara feónda searo beswícan and ofercurnan, Blickl. Homl. 201, 29. Searo rénian to lay a snare, 109, 30: Cd. Th. 162, 9; Gen. 2678. Þurh ðæs deófles searo dóm forlǽtan, 39, 27; Gen. 632: Exon. Th. 153, 7; Gú. 822: 227, 6; Ph. 419. Þurh ídel searu, Ps. Th. 138, 17: Elen. Kmbl. 1438; El. 721. Swilt þurh searwe death by treachery, Andr. Kmbl. 2695; An. 1350. Searwa molimina (magorum), Hpt. Gl. 502, 53. Sarwa mendacia, Wrt. Voc. ii. 132, 41. Full fácnes and searuwa plenum dolo, Ps. Th. 9, 27 : Met. 9, 27. In searwum in insidiis. Ps. Surt. 9, 29. Searwum factionibus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 34, 9. Mid sibbe wé cómon næs mid searwum pacifice venimus nec quidquam machinamur mali, Gen. 42, 11. Beswicen mid deófles searwum daemonica fraude seductus, Bd. 5, 13; S. 632, 26. Mid searewan (his searum, MS. C. ) consiliis, Ors. 3, 7; Swt. 112, 18. Searowum beswicene, Andr. Kmbl. 1489; An. 745. Hié þurh seara (per insidias) ofslægene wurdon, Ors. 1, 10; Swt. 44, 28. Ðá funde hé swíðe yfel geþeaht and searwa ymb hira líf contra eorum vitam consilium praebuit, Past. 54, 4; Swt. 423, 15. Gif hwá ofsleá his ðone néhstan þurh searwa, L. Alf. 13; Th. i. 48, 1: Blickl. Homl. 83, 33. Hwylce searwa se drý árefnde what artifices the sorcerer practiced, 173, 8. Nyston ða searwe ðe him sǽton bæftan ignorans quod post tergum laterent insidiae, Jos. 8, 14. III. in a good sense, art, skill, contrivance, (in the adverbial inst. searwum skilfully, ingeniously, with art) :-- Searwum ásǽled, Cd. Th. 207, 21; Exod. 470. Salem stód searwum (or IV?) áfæstnod, weallum geweorðod, 218, 17; Dan. 40. Sadol searwum fáh (cf. searu-fáh), Beo. Th. 2080; B. 1038. Earmbeága fela searwum gesǽled (cf. searu-sǽled), 5521; B. 2764: Exon. Th. 438, 10; Rä. 57, 5 (cf. searu-bunden): 216, 17; Ph. 269. Búr átimbran, searwum ásettan, 411, 27; Rä. 30, 6. IV. that which is contrived with art, a machine, engine, fabric :-- Stæfliðere oððe searu ballista, machina belli. Wrt. Voc. ii. 10, 62. Searu ballisla, catapulta, vel machina belli, 125, 9. Middaneardes wyrhta seares mundi factor machinae, Hymn. Surt. 29, 9. Ic seah searo hweorfan, grindan wið greóte, giellende faran, Exon. Th. 414, 29; ä 33, 3. IV a. armour, equipment, arms :-- Byrnan, gúðsearo gumena, gáras. . . sǽmanna searo, Beo. Th. 663; B. 329. Beran beorht searo, Cd. Th. 191, 23; Exod. 219. Licgeþ lonnum fæst . . . swíðe swingeþ and his searo hringeþ, Salm. Kmbl. 534; Sal. 266. Hringíren song in searwum (coats of mail), Beo. Th. 651; B. 323: 5053; B. 2530. Secg on searwum, 503; B. 249: 5392; B. 2700. Geseah on searwum (among the arms) sigeeadig bil, 3118; 8. 1557. Searwum gearwe equipped, 3631; B. 1813. [Goth. sarwa; n. pl. GREEK : O. H. Ger. saro; gi-sarwi, -sarwa lorica, armatura, arma: Icel. sörvi a necklace; armour., ] v. beadu-, bealu-, fácen-, fǽr-, fyrd-, gúþ-, hláford-, inwit-, láþ-, lyge-, nearu-searu; siru; and cf. or-þanc.
searu-bend; m. f. A cunning, curious clasp or fastening :-- Glóf searobendum fæst, sió wæs orþoncum eall gegyrwed diófles cræftum, Beo. Th. 4179; B. 2086. Cf. orþanc-bend.
searu-bunden; adj. Cunningly fastened, bound with art :-- Wunden gold, sine searobunden, Exon. Th. 437, 7, Rä. 56, 4.
searu-cǽg, e; f. An insidious key :-- Flánþracu feorh onleác searocǽgum gesóht (of the insidious attacks of disease), Exon. Th. 170, 27; Gú. 1118.
searu-ceáp, es; n. An ingenious piece of goods, a curious implement :-- Næfde sellícu wiht folme, exle ne earmas, sceal on ánum fét searoceáp (cf. searo, IV) swífan, Exon. Th. 415, 6; Rä. 33, 7.
searu-céne; adj. Bold in arms or skilfully daring :-- Wæs Dauid æt wíge sóð sigecempa, searocýne man, cásere creaftig, Ps. C. 10. Cf. searu-grim.
searu-cræft, es; m. I. a treacherous art, wile, stratagem, an artifice, a machination, plot :-- Searecræft molimen, Hpt. Gl. 502, 56. Searocræft machinam, Wrt. Voc. ii. 54, 28. Þurh diófles searucræft, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. ii. 304, 26. Þurh searocræft, Andr. Kmbl. 217; An. 109. Searecræftum argumentis, Hpt. Gl. 471, 27: machinamentis, 478, 54. Bepǽht mid ðæs deófles searocræftum, Homl. Th. i. 192, 17: Exon. Th. 136, 13; Gú. 540: 142, 19; Gú. 646. Ealdfeónda níþ searocræftum swíð, 110, 25; Gú. 113. Searecræftas machinas (fraudulentas), Hpt. Gl. 474, 15. Ðe hé ne beswíce þurh his searucræftas (searo-, searæ-), Wulfst. 97, 8. Uton forfleón mán and morþor and searacræftas, 115, 9. Swíðe forsyngod þurh swicdómas and þurh searacræftas, 164, 3. II. art, skill, cunning, a cunning art (in a good sense, v. next word):--Wuldres ealdor gesweotula þurh searocræft ðín sylfes weorc, Exon. Th. 1, 16; Cri. 9. Ða róde mid ðám æðelestum eorcnanstánum besetton searocræftum (cunningly, skilfully, cf. searu, III), Elen. Kmbl. 2049; El. 1026. Ne hí searocræftum godweb giredon, Met. 8, 24. III. an engine, machine (cf. searo, IV):--Stæfliðera ballista, searecræftes machinae, Hpt. Gl. 487, 22.
searu-cræftig; adj. I. skilful, skilled in (with gen.), cunning (in a good sense):--Snottor, searocræftig sáwle rǽdes, Frag. Kmbl. 80; Leás. 42. Sum biþ searocræftig goldes and gimma, Exon. Th. 296, 29; Crä. 58. II. wily, cunning (in a bad sense), 416, 7; Rä. 34, 7.
searu-fáh; adj. Curiously, cunningly coloured (cf. gold-fáh):--Herebyrne síd and searofáh, Beo. Th. 2892; B. 1444.
searu-geþræc, es; n. A store of things in which art is displayed :-- Seón and sécean searogeþræc (the dragon's hoard), wundur under wealle, Beo. Th. 6196; B. 3102 [cf. geþræce apparatu, Wrt. Voc. ii. 85, 72].
searu-gim[m], es; m. A curious gem, precious stone :-- Seærogim topazion, Ps. Spl. T. 118, 127. His égan scinan swá searagyrn, Nar. 43, 15. Searogemme unio, Wrt. Voc. ii. 89, 34. Meregrota oððe gymmas (saragimmas, MS. V.) margaritae, Nar. 37, 29. Stán, searogimma nán (æ-acute;lces cynnes gimmas ne . . ., Bt. 34, 8; Fox 144. 31), Met. 21, 21: Beo. Th. 2318; B. 1157. Ðæt ic æ-acute;rwelan, goldæ-acute;ht ongite, gearo sceáwige sigel, searogimmas (the dragon's hoard), 5491; B. 2749: Exon. Th. 478, 5; Ruin. 36.
searu-grim; adj. Fierce in arms or skilfully fierce, having fierceness accompanied by skill :-- Gif ðín hige wǽre swá searogrim swá ðú self talast if thy spirit had been as cunningly fierce (?) as thyself reckons, Beo. Th. 1192; B. 594. Cf. searu-céne.
searu-hæbbend[e] [one] having armour, armed :-- Slǽpe tóbrugdon searuhæbbende the warriors started from sleep, Andr. Kmbl. 3054; An. 1350. Searohæbbendra, 2934; An. 1470: Beo. Th. 480; B. 237: Exon. Th. 468, 12; Phar. 6.
searu-líc; adj. Ingenious, cunning, clever, displaying art or skill :-- Ðæt (writing being able to convey a message) is wundres dǽl, on sefan searolíc ðam ðe swylc ne conn, Exon. Th. 472, 4; Rá. 61, 11. Sum hafaþ searolíc gomen gleódǽda, 298, 9; Crä. 82. v. next word.
searulíce; adv. Ingeniously, cunningly, cleverly, with art or skill :-- Sum mæg searolíce wordcwide wrítan, Exon. Th. 42, 14; Cri. 672. Is se finta sum splottum searolíce beseted, 218, 19; Ph. 297. Ne hí gimreced setton searolíce, Met. 8, 26.
searu-net[t], es; n. I. an armour-net, or a net ingeniously wrought, a coat of mail :-- On him byrne scán, searonet seowed smiþes orþancum, Beo. Th. 816; B. 406. II. a net of treachery or guile, a net (metaph.), a snare, wile :-- Mé elþeódige inwitwrásne, searonet seóþaþ, Andr. Kmbl. 127; An. 64. Searonettum beseted beset with snares, 1885; An. 945.
searu-níþ, es; m. I. hostility to which effect is given by treachery, crafty enmity :-- Ic ne sóhte searoníþas ne ne swór fela áþa on unriht I had not recourse to the arts of the treacherous foe, nor swore many oaths wrongfully, Beo. Th. 5469; B. 2738: 2405; B. 1200. Swá wæs Biówulfe, ðá hé biorges weard sóhte, searoníþas (the wily hostilities of the dragon, who used poison to destroy his foe, cf. áttorsceaþa, 5670, and is called inwitgest, 5333. Cf. too inwit-níþ), 6126; B. 3067. II. armour-hate (v. searu, IV a), martial strife, the strife of armed men, battle :-- Nó ic wiht fram ðé swylcra searuníþa secgan hýrde, billa brógan, 1168; B. 582.
searu-píl, es; m. An implement with a point :-- Mín heáfod is homere geþuren, searopíla wund, sworfen feóle, Exon. Th. 497, 17; Rä. 87, 2.
searu-rún, e; f. A cunning mystery :-- Searorúna gespon, Exon. Th. 347, 20; Sch. 15.
searu-sǽled; adj. Cunningly tied :-- Nelle ic unbunden ǽnigum hýran, nymþe searosǽled (cf. searu, III, and searu-bunden), Exon. Th. 406, 12; Rä. 24, 16.
searu-þanc, es; m. I. a cunning (in a bad sense) thought, device, artifice, wile :-- Geþeóddum searaþancum adhibitis argumentis, Hpt. Gl. 502, 16. Eác ic gelǽrde Simon searoþoncum, ðæt hé sacan ongon, Exon. Th. 260, 16; Jul. 298. Sume ic mínum hondum searoþoncum (cunningly, craftily) slóg, 272, 4; Jul. 494. Searoþancum beseted beset with snares (v. searu-net), Andr. Kmbl. 2511; An. 1257, II a cunning (in a good sense) thought, skilful device :-- Þurh sefan snyttro, searoþonca hord, Past. pref.; Swt. 9, 10. Saga sóðcwidum, searoþoncum, gleáwwordum wísfæst, hwæt ðis gewǽdu sý, Exon. Th. 418, 3; Rä. 36, 13. Se wítga, snottor searuþancum, Elen. Kmbl. 2377; El. 1190. Georne smeádon, sóhton searoþancum (sagaciously, shrewdly), hwæt sió syn wǽre, 827; El. 414. Se wínsele fæste wæs írenbendum searoþoncum (skilfully, cunningly) besmiþod, Beo. Th. 1554; B. 775. Cf. or-þanc.
searu-þancol; adj. Of cunning thought, cunning, sagacious, wise :-- Searoþoncol mægþ (Judith), Judth. Thw. 23, 28; Jud. 145. Nis ǽnig secg searoþoncol tó ðæs swíðe gleáw, Exon. Th. 14, 16; Cri. 220. Ðe (which) secgas searoþoncle seaxe delfaþ, 427, 26; Rä. 41, 97. Gesǽton searuþancle sundor tó rúne, Andr. Kmbl. 2323; An. 1163. Mon ǽnig searoþoncelra, Judth. Thw. 26, 17; Jud. 331.
searu-wrenc, es; m. A crafty trick, treacherous device :-- Hé hié biddende wæs ðæt hié mid sume searawrence from Xerse áwende, Ors. 2, 5; Swt. 82, 21. v. siru-wrenc.
searu-wundor, es; n. A wonderful thing in implements or engines (v. searu, IV, and cf. searu-píl. The term is applied to Grendel's arm, which had been torn away by Beowulf):--Eode scealc monig searowundor seón, Beo. Th. 1844; B. 920.
searwaþ, L. N. P. L. 40; Th. ii. 296, 10. v. next word.
searwian; p. ode To act with craft or treachery, to feign :-- Hé sarwaþ fingitur, Wrt. Voc. ii. 132, 13. Hió searwaþ insidiatur, Kent. Gl. 191. Gif preóst ordál misfadige, gebéte ðæt. Gif preóst searwaþ be winde, gebéte ðæt if a priest do not conduct an ordeal rightly, let him make 'bót.' If a priest uses deceit in respect to the wrapping up of the hand or arm exposed to the ordeal, let him make 'bót,' L. N. P. L. 39, 40; Th. ii. 296, 9-10. Sine searwade treasure played the traitor (left its possessor (?)), Exon. Th. 353, 62; Reim. 37. Searw[a] ð[ú] insidieris, Kent. Gl. 935. Searwiende machinans, 151. Hé cwæð him tó særwigendum móde (insidiously), Homl. Th. ii. 308, 6. v. sirwan and next word.
searwung, e; f. Treachery, artifice, plot, snare :-- Hé sit mid searwungum sedet in insidiis, Ps. Lamb. 9 second, 8. v. sirwung.
seáþ, es; m. A pit, hole, well, reservoir, lake :-- Seáþ lacus, Ælfc. Gr. 11; Zup. 79, 10: Ps. Spl. 7, 16: 27, 1: Mk. Skt. 12, 1: lacus, lacuna, Wrt. Voc. i. 54, 31: fovea, ii. 150, 10: Ps. Spl. 7, 16: 56, 9: puteus, Bd. 5, 12; S. 628, 16: cisterna, Wrt. Voc. ii. 24, 4: Kent. Gl. 102: barathrum, Hpt. Gl. 422, 50: cloaca, 484, 19: 508, 70. Ðǽr is se seáþ ðæs singalan susles . . . Æfter ðam ðe ðú deád bist, ðonne cymst ðú tó helle . . . and ðín seáþ biþ twegea cubita wíd and feówra lang, Nar. 50, 23-29. On hú grundleásum seáþe on how bottomless a pit, Bt. 3, 2; Fox 6, 8. Ðá wæs ðǽr on óðre sídan ðæs hláwes gedolfen swylce mycel wæterseáþ wǽre. On ðam seáþe ufan Gúþlác him hús getimbrode, Guthl. 4; Gdwin. 26, 8. Danihel læg betwux seofan leónum on ánum seáþe, Homl. Th. i. 488, 5. Héht scúfan scyldigne in drígan seáþ, Elen. Kmbl. 1382; El. 693. In synna seáþ, Exon. Th. 267, 10; Jul. 413. Ðǽr syndon twegen seáþas (lakes) . . . heora wíde is .cc. míla ðæs læssan mílgetales, Nar. 36, 25. [Inne deope seaðen setten þa deade, Laym. 841. O. Frs. sáth: M. H. Ger. sót puteus.] v. adel-, cealc-, fǽr-, helle-, horu-, lám-, sand-, sealt-, wæter-, wulf-seáþ.
seáða, an; m. 'A feeling as if the cavity of the body were full of water swaying about,' Cockayne. The word glosses tendiculum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 77, 3:--Wið seáðan (seádan, 4, 18), Lchdm. ii. 56, 10.
seáw, es; n. Juice, moisture, humour :-- Genim túncersan . . . dó in ða nosu dæt se stenc mǽge on ðæt heáfod and ðæt seáw, Lchdm. ii. 22, 14. Genim cileþoniam seáwes cucler fulne, 28, 2. Ys sǽd ðæt se earn wylle mid ðam seáwe (of wood lettuce) his eágan hreppan and wǽtan, i. 128, 12. Seáw ius, 80, 13: 128, 18. Ðæt seáw sele on cuclere súpan, ii. 120, 19. Gemeng wið huniges seáw mix with pure honey, 30, 7. Feallan lǽtaþ seáw of bósme, wǽtan of wombe, Exon. Th. 385, 20; Rä. 4, 47. Seá sucum, Txts. 182, 83. Cumaþ ða ádla on [of?] yflum seáwum, Lchdm. ii. 176, 5. [Used later of food. With diverse spieces The flesh. . . She taketh and maketh thereof a sewe, Gow. ii. 325, 4, Seew, Wick. Gen. 27, 4. I wol nat tellen of her strange sewes, Chauc. Sq. T. 67. Sew cepulatam, Wülck. Gl. 572, 9: Prompt. Parv. 454. O. H. Ger. sou; n. succus, venenum, alimentum: cf. Icel. söggr dank, wet: saggi; m. moistness.] v. liþ-, plúm-seáw; ge-seáw; adj.
seax, es; n. I. a knife, an instrument for cutting :-- Seax cultellus, Wrt. Voc. i. 287, 3. Seax oððe scyrseax culter, ii. 15, 58. Saex, 105, 69. Ðæt stǽnene sex ðe ðæt cild ymbsnáþ, Homl. Th. i. 98, 10. Seaxes ord, Exon. Th. 472, 6; Rä. 61, 12. Seaxes ecg, 70, 20; Cri. 1141. Sníþ mid seaxse, Lchdm. ii. 56, 7. Ða hét hé him his seax árǽcan tó screádigenne ǽnne æppel, Homl. Th. i. 88, 9. Nim ðæt seax ðe ðæt hæfte sié fealo hrýðeres horn and sién .III. ǽrene næglas on, Lchdm. ii. 290, 22. Sting ðín seax on ða wyrte, 346, 12. Hý begyrde resten and náne sex (seax, MSS. T. F.) be heora sídan næbben cultellos ad latus non habeant, R. Ben. 47, 10. Wirc ðé stǽnene sex fac tibi cultros lapideos, Jos. 5, 2. II. as a weapon, a short sword, dagger :-- Ðǽr gebrægd ðara hǽðenra manna sum his seaxe; ðá hé hine ðá stingan mynte, ðá nyste hé fǽringa hwǽr ðæt seax com, Blickl. Homl. 223, 16. Heó hyre seaxe geteáh, brád, brúnecg, Beo. Th. 3095; B. 1545. Hé (St. Martin) tócearf his basing on emtwá mid sexe, Homl. Th. ii. 500, 26. Geteáh his seax, Blickl. Homl. 215, 6. [O. L. Ger. sahs: O. Frs. sax: O. H. Ger. sahs cultrum, semispathium: Icel. sax a short sword.] v. blód-, ceorf-, hand-, hup-, lǽce-, nægel-, scear-, þeóh-, wæl-seax; and cf. sagu.
Seax- in proper names :-- Sigeferþ Seaxing, Seaxa Sledding (in a list of East Saxon kings), Txts. 179, 23. Cf. Icel. Járn-Saxa = iron-chopper, the name of an ogress in the Edda. Ðá féng tó Eást-Seaxna ríce Swíþhelm Seaxbaldes suna, Bd. 3, 22; S. 553, 42. Ðæs cyninges (Anna of East Anglia) dohter Sexburh, 3, 8; S. 531, 24: Chr. 639; Erl. 27, 6. Hér forþférde Cénwalh (of Wessex), and Seaxburg án geár rícsode his cuén æfter him, 672; Erl. 34, 34. Gesecg Seaxnéting (East Saxon), Txts. 179, 16. Cf. Saxnót in the formula of renunciation. v. Grmm. D. M. 184. Seaxréd (East Saxon), 179, 19. Seaxulf biscop (of Lichfield), Bd. 4, 6; S. 573, 40. Saxulf (Sæx-), Chr. 656; Erl. 30, 2, 10.
Seaxe, Seaxan; pl. The Saxons, (1) in connection with England:--Cómon hí of þrím folcum ðám strangestan Germanie, ðæt [is] of Seaxum and of Angle and of Geátum . . . Of Seaxum, ðæt is of ðam lande ðe mon háteþ Eald-Seaxan, cóman Eást-Seaxan (-Seaxa, -Sexa, Chron. 449) and Súþ-Seaxan (-Sexa, Chron.) and West-Seaxan (-Sexa, Chron.), Bd. 1, 15; S. 483, 20-24. Ðá wǽron Seaxan sécende intingan, S. 483, 36. On Germanie ðanon Engle and Seaxan cumene wǽron, 5, 9; S. 622, 14. Engle and Seaxe, Chr. 937; Erl. 115, 19: Menol. Fox 368; Men. 185. Sexna kyning, 459; Men. 231. Æt Seaxena handa forwurþan, Chr. 605; Erl. 21, 28. Englum and Sexum (Sæxum), 1065; Erl. 196, 30. Ðæt spell ðæt ic áwrát be Angelþeóde and Seaxum, Bd. pref.; S. 471, 10. (2) continental Saxons:--Ðý ilcan geáre gegadrode micel sciphere on Ald-Seaxum, and dǽr wearþ micel gefeoht . . . and ða Seaxan hæfdun sige, Chr. 885; Erl. 84, 8. Ic wæs mid Seaxum, Exon. Th. 322, 12; Víd. 62. [O. H. Ger. Sahsun: Icel. Saxar. For the connection of Seaxe(-an) with Seax, v. Grmm. Gesch. D. S. c. xxiii.] v. Eald- (Ald-), Eást-, Súþ-, West-Seaxe.
Seax-land, es; n. England :-- Com Gúðrum on eástdǽle Sexlandes, Shrn. 16, 4.
sécan, sécean; p. sóhte; pp. sóht To seek. I. (1) to try to find, to look for, make search for :-- Ic séce míne gebróðru fratres meos quaero, Gen. 37, 16. Hwæne sécst ðú? Jn. Skt. 20, 15. Se ðe sécþ, hé hyt fint, Mt. Kmbl. 7, 8. Hwæðer gé willen on wuda sécan gold ðæt reáde? . . . Hit witena nán ðider né séceþ (cf. gé hit ðǽr ne sécaþ, ne finde gé hit nó, Bt. 32, 3; Fox 118, 9), Met. 19, 8. Ðonne gé Drihten sécaþ, ðonne geméte gé hine, gif gé hine mid inweardre heortan séceaþ, Deut. 4, 29. Gé séceaþ (soecas, Lind.) ðone Hǽlynd, Mt. Kmbl. 28, 5. Hé áxode hine, hwæt hé sóhte, Gen. 37, 15. Ðín fæder and ic sárigende ðé sóhton, Lk. Skt. 2, 48. Hí sóhton hyne, Mt. Kmbl. 21, 46: Blickl. Homl. 241, 12. Mannes sunu com sécean (tó soecanne, Lind.) and hál dón ðæt forwearð, Lk. Skt. 19, 10. Sécende God requirens Deum, Ps. Spl. 13, 3. (2) to try to get (the source from which a thing is sought marked by tó):--Ic monnes feorh tó slagan séce (MS. seðe) I will require man's life of the slayer, Cd. Th. 92, 7; Gen. 1525. Ic tó Drihtne séce ðæt ic gód æt him begitan móte quaesivi bona tibi, Ps. Th. 121, 9. Gif ðú ðé tó swá mildum mundbyrd sécest, Exon. Th. 252, 29; Jul. 170. Heó úrne fultum séhþ, Homl. Th. ii. 112, 18. Gumena gehwylcum ðara ðe geóce tó him séceþ, Andr. Kmbl. 2307; An. 1155. Ðǽr is help gearu manna gehwylcum ðam ðe séceþ tó him, 1818; An. 911. Gé hí sécaþ tó fremdum gesceaftum, Bt. 14, 2; Fox 44, 17, 29. Súþ-Seaxna mǽgþ him biscopþéninge séceaþ tó West-Seaxna biscope, Bd. 5, 23; S. 646, 24. Ðæt se án ne ætburste ðe hé sóhte, Homl. Th. i. 82, 13. Hwílum man ceás ða men ðe noldan swician . . . and syððan hit man sóhte be ðám ðe nearwlícast cúðan swician at one time the men were chosen that would not deceive . . . and since they have been looked for among those that could most oppressively deceive, L. I. P. 12; Th. ii. 320, 24. Ús is nédþearf ðæt wé sécan ðone lǽcedóm úre sáuwle, Blickl. Homl. 97, 31. Biddon wé Drihten ðæs leóhtes ðe nǽfre ne geendaþ . . . ðæt leóht wé sceolan sécan, ðæt wé mótan habban mid englum gemǽne, 21, 14. Bearn Godes brýda ongunnon on Caines cynne sécan, Cd. Th. 75, 33; Gen. 1249. Woldon tó dúnscræfum drohtoþ sécan, Andr. Kmbl. 3077; An. 1541. Uton sibbe tó him sécan, Exon. Th. 365, 11; Wal. 87. Seócan, Ps. C. 109. Hwæt elles is tó sécanne wið ðam hungre nymbe andlyfen, Bd. 1, 27; S. 494, 16. Hé gǽþ sécende reste, Mt. Kmbl. 12, 43. Sió ǽ sceal beón sóht on ðæs sacerdes múþe, Past. 15; Swt. 91, 17. (3) to try to attain an end, strive to effect a purpose, aim at, strive after, make something the object of endeavour :-- Ic ne séce mínne willan ac ðæs ðe mé sende, Jn. Skt. 5, 30: 8, 50. Hwæt sécst ðú? 4, 27. León hwelpas sécaþ, ðæt him ǽt God gedéme, Ps. Th. 103, 20. Gif hé ðone dóm ofer hine sóhte if the other tried to get judgment upon him, L. Alf. 49; Th. i. 56, 33. Ðá hálgan ðe on ðyssum lífe náht ne sóhton ne ne gyrndon tó hæbbene, Blickl. Homl. 53, 25. Hí sóhton hine him tó hláforde and tó mundboran they tried to get him to be their lord and protector, Chr. 921; Erl. 107, 29: 922; Erl. 108, 20, 28. Gif ðæt riht tó hefig sý, séce siþþan ða líhtinge tó ðam cynge, L. Edg. ii. 2; Th. i. 266, 11. (4) to try to find out by investigation or examination:--Hwylc séceþ ðæt ðe sóðfæst byþ veritatem quis requiret? Ps. Th. 60, 6. Sóhte synnum fáh, hú hé sárlícast meahte feorhcwale findan . . . Feónd hine gelǽrde, Exon. Th. 276, 24; Jul. 571. Georne smeádon, sóhton searoþancum, hwæt sió syn wǽre, Elen. Kmbl. 827; El. 414. Ongan on sefan sécean sóðfæstnesse weg tó wuldre, 2295; El. 1149. Ic ðíne gewitnesse wylle sécan testimonia tua exquisivi, Ps. Th. 118, 22. Lǽcedóm sǽcan medicamentum explorare, Bd. 1, 27; S. 494, 18. Hwílum beóþ ða wǽtan on ðære wambe filmenum, ðonne sceal mon ðæt wíslíce sécean, Lchdm. ii. 222, 24. (5) to try to learn by asking, to ask :-- Ða mé cunnon andsware cýðan tácna gehwylces ðe ic him tó séce, Elen. Kmbl. 638; El. 319. Ðá cwæð Maria tó ðæm engle: Hwæt is ðín nama? Ðá cwæð se engel tó hire: Hwæt sécestú mínne naman? Blickl. Homl. 137, 29. Hé ðá Drihtnes willan sóhte he tried to learn what was the will of the Lord, 225, 30. Wíslíce gé dyde, ðætte mannum bedígled wæs on eorþan, ðæt gé ðæt on heofenas tó Gode sóhtan, 201, 2. Tó sécenne, 205, 27. Ic wát ðæt hió wile sécan (ask. Cf. Ðá seó cwén ongan fricggan, 1116; El. 560) be ðam sigebeáme, Elen. Kmbl. 840; El. 420. II. to go or come to :-- Oft sécende frequentantem, Wrt. Voc. ii. 34, 18. (1) to seek a person, to visit (cf. Ger. be-suchen):--Ðǽr beóþ gegearwoda Godes mildheortnessa ðǽm mannum ðe ða líchoman séceaþ þurh heora gebedo, Blickl. Homl. 193, 21. Ða ðe æfter deáþe Dryhten sécaþ, Andr. Kmbl. 1200; An. 600. Ðá hé ðone cyningc sóhte when he visited the king, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 18, 10. Sárge gé ne sóhton ye did not visit the afflicted, Exon. Th. 92, 19; Cri. 1511. Hig ðæs wyrðe wǽron ðæt Godes englas hig sóhton, L. E. I. 25; Th. ii. 422, 15. Séc nú ðínne þeów, Blickl. Homl. 87, 31. Hider ic wille ðæt wé sécan Sc̃e Petre, Chr. 656; Erl. 31, 32. Satan ic sécan wille, Cd. Th. 47, 15; Gen. 761. Gewít ðú ðínne eft waldend sécan go back again to your master, 138, 17; Gen. 2293: Andr. Kmbl. 1886; An. 945. (1 a) to seek a person for protection, to take refuge with a person. v. sócn, VI. 2:--Gif hwilc þeóf oððe reáfere gesóhte ðone cing . . . hé hæbbe nigon nihta fyrst. And gif hé ealderman oððe abbud oððe þegen séce, hæbbe þreora nihta fyrst, L. Ath. iv. 4; Th. i. 222, 28. (2) to seek a place, to visit, resort to :-- Hé (the phenix) sunbeorht gesetu séceþ, Exon. Th. 217, 11; Ph. 278. Ða men ðe ðyder cóman and ða hálgan stówe sóhton, Blickl. Homl. 125, 28: 201, 11. Hí syððan gewunelíce ðider sóhton they afterwards resorted thither, Homl. Th. i. 504, 6. Séce man hundredgemót, L. Edg. ii. 5; Th. i. 268, 2. Ðæt ðeós onlícnes eorþan séce fall to earth, Andr. Kmbl. 1462; An. 731. Ðeáh heorot holtwudu séce, Beo. Th. 2743; B. 1369. Ðæt hí secggan ðæm folce ðæt hí sunnandagum Godes cyrican georne sécan, Blickl. Homl. 47, 28: L. C. E. 2; Th. i. 358, 14. Gif hié ǽnigne feld sécan wolden if they should attempt to come into the open country, Chr. 894; Erl. 90, 11. Gewitan him Norþmen Difelin sécan, 937; Erl. 115, 4. Ðonne sculon hié ðás helle sécan, Cd. Th. 26, 14; Gen. 406: 136, 30; Gen. 2266. Óðerne éðel sécan, Blickl. Homl. 23, 6. Mere sécan to go to sea, Exon. Th. 474, 5; Bo. 25. (3) to seek immaterial things, to go to war, resort to artifice, etc.:--Ic ne sóhte searoníþas, ne ne swór fela áþa on unriht, Beo. Th. 5469; B. 2738. Se wuldres dǽl sigorleán sóhte the soul has gone to its reward, Exon. Th. 184, 14; Gú. 1344. Se rinc sóhte óðer líf, Cd. Th. 98, 9; Gen. 1627. Hí clǽnsunge bæþes sóhton, Bd. 1, 27; S. 495, 16. Hié noldan leng heora hláforda ne heora wera ræstgemánan sécean, Blickl. Homl. 173, 16. Ðá ðú gehogodest sæcce sécean, Beo. Th. 3982; B. 1989: 5117; B. 2562. Fǽhþe sécan, 5020; B. 2513. III. to seek with hostile intent (as in to seek a person's life), to try to get at, to go to attack :-- Mé fyrenfulle fǽcne séceaþ, wyllaþ mé lífes ásécean me expectaverunt peccatores, ut perderent me, Ps. Th. 118, 95. Him (hié, hí other MSS.) mon mid óðrum floccum sóhte, Chr. 894; Erl. 90, 14. Hié micle fierd gegadrodon and ðone here sóhton æt Eoforwícceastre, 867; Erl. 72, 13. Ða ðe míne fýnd wǽron, and míne sáwle sóhton mid níðe, Ps. Th. 69, 2: 85, 13: Mt. Kmbl. 2, 20. Hié alle from him ondrédon, ðæt hí hié mid gefeohte sóhte, Ors. 1, 10; Swt. 48, 17. Sécan míne fýnd míne sáwle persequatur inimicus animam méam, Ps. Th. 7, 5. Ðá hié gewin drugon, and on healfa gehwone heáwan þohton, sáwle sécan, Beo. Th. 1606; B. 801. Sécean sáwle hord, sundur gedǽlan líf wið líce, 4835; B. 2422. [Goth. sókjan: O. Frs. séka: O. Sax. sókian: O. L. Ger. suocan: O. H. Ger. suohhan quaerere, petere, exquirere, arcessire, appetere, invisere: Icel. sœkja to seek, fetch; to visit, frequent; to prosecute (a suit); to attack.] v. á-, for-, ge-, geond-, ofer-, on-, under-sécan.
secg, es; m. n. Sedge; carex, gladiolum, lisca:--Ðis secg (segc) haec carex, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 61; Zup. 69, 16. Segg, secg, saecg gladiolum, Txts. 66, 463. Sech carex, 50, 251. Seic, 115, 151. Secg, Wrt. Voc. ii. 13, 28. Segc, i. 79, 65. Segg, 67, 3. Secg gladiolum, ii. 40, 70. Segc, 70, 29. Secgg, i. 67, 55. Secg lisca, ii. 53, 45: carex vel sabium vel lisca) i. 31, 28. Endlefan snǽda reádes secges, Lchdm, ii. 102, 17. Handfulle secges, 356, 1. Wyl neoþoweardne secg, 52, 16: 66, 5. [Eolug-secg papyrus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 67, 58. Ilug-segg, Txts. 86, 781. See also eolhx, hamer-, mór-secgr Grein cites risc-seccas carices.] Cf. secg a sword.
secg, es; m. A man (used only in poetry) :--Secg oððe meówle man or maid, Exon. Th. 387, 15; Rä. 5, 5. Nis ǽnig eorl under lyfte, secg searoþoncol, 14, 16; Cri. 220. Se beorn, séfteádig secg, 309, 12; Seef. 56. Secg, lagucræftig mon, Beo. Th. 422; B. 208. Swylc sceolde secg wesan, þegen æt þearfe, 5410; B. 2708. Beówulf, sigoreádig secg, 2626; B. 1311. Ðǽr læg secg mænig, guma norþerna, Chr. 937; Erl. 112, 17. Secgas and gesíþas fóron tó gefeohte, Judth. Thw. 24, 22; Jud. 201. Seccas, Cd. Th. 124, 23; Gen. 2067. Wǽron æscwýgan, secggas ymb sigecwén síðes gefýsde. Elen. Kmbl. 519; El. 260. Rómware, secgas sigerófe, 93; El. 47. Ðá ic sǽbát gesæt mid mínra secga gedriht, Beo. Th. 1271; B. 633. [Laym. seg, sæg; pl. segges : Piers P. segge : O. Sax. segg : Icel. seggr (poet.).] v. ambyht-, ǽrend-, selesecg.
secg, es; m. The sea :--Salum seeg (secg ?) vel mare, Txts. 95, 1786. Segg, seg salum, 98, 966. Segc, Wrt. Voc. i. 289, 37. v. gár-secg.
secg, e; f. A sword :-- Wit sculon secge ofersettan, gif hé gesécean dear wíg ofer wǽpen, Beo. Th. 1372; B. 684. Secgum ofslegene, Cd. Th. 120, 27; Gen. 2001. [Cf. Icel. ben-sægr as a name for the sword.] Cf. secg sedge, and sagu; and see secg-hwæt, -plega.
secga, an; m. One who says or tells, an informant :-- Ne ic nán sóðre wát, búte swá mín secga mé sǽde, L. O. 4; Th. i. 180, 12. [Þer weore segge (or from seg a man (?). The other MS. has gleomenne) songe, Laym. 5109. Cf. O. Sax. O. H. Ger. sago : O. Frs. sega, in compounds.]
secgan, secgean, secggan, secggean, sæcgan; p. sægde, sǽde; pp. sægd, sǽd. [Forms as from an infin. sagian--sagast, sagaþ; p. sagode; imp. saga, are given here.] To say (of written or spoken words). I. to say certain words, the words used being given :--Hé segþ : Gé ne mágon cuman ðyder ic fare, Jn. Skt. 8, 22. Gif hwá segþ, corban, Mk. Skt. 7, 11. Sege folce : Ðis sind ða dagas, Lev. 23, 2. Secgaþ ðæs húses hláforde : Úre láreów secgþ : Hwár is mín gysthús, Mk. Skt. 14, 14. Hwæðer is éðre tó secgenne tó ðam laman: 'Ðé synd ðíne synna forgyfene,' hwæðer ðe cweðan : 'Árís, nim ðín bed, and gá, Mk. Skt. 2, 9. Wé gehýrdon hine secgan : Ic tówurpe ðis tempel, 14, 58. I a. of words, to mean :--Cantica canticorum, ðæt segþ on Englisc ealra sanga fyrmest, Ælfc. T. Grn. 7, 42. II. with acc. (1) where the object denotes a collection of words, a story, poem, regulation, etc., to tell a tale, recite a poem, pronounce, deliver :-- Ic bí mé secge ðis sárspell, Exon. Th. 458, 6; Hy. 4, 96. Ðonne ic ðé ǽfenlác secge, Ps. Th. 140, 3. Ðás word ðe ðú mé sagast, Exon. Th. 247, 26; Jul. 84. Ðú worn fela ymb Brecan sprǽce, sægdest from his síðe, Beo. Th. 1068; B. 532. Ðá sǽde hé him sum bigspel, Lk. Skt. 12, 16. Se magorǽswa mǽgþe sínre dómas sægde (cf. O. Sax. éo-sago : O. Frs. á-sega : Icel. segja lög; lögsögu-maðr), Cd. Th. 98, 4; Gen. 1625, Éce rǽdas Moyses sægde, 210, 17; Exod. 516. Sægde eorlum Abimeleh waldendes word, 161, 19; Gen. 2667. Wordum sægde Lameh unárlíc spel, 66, 27; Gen. 1090. Wé lofsonga word sǽdon, 274, 18; Sat. 156. Ábeód eft ongeán, sege ðínum leódum miccle láþre spell, Byrht. Th. 133, 14; By. 50. Náne gewitnesse æfter him ne saga ðú, L. Alf. 40; Th. i. 54, 5. His naman secgeaþ mid sealmum. Ps. Th. 65, 1. Secgan spell, Bt. 13; Fox 36, 31 : 30, 1; Fox 106, 30. Andsware secgan to return answer, Elen. Kmbl. 752; El. 376 : 1131; El. 567. Sang secgan to sing a song, Cd. Th. 279, 10; Sat. 235. Naman sæcgean, Ps. Th. 141, 8. Ðonne wé gehýron Godes béc reccean and rǽdan, and godspell seccgean, Blickl. Homl. 111, 17. Hié forgytaþ ðæt hié hwéne ǽr gehýrdon reccean and secggan, 55, 28. Hwæt sceal ic má secgean fram Sancte Iohanne ? 169, 24. Ðæt him ǽr of ðæs l;áreówes múþe wæs bodad and sægd, 55, 31 : 69, 19. Byþ sægd nama Drihtnes ut annuntient nomen Domini, Ps. Th. 101, 19. ¶ where the object is included in a genitive :--Ðæs ðú mé wylle wordum secgean from what you tell me. Cd. Th. 162, 2; Gen. 2675. (1 a) where the written form of a word is referred to :--Ic mæg þurh rúnstafas secgan naman ðara wihta, Exon. Th. 429, 18; Rä. 43, 6. (2) where the object denotes that which is spoken about, to speak of, tell, relate, narrate, declare, announce, give an account of something :--Ic ðé orlæg secge I will tell thee thy fate, Cd. Th. 262, 19; Dan. 746. Ic Gode líf mín secge vitam meam nuntiavi tibi, Ps. Th. 55, 7. Ic míne earfeþu sæcge tribulationem meam pronuntio, 141, 2 : 54, 17. Ðú sagast lífceare, Cd. Th. 54, 17; Gen. 878. Ðis gewrit oððe hit gód sagaþ be gódum mannum, oððe hit yfel sagaþ be yfelum mannum sive historia de bonis bona referat . . . seu mala commemoret de pravis, Bd. pref.; S. 471, 14. Mín múþ sægeþ (pronuntiabit) ðíne mægenspéde, Ps. Th. 70, 14. Hí secgeaþ (narrabunt) eall ðín wundur, 144, 5. Gé scyldigra synne secgaþ, Exon. Th. 132, 23; Gú. 477. Néh ðæm clife ðe ic ǽr sǽde that I spoke of before, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 12, 30. Heó sǽde him eall ðæt riht, Mk. Skt. 5, 33. Hǽlend his þegnum sǽde his þrowunga, Blickl. Homl. 15, 33. Sagode refert, Germ. 396, 10. Hé síðfæt sægde, Cd. Th. 256, 31; Dan. 649. Hit forhæfed gewearð, ðætte hié sǽdon swefn cyninges, 225, 2; Dan. 148. Bodan þurh hleóþorcwide hyrdum cýðdon, sægdon sóðne gefeán, Exon. Th. 28, 23; Cri. 451. Ic ðé háte, ðæt ðú ðás gesyhþe secge mannum, Rood Kmbl. 190; Kr. 96. Ne wé wítegan habbaþ, ðæt ús andgytes má secgen, Ps. Th. 73, 9. Hí ðíne mihte sæcgeon potentiam tuam pronuntiabunt, 144, 4. Ic ðé secgan wille or and ende. Andr. Kmbl. 1296; An. 648. Hé secgan ongan swefnes wóman, Cd. Th. 249, 32; Dan. 539. Ðæt ðú hellwarum hyht ne ábeóde, ah ðú him secgan miht sorga mǽste, 308, 21; Sat. 696. Nó ic wiht fram ðé swylcra searuníþa secgan hýrde, billa brógan, Beo. Th. 1169; B. 582. Ðara árfæstra dǽda sume gehýran sæcgan, Blickl. Homl. 213, 26. Wé gehýraþ oft secggan worldrícra manna deáþ, 107, 29. Ne his snytru mæg secgean ǽnig, Ps. Th. 146, 5. HÍ sculon his weorc sæcgean annuntient opera ejus, 106, 21, (3) to express in words feelings of gratitude, admiration, etc., to give thanks, glory, etc., to a person (cf. Ger. Dank sagen) :--Ic ðara frætwa þanc wuldurcyninge wordum secge, Beo. Th. 5583; B. 2795. Wé ðé wuldur sæcgeaþ, Ps. Th. 78, 14. Hé sægde him ðæs leánes þanc, Beo. Th. 3623; B. 1809. Secggan wé him þanc ealra his miltsa, Blickl. Homl. 103, 25. Þancas secggan, 115, 22. Ðæm Scyppende lof and wuldor secgean ðara ára, 123, 4. Lof secgan Dryhtne, Andr. Kmbl. 2011; An. 1008 : Exon. Th. 138, 34; Gú. 586. Ðæs wé ealles sculon secgan þonc and lof, 38, 25; Cri. 612. Hé for his hǽlo Drihtne þanc secgende wæs pro sua sanitate Domino gratias referens, Bd. 4, 31; S. 610, 38. (4) where the object is a pronoun referring to a clause :-- 'Eart ðú Iudéa cining ?' Ðá andswarude hé : 'Ðú hit segst,' Lk. Skt. 23, 3. Saga mé ðæt, for hwon sécest ðú sceade, Cd. Th. 54, 6; Gen. 873. Gif ðú wille mildheortnesse ús dón, sæge ús ðæt hrædlíce, Blickl. Homl. 233, 19. Dryhten micellíce dyde; seggaþ ðis in alre eorþan, Ps. Surt. ii. p. 184, 15. Ic ðæt londbúend secgan hýrde, ðæt hié gesáwon . . ., Beo. Th. 2697; B. 1346. Ðæt (all that had been seen and heard) mancynne bodian and secgan, Blickl. Homl. 121, 4. Is ðæt sægd, ðæt . . ., Bd. 3, 2; S. 524, 16. (5) where the verb is of incomplete predication, to declare a person or thing so and so :--Ic secge hine máran ðonne ǽnigne wítgan, Blickl. Homl. 165, 3. Se hæfde mægen ofer ealle gesceafta ðe hé tówearde sægde, 9, 16. Óðer him ðás eorþan ealle sægde lǽne, Exon. Th. 109, 15; Gú. 90. Hí ðone clǽnan sacerd sægdon tóweard, 9, 20; Cri. 137. Ða hálgan hine tóweardne sægdon, Blickl. Homl. 81, 31. Hié hine scyldigne sægdon, 173, 33. Hié sægdon hine sundorwísne, Elen. Kmbl. 1172; El. 588. III. with gen. :--Swá se secghwata secggende wæs láðra spella, Beo. Th. 6049; B. 3028. IV. where the object is a clause, to say, tell :-- Ic secge ðé, ðæt ðú eart Petrus, Mt. Kmbl. 16, 18. Nú segþ ús seó bóc, ðæt God áfédde ðone here, Ælfc. T. Grn. 5, 32. Seó bóc segþ, hú hé férde, 6, 5. Heó mé sagaþ, ðæt . . ., Exon. Th. 246, 30; Jul. 69. Swá Arculfus sagaþ, ðæt hé gesáwe . . ., Shrn. 95, 31. Ðæs is tó tácne, sæcgeaþ men, ðæt oft .XL. manna . . . ðæt hí hí be handum nóman and of sǽs ófre út feóllan, Bd. 4, 13; S. 582, 30. Ic wordum sægde, ðæt Sarra mín sweostor wǽre, Cd. Th. 163, 25; Gen. 2703. Sæge Adame, hwilce ðú gesihþe hæfst, 38, 35; Gen. 617. Saga mé, hwylces cynnes ðú sí, Bd. 1, 7; S. 477, 26. Secgaþ mé, hwæt git gesáwon. Gen. 40, 8. Secgge Petrus, hwæt ic þence, Blickl. Homl. 181, 8. Ic eów bidde, ðæt gé mé secgan, hwylce gemete gé cóman ealle samod tó mé, 143, 20. Ðæt hí secggan, ðæt . . . 47, 26. Secgan, hú him æt ǽte speów, Beo. Th. 6044; B. 3026 : Exon. Th. 437, 31; Rä. 56, 16. Be songe secgan, hwǽr ic sélast wisse goldhrodene cwén, 324, 26; Víd. 100. Seggan, ðæt ic gesǽlig mon wǽre, Bt. 2; Fox 4, 13. Secgian hwæðer wǽre twegra strengra, Salm. Kmbl. 851. Micel is tó secgan, ðæt hé ádreág, Exon. Th. 134, 4; Gú. 502. Long is tó secganne, hú . . ., 421, 23; Rä. 40, 22 : Andr. Kmbl. 2961; An. 1483. Swá hit is nú hræðost tó secganne be eallum ðǽm woruldgesǽlþum . . . ðæt ðǽr nán wuht on nis ðæs tó wilnianne seó postremo idem de tota concludere fortuna licet, in qua nihil expetendum, Bt. 16, 3; Fox 56, 29. Ðæt is nú hraðost tó secganne, ðæt ic wilnode weorþfullíce tó libbanne ða hwíle ðe ic lifede, 17; Fox 60, 14. Sægd is, ðæt . . ., Blickl. Homl. 61, 16. Se wæs sǽd ðæt his bróðor wǽre Oswíes sunu qui frater ejus et filius Oswiu esse dicebatur, Bd. 4, 26; S. 603, 7. V. where the verb is used impersonally (cf. Icel. segir it is told) :--Hit segþ on bócum, ðæt . . ., Wulfst. 146, 16. Swá hit hýrefter segeþ, L. Wih. pref.; Th. i. 36, 13. Hí écton ða ǽ ðyssum dómum ðe hýrefter sægeþ, L. H. E. pref.; Th. i. 26, 7. Hér segþ, hú se æþela wæs sprecende, Blickl. Homl. 55, 3. Gehýraþ hwæt hér segþ on ðissum bócum be Sancta Marian, 137, 20. Segeþ ðǽron, ðæt sum ríce man wǽre on ðære burh, 197, 27. Sægþ on ðissum bócum, ðæt . . ., 41, 3. Hér sægþ be ðisse tíde árwyrþnesse, hú Drihten hine selfne geeaþmédde, 65, 29. [Hér] sagaþ, ðæt Idpartus ðam cásere hǽlo bodade, Lchdm. i. 326, 1. VI. where the verb is used absolutely (secgan be, fram, ymbe to speak of) :--Swá swá ic nú æt feáwum wordum secge, Bd. 3, 17; S. 545, 14. Swá swá seó bóc sagaþ, 3, 19; S. 547, 32. Swá wé eft secgeaþ, 3, 21; S. 551, 31. Tó ðǽm gesǽlþum, ðe wé secgaþ ymb, Met. 21, 4. Swá ic ǽr sǽde, Chr. 894; Erl. 92, 6. Mé lyste bet, ðæt ðú mé sǽdest sume hwíle ymbe ðæt, Bt. 34, 6; Fox 142, 12. Gehéraþ hú Lucas sægde be ðisse tíde, Blickl. Homl. 15, 4. Heáhfæderas sægdon and cýðdon, sealmsceopas sungon and sægdon, 105, 9-10. 'Ic hæbbe ðé tó secgenne sum þing.' Ðá cwæð hé : 'Láreów sege ðænne,' Lk. Skt. 7, 40. Saga mé from ðam lande, Salm. Kmbl. 418; Sal. 209. Ðú ðone mángengan mé helan woldest, swýðor ðonne mínum þegnum secgean, Bd. 1, 7; S. 477, 20. Hwylcumhwego wordum secgan be ðære árwyrþnesse ðisse hálgan tíde. Blickl. Homl. 115, 29. Secggean, 211, 12. Wé nú gehýrdon of hwylcumhugu dæ-acute;le secggan be ðæ-acute;m eádmódnessum, 103, 18. VII. secgan on (with acc., dat.) to ascribe to a person, lay to the charge of, accuse of, attribute to :-- Ne mæg se scrift geseón on ðære sáwle, hwæðer him mon sóð ðe lyge sagaþ on hine sylfne, Exon. Th. 80, 16; Cri. 1308. Ðæs hé sceal fægnian, ðæt hí him sóð on secggaþ, Bt. 30, 1; Fox 108, 10. Ne andwyrtst ðú nán þing ongén ða ðe ðiss ðé on secgeaþ nihil respondes ad ea, quae isti adversum te testificantur ? Mt. Kmbl. 26, 62. Hí wróhta and yfel on sægdon, Bd. 3, 19; S. 548, 35. Wæs kýðed ðæt his wrégend leáse wið hine syredon and on sægdon probatum est accusatores ejus falsas contra eum machinasse calumnias, 5, 19; S. 640, 14. Gif æ-acute;nig mann óðerne wrége and him hwilcne gilt on secge si steterit testis mendax contra hominem, accusans eum praevarica-tionis, Deut. 19, 16. Gif ðé mon sóð on secge. Prov. Kmbl. 70. Gif man secge on landesmann, ðæt hé orf stæ-acute;le, L. Eth. ii. 7; Th. i. 288, 7. Ðæm gielpnan biþ leófre ðæt hé secge on hine selfne gif hé hwæt gódes wát ge þeáh hé nyte hwæt hé sóðes secge him is leófre ðæt hé leóge eligit arrogans bona de se vel falsa jactari, Past. 33, 2; Swt. 217, 14. Hwæt gódes mágan wé secgan on ða flæ-acute;sclícan unþeáwas quid de corporis voluptatibus loquar ? Bt. 31, 1; Fox 110, 24. Geunsóðian ðæt him man on secgan wolde to disprove what a man would charge him with, L. Edg. ii. 4; Th. i. 266, 4. Ne mót nán mann secgan on hine sylfne ðæs ðe hé wyrcende næs, Homl. Skt. i. 12, 177. Ic nelle secgan unsóð on mé sylfe, 195. [O. Frs. sega, sedsa : O. Sax. seggian : O. H. Ger. sagén : Icel. segja, seggja.] v. á-, be-, for-, ge-, on-, sóþ-secgan.
secge, an; f. Speaking, speech :-- Mé náwðer deág secge ne swíge neither speech nor silence will avail me, Exon. Th. 12, 23; Cri. 190. Cf. secga.
secgend, es; m. A speaker, relater, narrator :-- Nǽnig tweógende secgend mé ðis sǽde non quilibet dubius relator hoc mihi narravit, Bd. 3, 15; S. 542, 7. Sió leásung simle deret ðǽm secggendum. Past. 35, 1; Swt. 237, 10. [Icel. segendr, seggendr; pl. sayers, reporters.]
secg-gescére (?) sedge-shears (?), a name of the grasshopper :--Secg-gescére vel háman cicad[ae], Txts. 51, 464. v. sceár.
secg-hwæt; adj. Vigorous or bold in using the sword :-- Se secghwata, Beo. Th. 6048; B. 3028.
secgihtig; adj. Sedgy, full of sedge or reeds :-- Secgihtig vel hreódihtig carecta, loca caricis plena, spinacurium, Wrt. Voc. ii. 129, 14.
secg-leác, es; n. Chive garlic, rush garlic, rush leek (v. E. D. S. Pub. Plant Names); allium schoenoprasum, Lchdm. ii. 128, 11 : iii. 28, 11.
secg-plega, an; m. Sword-play, battle :-- Æt ðam secgplegan, Andr. Kmbl. 2705; An. 1355. Cf. sweord-plega.
secg-róf a host of men (?) :--Cwóman wóldagas swylt eall fornom secgróf wera death carried off the host of men, Exon. Th. 477, 20; Ruin. 27. [Cf. O. H. Ger. ruaba; f. numerus : Icel. segg-fjöld a host of men; and rinc-getæl, folc-getæl.]
secg-sceára, -scára (-scara ?), an; m. A corn-crake or a quail :-- Secg-scára ortigometra (cf. erschen ortigomera, ii. 63, 53 : edischen, 115, 67), Wrt. Voc. i. 63, 21. v. E. D. S. Pub. Names of Birds, p. 177, where bean crake, grass drake, meadow drake, gorse duck are given as names of the corn-crake. [Cf. (?) Icel. skári a sea-mew.]
sécness, e; f. Seeking, visiting, visitation :-- Tíde soecnisse (sócnises, Lind.) tempus visitationis, Lk. Skt. Rush. 19, 44.
sédan to satisfy [:--Ásoedan satiare, Wrt. Voc. ii. 119, 68. Gesédeþ (-sedeþ ? v. next word : but cf. Goth. ga-sóþjan) satiavit, Ps. Th. 106, 4.]
seddan to satisfy. v. un-ásedd; sadian.
séde, sédege to sow, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 13, 3. v. sǽdian.
seding-líne, sedl. v. steding-líne, setl.
Sedlingas (?) Ethiopians :-- Sedlingum (Rédlingum ?) Aethiopia, Ps. Spl. T. 67, 34.
see, seeg. v. seón, secg the sea.
sefa, an; m. Understanding, mind, heart :-- Sefa sensus (cf. gewit sensus, 42, 35), Wrt. Voc. i. 64, 17 : 282, 27. Sefa nearwode (of Noah when drunk), Cd. Th. 94, 32; Gen. 1570. Him (Nebuchadnezzar on recovery from his madness) in gást becwom rǽdfæst sefa, 257, 2; Dan. 652. Næs him hreó sefa, Beo. Th. 4367; B. 2180. Gif ðín hige wǽre, sefa swá searogrim, swá ðú self talast, 1192; B. 594. Him wæs leóht sefa, hyge untyddre, Andr. Kmbl. 2504; An. 1253 : Exon. Th. 164, 33; Gú. 1021. Geómor sefa, mód morgenseóc, 458, 3; Hy. 4, 94 : Beo. Th. 98; B. 49. Leóht sefa, ferhþ gefeónde, Elen. Kmbl. 346; El. 173. Weá biþ in móde, siofa synnum fáh, Frag. Kmbl. 28; Leás. 16. Módcræfte séc þurh sefan snyttro, Exon. Th. 28, 5; Cri. 442. Sécan sefan gehygdum, Cd. Th. 219, 4; Dan. 49. Sefan sídne geþanc, 249, 26; Dan. 536. Sefan (seofan, MS. A.) snytro, Salm. Kmbl. 133; Sal. 66. On sefan (ondgete, Ps. Surt. 77, 72) in sensu, Blickl. Gl. Hié ðam Hálgan Gáste onféngon on heora sefan, Blickl. Homl. 137, 6. On wérigum sefan, Exon. Th. 74, 18; Cri. 1208. On mildum sefan, 83, 6; Cri. 1352. On sídum sefan, 169, 17; Gú. 1096. On sárgum sefan, 183, 20; Gú. 1330. Tó ontýnenne míne sefan, Nar. 40, 30. Ic heom ábleonde hera sefan, 45, 7. Þurh rúmne sefan rǽd gelǽran, Beo. Th. 561; B. 278. Begém úrum sefum intende nostris sensibus, Hymn. Surt. 22, 3. Úrum sefum leóht gearce nostris sensibus lumen prebe, 53, 22. v. breóst-, ferhþ- (firhþ-, fyrhþ-), mód-, wís-sefa.
séferlice, séfian, séfre. v. sýferlíce, seófian, sýfre.
séfte; adj. Soft :--Delicatus, i. tenerus, querulus, amoenus unbrocheard vel séfta, Wrt. Voc. ii. 139, 40. I. of persons, gentle, mild, not stern :-- Drihten is swýðe séfte suavis est Dominus, Ps. Th. 33, 8. Weorð úrum synnum séfte and milde propitius esto peccatis nostris, 78, 9. II. of medicine, mild, not strong :-- Ðæt is, for hwí se góda lǽce selle ðam hálum men séftne drenc and swétne, and óðrum hálum biterne and strangne, Bt. 39, 9; Fox 226, 11. III. of rest, sleep, undisturbed, untroubled :-- Ðú eart seó séfte ræst sóðfæstra, Bt. 33, 4; Fox 132, 34. IV. easy, comfortable, pleasant, without pain or discomfort :-- Rád byþ on recyde rinca gehwylcum séfte, Runic pm. Kmbl. 340, 13; Rún. 5. Dóþ síðfæt séftne and rihtne, Ps. Th. 67, 4. Ful séfte seld, ðæt hí sǽton on, 88, 3. Hé his líchoman forwyrnde séftra setla and symbeldaga, Exon. Th. 111, 33; Gú. 136. Sélre mé wæs and séftre, Ps. Th. 118, 71. Ðone deáþ hé him gedéþ séftran ðonne óðrum monnum, Bt. 39, 10; Fox 228, 10. IVa. in a bad sense, luxurious, voluptuous, effeminate :-- Ðý ne sceolde nán wís man wilnian séftes lífes gif hé ǽnigra cræfta récþ neque enim vos in provectu positi virtutis, diffluere deliciis, et emarcescere voluptate venistis, Bt. 40, 3; Fox 238, 13. [O. H. Ger. semfti.] v. ge-séfte; sófte.
séft-eádig (?); adj. In easy circumstances, free from hardships :-- Se beorn ne wát, eft eádig (séfteádig, Grein) secg, hwæt ða sume dreógaþ, ðe ða wræclástas wídost lecgaþ, Exon. Th. 309, 12; Seef. 56.
séftness, e; f. Quiet, repose, freedom from disturbance :-- Hié woldon hiera dagas on séftnesse geendian ut in privato otio consenescerent, Ors. 6, 30; Swt. 280, 22. Hí gewurdon on ðære séftnysse (of the seven sleepers), Homl. Skt. i. 23, 261.
segc, segel, -segel a seal, segen a saying, segen a sign, segl sun. v. secg, segl, in-segel, sægen, segn, sigel.
segl, swegel, segel, es; m. n. I. a sail :-- Segl artemon, Wrt. Voc. ii. 7, 24. Segl velum, se mǽsta segl acateon, se medemesta segl epidromas, se lesta segl dalum, i. 56, 48-53. Segel velum, lytel segel dalum, 48, 22, 23. Ðes segl hic carbasus, ðás seglu haec carbasa, Ælfc. Gr. 13; Zup. 86, 3. Ðá wæs be mæste merehrægla sum, segl sále fæst, Beo. Th. 3816; B. 1906. Ðæt scip wæs ealne weg yrnende under segle, Ors. 1. 1; Swt. 19, 34. Nefne hé under segle yrne, Exon. Th. 345, 11; Gn. Ex. 186 : Andr. Kmbl. 1009; An. 505. Be ðæs scipes segele, Bt. tit. 7; Fox x. 16. Gif ðú ðínes scipes segl ongeán ðone wind tóbrǽdst, ðú lǽtst eal eówer færeld tó ðæs windes dóme, 7, 2; Fox 18, 32. Fealdan ðæt segl to furl the sail, 41, 3; Fox 250, 15. Eówre seglas sendon geseted your sails are set, Shrn. 60, 11. Seglu vela, Wrt. Voc. i. 63, 54. Ia. used metaphorically of the fiery and cloudy pillars :--Swegl síðe weóld the pillar governed their journey, Cd. Th. 184, 10; Exod. 105. Hæfde God sunnan síðfæt swegle ofertolden, swá ða mæstrápas men ne cúðon, ne ða seglróde geseón meahton, 182, 26; Exod. 81. Fyrd geseah, hú ðǽr hlifedon hálige seglas, 183, 10; Exod. 89. II. a veil, curtain :-- Ðæs temples segl, Exon. Th. 70, 16; Cri. 1139. III. a flag, banner (?) :--Segl larbanum (labarum(?). Labarum signum militare Romanorum, pensile, ex panno aut serico contectum, et transversario antennae specie ligno affixum, a suprema conti parte pendens. v. segl-gird, II), Wrt. Voc. ii. 52, 8. [O. Sax. segel : O. H. Ger. segal velum, artemon, carbasus : Icel. segl; n.] v. ofer-segl.
seglan, siglan, seglian; p. de, ede, ode To sail :-- Ðá hé hámweard seglde, Ors. 4, 10; Swt. 202, 1. Hé siglde ðá eást be lande, 1, 1; Swt. 17, 16. Se sciphere sigelede (seglode, MS. E.) west ymbútan, Chr. 877; Erl. 78, 17. Hé hys segl up áhóf, and swýðe forð seglode, St. And. 38, 33. Út on sǽ tó seglanne, Prov. Kmbl. 64. [O. H. Ger. segelen : Icel. sigla.] v. ge-seglian.
segl-bósm, es; m. The swelling out of a sail, sail swelled out by the wind :-- Seglbósm carbasus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 13, 57 : 103, 28 : carbasus, tumor veli, 128, 53. Seglbósmas carbasa, vela navium, 54 : carbasa, 88, 24.
segl-gerǽde, es; n. Sail-furniture, tackle :-- Hé becwæð his láford his beste scip and ða segelgerǽda ðártó domino suo meliorem suarum navium unam cum sibi pertinentibus armamentis contulit, Chart. Th. 549, 18. [Cf. Icel. segl-reiði sail-rigging.]
segl-gird, es; m. : e; f. I. a sail-yard, yard of a ship :--Seglgærd antemna, Wrt. Voc. ii. 100, 30. Segelgyrd antenna, i. 48, 17 : antenna vel temo, 56, 39. Mæst sceal on ceóle, segelgyrd (Grein takes this == sail-girt, and as applying to the mast) seomian, Menol. Fox 509; Gn. C. 25. Ða twegen endas ðære seglgyrde cornua, Wrt. Voc. i. 56, 40 : 48, 18. Segelgyrda antennarum, ii. 5, 41 : 88, 25. Segelgyrdena, mæsta antennarum, Hpt. Gl. 529, 18. Segelgyrdas antemnas, 97, 29. II. the cross rod from which a banner hangs (? v. segel, III) :--Segelgyrd labara, Wrt. Voc. ii. 78, 24. [Prompt. Parv. seyl- ʒerd antenna. Cf. O. H. Ger. segal-poum antenna; also malus : Icel. segl-viðr a yard.] Cf. segl-ród.
segling, e; f. Sailing :-- Ðæt wé ne mid seglinge ne mid równesse ówiht fremian mihte ut neque velo neque remigio quicquam proficere valeremus, Bd. 5, 1; S. 613, 25. Hé mid seglunge binnon ánum dæge com tó Antiochian, Ap. Th. 6, 27.
segl-rád, e; f. The sail-road, the sea :-- Síð on seglráde, Beo. Th. 2863; B. 1429.
segl-ród, e; f. A sail-yard, Cd. Th. 182, 29; Exod. 83. (v. segl, Ia.) [O. H. Ger. segal-ruota antenna.] Cf. segel-gird.
segn, segen, es; m. n. A sign. :-- Segn signum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 120, 61. I. a sign, mark, token :-- Abraham sette friðotácn (circumcision) on his selfes sunu, héht ðæt segn wesan (wegan?) heáh gehwilcne, ðe his hína wæs wǽpnedcynnes, Cd. Th. 142, 32; Gen. 2370. II. a military standard, banner, an ensign :-- Segn ban[dum], Txts. 45, 278. Segn, seng, segin labarum (v. segl, III), vixilla, 73, 1167. Seign (segin?) vexilla, 105, 2093. His segen se wæs mid golde and mid godewæbbe gefrætewod and ofer his byrigenne geseted vexillum ejus super tumbam auro et purpura compositum adposuerunt, Bd. 3, 11; S. 535. 31. Segn, Beo. Th. 5909; B. 2958. Ðá wæs þúf hafen, segen for sweótum, Elen. Kmbl. 247; El. 124. Sió býman stefen and se beorhta segn, Exon. Th. 65, 30; Cri. 1062. Segnes gúþfana labara, Wrt. Voc. ii. 49, 74. Segne pendiculo (cf. labarum, signum pensile), 66, 48. Hæfdon him tó segne beácen árǽred, gyldenne león the tribe of Judah had a golden lion for their standard, Cd. Th. 198, 7; Exod. 319. Hé under segne sinc ealgode fighting under his flag he defended his treasure, Beo. Th. 2412; B. 1204. Hié him ásetton segen gyldenne heáh ofer heáfod, 94; B. 47 : 2046; B. 1021. Hé siomian geseah segn eallgylden, gelocen leóþocræftum, 5528; B. 2767 : 5546; B. 2776. Ðæt nalæs ðæt án ðæt hí segen fore him bǽron æt gefeohte ac swylce eác on sibbe tíde . . . him mon symble ðæt tácen beforan weg ut non solum in pugna ante illum vexilla gestarentur, sed et tempore pacis . . . semper antecedere signifer consuesset, Bd. 2, 16; S. 520, 9. Segn and síde byrnan. Salm. Kmbl. 907; Sal. 453. Wið ðone segn foran þengel rád, Cd. Th. 188, 23; Exod. 172. Segnas stódon standards were stationary, 214, 7; Exod. 565 : 197, 4; Exod. 302. Eall mín weorod . . . herebeácen and segnas beforan mé lǽddon totum agmen me . . . sequebatur cum signis et uexillis, Nar. 7, 16. IIa. used metaphorically :--Wynród segn sóðfæstra the cross, the standard of the righteous, Salm. Kmbl. 471; Sal. 236. Gesáwon randwígan segn (the pillar of fire) ofer sweóton, Cd. Th. 185, 23; Exod. 127. [From Latin.] v. eafor-heáfod-segn; segnian.
segn-berend, es; m. One bearing a standard (or crest ?), a warrior :-- Ne mæg mec oferswíðan segnberendra ǽnig ofer eorþan, nymþe se ána God, Exon. Th. 423, 13; Rä. 41, 20. v. next word.
segn-bora, an; m. A standard-bearer :-- Hé (John) wæs segnbora ðæs ufancundan Kyninges, Blickl. Homl. 163, 22. Segnbora draconarius (draconarius vexillifer, qui fert vexillum ubi est draco depictus), i. vexillarius, signifer, Wrt. Voc. ii. 142, 5. Segnboran, tácnboran draconarii vel vexillarii vel signiferi, i. 21, 66.
segn-cyning, es; m. A king before whom a banner is borne :-- Him ðǽr segncyning (Grein would read sigecyning; but cf. (?) the passages from Bede under segn) wið ðone segn foran rád, Cd. Th. 188, 22; Exod. 172.
segne, an; f. A seine, sean, a drag-net :-- Næs ðiú segni tósliten non est scissum rete, Jn. Skt. Lind. 21, 11. Of suegna fiscum de saginae piscibus, Mt. Kmbl. p. 17, 6. Ongelíc segne simile saginae, Lind. 13, 47. Sendas ðæt nett ɫ segna mittite rete, Jn. Skt. Lind. 21, 6. Segni, 8. Hí ongunnon sǽláfe segnum dǽlan, Cd. Th. 215, 17; Exod. 584. [(Pecher) de nase wit a seyne, Wrt. Voc. i. 159, 7. O. Sax. segina : O. Frs. seine : O. H. Ger. segina sagena. From Latin; cf. Fr. seine.]
segnian, sénian; p. ode. I. to make the sign of the cross upon anything in token of blessing or consecration, to bless, consecrate :-- Se biscop nam hláf and sénode essent manus ad panem benedicendum missuri, Bd. 3, 6; S. 528, 15 note. Ðá sang hé orationem ofer hine and hine bletsode and sénode dixit orationem, ac benedixit eum, 5, 5; S. 618, 8. Sénade, 5, 6; S. 619, 42. Hé mid his handum húsel sénode, Homl. Skt. i. 3, 114. Ðá hé sénade ðæt fæt ðe ðæt áttor on wæs, ðá tóbærst hit, Shrn. 65, 11. Sǽnade, 52, 32. Ðonne ðú hláf brece, sǽna ðú ða cruman, 53, 18. Ðeáh ðe man wafige wundorlíce mid handa, ne biþ hit ðeáh bletsung, búta hé wyrce tácn ðære hálgan róde . . . Mid þrým fingrum man sceall sénian and bletsian, H. R. 105, 22. Hine sylfne séniende signando sese, Bd. 4, 24; S. 599, 13. II. without reference to the sign of the cross :--Segnade earce innan ágenum spédum Nergend, Cd. Th. 82, 21; Gen. 1365 : 83, 35; Gen. 1390. III. of speech (?) :-- Ué sægnade bene dicimus, Jn. Skt. Lind. 8, 48. [We sculen ure forheafod mid þere halie rode tacne seinian, O. E. Homl. i. 127, 25. Godd feder ant his sune iseinet (blessed), Marh. 23, 18. Þanne sat sleuthe up and seyned hym swithe, Piers P. 5, 456. Swa sal I saine þe, Ps. 62, 5. O. Sax. seginón : O. H. Ger. seganón benedicere : Icel. signa to sign, consecrate, in heathen times, with Thor's hammer, in Christian times, with the cross; to bless.] v. ge-segnian.
segnung, sénung, e; f. Blessing, consecration :-- Ofer hine cymeþ mínre segnunga blóstma super ipsum florebit sanctificatio mea, Ps. Th. 131, 19. Wæs hé lǽded tó Brytta biscopum and hé nǽnige hǽle ne frófre þurh heora segnunge (þegnunge ?) onféng qui cum oblatus Brittonum sacerdotibus, nil curationis vel sanationis horum ministerio perciperet, Bd. 2, 2; S. 502, 26. v. hláf-sénung.
seht, es; m. : e; f. I. a settlement, an agreement, terms arranged between two parties by an umpire, a peace between two powers :-- Se seht ðe Godwine eorl worhte betweónan ðam arcebisceop and ðam híréde æt Sc̃e Augustine, and Leófwine preóste, Chart. Th. 349, 19. Spǽcon ðá Leófríces freónd and Wulfstánes freónd, ðæt hit betere wǽre, ðæt heora seht tógædere wurde, ðonne hý ǽnige sace hym betweónan heóldan; sóhtan ðá hyra seht. (The terms are then given.) Ðis wæs úre ealra seht, 377, 1-13. Syððan ðæs cáseres seht wæs and Baldwines, Chr. 1050; Erl. 173, 33. Hí tóhwurfon mid ðisum sehte (the agreement between Edmund and Cnut), 1016; Erl. 159, 6. Ða férdon betwux Ródbeard eorl and Eádgár æðeling and þæra cinga sehte swá gemacedon. (The terms are then given.) On ðisum sehte wearð Eádgár eþeling wið ðone cyng gesæhtlad, 1091; Erl. 228, 1-8. [Férden þe ærcebiscop and te wíse men betwux heom and makede ðæt sahte ðæt . . ., 1140; Erl. 265, 30.] II. peace, friendship :-- Syððan seaht and sib mycelre tíde betwyh ða ylcan cyningas and heora ríce áwunode, Bd. 4, 21; S. 590, 25 note. Ðæt ða cyningas seht námon (cf. friþ niman) heom betweónan, Chr. 1016; Erl. 159, 1. Hí móston mid ealle ðæs cynges wille folgian, gif hí woldon land habban oððe wel his sehta, 1086; Erl. 222, 35. [Sib and sæhte sculde bén betwyx heom and on al Engleland, 1140; Erl. 265, 32. Betere weore sæhte þene swilc unisibbe, Laym. 9844. God lihte to eorðe uorte makien þreouold seihte, A. R. 250, 2. Taken from the Danes (?) cf. Icel. sátt a settlement, agreement; peace.] v. un-seht and following words.
seht; adj. In agreement about the terms of a settlement, agreed :-- Hí wurdon sehte ðæt ða gebróðra ealle geeodon of ðam lande bútan ánum, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. vi. 195, 25. Hí him ðæs gætíðodon wið swylcon gersumen swylce hí ðá sehtæ wǽron such as they were then agreed upon, 198, 16. Hí wurdon sehte on ða gerád ðæt . . ., Chr. 1093; Erl. 229, 25. Wearð se cyng and his bróðor sehte . . . and eall Normandíg æt him mid feó álísde, swá swá hí ðá sehte wǽron, 1096; Erl. 233, 17. Sæhte, 1077; Erl. 215, 10. [Sehte, 1120; Erl. 248, 1. Sæhte, 1135; Erl. 261, 21. Þus iwerað Brennes sæht (isehte, 2nd MS. ) whit his broðer, Laym. 5114. Hiss bodiʒ wiþþ hiss gast sammtale & sahhte wurrþe, Orm. 5731. Cf. Icel. sáttr verða á eitt to agree on.] v. un-seht and next word.
sehtan; p. te To bring about agreement between people, to settle a dispute :--Cristenum cyninge gebyreþ ðæt hé eall cristen folc sibbie and sehte mid rihtre lage, L. I. P. 2; Th. ii. 304, 12 : Wulfst. 266, 17. Ðæt wé habban ús gemǽne sibbe and sóme, and ǽlce sace sehtan, 272, 23. Bisceop sceal beón symle ymbe sóme and ymbe sibbe . . . Hé sceal georne saca sehtan and friþ wyrcan, L. I. P. 7; Th. ii. 312, 14. [A porueance . . . thut lond uor to seyte, R. Glouc. 533, 15. We schul saughte sone (cf. we schulle ben at oon, 156), Chauc. Tale of Gamelyn, 150. Ʒe schulle sauʒte (agree), Piers P. A-Text, MS. T. 4, 2. Icel, sætta to bring about agreement.] v. ge-sehtian.
sehtlian (?); p. ode. I. to settle, bring to an agreement, settle a dispute between people (the word seems to occur only in the later part of the Chronicle) [ :--Ðá eodon góde men heom betwénen and sahtloden heom, Chr. 1066; Erl. 203, 27. Ða twegen kyngas wurðon sæhtlod, 1070; Erl. 209, 26. II. to come to an agreement :-- Ðá feórden ðe wíse men betwyx þe kinges freónd & te eorles freónd & sahtlede suá ðæt . . . Sithen sahtleden þe king and Randolf eorl, 1140; Erl. 264, 31-35. Þe eorles sæhtleden wyd þemperice, Erl. 265, 6.] [Forr to sahhtlenn hemm towarrd hiss Faderr, Orm. 351. When a sawele is sa&yogh;tled to dry&yogh;tyn, Allit. Pms. 72, 1139. &YOGH;e schulle saghtlyn, Piers P. A-Text, MS. U. 4, 2.] v. ge-sæhtlian.
sehtness, e; f. Agreement, accord, concord, peace :-- Ðám dómbócum ðe se heofonlíca Wealdend his folce gesette tó sóme and tó sehtnesse, Homl. Th. ii. 198, 19. [Geaf ðone cyng .xl. marc goldes tó sahtnysse, Chr. 1066; Erl. 203, 29.] [Crist wass borenn her sahhtnesse & griþþ to settenn, Orm. 3515. He sahtnesse wrohte, Laym. 2809. Sæhtnesse underfon to accept terms, 8262. Næfde þa sehtnesse ilast buten seouen &yogh;ere urist, 30137. 'Pax vobis.' Seihtnesse beo bitweonen ou, A. R. 250, 5.] v. ge-sehtness.
[seim [from earlier segem (?)] fat, lard :-- Seime ɫ fetnesse adipe, Ps. Spl. T. 62, 6. [Ge ne schulen eten ulesche ne seim, A. R. 412, 26. See Halliw. Dict. saim, seam, and cf. Fr. sain : Ital. saime. From late Lat. sagimen.] ]
sel a hall, sél a season, v. sæl, sǽl.
sél (the positive form does not occur, but is found in Layamon); cpve. sélra, sélla; spve. sélest, sélost; adj. Good. I. of health :--Sóna seó blǽdder tó séiran (to a healthier condition) gehwyrfeþ, Lchdm. i. 206, 15. II. good, worthy, having excellent qualities or properties :-- Sancte Iohannes wæs mára and sélra eallum óðrum mannum, Blickl. Homl. 163, 20. Sýlra, 161, 24. Ðeáh hine se dysiga dó tó cyninge, hú mæg gesceádwís scealc gereccan, ðæt hé him ðý sélra sié oððe þince, Met. 15, 15. Nǽnig sélra nǽre rondhæbbendra ríces wyrðra no warrior was worthier, more deserving of rule, Beo. Th. 1725; B. 860. Næs mid Rómwarum sincgeofa sélla among the Romans was not a prince of nobler character, Met. 1, 50. Bóþ his sylfes swíðor micle ðonne se sélla mon, Exon. Th. 315, 11; Mód. 29. Him wearþ sélle líf bihýded, 227, 3; Ph. 417. Wé sculon ídle lustas forseón and ðæs séllran gefeón, 47, 19; Cri. 757. Ðæt hé fére him tó ðam sélran ríce (heaven), 352, 24; Sch. 102. On sýllan mon, 377, 20; Deór. 6. Uton wé georne teolian ðæt wé ðe beteran sýn & ðe sélran for ðære láre ðe wé gehýrdon, Blickl. Homl. 111, 19. Gé sóhtun ða sǽmran and ða séllan nó démdan æfter dǽdum, Exon. Th. 131, 30; Gú. 463. Ðú se sélusta Theophilus optime Theophile, Lk. Skt. 1, 3. Hláford mín and bróðor ðín se sélesta, Exon. Th. 183, 26; Gú. 1333. On gódre and on sélestre heortan in corde bono et optimo, Lk. Skt. 8, 15. Nymaþ of eówrum sélustan wæstmum, Gen. 43, 11. III. good of its kind, (a) of persons, possessing the excellences of a class, excellent, well-qualified, skilful, efficient :-- Hé ðæs wǽpnes onláh sélran sweordfrecan, Beo. Th. 2940; B. 1468. Nǽfre ic sǽlidan sélran métte, Andr. Kmbl. 942; An. 471. Ic fæste binde swearte wealas, hwilum séllan men, Exon. Th. 393, 23; Rä. 13, 4. Omerus se góda sceop ðe mid Crécum sélest wæs . . . Firgilius wæs mid Lǽdenwarum sélest, Bt. 41, 1; Fox 244, 4-6. Cwéna sélost, Drihtnes módor, Menol. Fox 334; Men. 168. Ealra sigebearna ðæt séleste and æþeleste, Exon. Th. 33, 4; Cri. 520. Twegen wǽron biscopas and twegen mæssepreóstas ealle ða sélestan omnes sacerdotes fuere praeclari, Bd. 3, 23; S. 555, 19. Manige ðara sélestena cynges þéna forþférdon, Chr. 897; Erl. 94, 32. (b) of things :--Næs sincmáðþum sélra on sweordes hád there was no greater treasure in the shape of a sword, Beo. Th. 4392; B. 2193. Hí nǽfre song séllan ne hýrdon, Exon. Th. 325, 8; Víd. 108. Ídel stód húsa sélest. Beo. Th. 294; B. 146. Hof séleste (the ark), Cd. Th. 84, 6; Gen. 1393. Éce líf, sélust sigeleána, Elen. Kmbl. 1051; El. 527. Blícan swá ðæt séloste gold, H. R. 15, 35. Seó séleste gesǽlþ, Bt. 24, 2; Fox 82, 3. Biþ Drihten úre se sélosta scyld the Lord will be our most effectual shield. Blickl. Homl. 13, 10. Heó hié gegyrede mid ðon sélestan hrægle, 139, 7. IIIa. marking the rank or class of a person :--Ðone sélestan (of the highest class) . . . ðane óðerne . . . ðane þriddan, L. Ethb. 26; Th. i. 8, 12. IV. good, advantageous, to one's interest, advisable :-- Is hit micle sélre ðæt wé hine álýsan, Andr. Kmbl. 3124; An. 1565. Sélle, Exon. Th. 371, 15; Seel. 76. Him sylfum sélle þynceþ leahtras tó fremman, 266, 33; Jul. 407. Ne mæg ðec séllan rǽd mon gelǽran, 119, 4; Gú. 249. Wé ðé mágon sélre ge&dash-uncertain;lǽran, Andr. Kmbl. 2706; An. 1355. Ðá forléton wé ða frécnan wegas and ðǽm sélran wé férdon, Nar. 17, 13. Ðæt him soelest wǽre ðæt hié friþes wilnaden nullam esse residuam spem, nisi in petenda pace, Ors. 4, 10; Swt. 202, 18. Hé brytniæ swǽ hígum maest réd sié and ðaem sáwlum soelest, Chart. Th. 461, 2 : 465, 33. Ófest is sélost, Cd. Th. 196, 18; Exod. 293 : Andr. Kmbl. 3129; An. 1567 : Beo. Th. 518; B. 256. Hwæt sélest wǽre tó gefremmanne, 351; B. 173 : Elen. Kmbl. 2328; El. 1165. Ellen biþ sélast ðam ðe sceal dreógan dryhtenbealu, Exon. Th. 183, 4; Gú. 1322. Biþ andgit ǽghwǽr sélest, Beo. Th. 2123; B. 1059. Is hit ealles sélest tó sécenne hwæt ðæs willa sié, Blickl. Homl. 205, 27. V. good, honourable, noble, proper :-- Deáþ biþ sélla eorla gehwylcum ðonne edwítlíf, Beo. Th. 5773; B. 2890. Sélre biþ ǽghwæm ðæt hé his freónd wrece, ðonne hé fela murne, 2773; B. 1384 : Andr. Kmbl. 640; An. 320. Ðé ðæt sélre geceós, éce rǽdas, Beo. Th. 3523; B. 1759. Hé smeáde hwæt him sélest (or under III) tó dónne wǽre quid sibi esset faciendum tractabat, Bd. 2, 9; S. 512, 15. Maria geceás ðone sélestan dǽl, Lk. Skt. 10, 42. VI. of value, precious :-- Ðú golde eart, sincgife sýlla. Andr. Kmbl. 3016; An. 1511. Hú nys seó sáwl sélre ðonne mete nonne anima plus est quam esca ? Mt. Kmbl. 6, 25. Ne hýrde ic guman ǽnigne bringan ofer sealtne mere sélran láre, Menol. Fox 204; Men. 103. Gé synt sélran ðonne manega spearuan, Mt. Kmbl. 10, 31. Gif hé nele ðone sélestan dǽl Gode gedǽlan, Blickl. Homl. 195, 7, VII. good, happy, pleasant :-- On ðǽm sélran þingum in secundis rebus, Nar. 7, 26. Wé dreámas hefdon sélrum tídum, Cd. Th. 267, 29; Sat. 45. [Þu scalt uurþan sæl thou shalt prosper, Laym. 1234. Cloten hauede enne sune þe sel (bold, 2nd MS.) wes, 4071. Mid selere strengðe with great strength, 21654. Seoue þusend selere (boldere, 2nd MS.) þeinen, 18011. Ich wulle sende to selen mine þeinen, 25162. Ne isæh na man selere cniht nenne, 21166. Þat us is selest (best, 2nd MS.) to don, 918. In al þat sel is, H. M. 47, 34. Goth. séls good, kind : Icel. sæll blest, happy.] v. next word.
sél, soel; also sélor; adv. (cpve.) Better. I. of health :--Cwæð ðæt heó gelýfde ðæt hire sóna sél wǽre quia crederet eam mox melius habituram, Bd. 5, 3; S. 616, 11. Sóna ic wæs wyrpende and mé sél wæs statim melius habere incipio, S. 616, 34 : 5, 5; S. 618, 4. Sóna him biþ sél. Lchdm. iii. 288, 19. Him biþ soel bene habebunt, Mk. Skt. Lind. 16,18. Ia. of moral or spiritual well-being :--Ne mæg ic gehycg an, hwý him on hige þorfte á ðý sǽl wesan, Met. 15, 10. II. of knowledge :--Gé sind searowum beswicene oððe sél nyton, móde gemyrde, Andr. Kmbl. 1490; An. 746. Findaþ ða ðe fyrngewritu sélost cunnen, Elen. Kmbl. 748; El. 374. III. of the operation of the senses :--Hé biþ suá micle sél gehiéred, suá hé ufor gestent, Past. 14, 1; Swt. 81, 17. IV. denoting excellence in act or in conduct :--Nó ðý sél dyde, ac ðam æðelinge oferhygd gesceód, Cd. Th. 246, 35; Dan. 489. Ne gefrægn ic nǽfre wurðlícor æt hilde sixtig sigebeorna sél gebǽran, Fins. Th. 77; Fins. 38 : Beo. Th. 2029; B. 1012. Hwylc hira sélast simle gelǽste hláforde æt hilde, Andr. Kmbl. 821; An. 411. Bet gé rǽdaþ melius legitis, sélost (sǽlost, MS. T.) hí rǽdaþ optime legunt, Ælfc. Gr. 5; Zup. 9, 17. Hwǽr ic sélast wisse cwén giefe bryttian, Exon. Th. 324, 28; Víd. 101. V. denoting advantage or profit :--Hwæt byþ ús tó méde (ús ðý soel, Lind.), Mt. Kmbl. 19, 27. Tó hwan hió ða næglas sélost and deórlícost gedón meahte, Elen. Kmbl. 2315; El. 1158. VI. denoting success or good result, with (more) success, (more) effectually, to (more) purpose :-- Ic gelýfe ðe sél and ðý fæstlícor ferhþ staþelige, Elen. Kmbl. 1589; El. 796. Ne gefrægn ic nǽfre sixtig sigebeorna medu sél forgyldan, Fins. Th. 79; Fins. 39. For ðý ðe mon ðás feorme ðý soel gelǽste, Chart. Th. 474, 12. Næs him wihte ðe sél he did not succeed any the better, Beo. Th. 5368; B. 2687. Sél æfter wælrǽse wunde gedýgan to be more successful in escaping wounds, 5054; B. 2530. Se æcer syððan gegreów .c. síða sélor ðonne hé ǽr dyde, Shrn. 137, 25. Hú man sélost mæg synna forbúgan how sins may most effectually be avoided, Ælfc. T. Grn. 7, 38. Hú ic ðíne; sóðfæstnesse sélest heólde, Ps. Th. 118, 54, 26. Hié hígon gefeormien swǽ hié soelest þurhtión mégen, Chart. Th. 476, 31. VII. with verbs of liking or pleasing :--Hé nánum menn sél ne úðe ðonne mé there was no one he would sooner give it to than to me, Chart. Th. 485, 17. Ða men ðe ic mínes erfes seólest onn, 480, 20. Se getreówa man sceal syllan his gód on ða tíd ðe hine sylfne sélest lyste his brúcan, Blickl. Homl. 101, 20. Hí genáman ðæs folces ðe ðǽr tó láfe wæs and him sélost lícodan, 79, 21.
seld, es; n. I. a seat, that on which one sits, a throne; sedes :--In heofene seld his his throne is in heaven (A. V.), Ps. Surt. 10, 5 : 44, 7. Dóm gegearwung seldes ðínes, 88, 15 : 96, 2. Of dúne sette maehtge of selde, ii. p. 200, 20 : Cd. Th. 275, 17; Sat. 173 : 276, 12; Sat. 187. Ðǽr is sang æt selde (the throne of God), 306, 12; Sat. 662. Sang ymb seld secgan, 279, 9; Sat. 235. Siteþ him on heofnum, hafaþ wuldres bearn his seolfes seld, 301, 27; Sat. 588. God siteþ ofer seld hálig his, Ps. Surt. 46, 9 : 9, 8. Ealdormenn sǽton on seldum, Ps. Th. 118, 23. Hí on seldon sǽton æt dómum, 121, 5. II. a seat, residence, mansion, hall :-- Scyppendes seld, Salm. Kmbl. 160; Sal. 79. Ðá hé ða mænego (the rebellious angels) ádráf of ðæm heán selde (heaven), Cd. Th. 277, 10; Sat. 202. Cwom Daniel in ðæt seld gangan, 225, 9; Dan. 151 : 262, 1; Dan. 737. Engel lét his hand cuman in ðæt heá seld (Belshazzar's hall), 261, 7; Dan. 722. Hié tempel strudon, Salomanes seld, 260, 19; Dan. 712. Com tó Heorot, ðǽr Hring-Dene geond ðæt sæld swǽfon, Beo. Th. 2564; B. 1280. Wǽron on ðyssum felda unríme gesomnunge manna and monig seld (or to I ?) gefeóndra weorada erant in hoc campo innumera hominum conventicula, sedesque plurimae agminum laetantium, Bd. 5, 12; S. 629, 25. Ða heallícan seld palatias zetas, Wrt. Voc. ii. 81, 23. Hú hé eft gesette swegeltorhtan seld, Cd. Th. 6, 27; Gen. 95. Heáhgetimbru, seld on swegle, Exon. Th. 137, 10; Gú. 557. [Ær he arise of selde, Laym. 25988. Cf. Goth. salithwa; f. a mansion, chamber : O. Sax. seliða, selda : O. H. Ger. selida; f. domicilium, mansio, habitaculum, tabernaculum.] v. án-, biscop-, cear-, éðel-, heáh-, medu-, páp-, sundor-, þrym-, weard-seld; selde.
seldan (-on, -un, -um); cpve. seldnor; adv. Seldom, rarely :-- Seldan (-on) raro, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Zup. 240, 12 : Bt. 16, 1; Fox 50, 14. Oft nalæs seldan. Ps. Th. 74, 4. Tó seldan hit biþ, beó hit seldor on dæg ðonne seofon síðum, Btwk. 194, 11. Oft (of ? cf. Icel. of- too, and v. of-) seldan hwǽr æfter leódhryre lytle hwíle bongár búgeþ too rare are the cases in which after the fall of men the deadly weapon retires, or often after slaughter the spear is seldom at rest, i. e. in most cases frequent strife follows (cf. the first passage under seld-hwanne, and seldum hwonne), Beo. Th. 4063; B. 2039. Him seldon teola gespeów, Ors. 4, 5; Swt. 168, 19 : Bd. 1, 1; S. 474, 31 : Met. 28, 71. Seldon wé ǽnig seolfor fundon. Nar. 5, 15. Hwílon ic dó ac seldon aliquando facio, sed raro, Coll. Monast. Th. 24, 3. Se ðe him ealneg wind ondrǽt, hé sǽwþ tó seldon, Past. 39, 2; Swt. 285, 18. Seldun, 9; Swt. 57, 16. Seldum ǽfre, Salm. Kmbl. 540; Sal. 269. Ac ðeáh hí seldum hwonne (cf. seldhwanne) beswemde weorþon ðonne sleáþ hé eft on ða solu but though on rare occasions they (swine) get washed, at such times they return to the mire, Bt. 37, 4; Fox 192, 28. Ðæt dysie folc ðæs hit seldnor gesihþ swíðor wundriaþ, Met. 28, 66. [O. Frs. sielden : O. H. Ger. seltan; cpve. seltanor : Icel. sjaldan; cpve. sjaldnor; spve. sjaldnast.] v. un-seldan, seldor.
seld-, sel-cúþ; adj. Little known, strange, wonderful, unfamiliar :-- Se seldcúþa tungel gebícnode ðæs sóðan cyninges ácennednysse, Homl. Th. i. 106, 27. Hé wæs oflyst ðæs seldcúþan sónes (the sound of Orpheus' harp), Bt. 35, 6; Fox 168, 23. Hí willaþ simle hwæthwegu níwes and seldcúþes eówian, 34, 4; Fox 138, 29. Ðú hwerfest ymbúton sume wunderlíce and seldcúþe sprǽce, 35, 5; Fox 164, 17. Díglu þing tǽcan and seldcúþe, 39, 4; Fox 216, 13. Selcúþe reáf varias vestes, Coll. Monast. Th. 27, 9. [Þeo wimon was mid ane sune þat wes a selcuð bearn (wonderfol to telle, 2nd MS.), Laym. 280. Þatt wass sellcuþ mecle&yogh;&yogh;c, Orm. 19217. Gif him þuncheð wunder & selkuð of swuch onswere, A. R. 8, 26. Gret outrage we se . . . in selcouthe maners, Pr. C. 1518.]
seld-cyme, es; m. A rare visit :-- Wéna mé ðíne seóce gedydon, ðíne seldcymas, Exon. Th. 380, 27; Rä. 1, 14. [Cf. Icel. sjald-kvæmr seldom coming.]
selde, an; f. A porch :-- Selde proaula (porticus a porche, proaula idem est, 204, col. 2), i. domus coram aula, Wrt. Voc. i. 57, 46. v. sumor-, winter-selde; seld.
seld-guma, an; m. A hall-man, one who has a place in a lord's hall, a retainer :-- Nǽfre ic máran geseah eorl ofer eorþan ðonne is eówer sum . . . nis ðæt seldguma (he is no mere retainer. Grein translates 'vir qui semper in domo manet.' Heyne says 'seldguma ist hier offenbar der gemeine Mann, der nur ein seld besitzt, im Gegensatz zu dem edeln, der einen hof zu eigen hat.' But seld is used of royal residences, so that Bugge's explanation seems better, 'en mand som holder til en hövdings sal, en mand som er traadt i en hövdings tjeneste'), Beo. Th. 504; B. 249. Cf. sele-secg.
seld-hwanne; adv. Seldom, rarely :-- Oft ðonne ðæt mód ðæs fæstendan biþ mid ðý irre ofseten, ðonne cymþ sió blis seldhwanne, swelce hió sié elþeódig, Past. 43, 6; Swt. 313, 24. Ðeáh seldhwænne leáf geseald sié tó sprecenne quamvis rara loquendi concedatur licentia, R. Ben. 21, 16. Heó wolde seldhwænne hire líc baðian, Homl. Skt. i. 20, 44. Seldhwonne biþ ðaette áuht manegum monnum ánes hwæt lícige, Bt. 18, 3; Fox 64, 29. [Swuch ouh wummone lore to beon liðe and seldhwonne sturne, A. R. 428, 25. Cf. Icel. sjald-stundum rarely.]
seld-, sel-, syl-líc; adj. I. strange, extraordinary, wonderful :-- Ðis godspel þincþ dysegum mannum sellíc, Homl. Th. ii. 466, 9. Nú þincþ eów ðis syllíc tó gehýrenne, L. Ælfc. C. 6; Th. ii. 344, 16 : Wulfst. 269, 26. Is ðæt sellíc þincg, ðæt hí ne wundriaþ hú . . ., Met. 28, 53. Næfde sellícu wiht sýne ne folme, Exon. Th. 415, 2; Rä. 33, 5. Glóf síd and syllíc searobendum fæst, Beo. Th. 4178; B. 2086. Ic seah sellíc þing singan, Exon. Th. 413, 9; Rä. 32, 3. Ða réðan león and ða sellícan (syl-) pardes and ða egeslícan beran, Hexam. 9; Norm. 14, 33. Sellíce sǽdracan, Beo. Th. 2856; B. 1426. Syllíce tácn, Blickl. Homl. 91, 29. Syllíce stanas monstrous stones, 189, 15. Seldlícra fela many wonderful creatures, Exon. Th. 193, 34; Az. 131. Hit is sellícre ðæt hiora ǽnig ne mæg bútan óðrum bión, Met. 11, 50. Hí ðǽr geségon syllícran wiht, Beo. Th. 6069; B. 3038. II. having unusual good qualities, excellent, admirable :-- Þeódnes cynegold sóðfæstra gehwone sellíc glengeþ, Exon. Th. 238, 19; Ph. 606 : 341, 16; Gn. Ex. 127. Is ðes middangeard missenlícum wísum gewlitegad, wrættum gefrætwad, síþum sellíc, 414, 28; Rä. 33, 3. Freólíc, sellíc, 492, 29; Rä. 81, 23. Wundor syllíc (the pillar of fire), Cd. Th. 184, 17; Exod. 109 : Rood Kmbl. 25; Kr. 13. Hé wundur worhte seldlíc, Ps. Th. 125, 3. Ǽnlicra and fægerra, symle sellícra, Exon. Th. 357, 17; Pa. 30. Him (the phenix) sette sóð cyning sellícran gecynd ofer fugla cyn, 221, 4; Ph. 329. Ic ǽfre ne geseah syllícran cræft. Andr. Kmbl. 1000; An. 500 : Rood Kmbl. 8; Kr. 4. [Laym. sel-, sil-, seol-, sul-lich : O. E. Homl. sul-lic : Jul. sul-lich : O. and N. sel-, seol-lich : Goth. silda-leiks : O. Sax. seld-lík.]
seld-, sel-, syl-líce; adv. I. strangely, wonderfully :-- Nǽfre hié ðæs sellíce bleóum bregdaþ, Salm. Kmbl. 300; Sal. 149. Singeþ syllíce, 539; Sal. 269. II. wonderfully well, excellently, admirably :-- Iericho wæs sellíce getimbrod, mid seofon weallas beworht and wel wiðinnan geset, Homl. Th. ii. 212, 25. Syllíce hyt ðæt áttor tósceádeþ, Lchdm. i. 352, 13.
seldor; cpve. : seldost; spve. (the positive seems expressed by seldan, which however has a comparative seldnor); adv. More seldom, less frequently :-- Seldan raro, seldor rarius, ealra seldost (-ast, MS. H.) rarissime, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Zup. 240, 13. Tó seldan hit biþ, beó hit seldor on dæg ðæt wé God herian ðonne seofon síðum, Btwk. 194, 11. Bæþ ðám untrumum, swá oft swá hit framige, sý geboden; hálum sý seldor getíðod, R. Ben. 61, 1. Ðæt ungestæððige folc wundraþ ðæs ðe hit seldost gesihþ, Bt. 39, 3; Fox 216, 2. [Gon seldere þene he sholde to his chirche, O. E. Homl. ii. 207, 26. Icel. sjaldar.]
seld-síne, -sýnde; adj. Seldom seen, uncommon, unfamiliar :-- Cirus geáhsade ðæt ðæm folce seldsiéne and uncúðe wǽron wínes dryncas. Ors. 2, 4; Swt. 76, 12. Ǽlc seldsýnde fisc ðe weorðlíc biþ, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 450, 27. [Hit is seltsene on eorðe, H. M. 27, 22. Our speche schal beon seldcene, A. R. 8o, 19. Icel. sjald-sénn.]
sele, es; m. A hall, house, dwelling :-- Cwom bytla (Guthlac) tó ðam beorge . . . wæs sele (his hermitage) níwe, Exon. Th. 146, 24; Gú. 714. Sele sceal stondan, sylf ealdian, 343, 16; Gn. Ex. 158. Sele (Heorot, Hrothgar's hall) hlifade, heáh and horngeáp, Beo. Th. 163; B. 81. Ðes sele, receda sélest, 827; B. 411. Ðes windiga sele (hell), Cd. Th. 273, 14; Sat. 136. Hé on temple gestód . . . Hé anlícnesse geseh on seles (or from sæl, cf. 1523; An. 763) wáge, Andr. Kmbl. 1428; An. 714 : Exon. Th. 394, 17; Rä. 14, 4. Þegen ðe on cinges sele his hláforde þénode, L. R. 3; Th. i. 192, 1. Hé (Pharaoh) lǽdan héht wíf tó his selfes sele, Cd. Th. 111, 17; Gen. 1857. Geseah hé engles hand in sele (Belshazzar's hall) wrítan, 261, 16; Dan. 727. Hié tó sele (the Danish king's hall), gangan cwómon, Beo. Th. 652; B. 323. In sele ðam heán, 1431; B. 713 : (Hygelac's hall), 3973; B. 1984. On sele in the dragon's cave, 6248; B. 3128. Tó sele to the prison, Andr. Kmbl. 2624; An. 1313. Cyning mec on sele weorþaþ, Exon. Th. 401, 12; Rä. 21, 10. Ic sóhte sele sinces bryttan, hwǽr ic findan meahte ðone ðe in meoduhealle mec fréfran wolde, 288, 2; Wand. 25 : Beo. Th. 1657; B. 826 : 4694; B. 2352. Sele ásettan, sídne ræced fæste gefégan, Exon. Th. 296, 6; Crä. 47. Brúcan ðæs boldes ðe ús gearwaþ gǽsta ealdor; ðæt is sigedryhten ðe ðone sele frætweþ, 450, 24; Dóm. 92. Innan on ðone ealdan sele, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 406, 13. Ðone werigan sele (hell). Cd. Th. 285, 4; Sat. 332. Ongunnon heora burh rǽran and sele settan, salo niwian, 113, 2; Gen. 1881. [O. Sax. seli; m. : Icel. salr; pl. salir : cf. O. H. Ger. seli-hús : Goth. saljan to dwell, abide.] v. bán-, beág-, beór-, burg-, burn-, deáþ-, dreór-, dryht-, eorþ-, gæst-, gold-, grund-, gúþ-, heáh-, horn-, hring-, hróf-, níþ-, will-, wín-, wind-, wyrm-sele; sæl.
sele? :--Winter ýþe beleác ísgebinde óþ ðæt óðer com geár in geardas swá nú gyt déþ ða ðe sele (= sǽle ?) bewitiaþ wuldortorhtan weder winter shut up the waves with bonds of ice, until another year came to men's dwellings; so still the new year comes, and brilliant weather (as is apparent to those) who keep constant watch on the seasons, Beo. Th. 2275; B. 1135. But see Heyne's Beowulf, or Paul and Braune, Beiträge, 12, 31.
sele-dreám, es; m. Mirth of the hall, joyous life of the hall, festive pleasure :-- Beorgas wǽron blíðe gebǽrdon swá rammas wurdan gesweoru swá on seledreám swá on sceápum beóþ sceóne lambru montes, quare exultastis ut arietes, et colles velut agni ovium, Ps. Th. 113, 6. Oft ic secga seledreám sceal onþeón, Exon. Th. 480, 13; Rá. 64, 1. Goldburg ofgifan, secga seledreám, beorht beágselu. Andr. Kmbl. 3310; An. 1658 : Beo. Th. 4496; B. 2252. Swǽfon seledreámas. Cd. Th. 179, 29; Exod. 36 : Exon. Th. 292, 3; Wand. 93.
sele-ful[l], es; n. A cup used in a hall :-- Hé geþah symbel and seleful Beo. Th. 1242; B. 619.
sele-gescot, -gesceot, es; n. A tabernacle :-- In selegescote ðínum in tabernaculo tuo, Ps. Surt. 14, 1. Selegesceote, Ps. Th. 60, 3. Ðeáh ðe ic on mínes húses hyld gegange oððe selegesceot si introiero in tabernaculum domus meae, 131, 3, 5, 7. Ðæt selegescot, hús tó wynne (the body), Exon. Th. 90, 28; Cri. 1481. Selegescotu tabernacula, Ps. Th. 77, 28. Selegesceotu, 82, 6 : 107, 6. On ðínum selegescotum, 146, 11. v. sele-scot, ge-sceot.
sele-gist, es; m. A guest in a hall :-- Heó ofsæt ðone selegyst (Beowulf who was in Hrothgar's hall), Beo. Th. 3094; B. 1545.
selen, sellen, sylen, e; f. I. a gift :-- Ic ðé nú áfyrre fram mínre selene ðe ic ðé forgeaf, Wulfst. 258, 14. Seó góde antswaru sý ouer ða sélestan selene sermo bonus super datum optimum, R. Ben. 55, 9. Sylena donaria, Germ. 394, 343. Gástlícra sellena ɫ gifa sanctorum donorum, Hpt. Gl. 414, 37. Syllena, 473, 50. Mid selenum hé gewelgie donis maneret, Hymn. Surt. 4, 32. Ðú onfénge selena accepisti dona, Ps. Spl. 67, 19. Góde sylena syllan. Mt. Kmbl. 7, 11. Sylene, Lk. Skt. 11, 13. II. a giving, donation, grant :-- His handseten and sælen. Cod. Dip. Kmbl. ii. 89, 12. Ic geeácnode. tó ðare ǽrran sylene týn þúsenda ǽlfíxa, Chart. Th. 242, 11. Ic ðás úre selene trymmne, 106, 10. Þurh his sylene and gyfe ipso largiente, Bd. 2, 12; S. 515, 24. Þurh ælmyssan sylene per erogationem eleemosynae, L. Ecg. P. iv. 63; Th. ii. 222, 32. Mid gebedum and mid wæccum and mid ælmessa sylenum, Wulfst. 228, 20. III. the habit of giving, liberality, munificence :-- Sylen liberalitas, mid sylene munificentia, Hpt. Gl. 466, 52, 49. Cystigre sylene prodiga liberalitate, 517, 36. v. ælmes-, hand-, mann-selen, -silen.
seleness, selnes tradition; traditio, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 15, 2, 3 : Mk. Skt. Lind. Rush. 7, 3, 9.
sele-rǽdend, es; m. One who takes part in the councils held in a hall, a counsellor of a prince :-- Manige cómon snottere selerǽdend, symble gefégon beornas burhweardes cyme, Andr. Kmbl. 1317; An. 659. Men ne cunnon secgan tó sóðe, selerǽdende (-rǽdenne, MS.), hæleþ under heofenum, hwá ðæm hlæste onféng, Beo. Th. 102; B. 51. Ic ðæt leóde míne, selerǽdende, secgan hýrde, 2696; B. 1346.
sele-rest, e; f. A bed in a hall :-- Hine ymb monig sǽrinc selereste gebeáh (of Beowulf and his men when sleeping in Hrothgar's hall), Beo. Th. 1384; B. 690.
sele-scot, es; n. A tabernacle, dwelling :-- Gewyrce wé þreó selescotu (tabernacula), Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 17, 4. Fuglas heofunas habbaþ selescota (nidos), 8, 20. v. sele-gescot.
sele-secg, es; m. A hall-man, a retainer who has a place in his lord's hall:-- Gemon hé selesecgas and sincþnege, hú hine his goldwine wenede tó wiste, Exon. Th. 288, 20; Wand. 34. Cf. seld-guma.
sele-þegn, es; m. A hall-thane, chamberlain:-- Him (Beowulf) seleþegn síðes wérgum forþ wísade, se ealle beweotede þegnes þearfe (the chamberlain who saw after everything Beowulf needed], Beo. Th. 3592; B. 1794.
sele-weard, es; m. A hall-warder, guard of a hall:-- Hæfde hé Grendle tógeanes seleweard áseted, Beo. Th. 1338; B. 667.
self, seolf, silf, sylf; pron. A. self, very, own. I. with a noun (α) which it immediately follows :-- Ðam ðe se þeóden self sceóp nihte naman, Cd. Th. 9, 10; Gen. 139. Drihten sylf. Blickl. Homl. 41, 4:51, 6. God selfa cuman wille, 1153, 31. Hé, Drihten selfa, cwæð, 165, 2. Drihten sylfa, 39, 25. God seolfa, Cd. Th. 286, 11; Sat. 350. Nǽniges gebyrd círicean ne mǽrsiaþ nemþe Cristes sylfes and ðyses Iohannes, Blickl. Homl. 161, 11. From ðære dura selfre ðisse béc ab ipso libri hujus exordia. Past. proem.; Swt. 25, 11. Gode sylfum underþeódde. Blickl. Homl. 109, 22 : 73, 12. Gearo mód ge eác swylce deáþ sylfne tó þrowienne paratum vel eiiam ad moriendum animum, Bd. 1, 26; S. 487, 38. On ðæt dægréd sylf. Judth. Thw. 24, 24; Jud. 204. Rómáne selfe sǽdon, Ors. 5, 3; Swt. 220, 20. Nǽnig man ða lǽstas sylfe ufan oferwyrcean ne mihte, Blickl. Homl. 125, 35. Hé ða deádan sylfe áwehte, 173, 29. (β) which it follows, but not immediately :-- Nergend com nihtes self. Cd. Th. 159, 12; Gen. 2633. Ðeáh ðe ðæt hús ufan open sý sylf, Blickl. Hom. 125, 30. Mé sægde ǽr dæt wíf hire wordum selfa, Cd. Th. 160, 11; Gen. 2648. Hé mid hondum Hǽlend genom sylfne be sídan, 299, 5; Sae. 545. (γ) along with a personal pronoun in the dative :-- Pilatus on hys dómerne hym sylf áwrát ealle ða þyng, Nicod. 34; Thw. 19, 33. Óðra gesceafta weorðaþ him selfe tó náuhte, Met. 11, 87. (δ) which it immediately precedes :-- On ðé sylf cyning wrát, wuldres God, Andr. Kmbl. 3017; An. 1511. Héht sylf cyning him Abraham tó, Cd. Th. 161, 27; Gen. 2671. Hit is se seolfa sunu Waldendes, 289, 11; Sat. 396. Se sylfa cyning lýsde (hié) of firenum, Exon. Th. 74, 20; Cri. 1209. Sylfes ðæs folces, 481, 20; Rä. 65, 6. Under ðam sylfum norþdǽle middangeardes sub ipso septentrionali vertice mundi, Bd. 1. 1; S. 473, 29. Ic tó sylfum Drihtne cleopode. Ps. Th. 54, 16. Ðæt ða sylfan ýþa wǽron áhofene ofer ðæt scip, Blickl. Homl. 235, 6. Ðæt ða sylfan his láreówas æt his múþe leornodan that his very teachers learned from his mouth, Bd. 4, 24; S. 598, 8. (ε) which it precedes, but not immediately :-- Bidon þegnas . . . swá him sylf bebeád swegles ágend, Exon. Th. 34, 16; Cri. 543. Bídan selfes gesceapu heofoncyninges, Cd. Th. 52, 12; Gen. 842 : 36, 4; Gen. 566. Wearð sylfum ætýwed ðam cásere swefnes wóma, Elen. Kmbl. 138; El. 69. II. with a pronoun, (1) in agreement with a personal pronoun denoting the subject of the sentence and (α) following it immediately :-- Ic sylf (seolf, Lind. : solfa, Rush.) hit eom ipse ego sum, Lk. Skt. 24, 39. Heó sylf hié þeówen nernde, Blickl. Homl. 13, 13. Ðæt hé sylfa cwæð, 13, 26: 95, 5. Beó hé sylfa syxta, L. C. S. 30; Th. i. 394, 5, MS. G. Sý hé scyldig his sylfes, L. Ath. iv. prm.; Th. i. 220, 12. Hé swíðor mínes feores wilnade ðonne his selfes, Nar. 8, 6. Mid his sylfes willum, willan ultro, Bd. 1, 7; S. 477, 15, 22. Gif þeów ete his sylfes rǽde, L. Wih. 15; Th. i. 40, 11. Hwæt segst ðú be ðé sylfum (seolfum, Lind. : fore ðec solfne. Rush.), Jn. Skt. 1, 22. Heó hæfde hire sylfre geworht ðæt mǽste wíte, Blickl. Homl. 5, 26. Gif his ríce on him sylfum biþ tódǽled . . . Gif ðæt hús ofer hit sylf ys tódǽled . . . Gif Satanas winþ ongén hine sylfne, Mk. Skt. 3, 24-26. Mé siolfne, Chart. Th. 476, 19. Ic swerige þurh mé sylfne per memetipsum juravi, Gen. 22, 16. Heó hié sylfe tó þeówene genemde, Blickl. Homl. 9, 23. Nú mæg sóð hit sylf gecýðan, 187, 16. Ðone anwald úre selfra, Past. 33; Swt. 220, 7. Suá micle giéman úrra niéhstena suá suá úre selfra, 5; Swt. 45, 12. Hí hiora selfra nánne anweald nabbaþ, Bt. 16, 3; Fox 54, 18. Hiora seolfra hǽlo, Nar. 30, 18. Heó hié selfe áweredon . . . him leófre wæs ðæt hié hié seolfe fornéðdon, Ors. 5, 3; Swt. 220, 23-26. Eáþmódgiaþ eów sylfe. Blickl. Homl. 99, 3. (α 1) with irregular construction :-- Ðeáh ðe hí synd of miclum dǽle heora sylfes anwealdes quamvis ex parte sui sint juris, Bd. 5, 23; S. 647, 3. (β) following the pronoun, but not immediately :-- Hé eác self biþ gecostod, Past. 16; Swt. 104, 20. Hwæt hé mé self bebeád what he himself bade me, Cd. Th. 34, 10; Gen. 535. Hé his brýde ofslóh self mid sweorde, Met. 9, 31. Gif hé wille sylf Godes dómas gedégan, Blickl. Homl. 43, 11. Hé wæs þridda sylf, Elen. Kmbl. 1707; El. 855: Andr. Kmbl. 1330; An. 665. Ne wén ðú ðæt ic tó ánwillíce winne wið ða wyrd, forðam iç hit nó selfe ne ondrǽde, Bt. 20; Fox 70, 21. Ðá ðá wé hit nóhwæðer ne selfe ne lufodon, Past. pref.; Swt. 5, 6. Sylfe, Blickl. Homl. 53, 1: 223, 20. Hié wénaþ ðæt hié wísran sién selfe ðonne óðre. Past. 48, 1; Swt. 365, 20. (γ) along with a pronoun in the dative :-- Ðú meaht nú ðé self geseón. Cd. Th. 38, 23; Gen. 611. Hé feóll him silf quem percussit Josue ad internecionem, Jos. 10, 33. Hí weorþaþ him selfe tó náuhte, Bt. 21; Fox 74, 36. (δ) preceding the pronoun :-- Ðǽr syndon dǽlas on sylfre hire cujus participatio ejus in idipsum, Ps. Th. '121, 3. (2) in agreement with a demonstrative :-- Þurh ðæs sylfes hand ðe ic ǽr onsended wæs, Soul Kmbl. 111 Seel. 56. (3) with a possessive :-- Be mínre seolfre nídþearfe de propio meo periculo, Nar. 9, 24. On ðínes silfes hand, Hy. 7, 83. Ðín ríce and ðínes sylfes feorh. Blickl. Homl. 185, 1. Mínes sylfes múþ os meum, Ps. Th. 77, 2. Ðínre sylfre sunu. Exon. Th. 21, 23; Cri. 339. Wé sceoldon úrra selfra waldan, Past. 33; Swt. 220, 5. II a. where the pronoun with which self agrees is not the subject of the sentence :-- Hé (Claudius Marcellus) fór on ðone ende Hannibales folces ðe hé self (Hannibal) on wæs, and hiene selfne (Hannibal) gefliémde. Ors. 4, 9; Swt. 192, 11-13. Antonius forlét Octauianuses swostor and him selfum onbeád gewin, 5, 13; Swt. 244, 32. Ðæt man tó óðrum lǽþþe hæbbe and hine hatige and tǽle behindan him sylfum, Blickl. Homl. 65, 1. Neoptolomus com tó Antigone . . . Ðá sende Antigones hiene selfne (Neoptolomus), Ors. 3, 11; Swt. 146, 9. Æðelstán wið Anláf gefeaht and his firde ofslóh and áflímde hine sylfne, Jud. Thw. p. 163, 10. Ðá gelýfde ic him . . . beswang hine and tó heora sylfra dóme ágeaf, Blickl. Homl. 177, 24. III. standing alone :-- Oft gebyreþ, ðonne se scrift ongit ðæs costunga ðe hé him ondetteþ, ðæt eác self biþ mid ðǽm ilcum gecostod, Past. 16; Swt. 105, 20. Hit Scipia hám onbeád, . . . and eác self sǽde, ðá hé hám com, Ors. 4, 12; Swt. 208, 34. Seolf, Cd. Th. 143, 5; Gen. 2374. Nime fíf and beó sylf sixta, L. C. S. 44; Th. i. 402, 7, MSS. A. G. For hwon wríhst ðú sceome, and ðín sylf þecest líc, Cd. Th. 54, 15; Gen. 877. Is ðín ágen sprǽc innan fýren, sylf swíðe hát ignitum eloquium tuum vehementer, Ps. Th. 118, 140. Ðǽr habbaþ englas dreám, sanctas singaþ, ðæt is seolfa for God, Cd. Th. 286, 21; Sat. 355. Ðá onféng hé gáste. . . and sylfa his wunda áwráþ. Bd. 4, 22; S. 590, 36. Hé his torn gewræc selfes mihtum, Cd. Th. 4, 26; Gen. 59: Beo. Th. 1404; B. 700. Hé beáhhordes brúcan móste selfes dóme, 1794; B. 895. Sleáþ synnigne ofer seolfes múþ. Andr. Kmbl. 2602; An. 1302 : Cd. Th. 248, 17; Dan. 514. Gest hine clænsie sylfes áþe, L. Win. 20; Th. i. 40, 19. Sylfæs, 18; Th. i. 40, 14. Sylfum tó sconde to thine own shame, Exon. Th. 90, 27; Cri. 1480. Se swóre for sylfne æfter his rihte, L. R. 4; Th. i. 192, 6. Se cásere héht eft gearwian sylfe tó síðe, Elen. Kmbl. 1998; El. 1001. III a. along with a pronoun in dative :-- Biþ him self sunu and fæder ipsa sibi proles, suus est pater, Exon. Th. 224, 12; Ph. 374. Ðæt ðú ús sunnan onsende, and ðé sylf cyme, 8, 8; Cri. 114. Nime fíf and beó him sylf sixta, L. C. S. 44; Th. i. 402, 7. Him sylfa, 30; Th. i. 394, 5. Eall ðis mágon him sylfe geseón, Exon. Th. 69, 6; Cri. 1116. IV. denoting voluntary or independent action (not inflected?). Cf. Goth. Silbó airtha akran bairith GREEK Mk. 4, 28; and see self-déma, -líc, -sceaft, -will, -wille, -willende :-- Genim túncersan, sió ðe self weaxeþ, and mon ne sǽwþ. Lchdm. ii. 22, 12. Gif hé wíf self hæbbe gange hió út mid him. Gif se hláford him wíf sealde sié hió ðæs hláfordes if he have a wife that he got himself, let her go out with him. If the lord gave him a wife, she shall be the lord's, L. Alf. 11; Th. i. 46, 4. Gif hit cucu feoh wǽre and hé secgge ðæt hit self ácwǽle died a natural death, L. Alf. 28; Th. i. 52, 2. Marius and Silla gefóran him self, and Cinna wæs ofslagen, Ors. 5, 11; Swt. 236, 24. Hié woldon of ǽlcerre byrig him self anwald habban imperare singulae cupiunt, 3, 7; Swt. 112, 20. Hé ne mihte hine handum self mid hrægle wryón, Cd. Th. 95, 1; Gen. 1572. Ðonne wearp seó eorþe hit sóna sylf (of its own accord) of hire, Blickl. Homl. 127, 2. Ðone sylf ne mæg man áspyrigean man left to himself cannot investigate it, Elen. Kmbl. 930; El. 466. B. (the) same, (α) with a demonstrative :-- Ðú eart se sylfa God ðe ús ádrife fram dóme, Ps. Th. 107, 10. Ðæt ilce geþanc and seó sylfe carfulnyss ðe heom amang ðam nihtslǽpe wæs on heora heortan, eáll ðá hí áwacodon hí ðæt sylfe geþohton, Homl. Skt. i. 23, 441. Ðæt selfe wæter þegnunge gearwode beforan his fótum, Blickl. Homl. 247, 10. Weorðeþ sunne sweart gewended . . . Móna ðæt sylfe, Exon. Th. 58, 19; Cri. 938: 387, 25; Rä. 5, 10. Ic ðé sǽde ǽr on ðisse selfan béc (cf. on ðisse ilcan béc, Bt. 37, 1; Fox 186, 25), Met. 25, 54. On ðære sylfan nihte . . . On ðam sylfan mynstre, Bd. 4, 23; S. 595, 33, 36. On ðam sylfan leóhte, S. 596, 3. On ðam sylfan stede ðe ðú him settest, Ps. Th. 83, 6. Ðý sylfan dæge, Exon. Th. 71, 12; Cri. 1154: Menol. Fox 94; Men. 47. Dón ðæt selfe, Past. 44, 3; Swt. 323, 21. Ðæt seolfe, L. E. G. proem.; Th. i. 166, 9. Hí cumaþ tógeánes Antecriste . . . and beóþ ofslegen þurh ðone sylfan feónd, Ælfc. T. Grn. 3, 45. On ða sylfan tíde, Blickl. Homl. 171, 19. Heó tófereþ ðæt sár; ðæt sylfe heó déþ mid wíne gecnucud. Lchdm. i. 190, 18: Ps. Th. 81, 3: 83, 6 : 128, 1. His freónda forspǽc forstent him eal ðæt sylfe, swylce hit sylf spǽce, Wulfst. 38, 17. (β) alone :-- Ic mé on múþe mægene hæbbe, and ic sódfæst word on sylfan healde, Ps. Th. 118, 43. On selfe wísan in the same fashion, Lchdm. ii. 72, 17. [Goth. silba: O., Frs. O. Sax. O. L. Ger. self: O. H. Ger. selp: Icel. sjálfr.] v. selfe.
self-ǽta, an; m. An eater of those belonging to its own species, (applied to man) a cannibal, anthropophagus:-- Ðú scealt féran . . . ðǽr sylfǽtan eard weardigaþ . . . swá is ðære menigo þeáw, ðæt hié uncúðra ængum ne willaþ feores geunnan, Andr. Kmbl. 350; An. 175.
self-ǽte, an; f. A plant name, wild oat(?) :-- Selfǽte, eoforþrote, Lchdm. ii. 312, 15. Wyl on buteran selfǽtan, 80, 13. [Cockayne cites O. H. Ger. selbéza senecion, in. 344, col. 1.]
self-bana, an; m. One who kills himself, a suicide:-- Selfbona bictonatus (l. biothanalus, qui mortem sibi ipsi consciscit aut qui violenta morte peril). Wrt. Voc. ii. 126, 10. Selfbonan biolhanatas, 11. 69. Seolfbonan (-boran, MS.), 101, 74. Selfbanan biothanatos, Hpt. Gl. 469, 26.
self-cwalu, e; f. Self-slaughter, suicide:-- Sum sceal ful earmlíce ealdre linnan . . . and hine tó sylfcwale secgas nemnaþ speak of him as committing suicide, Exon. Th. 330, 24; Vy. 56. [Cf. We scole witan, þet nan seolfcwale, þet is aʒensclaʒa, ne cumeð to godes riche, O. E. Homl. i. 103, 3.]
self-, selfe-déma, an; m. One who depends upon his own judgment [cf. ǽlc ídel mon liofaþ æfter his ágenum dóme, Past. 39; Swt. 283, 21], used of a certain kind of monks called sarabaitae, monachi qui nulla regula approbati . . . proprio arbitratu vivunt :-- Þridde cyn is muneca ealra atelucost, sylfdémena (sarabaitarum), ðe nó on regules and láreówa tǽcinge ne beóþ áfandode, swá swá gold on heorðe . . . Ðæt feórþe muneca cyn ðe is wídscriþul genæmned . . . hié synt wyrsan ðænne ða sylfedéman (sylf-, MS. T.), R. Ben. 9, 10-10, 2. Hý áscyriaþ hý sylfe fram mynsterlícum þeáwum and heora ágenum lustum filiaþ, hý sint Egyptiscan gereorde genemnede sarabagite oððe renuite, ðæt ys sylfedéman and wiðersacan, 136, 12. [Cf. Icel. sjálf-dæmi judgment given in a case by one of the parties themselves.]
selfe; adv. In the same way, in combination with swá: cf. gelíce, same :-- Hé forlǽt lífes frumsceaft and his ágene æðelo swá selfe. Met. 17, 25. Hæfþ ða wilnunga welhwilc néten and ða yrsunga eác swá selfe, 20, 192, 199. [Cf. O. Sax. só self also, likewise; O. H. Ger. só selp (só), selp só sic, sicut.]
self-lic; adj. Of one's own accord, spontaneous, voluntary:-- Selflíces spontaneae, ultroneae, voluntariae, Hpt. Gl. 436, 75.
self-líce, es; n. Self-love, self-complacency, self-satisfaction, -conceit, arrogance:-- Ðonne ðæt selflíce gegriépþ ðæt mód þæs recceres amor proprius cum rectoris mentem ceperit, Past. 19, 1; Swt. 143, 5. Ðonne áhefþ hé hine on his móde . . . mid ðý selflíce se Déma biþ geniéded tó ðæm ierre, 4, 2; Swt. 39, 10. Ðæm lytegan is ǽresð tó beleánne hiera selflíce ðæt hié ne wénen ðæt hié sién wiése . . . hé biþ ǽr úpáhæfen on selflíce for his lotwrencium in sapientibus hoc primum destruendum est, quod se sapientes arbitrantur, 30, 1; Swt. 203, 9, 18. Ðýlæs hé sié áhafen on his móde and on oferméttum áþunden and þurh ðæt selflíce his gódan weorc forleóse ne perfecta opera tumor elationis extinguat, proem.; Swt. 25, 7. Hé hiene up áhefeþ on his móde on suelc gielp and on suelc selflíce se apud se per arrogantiam exaltat, 11, 4; Swt. 71, Ðæt freódóm ne gewende on selflíce and on ofermétto at libertas in superbiam non erumpat, 19, 3; Swt. 147, 3. Upáhafene þurh selflíce. Bt. 3, 4; Fox 6, 25.
self-líce; adj. Self-satisfied, self-complacent, conceited, arrogant:-- Oft se welega and se wædla habbaþ suá gehweorfed hira þeáwum ðæt se welega biþ eáðmód and sorgfull and se wædla biþ upáhæfen and selflíce plerumque personarum ordinem permutat qualitas morum, ut sit dives humilis, sit pauper elatus, Past. 26, 2; Swt. 183, 11. Selflícne secg the self-satisfied man, Met. Introd. 7.
self-myrþe (?); adj. Self-destructive:-- Betweónan sylfmyrþe inter biothonatas, Wrt. Voc. ii. 80, 2. v. next word.
self-myrþere (?), es; m. One who destroys himself, a suicide:-- Betweónan selfmyrþras (-an ? but cf. Icel. myrða to murder: O. H. Ger. murdit jugulal: Ger. morden) inter biolhanatas, Wrt. Voc. ii. 46, 61. Cf. self-bana.
self-sceaft, es; m. Self-shaping, spontaneous generation, applied to Adam, who had not father and mother :-- Adam maþelode ðǽr hé on eorþan stód selfsceafte guma a man by spontaneous generation. Cd. Th. 33, 20; Gen. 523.
self-will, es; n. (?) Self-will, one's own will, free-will:-- Be ðám ðe beóþ hyra sylfwilles (sua sponte) gefullode, L. Ecg. C. 17, tit.; Th. ii. 128, 30. Be selfwille ultro, Wrt. Voc. ii. 73, 27. Getǽc mé sumne mann ðara ðe ðé gesǽlegost þince and on his selfwille sý swíðost gewiten who most has had things his own way, Bt. 11. 1; Fox 32, 16. Gif ðú ne wilt wirde steóran ac on selfwille sígan lǽtest if thou wilt not guide fate, but lettest her go at her own will, Met. 4, 50. [Cf. O. H. Ger. (pí) selpwillin sponte, ultro; Icel. með, at sjálfvilja of one's own will.] v. self-willes.
self-wille; adj. Voluntary, spontaneous:-- Mid selfwilre spontanea, Hpt. Gl. 415, 11: spontaneo, volunlario, 439, 11. For ðan self-willan propter spontaneum, 413, 33. [Goth. silba-wiljós voluntarii, 2 Cor. 8, 3.]
self-willende; adj. Voluntary:-- Rén sylfwillendne pluviam voluntariam, Ps. Lamb. 67, 10 [Goth. silba-wiljandi galaith sua sponte profectus est,2 Cor. 8, 17: Icel. sjálf-viljandi.]
self-willes; adv. Voluntarily, of one's own accord:-- Selfwilles ultro, Wrt. Voc. ii. 92, 74. Sylfwilles sponte, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Zup. 234, 19: ultro, Zup. 237, 2. (1) of persons :-- Drihten ðe on róde Selfwilles þrowode, H. R. 17, 21. Ealle hyra unlustas hí sceolon gebétan sylfwylles on ðyssum lífe, oððe unþances æfter ðyssum lífe, Homl. Th. i. 148, 27, Wrýt nú sylfwylles ðæt ðú wiðsace Criste, Homl. Skt. i. 3, 379. Hé sylfwilles menniscnesse underféng, Wulfst. 15, 12. Hé gǽþ sylfwilles twá míla tó ánre geneádod, R. Ben. 28, 6. (2) of things :-- Ðonne his wæstmas weaxaþ sylfwilles quae sponte gignet humus, Lev. 25, 5. Sylfwilles (ultra) seó eorþe wæstm beraþ, Mk. Skt. 4, 28. v. self-will.
selian, sélla. v. sylian, sél.
sella, an; m. A giver:-- Ðone glædan syllan hilarem datorem, R. Ben. Interl. 25, 6.
sellan, sillan, sylian; p. salde, sealde; pp. sald, seald To give something (acc.) to somebody (dat.). I. of voluntary giving, to put. into the possession of a person, transfer ownership from one to another :-- Ic sello Werburge ðás lond, Chart. Th. 480, 30: 481, 5. Ðæt land ic sylle eów tó ágenne, Ex. 6, 8. Ealle ðás rícu ic sylle (sello, Lind.: selle, Rush.) ðé, Mt. Kmbl. 4, 9. Ðú sáwlum selest ginfæsta gifa, Met. 20, 226. Eówer Fæder syleþ (selleþ, Rush.) gód ðám ðe hyne biddaþ, Mt. Kmbl. 7, 11. Hig wǽron ðíne, and ðú hý sealdest mé, Jn. Skt. 17, 6. Salde inpendebat (cf. geben wæs inpendebatur, 21), Wrt. Voc. ii. in, 24. Ecgbryht salde Basse mæsseprióste Reculf mynster on tó tymbranne, Chr. 669; Erl. 34, 25. Hié saldon hiera nefum Wichte eálond, 534; Erl. 14, 33. Ðeáh Balac mé sille goldes án hús full, Num. 22, 18. Hí ne mágon sellan ðæt hí gehátaþ, Bt. 16, 1; Fox 90, 16. Nelle gé syllan (sella, Lind.) ðæt hálige hundum, Mt. Kmbl. 7, 6. Gé cunnun góde sylena eówrum bearnum syllan (sellan, Rush.), 7, 11. Biþ sald dabitur, Kent. Gl. 338. II. to give what one is bound to give, to pay tribute, offer, dedicate to God :-- Sylle mé ðín forme bearn. Dó eall swá of hríðerum . . . syle (reddas) hit mé on ðam ehtuþan dæge, Ex. 22, 29, 30. Norþmonnum niéde sceoldon gombon gieldan and gafol sellan, Cd. Th. 119, 12; Gen. 1978. Gafol syllan, Chr. 1006; Ell. 141, 10. Hí willaþ eów tó gafole gáras syllan, Byrht. Th. 133, 7; By. 46. Hié næfdan for him lamb tó syllenne, Blickl. Homl. 23, 26. III. to give, furnish or supply with food, medicine, poison, etc. -- Hwá sylþ ús flǽsc ? . . . Drihten eów silþ flǽsc and gé etaþ, Num. 11. 18. Byrelas sealdon wín of wunderfatum, Beo. Th. 2327; B. 1161. Hié him sealdon áttor drinccan, Blickl. Homl. 229, 16: Ealle ða mettas ge drincan ða ðe habban hát mægen and scearp sele þicgean, Lchdm. ii. 184, 10 (often in Leechdoms). Him man metsunge syllan sceolde. Chr. 1006; Erl. 141, 10. Hé wolde syllan his assan fóddur, Gen. 42, 27. III a. with infin. instead of acc.:-- Hwílum ic deórum drincan selle. Exon. Th. 393, 25; Rä. 13, 5. Gehwylc mé drincan sealde, 484, 24; Rä. 71, 6. IV. to give one thing for another. (a) to sell for (wið) a price :-- Ic sylle wið wirðe vendo, Ælfc. Gr. 28, 8; Zup. 181, 17. Hwí ne sealde heó ðás sealfe wið þrím hundred penegon, Jn. Skt. 12, 5. Sume man wið feó sealde, Chr. 1036; Erl. 164, 34: Blickl. Homl. 79, 22. (b) to sell at (to) a price :-- Sélre ys ðæt wé hine syllon tó ceápe Ysmahélitum, Gen. 37, 27. (c) to sell:-- Hé sylþ (vendit) eall ðæt hé áh, Mt. Kmbl. 13, 44. Hé worhte his weorc tó seofon nihtum, and sealde on ðone Sæternesdæg, Homl. Th: ii. 356, 6. Hí sealdon heora gymstánas, i. 62, 21. Ne eów ne ofþince ðæt gé mé sealdon (vendidistis) on ðis ríce, Gen. 45, 5. Syllaþ (vendite) ðæt gé ágon, Lk. Skt. 12, 33. Nán man hig ná undeóror ne sylle (sille, MS. D.); and gif hwá hí undeóror sylle, gilde ǽgðer .xl. scillinga, ge se ðe hí sylle ge se ðe hí bycge, L. Edg. ii. 8; Th. i. 270, 3-6. Móna se óðer on eallum þingum tó dóndum nytlíc ys, bicgan, syllan, scip ástígan, Lchdm. iii. 184, 13. Ða syllendan vendentes, Lk. Skt. 19, 45. (d) to give in payment :-- Hé sealde his ðone reádan gim, ðæt wæs his ðæt hálige blód, mid ðon hé ús gedyde dǽlnimende ðæs heofonlícan ríces. Blickl. Homl. 9, 36. Eall ðæt feoh ðe hié wið ðæm weorce sellan woldon, Ois. 4, 12; Swt. 210, 4. Syllan feoh wið freóde, Byrht. Th. 132, 58; By. 39. V. (a) to give into the keeping of, hand over, deliver, commit, entrust:-- Gif ðú mé sylst underwedd, Gen. 38, 17. Ic befæste ðé ðæt eówde ðæt ðú mé sealdest, Blickl. Homl. 191, 27. Hé hire sáule sealde Sarcte Michahele, 147, 13. Hé sealde his sweord ombihtþegne, Beo. Th. 1349; B. 672. Hié sealdon ánum unwísum þegne Miercna ríce tó haldanne, and hé him gíslas salde, Chr. 874; Erl. 76, 26-28. Hié sealdon hiera suna tó gíslum they gave their sons as hostages, Ors. 4, 11; Swt. 204, 4. Hí on wedde sealdon, hwæt hý hyre syllan woldon. Homl. As. 196, 24. Ðá wæs ic mid gýmenne mínra mága seald tó fédanne and tó lǽranne Abbude Benedicte, Bd. 5, 23; S. 647, 22. (b) to give a woman to be a man's wife :-- Ðá wolde se fæder hí sellan sumum æþelon men tó brýde. Shrn. 31, 6. Nyme hé hig tó rihtwífe. Gif se fæder hig him syllan nelle, Ex. 22, 17. (c) to give over to a hostile power, deliver up to. (1) with dat. :-- Ne syle (tradas) ðú unscyldigra sáwla deórum, Ps. Th. 73, 18. Ðý læs ðe ðín wiðerwinna ðé sylle ðám déman, and se déma ðé sylle ðam þéne, Mt. Kmbl. 5, 25. (2) without dat.:-- Ne syle mé ne ne send mé mid ðám synfullan ne tradas me cum peccatoribus, Ps. Th. 27, 3. (3) with prepositions :-- Hé sealde on edwít ðe mé ǽr trǽdan. Ps. Th. 56, 3. Hé sealde his folc sweordes under ecge, 77, 62. Ne syle mé tó ðara módes willan, 26, 14. Ne ðú mé ne syle on ðone biterestan deáþ, Blickl. Homl. 229, 26. Ne syle ðú mé in wíta forwyrd. Frag. Kmbl. 14; Leás. 9. Mannes sunu ys tó syllenne on manna handa, Mt. Kmbl. 17, 22. (4) with dat. and prep. :-- Drihten him sealde da burh on his handa, Jos. 10, 32. (d) with a bad sense, to deliver wrongfully, to betray; cf. colloquial to sell a person. Mannes sunu þú mid cosse sylst (seles, Rush.: selles, Lind.), Lk. Skt. 22, 48. Nú is gehende se ðe mé sylþ (seleþ, Rush.: selleþ, Lind.), Mk. Skt. 14, 42. Ðæt mon ne selle his weorðscipe fremdum menn, Past. 36; Swt. 249, 21. VI. to give up, yield up:-- Hé feorh seleþ he dies, Beo. Th. 2745; B. 1370. VII. to give forth, produce, be the source of:-- Ne seleþ ðé wæstmas eorþe. Cd. Th. 62, 17; Gen. 1015. Sume sealdon (saldun, Rush.: saldon, Lind.) wæstm, Mt. Kmbl. 13, 8. God lǽteþ hrusan syllan blǽda beornum, Runic pm. Kmbl. 341, 23; Rún. 12. VII a, to give light, emit sound :-- Sylle se friccea his stefne, Blickl. Homl. 163, 31. Leóht sellan, Bt: 6; Fox 14, 23. VIII. where the object is immaterial, (a) to give an answer, a pledge, a promise, etc. :-- Ic eów treówa míne selle, Cd. Th. 92, 29; Gen. 1536. Ic ðé wǽre míne selle, 132, 35; Gen. 2203. For ðínum gebode ðe ðú mé sealdest, Blickl. Homl. 241, 33. Se Hǽlend him ne sealde náne andsware, Jn. Skt. 19, 9. Hí sealdon áþas, Met. 1, 24. Him lof syllaþ, Ps. Th. 65, 1. Heora ǽlc sylle ðone áþ, ðæt . . ., L. Edg. S. 6; Th. i. 274, 15. ¶ where the object is expressed by a clause :-- Ic eów beháta and on hand selle, dæt gé sculon finden reste eowre sáwlen, Homl. As. 171. 29. Ðæt hý ealle ðam sémende syllan, ðæt cyninges mund stande, L. E. G. 12; Th. i. 174, 22. Slaga sceal his forspecan on hand syllan, and se forspeca mágum, ðæt se slaga wille bétan wið mǽgþe. Ðonne gebyreþ ðæt man sylle ðæs slagan forspecan on hand, ðæt se slaga móte mid griþe weddian, L. Edm. S. 7; Th. i. 250, 14-17. (b) to give leave, consent, forgiveness, etc. :-- Ðyssum wordum óðer ealdormann geþafunge sealde (tribuens assensum), Bd. 2, 13; S. 516, 13. Hé him ne sealde leáfe. Homl. Th. ii. 380, 5. Nis nán tweó ðæt hé forgifnesse syllan nelle ðám ðe hié geearnian willaþ, Blickl. Homl. 65, 8. (c) to give help, pain, peace, victory, etc. :-- Ic ðé míne sylle sibbe, Andr. Kmbl. 194; An. 97. Ðú sylest úrum leomum ræste, Blickl. Homl. 141, 11. Se ðe sigor seleþ, Cd. Th. 170, 5; Gen. 2808. Sile ðíne áre ðínum earminge, Hy. 2, 3. Ús fultum sile, 7, 80. Gif Drihten him sige syllan wolde, Bd. 3, 24; S. 556, 18. Ne biþ ðæm seald Drihtnes mildheortnes, Blickl. Homl. 49, 24. ¶ where the object is expressed by a clause :-- Ne syleþ hé só;ðfæstum, ðæt him ýþende mód innan hreðre. Ps. Th. 54, 22. Gúþláce engel sealde, ðæt him sweðraden synna lustas, Exon. Th. 109, 1; Gú. 83. Syle mé, ðæt ðú mé generige níða gehwylces, Ps. Th. 118, 169. (d) to give punishment, reward :-- Sealde him wítes clom, Cd. Th. 193, 11; Sat. 453. Leán sellende eallum, 240, 34; Dan. 396. (e) to give, endow with a capacity, life, sight, understanding, etc. :-- Ðú sylest andgit eallum eorþbúendum, Ps. Th. 118, 130. Ðú man geworhtest and him sealdest word and gewitt and wæstma gecynd, Hy. 9, 56. Ðú sealdest ǽlcre gecynde ágene wísan, 7, 66. Sealde hé dumbum gesprec, Andr. Kmbl. 1153; An. 577. Syle mé heortan clǽne, Ps. Grn. 50, 11. Æghwylc ðe him eágna gesihþ cyning syllan wolde, Exon. 350, 22; Sch. 67. Ðé biþ éce líf seald, Elen. Kmbl. 1052; El. 527. ¶ with the gerund :-- Heáh geweorc furþor áspyrgen ðonne him freá sylle tó ongietanne, Exon. Th. 348, 17; Sch. 29. (f) to give one's heart to a person :-- Nemne ic Gode sylle hýrsumne hige, Exon. Th. 124, 12; Gú. 338. [Goth. saljan to offer: O. Frs. sella to give, sell, pay: O. Sax. sellian to give: O. H. Ger. sellan traders: Icel. selja to hand over, to sell.] v. á-, be-, for-, ge-, ymb-sellan; un-seald.
sellend, es ; m. I. a giver:-- God gódra mægna sellend (dator), Rtl. 103, 36. Sigora sellend (the Deity), Exon. Th. 282, 24; Jul. 668; 359, 10; Pa. 64. Syllend, 284, 30; Jul. 705. Drihten se is ordfruma and syllend (largitor) ealra eádignesse, Bd. 4, 30; S. 609, 17. Hihton hí on God, ðæra góda syllend. Homl. Th. ii. 328, Hé lufaþ ðone glædan syllend, 212, 9. II. a betrayer:-- Se sellend his traditor ejus, Mk. Skt. Lind. Rush. 14, 44. v. ǽ-sellend.
sel-líc, selma, selmerige, selnes, sélost, sélra, seltra. v. seld-líc, sealma, sælmerige, seleness, sél, sæltna.
séma, an; m. An arbitrator, umpire:-- Séma (sýma, síma) sequester, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 18; Zup. 43, 16. v. séman.
séman; p. de; pp. ed. I. with acc. of person, (1) to bring to an agreement those who have a dispute :-- Ðá hét hé hié séman. Ðá wæs ic ðara monna sum ðe ðǽrtó genemned wǽran . . . Ðá wé hié sémdan then bade the king to bring them (the parties in a dispute about some land) to an agreement. Then was I one of the men who were nominated for the purpose . . . When we had brought them to an agreement. Chart. Th. 170, 6-35. (2) to satisfy a person in a matter of doubt or difficulty :-- Séme ic ðé recene ymb ða wrætlícan wiht, Salm. Kmbl. 504; Sal. 252. II. with acc. of thing, to settle a dispute :-- Hí sace sémaþ, sibbe gelǽraþ, Exon. Th. 334, 22; Gn. Ex. 20. III. used intransitively, to arbitrate, bring about agreement:-- Nán sacu ðe betweox preóstan sí ne beó gescoten tó worldmanna sóme, ac séman and sibbian heora ágene geféran, L. Edg. C. 7; Th. ii. 246, 6. Gif hé healt weorð, ðǽr mótan freónd séman, L. Ethb. 65; Th. i. 18, 14. v. geséman; sóm.
sémend, sǽmend, es; m. One who brings about agreement between parties in a dispute, an arbitrator, umpire :-- Ðæt hý ealle gemǽnum handum of ǽgðere mǽgþe on ánum wǽpne ðam sémende syllan, ðæt cyninges munde stande, L. E. G. 12; Th. i. 174, 22. Ymb .iii. niht; gesécæn hiom sǽmend, L. H. E. 10; Th. i. 30, 18. v. preceding word.
sémestre, semian, semle. v. seámestre, seomian, symble.
semnendlíce adv. By chance, fortuitously:-- Semnendlíce fortuito, Wrt. Voc. ii. 37, 10 : 80, 40 : fortuis, 84, 78.
semninga, senap. v. samnunga, senep.
senatus the senate, senators. The treatment of this word in the translation of Orosius is somewhat exceptional. The Latin form senatus occurs in the nom. and acc., but in the former senatas, senatum, and in the latter senatum, senatos are also used; in the gen. senatuses, senatusa are found, and in the dat. senatum; in every case but one (?) the word is plural. The Latin senator is also used, though the word witan is generally employed to denote the senators :-- Sceoldon ealle hiera senatus (senatas, Bos. 43, 5) cuman . . . sceoldon hiera senatus (-as) rídan, . Ors. 2, 4; Swt. 70, 24, 28. Ealle heora senatus senatores, 4, 9; Swt. 190, 19. Ealle ða senatus omnis senatus, 5, 12; Swt. 240, 13. Ðá wolde án (woldan, Bos. 70, 36) senatus hiene áweorpan . . . Ðá bæd his fæder ðæt ða senatum (altered to senatus in other MSS.) forgeáfen ðæm suna ðone gylt, 3, 10; Swt. 140, 14-16. Se consul bæd ðætte senatus him fultum sealdon, 4, 9; Swt. 192, 22. Ða senatus him hæfden ða dǽd forboden . . . Ne mehten ða senatus nǽnne consul under him findan, 4, 10; Swt. 196, 7 -- 10. Búton his ágnum fultume and búton ðara senatuses, 5, 12; Swt. 242, 1. Hé forneáh nánne ðara senatusa ne lét cucne plurimos senatorum ad mortem coegit, 6, 2; Swt. 256, 1. (Cf. Ðara senatornm xxxv triginta quinque senatores, 6, 4; Swt. 260, 23 : 6, 14; Swt. 268, 28. ) Hé sende tó ðǽm senatum ðæt hé ðæt irre gesette wið hié, 4, 11; Swt. 206, 26: 2, 6; Swt. 88, 12. Hé hit sǽde ðǽm senatum, ða wurdon hié alle wið hiene wiðerwearde senatus indignations motus, 6, 2; Swt. 254, 25: 5, 12; Swt. 244, 16. Romulus gesette senatum, 2, 4; Swt. 70, 36. Ðéh hé hit wið ða senatus hǽle, 4, 10; Swt. 196, 16. Hé sette senatus, 5, 12; Swt. 242, 28. Ðæt hé sprǽce wið ða senatos (-us other MSS.), 4, 11; Swt. 206,, 29: 4, 13; Swt. 210, 16: 5, 5; Swt. 226, 16.
sencan; p. te; pp. ed. I. to sink (trans.), plunge, immerse :-- Wæs his gewuna ðæt hé hine on ðam streáme sencte solebat in flumine supermeantibus undis immergi, Bd. 5, 12; S. 631, 22. II. to submerge, flood with water :-- Abraham wolde his sunu cwellan folmum sínum fýre(?)sencan mǽges dreóre [flood the pile with his son's blood), Cd. Th. 176, 4; Gen. 2906. Ne biþ flód tó sencende (tó stencende (?) dissipans) ða eorþan. Gen. 9, 11. [Forte reauin hire bodi and i þea sea senchen, Jul. 79, 1. Goth. saggkwjan : O. Sax. be-senkian; O. H. Ger. sencan mergere: Icel. sökkva.] v. á-, be-, ge-sencan.
sendan; p. sende; pp. sended, send To send, cause to go. I. where the object is a living thing, (i) to send after (æfter), on an errand, for a purpose, despatch:-- Ic sende ǽrendracan tó mínum hláforde. Gen. 32, 5. Ic eów sende swá swá sceáp gemang wulfas. Mt. Kmbl. 10, 16. Hé sent ǽrendracan, Lk. Skt. 14, 32. God sendeþ his engla gástas tó ǽrendwrecum, Blickl. Homl. 203, 14. Hé úsic sendeþ ðæt wé sóðfæstra mód oncyrren, Exon. Th. 261, 34; Jul. 325. Ða twegen leorningcnihtas ðe Crist sende æfter ðam assan, Homl. Th. i. 206, 23. Ðá sendon hí him hyra leorningcnihtas tó, Mt. Kmbl. 22, 16. Gif ðú wylt hine mid ús sendan, Gen. 43, 4. Hé mé on ðisne sið sendan wolde, Exon. Th. 460, 35; Hö. 27. Se ðe englas gehét wið mé tó sendenne, Blickl. Homl. 181, 26. Fram Gode hé is send, 247, 19. Óþ ðæt ðú gefylle ðíne þegnunge tó ðære ðe ðú sended eart, 233, 28; Hé senden (?) wæs tó hádianne, and Wilfreþ on Gallia ríce tó hádianne sended wæs. Bd. 4, 2; S. 566, 12, 13. Ðá wæs culufre sended, Cd. Th. 88, 13; Gen. 1464. Ealle Drihtnes apostolas beóþ sende ðé tó bebyrgenne, Blickl. Homl. 137, 27. (2) with a sense of compulsion or violence, to send to prison, into exile, etc. :-- Se ðec on wræc sendeþ, Cd. Th. 251, 26; Dan. 569. Se ðec sendeþ in ða sweartestan wítebrógan, Elen. Kmbl. 1858; El. 931. Hé hine on fýr and on wæter sende, Mk. Skt. 9, 22. Wé iii hæfdon cniehtas gebunden in fýres leóman, nú ic ðǽr iiii men sende tó síðe (cf. geseó tó sóðe in the version given. Cd. Th. 242, 8; Dan. 416), Exon. Th. 196, 16; Az. 175. Ðara ðe hé of hleó sende, Cd. Th. 7, 7; Gen. 102. Hié mé sendon on ðis carcern, Blickl. Homl. 237, 31. Hé wile ða sáula sendan on éce wítu, 95, 4: 125, 2. Wé wǽron on ðysne wræcsíþ sende, 23, 6. II. where the object is not a living creature, to send a message, present, help, etc. :-- Ðú senst úrne hláf dæghwamlíce, Hy. 7, 68. Dryhten sendeþ þurh monnes hond míne þearfe, Exon. Th. 121, 22; Gú. 292. Meotud monnum dǽleþ, syleþ sundorgiefe, sendeþ wíde ágne spéde, 293 23; Crá. 5. Sende ic Wylfingum ealde mádmas, Beo. Th. 946; B. 471. Ðé sende God ðás helpe. Cd. Th. 33, 15; Gen. 520. Sende ðá his béne fore bearn Godes, Andr. Kmbl. 3224; An. 1615. Sendon hira béne fore bearn Godes, 2055; An. 1030. Þinga gehwylces ðara ðe ðú mé sendan wylle tó cunnunge, Exon. Th. 453, 32; Hy. 4, 23. Ǽrendgewrit suelce hit from ús send sié, Past. 32; Swt. 213, 18. III. to send, move to a place of rest, put, lay:-- Ic sende míne hond on ðás fǽmnan I will lay my hand on this woman, Shrn. 130, 27. Ðú sáwle sendest intó ðam flǽsce, Hy. 7, 4. Ðonne se wæstm hine forþbringþ, sóna hé sent his sicol. Mk. Skt. 4, 29. Sumum wordlaþe sendeþ on his módes gemynd Exon. Th. 41, 32;Cri, 664. In eorþan fæþm sendaþ líchoman, 231, 12; Ph. 488. Ælmihtig eácenne gást in sefan sende, Cd. Th. 246, 28; Dan. 486 : Beo. Th. 3688; B. 1842. Hié sendon ráp on his sweoran. Blickl. Homl. 241, 24. Ðæt on ðone hálgan handa sendan fæderas ússe, Elen. Kmbl. 912; El. 457. Uton sendon ráp on his swyran, Blickl. Homl. 241, 10. IV. with a stronger sense of motion, to send a missile, cast lots, throw, hurl:-- (a) Ðonne sceótend sendaþ flángeweorc, Exon. Th. 42, 20; Cri. 675. 'Nú, anlícnes, sænd mycel wæter þurh þínne múþ.' Sió onlícnes sendde mycel wæter þurh hiora múþ, Blickl. Homl. 245, 20-24. Gúþfrecan gáras sendon in heardra gemang, Judth. Thw. 24, 35; Jud. 224. Hié sendon hlot him betweónum, Blickl. Homl. 229, 5. Send ðé nyþer of ðisse heánesse, 27, 12. Ðá hét ic feá strǽla sendan in ða burh innan. Nar. 10, 22. Hé geseh ða welegan hyra lác sendan on ðone sceoppan, Lk. Skt. 21, 1. Sendende hyra nett on ða sǽ, Mt. Kmbl. 4, 18. Seó strǽl wæs sended, Blickl. Homl. 199, 22. (b) of the operations of Nature, to send rain, fire, etc. :-- Drihten sende regn. Cd. Th. 82, 33; Gen. 1371. Him brego engla wylmhátne líg tó wræce sende, 156, 6; Gen. 2584. God eástan sende leóhtne leóman, Judth. Thw. 24, 16; Jud. 190. Sceolde hé sendan þunras and lýgetu. Bt. 35, 4; Fox 162, 13. Ic sendan gefrægn swegles aldor swefl of heofonum. Cd. Th. 153, 17; Gen. 2540. (c) to send punishment, pestilence, etc. :-- Drihten sende on hié máran wræce. Blickl. Homl. 79, 9. Ðæt God wolde sendan hungor and ádla on manna ceáp. Wulfst. 209, 28. V. to send forth, emit a sound :-- Heofenfuglas sendaþ stefne mycle dabunt voces suas, Ps. Th. 103, II. VI. where the object is not expressed, to send a message or a messenger. (1) to or after (tó, æfter) a person or thing, to send f or (æfter) :-- Hér sende se cyng tó ðam here. Chr. 1011; Erl. 144, 20: 1048; Erl. 180, 9. Ðá sende se cing æfter ðám scypon, 1049; Erl. 172, 39. Ðá sende se cyng æfter eallon his witan, 1048; Erl. 178, 13, Hí sendon on Perse æfter Conone, Ors. 3, 1; Swt. 98, 19. Ðá sendon hié on Affrice tó Cartaginenses æfter fultume, 4, 1; Swt. 160, 2. Ðæt hié tó Róme sendon tó ðæm pápan, Blickl. Homl. 205, 19. (2) where the person or thing sent to or for is not stated :-- Hí sendon geond eall ðæt land, and brohton tó him ealle untrume, Mt. Kmbl. 14, 35. [Goth. sandjan : O. Frs. senda : O. Sax. sendian : O. H. Ger. sentan : Icel. senda.] v. á-, ágén-, for-, fore-, geond-, in-, of-, ofer-, on-, tó-sendan.
sendeþ, Beo. Th. 1204; B. 600. v. scendan.
sendlíc; adj. To be sent:-- Ða sendlícan gebroðra on wege dirigendi fratres in viam, R. Ben. Interl. 113, 4.
sendness, e; f. A sending, dismission:-- Sendnessa missarum (Low Latin missa dimissio). Wrt. Voc. ii. 56, 71 : 80, 70.
senep (-ap, -op), es; m. Mustard:-- Senep sinapis, Wrt. Voc. i. 31, 47. Senap, 69, 20. On ða gelícnesse geworht ðe senop biþ getemprod tó inwísan. Lchdm. ii. 184, 22. Gelíc senepes corne, Mt. Kmbl. 13, 31 : Lk. Skt. 13, 19. Senepes sǽd. Mk. Skt. 4, 31: Lchdm. ii. 20, 11. Mid sinope gníde, 186, 6. Gerénodne senep, 184, 9 : 20, 22. [Goth. sinapis (gen.) : O. H. Ger. senaf: Ger. senf.]
senep-sǽd, es; n. Mustard-seed:-- Nim senepsǽd, Lchdm. iii. 88, 15.
sengan; p. de; p. ed To singe, scorch:-- Gýme eác swán ðæt hé æfter sticunge his slyhtswýn wel behweorfe, sæncge, L. R. S. 6; Th. i. 436, 16. [Chauc, senge; pp. seind : Prompt. Parv. sengiñ uslulare: O. Frs. senga : M. H. Ger. sengen : Du. zengen : cf. Icel. sangr burnt, scorched; sengja a singed taste.] v. be-sengan, unbesenged; singan.
sénian, senn, seuoþ, seó (pron.), seó (verb), v. segnian, synn, seonoþ, se, sí.
seó; gen. seón, seó; acc. seón, seó; f. m. (?) The pupil, apple of the eye:-- Seó pupilla vel pupula, Wrt. Voc. i. 43, 1: 64, 40 : papilla, papula, 282, 53, 54. Seó sceal in eágan, Exon. Th. 341, 8; Gn. Ex. 123. Ðæs (ðære?) seó hringc circulus, Wrt. Voc. i. 42, 72. Hé heóld hig swá his eágan seón (quasi pupillam oculi sui), Deut. 32, 10 : Ps. Spl. 16, 9. Seán, Ps. Surt. 16, 8. Sión, Kent. Gl. 177. Swylce hé hreppe ða seó mínes eágan, Homl. Th. i. 390, 15 : 516, 23. Seón pupillae, Wrt. Voc. i. 65, 8. Seóna pupillarum, Hpt. Gl. 404, 28. Sión pupillis. Lchdm. i. lxx, 6. Seóum, lxxiv, 7. [O. H. Ger. seha (acc. sehun. sehe, n. pl. seha, sehun, v. Grff. vi. 123) pupilla, acies.]
seóc ; adj. Sick, ill. I. of bodily infirmity or disease :-- Sum seóc man quidam languens. Jn. Skt. II, I. Se is seóc infirmatur, 3. Hé seóc wæs infirmabatur, 6. Seóc hé biþ ðe tó seldan ieteþ. Exon. Th. 340, 16; Gn. Ex. III. Seonobennum seóc, 328, 17; Vy. 19: Beo. Th. 5473; B. 2740 : 5800; B. 2904. Gif mon sý ðære healfdǽdan ádle seóc, Lchdm. ii. 284, 31. Seó lange mettrumnes ðæs seócan mannes, Blickl. Homl. 59, 28. Swá swá lǽca gewuna is ðonne hió seócne (siócne, Cott. MS.) mon gesióþ, Bt. 36, 4; Fox 178, 26. Ða ðe on sáre seóce lágun, Exon. Th. 83, 15; Cri. 1356. Feóllon wergend bennum seóce, Cd. Th. 118, 29; Gen. 1972. Seócra. manna hús nosocomium, Wrt. Voc. i. 58, 52. Ofer seóce (aegrotos) hí hyra handa settaþ and hí beóþ hále, Mk. Skt. 16, 18. ¶ used as a noun :-- þurh his hrepunge beóþ gestrangode ða unstrangan seócan, Homl. Skt. i. 7, 54. II. of moral disease :-- Hǽðne wǽron begen, synnum seóce, Exon. Th. 246, 21; Jul. 65. Gif hé his seócum ðæt is synfullum dǽdum ealle lácnunge gegearwade si morbidis eorum actionibus universa fuerit cura exibita, R. Ben. 11, 5. III. of mental disquiet, sick at heart, ill at ease, sad:-- Ne beó ðú on sefan tó seóc, Exon. Th. 166, 29; Gú. 1050. Seóc and sorhful, Cd. Th. 281, 20; Sat. 275. Ic ðysne sang síðgeómor fand on seócum sefan, Apstls. Kmbl. 3; Ap. 2. Wéna mé ðíne seóce gedydon, Exon. Th. 380, 26; Rä. I. 14. [Laym, seoc, seac, sec, sæc: Orm. seoc, sec: A. R. sec, sic: Chauc. sek, sik: Wick. seek, siik: Ayenb. zik: Prompt. Parv. seek: Goth. siuks: O. Sax. seok, siok, siak : O. Frs. siak, siek : O. H. Ger. sioh, siuh, sieh: Ger. siech : Icel. sjúkr.] v. bræc-, brægen-, deófol-, ellen-, fefer-, feónd-, feorh-, fylle-, gebræc-, gewit-, heaðu-, lifer-, lim-, milte-, mód-, món-, mónaþ-, morgen-, scín-, wæter-, wamb-, wan-, wit-seóc.
seócen (?); adj. Troubled with sickness:-- On ðás seócnan (seócan ?) tíd in this time of sickness, Exon. Th. 166, 11; Gú. 1041.
seócness, e; f. Sickness, illness, disease:-- Ðæt God wolde sendan ærest hungor and ádla on manna ceáp, ǽr ðæt fýr cóme on heó, and heó mid mislícre seócnesse æt mannum genyman. Wulfst. 209, 30. v. deóful-, fylle-, lifer-, mód-, mónaþ-, ofer-, wæter-seócness.
seód, es; m. A money-bag, purse, pouch:-- Seód marsupium vel marsippa (cf. marsupium a purse, 197, 16), Wrt. Voc. i. 40, 65: 83, 12. Kyninga seód fiscus, ii. 39, 80. Ðá ic eów sende bútan seóde (sacculo) and codde . . . Se ðe hæfþ seód gelíce nime codd. Lk. Skt. 22, 35, 36. Seódas marsupia, Hpt. Gl. 500, 40 : Wrt. Voc. ii. 55, 9. Siódas, 84, 37. Ðæt feoh ðæt hí hæfdon on heora seódurn, Homl. Skt. i. 23, 262. Seódas loculos, Wrt. Voc. ii. 52, 22 : 74, 18. Wyrcaþ seódas (seádas, Rush. : seádo, Lind. sacculos) ða ðe ne forealdigeaþ, Lk. Skt. 12, 33. Seádo loculos, Jn. Skt. Lind. 12, 6. Seódas, Blickl. Homl. 69, 11. [Icel. sjóðr a money-bag : cf. O. H. Ger. siut sutura.]
seód-cist, e; f. A coffer:-- Seódcist (seód, cist ?) loculum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 74, 46. Seódcyst, 52, 23.
seodu, seofa, seofan, seofen. v. sidu, sefa, seofon.
seófian, séfian, sýfian; p. ode. I. trans. To lament, complain of:-- His sylfes earfoþu hé seófaþ tó Drihtne, Ps. Th. 3, arg. Gilleþ geómorlíce and his gyrn séfaþ, Salm. Kmbl. 536; Sal. 267. Hé seófode his ungelimp tó Drihtne, Ps. Th. 7, arg.: 3, arg. Hleahtor álegdon sorge seófedon laughter they laid aside, woes they bewailed. Exon. Th. 116, 2; Gú. 201. Ne forlǽt hé nó ða seófunga ðæt hé ne seófige his eormþa humanum miseras haud ideo genus. cesset flere querelas, Bt. 7, 4; Bt. 22, 29. Sege mé hwæðer ðú mid rihte mǽge seófian (siófian, Cott. MS.) ðína unsǽlþa poterisne de infortunio jure caussari ? 10; Fox 28, 8. Ðonne hí sceoldan hiora sár siófian, ðonne grymetodan hí, 38, 1; Fox 194, 35 : Met. 26, 82. Ongan síðfæt seófian, sár cwánian, Exon. Th. 274, 22; Jul. 537. Synna bemǽnan and sárlíce sýfian (síf-, seóf-), Wulfst. 133, 14. Hú Boetius his sár seófiende wæs, Bt. tit. 2; Fox x, 4. ¶ with cognate accusative :-- Seó seófung ðe ðú siófodost the complaint you made, 41, 3; Fox 246, 26. II. intrans. To lament, complain of (be, ymbe):-- Hwæt (why) seófast ðú wið mé quid igifur ingemiscis ? Bt. 7, 3; Fox 20, 14. Hí seófiaþ be heora feóndum, Ps. Th. 10, arg. Be ludan Scarioth hé seófode tó Drihtne, 3, arg. Seófade, seáfade &l-bar; (ge)mǽnde ingemescens, Mk. Skt. Lind. Rush. 8, 12. Ceare seófedun ymb heortan, Exon. Th. 306, 20; Scef. 10. Ðá ongunnon ða híwan seófian be ðære untrumnysse cum familiares de infirmitate quererentur, Bd. 3, 9; S. 534, 6. Ne sceal hé sýfian (seófian, MS. T.) ne mǽnan ymb woruldspéda ne causetur de minore substantia, R. Ben. 14, 13. Seófende wæs maerens erat, Mk. Skt. Lind. Rush. 10, 22. Be ðæm Dryhten siófigende cwæð unde Dominus queritur dicens, Past. 48, 3; Swt. 369, 4. Sceal ic siófigende wópe gewǽged wreccea giómor singan sárcwidas flebilis moestos cogor inire modos, Met. 2, 2, III.uncertain :-- Sýfaþ causatur, i. querelatur, causam dicit, Wrt. Voc. ii. 130, 10. Seófade causavit, 130, 11, Sýfiende cupide, i. avare, 137, 36, 64. Seóbgendum querulis, 106, 9. [Cf. O. H. Ger. súftón gemere, ingemiscere, suspirare: Ger. seufzen.]
seofon, syfon; when used without a following noun it is declined, nom., acc. seofone; g. seofona; d. seofonum. Seven, (1) as adjective :-- Mid ús wǽron seofun (-on, MS. A.) gebróðru, Mt. Kmbl. 22, 25. Ða seofon gódan geár, Gen. 41, 53. His heres wæs seofon hund þusenda. Ors. 2, 5; Swt. 78, 10. Seofon nihta fyrst, Elen. Kmbl. 1385; El. 694. On ðám seofon wæstmbǽron geárum, Gen. 41, 47. Hé ábád óðre seofon dagas, 8, 10. Hé him tó genymþ seofun (-en, MS. A.: seofona, Lind.: siofun, Rush.) óðre gástas, Mt. Kmbl. 12, 45. (2) without a following noun :-- Ðá nam se þridda hig, and swá ealle seofone (-ene, MS. A.: seofono, Lind.: ða siofune, Rush.), Lk. Skt. 20, 31. Ealle seofon (-en, MS. A.: -an, MS. B.: ða seofona, Lind.: ða siofune, Rush.) hí hæfdon, Mk. Skt. 12, 22. Hwylces ðara seofona biþ ðæt wíf, 12, 23. Hwylces ðæra sufona (seofena, MS. A.: of ðæm seofonum, Lind.: ðara siofuna, Rush.), Mt. Kmbl. 22, 28. Ðá com seofona sum, Andr. Kmbl. 2623; An. 1313. Mid feáwum bróðrum, ðæt is seofonum oððe eahtum, Bd. 4, 3; S. 567, 4. Ðú seofone genim tudra gehwilces, Cd. Th. 80, 27; Gen. 1335. Geseh hé hyrdas standan seofone ætsomne. Andr. Kmbl. 1987; An. 996. Syfone, Beo. Th. 6235; 8. 3122. [Goth. sibun: O. Sax. siƀun: O. Frs. saven, sigun : O. H. Ger. sibun : Icel. sjau.]
seofon-feald; adj. Sevenfold:-- Seofonfeald wracu biþ sealde for Cain and hundseofontig seofonfeald for Lamech, Gen. 4, 24. Hé onbryrt úre mód mid seofonfealdre gife, Homl. Th. i. 326, 12. Gyld seofonfealde wrace, Ps. Th. 78, 13 : Gen. 4, 15. Him ofer wacedon syfanfealde weardes, Homl. Skt. i. 3, 271.
seofonfealdlíce; adv. Sevenfold, seven times:-- Geclásnad seofenfaldlíce purgatum septuplum, Ps. Surt. 11. 7: 78, 12.
seofon-leáfe, an; f. Seven-leaves, setfoil; potentilla tormentilla :-- Seofenleáfe. Ðeós wyrt ðe man eplafilon and óðrum naman septifolium nemneþ and eác sume men seofenleáfe. Lchdm. i. 232, 1-3. [Cf. O. H. Ger. sibun-blat heptaphyllon.]
seofon-nihte; adj. Seven days old:-- Se .vii. nihta móna is gód on tó fixiane, Lchdm. iii. 178, 13. On .vii. nihtne mónan, 178, 9.
seofon-stirre, es; n. The Pleiades:-- Sifunsterre (sibun-) pliadas, Txts. 86, 762. [Cf. O. H. Ger. sibun-stirni, -stirri, es; n. pliades, orion: Ger. sieben-gestirn : Icel. sjau-stirni; n. the Pleiades,]
seofonteópa, -teogoþa seventeenth:-- Se wæs seofonteogeþa fram Agusto, Bd. 1. 5; S. 476, 6. Ðý seofonteóþan dæge, 3, 24; S. 557, 12. On ðone seofenteóþan dæge ðæs mónþes, Gen. 7, 11. Seofontegðan, Shrn. 91, 32.
-seofontig. v. hund-seofontig.
seofon-tíne seventeen:-- Æfter seofentýnum nihtgerímes, Menol. Fox 50; Men. 25. Hé lyfode seofentýne gér, Gen. 47, 28. Seofontýne, Bd. 1. 5; S. 476, 7: 2, 15; S. 519, 13.
seofontíne-nihte; adj. Seventeen days old:-- On .xvii, nihte móne, Lchdm. iii. 180, 7.
seofon-wintre; adj. Seven years old:-- Mid ðý ic wæs seofonwintre cum essem annorum septem, Bd. 5, 23; S. 647, 21. Ic wæs syfanwintre, Beo. Th. 4847; B. 2428. Ðá ðá hé syfonwintre wæs, Homl. Skt. i. 3, 5. [Icel. sjau-vetra seven years old.]
seofoþa seventh:-- Tó ðære seofoþan (ðió seofunda, Lind.: ðý siofunda, Rush. ) tíde, Jn. Skt. 4, 52. Óþ ðone seofoþan (tó ðæm seofunda, Lind.: siofund, Rush.), Mt. Kmbl. 22, 26. On ðone seofeþan dæg, Gen. 2, 2.
seófung, e; f. Lamenting, complaining, complaint:-- Hwí biþ elles swelc seófung and swelce dómas unde forenses querimoniae ? Bt. 26, 2; Fox 92, 16. Ðis is seó ealde siófung ðe ðú longe siófodost (siófodes, Cott. MS.) vetus haec est querela, 41, 3; Fox 246, 25. Ne beó dó tó ceástful; of irsunge wyxt seófung. Prov. Kmbl. 23. Ic ne mæg ádreohan ðíne seófunga for ðam lytlan ðe ðú forlure. Bt. 11. 1; Fox 30, 20. Forlǽtan ða seófunga his eormþa miseras fugare querelas, 29, 3; Fox 106, 20: Met. 16, 7. v. sár-seófung; seófian.
seohhe, an; f. A strainer:-- Seohhe colatorium, Wrt. Voc. i. 24, 52. Man sceal habban seohhan, Anglia ix. 264, 18. [A mylke syne colum, Prompt. Parv. 79, note 1. A sigh-clout, Halliwell Dict. (under sie). Sye-dish a milk-strainer, E. D. S. Pub. country words, 6. Cf. O. H. Ger. sína colum, colatorium: Ger. seche: Icel. sía a strainer.] v. seón to strain, seohtre.
seoh-tor[r] (?), es; m. A look-out place (?) :-- Ofer ðone cnol tó ðæn seohtore (-torre?), Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 451, 14.
seohtre, sihtre, an; f. A pipe through which a small stream is directed, a drain:-- Andlang seohtran, Cod. Dip. B. i. 295, 11. Tó ðare reádan sihtran, 296, 28. In wǽtan sihtran (cf. síce, 382, 7); of ðam wǽtan síce, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 386, 10. Ad locum qui dicitur hylsan seohtra, 373, 12.
seol, seolc, seolcan, seolcen, seolc-wyrm, seolf. v. seolh, seoluc, áseolcan, seolucen, seoluc-wyrm, self.
seolfor, siolufr, silofr, sylfor (-er, -ut), es; n. Silver:-- Seolfor argentum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 8, 52. Seolfer, i. 85, 7. Seolfur, Ps. Th. 134, 15. Feówer hund scillinga seolfres. Gen. 23, 16. Fiftig yntsena seolfres, Deut. 22, 29. Hwítes seolfres. Jos. 7, 21. Silofres, Salm. Kmbl. 62, MS. B.; Sal. 31. Siolufres (siolofres, Cott. MSS.), Past. 37; Swt. 269, 4. Tó siolofre, Swt. 266. 10. Ic sealde siolfor (sylofr, Cott. MSS.), 48; Swt. 369, 6. Silofr, Swt. 368, 20. Hwítan seolfre bétan, Cd. Th. 165, 14; Gen. 2731. Sylfore, Exon. Th. 395, 4; Rä. 15, 2. Næbbe gé seolfer (sulfer, Lind.: sylfur, Rush.), Mt. Kmbl. 10, 9. Wénst dú ðæt wé ðínes hláfordes seolfor stǽlon, Gen. 44, 8. Sealde him tó bóte gangende feoh and glæd seolfor, Cd. Th. 164, 24; Gen. 2719. [Goth. silubr : O. Frs. selover, selver, silver: O. Sax. siluƀar, siloƀar: O. H. Ger. silabar, silbar: Icel. silfr.] v. cwic-seolfor.
seolfor-fæt, es; n. A vessel of silver:-- Seolforfatum argenteis vasis, Bd. 4, 1; S. 563, 21. [O. H. Ger. silbar-faz. Cf. Icel. silfr-bolli, and many similar cpds.]
seolfor-gewiht, es; m. Silver-weight, the scale of weight by which silver is weighed, where the pound is of sixteen ounces :-- Se sester sceal wegan twá pund be sylfyrgewyht, Lchdm. iii. 92, 14. v. sester, II.
seolfor-hammen; adj. Silver-coated:-- Ǽnne seolforhammenne blǽdhorn. Chart. Th. 559, 24.
seolfor-hilt; adj. Silver-hilted:-- Ic geann mínon bréðer ánes seolfer-hiltes swurdes, Chart. Th. 560, 10. Ðæs sealferhiltan swurdes ðe Ulfcytel áhte, 559, 13.
seolfor-hilted; adj. Silver-hilted:-- Twá seolforhilted sweord, Chart. Th. 544, 4.
seolfor-smiþ, es; m. A silver-smith, worker in silver:-- Seolforsmiþ argenlarius, Wrt. Voc. i. 73, 31. Seolfersmiþ, 47, 13. Ic hæbbe smiþas . . . seolforsmiþ habeo fabros . . . argentarium, Coll. Monast. Th. 29, 35. [O. H. Ger. silbar-smid: Icel. silfr-smiðr.]
seolfor-stycce, es; m. A piece of silver, a coin:-- Ðæt þrítig seolfor-sticca the thirty pieces of silver (given to Judas), Anglia xi. 8, 3.
seolfren, seolofren, seolfern, silfren, sylofren, sylfren; adj. Silvern, of silver:-- Sylofren sinc, Met. 21, 21. Glæsen fæt on seolfrenre racenteáge, Blickl. Homl. 209, 4. In seolfren fæt belúcan. Elen. Kmbl. 2050; El. 1026. Hafaþ silfren (seolofren, MS. B.) leáf, Salm. Kmbl. 129; Sal. 64. Nim mínne sylfrenan læfyl. Gen. 44, 2 : Bd. 1. 25; S. 487, 3. Seolferne silver coins, Mt. Kmbl. p. 20, 2. Sylfrenu (selfrenu, Cott. MS.) fatu, Bt. 36, 1; Fox 172, 19. Ða seolfrenan stánas, 34, 8; Fox 144, 31. Sweopum seolfrynum, Salm. Kmbl. 287; Sal. 143. Sylfrenum. Homl. Th. ii. 212, 30. Ne wyrce gé sylfrene godas, Ex. 20, 23: 3, 22. [Goth. silubreins: O. Frs. selvirn: O. Sax. silubrin: O. H. Ger. silbarín.]
seolfrian. v. be-, ofer-seolfrian.
seolh; gen. seoles; m. A seal, sealgh, selcht (v. Jamieson's Dict.), sea-calf:-- Seolh focca, Wrt. Voc. ii. 149, 81: bromus marinus, i. 22, 54: focus, 281, 58. Seol foca, 55, 79: focus, ii. 38, 48. Ðás wyrt onsænde seolh ofer sǽs hrygc. Lchdm. iii. 34, 15. Of seoles hýde, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 18, 18. Sioles, 18, 23. Seolas vituli marini, Bd. 1, 1; S. 473, 16. [O. H. Ger. selan : Icel. selr.]
seolh-bæþ, es; n. The seal's bath, the sea (cf. fisces, ganotes bæþ) :-- Mec wind wíde bær ofer seolhbaþo, Exon. 392, 21; Rä. 11, 11.
seolh-wæd (?), -pæð (?), es; n. The seal's ford, path, the sea:-- Hié on ýðum æðelinga wunn ofer seolhwaðu (-wadu ?, -paðu ?) geseón mihton, Andr. Kmbl. 3424; An. 1716. Cf. preceding word and mearc-pæð, -wæd.
seolh-ýða (?); pl. The waves where the seal swims:-- Oferswam ðá sioleða (siolýða ? cf. flóda, holma begang. Or (?) sioleþ still water. Cf. Goth. ana-silan : Swed. dial. sil still water. v. Heyne's note) bigong sunu Ecgþeówes, Beo. Th. 4723; B. 2367.
seoluc (-oc), seolc, es; m. Silk:-- Seolc sericum, Wrt. Voc. i. 40, 2. Gód geolo seoluc, Lchdm. ii. 10, 16 : 106, 22. Seowa mid seolce fæste, smire mid ðære sealfe ǽr se seoloc rotige, 56, 7-8: 358, 25. Heora wǽda sioloce siowian, Met. 8, 24. Gyf man mǽte ðæt hé seoluc oððe godweb hæbbe, Lchdm. iii. 174, 29. [Icel. silki. From Latin sericum (?). But see Kluge, Etymol. Wörterb. under seide.]
seolucen, seolcen; adj. Silken, of silk:-- Seolcen bombicinum, Wrt. Voc. i. 39, 72. Siolcen, ii. 11, 67: 75, 74. Seolcen gegerla bombicinium, 126, 50. Seolcen áb tramasericum, i. 40, 4. Seolce[n] hnygele platum, 40, 38. Silcen serica, Hpt. Gl. 417, 37. Seolocenra hrægla, Bt. 15; Fox 48, 11. v. eal-seolcen.
seoluc-wyrm, es; m. A silk-worm:-- Siolucwyrm bombix, Wrt. Voc. ii. 12, 22. Seolcwyrm, i. 24, 6 : 40, 1.
seomian, siomian, semian; p. ode To rest, (1) to remain suspended, to hang, to lower as a cloud :-- Hit bærneþ boldgetimbru, seomaþ steáp, Salm. Kmbl. 827; Sal. 413. Deorc deáþscúa seomade the dark shadow of death hung over them, Beo. Th. 324; B. 161. Sum sceal on galgan rídan, seomian æt swylte, Exon. 329, 14; Vy. 34. Mæst sceal on ceóle segelgyrd seomian the mast shall be fixed in a boat and the yard hang from it, Menol. Fox 509; Gn. C. 25. Hé siomian geseah segn, Beo. Th. 5527; B. 2767. Geseah deorc gesweorc semian, Cd. Th. 7, 20; Gen. 109. (2) to remain supported, to lie so as to press, lie heavily, lie securely :-- Se wong seomaþ eádig and onsund, Exon. Th. 199, 2; Ph. 19. Seomaþ (-ad, MS.) wír ymbe ðone wælgim. 400, 19; Rä. 21, 3. Seomaþ sorgcearig lies troubled, 285, 4; Jul. 709. Hé siomode in sorgum seofon nihta fyrst, Elen. Kmbl. 1384; El. 694. Flota stille bád, seomode on sole scip, Beo. Th. 609; B. 302. Heó on wrace seomodon, Cd. Th. 5, 15; Gen. 72. Him on healfa gehwam hettend seomedon mægen oððe merestreám on each side of them lay foes pressing, the Egyptian force or the Red Sea, 191, 4; Exod. 209. Ðǽr ic seomian wát ðínne sigebróðor I know thy brother lies in prison there, Andr. Kmbl. 365; An. 183.
seó-mint, plant name, altea vel eviscus. Wrt. Voc. i. 32, 12. v. sǽminte.
seón to be:-- See esse, Mt. Kmbl. p. 1, 11. v. eom, sí.
seón; p. seah, pl. sáwon, sǽgon, ségon; pp. sewen, sawen. I. to see with the eyes, (1) with acc.:-- Oft ic wíg seó, Exon. Th. 388, 6; Rä. 6. 3. Ic seah wundorlíce . wiht, 495, 1; Rä. 84, 1. Ne seah ic medudreám máran, Beo. Th. 4033; B. 2014. Hí wuldres þegn eágum sáwon, Andr. Kmbl. 3355; An. 1681. Ðæs ðe (hió) ælda bearn eágum sáwe, Exon. Th. 493, 7; Rä. 81, 26. Eode scealc monig searowundor seón, Beo. Th. 1844; B. 920: 2735; B. 1365 : Cd. Th. 125, 25; Gen. 2084. (2) with acc. and infin.:-- Ic seah turf tredan .vi. gebróðor, Exon. Th. 394, 10; Rä. 14, 1: 400, 1; Rä. 20, 1: 414, 29; Rä. 33, 3: 434, 15; Rä. 52, 1. (3) with acc. and predicative adj. or participle:-- Hý grim helle fýr gearo tó wíte andweard seóþ, Exon. Th. 78, 8; Cri. 1271. Ne seah ic elþeódige módiglícran, Beo. Th. 678; B. 336. Hý God upstígende eágum ségun, Exon. Th. 34, 3; Cri. 536. (4) with clause:-- Hý on ða clǽnan seóþ, hú hí blissiaþ, Exon. 79, 6; Cri. 1286: Beo. Th. 5428; B. 2717. II. to see, to visit:-- Nǽnig cépa ne seah (geseah, Bt. 15; Fox 48, 13) ellendne wearod nondum nova litora viderat hospes, Met. 8, 29. Hát in gán seón sibbegedriht, Beo. Th. 779; B. 387. Uton éfstan seón and sécean searogeþræc, 6195; B. 3102. II a. metaph.:-- Hé heán gewát deáþwíc seón, Beo. Th. 2555; B. 1275. III. to see, perceive, discern, understand:-- Ic seó ðé, ðæt is, ðæt ic ongite ðínne willan bútan tweón, Ps. Th. 5, 3. Sóðfæst blissaþ, ðonne hé síþ hú ða árleásan ealle forweorðaþ, 57, 9. Sioh nú sylfa ðé, hú ðec heofones cyning geséceþ. Exon. Th. 4, 27; Cri. 59. Seh ðé ecce. Ps. Surt. 32, 18: 38, 6. Sih ðé, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 19, 16, 27: 24, 25, 26. Wénaþ ða dysgan, ðæt ǽlc mon sié blind swá hí sint, and ðæt nán mon ne mǽge seón (gesión, Cote. MS.) ðæt hí gesión ne mágon, Bt. 38, 5; Fox 206, 21. IV. to see (as in to see death), to experience:-- Mec ongan hreówan ðæt moncynnes tuddor sceolde máncwealm seón, Exon. Th. 86, 33; Cri. 1417. Morðorleán seón, 98, 24; Cri. 1612. Hé forþ gewát metodsceaft seón he died. Cd. Th. 104, 31; Gen. 1743: B. 2364; B. 1180. V. with prepositions, to look at, on :-- On ðæt ða folc seóþ, Exon. Th. 80, 2; Cri. 1301. Seóþ on éce gewyrht, 448, 29; Dóm. 61. Ealle synd gedréfede ðe hí on sióþ conturbati sunt omnes qui videbant eos, Ps. Th. 63, 8. Secg seah on unleófe, Beo. Th. 5719; B. 2863. Folc tó sǽgon, 2849; B. 1422: Elen. Kmbl. 2208; El. 1105. Ðǽr hí tó ségon, Andr. Kmbl. 1422; An. 711: Exon. Th. 260, 3; Jul. 291. Ségun, 31, 14; Cri. 495. Hí cómon on ðæt wundor seón, Cd. Th. 261, 25; Dan. 731. Fægre leomu on tó seónne, Blickl. Homl. 113, 22. [Goth. saihwan : O. Sax. sehan: O. Frs. sía: O. H. Ger. sehan: Icel. sjá.] v. be- (bi-), for-, fore-, ge-, geond-, of-, ofer-, on-, þurh-, ymb-seón.
seón (from síhan); p. sáh, pl. sigon; pp. sigen (cf. león), seowen (v. á-seowen, Lchdm. ii. 26, 11), siwen (v. á-siwen, Lchdm. ii. 124, 14), seón (v. bi-seón. Exon. Th. 67, 13; Cri. 1088). I. trans. To strain, filer:-- Siid excolat, Wrt. Voc. ii. 107, 71. Seóh þurh cláþ. Lchdm. ii. 24, I : iii. 14, 18. II. intrans. To rwn as a sore, ooze, trickle:-- Manegum men liþseáu sýhþ. Lchdm. ii. 132, 10. Ðæt se lǽce sceolde ásceótan ðæt geswell; ðá dyde hé swá, and ðǽr sáh út wyrms, Homl. Skt. i. 20, 64. Wið seóndre exe, Lchdm. iii. 70, 20. Wið seóndum geallan, Lchdm. ii. 314, 7, 10. Wið seóndum ómum, 102, 9. Eal ðæt folc wæs on blǽdran and ða wǽron berstende and ða worms út siónde (ulcera manantia). Ors. 1, 7; Swt. 38, 7. [Mid þornene crune his heaued was icruned, swa þet þet rede blod sch ut on iwulche half, O. E. Homl. i. 121, 12. Syynge or clensynge colacio, colatura, Prompt. Parv. 455. I sye mylke, Cath. Ang. 339, n. 3. Halliwell gives sie as a word still in use in Derbyshire. O. H. Ger. síhan colare, excolare, liquare: Ger. seihen: Icel. sía to strain.] v. á-, ge-seón; seohhe, sígan.
seón; seondon, -seonod. v. sín, wlite-, wundor-seón; sind, a-seonod.
seonoþ, sionoþ, senoþ, sinoþ, synoþ (-aþ, -od), es; m, A synod, council, meeting:-- Sinoþ sinodus, Wrt. Voc. i. 72, 76. I. mostly used of the councils of the Christian Church :-- Seonod (sinoþ) wæs æt Ácleá, Chr. 782; Erl. 57, 6. Wæs senoþ (sinoþ, MS. E.) æt Heorotforda, 673; Erl.; 36, 2 : 822; Erl. 62, 13. Hér wæs geflitfullíc senoþ æt Cealchýþe, 785; Erl. 56, 7. Se hálga sinoþ, Bd. 4, 17; S. 585, 41. Æfter ealles sinoþes dóme, 3, 7; S. 530, 35. Be ðæm sinoþe se wæs geworden on ðam felda se wæs genemned Hǽþfeld, 4, 17; S. 585, 7. On ðam miclan synoþ æt Greátanleáge, L. Ath. i. 26; Th. i. 214, 7. Eádmund cyning gesomnode micelne sinoþ tó Lundenbyrig ǽgðer ge godcundra háda ge woruldcunda, L. Edm. E. proem.; Th. i. 244, 2. Gif preóst sinoþ forbúge, gebéte ðæt, L. N. P. L. 44; Th. ii. 296, 16. Monega þeóda Cristes geleáfan onféngon; ðá wurdon monega seonoþas gegaderode, L. Alf. 49; Th. i. 58, 2. Ðás feówer sinoþas (the councils of Nice, Ephesus, Constantinople, and Chalcedon), Wulfst. 270, 15. II. in other senses :-- Bǽdon ðæt eft óðer seonaþ wǽre (of the meeting between Augustine and the British Christians), Bd. 2, 2; S. 502, 36. Tó sionoþe (the Council called by Constantine to enquire about the cross), Elen. Kmbl. 307; El. 154. Hig tó ðæra Iudéa synoþe cómon, Nicod. 18; Thw. 8. 31. Wile fæder engla seonoþ gehégan Exon. Th. 231, 23; Ph. 493. [The word is borrowed also by O. Frs. and O. H. Ger.] v. bisceop-seonoþ, and following words.
seonoþ-bóc; f. A book containing the decrees of a synod:-- Hié on monegum senoþum monegra menniscra misdǽda bóte gesetton, and on monega senoþbéc hý writon, hwǽr ánne dóm, hwǽr óðerne, L. Alf. 49; Th. i. 58, 15.
seonoþ-dóm, es; m. The decree of a synod :-- Seonoþdómas reccan, Elen. Kembl. 1101; El. 552.
seonoþlíc; adj. Synodal, of a synod or meeting:-- Ðá wæs sionoþlíc gemót, Chart. Th. 70, 10. Ðære sinoþlícan dǽde synodicae actionis, Bd. 4, 5; S. 572, 1. Mid sinoþlícum stafum synodalibus literis, 4, 17;
seonoþ-stów, e; f. A place f or a synod or meeting, a place of assembly:-- Sinaþstów conciliabulum, locus sinodalis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 136, 19. Geseóþ gé ðæt hé ǽrest tó ðære sinoþstówe (ad locum synodi) cymeþ, Bd. 2, 2; S. 503, 9.
seonu, sionu, senu, sinu, synu; gen. seonwe, sine; weak forms also occur; f. A sinew, nerve, tendon:-- Sionu nervus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 114, 67. Sinu, i. 71, 42. Gif sin[o] scrince . . . and gif sino clæppette. Lchdm. ii. 6, 13 - 15. Ðá æthrán hé his sine on his þeó tetigit nervum femoris ejus, Gen. 32, 25. Healt for ðære sinwe (synewe, MS. B.) wunde, L. Alf. pol. 75; Th. i. 100, 5. Gif man on sinwe besleá æt blódlǽtan. Lchdm. ii. 16, 8. Gif mon ða. greátan sinwe (synewe, MS. B.) forsleá, L. Alf. pol. 75; Th. i. 100, 3. Gif ða smalan sinwe (synewan, MS. B.) mon forsleá, 76; Th. i. 100, 8. Nellaþ folc etan sine (nervum), Gen. 32, 32. Seonuwa [beóþ] fortogene. Lchdm. iii. 48, 28: 50, 5. Seonowe onsprungon. Beo. Th. 1639; B. 817. Seonwe (sina. Soul Kmbl. 217), Exon. Th. 373, 19; Seel. iii. Sionwe, Andr. Kmbl. 2849; An. 1427. Senwe nerve, Wrt. Voc. i. 283, 37. Sena, 65, 15. Sinu (-a ?), 44, 23. Gif sinwe sýn forcorfene. Lchdm. ii. 328, 5. Wið sina sáre, i. 84, 10. Wið ðara sina bifunge, 104, 27. Sina togung, 136, 9. Syna, 136, 19. Sina getog, 356, 3. Seonowum beslítan, Exon. Th. 371, 9; Seel. 73. Seonwum (synum, Soul Kmbl. 123), 370, 20; Seel. 62. Mid rápum of sinum geworhte nerviceis funibus, Jud. 16, 7. Se líchama wæs geboren mid blóde and mid bánum, mid felle and mid sinum, Homl. Th. ii. 270, 19. Árǽran of duste flǽsc and bán, sina and fex, i. 236, 21. On ða sáran sinua, Lchdm. ii. 282, 6. For flǽsc and for bán and for sinuwan, L. Edg. C. 9; Th. ii. 264, 4. Sinuwa, Anglia xi. 101, 47. [C. Frs. sini(-e), sene, sin: O. H. Ger. senawa : Icel. sin; pl. sinar and sinur.] v. hóh-sinu.
seonu-ben[n], e; f. A wound or injury of a sinew:-- Seonobennum seóc crippled. Exon. Th. 328, 17; Vy. 19. v. next word.
seonu-bend (?), e; f. A bond made of sinews (?) :-- Siððan hine Níðhád on néde legde swoncre seonobende (Grein would read -benne, which is more in accordance with the story in the Edda, that Völund had the sinews of the knees cut: v. Thorpe's note on this passage, and his Northern Mythology, i. 86. For confusion of benne and bende see ben). Exon. Th. 377, 19; Deór. 6. v. preceding word.
seonu-dolh, es; n. A wound of a sinew:-- Benna weallaþ, seonodolg swátige. Andr. Kmbl. 2811; An. 1408.
seonu-wealt (sionu-, sinu-, sino-, sine-, sin-, syne-); adj. That may be always rolled, round:-- -Sinewealt gesceap volubile scema, Wrt. Voc. i. 55, 18. Sionuualt torosa (teres ?), ii. 122, 54. Sionewaltum conteriti (cum teritif), 21, 56. I. round, circular, cylindrical:-- Sinewealt cleofa absida, Wrt. Voc. i. 58, 34. Syneweald wafungstede amphitheatrum, 37, 1. Sineweald trendel circulus, Hpt. Gl. 418, 16. Se móna went his hrigc tó ðære sunnan, ðæt is, se sinewealta ende ðe ðǽr onlýht biþ, Lchdm. iii. 242, 14. Ðæs sinewealtan hringes teretes(-is ?) cycli, Wrt. Voc. ii. 89, 60. Timbredon men seonewalte (cf. cyrice is sinhwyrfel . . . seó is unoferhréfed, Blickl. Homl. 125, 21) cirican. Shrn. 80, 37. Hæfde ðæt deór seonowealt heáfod swelce móna, Nar. 20, 27. Heó is leáfun sine-wealton. Lchdm. i. 290, 8, 18. II. round, spherical, globular, of a building, having a concave roof or dome:-- Seó heofen is sinewealt, Lchdm. iii. 232, 20 : Boutr. Scrd. 18, 24. Sineweald cliuen rotundus, teres globus, Hpt. Gl. 446, 67. Corn sonuuald (the manna eaten in the desert), Jn. Skt. Lind. 6, 31, rubc. Hyre wyrttruma ys synewealt the root is a bulb, Lchdm. i. 152, 16. Seó byrgen (Christ's tomb) is sinowalt bús ácorfen of ánum stáne, Shrn. 68, 35. Of sinuwealtum cliwene ex teriti glomere, Wrt. Voc. ii. 31, 20 : 83, 19. Sinewæltum, Hpt. Gl. 494, 17. Wyrc hit sinewealt make it into a ball, Lchdm. i. 72, 21. Sinwealte swammas volvi, Wrt. Voc. i. 30, 28. Heó hafaþ berian synewealte, Lchdm. i. 276, 24. v. sin-, sin-hweorfol.
seonuwealtian to reel, not to stand firmly:-- Sinewealtigan (wine-, Wrt.) vacillare, Wrt. Voc. ii. 88, 48.
seonuwealtness, e; f. Roundness, circularity, sphericity:-- Sinewealtnes globositas, Wrt. Voc. i. 55, 19. Ðære eorþan sinewealtnes the sphericity of the earth, Lchdm. iii. 258, 10. For ðære eorþan sinewealtynysse, 260, 11.
seonu-wind an artery:-- Sinewind arteriae, Wrt. Voc. ii. 8, 29. [Cf. (?) O. H. Ger. sen-ádra arteria, nervus.] Cf. wind-ǽdre, sin-.
seorðan, seordan (?); p. searð To violate:-- Ne serð ðú óðres monnes wíf non moechaberis, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 5, 27. [From (?) Scandinavian, Cf. Icel. . serða stuprare: M. H. Ger. serte. See Altdeutsche Gespräche. Nachtrag vom W. Grimm, p. 18.]
seóslig; adj. Afflicted, troubled, vexed:-- Se hálga wer ælda gehwylces ðe hine seóslige sóhtun hǽlde líc and sáwle the holy man healed body and soul of all that in affliction sought him, Exon. Th. 157, 29; Gú. 899. Cf. súsl.
seóðan (? cf.seód, á-seódan?) to put in a bag, wrap wp;:-- Bewind ðone æppel on weolcreádum godwebbe, and seóð eft mid sceáte óðres godwebbes, and beheald ðæt ðes lǽcedóm ne hríne ne wæteres ne eorþan, Lchdm. i. 332, 5.
seóþan; p. seáþ, pl. sudon; pp. soden. I. to seethe, boil, cook in a liquid :-- Ic seóþe coquo, Ælfc. Gr. 28, 5; Zup. 175, 16. Gif ðú seóþest rúdan on ele, Lchdm. ii. 206, 23. Gif mon sýþ gárleác on henne broþe, Lchdm. ii. 276, 15. Seóþ on wætere tó þriddan dǽle, i. 72, 2. Seóþ on wíne, 134, 4. Seóþaþ (coquite) eówerne mete beforan ðæs temples dura, Lev. 8, 31. Seóþe on strangum wíne, Lchdm. i. 142, 2. Seóþan ða þingc ðe tó seóþenne synd coquere quae coquenda sunt, Coll. Monast. Th. 29, 19. II. metaph. (1) with the idea of purification, to subject to a fiery ordeal, to try as with fire:-- Seóþeþ swearta lég synne on fordónum . . . óþ ðæt hafaþ ældes leóma woraldwidles wom forbærned, Exon. Th. 62, 1; Cri. 995. Ðú mé sude mid ðam fýre monegra earfoþa swá swá gold igne me examinasti, Ps. Th. 16, 3. (2) to subject to great pain, to afflict grievously:-- Mé elþeódige searonet seóþaþ me barbarian snares afflict (?), Andr. Kmbl. 127; An. 64. Mid ðý hé ðá lange mid swígendum nearonessum his módes and mid ðý blindan fýre soden wæs cum diu tacitis mentes angoribus et caeco carperetur igni, Bd. 2, 13; S. 513. 34. Herebryht wæs mid singale untrumnesse soden and swenced, 4, 29; 8. 607, 41. Sorgwylmum soden, Exon. Th. 166, 21; Gú. 1046: 171, 7; Gú. 1123: 177, 32; Gú. 1236. Sárbennum soden, Andr. Kmbl. 2479; An. 1241. (2 a) to reduce by pain or disease :-- Heó swá swýðe mid ða untrumnysse soden wæs ðæt ða bán án tó láfe wǽron in tantum ea infirmitate decocta est, ut vix ossibus haereret, Bd. 4, 9; S. 577, 15. (3) to prepare food for the mind, to make fear, hope, etc., subjects with which the mind may be occupied; cf. to feed a person with hopes :-- Ic ðæs módceare sorhwylmum seáþ on account of your dangerous journey anxiety was the food I prepared for my mind, Beo. Th. 3990; 1993. Swá ða mǽlceare maga Healfdenes singala seáþ Hrothgar had that care ever ready to feed his mind with, 382; B. 190. [O. Frs. siatha : O. H. Ger. siodan: Icel. sjóða: cf. Goth. sauths a burnt-offering.] v. á-, be-, for-, ofer-, tó-seóþan; ge-, healf-, sám-, unsoden.
seoððan, seotl, seotol, seotu, seóung. v. siððan, setl, sweotol, set, eágseóung.
seowian, seówan, siwian; p. ode; pp. od, ed. id To sew:-- Sióuu sarcio, Wrt. Voc. ii. 119, 52. Ic siwige sarcio, Ælfc. Gr. 30, 2; Zup. 190, 6. Ic sywige (siwige, MS. R.), 28, 3; Zup. 167, 6. Heó siwaþ (seowaþ, MS. U.) illa suit, 15; Zup. 97, 6. Siwaþ (siuieþ, Lind.: siowes, Rush.) assuit, Mk. Skt. 2, 21. Sum sútere siwode (seowode, MS. C.) ðæs hálgan weres sceós, Homl. Skt. i. 15, 23. Hig siwodon ficleáf and worhton him wǽdbréc. Gen. 3, 7. Seowa mid seolce fæste, Lchdm. ii. 56, 7. Wǽda sioloce siowian. Met. 8, 24. Byrne, searonet seowed smiþes orþancum, Beo. Th. 816; B. 406. Golde siowode segmentata, Wrt. Voc. ii. 95, 49. [Goth. siujan: O. Frs. sia : O. H. Ger. siuwan : Icel. sýja: Lat. suere.] v. á-, be-seowian (-siwian); ge-seówan; ge-siwed.
sépan (seppan ?); p. te To cause to perceive, to teach:-- Se stán sépte sacerdas sweotolum tácnum, Andr. Kmbl. 1483; An. 743. Ðus mé fæder mín unweaxenne wordum lǽrde, sépte sóðcwidum, Elen. Kmbl. 1057; El. 530. Hyssas heredon Drihten for ðam hǽðenan folce, sépton (MS. stepton) hié sóðcwidum, and him sǽdon fela sóðra tácna, Cd. Th. 244, 10; Dan. 446. [Cf. (?) O. Sax. af-sebbian; p. -sóf to perceive: O. H. Ger. int-suab; p.: M. H. Ger. en-seben to perceive, understand, v. Grff. vi. 168.]
serc, syrc, syric, es; m.: serce, syrce, an; f. A shirt, shift, smock, tunic, sark (Scott.) :-- Loða, serc colobium, Hpt. Gl. 493, 76. Smoc vel syrc. Wrt. Voc. i. 25, 60. Syric colobium vel interula, 81, 69. Syrc suppar, interula, 59, 24. Serc armilausia, 284, 61: ii. 8, 16. Serce, 100, 77: 7, 4. Swátfáh syrce, Beo. Th. 2226; B. 1111. Ðæt hé hæbbe syric (tunicam), R. Ben. 89, 10. Genóh is munuce ðæt hé hæbbe twegen syricas (tunicas), for ðære nihtware and for ðæs reáfes þweále, 91, 3. Syrcan, gúþgewǽdo shirts of mail, Beo. Th. 458; B. 226: 673; B. 334. [Icel. serkr a shirt; hring-, járn-serkr a shirt of mail.] v. beadu-, heoru-, here-, hilde-, leoþu-, líc-, under-serc (-serce).
serede, serð, serwan. v. sirwan, seorðan, sirwan.
sess, es; m. A seat, bench :-- Ses, sæs transtrum, Txts. 103, 2050. Hé gesæt on sesse, Beo. Th. 5427; B. 2717: 5506; B. 2756. [Icel. sess; m]
sessian; p. ode To subside:-- Sǽ sessade (sǽs essade, MS.), smylte wurdon merestreáma gemeotu, Andr. Kmbl. 905; An. 453.
sester, seoxter, es; m. I. a vessel, jar, pitcher:-- Sester amfora, Wrt. Voc. i. 24, 36: 83, 23. Hé hét heora ǽlcne geniman ánne æmtigne sester . . . Hig slógon tógædere ða sestras (lagenas). Jud. 7, 16-19. Cristallisce dryncfatu and gyldne sestras wǽron forþborenne crystallina vasa potatoria et sextariola aurea invenimus, Nar. 5, 14. II. a measure for liquids or for dry things; its capacity is uncertain, (a) as an English measure :-- Twegen sestres sápan and twege[n] hunies and þré ecedes, and se sester sceal wegan twá pund be sylfyrgewyht. Lchdm. iii. 92, 14. Cf. Unum sextarium mellis triginta duarum unciarum, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iv. 285, 1. Wæs swýðe mycel hungor, and corn swá dýre, swá nán mann ǽr ne gemunde, swá ðæt se sester (Henry of Huntingdon renders this : 'sextarius frumenti, qui equo uni solet esse oneri') hwǽtes code tó, lx. penega and eác furðor. Chr. 1043; Erl. 169, 31. xv pund (yntsan ? cf. 'sextarius medicinalis habet uncias decem,' note on this passage) wætres gáþ tó sestre, Lchdm. ii. 298, 26. Fífténe sestras líðes aloþ, Chart. Th. 105, 12. Twelf seoxtres beóras, 158, 22. (b) as a foreign measure :-- Under sestre sub modio, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 5, 15. Hund sestra (cados) eles, Lk. Skt. 16, 6. Ǽlc wæterfæt wæs on twegra sestra gemete oððe on þreora capientes singuli metretas binas uel ternas, Jn. Skt. 2, 6. Gecned þrí sestras (sata) smedeman, Gen. 18, 6. Habbaþ emne gemetu and sestras sint justus modius aequusque sextarius, Lev. 19, 36. [O. H. Ger. sehstári, sehtári: Ger. -sester, sechter a measure of grain, twelve bushels; measure of liquids, sixteen quarts. From Lat. sextarius. Cf. Fr. sétier (for grain) twelve bushels; for liquids, two gallons : Ital. sestiere a pint-measure.] v. wín-sester.
set, es; n. A seat. I. of the sun, the place where the sun sets :-- Miððý tó sete eode sunne cum occidisset sol, Mk. Skt. Rush. 1, 32. Gewát sunne tó sete glídan, Andr. Kmbl. 2498; An. 1250 : 2610; An. 1306. Tó sete sígeþ, Menol. Fox 221; Men. 112. Cf. set-gang, setl. II. of men, a place where people remain, of an army, a camp, entrenchment, cf. to sit down before a place :-- Ne com se here oftor eall úte of ðǽm setum ðonne tuwwa, óðre síþe ðá hié ǽrest tó londe cómon . . . óðre síþe ðá hié of ðǽm setum faran woldon (cf. Ða Deniscan sǽeton ðǽr behindan, 91, 1), Chr. 894; Erl. 90, 19-22. III. of animals, a place where animals are kept, a stall, fold, or where they feed, pastures:-- -Seotu bucitum (cf. hrýðra fald bucetum, Wrt. Voc. i. 15, 22), Txts. 47, 339. Seto stabula, 99, 1903. Siota, Wrt. Voc. i. 289, 11. ['In sedibus quies imperturbata.' I þe sette is reste & eise bitocned, A. R. 358, 23. Þat folc hafden alle igeten and arisen from heore seten, Laym. 30841. O. H. Ger. sez sedes, suggestus: Icel. set the sitting-room, v. Cl.& Vig. Dict.] v. ge-set, -sete (read -set), ymb-set.
séta (seta ?), setel. v. sǽta, setl.
seten, [n]e; f. I. a set, shoot, branch :-- Setene propagines, Ps. Surt. 79, 12. v. ymb-seten. II. a nursery, plantation:-- Setin pla[n]taria, Wrt. Voc. ii. 117, 49. Plantunga seten plantaria, 65, 76. Ǽghwilc wæstma seten ða ðe ne sette fæder mín omnis plantatio quam non plantavit Pater meus, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 15, 13, III.what is planted or set:-- Gif mon gesíðcundne monnan ádrífe, fordrífe ðý botle næs ðære setene (the ejected tenant was not to be deprived of what he had planted (?); or seten. V. he was to be compensated for the cultivation of the land (?), L. In. 68; Th. i. 146, 8. IV. a cultivated place. v. land-seten, I. and feldsætennum campo, Ps. Lamb. 77, 12. V. planting, cultivation, v. land-seten, II. VT. a setting, putting. v. hand-seten. VII. a stopping, v. blód-seten. See also inseten.
-setenness, sétere. v. ge-setenes, on-setenness, sǽtere.
set-gang, es; m. Setting of the sun :-- Ofer setgong super occasum, Ps. Surt. 67, 5 : 49, 2 : 103, 19. v. set, setl-gang.
séðan; p. de To declare true, affirm, attest, prove:-- Ic séðe testificor, Ælfc. Gr. 25; Zup. 146, 3. Ealle hálige gewritu sóðlíce séðaþ, ðæt se is Hǽlend Crist, Homl. Th. ii. 414, 9. Hé árás on ðam þriddan dæge, swá swá gewritu séðaþ, 598, 4. Sum óðer séðde and cwæþ alius quidam affirmabat dicens, Lk. Skt. 22, 59. Is séðende and cweðende adstipulatur, Wrt. Voc. ii. 2, 17. Sume (adverbs) . syndon con- vel adfirmativa, ðæt synd fæstnigende oððe séðende, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Zup. 226, 11. Séðende ðæt Crist is Godes Sunu 'proving that this is very Christ' (Acts 9, 22), Homl. Th. i. 388, 4. v. á-, ge-séðan; sóðian, séðend, séðung.
seðe, Cd. Th. 92, 7; Gen. 1525: seðel. v. sécan, 1(2), setl.
séðend, es; m. One who affirms or asserts:-- Séðend stipulatorem (cf. trymmend stipulatorem, Wrt. Voc. ii. 88, 2), Hpt. Gl. 527, 34. v. ge-séðend.
set-hrægl, es; n. A cloth for covering a seat:-- Setrægl tapeta, Wrt. Voc. i. 82, 19. Ic gean tó Cristes weofede ánre lytlere goldenre róde and ánes sethrægles (an altar-cloth?], Chart. Th. 564, 10, 18. Án lang healwáhrift and þríó sethrægl, 538, 4. [Cf. Icel. set-klæði.] v. setl-hrægl.
séðung, e; f. Attestation, affirmation, proof:-- Séðunge adstipulatione, adsertione, adfirmatione, Hpt. Gl. 444, 41. Hwæne mǽrsiaþ ðás wundra mid heora séðunge, Homl. Th. ii. 34, 5. Hé ðæs árleásan eáre gehǽlde tó séðunge soðre godcundnysse (in proof of true divinity), 248, 2. Hé heora goda geendunge mid swutelum séðungum gewissode, i. 558, 16. Séðingum assertionibus, Hpt. Gl. 525, 35. Séðincgum, 409, 53. v. ge-séðung; séðan.
setl, sedl, seðl, seotl, sotl, seatl, sitl (-el, -ol, -ul), es; pl. setl, setlu, sotelas, setlas (North.) ; n. m. (?) I. that on which one sits, a settle, seat, place to sit:-- Setl sella, Wrt. Voc. i. 83, 70. Sotol, 289, 23. Gá nú tó setle, symbelwynne dreóh.' . . . Geát geóng sóna setles neósan, swá se snottra héht, Beo. Th. 3576; B. 1786. Se wæs setles yldest (on setle yldost, MS. B.) he had the chief seat, Bd. 5, 13; S. 633, 4. Sæt Agustinus on sotole, 2, 2; S. 503, 15. Hé hét him úte setl gewyrcean, 1, 25; S. 486, 38. Mé hé wið his sylfes sunu setl getǽhte, Beo. Th. 4031; B. 2013. Ofer setol super sellam, Kent. Gl. 304. Sotelas sella, Germ. 393, 143. Seó wlitignes heora ræsta and setla, Blickl. Homl. 99, 33. Hé his líchoman forwyrnde séftra setla and symbeldaga, Exon. Th. 111, 33; Gú. 136. On ðæm forþmestum seatlum (seotlum. Rush.) sitta in somnungum and ða forþmesto setla æt farmum in primis cathedris sedere in sinagogis et primos discubitos in cenis, Mt. Skt. Lind. 12, 39. Hé út áwearp ða setl ðara mynetera, Blickl. Homl. 71, 19. Hyra setlu (ceatlas, Lind.: settlas, Rush. cathedras) ðara ðe culfran sealdon hé tóbræc, Mt. Kmbl. 31, 12. Lufigaþ ðæt ǽreste sætil (recubitos) æt éfengereordum and forþmestu setulas (seatlas, Lind. cathedras) on heora somnungum. Rush. 23, 6. Seotlas, Mk. Skt. Rush. 11. 15. Ða yldstan setl (seatlas, Lind., Rush.), Lk. Skt. 20, 46. I a. an official seat of a king, judge, etc., a throne, judgment-seat:-- On swiðre sedles Godes, Rtl. 27, 33. Fore sedle before the throne, 47, 26. Ðú Scippend heofones ðú ðe on ðam écan setle rícsast, Bt. 4; Fox 6, 30. Setle solio, Wrt. Voc. ii. 142, 13. Ðonne sitt hé ofer his mægen þrymme setl (seðel, Lind. : on sedle, Rush.), Mt. Kmbl. 25, 31. Hit is swíðe gewunelíc ðætte dómeras & ríce menn on setelum sitten, Past. 56; Swt. 435, 21. Gé sittaþ ofer twelf setl (seatla tuelfa, Lind.: on sedlum twelfe, Rush.) démende, Mt. Kmbl. 19, 28. Ib. metaph. seat, place, position:-- Hé áwearp ða rícan of setle (sedle, Lind., Rush.), Lk. Skt. 1, 52. Se sit on wóles setle, se ðe yfel wyrcþ mid geþeahte, Past. 56; Swt. 435, 19-22 : Ps. Th. 1, 1. Ðú setst ús on ðæt setl dínes Sceoppendes, Bt. 7, 5; Fox 24, 2. Ofer seatul (on setule, Rush.) Moyses, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 23, 2. Him sylþ God his fæder Dauides setl (sedle, Lind.: seðel, Rush.), Lk. Skt. 1. 32. On sotelum sóðfæstra in cathedra seniorum, Ps. Th. 106, 31. I c. in reference to the heavenly bodies, tó setle gán, etc. (cf. Fr. le coucher do soleil, le soleil se couche) to set:-- Syððan sunne beó on setle after sunset. Lchdm. iii. 8, 19. Ðonne heó (the sun) tó setle gǽþ, Bt. 39, 3; Fox 214, 27: Salm. Kmbl. 186, 6. Ðá ðá sunne eode tó setl cum occubuisset sol, Gen. 15, 17. Æ-acute;r sunne tó setle eode usque ad occasum solis, Ex. 17, 12. Ðá sunne tó setle eode cum occidisset sol, Mk. Skt. 1, 32. Sunne sáh tó setle, Chr. 937; Erl. 112, 17. Ðonne heó (the sun) on setl eode, Bt. 5, 23; S. 645, 26. Ðonne hió on setl glídeþ, Met. 28, 39. Se ǽfenstiorra on setl glídeþ, 29, 27, 31. On setel. Salm. Kmbl. 202, 34. v. setl-gang. II. a seat, place where one abides, an abode, a residence, dwelling:-- Him wæs geseald setl on swegle ðǽr hé symle mót eardfæst wesan, blíðe bídan, Exon. Th. 149, 5; Gú. 757 : 125, 15; Gú. 354. Geswíc ðisses setles, 119, 3; Gú. 249. Ða stówe his seþles locum sedis illius solitariae. Bd. 3, 16; S. 542, 36. Hé eft tó ðæm fæderlícan setle eode, Blickl. Homl. 115, 33 : 129, 12. Ðá næfde hé nán setl hwǽr hé sittan mihte, for ðan ðe nán heofon nolde hine áberan, Ælfc. T. Grn. 2, 45 : Ps. Th. 88, 37 : Exon. Th. 116, 31; Gú. 215. On préstes setel (a hermitage ?), Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 416, 29. Ða hálgan setl sceoldon weorþan gefylde mid ðære menniscan gecynde. Blickl. Homl. 121, 34: Cd. Th. 6, 10; Gen. 86. Gumena ríce, secga sitlu, Met. 9, 42. ¶ a stall for animals :-- On ðam (in the ark) ðú scealt gerýman rihte setl ǽlcum eorþan tudre, Cd. Th. 79, 1; Gen. 1304. II a. as an ecclesiastical term, a see:-- Sanctus Gregorius ðæs Rómániscan setles bisceop, Lchdm. iii. 432, 24. Ðæs Apostolícan setles, Bd. 1, 23; S. 485, 23: 4, 1; S. 563, 23. Hér Rómáne ðone pápan of his setle áfliémde, Chr. 797; Erl. 58, 14, On setl biscopstóles in sedem pontificatus, 5, 23; S. 646, 32. II b. metaph. seat of a disorder, etc,, dwelling-place of non-material things :-- Ðý læs ingǽ se fiónd in sávelo hiora & seðel habba ne mǽgi, Rtl. 117, 31. III. the part of the body on which one sits, the seat:-- Wið gicþan ðæs setles, Lchdm. i. 218, 10. Gif se uíc weorðe on mannes setle geseten, iii. 30, 16. Wríð under ðæt setl neoþan, i. 366, 17. Him wand út his innoþ æt his setle. Homl. As. 59, 201. IV. a sitting, the being in, or assuming, a sitting position; sessio :-- Hé frægn for hwon hé ána swá unrót on stáne wæccende sǽte . . . 'Ne tala ðú ðæt ic ne cunne ðone intingan ðínre unrótnesse and ðínre wacone and ánlépnesse ðínes seðles' ne me aestimes tuae moestiliae RUNE insomniorum RUNE solitariae sessionis causam nescire. Bd. 2, 12; S. 513, 41 note. Ðú mín setl (sessionem) oncneówe and mínne ǽrist æfter gecýðdest, Ps. Th. 138, 1. IV a. stay, residence:-- On ðæm setle ðe hé ðǽr sæt during the stay he made there, Chr. 922; Erl. 108, 22. IV b. as a military term, a siege :-- Him (the besiegers) ðæt setl (obsidio) swíðor derede ðonne ðám ðe ðǽrinne (in Veii) wǽron, Ors. 2, 8; Swt. 90, 24. Porsenna ðæt setl foilét Porsenna raised the siege, 2, 3; Swt. 68, 30. Ðá forlét hé ðæt setl ab obsidione discessit, 3, 11; Swt. 146, 20. [Heo isetten Iacob on Cristes selt, O. E. Homl. i. 93, 9. Adam set on the setle of unhele, ii. 59, 25 : Ps. 1. 1. Ich mai þe finde at þe rumhuse . . . þu sittest and singst behinde þe setle, O. and N. 594. Our loverd sal sitt. . . opon þe setil of his mageste, Pr. C. 6122. Goth. sitls; m. a seat, throne, nest: O. H. Ger. sez[z]al cathedra, sponda, solium, tribunal; sedal, sethal, sedhal sedes, thronus, triclinium, occasus (solis) : O. Frs. O. Sax. sedel.] v. án-, ancer-, ancor-, beór-, bisceop-, burhgeat-, cyne-, dóm-, éðel-, ge-, heáh-, hilde-, láreów-, medu-, páp-, scip-, sunder-, þrym-, út-, weard-, wræc-setl; beorg-seðel; set.
setla. v. án-, cot-, ge-, wésten-setla.
setlan; p. [e]de. I. trans. To settle, seat, put in a position of rest:-- Wǽglíðende setlaþ sǽmearas, and ðonne in ðæt églond up gewítaþ, Exon. Th. 361, 5; Wal. 15. II. intrans. To settle, take a position of rest, of the sun, to set. v. setlung and the Mid. E. forms, [Þart allderrmann þatt heʒhesst wass Att tatt bridale settledd (GREEK), Orm. 15285. Til þe sunne wæs setled to reste, Will. 2452. Him thoughte a goshauk . . . Setlith on his beryng, Alis. 484.]
setl-gang, es; m. Setting of the heavenly bodies, generally of the sun, (1) marking time :-- Ðá bád se sacerd sunnan setlgonges, forðon sunnan trió ágefeþ ondsware æt ðæm upgonge & eft æt setlgonge, Nar. 27, 15-18. Sunne, setlgonges fús, Exon. Th. 174. 34; Gú. 1187. Æfter sunnan setlgonge, Chr. 773; Erl. 52, 24. Æ-acute;r sunnan setlgange, Bd. 1, 27; S. 495, 7. Æt sunnan setlgange, Blickl. Homl. 93, 16. Sunne hire setlgang healdeþ sol cognovit occasum suum. Ps. Th. 103, 18. Ðá se æþela glæ-acute;m setlgong sóhte, Exon Th. 178, 32; Gú. 1253. (2) marking place, the west:-- Be ðam wege ðe líþ tó sunnan setlgange by the road that runs to the west, Deut. 11. 30. Fram sunnan upgange óþ hire setl-gang from the east unto the west, Ps. Th. 49, 2. [Ps. setl-gang. Cf. O. H. Ger. sedal-gang : O. Sax. gangan, sígan te sedle, werðan an sedle (of the sun), v; Grmm. D. M. 700, R. A. 817.] v. setl, I c, set-gang, and next word.
setl-gangende; adj. (ptcp. ) Setting:-- Setlgangendre sunnan occi-denti, Bd. 5, 23; S. 645, 27.
setl-hrægl, es; n. A covering for a seat:-- vii. setlhrægel, Chart. Th. 429, 28. v. set-hrægl.
setl-rád, e; f. Setting of the sun :-- Æfter sunnan setlráde, Cd. Th. 184, 19; Exod. 109. Cf. setl-gang.
setlung, e; f. I. a taking of a seat, a sitting down:-- Ðú understóde setlunge míne and ǽriste míne tu cognovisti sessionem meam et resurrectionem meam, Ps. Lamb. 138, 2. II. setting of the sun; occasus :-- Seó niht hæfþ seofon dǽlas fram ðære sunnan settlunge (set-lunge, MS. P.), Lchdm. iii. 242, 26. Æfter sunnan setlunge, 266, 5. Fram sunnan uprine óþ setlunge, Ps. Spl. 112, 3. Setellung, 49, 2. v. setlan.
sétnere, sétnung. v. sǽtnere, sǽtnung.
setness, e; f. I. an ordinance, a regulation, an institution:-- Ðis is seó gerǽdnes ðe Eádulf hæfþ gerád tó setnesse, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 295, 32. Gé forlǽtaþ Godes bebod and healdaþ manna laga (setnesse, Lind.: setnisse, Rush. traditionem), Mk. Skt. 7, 8, 3, 13. Setnesa, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 15, 2. The word glosses also testimonium, Mt. Kmbl. p. 1, 11: testamentum, p. 2, 5. II. constitution, arrangement:-- From setnisse middangeardes a constitution mundi, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 25, 34. [Heo makeden ane sætnesse . . . þe ælc cheorl eæt his sulche hæfde grið, Laym. 4258. Godess laʒhe & hiss hallʒhe settnesse þeʒʒ didenn fallen dun, & hofenn affterr þeʒʒre wille settnessess, hu mann birrde Godess laʒhe follʒhenu, Orm. 16836-43.] v. á-, fore-, ge-, in-, on-, wið-setness.
setnung. [Icel. setning.] v. frum-setnung.
settan; p. sette; pp. seted, set[t] (generally transitive, but see XII). I. to set, place, put, cause to take a certain position:-- Ic sette mínne rénbogan on wolcnum, Gen. 9, 13. Ic sette max on stówe gehæppre, Coll. Monast. Th. 21, 13. Hwæðer gé settan eówer nett on ða héhstan dúne, ðonne gé fiscian willaþ? Ic wát ðæt gé hit ðǽr ne settaþ. Hwæðer gé eówer net fit on ða sǽ lǽdon, ðonne gé huntian willaþ? Ic wéne ðæt gé hí ðonne setton up on dúnum, Bt. 33, 3; Fox 118, 11-15. Ne hí ne ǽlaþ hyra leóhtfæt and hit under cýfe settaþ, Mt. Kmbl. 5, 15. Heó (the fallen angels) God sette on ða sweartan helle, Cd. Th. 20, 20; Gen. 312. Hé sette his ða swíðran hand (cf. mid ða swíðran hand, 514, 21) him on ðæt heáfod, Bd. 2, 12; S. 515, 19. Hí ðá nó ða studu úton tó ðam wáge tó fultume ne setton, ac hí heó on ða cyricean setton, 3, 17; S. 544, 37. Hié setton hié æt ðære byrgenne dura. Blickl. Homl. 155, 8. Ðá hé bebyrged wæs, hié settan him hyrdas tó, 177, 26. Setton scyldas wið weal they set their shields against the wall, Beo. Th. 655; B. 325. Sete ðín hand under mín þeóh, Gen. 24, 2: 48, 18. Se ðe wille fæst hús timbrian ne sceall hé hit nó settan up on ðone héhstan cnol (must not take the top of a hill as a site for his house) . . . and eft se ðe wille fæst hús timbrian, ne sette hé hit on sondbeorhas. Bt. 12; Fox 36, 7-11. Ðá lét hé hine on hæft settan he had him put into prison, Chr. 1036; Erl. 164, note 3. Hé gearwe hæfde reliquias in tó settenne, Bd. 5, 11; S. 625, 37. I a. to set down:-- Ðá hét se apostol ða bǽre settan, Homl. Th. i. 60, 16. II. figurative, to set to work, set before one a choice, set a mark, a name, one's mind, lay a charge, a curse, etc., upon one, put one in a position, put into one's power, etc. :-- Ic sette beforan eów bletsunga and wirignissa, Deut. 11. 26. Ic hine wergþo on míne sette. Cd. Th. 105, 20; Gen. 1756. Swá hit mé sealde se ðe ic hit nú on hande sette, L. O. 3; Th. i. 180, 4. Ðú setst (settes, Cott. MSS.) ús on ðæt setl ðínes Sceoppendes, Bt. 7, 5; Fox 24, 2. Swá hwæt swá ðú mé on settest and bebeódest tó dónne, Bd. 4, 25; S. 600, 4, God him sette naman, Homl. Th. i. 12, 31. Hé him naman on sette, Mk. Skt. 3, 17. Abraham sette friþotácn on his selfes sunu, Cd. Th. 142, 29; Gen. 2369. Hine Abraham on beácen sette, 167, 19; Gen. 2768. Gé setton mé in edwít ðæt . . . you laid to my reproach, that . . ., Exon. Th. 131, 21; Gú. 459: Cd. Th. 165, 8; Gen. 2728. Gé ða wintergerím on gewritu setton, Elen. Kmbl. 1305; El. 654. Sete heora ealdormenn, swá ðú Oreb dydest make their nobles like Oreb (A. V.), Ps. Th. 82, 9. Sete on Drihten ðín gehygd, 54, 22. Setton hí hine on borh they shall make him give security, L. Ath. i. 20; Th. i. 208, 30 : 210, 7. Deáþ settan to kill, Elen. Kmbl. 955; El. 479. Wíte settan to impose punishment, Cd. Th. 76, 33; Gen. 1266. On gewrit settan to put into writing, L. Alf. 49; Th. i. 58, 22. Wutan ús tó symbeldæge settan, Ps. Th. 117, 25. II a. of travelling, cf. lecgan and Ger. zurücklegen :-- On weg setteþ wíse gangas, Ps. Th. 84, 12. Sceal ic nú wreclástas settan, siðas wíde, Cd. Th. 276, 15; Sat. 189. Gesundne síð settan to make a safe journey, Elen. Kmbl. 2008; El. 1005. III. to set, plant:-- Sette pastinat, Wrt. Voc. ii. 96, 52. Hé leác sette he set vegetables. Shrn. 61, 20. Hé wíngeard sette, seów sǽda fela, Cd. Th. 94, 8; Gen. 1558: 172, 7; Gen. 2840. Settan pastinare, Wrt. Voc. ii. 116, 6. Settende pastinantem, 66, 18. Settum beámum anlíce sicut novellae plantations, Ps. Th. 143, 14. IV. to set, fix, implant:-- Hé módes snyttru seów and sette geond sefan monna, Exon. Th. 41, 29; Cri. 663. Settaþ on eówerum heortum, ðæt gé ne þurfon ásmeágan, hú gé andwyrdan sceolon. Homl. Th. ii. 542, 3. Uton wé ðæs dæges fyrhto on úre mód settan, Blickl. Homl. 125, 6. V. to set, fix, appoint a limit, time, place (cf. set day, time in A. V.) :-- In ðam frumstóle ðe him freá sette. Exon. Th. 349, 25; Sch. 51. Hí settan dæg tó ðæt man tó ðam lande scolde faran they appointed a day for going to the land. Chart. Th. 376, 16. Ðæt ic ðé symbledæg sette, Ps. Th. 75, 7. Settan gemǽro, Ex. 19, 23. Mearce settan, Cd. Th. 171, 19; Gen. 2830. VI. to set a task, ordain, establish a law, regulation, appoint a condition :-- Wé settaþ ǽghwelcere cirican ðis frið, L. Alf. pol. 5; Th. i. 64, 8. Hé sette gecamp geleáffullum sáwlum. Homl. Th. i. 64, 18. Se ðe ða ealdan ǽ sette, 94, 4. Sylfa sette, ðæt ðú sunu wǽre efeneardigende, Exon. Th. 15, 14; Cri. 236. Ǽ ðú mé sete, Ps. Th. 118, 33. Gif gé nú gesáwen hwelce mús, ðæt wǽre hláford ofer óðre mýs and sette him dómas, Bt. 16, 2; Fox 52. 2. VII. to build, erect:-- Hús settan and tún timbrian, Shrn. 163, 16. Ongunnon heora burh rǽran and sele settan . . . weras on wonge wíbed setton, Cd. Th. 113, 2-5; Gen. 1881-2. VIII. to set up, institute, found, establish:-- Hwá ǽrost bócstafas sette? Salm. Kmbl. p. 192. 6. Hé sette scole instituit scholam, Bd. 3, 18; S. 545, 44. Ǽgðer ge cyninga rícu settan ge ceastra timbredon, Ors. 1, 10; Swt. 48, 9 : Met. 1, 4. Ðæt wæs weallfæstenna ǽrest ealra ðara ðe æðelingas settan héton, Cd. Th. 65, 3; Gen. 1060. VIII a. of the operations of the Deity :-- Ðú dæg settest and deorce niht, Ps. Th. 73, 16: 138, 11: Exon. Th. 258, 33; Jul. 274. Ðá hé ðisne ymbhwyrft ǽrest sette, 422, 17; Rä. 41, 7: Cd. Th. 265, 29; Sat. 15. Ðá ðú wǽre settende ðás sídan gesceaft, Exon. Th. 22, 23; Cri. 356. IX. to set, base, found:-- Gif ðú wísdóm timbrian wille, ne sete ðú hine uppan ða gítsunga, Bt. 12; Fox 36, 11. X. to appoint an officer or a person to an office or duty :-- Hine tó ealdormenn sette, Ps. Th. 104, 16. Hé sette hine on his húse tó hláfwearde constituit eum dominus domus suae, 104, 17. Sette hé getreówe borgas, L. Eth. i. 1; Th. i. 280, 19: L. C. S. 30; Th. i. 394, 8. X a. to appoint something for a purpose :-- Bæd þrymcyning, ðæt hé him ða weádǽd tó wræce ne sette, Elen. Kmbl. 988; El. 495. XI.to settle a quarrel, allay animosity, compose a difference:-- Witan scylon fǽhþe settan, L. Edm. S. 7; Th. i. 250, 13. XII. intrans. To settle, abate, subside:-- Lege uppa þat geswollene and hyt sceal sóna settan. Lchdm. iii. 86, 19. Ðonne biþ ðæs innoþes sár settende, i. 74, 9. XIII. to compose a book, etc. :-- Ic ðás bóc wrát and sette . . . ic sette feówer béc. Bd. 5, 23; S. 647, 32-37. For ðisum þingum ic ðás bóc sette. Guthl. prol.; Gdwin. 4, 26. Sc̃e Isidorus ðe ðás bóc sette qui hunc librum instituit, L. Ecg. P. i. 6; Th. ii. 174, 16. Dauid ða sealmas sette, ðe wé æt Godes lofsangum singaþ, Homl. Th. ii. 576, 5. Se cyng hét ðone arcebisceop bóc settan the king ordered the archbishop to draw up a charter, Chart. Th. 376, 3. [Goth. satjan: O. Sax. settian: O. Frs. setta: O. H. Ger. sezzan: Icel. setja.] v. á-, an-, be- (bi-), for-, fore-, ge-, in-, of-, on-, tó-, un-, wið-, ymb-settan.
settaþ, Ps. Th. 9, 29 for sǽtaþ (?).
settend, es; m. An ordainer, appointer:-- Ðæt ðú ána eart éce Drihteu, weroda Waldend, sigora settend (sigeróf settend, Exon. Th. 188, 17; Az. 47), Cd. Th. 237, 5; Dan. 333. v. dóm-settend.
set-þorn some kind of tree:-- Andlang fura on sctþorn; of setþorne on fúlan ríþig, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 436, 14.
sewte, Andr. Kmbl. 1483; An. 743. v. sépan.
sí be:-- Him sí ábrogden hiora sceamu, Ps. Th. 108, 28. Hwæt hér sí gedón. Blickl. Homl. 179, 34. Hwǽðer hit sig ðe sóð ðe leás. Gen; 42, 16. Ðæs sig Metode þanc. Beo. Th. 3561; B. 1778. Ðæt gé witen hwæt hit sié, Past. 8; Swt. 53, 13. Gif ðú sié Godes sunu, Blickl. Homl. 27, 7. Him sió wuldor, Hy. 8, 4. Ðæt ðæt betst sý, ðæt mon seó foremǽre. Bt. 34, 2; Fox 82, 10. Gif heó leng sý ðonne hé if she live longer than he, L. Edm. B. 3; Th. i. 254, 13. Ðeáh ðe heora hundred seó. Ps. Th. 89, 10. Hé cwyð ðæt ic seó teónum georn, Cd. Th. 36, 34; Gen. 581: 309, 4; Sat. 704. Gyf ðú Godes sunu sý (sig, MS. A.: siǽ, Rush.), Mt. Kmbl. 4, 3. Sib sý (sig, MS. A.) eów, Lk. Skt. 24, 36. Ðæt gé ne sín (sié, Lind.) ymbhýdige, Mt. Kmbl. 6, 25. Sín (sién, Hatt. MS.) hira eágan áþístrode. Past. 1; Swt. 28, 9. Ðæt sién gewemmede ealle. Blickl. Homl. 245, 22. Ðæt mé æfter sié eaforan síne yrfeweardas, Cd. Th. 131, 28; Gen. 2183. Seón, Exon. Th. 96, 28; Cri. 1581. Sín (sé. Lind. : sié. Rush.), Mt. Kmbl. 6, 1. Ðæt hí sýn (sié, Lind.: siǽ. Rush.) án, Jn. Skt. 17, 11. 21, 22, 23. v. eom.
sib[b], e; f. I. relationship:-- Sybbe propinquitatis, Hpt. Gl. 469, 55. Gif hwá sibleger gewyrce, gebéte ðæt be sibbe mǽðe (according to the degree of relationship), L. C. S. 52; Th. i. 404, 25. Sameramis gesette ðæt nán forbyrd nǽre æt geligere betwuh nánre sibbe, Ors. 1, 2; Swt. 30, 35. On ðæs láfe ðe swá neáh wǽre on woruldcundre sibbe, L. Eth. vi. 12; Th. i. 318, 16. For ðære mǽglícan sibbe (of Christ and John), Homl. Th. i. 58, 6. Ðá com Swein eorl and bæd Beorn eorl, ðe wæs his eámes sunu, ðæt hé his geféra wǽre tó ðam cynge. Hé wende ðá for ðære sibbe mid him. Chr. 1050; Erl. 175, 18. Hréðel (the grandfather of Beowulf) sibbe gemunde, næs ic (Beowulf) him láðra beorn ðonne his bearna hwylc, Beo. Th. 4854; B. 2431. Hé biþ his móder twám sibbum (in two relationships, in double relationship) getǽht, ðæt hé biþ ǽgðer ge sunu ge bróðer, Wulfst. 193, 7. I a. in a spiritual sense, cf. gossip:-- Se cyning him tó godsuna onféng and tó tácne ðære sibbe him twá mǽgþe forgeaf (in signum adoptionis, duas illi provincias donavit), Bd. 4, 13; S. 582, 9. II. friendliness, kindness, the opposite of hostility :-- Sibbe cos pacis osculum, R. Ben. 82, 6. Ne gehýrde nǽnig man on his heortan & ellóht elles búton mildheortnesse and sibbe, Blickl. Homl. 225, 2. Ne mihte hé mid ðone cyning sibbe habban, ac mycel ungeþwǽrnys betwih him árás, Bd. 3, 14; S. 539, 35. Feóndscype dwæscaþ, sibbe sáwaþ, Exon. Th. 30, 31; Cri. 487. Á ic sibbe wið ðé healdan wille I will ever maintain my friendliness to thee, 177, 33; Gú. 1236. Gé hý mid sibbum sóhtun ye visited the sick with kind attentions, 83, 22; Cri. 1360. III. peace, the opposite of war :-- Æ-acute;gðer ge on sibbe ge on gewinne, Bt. 24, 2; Fox 82, 11. Hé him gebeád wið his sibbe (in pretium pacis) unrím máþma, Bd. 3, 24; S. 556, 8. Gif hí sibbe mid Godes mannum onfón ne woldan ðæt hí wǽron gefeoht fram heora feóndum onfónde si pacem cum fratribus accipere nollent, bellum ab hostibus forent accepturi, 2, 2; S. 503, 29: Chr. 605; Erl. 21, 28. Se bisceop betweox ðám cyningum sibbe geworhte, Bd. 4, 21; S. 590, 11. Eall ðeós worold geceás Agustuses frið and his sibbe, Ors. 5, 15; Swt. 250, 17. On ða tíd (in the golden age) wæs sibba genihtsumnes (an utter absence of wars), Blickl. Homl. 115, 9. IV. peace, concord, unity, absence of dissension or variance:-- Suá ðætte án sibb (sib, Cott. MSS.) Godes lufe bútan ǽlcum ungeráde ús gefége tósomne, Past. 36; Swt. 253, 22. Ongeán ðæt sint tó manienne ða ðe ða sibbe sáwaþ ðæt hié swá micel weorc tó unwærlíce ne dón and húru ðǽr ðǽr hié nyton hwæðer sió sibb (sib, Cote. MSS.) betre betwux gefæstnod biþ ðe ne biþ forðæm swá swíðe swá hit dereþ ðætte ǽnig wana sié ðære sibbe betwux ðǽm goodum swá swíðe hit eác dereþ ðæt hió ne sié gewanod betwux ðǽm yfelum. Forðæm gif ða unryhtwísan hiera yfel mid sibbe gefæstnigaþ and tósomne gemengaþ ðonne biþ geíced hiera mægen at contra admonendi sunt pacifici, ne tantae actionis pondus levigent, si, inter quos fundare pacem debeant, ignorent. Nam sicut multum nocet, si unitas desit bonis, ita valde est noxium, si non desit malis. Si ergo perversorum nequitia in pace jungitur, profecto eorum malis actibus robur augetur, 47, 3; Swt. 361, 5-12. Beó mannum sib and sóm gemǽne, and ǽlc sacu getwǽmed, L. Eth. v. 19; Th. i. 308, 29. Sibb, vi. 25; Th. i. 320, 28. Crist ðe ys ðære sibbe ealdor, Ælfc. T. Grn. 8, 1. Sibbe (sibbes, Lind., Rush.) beam, Lk. Skt. 10, 6. Mid sibbe cum consensu, Ps. Spl. 54, 15. Ðá wiste hé sumne híred ðe ungeþwǽre him betwéónum wǽron . . . hé wolde ðæt hié ealle on sibbe wǽron, Blickl. Homl. 225, 9. God sylfa bebeád ðæt wé sóðe sibbe heóldan and geþwǽrnesse ús betweónon habban, 109, 15 : Ps. Th. 33, 14. Ne wéne gé ðæt ic cóme sybbe on eorþan tó sendanne; ne com ic sybbe tó sendanne, ac swurd, Mt. Kmbl. 10, 34. Sybbe . . . tódál, Lk. Skt. 12, 51. Habbaþ sibbe betwux eów, Mk. Skt. 9, 50. Ðonne forlǽtaþ hí ða sibbe ðe hí nú healdaþ, and winþ heora ǽlc on óðer, and forlǽtaþ heora geférrǽdenne, Bt. 21; Fox 74, 34: Elen. Kmbl. 2411; El. 1207. V. peace, freedom from disturbance or molestation, tranquillity:-- Gerusalem is gereht sibbe gesyhþ (cf. sib-gesihþ), forðon ðe hálige sáula ðǽr restaþ, Blickl. Homl. 81, 1. Nú is ǽghwonon hreám and wóp and sibbe tólésnes, 115, 16. Iethro cwæþ: 'Gá on sybbe,'Ex. 4, 18. Hí ðá feówertig wintra wunodon on sibbe quievit terra per quadraginía annos, Jud. 5, 32. Beóþ on sibbe ða þing ðe hé áh, Lk. Skt. 11, 21. Hú wéne gé hwelce sibbe ða weras hæfden, ðonne heora wíf swá monigfeald yfel dónde wǽron? Ors. 1, 10; Swt. 50, 2. V a. the peace of a country, the king's peace:-- Ða kyningas ǽgðer ge hiora sibbe ge hiora onweald innanbordes gehióldon, Past. pref.; Swt. 3, 6. Hé (Augustus) bebeád ðæt eall moncynn áne sibbe hæfde, Ors. 5, 14; Swt. 248, 20. VI. peace of mind, freedom from agitation, fear, etc.:-- Sib sí mid eów, ne ondrǽde gé eów, Gen. 43, 23. Sý sibb betwux eów; ic hit eom, ne beó gé ná áfyrhte, Homl. Th. i. 220, 13: Jn. Skt. 20, 19. Ús biþ gearu sóna sibb æfter sorge, Andr. Kmbl. 3134; An. 1570. Léton ðone hálgan swefan on sibbe, blíðne bídan, 1663; An. 834. Wé mótan his ða wuldorfæstan onsýne mid sibbe sceáwian, Blickl. Homl. 103, 29. [Sæhte and sibbe, Laym. 6096. Off Daviþess kin and sibbe, Orm. 3315. We ne muʒe grið ne sibbe macie, O. E. Homl. i. 243, 14: O. and N. 1005. Goth. sibja relationship, adoption: O. Sax. sibbia relationship: O. Frs. sibbe: O. H. Ger. sippa, sibba adfinitas, propinquitas, pax, foedus : Icel. sifjar; pl. affinity; Sif the wife of Thor; she was the goddess of the sanctity of the family and wedlock, v. Grmm. D. M. 286 and R. A. 467.] v. bróðor-, cneów-, dryht-, friðu-, mǽg-, mǽgþ-, neáh-, níd-, un-sib[b], and next word.
sib[b]; adj. Sib (dial. e. g. Lancashire, Scottish), related; also absolute, one related, a relation (In god-sibbas the word is inflected as a noun, cf. Icel. sifr a near relation. In the passage below, Lk. 14, 12, the form may be taken as a weak noun, cf. Icel. sifi a relation by marriage, guðsifi a god-sib: O. L. Ger. sibbeo: O. H. Ger. sibbo consanguineus) :-- Ne biþ ná gelíc ðæt man wið swustor gehæ-acute;me and hit wæ-acute;re feor sibb (or ? feorsibb; cf. neáh-sibb), L. C. S. 52; Th. i. 404, 28. Ðæ-acute;r ne byþ sybbes lufu tó óðrum, Wulfst. 146, 13. Ðære sibban ob cognate, Wrt. Voc. ii. 64, 26. Hé biþ his móder on twám wísum tó sibbum getæ-acute;ht, ðæt hé biþ æ-acute;gðer ge sunu ge bróðer, Wulfst. 193, 7. Hát in gán seón sibbe gedriht samod ætgædere, Beo. Th. 779; 8. 387: 1462; 8. 729. (Grein takes sibbe as gen, of sibb, Thorpe and Heyne make it the first part of a compound. Cf. sib-gedryht.) Ðonne se deáþ cymeþ ásundraþ ðá sibbe ða ðe æ-acute;r somud wæ-acute;ron líc and sáwle when death comes, it separates then relations, who before were together, body and soul, Exon. Th. 367, 7; Seel. 4. Hé (Augustus) bebeád ðæt æ-acute;lc mæ-acute;gþ tógædere cóme, ðæt æ-acute;lc man ðý gearor wiste hwæ-acute;r hé gesibbe (sibbe, MS. C.) hæfde, Ors. 5, 14; Swt. 248, 17, Sibbo &l-bar; cúðo menn (gisibbe, Rush.) cognatos, Lk. Skt. Lind. 14, 12. [Hiss follc, þatt wass himm sibb o moderr hallfe, Orm. 19144. Sohhtenn himm betwenenn sibbe and cuþe (v. Lk. 2, 44), 8922. Bitwhwe sibbe, vlesliche oðer gostliche, A. R. 204, 20. Iosep bad sibbe (his kinsmen) cumen him biforen, Gen. and Ex. 2503. Who is sibbe to þis seuene . . . he is wonderliche welcome, Piers P. 5, 634. Sybbe or of kynne consanguineus, Prompt. Parv. 455. Goth. un-sibis impious: O. Frs. sibbe related: O. H. Ger. sippe.] v. ge-, neáh-sib[b].
sibaed sifted (?); arbatae, Txts. 43, 216. v. sife, sifeþa.
sib-æðeling, es; m. A prince and kinsman:-- Sibæðelingas (Beowulf and Wiglaf; a few lines before the former is spoken of as the mǽg of the latter). Beo. Th. 5409; B. 2708.
sibban (?); p. sifde (?) To rejoice:-- Sifeþ gaudet, Bd. 5, 23; S. 646, 35 note. [Goth. sifan; p. sifaida to rejoice.]
sibbian; p. ode To make people friends, make peace between disputants, reconcile:-- Se seðe ða unryhtwísan tósomne sibbaþ (pace social), hé seleþ ðære unryhtwísnesse fultom, Past. 47, 3; Swt. 361, 22. Sipbade paciscitur. Lk. Skt. p. 11. 2. On .iiii. nyhta mónan sibba ða cídenda[n] men, and ðú hié gesibbast, Lchdm. iii. 176, 25. Cyninge gebyreþ, ðæt hé eall cristen folc sibbie and sehte, L. I. P. 2; Th. ii. 304, 12. Sybbie, Wulfst. 266, 17. Wé lǽraþ, ðæt nán sacu, ðe betweox preóstan sí, ne beó gescoten tó worldmanna sóme, ac séman and sibbian heora ágene geféran, L. Edg. C. 7; Th. ii. 246, 4. Ðá wǽron on ðam tíman ungeþwǽre preóstas, ða hé wolde sibbian, Homl. Th. ii. 516, 5. v. ge-, un-sibbian.
sib-cwide, es; m. A speech professing peace and friendliness, fair words:-- Ða leásan men, ða ðe mid fungan treówa gehátaþ fægerum wordum . . . hafaþ on gehátum hunigsmæccas, sméðne sybcwide, Fragm. Kmbl. 54; Leás. 29.
sib-fæc, es; n. A degree of relationship:-- Æfre ne geweorðe, ðæt cristen man gewífige in .vi. manna sibfæce on his ágenum cynne, ðæt is þinnan ðam feórþan cneówe, L. Eth. vi. 12; Th. i. 318, 14: L. C. E. 7; Th. i. 364, 22. Cf. Christiani ex propinquitate sui sanguinis usque ad septimum gradum connubia non ducunt, Th. i. 257, note b, and ii. 19, note 1. v. Grmm. R. A. 468.
sib-gebyrda; pl. f. Relationship:-- Ic (Abraham) eom fædera ðín (Lot) sibgebyrdum, Cd. Th. 114, 8; Gen. 1901.
sib-gedryht, e; f. I. a band of kinsmen:-- Bád eall seó sib-gedriht (the Israelites) somod ætgædere. Cd. Th. 191, 13; Exod. 214. II. a peaceful band:-- Swinsaþ sibgedryht (the host of spirits who live in the peace and tranquillity of heaven), Exon. Th. 239. 8; Ph. 618. In ðam écean gefeán mid ða sibgedryht somud eard niman, 184, 18; Gú. 1346.
sib-gemágas; pl. m. Kinsmen:-- Heáhlond stigon sibgemágas (Abraham and Isaac), Cd. Th. 202, 10; Exod. 386.
sib-geornness, e; f. Eagerness for peace and kindness, love:-- Syb-geornes caritas Dei et proximi, Wulfst. 69, 2. Sihgeornes, 189, 21.
sib-gesihþ, e; f. A vision pf peace:-- Sibgesyhþe Hierosolymae (v. sib. V), Hpt. Gl. 447, 56.
sib-lác, es; n. A peace-offering:-- Ic ðé wille gesyllan míne siblác (hostias pacificas), L. Ath. i. prm.; Th. i. 196, 21.
sib-leger, es; m. An incestuous person:-- Be siblegerum. And æt siblegerum ða witan gerǽddan, ðæt cyng áh ðone uferan and bisceop ðone nyðeran, L. E. G. 4; Th. i. 168, 13-15. Cf. for-liger; m.
sib-leger, es; n. Incest:-- Be siblegere. Gif hwá sibleger gewyrce gebéte ðæt be sibbe mǽðe, L. C. S. 52; Th. i. 404, 24. Wearþ ðes þeódscype swýðe forsyngod þurh sibblegeru and þurh mistlíce forligru. Wulfst. 164, 5 : 165, 31.
sib-líc; adj. Of peace:-- Mid siblícum cosse, Homl. Skt. i. 22, 31. God biddan ðæt hé forgefe siblíce tíd and smyltelíco gewidra, Shrn. 74, 11. Wé sceolan ús geearnian ða siblecan wǽra Godes and manna, Blickl. Homl. 111, 3.
sibling, es; m. A relation, kinsman:-- Sibling affinis vel consangtuineus, Wrt. Voc. i. 72, 46: Homl. Th. i. 516, 14. Hæfst ðú suna oððe dohtra oððe áðum oððe ænigne sibling? Gen. 19, 12. Gebróðru vel siblingas fratres, Wrt. Voc. i. 53, 3. Ofsleáþ ðás ealdras, ðonne beóþ heora siblingas tó heófunge geneádode, Homl. Th. i. 88, 1. Fæder and móder and flǽsclíce siblingas, 398, 8. Úre frýnd geseón and úre siblingas gegrétan, ii. 526, 33. Siblingum contribulibus, propinquis, parentibus,Hpt. Gl. 472, 23. v. ge-sibling.
sib-lufu, an; f. Kindly affection, kindness, love such as exists between kinsmen:-- Ic (God) tó eów mid siblufan gecyrre þurh milde mód, Exon. Th. 366, 6; Reb. 8: 40, 7; Cri. 635. Hié (the fallen angels) of siblufan Godes áhwurfon, Cd. Th. 2, 25; Gen. 24. Git mé sibblufan and freóndscipe cýðaþ, 152, 3; Gen. 2514.
[sib-ræden[n], e; f. Affinity, relationship:-- þes ilce Willelm hæfde ǽror numen ðes eorles dohter of Angeow tó wífe oc hí wǽron siððen tótweamde for sibréden. Chr. 1127; Erl. 255, 21. The king him let uor sibrede todele fram is wif, R. Glouc. 492, 9. A sybredyñ consanguinitas, Cath. Ang. 338, where see note. See also sib-rit, sibbe-ridge, -red banns of marriage, E. D. S. Pub. B. 16.]
sib-sum;, adj. Peaceable, pacific, friendly:-- Sibsum pacificus, Rtl. 39, 9. Eálá ðú sóða and ðú sibsuma, Crist ælmihtig. Exon. Th. 14, 5; Cri. 214. Ða Gotan lustlíce sibbsummes friðes æt eów biddende sindon the Goths willingly ask for a friendly peace at your hands; Gothi societatem Romani foederis precibus sperant, Ors. 1, 10; Swt. 48, 22. Sibsume ɫ friðgeorne (ɫ friðsume, Rush.) pacifici, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 5, 9. [O. H. Ger. sippi-sam pacificus.] v. ge-sibsum.
sibsumlíce; adv. Peaceably, in peace:-- Sibsumlíce gebunden mid ðínum bebode. Bt. 33, 4; Fox 128, 31. v. ge-sibsumlíce.
sibsumness, e; f. Peaceableness, peace, tranquillity:-- Hé ðæt ríce heóld on gódre geþuǽrnesse and on micelre sibsumnesse. Chr. 860; Erl. 70, 34. Lufa sibsumnysse and geþwǽrnysse, Wulfst. 247, 1, [Þa weren alle mid sibsumnesse, O. E. Homl. i. 91, 17. Sibsumnesse eu beo among pax vobiscum, Misc. 54, 599.] v. ge-sibsumness.
sibsumung, sibun. v. ge-sibsumung, seofon.
síc, es; n. : but síce, es; m. seems also to occur. A sike. 'Sike a watercourse; applied to a natural as well as to an artificial stream; the latter usually constructed to receive the contents of field gutters, for discharge into the river.' Mid-Yorks. Gloss. See also E. D. S. Pub. 13, 15, and Old Farming Words, III :-- Sike a quillet or furrow. Jamieson gives sike a rill. Cuddie Headrigg says 'I took up the syke a wee bit.':-- Of ðam mere west . . . ðonne innan ánne síce, ðonne andlangc síces ðæt cymþ tó ðæm horpytte, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 37, 20-22. Of ðæm beorge on ðæt síc; ondlong síces ofer ðone bróc, 38, 28 : 35, 7. In wǽtan síce; of ðæm wǽtan síce in ða bakas, 382, 7: 386, 11. In ðæt wǽte sícc; of ðam síce, 386, 16. On ðæt eástre síc, 438, 28. In ðæt síc, 31, 12. [Syke rivus, Wrt. Voc. i. 195, col. 2. Icel. sík a ditch, trench: O. H. Ger. gi-sích stagnum, lacus, palus (cf. Scott, sike a marshy bottom with a small stream running through it), Grff. vi. 58.] Cf. seohtra.
sícan, sýcan; p. te To cause to suck, to suckle, give suck:-- Ðú sýcst hálgum breóste lactas sacrato ubere, Hymn. Surt. 75, 43. Ða breóst ðe ne síctun (sýctun, MS. A.) ubera quae non lactauenmt, Lk. Skt. 23, 29. v. ge-sícan, á-sícyd; súcan.
sícan; p. sác. I. to sike (still in dial. e. g. Lancashire), sigh, groan:-- On mínum bedde ic síce and wépe, Ps. Th. 6, 5. II. to sigh for, long for :-- Ðæt wǽron ða tída ðe Rómáne nú ǽfter sícaþ en tempora . . . quibus recordatio suspirat, Ors. 2, 8; Swt. 92, 35. [Seoruhfulnesse made him siken sore, A. R. 110, 13. Wepenn & sikenn sare & suhh&yogh;henn, Orm. 7924. Þe king gon siche (sike, 2nd MS.) sare, Laym. 12772. He sikede, Jul. 20, 9. Sike, Horn. 426: Havel. 291. She neither weep ne syked, Clerkes Tale 545. Thanne syked Sathan, Piers P. 18, 263.] v. á-, on-sícan, and following words.
sice, es; m. A sigh, groan; gemitus :-- Ic mé on Godes helde bebeode wiðð ðane sára[n] sice, wið ðane sára[n] slege, wið ðane grymma[n] gryre� an wiþ eal ðæt láð ðe intó land fare, Lchdm. i. 388, 12. [He weorp a sic a with þat sare were iwundet, Jul. 21, 12. He ne fecheð noht þe sore siches on neðerward his heorte, O. E. Homl. Ii. 83, 26. Mid seoruhfule sikes, A. R. 284, 3. Ðor sat his moder in sik and sor, Gen. and Ex. 1239. With a sik she seyde, Tr. and Cr. 3, 207. Amang his sobbes and his sikes sore, 4, 50.]
sicerian; p. ode To ooze, of a fluid, to make way through a small opening :-- Swíðe lytlum siceraþ ðæt wæter and swíðe dégellíce on ðæt hlece scip and ðeáh hit wilnaþ ðæs ilcan ðe sió hlúde ýð, ðéþ on ðære hreón sǽ búton hit mon ǽr út áweorpe by very small quantities and with very great secrecy does the water make its way into the leaky ship, and yet it has the same intention as the loud wave in the rough sea, unless it be cast out beforehand; hoc agit sentina latenter excrescens, quod patenter procella saeviens, Past. 57, 1; Swt. 437. 14. [Ger. sickern to ooze, trickle.]
sicet[t], es; n. A sigh, groan :-- On siccetum in gemitibus, Ps. Lamb. 30, 10.
sicet[t]an, siccet[t]an; p. te. I. to sigh, groan :-- Sicetit singultat, Wrt. Voc. ii. 120, 50. Ðá begann se ealda siccetan and mid wópe wearþ ofergoten, Ælfc. T. Grn. 18, 1. II. as opposed to expressing grief by speech (?) :-- Ða unryhtwísan sicettaþ (siccettaþ, Cott. MSS.) on ðæ-acute;m þiéstrum impii in tenebris conticescent, Past. 11, 1; Swt. 65, 12. Siccitan conticiscent, silebant, Wrt. Voc. ii. 135. 15.
sicet[t]ung, siccet[t]ung, e; f. A sigh, sob, heavy or short breathing, sighing :-- Siccetung suspirium, Wrt. Voc. i. 19, 34. Siccitung singultus, 46, 19. Mé ðiós siccetung hafaþ ágǽled, ðes geocsa, Met. 2, 4. Mín geár wǽron on sicetunga and on gestæne (in gemitibus), Ps. Th. 30, 11. Sicetunge singultu, Hpt. Gl. 514, 66. In sicettunge and geoxunge in singultum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 46, 8. Getogene sicetunge ducta suspiria, Hpt. Gl. 511, 41. Heófunga sicetungum lamentorum singultibus, 472, 57. Siccitungum, 504, 63. Hé angsumlíce siccetunga teáh swá ðæt hé earfoþlíce orðian mihte he drew his breath painfully and heavily, so that he could hardly breathe, Homl. Th. i. 86, 8. Hé wearþ ðá gesícelod and siccetunga teáh of niwellícum breóste on bedde licgende he fell ill and drew sighs from the bottom of his heart, as he lay in his bed, Homl. Skt. i. 7, 65.
Sicilie; pl. The Sicilians, the people of Sicily, or (as in the older stage of the language the name of a people was used where now that of their country is put) Sicily. [In this sense the Latin form also occurs :-- Sicilia, églond micel, Met. 1, 15. Sicilia ðæt ígland is þrýscýte, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 28, 2. On Sicilia ðæm londe, 2, 6; Swt. 88, 31. Betwux ðám muntum and Sicilia ðam eálonde, Bt. 1; Fox 2, 4] :-- Sicilie ungeráde wæ-acute;ron him betweónum, Ors. 2, 7; Swt. 90, 6. Hit Sicilia fela ofslóg, 2, 6; Swt. 88, 32. Sicilia folc, burh, 4, 6; Swt. 170, 20, 30. Sicilia íglond insulas Siciliae, Swt. 172, 30. On Sicilium in Sicilia, 4, 4; Swt. 164, 23: 5, 3; Swt. 222, 27. Of Sicilium ex Sicilia, 4, 6; Swt. 174, 20. Hí wunnon on Sicilie (adversus Siculos), 4, 5; Swt. 168, i9. Hé gefór mid firde an Sicilie cum in Sicilia bellum gereret, Swt. 166, 6: 4, 10; Swt. 194, 3.
Sicilisc; adj. Sicilian : - Sicili[s]c, Sicul inberdli(n)c ɫ burhleód, Sicilisc inbyrdlincg siculus indigena, Sici[li]ensis incivis, Hpt. Gl. 499, 35-39. Se Sicilisca Siculus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 84, 26.
síclian, sícelian; p. ode To sicken, be or fall sick :-- Lange hé síclaþ diu egrotat, Lchdm. iii. 151, 8. Sícclaþ (síclaþ, MS. T.), 13. [Ðá wæs Leófríc abbot of Burh æt þ̄ ilca feord, and sǽclode ðǽr, and com hám, and wæs dǽd sóne ðǽr æfter, Chr. 1066; Erl. 203, 12. Þat ilce ðæi þat Martin abbot of Burch sculde þider faren, þa sǽclede hé & ward déd .iv. no. Jañ., 1154; Erl. 266, 10.] [Leste oure soule secli, A. R. 50, 20. O. H. Ger. siechelón languere.] v. ge-síclian.
sicol (-el, -ul), es; m. A sickle :-- Ðes sicol haec falx, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 72; Zup. 73, 6: Wrt. Voc. i. 85, 2 : falciola vel falcicula, 34, 63. Sicul falx, ii. 146, 77. Sicel baxus, 12, 53: Wülck: Gl. 193, 9. Ne ríp ðú ná mid sicele (falce), Deut. 23, 25. Hé sent his sicol mittit falcem, Mt. Skt. 4, 29. Hé sceal sicol habban, Anglia ix. 263, 5. [O. H. Ger. sihhila; f. falx, falcicula : Ger. sichel. Probably from Latin secula.]
sicor; adj. with gen. Secure front, free from guilt and the punishment it brings, safe, free from danger or harm, sure, certain, free from doubt :-- Swá ús biþ æt Gode ðonne wé wið hine gesyngiaþ; ðeáh wé nǽfre eft swá ne dón, gif wé ðæt gedóne mid nánum þingum ne bétaþ ne ne hreówsiaþ, ne bió wé nó ðæs sicore; gif ús ðæt ne mislícaþ ðæt ús ǽr lícode, ðonne ne biþ hit nó ús færgiefen. Ðeáh wé nú náuht yfeles ne dón on ðisse worulde, ne sculon wé ðeáh forðý bión tó orsorge, gif wé náuht tó góde ne dóþ; forðæmðe swíðe fela unáléfedes wé oft geþenceaþ. Hú mæg se ðonne bión orsorg, se ðe him self wát, ðæt hé gesyngaþ ita et cum Deo delinquimus, nequaquam satisfacimus, si ab iniquitate cessamus, nisi voluptates quoque, quas dileximus, e contrario appositis lamentis insequamur. Si enim nulla nos in hac vita operum culpa maculasset, nequaquam nobis hic adhuc degentibus ipsa ad securitatem innocentia nostra sufficeret; quia illicita animum multa pulsarent. Qua ergo mente securus est, qui perpetratis iniquitatibus ipse sibi testis est, quia innocens non est? Past. 54, 5; Swt. 425, 3, 10. [Hi harm hadde, hii wende þat hii siker were, Laym. 9401 (2nd MS.). Dead is þe king & siker þu miht hider comen, 15092. Wá wes Brutten þere, þenne heo wenden beon sikere, 29289. Be þu sikerr þatt he shall þe &yogh;ifenn eche blisse, Orm. 4844. Beoð ancren wise, þet habbeð wel bituned ham a&yogh;ein þe helle leun, uorte beon þe sikerure, A. R. 164, 12. Ne migten he siker ben, for magnie of ðo woren ouertaken, Gen. and Ex. 876. Þat ich mowe a siker bold arere, R. Glouc. 116, 1. Syker þou be Engelond ys nou þyn, 359, 9. Hit is sikerest in þi heeued (safest to sprinkle water on the head at baptism), Shoreham. Þai salle be þare syker and certayne To have endeless joy, Pr. C. 8559. A man hath most honour To deyen ... whan he is siker of his goode name, Chauc. Kn. T. 2191. Her none sikerer þan other, Piers P. 12, 162 note. O. Frs. sikur (-er) free from guilt; sure, trustworthy: O. Sax. (sundiono) sikur (-or) : O. H. Ger. sihhur securus, immunis, liber, tutus. From Latin securus.]
síd; adj. I. wide, broad, spacious, ample, extensive. (a) applied to the world, universe, ocean, etc. :-- Ðiós síde gesceaft þénaþ and þiówaþ the wide world ministers and serves, Met. 29, 76. Eorþe and síd wæter earth and ocean broad, Cd. Th. 7, 2; Gen. 100. Geseah sceado swiðrian geond sídne grund, 8, 35; Gen. 134. Sǽs sídne grund, Exon. Th. 349, 2; Sch. 40. Geond sídne sǽ, 53, 19; Cri. 853. Sǽs sídne fæðin, Elen. Kmbl. 1454; El. 729. Is ðæs fýres frumstól ofer eallum óðrum gesceaftum geond ðisne sídne grund, Met. 20, 127. (b) applied to a tract of land, to a kingdom, etc., v. síd-land :-- Síde ríce a broad realm, Beo. Th. 4404; B. 2199. Nyttade Noe mid sunum sínum sídan ríces, Cd. Th. 96, 24; Gen. 1599. Unlytel dǽl sídre foldan (the district of Sodom and Gomorrah), 154. 5; Gen. 2551. Sennar sídne and wídne Shinar's plain broad and wide, 99, 33; Gen. 1655. Síde sǽlwongas, 78, 14; Gen. 1293. Síde sǽnæssas, Beo. Th. 451; B. 223. Hé wealdeþ sídum rícum he shall rule broad realms, Ps. Th. 71, 8. (c) applied to a comparatively small surface :-- Ic bere sídne scyld, Beo. Th. 879; B. 437. Setton síde scyldas wið weal, 656; B. 325. Síde weallas, Exon. Th. 1, 9; Cri. 5. (d) applied to a number of people who cover a wide space, v. síd-folc :-- Sécan síde herge, Exon. Th. 33, 12; Cri. 524. Weorode, síde herge, Beo. Th. 4683; B. 2347. Síde worude (? worulde, MS.), Cd. Th. 118, 11; Gen. 1963. Ofer síd weorod, Elen. Kmbl. 316; El. 158. Síde þeóde, Ps. Th. 117, 10. Síde hergas, Cd. Th. 194, 14; Exod. 260: Andr. Kmbl. 1304; An. 652. (e) figuratively, far-reaching, large :-- Geþolode wine Scyldinga weána gehwylcne, sídra sorga, Beo. Th. 300; B. 149. Ic worn hæbbe sídra sorga gehýred, Exon. Th. 11, 13; Cri. 170. Ne behwylfan mæg heofon and eorþe his wuldres word wíddra and síddra ðonne befæðman mǽge foldan sceátas (stretching too far and wide to be embraced), Cd. Th. 204, 31; Exod. 427. II. capacious, ample, spacious, large :-- Glóf síd, Beo. Th. 4178; B. 2086. In sídum ceóle, Exon. Th. 345, 10; Gn. Ex. 186. On ðyssum sídan sele, Cd. Th. 273, 3; Sat. 131. Geond ðæt síde sel, Andr. Kmbl. 1523; An. 763. Con hé sídne ræced fæste gefégan, Exon. Th. 296, 7; Crä,. 47. II a. figuratively of the capacity of the mind :-- On sídum sefan, Exon. Th. 169,17; Gú. 1096. Þurh sídne sefan, Beo. Th. 3456; B. 1726. Sefan sídne geþanc and snytro cræft, Cd. Th. 249, 26; Dan. 536. III. long, hanging, of ample length, of clothes, hair, etc., v. síd-feax :-- Síd reáf swilce méteras wyrceþ on anlícnesse toga, Wrt. Voc. i. 41, 3. Iohannes geseah úrne Drihten mid alban gescrídne, and seó wæs síd niðer óþ ða andcleówa (it reached down to the ancles, cf. Icel. kné-, skó-síðr reaching to the knee, the shoes (of dress) ), L. Ælfc. P. 15;Th. ii. 370, 3. Herebyrne síd (cf. Icel. brynja rúm ok síð), Beo. Th. 2892; B. 1444. Mid sídum bearde (cf. Icel. sítt skegg), Homl. Th. i. 466, 24. Síde beardas, 456, 18. Se beard and ðæt feax him wǽron óþ ða fét síde (cf. Icel. lokkar siðir til jarðar), Shrn. 120, 25. Hí habbaþ beardas óþ cneów síde and feax óþ helan barbas habentes usque ad genua, comas usque ad talos, Nar. 35, 2 : 38, 8. Wíf habbaþ beardas swá síde óþ heora breóst, 38, 2. [Now wers men short and now syde, Pr. C. 1534. Syyd, as clothys talaris, Prompt. Parv. 455 where see note. See also Halliwell Dict. side. Icel. síðr long, hanging.]
síd-ádl, e; f. Pleurisy :-- On sídan lama vel sídádl pleuriticus, Wrt. Voc. i. 19, 31. Cf. síd-wærc.
sídan; adv. From a wide area :-- Of gehwilcum stówum wýdan and sýdan gegaderod, Cod. Dip. B. ii. 389, 23. Cf. next word.
síde; adv. Widely, extensively, amply :-- Síde prolixius, Hpt. Gl. 526, 60. ¶ The word generally occurs along with wíde, far and wide :-- &dash-uncertain;Síde and wíde longe lateque, Wrt. Voc. ii. 53, 59: Cd. Th. 8, 3; Gen. 118: El. 554; El. 277. Hé Godes lof ræ-acute;rde wíde and síde, Chr. 959; Erl. 119, 26: Cd. Th. 1, 20: Gen. 101. Is wuldur ðín wíde and síde ofer ðás eorþan ealle in omnem terram gloria tua, Ps. Th. 56, 6, 13. Gesamnadon weras wíde and síde, Andr. Kmbl. 3273; An. 1639. Cyn&dash-uncertain;ingas hine wíde worðodon síde, Chr. 975; Erl. 125, 23. Ealra læ-acute;ca ðæra ðe gewurde wíde oððe síde, Hy. 1, 7. [Þis wes itald wide and side, Laym. 29902. Wide and side spelledd iss, Orm. 5900. Sidder (hanging) lower, Piers P. 5, 193.] Cf. preceding word.
síde, an; f. I. a side, flank, of living things :-- Síde latus, Wrt, Voc. i. 44, 24: ii. 51, 72: lumbus, 113, 29. Wið ðære swíðran sídan sáre and ðære winestran, Lchdm. ii. 6, 3. On sídan lama pleuriticus, Wrt. Voc. i. 19, 31. Hé Hǽlend genom be sídan, Cd. Th. 299, 5; Sat. 545. Hit (the horse) ongan walwian and on gehwæðere sídan hit oferweorpan (in diversum latus vicissim sese volvere), Bd. 3, 9; S. 533, 40. Án ðæra cempena geopenode his sídan (sídu, Lind. : sído, Rush.) mid spere, Jn. Skt. 19, 34. Sídan (ða sídu &l-bar; ðæt sídu, Lind. : ða sído, Rush.) latus, 20, 20. II. side of a house, ship, etc. :-- Duru ðú setst be ðære sídan (the side of the ark), Gen. 6, 16: Past. 22; Swt. 169, 24. Ðæt scyp on sídan licgende, Bd. 5, 9; S. 623, 21. III. marking direction on this or that side :-- Ðeós þridde India hæfþ on ánre sídan þeóstru, on óðere gársecg, Homl. Th. i. 454, 14. Æ-acute;fre byþ on sumre sídan ðære eorþan dæg, and ǽfre on sumre sídan niht, Lchdm. iii. 234, 27: Anglia viii. 319, 39. IV. of descent, cf. on the father's, mother's side :-- Hig wǽron ácennede of Constantines sídan, ðæt ys of gestreónde, Shrn. 97, 6. [O. Sax. sída : O. Frs. síde: O. H. Ger. síta Icel. síða.]
síde, an; f. Silk :-- Sídan sericum, Coll. Monast. Th. 27, 7. [O. H. Ger. sída sericum : Ger. seide. From Mid. Lat. seta. Cf. Span. seda : Ital. seta : Fr. soie.] v. síd-wyrm, síden.
síd-ece, es; m. Side-ache :-- Drenc wið sídece, Lchdm. iii. 48, 9, 18.
side-ful[l]; adj. I. of good behaviour or manners, honest, modest, virtuous, sober :-- Sideful pudicus, Wrt. Voc. i. 51, 33. Se árfæst snoter eádmod sidefull séfre clǽne wæs qui pius, prudens, humilis, pudicus, sobrius, castus fuit, Hymn. Surt. 137, 1. Sidefull mann and mid þeáwum gefrætwod, Homl. Th. i. 596, 31. Sideful pudica, casta, Hpt. Gl. 439, 16. On ánre tíde twá mǽdencild cumaþ, and biþ ðæt án sydefull and ðæt óðer sceandlíc, Homl. Skt. i. 5, 280. Sidefulre pudicae, castae, Hpt. Gl. 428, 48. Ða heáhfæderas wǽron sidefulle on þeáwum and sýferlíce lybbende, Homl. As. 37, 327. Wé witon ðæt manega sydefulle clericas (many honest clerks) nyton hwæt byþ quadrans, Anglia viii. 306, 27. II. of dress, sober, modest, decorous :-- Mid háligre drohtnunge and sidefullum gyrlan, Homl. Th. i. 546, 25. [Sannte Mar&yogh;e wass shammfasst & daffte & sedefull, Orm. 2175.] v. un-sidefull.
sidefullíce; adv. Virtuously, decorously :-- Sidefullíce honeste, Germ. 389. 33.
sidefulness, e; f. Honesty, modesty, sobriety :-- Clǽnnyss and sidefulnys eówres líchaman and sáule castitas atque sobrietas corporis simul et spiritus vestri, Cod. Dip. B. i. 155, 13. Sidefulnysse pudicitiae, Hpt. Gl. 433, 56. Mæg[þ]hádlícere sidefulnysse pudicitiae (castitatis) virginalis, 440, 65 : 447, 9. Wífmen ne beón bútan sidefulnysse. Homl. Skt. i. 13, 120. v. un-sidefulness.
side-líc; adj. Sober, sedate, modest :-- Of sidelícre ansýne serio, Germ. 389, 36. [O. H. Ger. situ-líh moralis, deliberatus : Ger. sitt-lich : Icel. sið-ligr well-bred.]
sidelíce; adv. In a proper manner, suitably :-- Monige scylda openlíce witene beóþ tó forberanne ðonne ðæs þinges tíma ne biþ ðæt hit mon sidelíce gebétan mǽge . . . Ac ðonne se láreów ieldende sécþ ðone tíman ðe hé his hiéremenn sidelíce on þreátigean mǽge . . . nonnulla aperte cognita mature toleranda sunt, cum rerum minime opportunitas congruit, ut aperte corrigantur . . . Sed cum tempus subditis ad correptionem quaeritur . . ., Past. 21, 2; Swt. 153, 1-6. [O. H. Ger. situlího rite : Icel. siðliga nicely.]
síden; adj. Silken, of silk :-- Síden sericum, Hpt. Gl. 417, 34. [O. H. Ger. sédín sericeus : Ger. seiden.]
sidesa (?), sidsa, an; m. A charm (?), magical influence (?) :--Wið ælfe and wið uncúþum sidsan, Lchdm. ii. 296, 10. [Cf. (?) Icel. síða to work a charm; seiðr a spell, charm, enchantment.] Cf. ælf-siden.
sideware, an; f. Zedoary :-- Nim sidewaran, Lchdm. iii. 10, 30. [O. H. Ger. citawar, zitwar : Ger. zitwer : Low Lat. zedoaria, zeduarium (v. hoc zeduarium zeduarye, Wrt. Voc. i. 227, col. 1) from Arabic zedwár. From a French form citoual comes Mid. E. zeduale, A. R. 370, 11, cetewale. Chauc. Group B 1951, see Skeat's note on the passage.]
síd-fæðme; adj. Broad of bosom, of a ship, broad in the beam :-- Hé sǽlde tó sande sídfæðme scip, Beo. Th. 3839; B. 1917. Cf. wíd-fæðme.
síd-fæðmed; adj. Broad-bosomed, broad-beamed :-- Seomode on sole sídfæðmed scip, Beo. Th. 610; B. 302.
síd-feax, -feaxe, -fexe; adj. With long hair :-- Absalon wæs sídfeaxe, Homl. Skt. i. 19, 221 MS. U. Sídfexe capillatus, Ælfc. Gr. 43; Zup. 256, 10 note. Hí lange tíd eodon ealle unscorene and sídfeaxe, Th. Ap. 6, 12. Sume gáþ sídfeaxe, ðæt hý þurh ðæt wiðmetene sýn Samuele and Elian and óðerum hálgum ðe sídfeaxe wǽron, R. Ben. 135, 27-30. v. síd, III, and next word.
síd-feaxode, -fexede; adj. Long-haired :-- Absalon wæs sídfæxede (-feaxode, MS. D.), Homl. Skt. i. 19, 221. Sídfexede capillatus, Ælfc. Gr. 43; Zup. 256, 10. v. preceding word.
síd-folc, es; n. A people occupying an extensive space, (1) a multitude :-- Sídfolc micel (the multitude that accompanied St. Juliana's body), Exon. Th. 284, 4; Jul. 692. (2) a great people, great nation :-- God hí of sídfolcum gesamnade Dominus de regionibus congregavit eos, Ps. Th. 106, 2. v. síd, Id; wíd-folc.
sídian; p. ode To make or to become wide, ample (síd) :--Sídaþ, Exon. Th. 354, 53; Reim. 65. v. be-sídian; sídung.
síd-land, es; n. A broad, spacious land :-- Sceal fromcynne folde ðíne, sídland manig, geseted wurðan, Cd. Th. 133, 3; Gen. 2205. Sǽs and sídland, 148, 3; Gen. 2451. Cf. wíd-land.
sídling-weg, es; m. A road that runs obliquely (?) :--Ofer feld on ða rihtlandgemǽre on ðone sídlingweg tó wuda, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 446, 19. Cf. Halliwell Dict. sidelings aslant, sideways : Jamieson sideling, oblique; sydlingis obliquely, not directly.
síd-rand. es; m. A broad shield :-- Ðá wæs on healle heardecg togen sweord ofer setlum, sídrand manig hafen. Beo. Th. 2583; B. 1289.
sidsan, Lchdm. ii. 296, 10. v. sidesa.
sidu, seodu, siodu (o); gen. dat. a; m. I. a custom, use, manner, habit, practice :-- Ðæt heó cóme tó him mid hire cynehelme, swá swá heora seodu wæs, Anglia ix. 28, 31. Micel sido mid Rómwarum wæs, Bt. 27, 1; Fox 96, 2. Se sido ðe sume men secgaþ ðæt [hé] sié méde wyrðe, sume men secgaþ ðæt hé sié wýtes wyrðe, 39, 9; Fox 226, 4. Hé dyde him ðæt ríceter tó sida (sioda, Cott. MSS.) and tó gewunan ministerium regiminis vertit in usum dominationis, Past. 121, 9; Swt. 121, 19; Ðú ne meaht hiora sidu and heora gecynd onwendan, Bt. 7, 2; Fox 18, 30. God gesette unáwendendlícne sido and þeáwas his gesceaftum, 21; Fox 74, 1 : Met. 11, 12. Þeóda swíðe ungelíca æ-acute;gðer ge on spræ-acute;ce ge on þeáwum ge on eallum sídum nationes lingua, moribus, totius vitae ratione distantes, Bt. 18, 2; Fox 62, 30. Ia. a religious practice, a rite (cf. Icel. siðr religion, faith, Kristinn, heiðinn siðr Christianity, heathenism) :--Moyses wolde Obab ob ðæs hæ-acute;ðendómes siðum álæ-acute;dan cum Hobab a gentilitatis conversatione vellet educere, Past. 41, 5; Swt. 304, 9. II. good conduct, morality, modesty :-- Hádlícere side (fæ-acute;mnhádlícere sidefulnysse (?) v. sidefulness) virginalis pudicitiae (castitatis), Hpt. Gl. 449, 4. Side (? -fulnysse) pudicitia, castitate, 454, 53. Ða kyningas (of England) æ-acute;gðer ge hiora sibbe ge hiora siodo (sido, Cott. MSS.) ge hiora onweald gehióldon the kings maintained peace, morality, and power, Past. pref.; Swt. 3, 7. Gif hé þurh cúscne siodo læ-acute;st mína lára if by modest conduct he carry out my instructions, Cd. Th. 39, 2; Gen. 618. [Goth. sidus góds boni mores : O. Sax. sidu a custom : O. Frs. side : O. H. Ger. situ mos, consuetudo, habitus, usus, ritus, indoles, moralitas : Icel. siðr.] v. land-, un-sidu.
sídung, e; f. An extension, augmentation :-- Ymbe ðises bissextus gefyllednysse wé wyllaþ rúmlícor iungum cnihtum geopenian . . . ðæt hig syððan his sýdunge óðrum gecýðon . . . De augmentatione bissexti, (then follows the promised account), Anglia viii. 306, 16.
síd-wærc, es; m. A pain in the side :-- Wið sídwærce, Lchdm. ii. 62, 24 : 256, 12 : iii. 20, 20.
síd-weg, es; m. A road that stretches far; in the plural distant parts :-- Ðá wæs gesamnod of sídwegum mægen unlytel, Elen. Kmbl. 564; El. 282. Fugla cynn on healfa gehwone heápum þringaþ sígaþ sídwegum contrahit in coetum sese genus omne volantum, Exon. Th. 221, 19; Ph. 337. Cf. wíd-weg.
síd-wyrm, es; m. A silk-worm :-- Siolucwyrm oððe sídwyrm bombix, Wrt. Voc. ii. 12, 22. Sýdwyrm, i. 24, 6. [O. H. Ger. sída-wurm.]
sié, siemle, sién (be), sién (vision), siendon, sient, siére, sierede, siex. v. sí, simle, sí, sín, sind, seár, sirwan, six.
sife, es; n. A sieve :-- Sibi crebrum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 105, 41. Sife crebrum, cribellum, 136, 62 : cribrum, i. 34, 41 : cribra vel cribellum, 83, 20. Lytel sife cribellum, 34, 42. Ásift smale þurh smæl sife sift fine through a fine sieve, Lchdm. ii. 94, 2 : 72, 28. Man sceal habban . . . syfa . . . hérsyfe, Anglia ix. 264, 13. [O. H. Ger. sib; n. cribrum, cribellum.] v. hǽr-, windwig-sife.
sífer, sifeþ, v. sýfer, sibban.
sifeþa, seofoþa; pl. f. : but also sifeþa, an; m. I. siftings, bran, chaff :-- Sifeþa furfur, Wrt. Voc. i. 67, 49 : acus, 83, 19. Sifiþan, siuida furfures, Txts. 65, 940. Syfeþa, Wrt. Voc. ii. 38, 75. Swá swá mon melo sift; ðæt melo þurhcrýpþ ǽlc þyrel and ða siofoþa (syfeþa, Cott. MS.) weorþaþ ásyndred. Bt. 34, 11; Fox 152, 3. Genim ðysse wyrte sǽd on ele gesodene and mid syfeþon gemencged, Lchdm. i. 282, 1. Dó seofoþa on sealt wæter, ii. 262, 13. Riges seofoþa, 48, 20. Oferwylle on ðam selfan ecede sifeþan, 250, 23. II. useless seeds, tares :-- Áta ɫ sifþa ɫ unwæstm zizania, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 13, 38. Sifþe, 13, 25. Sifþena zizaniorum, p. 17, 5. [Syvedys or brynne or palyys furfur, Prompt. Parv. 457.]
siftan; p. te To sift, pass through a sieve :-- Ic syfte cribro, Ælfc. Gr. 24; Zup. 137, 10. Siftiþ (-it, -id) crebrat, Txts. 55, 596. Syfteþ, Wrt. Voc. ii. 15, 44. Sift, 136, 61. Swá swá mon melo sift (seft. Cott. MS.), Bt. 34, 11; Fox 152, 2. Sifte. cribraret, Wrt. Voc. ii. 74, 3. Syfte, 15, 57. v. á-, be-, ge-siftan.
sig (?) himself :-- Se ðe gebysmreþ sig qui se polluerit, L. Ecg. iv. 68, 16; Th. ii. 230, 14.
sígan; p. sáh, pl. sigon; pp. sigen. I. to pass from a higher to a lower position, to sink, descend, decline, fall down :-- Hé (a man hung on a tree) on wyrtruman sígeþ, fealleþ on foldan, Exon. Th. 328, 29; Vy. 25. Ðá hé on eorþan sáh cadens in terram, Bd. 3, 12; S. 537, 31. Hí áheówon ðæt treów ðæt hit brastliende sáh tó ðam hálgan were. Ðá worhte hé ongeán ðam hreósendum treówe róde tácn, Homl. Th. ii. 508, 33. Him sáh (here, or from seón (?), but cf. Icel. höfðu út sigit iðrin í þat sárit) se innoþ eall út, L. Ælfc. C. 3; Th. ii. 344, 6. Sitte gé sigewíf, sígaþ tó eorþan (in a charm for bees), Lchdm. i. 384, 24. Ðú gestaþoladest eorþan swíðe wundorlíce . . . nánwuht eorþlíces hí ne healt, ðæt hió ne síge, and nis hire éðre tó feallanne ofdúne ðonne up, Bt. 33, 4; Fox 130, 37. Ne mæg hió hider ne ðider sígan, Met. 20, 165. Hit hreósan wile, sígan sond æfter réne, 7, 23. Ic sígan lǽte wællregn ufan I will cause to descend destructive rain from above, Cd. Th. 81, 23; Gen. 1349. Gewát se wilda fugel earce sécan, wérig sígan tó handa hálgum rince, 88, 9; Gen. 1462. Sígende preceps, Germ. 399, 460. [Þe kinge sah to grunde (deide, 2nd MS.), Laym. 10255. Scal þi saule siʒen to helle 14589.] Ia. to sink as the sun to its setting :--Heó (the sun) síhþ tó ðam tácne (Aries) óþ ǽfen, Anglia viii. 307, 20. Tungla torhtast tó sete sígeþ, Menol. Fox 221; Men. 112. Ealle stiorran sígaþ æfter sunnan under eorþan grund, Met. 29, 15. Sió æþele gesceaft (the sun) sáh tó setle, Chr. 937; Erl. 112, 17. [The sunne arist anes a dai and eft sigeð, O. E. Homl. ii. 109, 22.] Ib. in a figurative sense :--Ða men ðe sígaþ on ðisses middangeardes lufan óþ ðæt hié áfeallaþ of hiera ryhtwísnessum cadentes a sua rectitudine animas, atque in hujus mundi se delectatione reclinantes, Past. 19, 1; Swt. 143, 16. Mé on sáh unrihtes feala declinaverunt in me iniquitates, Ps. Th. 54, 3. Swá swá wé sigon ǽr on ðæt unáliéfede óþ ðæt wé áfeóllon qui per illicita defluendo cecidimus, Past. 54, 5; Swt. 425, 15. Ðonne áginþ hé sylf sígan oððe áfylþ inclinavit se et cadet, Ps. Th. 9, 30. Forlǽte heteníþa gehwone sígan, Exon. Th. 352, 23; Sch. 101. II. to move towards a point (cf. to make a descent upon a place) :--Fugla cynn on healfa gehwone heápum þringaþ sígaþ sídwegum contrahit in coetum sese genus omne volantum, Exon. Th. 221, 19; Ph. 337. Godwine sáh him ǽfre tówerd Lundenes mid his liþe ðæt hé com tó Súþgeweorce Godwin kept moving towards London with his force until he came to Southwark, Chr. 1052; Erl. 184, 19. Ðæt folc him sáh eall onbútan the people pressed upon him on all sides, Homl. Skt. i. 23, 650. Eall seó burhwaru sáh út ætgædere ongeán ðæs cáseres tócyme the whole town moved out together in the direction of the emperor's approach, 814. Guman sigon ætsomne. Beo. Th. 619; B. 307. Gif ðú ne wilt wirde steóran ac on selfwille sígan lǽtest (cf. gif seó wyrd swá hweorfan mót on yfelra manna gewill, and ðú heore nelt stýran, Bt. 4; Fox 8, 18), Met. 4, 50. Him englas tógeánes heápum cwóman sígan, Exon. Th. 34, 30; Cri. 550. [Engles sihen in to heouene, Jul. 77, 7. Heo siʒen to his hærme, Laym. 8682. Forð heo gunnen siʒen, 29071.] IIa. of the movement of time :--Iunius síhþ tó mancynne . . . Agustus síhþ tó mannum, Anglia viii. 311, 6-17. Solmónaþ sígeþ tó túne, Menol. Fox 32; Men. 16. IIb. figurative :--Sigon tó slǽpe they sank to sleep, Beo. Th. 2506; B. 1251. Hine man þreáge mid teartran steóre ðæt is him síge on swingella wracu (verberum vindicta in eum procedat), R. Ben. 52, 7. [Wið þene sele brudgume þat siheð alle selhðe of from whom proceeds all happiness, H. M. 47, 35.] III. to ooze, run as matter, v. seón :--Gif ðæt brægen út síge if the brain protrude, Lchdm. ii. 22, 19. Lǽt sígan út on sum fæt let it drain out into a vessel, iii. 48, 6. IV. to strain, filter, act as a filter, cf. (?) sígere :--Sígende sond rén swylgþ bibulae arenae, Bt. 12; Fox 36, 12, 16. [O. Sax. sígan to sink (of the. sun); to proceed : O. Frs. síga : O. H. Ger. sígan declinare, ruere : Icel. síga to sink down, slide.] v. á-, ge-, on-sígan; sígend, and seón.
sige, es; m. A fall, setting of the sun :--Sió sunne ðonne hió on sige weorðeþ (cf. Bt. 25; Fox 88, 25), Met. 13, 111. v. niðer-sige.
sige, es; m. Victory, triumph. I. success in war :-- Sige victoria, Wrt. Voc. i. 84, 19. Ic siges mihte eów sille, ðæt gé eów tó gamene feónda áfillaþ, Wulfst. 132, 19. Se cyng áhte siges geweald victory remained with the king, Chr. 1066; Erl. 201, 12. Hí mid mycele sige (triumpho magno) hám fóran, Bd. 1, 12; S. 480, 32. Palm getácnaþ syge, Homl. Th. i. 218, 11. Sige forgifan to grant victory, Bd. 2, 9; S. 511, 36 : Elen. Kmbl. 288; El. 144. Sige syllan, Val. 2, 25. Sige habban to conquer, be victorious, Num. 31, 18. Hæfde sige vincebat, superabat, Ex. 17, 11. Ða Cretense hæfdon ðone grimlecan sige cruentiorem victoriam Cretenses exercuerunt, Ors. 1, 9; Swt. 42, 28. Sige gerǽcan, gesleán, gewinnan to gain the victory, 3, 1; Swt. 96, 33 : Bd. 1, 16; S. 484, 22 : Num. 21, 1. Sige niman, onfón to obtain the victory, Chr. 800; Erl. 60, 9 : 845; Erl. 66, 24 : Bd. l, 16; S. 484, 21. Hié ðæt an missenlícum sigum dreógende wǽron, Ors. 4, 7; Swt. 182, 3. Ðæt hié mec mid heán sigum (cum sublimibus tropheis) geweorðedon, Nar. 24, 24. II. success in conflict :-- Siges triumphi, Hpt. Gl. 447, 76. Mid sigerlícum sige triumphali tropheo, 473, 41 : Hymn. Surt. 44, 27. Sige onsendan to make victorious, Salm. Kmbl. 487; Sal. 244. Heó bád ðone écan sige, Bd. 4, 23; S. 593, 14. Sigas triumphos, Hymn. Surt. 47, 20 : victorias, 129, 24 : trophea, 131, 22. IIa. success in commerce :--Oxan grasiende gesihþ sige ceápas (-es ? or sigeceápas ?) getácnaþ, oxan slápende gesihþ yfelnysse ceápes getácnaþ. Lchdm. iii. 200, 9. [The word occurs often as one of the components of proper names : e. g. see Txts. 512-513. Siʒe (syʒe, siʒen) habben, Laym. 23896 : 17409 : 16199. Siʒe winnenn, Orm. 5461. Sy triumph, Jul. 11, 16. Goth. sigis : O. Sax. sigi : O. H. Ger. sigi, sigu : Icel. sig.] v. weorc-, word-sige, and sigor.
sige-beác[e]n, es; n. I. a sign or monument of victory gained, a trophy :-- Se palm is sigebeácen, Homl. Th. ii. 402, 10. Ðǽr ðæt heofonlíce sigebeácen (trophaeum) árǽred beón sceolde, Bd. 3, 2; S. 524, 35. Æþelinges (Christ) ród, sigebeácen (cf. sige-beám, -bearn) sóð, Elen. Kmbl. 1772; El. 888. Be ðam sigebeácne (the cross), 336; El. 168. Sélest sigebeácna (the cross), 1946; El. 975. Sigebécn, sigbeácn tropea, signa, Txts. 103, 2043. Ðis sigbécn, 124, 2. II. an ensign that is to lead to victory, a banner :-- Mid sigebeácne vexillo, signo, Hpt. Gl. 450, 35. Árǽraþ eówer sigebécn, and onginnaþ eówer gefeoht, Homl. Skt. i. 5, 59. v. sigor-beác[e]n.
sige-beáh; g. -beáges; m. That which encircles the head of the victor, a crown :-- Hé onféng sigebeáh (coronam) éces lífes. Bd. 1, 7; S. 478, 34. Sigbég, Jn. Skt. Lind. 19, 2 : Rtl. l, 15. Sigbéh, 6, 1.
sige-beám, es; m. A tree on which a victory is gained, generally the cross :-- Se sigebeám the cross, Rood Kmbl. 25; Kr. 13 : 251; Kr. 127 : Elen. Kmbl. 1927; El. 965. Be ðam sigebeáme, on ðam þrowode þeóda Waldend, 840; El. 420 : 885; El. 444. Sélest sigebeáma, 2053; El. 1028. Sigebeámas þrý (the three crosses at the crucifixion), 1691; El. 847. v. sige-beácen, -bearn.
sige-bearn, es; n. A victorious child, applied to Christ :--His gást onsende sigebearn Godes, Elen. Kmbl. 959; El. 481 : Exon. Th. 460, 3; Hö. 11. Ðæt sygebearn, 461, 29; Hö. 43. Ealra sigebearna ðæt séleste, 33, 3; Cri. 520.
sige-beorht; adj. Rendered illustrious by victory, triumphant :-- Hié swá sigebeorhte and swá gebégde mid mycelre blisse tó hám fóran, Blickl. Homl. 203, 30. Cf. the proper name Sigebryht, -berht, Chr. 755; Erl. 48, 18 : Txts. 512. v. sigor-beorht.
sige-beorn, es; m. A victorious warrior :-- Ne gefrægn ic æt wera hilde sixtig sigebeorna sél gebǽran . . . Hig fuhton fíf dagas, swá hyra nán ne feól, Fins. Th. 76; Fin. 38. [Cf. Icel. Sig-björn (proper name).]
sige-bíme, an; f. A trumpet which is sounded after victory :-- Sungon sigebýman (after the Israelites had escaped from the Egyptians), Cd. Th. 214, 6; Exod. 565. [Cf. Icel. sigr-lúðr.]
sige-bróðor; m. A victorious brother, used in speaking to St. Andrew of St. Matthew, who was not daunted by his heathen captors, Andr. Kmbl. 366; An. 183.
sige-cempa, an; m. A victorious warrior :--Wæs Dauid æt wíge sóð sigecempa, Ps. C. 50, 10.
sige-cwén, e; f. A victorious queen, applied to Elene, Elen. Kmbl. 519; El. 260 : 1992; El. 998.
sige-déma, an; m. A victorious, triumphant judge, the irresistible judge of the day of judgment :-- Se sigedéma, freá mihtig (Christ) Andr. Kmbl. 1322; An. 661. Ne beóþ ðǽr (at the last judgment) forþ borene sigele tó ðam sigedéman, Wulfst. 254, 1 : Exon. Th. 65, 28; Cri. 1061.
sige-dryhten, es; m. A victorious lord, (1) as a complimentary epithet of an earthly chief :-- Sigedrihten mín, aldor Eást-Dena, Beo. Th. 788; B. 391. Sigedryhten mín (the departed Guthlac), Exon. Th. 184, 24; Gú. 1349. Wit for uncrum sigedryhtne song áhófan, 324, 33; Víd. 104. (2) as an epithet of the Deity :--Þeoda Waldend, sigedryhten mín, Andr. Kmbl. 2905; An. 1455 : Exon. Th. 176, 19; Gú. 1212 : Ps. C. 50, 119. Þeoden engla, sóð sigedrihten, Hy. 6, 34. Ðú eart selfa sigedrihten God, Met. 20, 260. Ðonc secgan sigedryhtne, ðæs ðe hé hine sylfne ús sendan wolde, Exon. Th. 9, 1; Cri. 128 : Andr. Kmbl. 1753; An. 879. Sigedrihten, mihtigne God, Cd. Th. 33, 21; Gen. 523 : 48, 20; Gen. 778. [O. Sax. sigi-drohtin (applied to the Deity).]
sige-eádig; adj. Blessed with victory, victorious :-- Sigeeádig bil, Beo. Th. 3119; B. 1557. [Cf. Icel. sigr-sæll.] v. sigor-eádig.
sige-fæst; adj. With victory secured, victorious, triumphant, (1) applied to persons :--Sigefæst victor, Wrt. Voc. i. 84, 18. Sigfæst triumphator, Rtl. 122, 12. And hé sigefæst swá eft hám férde sicque victor in patriam reversus, Bd. 2, 9; S. 512, 5 : Exon. Th. 460, 26; Hö. 23. Þurh cynincges wísdóm folc wyrð gesǽlig, gesundful and sigefæst, L. I. P. 2; Th. ii. 306, 5. Hé ofslóh mid ðam sigefæstan here eall ðæt mennisc, Jos. 10, 40. Hí sigefæste ofer sǽ férdon, Bd. 1, 12; S. 481, 15. Sigefæste triumphabiles, triumpho plenos, Hpt. Gl. 489. 33. Hý beóþ ðý gesundran and ðý sigefæstran, Exon. Th. 408, 29; Rä. 27, 19. Se sigefæstesta cyning victoriosissimus rex, Bd. 3, 7; S. 529, 16. (2) applied to things :--Sigefest wuldor, Hy. 8, 4. Sigefæstne hám, Menol. Fox 298; Men. 150. Sigefæst tácon victricia signa, Bd. 1, 8; S. 479, 24 : H. R. 105, 21. Sigefæstan gúþfanan victricia, victoriosa, Hpt. Gl. 447, 54. v. sigor-fæst.
sigefæstan; p. te To triumph :-- Sigefeston triumphant, Txts. 182, 77. v. ge-sigefæstan.
sigefæstness, e; f. Victoriousness, triumph :-- Hé wítgode be Cristes sigefæstnesse, ðá ðá hé on heofonas ástáh, Ps. Th. 23, arg. Ðeáh ánra gehwylc wind hæbbe twelf sigefæstnissa, Salm. Kmbl. 152, 3. Sigefæstnissum triumphis, Rtl. 93, 7 : 75, 19. v. sigorfæstness.
sige-folc, es; n. A victorious or triumphant people :-- Heó (Judith) ðæt word ácwæþ tó ðam sigefolce (the Jews who were about to destroy the Assyrians), Judth. Thw. 23, 32; Jud. 152. Ðá wæs þeód on sǽlum, sigefolca swég, Beo. Th. 1292; B. 644 : Menol. Fox 593; Gn. C. 66.
sige-gealdor, es; n. A charm that gives victory :-- Ic mé on ðisse gyrde belúce . . . wið eal ðæt láð ðe intó land fare; sygegealdor ic begale, sigegyrd ic mé wege, Lchdm. i. 388, 14.
sige-gefeoht, es; n. A victorious battle, a victory :-- On sigegefeohtutn ellreordra cynna in victories over foreign races; in expugnandis barbaris, Bd. 3, 3; S. 525, 25.
sige-gird, e; f. A rod that brings victory, v. sige-gealdor.
sige-hrémig; adj. Exultant with victory, triumphant :-- Gesæt sigehrémig on ða swíðran hand éce eádfruma (Christ) ágnum Fæder, Exon. Th. 33, 25; Cri. 531 : Hy. 8, 30.
sige-hréð fame gained by victory :-- Onsǽl sigehréð secgum tell men of the fame you have won (cf. the account of his deeds which Beowulf had given to Hrothgar), Beo. Th. 984; B. 490. Cf. gúþ-hréð.
sige-hréðig; adj. Triumphant, (1) applied to men :--Dómeádig cempa . . . sigehréðig (Guthlac), Exon. Th. 146, 4; Gú. 704. Hig ne wéndon ðæt hé sigehréðig sécean cóme þeóden they did not expect that Beowulf would come triumphant (from his fight with Grendel's mother) and visit Hrothgar, Beo. Th. 3198; B. 1597 : 5505; B. 2756. (2) applied to the Deity :--Se Ælmihtiga . . . gesette sigehréðig sunnan and mónan, 188; B. 94.
sige-hwíl, e; f. A time of victory, the hour of victory :-- Wedra helm feónd gefylde . . . Ðæt ðam þeódne wæs síðes sigehwíl, Beo. Th. 5413; B. 2710.
sigel, sægl, segl; n. (?) The sun; also the name of the rune=S :-- RUNE sǽmannum symble byþ on hihte (cf. Icelandic Runic poem--Sól er landa ljómi), Runic pm. Kmbl. 342, 15; Rún. 16. Woruldcandel scán, sigel súþan fús, Beo. Th. 3936; B. 1966. Wuldres tácen swylce hádre sægl, Andr. Kmbl. 178; An. 89. Hádor sægl gewát under scríðan, 2911; An. 1458. Heáfdes segl the sun of the head, the eye (cf. Icel. enni-máni, -tungl = the eye), 100; An. 50. [Goth. sauil; n. the sun : Icel. sól; f.] v. heáðo-sigel; sigel-beorht, -hearwa, -hweorfa, -torht, -waras.
sigel, sigl; n. (?) A clasp, brooch, jewel :-- Sigl, sigil bulla, Txts. 45, 331 : fibula, 63, 874 : sibba, 97, 1856. Sigl bulla, gemma, Wrt. Voc. ii. 126, 70 : fibula, 148, 57. Sigil bulla, i. 288, 7. Sigel, ii. 11, 34 : fibula, 35, 42. [Cf. O. H. Ger. sigilla; f. lunula. From Latin (?) sigillum.] v. sigle.
sigel-beorht; adj. I. sun-bright, bright with the sun, sunny :-- Wintres dæg sigelbeorhtne genimþ hærfest mid herige hrímes and snáwes winter's day takes captive sunny autumn with its army of frost and snow, Menol. Fox 404; Men. 203. Bringþ sigelbeorhte dagas sumor tó túne, 175; Men. 89. II. bright as the sun :-- Sitt sigelbeorht swegles brytta on heáhsetle ille sedens solio fulget sublimis in alto, Dóm. L. 117. [Icel. sól-bjartr.] Cf. sigel-torht.
sige-leán, es; n. A reward of victory, prize, palm :-- Sigeleán ɫ edleán palma, Hpt. Gl. 482, 5 : 432, 75 : triumphus, palma, 424, 53. Ðæt wé brúcan sigeleáne ut perfruamur bravio, Hymn. Surt. 129, 18. Simon and Thaddeus beornas beadorófe sceoldon þurh wǽpenhete sigeleán sécan, Apstls. Kmbl. 161; Ap. 81. Éce líf, sélust sigeleána, Elen. Kmbl. 1051; El. 527. [Goth. sigis-laun bravium.] v. sigor-leán.
sige-leás; adj. I. without victory, unsuccessful in conflict, defeated :-- Engle nú lange [wǽron] eal sigeleáse the English now for a long time have been deserted by victory, Wulfst. 162, 15. Hý sigeleáse (defeated) ðone grénan wong ofgiefan sceoldan, Exon. Th. 130, 33; Gú. 447 : 141, 6; Gú. 623 : Cd. Th. 20, 20; Gen. 312. Ia. of an expedition, unattended by victory :-- Sigeleásne síð, Exon. Th. 120, 17; Gú. 273. Ib. of a song, that tells of defeat :-- Gehýrdon galan Godes andsacan sigeleásne sang, Beo. Th. 1578; B. 787. [O. H. Ger. sigu-lós.]
sige-leóþ, es; n, A song of triumph :-- Ðá wæs sigeleóþ (cf. Icel. sigr-óp) galen on herefelda, Elen. Kmbl. 248; El. 124. Engla þreátas sigeleóþ sungon (when Guthlac came to Heaven), Exon. Th. 181, 6; Gú. 1289.
Sigel-hearwa (Síl-), an; m. An Ethiopian :-- Se deófol wearþ æteówod swylce ormǽte Sílhearwa, Homl. Th. i. 466, 24. Hé him ætýwde micelne Sigelhearwan, ðæm wæs seó onsýn sweartre ðonne hrúm, Shrn. 120, 24. Twegen blace Sílhearwan, Homl. Th. ii. 496, 17 : Homl. Skt. i. 4, 285. Sigylhearwan (Sielhearwæn, MS. T.) Aethiopes, Ps. Spl. 71, 9. Sigel hearwena (Sýl-, Ps. Spl.) folc, Ps. Surt. 73, 14 : ii. p. 189, 36. Ethiopia, ðæt is ðæra Sílhearwena ríce. Homl. Th. ii. 472, 13 : i. 454, 12. Ðæra Sílhearwena land terra Aethiopiae, Gen. 2, 13. Síllhearewena (Sílhearwena, MSS. R. P.) land. Lchdm. iii. 258, 18. Ðú sealdest Sigelhearwan (-as, MS.) tó móse dedisti in escam populo Aethiopum, Ps. Th. 73, 14. Cf. Sigel-waras.
Sigelhearwen; adj. Ethiopian :-- For his Sigelhearwenan wífe propter uxorem ejus Aethiopissam, Num. 12, 1. Sýlhearwenre, Aethiopica, Hpt. Gl. 514, 49.
sigel-hweorfa, an; m. A plant-name, a word equivalent in meaning to the Greek heliotrope. It is found as the representative of foreign words in the following :--Sigelhweorfa heliotropus, Wrt. Voc. i. 68, 5, 80 : Lchdm. iii. 302, col. 1. Sigelhuerpha eliotropia, id. Sigelhueorua nimphea, 304, col. 1 : solsequia, 305, col. 1. Sigelwearfa. Ðeós wyrt ðe Grécas heliotropus, and Rómáne uertamnum nemnaþ, and eác Angle sigelhweorfa hátaþ, Lchdm. i. 152, 21. Sigilhweorfa eliotropus, 254, 11. In the following no foreign equivalent is given :--Sigelhweorfa, ii. 94, 25 : iii. 24, 4. Nim nioþoweardne sigelhweorfan, 326, 17. See Lchdm. ii. 404, col. 2.
sigel-hweorfe, an; f. A plant name :--Sigelhwerfe solsequium vel heliotropium, Wrt. Voc. i. 30, 30. Eleotropam, Grece; Latine, solsequium, idem sigelhweorfe, ii. 32, 26. Nim sigelhweorfan ða smalan unwæscene, Lchdm. ii. 108, 23. v. preceding word.
sige-líc; adj. Victorious :-- Ða sigelícan victricia, Wrt. Voc. ii. 78, 21 : victoria, 92, 4. v. sigor-líc.
sigel-torht; adj. Bright with sunshine or bright as the sun, cf. sigelbeorht :--Swá wæs ealne dæg óððæt æ-acute;fen com sigeltorht (epithet of æ-acute;fen or of Andrew ?) swungen, Andr. Kmbl. 2493; An. 1248.
Sigel-waras, -ware; pl. The Ethiopians :-- Mannkynn sweartes hiwes . . . ða man háteþ Sílhearwan (Sigilwara, MS. V.), Nar. 38, 30. Hine Sigelwearas (Aethiopes) séceaþ, Ps. Th. 71, 9. Folc Sigelwara populus Aethiopum, 86, 3. Sigelwara land, Cd. Th. 182, 2; Exod. 69. Hé (St. Matthew) gelǽrde Sigelwara mǽgþe, and of Sigelwarum hé flýmde twegan drýas, Shrn. 131, 27 : Apstls. Kmbl. 127; Ap. 64. Cf. Sigelhearwa.
sige-méce, es; m. A victorious sword, a sword wielded by a victor's hand, Exon. Th. 93, 24; Cri. 1531.
Sigen, e; f. The Seine; Sequana :--Andlang Sigene, Chr. 887; Erl. 84, 31. Be Sigene (Signe, MS. A.). 660; Erl. 35, 8 : 897; Erl. 94, 28. [O. H. Ger. Sigana.]
sígend, es; m. Movement of the sea, wave :-- Sígend flustra, i. undae, Wrt. Voc. ii. 35, 62. Flód flustra, sígendum flustris, 33, 33 : 76, 63. v. sígan.
sígere (?), es; m. A glutton :-- Sígiras (siras, Corpus Gl.) lurcones, avidi, Txts. 72, 568. v. sígerian, and cf. (?) sígan, IV.
sige-reáf, es; n. A triumphal robe; toga palmata, Wrt. Voc. i. 41, 4.
sígerian (?) to act as a glutton :-- Sígergendum lurconibus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 76, 34. v. sígere.
sige-ríce; adj. Victorious, triumphant. (1) applied to the Deity :--Witig Drihten . . . sigeríce, Cd. Th. 179, 11; Exod. 27. (2) applied to men, cf. prop. name Sigeríc :--Gif gé (the Israelites) gehealdaþ hálige láre, gé gesittaþ sigeríce beórselas beorna, Cd. Th. 213, 34; Exod. 562. [Ger. sieg-reich.]
sige-róf; adj. Of victorious energy, triumphantly active. (1) applied to a warrior or to a king :--Sigeróf kyning (Hrothgar), Beo. Th. 1243; B. 619 : (Constantine), Elen. Kmbl. 315; El. 158 : 141; El. 70. Wǽron Rómware secgas sigerófe, 93; El. 47 : Judth. Thw. 24, 8; Jud. 177. (2) without reference to battle :--Mín yldra fæder sigeróf sægde, fród fyrnwiota, Elen. Kmbl. 873; El. 437. Sigerófne (St. Andrew), Andr. Kmbl. 2451; An. 1227. Gesǽton sigerófe . . . rǽdþeahtende, Elen. Kmbl. 1732; El. 868. Sigerófra (the saints in glory), Lchdm. i. 390, 4. (3) applied to the Deity :--Éce Dryhten, sigeróf settend, Exon. Th. 188, 17; Az. 47.
sige-sceorp, es; n. Triumphal apparel, Exon. Th. 341, 16; Gn. Ex. 127.
sige-síþ, es; m. A victorious expedition or journey :-- Oft dǽdlata dóme foreldit sigisítha gahuem generally the dilatory man is too late for glory, for every successful undertaking, Txts. 152, 9.
sige-spéd, e; f. Triumphant faculty, ability that gains its ends :-- Ðé God sealde sáwle sigespéd and snyttro cræft God hath given thee effectual power of soul and wisdom's art, Elen. Kmbl. 2341; El. 1172. Ic on ðé oncnáwe wísdómes gewit, sigespéd geseald, Andr. Kmbl. 1291; An. 646. v. sigor-spéd.
sige-tác[e]n, es; n. A sign of victory :-- Ðæt hálige sigetácen (the cross), Blickl. Homl. 97, 13. Hé sigetácen sende misit signa, Ps. Th. 134, 9. v. sigor-tác[e]n, sige-beác[e]n.
sige-þeód, e; f. A victorious people, a powerful people :-- Hyne gesóhton on sigeþeóde hearde hildefrecan, Beo. Th. 4415; B. 2204 : Exon. 473, 23; Bo. 19. Sigeþeóda (the victorious Goths), Met. 1, 4. Secgeaþ his wuldor geond sigeþeóde (inter gentes), Ps. Th. 95, 3.
sige-þreát, es; m. A triumphant band, Exon. Th. 53, 2; Cri. 844.
sige-þúf (?), es; m. A banner that conducts to victory, a victorious banner :-- Stópon secgas and gesíþas, bǽron þúfas (sigeþúfas ?), Judth. Thw. 24, 22; Jud. 201. Cf. sige-beác[e]n.
sige-tiber, es; n. A sacrifice for victory (? cf. Icel. sigr-blót) :--Wolde líge gesyllan his swǽsne sunu tó sigetibre, Cd. Th. 203, 12; Exod. 402. v. sigor-tiber.
sige-torht; adj. Splendid with victory, triumphant :-- Sigetorht árás éce Drihten, Cd. Th. 279, 19; Sat. 240. Cf. sige-beorht.
sige-tudor, es; n. A victorious, triumphant progeny, applied to the human race, Exon. Th. 154, 5; Gú. 838.
sige-wǽpen, es; n. A weapon with which victory is won, Beo. Th. 1612; B. 804.
sige-wang, es; m. A plain where victory is won, a glorious plain. (1) where actual fighting has taken place :--Se mǽsta dǽl ðæs heriges læg on ðam sigewonge, Judth. Thw. 25, 36. (2) where actual fighting is not referred to, a place in which evil is overcome :--Smeolt wæs se sigewang (the place where St. Andrew's heathen enemies had been overwhelmed), Andr. Kmbl. 3160; An. 1583. Smylte is se sigewong (cf. ðæt torhte lond, l. 19, wlitig is se wong eall, 198, 8, the dwelling-place of the Phenix), Exon. Th. 199, 29; Ph. 33 : 146, 23; Gú. 714. Mennisce áras on ðam sigewonge (Guthlac's dwelling-place) helpe gemétton, 157, 18; Gú. 893.
sige-wíf, es; n. Grimm supposes this word may be a general denomination of wise women, D. M. 402; the passage in which it occurs is a charm, where it is addressed to bees when swarming :-- Sittaþ gé, sigewíf, sígaþ tó eorþan, Lchdm. i. 384, 24.
sigle, es; n. A necklace, collar, band for the neck :-- Ne beóþ ðǽr forþ borene sigele ne beágas ne heora heáfodgold, Wulfst. 253, 23. Ðá gemétte heó under hrægele gylden sigele (monile), Bd. 4, 23; S. 595, 5. Háma ætwæg Brósinga mene, sigle and sincfæt, Beo. Th. 2404; B. 1200. In mínum sweoran ic mé gemon beran ða ýdlan byrþenne gyldenra sigla in collo me memini supervacua monitium pondera portare, Bd. 4, 19; S. 589, 27 : Beo. Th. 2318; B. 1157. Hí on beorg dydon bég and siglu . . . hyrsta, 6308; B. 3164. [Icel. sigli a necklace.] v. máðum-sigle; sigel, in-sigle.
sigle, an; f. Rye :-- Siglan dust, Lchdm. ii. 126, 7. [Lat. secale; later segale, sigalum, sigla : cf. Ital. segale : Fr. seigle.]
sigor, es; m. Victory, triumph :-- Mé oferswíðde se wyrresta sigor, Shrn. 37, 24. Sigor eft áhwearf of norþmonna níðgeteóne, æsctír wera, Cd. Th. 124, 24; Gen. 2067. Sigores palmam, Wrt. Voc. ii. 67, 32. Mid sigores wuldre tó heofonum ástígan. Wulfst. 199, 13. Swegles ealdor hyre (Judith) sigores onleáh, Judth. Thw. 23, 16; Jud. 124. Sigere tropheo, Hpt. Gl. 508, 64. Elne gewurðod, dóme and sigore, Cd. Th. 129, 3; Gen. 2138. Hlísfulne sigor, famosum tropheum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 147, 29. Ic sceal his róde sigor (the triumph of Christ's cross) swíðor wíscan ðonne ondrǽdan, Homl. Th. i. 594, 20. Sigor æt sæcce, Elen. Kmbl. 2363; B. 1183. Folc ðe hé on deóflum genom þurh his sylfes sygor, Exon. Th. 36, 24; Cri. 581. Sigera triumphorum, Hpt. Gl. 425, 33. Ðyssum sigorum ðú Godes biscop blissian miht hisque Dei consul factus laetare triumphis, Bd. 2, 1; S. 500, 31. Mid ðǽm siogorum geweorðad triumphans, Nar. 28, 4. ¶The word occurs often in reference to the Deity (cf. in Icel. Sig-föður one of Odin's names, sig-tívar the gods of victory, sigr-goð a god of victory) :--Swegles aldor se ðe sigor seleþ, Cd. Th. 170, 5; Gen. 2808. Ðæt hé sigora gehwæs ána weólde (cf. Hans (Odin's) menn trúðu því, at hann ætti heimilan sigr í hverri orrostu, Ynglinga Saga, c. 2), Exon. Th. 276, 5; Jul. 561. Sigores ágend, ealdor, freá, fruma, God, weard, Cd. Th. 307, 11; Sat. 678 : Hy. 3, 20 : Exon. Th. 25, 21; Cri. 404 : 19, 2; Cri. 294 : Andr. Kmbl. 1519; An. 761 : Exon. Th. 15, 29; Cri. 243. Sigora dryhten, freá, God, sellend, settend, sóðcyning, waldend, weard, Cd. Th. 63, 23; Gen. 1036 : Exon. Th. 242, 18; Ph. 675 : Elen. Kmbl. 2613; El. 1308 : Exon. Th. 359, 17; Pa. 64 : Cd. Th. 237, 5; Dan. 333 : Exon. Th. 75, 29; Cri. 1229 : Cd. Th. 8, 19; Gen. 126 : 106, 13; 1770. Bidde ic sigere (-a ?, -es ?) Godes miltse, Lchdm. i. 390, 10. [Icel. sigr.] v. hréð-, wíg-sigor; sige, and following words.
sigor-beác[e]n, es; n. A symbol of victory, applied to the cross. Elen. Kmbl. 1967; El. 985. v. sige-beác[e]n.
sigor-beorht; adj. Triumphant, epithet of Christ, Exon. Th. 1, 18; Cri. 10. v. sige-beorht.
sigor-cynn, es; n. A triumphant, glorious race, epithet of the Seraphim, Elen. Kmbl. 1506; El. 755.
sigor-eádig; adj. Blessed with victory, victorious, Beo. Th. 2626; B. 1311 : 4693; B. 2352. v. sige-eádig.
sigor-fæst; adj. Victorious, triumphant. (1) as an epithet of the Deity :--Se Sunu (Christ) wæs sigorfæst on ðam síðfate, Rood Kmbl. 297; Kr. 150. God sigorfæst, Exon. Th. 217, 18; Ph. 282. (2) of an angel :--Meahtig Meotudes þegn, sigorfæst, 176, 30; Gú. 1218. (3) of a passion :--Brondhát lufu, sigorfæst in sefan, 160, 3; Gú. 938. v sige-fæst.
sigorfæstness, e; f. Victoriousness :-- Be sigerfestnisse and swíðmódnisse úses Drihtnes mid ðæ-acute;m hé ða hæ-acute;þnan ofercom, Anglia xi. 173, 12. v. sigefæstness.
sigorian, sigerian, sigrian; p. ode To vanquish, triumph over, triumph :-- Ic sigerie (sigerige, sigrige, sigrie) triumpho, Ælfc. Gr. 24; Zup. 137, 5. Ic sigrige be Cristes mádmum, and ic ðíne tintregu ne gefréde, Homl. Th. i. 424, 33. Fullfremed sóðlufu middaneardes sigoraþ ealdor perfecta caritas mundi triumphat principem, Hymn. Surt. 123, 38. Sigerode triumphat, 105, 32. Sigoriende triumphans, 85, 9. Sigriende, Germ. 395, 4. Sigirendes triumphantis, Hpt. Gl. 455, 64. [O. H. Ger. ubarsigirón triumphare : Icel. sigra : Dan. seire.]
sigoriend, sigriend, es; m. A victor :-- Sigriend victor. Hymn. Surt. 38, 7.
sigor-leán, es; n. A reward of victory, prize :-- Dryhten hyre (Judith) geaf sigorleán in swegles wuldre, Judth. Thw. 26, 26; Jud. 345. Sigorleán sécan, Exon. Th. 154, 29; Gú. 850 : 184, 14; Gú. 1344. Sigorleán habban, Elen. Kmbl. 1246; El. 623. Sigorleánum onfón, Cd. Th. 176, 27; Gen. 2918. Tó sigorleánum sellan, Exon. Th. 97, 14; Cri. 1590. v. sige-leán.
sigor-líc; adj. Triumphal :-- Ðæt sigorlíce leóþ carmen triumphale, Wrt. Voc. ii. 23, 48 : Hpt. 438, 16. Mid sigerlícum sige triumphali tropheo (victoria), 473, 40. v. sige-líc.
sigor-spéd, e; f. Abundant success :-- Is help gearu æt mǽrum, manna gehwylcum sigorspéd geseald, Andr. Kmbl. 1817; An. 911. Mé is miht ofer eall, sigorspéd geseald, 2868; An. 1437. v. sige-spéd.
sigor-tác[e]n, es; n. A sign of victory, a convincing sign :-- Godspel bodian, secgan sigortácnum to preach the gospel, tell it with convincing proofs or with marks shewing how it had prevailed, Exon. Th. 169, 3; Gú. 1089. v. sige-tác[e]n.
sigor-tiber, es; n. A sacrifice for victory or deliverance :-- Wes ðú on ófeste . . . ðæt ðú lác onsecge sigortifre hasten to offer with a sacrifice, that may deliver you from your peril, Exon. Th. 257, 30; Jul. 255. v. sige-tiber.
sigor-weorc, es; A victorious work, a victory :-- Sigorworca hréð, Cd. Th. 198, 2; Exod. 316. [Icel. sigr-verk a victory.]
sigor-wuldor, es; n. Triumphant glory, the glory of the victor :-- Háligra sáula gesittaþ in sigorwuldre Dryhtnes dreámas, Exon. Th. 109, 21; Gú. 93.
sigsonte ? a plant name, Lchdm. i. 74, 11 : 102, 24.
-siht, -sihte. v. ge-, in-, út-siht, blód-, út-sihte.
sihþ, e; f. A vision :-- Bóc ðæra sighðana apocalypsis, Jn. Skt. p. 1, 11. Ða sihðo (gisihðe. Rush. ) quae vidissent, Mk. Skt. Lind. 9, 9. v. æt-, ge-sihþ.
sihtre, silcen. v. seohtre, seolucen.
silf, silfren, Síl-hearwa, sillan. v. self, seolfren, Sigel-hearwa, sellan.
Sillende Zealand, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 19, 20, 23.
sil-líc, silofor. v. seld-líc, seolfor.
siltan; p. te To salt, season :-- Ic sylte condio, Ælfc. Gr. 30; Zup. 192, 13. Selt condit, Wrt. Voc. ii. 135, 55. On ðæm ðe gé hit syltaþ (condistis), Mk. Skt. 9, 50. Selte mon hiora mettas, Lchdm. ii. 234, 14. Láreówum gedafenaþ ðæt hí mid wísdómes sealte geleáffulra manna mód sylton, Homl. Th. ii. 536, 17. ge-, un-silt (-sylt).
síma, an; m. A cord, rope :-- Satan læg símon gesǽled (cf. Icel. sím-bundinn), Cd. Th. 47, 23; Gen. 765. [O. Sax. símo a cord : O. Frs. sím : Icel. síma; n.; cf. also seimr a string : Dan. sime a seton.]
síman; p. de To load, put a burden (seám) on :-- Gé sýmaþ (sémaþ, Lind.) men mid ðám byrþenum . . . and gé ne áhrínaþ ða seámas mid eówrum ánum fingre oneratis homines oneribus . . . et ipsi uno digito uestro non tangitis sarcinas, Lk. Skt. 11, 46. Sýmaþ onerant, Engl. Stud. ix. 40. Hig sýmdon hira assan oneratis asinis, Gen. 44, 13. Sýmaþ eówre assan, 45, 17. v. ge-, ofer-síman (-sýman).
simbel, symbel, simel; adj. Continual, perpetual. [The word occurs only in the adverbial forms simbles, simble, on simbel (cf. on ídel), and the compounds simbel-farende, -geféra; similarly O. H. Ger. simpal for the most part appears in adverbial forms, but Graff vi. 26 gives one instance of its adjective use, simplém assiduis. Icel. simul ever, is preserved in only one or two passages] :--On simbel ever, always, continually :-- Hí hiora freóndscipe forþ on symbel gehealdaþ they continue ever to maintain their friendship, Met. 11, 94. Hió þyrstende wæs on symbel mannes blódes she was continually thirsting for human blood; haec, sanguinem sitiens, inter incessablia homicidia, Ors. 1, 2; Swt. 30, 27. Ðǽr se ríca hyne reste on symbel nihtes where the ruler ever rested at night, Judth. Thw. 22, 2; Jud. 44. v. following words.
simbel-farende; adj. (ptcp.) Always travelling, wandering, roving :-- Ða simbelfarendan Ǽthiopes Aethiopum gentes pervagantes, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 26, 16. v. next word.
simbel-geféra, an; m. One who continually goes with another, a constant companion :-- Nis hit nó ðæt án ðæt swá eáðe mæg wiðerweard gesceaft wesan ætgædere symbelgeféran, ac hit is sellícre ðæt hiora ǽnig ne mæg bútan óðrum bión it is not only that it is so easy for opposites to be able to be constant companions, but it is more extraordinary that no one can exist without another, Met. 11, 50. v. preceding word.
simble, symble, simle, siemle, semle, symle; adv. Ever, always. I. continually, continuously, without intermission. (1) alone :--Symble mid ðé semper tecum, Ps. Th. 72, 18. Symble fýr oððe gár ever fire or piercing cold, Cd. Th. 20, 29; Gen. 316. Simle diuturne, Wrt. Voc. ii. 139, 23. Hié simle lócigeaþ tó ðære eorþan ad terram semper inclinantur, Past. 21, 3; Swt. 155, 20. Hié wǽron simle healfe æt hám, healfe úte, Chr. 894; Erl. 90, 17. In ðé sáule sóðfæstra simle gerestaþ, Exon. Th. 4, 16; Cri. 53 : Met. 20, 238. Semle, 20, 198. Ic siemle mid ðé beó, Bt. 7, 3; Fox 22, 23. Hé symle Drihtne folgode, Homl. Th. i. 58, 17. Symle wesan on lustum, Cd. Th. 30, 26; Gen. 472. Ne swylteþ hé symle ac him eft cymeþ bót he does not die for ever, does not remain dead, but remedy comes again to him, Exon. Th. 419, 13; Rä. 38, 5. ¶ in clauses with a comparative :--Symle biþ ðý heardra ðe hit sǽstreámas swíðor beátaþ it keeps getting harder the more the waves beat it, Cd. Th. 80, 7; Gen. 1325 : Beo. Th. 5752; B. 2880 : Salm. Kmbl. 485; Sal. 243. (2) with words of similar meaning :--His sóðfæstnyss wunaþ symble éce justitia ejus manet in seculum seculi, Ps. Th. 110, 2. Symble on écnesse in aeternum, 118, 142. Simle singales beclýsed, Exon. Th. 20, 25; Cri. 323. Singallíce simle, Met. 7, 46. Forþ simle, Exon. Th. 23, 30; Cri. 376. Symle áwo tó ealdre, 149, 6; Gú. 757. Á symle, 459, 10; Hy. 4, 114. ¶ with comparative :--Ðé biþ á symble of dæge on dæg drohtaþ strengra, Andr. Kmbl. 2768; An. 1386. II. on every occasion or opportunity, without missing, in unbroken succession :-- Faraþ six dagas simble (without missing a day) ymb ða burh. Jos. 6, 3. Symble biþ gemyndgad morna gehwylce, Beo. Th. 4891; B. 2450. Symble gefégon burhweardes cyme they rejoiced whenever he came, Andr. Kmbl. 1318; An. 659. Ðú simle mǽnst, gif ðé ǽnies willan wana biþ, Bt. 11, 1; Fox 30, 21. Ðæt mód siemle biþ gebunden ðǽr ðissa twega yfela áuðer rícsaþ whenever either of these two evils prevails, the mind is bound, 6; Fox 16, 2. Nǽfre ic ða geþeahte sécan wolde, ac ic symle mec áscéd ðara scylda, Elen. Kmbl. 936; El. 469. Ðæt hé symle oftost God weorþige, Exon. Th. 27, 17; Cri. 432 : 243, 34; Jul. 20. Symle hý Gúðlác fromne fundon, ðonne hý neósan cwóman, 123, 7; Gú. 319 : 205, 6; Ph. 108. ¶ where a series of times is mentioned :--Symble (symle, Exon. Th. 367, 19) ymbe seofon niht every seven days, Soul Kmbl. 19; Seel. 10 : Andr. Kmbl. 313; An. 157. Simle ymb .xii. mónaþ, Chart. Th. 461, 9 : 474, 5 : 475, 3. [O. Sax. simbla, simla : O. H. Ger. simple semper.] v. simbel.
simbles, simles; adv. Ever, always :-- Á ic simles wæs on wega gehwam willan ðínes georn on móde, Andr. Kmbl. 128; An. 64. [O. H. Ger. simles, simples semper.] v. simbel.
simblian, simlian to frequent :-- Symligaþ ɫ oftginiósaþ frequentant, Rtl. 15, 17.
simblunga, simlunga; adv. Always, continually :-- Symlinga jugiter, Rtl. 33, 17. Symlunge continuo, 59, 33. Symlinga continua (-o ?), 17, 5.
simel, simering-wyrt. v. symbel, symering-wyrt.
sín, seón, sién, sýn, e; f. I. power of seeing, sight, vision :-- Smire on ða eágan, sió sýn biþ ðý scearpre, Lchdm. ii. 30, 21. Se hwæl se ðe gársecges grund bihealdeþ sweartan sýne the whale that beholds the depths of ocean with darkened sight, Exon. Th. 427, 20; Rä. 41, 94. Ne wyrt ðæt ða seón it does not injure the sight, Lchdm. ii. 26, 14. Se ðe hire ða siéne onláh, ðæt heó swá wíde wlítan meahte, Cd. Th. 38, 16; Gen. 607. Oft ic sýne ofteáh, áblende beorna unrím, Exon. Th. 270, 21; Jul. 468. Næfde sellícu wiht sýne ne folme, 415, 3; Rä. 33, 5. II. the instrument of sight, the eye :-- Sýne pupillam, Hpt. Gl. 487. 54. [He feide þe sene to þe egen, þe hlust to þe earen, O. E. Hom. ii. 25, 12. Ʒiff þatt tin eʒhe iss unnhal o þe séne, Orm. 9394. Ich (the owl) habbe gode sene, O. and N. 368. Goth. siuns sight : O. Sax. siun sight; eye : Icel. sjón, sýn sight; eye.] v. an-, heáfod-sýn (-sién).
sín; possess, pron. His, her, its, their; suus. This pronoun, which is regularly used in the cognate dialects, rarely occurs in English prose, where its place seems to have been early taken by the genitive of hé, heó, hit. I. referring to a sing. masc. :--Gif hæleþa hwilc eágum módes sínes (cf. his módes, Bt. 34, 8; Fox 146, 3), Met. 21, 38. Him Hróðgár gewát tó hofe sínum, Beo. Th. 2477; B. 1236. Harold hýrde holdlíce hærran sínum, Chr. 1065; Erl. 198, 13. Man æt ðam ágende sínne willan æt gebicge, L. Ethb. 82; Th. i. 24, 4. Esne wið dryhten gebéte síne hýd, L. Wih. 10; Th. i. 38, 22. II. referring to a sing. fem. :--Bær seó brimwylf hringa þengel tó hofe sínum, Beo. Th. 3019; B. 1507. Heáfod on hand ágeaf ludith UNCERTAIN gingran sínre, Judth. Thw. 23, 21; Jud. 132. Ðæt wíf (wíf though neuter is represented by a fem. pron.) ðín heáfod tredeþ mid fótum sínum, Cd. Th. 56, 16; Gen. 913. III. referring to a plural :--Ðec Israéla herigaþ, herran sínne (þínne, MS.), 240, 28; Dan. 393. Gebid sínna sówhula, Txts. 124, 5. Áhealtedon fram stígum sýnum ɫ fram heora paðum claudicaverunt a semitis suis, Ps. Lamb. 17, 46. [Goth. seins : O. Sax. O. Frs. O. H. Ger. sín : Icel. sínn (sinn).]
sin- (sine-, seonu-, v. cpds.). The form does not occur as an independent word; as a prefix it has usually the force ever, everlasting; but in some cases it seems to denote magnitude, e. g. sin-here; cf. O. H. Ger. sin-vluot the deluge. [O. Sax. O. Frs. O. H. Ger. sin- : Icel. sí- (but in the phrase sí ok æ the independent word is found) : cf. Goth. sinteins continual, daily.]
sin-birnende ever burning, continually burning :-- Hit (the fire of Etna) simle biþ sinbyrnende, Met. 8, 52.
sinc, es; n. (used only in poetry) Treasure, gold, silver, jewels :-- Gold geríseþ on guman sweorde, sinc on cwéne, Exon. Th. 341, 17; Gn. Ex. 127. Sinc, gold on grunde, Beo. Th. 5522; B. 2764. Ða ðe seolfres beóþ since gecoste qui probati sunt argento, Ps. 67, 27. Gesáwon ofer since salo hlifian, reced ofer reádum golde, Cd. Th. 145, 9; Gen. 2403. Bereáfodon receda wuldor (the temple) reádan golde, since and seolfre, 219, 25; Dan. 60. Sadol searwum fáh, since gewurþad, Beo. Th. 2081; B. 1038 : 3234; B. 1615. Se wyrm ligeþ since (the hoard which it guarded) bereáfod, 5486; B. 2746. Cyning mec gyrweþ since and seolfre, Exon. Th. 401, 11; Rä. 21, 10. Seah on sync, on sylfor, on searogimmas, 478, 4; Ruin. 36. Tó heánlíc mé þinceþ, ðæt gé mid úrum sceattum tó scype gangon unbefohtene . . . ne sceole gé swá sófte sinc gegangan, Byrht. Th. 133, 33; By. 59. Leóda gód, súðmonna sinc, Cd. Th. 121, 28; Gen. 2017. Hé bebohte bearn Wealdendes on seolfres sinc, 301, 7; Sat. 578. Hé beágas dǽlde, sinc æt symle, Beo. Th. 162; B. 81. Ðone hring hæfde Higelác nýhstan síðe, siððan hé under segne sinc ealgode, Beo. Th. 2413; B. 1204. Ðú ða mádmas Higeláce onsend; mæg ðonne on ðæm golde ongitan, ðonne hé on ðæt sinc stariaþ . . ., 2975; B. 1485. ¶ Sinces brytta, hyrde a dispenser, guardian of treasure, a prince, cf. sinc-gifa, and Sinca baldor . . . Hréðel cyning geaf mé sinc and symbel, 4853; B. 2431. Ðone sélestan sǽcyninga ðara ðe sinc brytnade, 4756; B. 2383 :--Sinces brytta, goldwine gumena (Hrothgar), 2344; B. 1170. Sinces brytta, folces hyrde, 1219; B. 607 : Exon. Th. 288, 3; Wand. 25 : (Holofernes), Judth. Thw. 21, 22; Jud. 30. Sinces brytta, aðelinga helm (Pharaoh), Cd. Th. 111, 18; Gen. 1857. Sinces hyrde, Melchisedec, 126, 27; Gen. 2101. [O. Sax. sink.] v. fæted-sinc.
sincan; p. sanc, pl. suncon; pp. suncen. I. to sink :-- Ðá ingon sincan cum coepisset mergi, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 14, 30. Hwæðer sincende sǽflód wǽre. Cd. Th. 86, 27; Gen. 1437. II. to act as an aperient :-- Gif ðæt sié ómihte wǽte innan, tyhte hié mon út mid líþum mettum sincendum, and ne lǽt inne gesittan on ðam líchoman, Lchdm. ii. 218, 14. [Goth. siggkwan : O. Sax. sinkan : O. H. Ger. sinchan : Icel. sökkva.] v. á-, be-, ge-sincan.
sin-ceald; adj. Ever-cold :-- Sincalda sǽ, Cd. Th. 207, 25; Exod. 472.
sin-cealdu; indecl. f. Continual cold :-- Ne mæg ðǽr rén ne snáw, ne sunnan hǽtu, ne sincaldu wihte gewyrdan, Exon. Th. 198, 29; Ph. 17.
sinc-fæt, es; n. I. a costly vessel, a vessel of gold or of silver, cf. máðum-fæt :--Hordweard (the dragon) sincfæt (cf. fǽted wǽge, 4553; B. 2282, dryncfæt dýre, 4601; B. 2306) sóhte, Beo. Th. 4589; B. 2300 : B. 2231. Ides sincfato sealde . . . hió Beówulfe medoful ætbær, 1248; B. 622. Forsóc hé ðám syncfatum, beága mænigo, Vald. 1, 28. II. a receptacle for treasure, a casket, cf. hord-fæt :--Hé ætwæg Brósinga mene, sigle and sincfæt. Beo. Th. 2404; B. 1200.
sinc-fág, -fáh; adj. Variegated with costly ornament :-- Ic winde sceal sincfág swelgan, Exon. Th. 395, 29; Rä. 15, 15. Heorot, sincfáge (cf. goldfáh applied to Heorot, 621; B. 308) sel, Beo. Th. 336; B. 167.
sinc-gestreón, es; n. Treasure :-- Hé wolde ofgifan secga seledreám and sincgestreón, beorht beágselu, Andr. Kmbl. 3311; An. 1658. Ic ðé an tela sincgestreóna, Beo. Th. 2456; B. 1226. Hringum þénede, sincgestreónum fæ-acute;ttan goldes, 2189; B. 1093.
sinc-gewǽge, es; n. A weight of treasure, abundance of treasure :-- Oft rinc gebád ðæt hé in sele sǽge sincgewǽge it was a frequent experience to see abundance of treasure in the hall, Exon. Th. 353, 24; Reim. 17.
sinc-gifa, an; m. A treasure-giver, a prince, chief who was expected to be liberal in his gifts. Cf. other compounds of gifa :-- Næs mid Rómwarum sincgeofa sélla (of Boethius), Met. 1. 50. Hý (the disciples) word ne gehyrwdon hyra sincgiefan (Christ), Exon. Th. 29, 9; Cri. 460. On hyra sincgifan (Beowulf), Beo. Th. 4611; B. 2311. Sincgyfán, 2688; B. 1342. Se ðe wát his sincgiefan holdne beheledne hé sceal heán hweorfan he who knows his gracious lord buried shall wander downcast, Exon. Th. 183, 13; Gú. 1326. Hé his sincgyfan (Byrhtnoth) wrec, Byrht. Th. 139, 62; By. 278. Cf. sinc-gim, -þegu.
sinc-gifu, e; f. A gift of treasure, costly gift :-- Ðú golde eart, sincgife sýlla, Andr. Kmbl. 3016; An. 1511.
sinc-gimm, es; m. A precious gem, jewel :-- Fyrdrincas fóron . . . hyrstum gewerede. Ðǽr wæs gesýne sincgim locen, hláfordes gifu, Elen. Kmbl. 528; El. 264.
sinc-hroden; adj. (ptcp.) Treasure-laden, adorned with costly ornaments :-- Ðec biddan hét se ðisne beám ágróf, ðæt ðú sinchroden gemunde . . ., Exon. Th. 473, 11; Bo. 13. Salu sinchroden halls richly adorned, Andr. Kmbl. 3342; An. 1675.
sinc-máðum, es; m. A treasure :-- Næs sincmáððum sélra on sweordes hád there was no greater treasure in the shape of a sword, Beo. Th. 4392; B. 2193.
sinc-stán, es; m. A jewel :-- Gylden máðm, sylofren sincstán (cf. ða gyldenan stánas and ða seolfrenan, Bt. 34, 8; Fox 144, 30), Met. 21, 21.
sinc-þegu(o), e or indecl.; f. Acceptance of treasure the gift of a lord :--Sceal sincþego and sweordgifu eówrum cynne álicgean . . . syððan æðelingas gefricgean eówerne dómleásne dǽd for your kin shall receiving a lord's costly present and gift of sword be no more . . . after men learn your inglorious deed (the desertion of their lord, Beowulf, at his need), Beo. Th. 5760; B. 2884. Gemon hé sincþege he remembers receiving costly presents from his lord, Exon. Th. 288, 21; Wand. 34. Cf. sincgifa, and see other cpds. of þegu.
sinc-weorðung, e; f. A costly decoration, jewel :-- Ic ðé beága lyt, sincweorðunga, syllan meahte, Andr. Kmbl. 543; An. 272 : 953; An. 477. Him Elene forgeaf sincweorðunga, Elen. Kmbl. 2435; El. 1212.
sind, synd, sint, sient, siont, synt, sindon, seondon, siendon, syndon are :-- Hig sind strengran ðonne wé, Num. 13, 32 : Met. 10, 33. Synd, Ps. Th. 21, 26 : Cd. Th. 19, 7; Gen. 287. Sint, Num. 13, 17 : Andr. Kmbl. 696; An. 348 : Elen. Kmbl. 1484; El. 744. Sient (sint, Cott. MSS.), Past. 28; Swt. 197, 4 : Bt. 11, 1; Fox 32, 32 : 16, 3; Fox 54, 18. Siont, Kent. Gl. 232. Synt (synd, MS. A.), Mt. Kmbl. 6, 26, 28 : Cd. Th. 114, 14; Gen. 1904. Sindon, Bt. 42; Fox 256, 10, 14. Sindan, 5, 3; Fox 14, 19 : Met. 20, 149. Seondon, Cd. Th. 271, 12; Sat. 104 : 309, 13; Sat. 709. Seondan (siendon, Cott. MS.), Bt. 3, 4; Fox 6, 24. Siendon (sindon, Cott. MSS.), Past. 6; Swt. 47, 8 : Cd. Th. 235, 4; Dan. 301. Syndun, Ps. Th. 58, 10. v. eom.
sind ( = síð ?) :--Yfla ðara ðe ic gefremede nalæs feám sindon (cf. gylta ðara ðe ic gefreméde nales feám síðum. Elen. Kmbl. 1633; El. 818; also Andr. Kmbl. 1210; An. 605 : Hy. 4, 65), Exon. Th. 263, 24; Jul. 354.
sinder, es; n. : sindra(-e ?), an; m. (f. ?) Dross, impurity of metal :-- Sinder scoria, Wrt. Voc. ii. 120, 4. Sindor caries, putredo lignorum vel ferri, 129, 11. Synder scorium, i. 86, 18. Syndran blæccan scoriae atramento, Hpt. Gl. 421, 59. Nim seolferun syndrun, Lchdm. iii. 112, 24. Ðiss folc is geworden nú mé tó sindrum versa est mihi domus Israel in scoriam, Past. 37, 3; Swt. 267, 17. Seaxes ecg sindrum begrunden (with all impurities ground off), Exon. Th. 408, 3; Rä. 27, 6. [O. H. Ger. sintar scoria, purgamen : Icel. sindr; n. dross.]
sinder-óm rust :-- Sinderóme ferrugine, Wrt. Voc. ii. 35, 35.
sin-dolh a lasting, very great wound :-- Him on eaxle wearð syndolh sweotol, Beo. Th. 1638; B. 817.
sin-dreám, es; m. Everlasting joy, joy of heaven :-- Wuldres áras . . . in sindreáme, Elen. Kmbl. 1478; El. 741. Tó heofonríces gefeán hweorfan móstan and ðǽr siððan á in sindreámum tó wídan feore wunian móstun, Exon. Th. 154, 20; Gú. 811 : 164, 23; Gú. 1016 : 225, 6; Ph. 385.
-síne. v. eág-, ge-, on-, scearp-síne, -sýne.
sineht; adj. Sinewy :-- Mid sinehtum limum gehæfd, Lchdm. ii. 242, 19.
sin-éðe, sine-wealt, sine-wind, v. sin-íðe, seonu-wealt, seonu-wind.
sin-freá, an; m. A perpetual lord, a husband :-- Nǽnig nefne sinfreá none but her wedded lord, Beo. Th. 3873; B. 1934. Cf. sin-híwan.
sin-fulle, an; f. House-leek; sempervivum tectorum :--Sinfulle sempervivum, Wrt. Voc. i. 68, 64; but the word also glosses eptafolium, ii. 106, 83 : 107, 31 : 30, 50 : i. 286, 30 : parulus, 286, 37 : pariulus, ii. 67, 64 : paliurus, 116, 38. Genim ðás wyrte ðe man sempervivum and óðrum naman sinfulle nemneþ, Lchdm. i. 236, 20. Genim sinfullan, ii. 190, 2. Nim ða miclan sinfullan, 240, 8. See Lchdm. iii. 305, col. 1 : ii. 405, col. 1.
sin-gal; adj. I. referring to things of the next life, everlasting, perpetual :-- Dreám ys singal canor est jugis, Hymn. Surt. 58, 4. On ðam heofenlícum éðele is singal leóht, Lchdm. iii. 240, 12 : Homl. Th. i. 238, 5 : Rood Kmbl. 280; Kr. 141. Ðǽr (in hell) is á singal sorh, Wulfst. 26, 8. II. referring to things of time, continual, constant, without intermission :-- Swá singal gebiórscipe quasi juge convivium, Kent. Gl. 521. Hine gedreht singal slǽpleást. Homl. Th. i. 86, 16. Singal oferdrenc, ii. 592, 6. Ðis is singal sacu, Elen. Kmbl. 1808; El. 906. Singal gesíþ a constant companion, Exon. Th. 257, 4; Jul. 242. Se singala ege ne lǽt nǽnne mon gesǽligne beón continuus timor non sinit esse felicem, Bt. 11, 2; Fox 34, 28 : 12; Fox 36, 28. Mid ðæm singalum geþohte ab hac cogitatione continua, Past. 11, 7; Swt. 72, 6. Geleáfan singalum fides jugis, Hymn. Surt. 44, 39. Mid singalre éstfulnysse sedula devotione, 88, 15. Singalre assidua, Hpt. Gl. 407, 65. Men habbaþ singalne andan betwuh him, Bt. 39, 3; Fox 214, 33. Mid singalum bénum sedulis questibus, Hymn. Surt. 127, 14. Mid singalum gebedum orationibus adsiduis, Bd. 4, 28; S. 606, 29. IIa. of the regular succession of time, daily (cf. Goth. sinteins daily (bread)) :--Syle ús hláf úserne ðone singalan, Exon. Th. 469, 4; Hy. 5, 8. Singal tído diurna tempora, Rtl. 164, 36. IIb. of an unbroken series, in succession, continuous :-- Þurh syx singal geár per sex continuos annos, Bd. 4, 23; S. 595, 17 : 5, 9; S. 623, 27. III. of long continuance, lasting :-- Wæs seó éhtnys[se] singalre (diuturnior) eallum ðám ǽrgedónum, 1, 6; S. 476, 24. v. following words.
singale, singala; adv. Ever, continually, constantly :-- Singale olim, Wrt. Voc. ii. 115, 48. Ðeáh hine se wind . . . swence, and hine singale (seó singale ? cf. seó singale gémen, Bt. 12; Fox 36, 28) gémen gǽle, Met. 7, 50. Singala, Beo. Th. 382; B. 190. v. next word.
singales; adv. Ever, continually :-- Ic singales wæg módceare micle, Beo. Th. 3559; B. 1777 : Exon. Th. 115, 15; Gú. 190. Simle singales, 20, 25; Cri. 323 : 24, 31; Cri. 393. Syngales, Beo. Th. 2274; B. 1135.
singal-flówende; adj. (ptcpl.) Continually flowing :-- Singalflówende eá fluvius, Wrt. Voc. i. 54, 18.
singallíce; adv. Perpetually, continually, constantly :-- Hieremias wilnode singallíce (sedulo) hine geþiédan tó ðære lufan his Scippendes, Past. 7, 1; Swt. 49, 16 : Blickl. Homl. 101, 27. Wé him gyldaþ singallíce, and hý ús hýnaþ dæghwamlíce, Wulfst. 163, 10. Swíðe singallíce beswícþ monna mód, Bt. 18, 1; Fox 60, 20. Hí (Cherubim) singallíce singaþ 'they continually do cry,' Elen. Kmbl. 1490; El. 747. Syle drincan singallíce nigon dagas, Lchdm. i. 230, 22. Hine æ-acute;ghwonan God singallíce simle gehealdeþ, Met. 7, 46 : Bt. 12; Fox 36, 27. [O. H. Ger. sincalíhho jugiter.]
singalness, e; f. Constancy, perseverance, assiduity :-- Ánrǽdnys ɫ singalnys perseverantia, assiduitas, Hpt. Gl. 434, 18.
singal-ryne, es; m. A continual running of water :--Singalrenes ɫ swift[renes] decursus, Hpt. Gl. 418, 51.
singan; p. sang, song, pl. sungon; pp. sungen To sing. I. used absolutely; (1) of persons, (a) to sing, recite, relate musically or in verse :-- Singan modulare, singe modulabor, Wrt. Voc. ii. 57, 2, 3. Ic Gode singe gaudebo Deo, Ps. Th. 74, 8. Ic Drihtne singe cantabo Domino, 103, 31. Hwæt is ðis folc ðe ðus hlúde singeþ ? Blickl. Homl. 149, 30. Ðǽr habbaþ englas eádigne dreám, sanctas singaþ, Cd. Th. 286, 20; Sat. 355. Scop hwílum sang on Heorote, Beo. Th. 997; B. 496. Singende heáp chorus, Wrt. Voc. i. 28, 27. Hé geseah Matheus ǽnne sitton singende, Blickl. Homl. 237, 23. (b) to compose verse, narrate :-- On ðé ic singge in te decantatio mea, Ps. Th. 70, 5. Song hé be middangeardes gesceape and be fruman moncynnes, Bd. 4, 24; S. 598, 9; Exon. Th. 44, 33; Cri. 712. Be ðam Moyses sang, Elen. Kmbl. 674; El. 337. Swá se wítega sang, Menol. Fox 119; Men. 59. Wítgan sungon be Godes bearne, Elen. Kmbl. 1119; El. 561. (2) of other living creatures :--Se fugel singeþ, Exon. Th. 206, 9; Ph. 124 : Salm. Kmbl. 539; Sal. 269. Fugelas singaþ, gylleþ grǽghama, Fins. Th. 9; Fin. 5. Se hana sóna hlúdswége sang immediately the cock crew, Homl. Th. ii. 248, 33 : Shrn. 30, 29. Sang se wanna fugel, Cd. Th. 119, 22; Gen. 1983. Mǽw singende, Exon. Th. 307, 11; Seef. 22. (3) of inanimate resonant objects :--Ic þurh múþ sprece, wrencum singe, Exon. Th. 390, 15; Rä. 9, 2. Wiht is wrætlíc, singeþ þurh sídan, 483, 13; Rä. 69, 2. Se hearpere gedéþ, ðæt hearpan strengas náwuht ungelíce ðæm sone ne singaþ ðe hé wilnaþ, Past. 23; Swt. 175, 8. In ðæm dæge singaþ ða býman, Wulfst. 183, 10. Syngaþ, L. E. I. prm.; Th. ii. 396, 8. Hringíren scír song in searwum, Beo. Th. 651; B. 323. Ic seah sellíc þing singan, Exon. Th. 413, 10; Rä. 32, 3. II. with a cognate accusative, or followed by the words used or by a clause; (1) of persons (a) to sing a song, recite a poem, prayer, formula, etc., read aloud :--Wé singaþ on his lof: 'Hǽl ús on ðǽm héhstan,' Blickl. Homl. 81, 27. Heáhgealdor ðæt snotre men singaþ a charm that wise men recite, Ps. Th. 57, 4. Hí singaþ Metude lof, Exon. Th. 239, 7; Ph. 617. Ðegnas singaþ, ðæt ðú sié hlǽfdige, 18, 14; Cri. 283. Ða lióþ ðe ic song, Bt. 2; Fox 4, 7. Heó 'Magnificaþ' sang, Blickl. Homl. 159, 1. Crist sylf sang Pater Noster ǽrest, L. C. E. 22; Th. i. 372, 26. Engla þreátas sigeleóþ sungon, Exon. Th. 181, 6; Gú. 1289. 'Sing mé hwæthwegu.' Ðá andswarede hé : 'Ne con ic nán þing singan,' Bd. 4, 24; S. 597, 12. Sing ðás gebedsealmas, Lchdm. iii. 12, 6. Singan sangas cantare canticum, Ps. Th. 136, 4. Ðá ongan hé singan ða fers and ða word ðe hé nǽfre ne gehýrde, Bd. 4, 24; S. 597, 17. Leóþ singan dicere carmen, 597, 31. Cwide singan, Salm. Kmbl. 171; Sal. 85. Singan Pater Noster, 333; Sal. 166. Hé wæs ymen singende, Blickl. Homl. 147, 3. On ðære hálgan cyricean biþ sungen ðæt hálige gerýne, 77, 15. Wæs se wítedóm beforan sungen, Elen. Kmbl. 2306; El. 1154. (b) to narrate in verse, write :-- Se scop sang, ðæt má manna fægnodon . . ., Bt. 30, tit.; Fox xvi. 4. Sealmsceopas sungon and sægdon, ðæt se wolde cuman, Blickl. Homl. 105, 10. For hwam wolde gé secgan oððe singan, ðæt ic gesǽllíc mon wǽre, Met. 2, 17. (2) of other living creatures :--Earn sang hildeleóþ, Judth. Thw. 24, 28; Jud. 211. Wulfas sungon ǽfenleóþ, Cd. Th. 188, 7; Exod. 164. (3) of inanimate things :--Seó byrne sang gryreleóþa sum, Byrht. Th. 140, 7; By. 284. Horn song fúslíc leóþ, Beo. Th. 2851; B. 1423. Ealle hearpan strengas hé grét mid ánre honda, ðý ðe hé wile ðæt hí ánne song singen, Past. 23; Swt. 175, 9. III. where the subject of the song is the object of the verb, to sing about, recite or compose a poem about something :--Ic ðíne strengðu singe, Ps. Th. 58, 16. Ic mildheortnesse and dóm Drihtnes singe and secge, 100, 1. Cwæþ hé : 'Hwæt sceal ic singan ?' Cwæþ hé : 'Sing mé frumsceaft,' Bd. 4, 24; S. 597, 16. [Goth. siggwan to sing, read aloud : O. Sax. singan : O. Frs. singa : O. H. Ger. singan canere, cantare, decantare, psallere, modulari, edere, jubilare : Icel. syngva (-ja) to sing; to ring (of metals, etc.), whistle (of the wind).] v. á-, be-, ge-singan.
-singe, -singend. v. ge-singe, æfter-, fore-, mid-singend.
singend-líc; adj. That may be sung :-- Singendlíce cantabiles, Ps. Spl. 118, 54.
sin-gréne, an; f. A plant name (lit. ever-green), sin-green (sen-, sim-), house-leek; sempervivum tectorum : see E. D. S. Pub. Plant Names, s. v. sen-green (sin-, sim-), and Lchdm. ii. 405, col. 1. Besides sempervivum the word glosses several other names :--Singréne titemallos, Wrt. Voc. i. 68, 33 : temolus ɫ titemallos, Lchdm. iii. 305, col. 1. Syngréne. Ðeós wyrt ðe man temolum and óðrum naman singréne nemneþ, i. 152, 12. Singréne colatidis, iii. 301, col. 2 : Wrt. Voc. i. 69, 4. Nim singrénan, Lchdm. ii. 56, 22. Ða smalan singrénan, 54, 2. [Iovis barba jubarbe, singrene. Rel. Ant. i. 37, col. 2. Howsleke or sengrene barba Jovis, semperviva, Prompt. Parv. 251, where see note. Ger. sin-grün and Dan. sin-grøn is periwinkle. Cf. Icel. sí-grænn; adj. evergreen.]
sin-grim; adj. Ever-fierce, of unceasing fierceness :-- Sace singrimme, Exon. Th. 256, 11; Jul. 230.
sin-here; gen. -her(i)ges; m. An immense army :-- Besæt sinherge sweorda láfe he besieged the fugitives with an immense army, Beo. Th. 5864; B. 2936.
sin-hígscipe. v. sin-híwscipe.
sin-híwan, -hígan; pl. Members of a family united by the lasting bond of marriage, a married pair :-- Sinhíwan (Adam and Eve), Cd. Th. 48, 19; Gen. 778 : 49, 9; Gen. 789 : Exon. Th. 153, 9; Gú. 823. Hyra somwist sinhíwan (body and soul) gedǽlden, 160, 10; Gú. 941 : 284, 17; Jul. 698. [O. Sax. sin-híwun (-iun) : O. Frs. sin-hígen, sinnane, senne : O. H. Ger. sin-híun conjuges.] v. ge-sinhíwan, and following words.
sin-híwian to marry :--Ne sinígaþ (synnígaþ, Rush.) neque nubunt, Lk. Skt. Lind. 20, 35. v. ge-sinígan.
sin-híwscipe, es; m. The lasting family relation of marriage :-- God sinhígscipas gesamnaþ mid clǽnlícre lufe conjugii sacrum castis nectit amoribus. Bt. 21; Fox 74, 38. v. ge-sinígscipe, and cf. sin-scipe.
sin-hweorfende, -hwurfende ever-turning, round :-- Sintredende (-trendende ?) ɫ sinhwurfende teretes, rotundos, Hpt. Gl. 408, 73. v. next word, and cf. seonu-wealt.
sin-hwurfol, -hwyrfel; adj. Round, cylindrical :-- Sinuurbul, sinuulfur, siunhuurful (sinu- ?) teres, Txts. 104, 1047. Ðonne is swíðe mycel cyrice getimbred, and is sinhwyrfel on wilewísan geworht (cf. under seonu-wealt passage from Shrn. 80, 37), Blickl. Homl. 125, 21. [Cf. O. H. Ger. sin-, sina-[h]werbal teres, rotundus : Icel. sí-valr.]
sin-íðe, -éðe; adj. Very gentle :-- Mid sinéðre ondóunge wyrtdrences þurh horn oððe pípan sió wamb biþ tó clǽnsianne, Lchdm. ii. 260, 11.
sinnan; p. sann, pl. sunnon; pp. sunnen; with gen. To care for, mind, heed :-- Ne ic mé eorþwelan ówiht sinne, ne mé mid móde micles gyrne, Exon. Th. 121, 18; Gú. 290. Hé wæs swungen sárslegum . . . hrá weorces ne sann (the body cared not for pain), Andr. Kmbl. 2556; An. 1279. Hié fægerra (-o, MS.) lyt for ædelinge idesa (-e, MS.) sunnun ac hié Sarran swíðor micle wynsumne wlite heredon they (Pharaoh's nobles) heeded little fair women before the prince, but much more did they praise the winsome beauty of Sarah, Cd. Th. 111, 10; Gen. 1853. [Cf. Icel. sinna (wk.) to care for, mind, give heed to.]
sin-niht, e and es (v. niht); f. Continual night, perpetual darkness :-- Ða ðe in þeóstrum sǽton sinneahtes those who sat in the shades of perpetual darkness, Exon. Th. 8, 13; Cri. 117. Hám sweart sinnehte (hell), Exon. Th. 142, 26; Gú. 650. Hý ábídan sceolon in sinnehte, 99, 29; Cri. 1632. Sinnihte, 94, 20; Cri. 1543 : Cd. Th. 3, 27; Gen. 42 : Salm. Kmbl. 138; Sal. 68. Grendel sinnihte heóld mistige móras, Beo. Th. 325; B. 161 : (of the darkness of chaos), Cd. Th. 7, 20; Gen. 109. Synnihte, 8, 2; Gen. 118. [Cf. O. Sax. sin-nahti the darkness of hell.]
sin-niþ, es; m. Continued enmity or trouble, Exon. Th. 354, 27; Reim. 52.
sinoþ, sino-walt. v. seonoþ, seonu-wealt.
sin-rǽden[n], e; f. A perpetual, lasting condition, wedlock :-- On óðre wísan sint tó manienne ða ðe mid synnrǽdenne bióþ gebundene aliter admonendi sunt conjugiis obligati, Past. 51, 1; Swt. 393, 22. Ða ðe beóþ gebundne mid synrǽdenne conjugati, Swt. 393, 21. Cf. sin-híwan, -híwscipe, -scipe.
sinscipe, es; m. Marriage, wedlock :-- Sinscipe conjungium vel matrimonium, Wrt. Voc. i. 72, 11. Senscipe consortium, matrimonium, Hpt. Gl. 469, 44 : jugalitas, 416, 25 : 417, 5. Ðrý hádas . . . mæigðhád, wudewan hád, and riht sinscype, Homl. Th. i. 148, 7. Sinscipe, 604, 30. Mé nú ne lyst nánes synscipes ac ðæs Hǽlendes geþeódnysse mid gehealdenre clénnisse, Homl. Skt. i. 4, 37. Heó wunode twelf geár on ðæs cynincges synscype, 20, 16. Hú miht ðú ðam Ælmihtigan his brýde beniman and ðínum sinscipe geþeódan, Homl. Th. ii. 476, 33. Ða ðe on sinscipe wuniaþ married people, i. 448, 2. Ða ðe beóþ mid sinscipe (syn-, Hatt. MS.) gebundene conjugati, Past. 23; Swt. 176, 21. Gif hwá on swilcum mánfullum sinscipe (conjugio) þurhwunaþ, L. M. I. P. 20; Th. ii. 270, 20. Tó senscipum ad commercia, connubia, Hpt. Gl. 490, 54. Gesamnaþ sinscipas, clǽnelíce lufe conjugii sacrum castis nectit amoribus, Met. 11, 91. v. ge-, on-sinscipe, and preceding word.
sin-snǽd, e; f. A huge bit :-- Grendel slǽpendne rinc slát . . . synsnǽdum swealh (swallowed by huge bits, or by bits that followed each other continuously ?), Beo. Th. 1490; B. 743.
sin-sorh(g), e; f. Continual trouble :-- Habban breostceare, sinsorgna gedreag, Exon. Th. 444, 10; Kl. 45.
sin-þyrstende ever thirsting :-- Alexander tóécan ðæm ðe hé hiénende wæs ǽgðer ge his folc ge óðerra cyninga hé wæs sinþyrstende monnes blódes Alexander humani sanguinis insaturabilis, sive hostium sive etiam sociorum, recentem tamen semper sitiebat cruorem, Ors. 3, 9; Swt. 130, 31.
sin-tredende. v. sin-hweorfende.
sin-trendel, -tryndel; adj. Round, circular, or globular :-- Dó hyt syntrændel (sinetrundæl, MS. V., sinetrum del, MS. H.) make a ball of it, Lchdm. i. 106, 17. Sintryndel lytel scyld ancile, Wrt. Voc. i. 35, 58. v. next word, and cf. sin-hwurfol, seonu-wealt.
sin-trendende (?) ever-turning, round :-- Sintredende (-trendende ?) teretes, rotundos, Hpt. Gl. 408, 73. v. preceding word.
sinu, sin-wealt. v. seonu, seonu-wealt.
sin-wrǽnness, e; f. Continual wantonness :-- Synwrǽnnys vel gálscipe saturiasis; Wrt. Voc. i. 19, 51.
sio-, sió-. See generally seo-, seó-.
sió (be), siodo, siofa, siofoþa, sioleða, siolf, siota. v. sí, sidu, sefa, sifeþa, seolh-ýða, self, set.
sipian, Siras(-e), síras. v. sypian, Syras, sígere.
siru; gen. sirwe; f. An artifice, a snare, wile, crafty device; as a military term, an ambush :-- Gif hwá gewealdes ofsleá his ðone néhstan þurh syrwa (with guile, Exod. 21, 14), L. Alf. 13; Th. i. 48, 1, note. Sette syrwa pone insidias, Jos. 8, 2. v. searu, sirwe.
siru-tún (?) a place for an ambush, lurking-place :-- Syretum (-tún?) latibulum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 54, 27. v. preceding word.
siru-wrenc, es; m. An artifice, crafty trick, wile :-- Hí ymbsǽton Cantwareburuh and hí in tó cóman þuruh syruwrencas (syre-, MS. E.), Chr. 1011; Erl. 145, 29. v. searu-wrenc.
sirwan, sirwian, sirewan; p. sirwde, sirwede, sirede, sirewede, sirwode. I. in a good sense, to plan, devise, use art in doing something :--Hé (the Creator) serede and sette eorþan dǽlas, Cd. Th. 265, 29; Sat. 15. II. in a bad sense, (1) trans. To plan, contrive, devise, plot, attempt with craft :-- Hí ne sǽtincge ne gestrodu wið Angelþeóde syrwaþ nil contra gentem Anglorum insidiarum moliuntur aut fraudium, Bd. 5, 23; S. 646, 37. Syrwiaþ concinnant (iniquitatem), Blickl. Gl. Ðám ðe mé syrwedan yfel qui quaerunt mala mihi, Ps. Th. 70, 12. Hí fácen geswipere syredan astute cogitaverunt consilium, 82, 3 : Andr. Kmbl. 1220; An. 610. Beó serewede moliretur, machinaretur, Hpt. Gl. 487, 23. (2) with a clause :--Hé angan sierwan hú hé hiene beswícan mehte. Ors. 1, 12; Swt. 52, 3. (3) without a case (a) in the following glosses :--Syrwaþ moliuntur, Wrt. Voc. ii. 54, 30. Serwede machinaretur, Hpt. Gl. 509, 73. Serwedon machinabantur, 520, 4. Serewedan, 506, 5. Seredon concinnabant, Wrt. Voc. ii. 20, 26. Seruuende convenientes, 105, 26. Syrwende, 15, 28. (b) to lie in wait, plot :-- Hé syrwþ (Ps. Lamb. syrwaþ) swá swá leó insidiatur quasi leo, Ps. Spl. second 9, 10. Se ðe nánþing ne syrwde qui non est insidiatus, Ex. 21, 13. Syrede, Beo. Th. 324; B. 161. Se syrwienda deóful. Wulfst. 107, 22. (c) with prep, to lie in wait for, plot against :--Ðú syrwst ongeán hyre hó, Gen. 3, 15. Deófol syrwþ ymbe Godes gelaðunge, Homl. Th. i. 240, 1. Mé manige ymb mægene syrewaþ, Ps. Th. 54, 18. Ða syrwde Herodias ymbe hine Herodias insidiabatur illi, Mk. Skt. 6, 19 : Homl. Th. i. 82, 20. Ða ðe ymbe ðæs cildes feorh syrwdon those who sought the child's life, 88, 18 : ii. 112, 33. Ða ðe emb his feorh syredon quos in necem suam conspirasse didicerat, Bd. 2, 9; S. 512, 4. Mé seredon ymb secgas monige, hú heó mé deáþes cwealm hrefnan mihten, Cd. Th. 296, 6; Sat. 498. Gif hwá ymb cyninges feorh sierwie (syrwie, MSS. B. H.), L. Alf. pol. 4; Th. i. 62, 15. Seó næddre wolde syrwan ongeán hire hó, Boutr. Scrd. 20, 12. v. be-, ge-sirwan (-serian, -syrewian, -syrian, -syrwan).
sirwe, an; f. An artifice, device, plot, wile :-- Syrwan (serwan) insidiae, Ælfc. Gr. 13; Zup. 84, 14. v. siru.
sirwung, e; f. Plotting, machination, contrivance :-- Beó áídlod Amanes sirwung ongeán ðám Judéiscum, Homl. As. 101, 308. Be hláfordes syrwunge. Gif hwá embe cynincg oððe hláford syrwie of plotting against a lord. If any man plot against king or lord, L. C. S. 58; Th. i. 408, 1. Gif hwá ofsleá his ðone néhstan þurh syrwunge (with guile, Exod. 21, 14), L. Alf. 13; Th. i. 48, 1, note. Hé cýdde his fácenfulle syrewunge, Homl. Th. i. 82, 18. Mid syrewungum hé becom tó ðære cynelícan geþincþe, 80, 34. God heóld hine wið ðæs deófles syrwungum, ii. 454, 3. Serewungum machinamentis, Hpt. Gl. 478, 54. Syrwunga insidias, Hymn. Surt. 47, 26. Samson heora syrwunga undergeat, Jud. 16, 3. v. searwung.
sise-mús a dormouse :-- Sisemús glis, Wrt. Voc. i. 22, 56 : 78, 22. [O. H. Ger. sise-, zise-mús : cf. (?) sise-sang carmen lugubre, sisegomo pelicanus.]
síþ, es; m. I. going, journeying, travel :-- Síþes ámyrred hindered from going, Cd. Th. 24, 16; Gen. 378. Síþes wérig weary of swimming, Beo. Th. 1162; B. 579. Síþes sǽne slow in travelling, Apstls. Kmbl. 67; Ap. 34. Ne æt hám ne on síþe ne on ǽnigre stówe neither at home, nor when travelling, nor in any place, L. I. P. 9; Th. ii. 314, 33 : Exon. Th. 339, 34; Gn. Ex. 104. Se ðe of síþe cwom feorran geféred, Salm. Kmbl. 356; Sal. 177. Ia. going from this world :--Is nú fús ðider gǽst síþes georn, Exon. Th. 164, 27; Gú. 1018. Ic eom síþes fús, 166, 30; Gú. 1050 : 212, 10; Ph. 208. Líf biþ on síþe, 213, 6; Ph. 220 : 328, 32; Vy. 26. Beó ðú on síþ gearu, 172, 24; Gú. 1148. II. a journey, voyage, course, expedition :-- Síþ wæs gedǽled the course of the Israelites and Egyptians was no longer a common one, Cd. Th. 190, 31; Exod. 207. Lust leófes síþes (the journey out of Egypt), 180, 31; Exod. 53 : Andr. Kmbl. 2084; An. 1043. Cwén siþes (her voyage to Palestine) gefeah, Elen. Kmbl. 494; El. 247. Ne lǽt ðú ðec síþes getwǽfan, láde gelettan, lifgendne mon ongin mere sécan, Exon. Th. 474, 2; Bo. 23. Nó wǽgflotan wind síþes getwǽfde, sǽgenga fór forþ ofer ýþe, Beo. Th. 3820; B. 1908. Flówan mót ýþ ofer eal lond, ne wile heó áwa ðæs síþes geswícan, Salm. Kmbl. 647; Sal. 323. Hú myccle scipbrocu hé gebád on ðæm síþe ðe hé (St. Paul) wæs ðyder rǽpling gelǽded, Blickl. Homl. 173, 7. Ǽghwelc mon ðe on ðæm síþe wǽre every man that was on the expedition, L. Alf. pol. 29; Th. i. 80, 8 : Ps. Th. 76, 2 : Andr. Kmbl. 1590; An. 796 : Exon. Th. 451, 13; Dóm. 103. Ne gǽle gé mínne síþ, nú míne fét gongaþ on heofenlícne weg, Blickl. Homl. 191, 21. Waldend sende here on langne síþ, Cd. Th. 5, 8; Gen. 68. Hét mé on ðysne síþ faran, 32, 7; Gen. 499. Heó on síþ gewát wésten sécan, 136, 29; Gen. 2265. Hí tugon longne síþ in hearmra hond, Exon. Th. 228, 19; Ph. 440. Gif ðú hafast mid ðé wulfes hrycghǽr on síþfæte, bútan fyrhtu ðú ðone síþ gefremest, ac se wulf sorgiaþ ymbe his síþ, Lchdm. i. 360, 22. Gegán sorhfulne síþ, Beo. Th. 2560; B. 1278. Síþ ásettan, Elen. Kmbl. 1990; El. 997. Hwílum ús earfoþlíce gesǽleþ on sǽwe ðéh wé síþ nesan frécne geféran at times we have hard hap at sea, though we come safe from and perform our dangerous voyage, Andr. Kmbl. 1030; An. 515. Ðære sunnan síþ behealdan, Exon. Th. 203, 27; Ph. 90. Hwylce Sǽ-Geátas síþas wǽron : 'Hú lomp eów on láde ?' Beo. Th. 3977; B. 1986. Síþa rest rest from journeys, Cd. Th. 86, 8; Gen. 1427. Wíde síþas, 55, 36; Gen. 905 : 276, 16; Sat. 189. IIa. the journey of the spirit from this world, cf. forþ-síþ :--Ne mæg mon foryldan ðone deóran síþ, Salm. Kmbl. 723; Sal. 361. Mín dohtor is on ýtemestum síþe (in extremis), Mk. Skt. 5, 23. III. coming, arrival :-- Hió rícsode on ðæm íglonde ðe Aulixes com tó líþan; cúð wæs sóna æðelinges síþ, Met. 26, 62 : Andr. Kmbl. 88; An. 44. Geseah Iohannes sigebearn cuman tó helle, ongeat Godes sylfes síþ, Exon. Th. 462, 15; Hö. 52 : Beo. Th. 1007; B. 501 : 3946; B. 1971. Sorgian for his síþe, Cd. Th. 49, 30; Gen. 800. IV. a proceeding, course of action, way of doing, conduct :-- Hí deófle offredon, swá him ǽfre se síþ hreówan mihte, Homl. Skt. i. 23, 64 : Beo. Th. 6109; B. 3058. Hé hafaþ mec bereáfod rihta gehwylces; nis ðæt fæger síþ, Elen. Kmbl. 1819; El. 911. Ne biþ swylc earges síþ such is not a coward's way, Beo. Th. 5076; B. 2541 : 5058; B. 2532 : 5166; B. 2586. Ic ne mæg ðínra worda ne wísna wuht oncnáwan síþes ne sagona I cannot understand aught of thy words or of thy ways, of thy proceeding or of thy sayings, Cd. Th. 34, 9; Gen. 535. Ne can ic Abeles fóre, hleómǽges síþ, 61, 34; Gen. 1007. Nú ðú seolfa miht síþ úserne (our course of action, as described in the command of Christ given in the preceding lines, or our journey, cf. faraþ l. 663, fóre, 673) gehýran, Andr. Kmbl. 680; An. 340. [Þat te schal bireowe þat sið, þat tu eauer dides te into swuch þeowdom, H. M. 9, 2. A nyð ðat weldeþ al his sið, Gen. and Ex. 274.] V. denoting that which occurs to a person, how a person fares, the course of events in the case of a person, lot, condition, fate, experience :-- Secgan hwelc siððan wearþ herewulfa síþ to say what happened afterwards to the war-wolves, Cd. Th. 121, 25; Gen. 2015. Hú ðæs gǽstes síþ æfter swyltcwale geseted wurde how it might be appointed that the spirit should fare after the death-pang, Andr. Kmbl. 310; An. 155. Tó hwon ðínre sáwle síþ (þing, Vercel.) wurde what the lot of thy soul would come to be, Exon. Th. 368, 11; Seel. 20. Ðæt wæs hreówlíc síþ eallre ðissere þeóde, ðæt hé swá raðe his líf geendade, Chr. 1057; Erl. 192, 20. Wá heom ðæs síðes ðe hí men wurdon alas for them that it was their lot to be born men, Wulfst. 27, 3. Hú lange wilt ðú bewépan Saules síþ, ðonne ic hine áwearp, ðæt hé leng ne ríxige ? Homl. Th. ii. 64, 4 : Cd. Th. 49, 14; Gen. 792. Wé ðé gecýðaþ síþ úserne we will tell thee what happened to us (the incidents are then related), Andr. Kmbl. 1719; An. 862. [Iob minegede alle his wrecche siðes (all the miseries he had experienced), O. E. Homl. ii. 169, 9. Mi muchel unseli sið (unselhðe, Bod. MS.), Jul. 46, 8.] VI. a path, way :-- Brim, sǽmanna síþ, Cd. Th. 208, 4; Exod. 478. Hié tó helle sculon on ðone sweartan síþ (cf. the account of Hermóðr going to Hell : Hann reið dökkva dala ok diúpa), 45, 27; Gen. 733. Dóþ hys síþas (semitas) rihte, Mt. Kmbl. 3, 3 : Mk. Skt. I. 3. VII. a time (cf. colloquial go, and Dan. gang), (1) with ordinals :--Eft óðre síþe hé férde iterum secundo abiit, Mt. Kmbl. 26, 42 : Gen. 27, 36. Ðæt deófol hine genam þriddan síþe, Blickl. Homl. 27, 16. (2) with cardinals :--Se hét forbærnan ealle Rómeburh on ǽnne síþ (all at once), Bt. 16, 4; Fox 58, 4. Oftor ðonne on ǽnne síþ oftener than once, Beo. Th. 3163; B. 1579. On þrý síþas drince let him drink it at three times, Lchdm. i. 352, 13. Ǽne síþa (síþe, MS. C.) once, Bd. 4, 5; S. 572, 44. Hig férdon seofon síþon embe þa buruh, Jos. 6, 15 : Gen. 33, 3 : Lk. Skt. 17, 4. (2 a) used in multiplying numbers :--Feówer síþon seofon beóþ eahta and twentig &c., Anglia viii. 302, 47 sqq. Cweþ .xii. síþum twélf, 298, 22. Endleofan síþon hund þúsenda . . . eahtatýne sýþum hundteóntig þúsenda, Blickl. Homl. 79, 19, 22. (2 b) marking degree :--Heó hæfde seofon síþum beorhtran sáule, 147, 16. [Spenser uses sithe in the sense of time. Goth. sinþ[s] time : O. Sax. síð; m. way, journey; a time : O. H. Ger. sind; m. iter, trames; vicis : Icel. sinn; n. (in adverbial phrases) a time; Dan. sind (in numeral forms, e. g. tre-sinds-tyve three times twenty, sixty).] v. bealu-, cear-, earfoþ-, eft-, ellor-, forþ-, from-, gryre-, hám-, heonan-, hin-, lagu-, láþ-, neó-, oft-, sǽ-, sige-, spild-, un-, unrǽd-, út-, wíd-, wíg-, wil-, wræc-síþ; sind; manig-síþes; ge-síþ.
[síþ]; cpve. síþra; spve. síþest, síþ[e]mest; adj. Late :-- Biþ seó síþre tíd sǽda gehwylces mǽtræ in mægne, Exon. Th. 104, 31; Gú. 16. Se síþemesta dóm (síþemesða demm, Hatt. MS.) extrema damnatio, Past. 2; Swt. 30, 21. Sardanopolus wæs se síþmesta cyning ðe on ðæm londe rícsade novissimus apud Assyrios regnavit Sardanapalus, Ors. 1, 12; Swt. 50, 29. Ðæt ǽreste . . . ðæt síþmeste ríce primum . . . novissimum regnum, 2, 1; Swt. 60, 5. Him lásta wearþ síþast gesýne the last trace of them was seen, Exon. Th. 270, 34; Jul. 475. Ðæt ðæm þeódne wæs síþas[t] sigehwíl (his last hour of victory), Beo. Th. 5413; B. 2710. On ðæm ǽrestan and on ðæm síþmestan (onwealdum), Ors. 2, 5; Swt. 86, 17. Síþmestan, 6, 1; Swt. 254, 1. Gesæt tó symble síþestan (síd-, MS.) dæge cyning, Cd. Th. 259, 34; Dan. 701. Mæssige man swá fela mæssan . . . and æt ðare síþmæstan dó man absolutionem, L. P. M. 3; Th. ii. 288, 10. ¶ In the adverbial phrase æt síþestan, síþ[e]mestan at last, in the end :-- Gif hé æt síþestan (síþmestan, MS. H.) sié gefongen, L. In. 18; Th. i. 114, 7; Beo. Th. 6018; B. 3013; Cd. Th. 217, 31; Dan. 31. Æt síþemestan novissime, Mt. Kmbl. 22, 27. [Icel. síðari; cpve. later; síðastr; spve. last.] v. next word.
síþ. I. adv. (1) Late, after some time :-- Síþ sero, Wrt. Voc. ii. 88, 22. Him ðá síþ oncwæþ, sóna ne meahte oroþ up geteón, Exon. Th. 163, 19; Gú. 996. Síþ and late, Judth. Thw. 25, 24; Jud. 275. Tó síþ Exon. Th. 96, 3; Cri. 1568. ¶ In phrases with æ-acute;r (cf. O. Sax. ni síð noh ér : O. H. Ger. ér enti síd : Icel. ár ok síð, síð ok snemma) :--Æ-acute;r and síþ early and late, always, Beo. Th. 4993; B. 2500. Síþ and æ-acute;r, Cd. Th. 177, 24; Gen. 2934 : Exon. Th. 38, 5; Cri. 602. Æ-acute;r oððe síþ, æ-acute;fre ever, at any time, 56, 1; Cri. 894 : 65, 12; Cri. 1053 : 471, 28; Rä. 61, 8. Míne gyltas ðe ic síþ oððe æ-acute;r æ-acute;fre gefremode, L. de Cf. 11; Th. ii. 264, 24 : Elen. Kmbl. 1947; Elen. 975. Sýþ oððe æ-acute;r, Menol. Fox 398; Men. 200. Ne síþ ne æ-acute;r never, Elen. Kmbl. 480; El. 240. Ne æ-acute;r ne síþ, 1140; El. 572. Sume æ-acute;r, sume síþ, Exon. Th. 154, 25; Gú. 848. Hé síþor fór on leófes lást, Cd. Th. 199, 10; Exod. 336. (2) later, afterwards; postmodum :--Æ-acute;rest hí sculon ongietan ðæt hí fleón ðæt ðæt hí lufiaþ ðonne mágon hí síþ iéðelíce ongietan ðæt ðæt is tó lufianne ðæt hí æ-acute;r flugon prius videant fugienda, quae amant, et sine difficultate postmodum cognoscant amanda esse, quae fugiunt, Past. 58, 1; Swt. 441, 14. II. prep. cf. siððan, After :-- Síþ ðam after that, Exon. Th. 110, 14; Gú. 107. III. conj. After :-- Síþ heora tuuege dæg ágán sié. Cod. Dip. Kmbl. ii. 47, 2. [Goth. seithu sero; ni thanaseiths no longer : O. Sax. síð; cpve. síðor : O. H. Ger. síd (adv., prep, with dat., conj.); cpve. sídor : Ger. seit : Icel. síð; cpve. síðarr; spve. síðast.]
síþ-berend, es; m. A scythe-bearer, a mower :-- Síþberend vel mǽþre falcarius i. falciferens, Wrt. Voc. ii. 146, 80.
síþ-bóc; f. An itinerary :-- Síþbóc itinerarium, Hpt. Gl. 454, 19.
síþ-boda, an; m. One who announces that a journey or march is to begin, applied to the pillar of cloud, Cd. Th. 193, 21; Exod. 250.
síþ-boren late-born :-- Of ðǽm síþborenum de post fetantes, Ps. Surt. 77, 70 : Wrt. Voc. ii. 138, 84.
síþ-dagas; pl. Latter days, later times :-- On síþdagum ácenned born in the latter days, Elen. Kmbl. 1274; El. 639. Cf. ǽr-dagas.
síþe (from sigþe), es; m. A scythe, implement for mowing :-- Sigdi, síþe falcis, Txts. 62, 430. Síþe, Wrt. Voc. ii. 35, 1 : falx, 38, 51 : i. 34, 64 : falcastrum, 16, 16 : 85, 3 : ii. 33, 74. Befeóll án síþe of ðam snǽde intó ánum deópan seáþe, Homl. Th. ii. 162, 10. Hé sceal habban . . . síþe, Anglia ix. 263, 5. [Icel. sigðr; m. : sigd (in Norway) a sickle.]
síþ-fær, es; n. A way, journey :-- Wið sýðfære juxta iter, Ps. Spl. 139, 6.
síþ-fæt, es; in sing. generally masc., in pl. neut. I. a journey, expedition :-- 'Se síþfæt is ðyder tó lang, and ðone weg ic ne con.' Drihten him tó cwæþ : 'Andreas ic ðínne síþfæt gestaþelode,' Blickl. Homl. 231, 26-8 : Andr. Kmbl. 840; An. 420 : Elen. Kmbl. 458; El. 229. Ðæt gewin ðæs síþfætes labor itineris, Bd. 1, 23; S. 486, 1. Ðone intingan his síþfætes itineris sui causam, 4, 1; S. 563, 24 : Andr. Kmbl. 407; An. 204. Síþfates, Elen. Kmbl. 439; El. 220. Ðæt folc wearþ þrít mid ðam síþfæte taedere coepit populum itineris, Num. 21, 4. Ðú mé hafast on ðissum síþfæte sibbe gecýðed, Andr. Kmbl. 715; An. 358. Hé byþ on sýþfæte and gysthúses beþearf, L. E. I. 32; Th. ii. 430, 25. Ðý ongunnenan síþfate, Bd. 5, 19; S. 641, 2 : Kent. Gl. 307 : Cd. Th. 211, 4; Exod. 521 : Judth. Thw. 26, 19; Jud. 336. Ðonne hwá síþfæt onginnan wille, ðonne genime hé ðás wyrte artemisiam, and hæbbe mid him, ðonne ne ongyt hé ná mycel tó geswynce ðæs síþes, Lchdm. i. 102, 4. Ðone síþfæt him ceorlas lythwón lógon, Beo. Th. 406; B. 202 : Exon. Th. 274, 3; Jul. 527. Ongan síþfæt (his journey or (?) his fate, cf. síþ, V) seófian, wyrd wánian, 274, 22; Jul. 537. II. a path, course, way, road :-- Weg via, síþfæt iter, Wrt. Voc. i. 53, 59. Rihtes síþfætes directi callis, ii. 140, 55. Síþfæte tramite, Hpt. Gl. 513, 26. Sunnan síþfæt the sun's path, Cd. Th. 182, 25; Exod. 81. Ealne gódne síþfet omnem semitam bonam, Kent. Gl. 20. Ðá oncierde ðæt scip on wónne síðfæt the ship took a wrong course, Shrn. 60, 8. Síþfatu calles, 27. Síþfata semitas, vias, Hpt. Gl. 457, 9. Ðá forléton wé ða frécnan wegas and síþfato, Nar. 17, 13. III. fig. a way, path, course :-- Síþfæt árleásra losaþ iter impiorum peribit, Ps. Spl. 1, 7. Gerece mé on síþfæte (semita) rihtum, 26, 17. Gesundfull (gesundne, Ps. Th. 67, 20) síþfæt dó ús, 67, 21. Síþfæt sægde ðe hé mid wilddeórum áteáh told of his life with the wild beasts, Cd. Th. 256, 31; Dan. 649. Nú ðú ædre const síþfæt mínne. Ic sceal sárigferþ hweorfan . . . now thou shalt speedily know my course. Mournful must I wander . . ., Exon. Th. 184, 30; Gú. 1352. Hine geheald óþ ðæt hé his síþfæt secge ealne from orde (the devil is then made to give an account of his proceedings), 259, 20; Jul. 285 : 261, 20; Jul. 318. Síþfatu semitas, Ps. Spl. 24, 4. IV. course of time (?) :--Ðá wæs æfter síþfate ðæt mægen on him weóx in course of time it came to pass that strength grew in him, Guthl. 2; Gdwin. 12, 25.
síþ-from; adj. Good at travelling, bold in journeying :-- Síþfrome, searwum gearwe, wígend (Beowulf and his men when ready for their homeward voyage), Beo. Th. 3630; B. 1813 : Andr. Kmbl. 493; An. 247. Land Perséa sóhton síþfrome Simon and Thaddeus, Apstls. Kmbl. 153; Ap. 77 : Andr. Kmbl. 1281; An. 641 : Exon. Th. 157, 17; Gú. 893.
síþ-geómor; adj. Sad and weary with travel :-- Ic ðysne sang síþgeómor fand, on seócum sefan samnode wíde, hú ða æþelingas ellen cýðdon, Apstls. Kmbl. 2; Ap. 1.
síðian; p. ode To journey, go, travel :-- Hwider síðast ðú bútan ðínum bearne ? Homl. Th. i. 416, 33. Ðæ-acute;r ic síðade juxta iter, Ps. Th. 139, 5. Hé ðider síðode. Homl. Th. ii. 516, 6. Sum undercyning hine bæd ðæt hé hám mid him síðode, i. 128, 6. Ðá ðá se Hæ-acute;lend síðode, sum man him cwæþ tó : 'Ic wille síðian mid ðé and ðé folgian,' Homl. Skt. i. 16, 154. Næ-acute;nig wæs ðæt hé eft síðade hyhta leás, Exon. Th. 157, 24; Gú. 896. Þurh ðé Freá on ðás eorþan út síðade, 21, 4; Cri. 329. Hig intó helle cuce síðodon descenderunt vivi in infernum, Num. 16, 33. Hig síðodon ealle tó Egipta lande, Ælfc. T. Grn. 5, 3. Síðedon, Cd. Th. 121, 13; Gen. 2009. Hine cneówmæ-acute;gas mid síðedon, 104, 13; Gen. 1734. Ðæt ic hláfordleás hám síðie, wende fram wíge, Byrht. Th. 139, 9; By. 251. Ðæ-acute;r gé síðien, Cd. Th. 195, 6; Exod. 272. Síðien and færen comitentur, Wrt. Voc. ii. 22, 14. For ðé sceal æ-acute;lc flæ-acute;sc forþ síðian ad te omnis caro veniet, Ps. Th. 64, 2. Ðá com eorl síðian on Egypte, Cd. Th. 110, 27; Gen. 1844. Gewát him hám síðian, 130, 18; Gen. 2161. Héht hine twegen men mid síðian, 173, 28; Gen. 2868. Samed síðian, Exon. Th. 434, 17; Rä. 52, 2. Up siðian, Hy. 3, 56. Síðigean, Andr. Kmbl. 1657; An. 831. Ic eom engel Godes ufan síðende, Exon. Th. 258, 7; Jul. 261. ¶ of the spirit's journey to another world :--Æfter deáþe somod síðiaþ sáwla mid líce, 237, 2; Ph. 584. Scolde se ellorgást on feónda geweald feor síðian, Beo. Th. 1621; B. 808. Ðæt mín sáwul tó ðé síðian móte, Byrht. Th. 136, 65. [O. E. Homl. siðian : Laym. siðen : O. Sax. síðón : O. H. Ger. sindón : Icel. sinna.] v. for-, gemid-, mid-, wræc-síðian.
síþ-lǽdness, e; f. A leading or taking away :-- Síþlǽdnisse abductione, Ps. Surt. ii. p. 195, 39. Cf. onwegálǽdness.
síþlíce; adv. Late (?), after some time, at last, in the end, lately :-- Eft ðá siððan óðre twegen swearte hremmas síþlíce cómon and his hú tǽron mid heardum bile again afterwards two other black ravens came after some time, and tore his house with hard bill, Homl. Th. ii. 144, 21. Næs Petrus gewunod tó nánre wǽpnunge ac ðǽr wǽron twá swurd síþlíce gebrohte Peter was not accustomed to arms, but two swords had lately (?) been brought there, 248, 4.
síþ-stap[p]el a track, footstep :-- Ðæt ne sýn ástyrode síþstapla míne ɫ wegas ɫ fótswaþu ut non moueantur uestigia mea, Ps. Lamb. 16, 5. v. under-stapplian.
síþ[þ], e; f. Travel, journey :-- Bǽm wæs on síþþe hæbbendes hyht to both when journeying was the possessor's joy, Exon. Th. 481, 12; Rä. 65, 2. v. gesíþ[þ].
siðða; adv. Afterwards :-- Ðonne meaht ðú siðða sóðes leóhtes habban ðínne dæ-acute;l, Bt. Met. Fox 24, 59. v. next word.
siððan, siððon, syððan, seoððan. [From síþ ðam; cf. Ger. seitdem.] I. adv. Afterwards, since :-- Gé faraþ siððan postea transibitis, Gen. 18, 5. Siððon, Exon. Th. 131, 33; Gú. 465. Sioððan, Elen. Kmbl. 2292; El. 1147. Syððan (exinde) ongan se Hæ-acute;lend bodian, Mt. Kmbl. 4, 17. Ðá ongan hyne syððan hingrian postea esuriit, 4, 2. Hé biþ ðonne seoððan ðæ-acute;m englum gelíc, Blickl. Homl. 49, 7. Siððon, 59, 7. Ða ðe seoððan after Cristes cyme wæ-acute;ron tó Gode gecyrrede, 81, 15. Ðá æfter ðisse dæ-acute;de his noma wæs á seoððan mæ-acute;re geworden, 219, 4. Á syððan ðenden wunaþ húsa sélest, Beo. Th. 571; B. 283. Siððan á, Andr. Kmbl. 2387; An. 1195 : 2757; An. 1381. Seoððan á, Cd. Th. 289, 16; Sat. 398. Siððan æ-acute;fre, Elen. Kmbl. 1012; El. 507. Hí sunnan ne geseóþ syððan æ-acute;fre, Ps. Th. 57, 7. Á forþ sioððan, Ps. C. 103. Hraðe seoððan, Beo. Th. 3879; B. 1937. Næ-acute;nig efenlíc ðam æ-acute;r ne siððan, Exon. Th. 3, 21; Cri. 39. II. conj. (1) where the tense of the verb in the clause introduced by siððan is past, in the other clause present, since :-- Ðé is ungelíc wlite, siððdan ðú læ-acute;stes míne láre, Cd. Th. 38, 28; Gen. 613 : Exon. Th. 44, 13; Cri. 702. Wé ælþeódige wæ-acute;ron, siððon se æ-acute;resta ealdor Godes bebodu ábræc we have been exiles, since Adam broke God's commands, Blickl. Homl. 23, 4. Hú lang tíd is, syððan him ðis gebyrede ? Mk. Skt. 9, 21. Ðeós syððan ic ineode ne geswác ðæt heó míne fét ne cyste, Lk. Skt. 7, 45. Manige geár syndon ágán nú seoððan úre bisceopas tó mé gewreoto sende, Blickl. Homl. 187, 3. (2) where the tense is the same in each clause, after :-- Ðonne biþ his wela for náuht, siððan hí ongitaþ . . ., Bt. 27, 3; 100, 2. Ðú scealt Isaac onsecgan, siððan ðú gestígest dúne, Cd. Th. 172, 32; Gen. 2853 : 174, 22; Gen. 2882. Him eorla mód ortrýwe wearþ, siððan hié gesáwon fyrd Faraonis, 187, 22; Exod. 155. Wæ-acute;ron Adames dagas, siððan (postquam) hé gestrínde Seth, Gen. 5, 4. Syððan, 18, 12. Syððan Iohannes geseald wæs, com se Hæ-acute;land, Mk. Skt. 1, 14. Hwæt biþ hit búton flæ-acute;sc, seoððan se écea dæ-acute;l of biþ ? Blickl. Homl. iii. 31 : Cd. Th. 309, 7; Sat. 706. [Later forms are sithenes, which gives modern since, sin, still used in dialects, and sithe, sith, which latter is common in Elizabethan writers.]
síþ-weg, es; m. A road to travel on, high-road (?) :--Hé gehǽlde hygegeómre ðe hine gesóhtun of síðwegum (síd- ? v. síd-weg) he (Guthlac, who lived in the wilderness) healed the sad in heart that from the travelled ways sought him, Exon. Th. 155, 13; Gú. 859.
síþ-weorod, es; n. A band out on an expedition :-- Ne meahton síþwerod gúþe spówan, Cd. Th. 127, 22; Gen. 2114.
síþ-wíf, es; n. A noble lady :-- On sumes síþwífes (gódes wifes, 2nd MS.) húse in domum inclytae matronae, Nar. 49, 9. v. gesíþ-wíf.
sittan; p. sæt, pl. sǽton; pp. seten. I. to sit, be seated :-- Ðú sitst on ðam heán setle, Ps. Th. 9, 4. Sitest, Hy. 8, 30. Ðú ðe sittest ofer cherubin, Ps. Th. 79, 2. On ðam ðe ofer ðæt [þrymsetl] sitt. Mt. Kmbl. 23, 22. God sitt ofer setle his, Ps. Spl. 46, 8. Ðe sit on his cynesetle, Ex. 11, 5. Siteþ, Cd. Th. 17, 16; Gen. 260. Se ðe sitteþ ofer cherubim, Ps. Spl. 98, 1. Hé on bolcan sæt, Andr. Kmbl. 610; An. 305. Weard on wicge sæt, Beo. Th. 578; B. 286. Hé æt fótum sæt freán Scyldinga, 1004; B. 500. Maria sæt be Hǽlendes fótum, Blickl. Homl. 73, 30. Wé on geflitum sǽton we sat engaged in discussions, Salm. Kmbl. 862; Sal. 430. Hié æt swǽsendum sǽton, Cd. Th. 1688; Gen. 2779. Hæleþ in sǽton, Andr. Kmbl. 724; An. 362. Site nú tó symle, Beo. Th. 982; B. 489. Geseah twegen englas sittan, ánne æt ðam heáfdon, óðerne æt ðam fótum, Jn. Skt. 20, 12. Sittan ofer ða eorþan, Mk. Skt. 8, 6. Sittan on scridwǽne, Bt. 27, 1; Fox 96, 1. Tó sittanne on míne swíðran healfe, Mt. Kmbl. 20, 23. Sittende, Lk. Skt. 22, 69. Uppan assan folan sittende, Jn. Skt. 12, 15. Sittendum wífe under geléd, Lchdm. i. 266, 6. Ia. with reflexive dative :--Ða him sǽton sundor on portum, Ps. Th. 68, 12. Sǽton him æt wíne, Cd. Th. 259, 23; Dan. 696. Ib. of kneeling :--Hié for ðam cumble on cneówum sǽton, 227, 2; Dan. 180. Ic. applied to the position of a bird at rest :--Ic (picus) glado sitte, Exon. Th. 406, 26; Rä. 25, 7. Hé (the phenix) siteþ síþes fús, 212, 10; Ph. 208. Néfuglas under beorhhleoþum sittaþ, Cd. Th. 130, 14; Gen. 2159. II. to stay, dwell, sojourn, abide, reside, remain in a place, (a) of persons :--Wé in carcerne sittaþ sorgende, Exon. Th. 2, 28; Cri. 26. Ða ðe on þ ýstrum sittaþ, Lk. Skt. l, 79. Ealle ða ðe sittaþ ofer eorþan ansýne, 21, 35. Unc módige ymb mearce sittaþ dwell on our borders, Cd. Th. 114, 21; Gen. 1907. On ðam setle ðe hé ðǽr sæt during the stay he made there, Chr. 922; Erl. 108, 22. Inne on ðæm fæstenne sǽton feáwa cirlisce men a few common men were living in the fort, 893; Erl. 88, 33. Wé on ðam gódan ríce sǽton, Cd. Th. 27, 1; Gen. 411. Hæleþ lágon, on swaþe sǽton (were left behind dead), 125, 10; Gen. 2077. Gang tó ciricean and site ðǽr and stille wuna and geseoh ðæt ðú fit ðanon ne gonge ǽr seó ádl from ðé gewiten sý ingredere ecclesiam & ibi reside, quietus manens; vide ne exeas inde, nec de loco movearis, donec hora recessionis febris transierit, Bd. 3, 12; S. 537, 9. Sitte gé on ceastre óþ gé sýn ufene gescrýdde, Lk. Skt. 24, 49. Se ðe sitte uncwydd on his are on lífe, L. Eth. iii. 14; Th. i. 298, 9. (a 1) referring to warlike or hostile operations, as in to sit down before a place (cf. siege), to encamp :-- Ðú sǽte ongeán ðínne brð-þor (cf. Icel. sitja á svikum við einn to plot against one), Ps. Th. 49, 21. Hé him æfter rád óþ ðæt geweorc and ðǽr sæt . xiiii. niht, Chr. 878; Erl. 80, 15. (Often in the Chronicle. ) (b) of things :-- Sió hefige eorþe sit ðaelig-acute;er niþere be ðæs cyninges gebode, Bt. 39, 13; Fox 234, 13. Flód mycel on sæt there was a great flood in the river. Bd. 3, 24; S. 556, 35. II a. to continue in a state or condition, live (in hope, fear, etc. ), remain (silent, etc. ) :-- Ic á on wénum sæt I lived in constant expectation. Cd. Th. 163, 18; Gen. 2700. Mǽre þeóden unblíðe sæt, Beo. Th. 261; B. 130. Sæt secg monig sorgum gebunden, weán on wénan, Exon. Th. 378, 30; Deór. 24. Sitte ǽlc wuduwe werleás twelf mónaþ, L. C. S. 74; Th. i. 416, 6. III. with the idea of oppression (cf. colloquial to sit on a person, Icel. sitja á sér to restrain one's self), to sit or bear heavy on, weigh, press, rest :-- Ne mé wiht an siteþ egesan áwiht ǽniges mannes nou timebo quid faciat mihi homo, Ps. Th. 55, 9. Seó hefige byrþen siteþ on ðæm deádan líchoman ðære byrgenne the heavy burden of the tomb presses on the dead body, Blickl. Homl. 75, 7: Lchdm. iii. 110, 23, 26. On eów scyld siteþ, Exon. Th. 131, 2; Gú. 449. Ús Godes yrre hetelíce on sit. Wulfst. 162, 2. Ða yrmþa ðe ús on sittaþ, 157, 5- Swá sæt seó byrþen synna on ðissum cynne, Blickl. Homl. 75, 9. For ðæm earfoþum ðe him on sǽton for the miseries that sat heavy on them, Met. 26, 97. Sitte sió scyld on him, L. Alf. 17; Th. i. 48, 15. Æ-acute;r ðon ðe him se egesa onufan sǽte, Judth. Thw. 25, 10; Jud. 252. IV. to sit in authority, preside :-- Ðæt mód ðe ofer ðæm flǽsce sitt mens carni praesidens, Past. 36, 7; Swt. 256, 3. V. trans. To occupy a seat :-- Sæt hé ðæt biscopsetl .xxxvii. wintra, Bd. 5, 23; S. 646, 9. [Goth. sitan: O. Sax. sittian: O. Frs. sitta: O. H. Ger. sizzan: Icel. sitja.] v. á-, æt-, be-, eft-, for-, fore-, ge-, of-, ofer-, on-, tó-, under-, ymb-sittan; and next word.
-sittende -sitting, -occupying, -inhabiting, v. benc-, burh-, flet-, hám-, heal-, in-, land-, þrym-, ymb-sittende.
siwen-íge, -ége; adj. Blear-eyed :-- Se biþ siweníge (-igge, Cot. MSS. ) se ðe his andgit biþ tó ðon beorhte scínende ðæt hé mæge ongietan sóðfæstnesse, gif hit ðonne áþístriaþ ða flǽsclícan weorc. On ðæs siwen-ígean (-iggean, Cott. MSS. ) eágum beóþ ða æpplas hále . . . Se biþ eallinga siweníge (-igge, Cott. MSS. ) ðonne his mód and his andgit ðæt gecynd áscirpþ and hé hit ðonne self gescint mid his ungewunan lippus vero est, cujus quidem ingenium ad cognitionem veritatis emicat, sed tamen carnalia opera obscurant. In lippis quippe oculis papillae sanae sunt . . . Lippus itaque est, cujus sensum natura exacuit, sed conversations pravitas confundit, Past. 11. 4; Swt. 67, 24-69, 9. Siwenége lippos, Germ. 396, 284.
six, siex, syx six. I. as adj. indecl. : -- Wirc six dagas, Ex. 20, 9. On six dagum God geworhte ealle þing, 20, 11. Æfter six (sex, Lind., Rush. ) dagum, Mt. Kmbl. 17, I- Betweox ðara sex fífa ǽlcum, Lchdm. ii. 148, 2. Sex bis terna, Wrt. Voc. ii. 12, 10. On siex dagum, Exon. Th. 105, 13; Gú. 22. Da siex stafas sweotule bécnaþ, 407, 4; Ra. 25, 10. Syx (sex, Lind., Rush. ) dagon ǽr, Jn. Skt. 12, 1. 1a. in multiplication :-- Ceorles wergild is . cc. sciɫ ɫ. Ðegnes wergild is syx swá micel, L. M. L.; Th. i. 190, 3. ' II. as subst. declined :-- Ða hyra syxe wǽron ácwealde, Shrn. 111, 10. On ðam mynstre wǽron fíf brð þra oððe syxe, Bd. 4, 13; S. 582, 22. Hé sǽde ðæt hé syxa sum ofslóge syxtig, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 18, 7. Ymbsealde sint mid sixum. Elen. Kmbl. 1481; El. 472. [Goth. saihs: O. Sax. sehs: O. Frs. sex: O. H. Ger. sehs: Icel. sex.]
six-benn, e; f A wound made by a 'seax' :-- Ealdorgewinna [the fire-drake) siexbennum seóc (cf. cyning wælseaxe gebrǽd . . . forwrát Wedra helm wyrm on middan, 5400; B. 2703), Beo. Th. 5800; B. 2904.
six-ecge; adj. Hexagonal :-- Sixecge exagonum, Wrt. Voc. i. 55, 3. Sixecge bere exaticum, ii. 144, 58.
six-feald; adj. Six-fold :-- Sixfeald exagonum, sixfealdum leóþcræfte exametro heroico, Wrt. Voc. ii. 144, 46, 47. Siexfealdre anlícnesse sena paradigmata, 89, 39.
six-féte; adj. Having six feet (of verse) :-- Ðæt syxféte vers, Anglia viii. 335, 13. Mid getelferse ɫ sixfétum catalectico versu, Hpt. Gl. 409, 21.
six-gilde; adj. Requiring six-fold payment or fine.: -- Diácones feoh . vi. gylde a deacon's property (when stolen) shall be paid for with a sixfold fine, L. Ethb. I; Th. i. 2, 5. v. -gilde.
six-hynde; adj. Of a class whose wergild is six hundred shillings :-- Gif wealh hafaþ fíf hýda hé biþ sixhynde, L. In. 24; Th. i. 118. 10. Be syxhyndum men. Gif hit sié syxhynde mon, [gielde] ǽlc mon . lx. sciɫ ɫ., L. Alf. pol. 30; Th. i. 80, 11. Gif hió sié syxhyndu, 18; Th. i. 72, 14. Syxhyndes monnes burhbryce . xv. sciɫ ɫ., 40; Th. i. 88, 10. Gif syxhyndum ðissa hwæðer gelimpe, gebéte be ðæs syxhyndan bóte, 39; Th. I. 88, 2-5. Syxhyndum men . c. sciɫ ɫ. gebéte, 10; Th. i. 68, 10. ¶ applied to the wergild :-- Æt twýhyndum were mon sceal sellan tó monbóte .xxx. sciɫ ɫ., æt syxhyndum . lxxx. sciɫ ɫ., L. In. 70; Th. i. 146, 14. v. twelf-hynde, and see Stubbs' Const. Hist. i. 161, note 3.
six-hyrnede; adj. Having six corners or angles :-- Sixhernede sex-angulatum, Wrt. Voc. i. 55, 4.
six-nihte; adj. Six days old :-- Se ðe biþ ácenned on, vi. nihtne mónan, Lchdm. iii. 160, 23 : 178, 6.
sixta; ord. num. Sixth :-- Se sixta (sexta) sextus, Ælfc. Gr. 49; Zup. 282, 17. Siexta wæs Óswald, Chr. 827; Erl. 64, 4. Ðá wæs syxte gear. Elen. Kmbl. 14; El. 7. Wæs ðá sihste tíd. Exon. Th. 171, 8; Gú. 1123. Seista (sesta, Rush. ), Mk. Skt. Lind. 15, 33.
sixteóþa; ord. num. Sixteenth :-- Se syxteóþa (six-) sextus decimus, Ælfc. Gr. 49; Zup. 283, 3. Sextegða, Shrn. 91, 20.
sixtig; used as subs, or adj. Sixty :-- Syxtig sexaginta, Ælfc. Gr. 49; Zup. 281, 18. Salomones reste wæs ymbseted mid syxtigum werum . . . Hwæt mǽnde ðæt syxtig wera strongera? Blickl. Homl. II, 16-22. Æfter siextegum daga intra sexagesimum diem, Ors. 4, 6; Swt. 172, 4. Mid iii hund scipa and LXgum, Swt. 176, 25. Sexdig (sextig. Rush. ), Mk. Skt. Lind. 4, 8. Sexdig ɫ sextih. Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 13, 23. Sexdeih, 13, 8.
sixtigoþa sixtieth :-- Se sixteogoþa sexagesimus, Ælfc. Gr. 49; Zup. 283, 12.
sixtig-feald sixty-fold. Mt. Kmbl. 13, 8, 23.
sixtig-wintre sixty years old :-- Hé wæs fíf and sixtigwintre, Gen. 5, 15, 18, 20, 21, 23.
sixtíne sixteen :-- Syxtýne sedecim, Ælfc. Gr. 49; Zup. 281, 13.
sixtíne-nihte; adj. Sixteen days old :-- On . xvi. nihte mónan, Lchdm. iii. 180, 3.
sixtíne-wintre; adj. Sixteen years old :-- Ðǽr georn . xvi. wintre mǽden, Shrn. 140, 1: 141, 9.
slá (from sláhe); gen. slán: but also sláh, slág, e; f. A sloe: -- Slá brumela, bellicum. Wrt. Voc. ii. 127, 26. Slág bellicum, Txts. 45, 289. Genim onwǽre sláh ðæt seáw . . . gif sió sláh biþ gréne, Lchdm. ii. 32, 18 - 20. Gewring tósomne swilce sié án sláh, 54, 6. Slán moros. Wrt. Voc. i. 285, 33 : ii. 56, 32. [Cockayne quotes from a late MS. : Acasia est succus prunellarum [im]maturarum, grene slane wose: and pl. slon occurs Alis. 4983. In Baker's Northants. Gloss. slacen-, slaun-bush are given as used of the blackthorn. O. H. Ger. sléha, sléa prunella, agacia: Ger. schlehe: Dan. slaaen. v. plúm-slá; sláh-þorn.
slacian, slæcian, sleacian; p. ode To slacken, relax an effort :-- Gif hé lithwón slacode . . . his handa ne slacedon sin autem paululum remisisset . . . factum est, ut manus illius non lassaréntur, Ex. 17, 11, 12. Ðæt ne ða sleacgiendan (pigritantes) hé ofhreóse, Hymn. Surt. 18, 15. [Nullich neuer slakien to drien herd wiðuten, A. R. 134, 22. Ne schaltu seon me slakien to leuen. Jul. 26, 1. He mot slakie his bendes. Laym. 23345 (and MS. ). Cf. Icel. slakna to get slack.] v. á-, tó-slacian; slæccan.
slacigendlíc, slǽ. v. a-slacigendlíc, sleahe.
slæc, sleac, slec (v. slæcness); adj. Slack. I. of persons (1) inactive, slothful, lazy, not willing to make an effort :-- Slæc reses, Wrt. Voc. ii. 118, 77. Sleac piger, i. 74, 33: lentus vel piger, 49, 35. Sleac vel slaw pigras vel lentus, 16, 48. Ðú yfela þeówa and sleac thou wicked and slothful servant. Homl. Th. ii. 554, 7. Sægdon ðæt hé sleac wǽre, æðeling unfrom. Beo. Th. 4381; B. 2187. Ðæt ðæm sleacan preóste ne þince tó mycel geswinc, ðæt hé undó his eágan, Anglia viii. 317, 4. Tó swilcum sleacum cweð se hírédes ealdor: ' Tó hwí stande gé hér ealne dæg ýdele?' Homl. Th. ii. 78, 10. (2) careless, negligent, remiss, not strict in the performance of duty :-- Ne tó stræc on ðære láre ne tó slæc on ðære mildheortnesse ne aut districtio rigida, oue pietas remissa. Past. 17, 10; Swt. 125, 1. Se ðe sleac wǽre tó gódnesse, Homl. Th. ii. 100, 22. Se biþ wacigende .. . se biþ sleac and slǽpende, Btwk. 220, 32. Sleaces socordis, Germ. 388, 34. Ne beón gé tó slápole ne tó sleace, ac scyldaþ eów georne wið deófles dare. Wulfst. 40, 21. Sleace to ǽnig wyrcenne gód pigre ad aliquod operandum bonum, Anglia xi. 117, 36. (3) languid, ill :-- Slæce egra, Wrt. Voc. ii. 107, 8 : 29, 18. II. of things, (1) of physical movement, slow, gentle :-- Sum munuc mid sleaccre stalcunge his fótswaðum filigde, Homl. Th. ii. 138, 6. (2) that makes inactive, sluggish :-- Wé sceolon ásceacan ðone sleacan slǽp ús fram, i. 602, 15. (3) not attended with effort :-- Hit is ealles tó sleac munuca . þeówdóm (nimis iners seruilium), gif hié læsse singaþ, R. Ben. 44, 18. (4) lax of conduct :-- Gemetgie ðæt fýr ða bilewitnysse, ðæt heó tó sleac ne sý, Homl. Th. ii. 46, 8. þeówode hé druncennesse and monigum óðrum unálýfednessum ðæs sleacran lífes (vitae remissioris), Bd. 5, 14; S. 634, 15. [O. Sax. slak: O. H. Ger. slah: Icel. slakr.] v. un-slæc.
slæccan, sleccan (?); p. slæcte, slæhte To make slack or slow, to delay :-- Ðú ús oftrædlíce mid elcunge geswænctést. . . . Ðá cwæþ se cyngc, ' Ðe læs ðe ic eów á leng slæce (slæcce ?), ' Th. Ap. 20, 6. v. á-slæccan, ge-sleccan; slacian.
slæcfull; adj. Slothful :-- Slacfulran for beládunge propter somnolentorum excusationes, R. Ben. Interl. 55, 8.
slæclíc; adj. Slow :-- Mid sleacilera (sleaclícere ?) sera, tarda, Hpt. Gl. 472, 49. v. next word.
slæclíce; adv. Lazily, slothfully, languidly :-- Sleaclíce enervatius, i. debilius, Wrt. Voc. ii. 143, 54. Sume sleaclíce (scleac-, MS. F. ) lágon and slépon, R. Ben. 68, 21. v. un-slæclíce.
slæcness, e; f. Sloth, inertness, laziness :-- Slecnes accidia, Wrt. Voc. ii. 5, 73 : 97, 5- Scleacnes pigredo, Kent. Gl. 694. I. slowness of physical movement :-- Swá swá ðære sunnan sleacnys ácenþ ǽnne dæg and áne niht . . . swá eác ðæs mónan swiftnys áwyrpþ út ǽnne dæg and áne niht, Lchdm. iii. 264, 19. II. slowness in action :-- Ðæs þeówes sleacnys (he seemed long in doing his errand), Shrn. 43, 15. Wæs beboden ðæt hi sceoldon caflíce etan, forðan ðe God onscunaþ ða sleacnysse on his þegnum. Homl. Th. ii. 282, 3. III. mental inertness :-- Nú wolde ic ðæt ða æðela [n] clericas ásceócon fram heora andgites orþance alce sieacnysse, Anglia viii. 301, 4. IV. remissness, slowness in performance of duty :-- Oft eác sió gódnes ðære monþwǽrnesse biþ diégellíce gemenged wið sleacnesse . . . Wé sculon manian ða manþwǽran ðæt hié fleón ðæt ðǽr suíðe neáh liegeþ ðære monnþwǽrnesse, ðæt is sleacnes, Past. 40; Swt. 289, 18-22.
slæcorness, e; f. Slackness, laziness, remissness :-- Ic ondette sleacor-nesse and slápornesse, Anglia xi. 98, 40.
slǽd, sléd, es; n. A slade in local names, e. g. Waterslade, v. W. Somerset Words, E. D. S. Pub., and in some dialects. ' Slade a breadth of greensward in ploughed land; a flat piece of grass; but now most commonly applied to a broad strip of greensward between two woods, generally in a valley, ' Baker's Northampt. Gloss. Narrow strips of boggy ground running into the hard land at Rockland are called " The Slades, " E. Anglian Gloss. Slade a breadth of greensward in ploughed land, or in plantations, E. D. S. Publ. Gloss. B. 7 (West Riding) In Levin's Manip. Vocab. -1570- a slade, valley = vallis, and Drayton uses the word in this sense, v. Nares; see also Halliwell's Dict., low, flat, marshy ground, with a broad bottom, a valley. The word occurs not unfrequently in the charters, e. g. :-- On slédes heáfad. Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 148, 3. Andlang slǽdes on pyt, iii. 48, 24: 407, 12. Tó brocces slǽde, 233. 34. On ðæt slǽd, 385, 28. Óþ ðæt niéhste slǽd, 416, 21. On slǽð, 25, 24. It occurs also in composition :-- To wulfslǽde, 456, 6. On Fugelsléd; of ðam sléde, 48, 21. In barfodslǽd; and swá on timberslǽd . . . on hamslǽdes heáfdan, 380, 25 - 6. On fearaslǽd, 385, 30. On dæt riscslǽd, 437, 15. Ondlong slǽ ðbróces, 405, 17. In other connections it is not common, but occurs in the following passage :-- Dameris beforan ðæm cyninge farende wæs swelce heó fleónde wǽre óþ hió hiene gelǽdde on án micel slǽd. . . . Ðǽr wearþ Cirus ofslægen and twá þ úsend monna mid him Tomyris simulat diffidentiam, paulatimque cedendo, hostem in insidias vocat. Ibi quippe, compositis inter mantes insidiis, ducenta millia Persarum cum ipso rege delevit, Ors. 2, 4; Swt. 76, 29. Cf. Iulius ferde ut of Doure in to ane muchele slæde & his folc hudde, Laym. 8585. Heó talden whar me heom kepen mihte in ane slade deopen, 26887. Geond slades & geon dunen, 28365. By slente oþer slade, Allit. Pms. 5, 141. Loke a littel on þe lannde on þi lyfte honde & þon schal se in þat slade þe self chapel, Gaw. 2147.
slægu, e; f. Slag, dross :-- Slaegu, slægu, slegu lihargum ( = lithargyrum), Txts. 75, 1230. Slægu liliagrum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 51, 6.
slæht, slæhtan. v. sliht, slihtan.
slǽp, slép, sleáp, sláp, es; m. Sleep :-- Befeóll slǽp (sopor) on Abram, Gen. 15, 12. Hrædlíce se slǽp becymeþ, Lchdm. i. 246, 17. Slǽp biþ deáþe gelícost, Salm. Kmbl. 624; Sal. 611. Hine slǽp ofereode. Andr. Kmbl. 1640; An. 821. Mec slǽp ofergongeþ. Exon. Th. 422, 23; Ra. 41, 10. Slép, Prov. Kmbl. 1. Gif ic mínum eágum unne slǽpes, Ps. Th. 131, 4. Slépes soporis, Ps. Surt. ii. p. 201, 38: somni, 202, 15. Hí wéndon ðæt hé hyt sǽde be swefnes slǽpe (slépe, Lind., Rush. de dormitione somnii), Jn. Skt. 11. 13. Mid ðý heó ðý slǽpe tðbrǽd somno excussa, Bd. 4, 23; S. 596, 5: Andr. Kmbl. 3053; An. 1529: Cd. Th. 161, 15; Gen. 2655. Of slǽpe onwóc æþeling, 249, 2; Dan. 524. Tó slǽpe;; gáte horn under heáfod gelǽd weccan hé on slǽpe gecyrreþ, Lchdm. I. 350, 21-2. Sigon tó slǽpe, Beo. Th. 2506; B.1251. Se ðe for sleápe áwéd frenticus (cf. slǽpleást), Wrt. Voc. I. 45, 72. Mid slǽpe swundon omnes somno torpent inerti, Bd. 4, 25; S. 601, 11. Ic sóftum alǽpe mé reste, Homl. Th. I. 566, 22. Gif hé ð ære hnappunge ne swícþ ðonne hnappaþ hé óþ hé wierþ on fæstum slǽpe dormitando oculus ad plenissimum somnum ducitur, Past. 28, 4; Swt. 195, 12. Ðý swíðan slǽpe, Blickl. Homl. 205, 4. Slápe somno, Eng. Stud. ix. 40, col. 1. Ðæt dust ðysse wyrte ðone slǽp on gelǽdeþ, Lchdm. i. 286, 6: 158, 2. Næfþ hénánne slǽp, ii. 198, 25. Slép, i. 158, 2. Sió slǽwþ him giét on ðone slǽp, Past. 39; Swt. 283. 8. Ásceacan ðone sleacan slǽp. Homl. Th. i. 602, 15. Slǽpa sluman. Exon. Th. 122, 31; Gú. 314. The sleep of death :-- ' Ic wille áwreccan hyne of slǽpe'. . . Se Hǽlend hit cwæþ be his deáþe. Jn. Skt. 11. 11. Up ástandan of slǽpe ðæm fæstan, Andr. Kmbl. 1589; An. 796: Exon. Th. 55, 27; Cri. 890. [Goth. sléps: O. Sax. sláp: O. Frs. slép: O. H. Ger. sláf.] v. frum-, niht-, ofer-slǽp.
slǽp, es; m. (?) A slippery, miry place (?) :-- Ðis sind ða landgemǽro . . . Ǽrest of ðan ealdan slǽpe . . . tó ðan ealdan slǽpe ðǽr hit ǽr ongan, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. vi. 112, 30-113, 3. On ocean slǽw (slǽp?), iii. 48. 19. [Cf. O. H. Ger. sleifa labina (labina a myre, Wulck. Gl. 591, 11 : a fenne, 797, 10): Icel. sleipr slippery. Slape soft, slippery is given in Halliwell as a North-country word. See also E. D. S. Pub. Gloss. B. (E. Yorks. ), ' slape slippery as a dirty path, ' and Gloss. B. 7 (W. Yorks. ), B. 15 (, Ray's North-country Words).] Cf. slipor.
slǽp-ærn, -ern, es; n. A dormitory :-- Slǽpern dormitorium, Wrt. Voc. i. 58, 10. Hwǽr slǽpst (ðú)? On slǽperne (dormiiorio) mid gebrð-þrum. Coll. Monast. Th. 35, 25: Bd. 4, 23; S. 595, 39. Canonicas, ðǽr seó ár sí, ðæt hí beóddern and slǽpern habban mágan, healdan heora mynster mid rihte, L. Eth. v. 7; Th. i. 306, 12. Ic begeat ðæt stǽinene slápern and ðlǽrtó ðæs landes be súþan ðaelig;n slépern .xxiiii. gerda on lange. Chart. Th. 156, 20-27.
slǽpan, slépan; p. te. [The Northern Gospels also shew forms from slépian :-- Gif hé slépaþ. Jn. Skt. Lind. ll, 12. Slépiaþ ɫ slépeþ árísaþ (slépiaþ árísas, Rush. ), Mk. Skt. Lind. 4, 27. Slépade (geslépedon, Lind. ) dormilaverunt, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 25, 5.] I. to sleep :-- Ðú slépes, Mk. Skt. Lind., Rush. 14, 37. Slépes dormit. Mt. Kmbl. Lind., Rush. 9, 24. Hwǽr resteþ (-aþ, MS. ) ðæs mannes sáwnl ðonne se líchama slépþ ? Salm. Kmbl. 188, 12. Slǽpeþ dormitet, Ps. Lamb. 120, 3. Slǽpeþ (slépeþ, Ps. Surt. ) obdormiet, Ps. Th. 120, 4. tó slǽpe; wulfes heáfod lege under pyle; se unhála slǽpeþ, Lchdm. i. 360, 18. Gif gé slǽpaþ (slépaþ, Ps. Surt. ), Ps. Th. 67, 13. Slépes, Lk. Skt. Lind. 22, 46. Hé æt ðæm stáne slǽpte, Past. 16; Swt. 101, 18. Hwæðer hé wacode ðe slépte, ' Bd. 2, 12; . S. 513, 39. Ðá hié sléptun (geslépdon. Lind. ) cum dormirent, Mt. Kmbl. 13, 25. Sléptun (slépdon, Lind. ) dormierant, 27, 52. Hneapedun ɫ slýpton (in a later hand, v. Txts. p. 293) dormierunt, Ps. Surt. 75, 6. Ðeáh ðæt mod slǽpe gódra weorca, Past. 56; Swt. 431, 25. Mé lyste slǽpan dormiturio, Ælfc? Gr. 34; Zup. 211, 12 note. Ongunnon slépan dormitaverunt. Ps. Th. 75, 5. Wæs ic slǽpende 56, 4: 77, 65. Ðá gemétte hé his geþoftan slǽpendne. Bd. 3, 27; S 559, 15: Beo. Th. 1486; B. 741. Hé hig funde slǽpende (slépende Lind., Rush. ), Lk. Skt. 22, 45. II. to sleep, lie with a person :-- Gif hwá fǽmnan beswíce unbeweddode, and hire mid slǽpe (slépe, MS G. ), L. Alf. 29; Th. i. 52, 6. [Laym. p. slæpte, slepte: A. R. p. slepte Orm. sleppte.] v. ge-, on-slǽpan; healf-slǽpende; slápan,
slǽp-bǽre; adj. Somniferous, soporific :-- Hys gecynde is swíðe hát and slǽpbǽre, Lchdm. i. 284, 22.
slæpero, es; m. A sleeper :-- Ðæra eádigra seofon slǽpera þrowung, Homl. Skt. i. 23, 1. v. slápere.
slǽpig adj. Sleepy. [O. H. Ger. sláfag.] v. un-slǽpig.
slǽp-leás; adj. Sleepless :-- Slǽpleás insomne, Germ. 399, 263. [O. H. Ger. sláf-lós.]
slǽ p-leást, e; f. Sleeplessness :-- Hine gedrehte singal slǽpleást. Homl. Th. i. 86, 16. Wið slǽpleáste, genym ðysse ylcan wyrte (poppy) wós, smyre ðone man mid; sóna ðú him ðone slép on senst. Lchdm. i. 158, 1. [þe þet þuruh slópléste áwét frenetus, Wrt. Voc. i. 89, 81.]
slǽpness, e; f. Sleepiness, drowsiness :-- Deófol ús lǽreþ slæpnesse and sent ús on slǽwðe, Homl. As. 168, 106.
slǽpor; adj. Addicted to sleep :-- Ne beó ðú tó slǽpor, forðan ðe slép fét unhǽlo ðæs líchoman. Prov. Kmbl. i. v. sláporness.
slǽp-wérig; adj. Weary and sleepy, sleepily weary, so tired as to sleep, cf. deáþ-wérig; or (?) weary of sleep, cf. symbel-wérig :-- Oft mec (a mill-stone) slǽpwérigne secg oððe meówle grétan eode, Exon. Th. 387, 14; Ra. 5, 5.
slǽta p. te [causative of siítan; cf. bait an animal, and bite] To slate [Halliwell quotes from a book of 1697 to slate a beast is to hound a dog at him; and in Ray's North-country Words (1691), E. D. S. Pub. Gloss. B. 15, 'to slete a dog, ' is to set him at anything, as swine, sheep, etc. In Gloss. B. 17 the form is sleat. Jamieson also gives to slate to let loose, applied to dogs in hunting], bait, set dogs on, hunt with dogs :-- Man slætte ǽnne fearr, and se fear arn him tógeánes, Homl. Skt. i. 12, 72. [Heo leiden to him, sum wið stan, sum wið ban, and sleatten on him hundes (sletten him wið hundes), Jul. 53, 16. To slætenn affter sawless, Orm. 13485. Tho hede the wrecne (the wolf) fomen inowe, That weren egre him to slete Mid grete houndes, and to bete, Rel. Ant. ii. 278, 23. Cf. O. H. Ger. sleizan scindere, vellicare,] v. next word., slǽting, e; f. Hunting :-- Hé (William Rufus) geátte mannan heora wudas and slǽtinge (cf. William of Malmesbury's statement that he gave the English free leave to hunt), Chr. 1087; Erl. 225, 7. [Toward þau kinge heo weoren beien þær he wes an slæting (an hontyng, 2nd MS. ), Laym. 12304. Bole slating, Alis. 200.] v. preceding word.
slǽw; slǽwan. v. sláw; á-, for-slǽwan, sláwian.
slǽwp, e; f. Sloth, laziness, inertness, torpor; accidia, inertia, pigredo, torpor :-- Se sixta leahter is accidia geháten, ðæt is ásolcennyss oððe slǽwþ on Englisc, Homl. Skt. i. 16, 296. Sió slǽwþ giétt slǽp on ðone monnan pigredo immittit soporem. Past. 39, 1; Swt. 283, 6. Slǽwþ torpor, Hymn. Surt. 26, 28. Sléuþ pigredo, Kent. Gl. 694. On ðæm sceáte his slǽwþe in sudario lenti torporis, Past. 9; Swt. 59, 16. From ðære slǽwþe his synna a peccati torpore, 28, 4; Swt. 193, 23. Slǽwþe inertia. Engl. Stud. ix. 40, col. 1. Hí for heora slǽwþe and for gimeléste forléton unwriten ðara monna dǽda, Bt. 18, 3; Fox 64, 33. Ic wát ðæt swongornes hí mid slǽwþe ofercymþ, 36, 6; Fox 180, 34. Gyf hé for slǽwþe his hláfordes forgýmþ, lie biþ his ágnum wel geborgen, L. R. S. 20; Th. i. 440, 16. Slǽwþum torporibus, Hymn. Surt. 4, 10. v. un-slǽwþ.
slaga, an; m. A slayer, homicide; interfector, percussor, lanio :-- Slaga lanio, Wrt. Voc. ii. 53, 36. Hú ne biþ hé swelce hé sié his slaga (mortis auctor), ðonne hé hine mæg gehǽtan and nyle ? Past. 38, 4; Swt. 275, 9. Gif man þeóf geméte, and hé hús brece, and hine man gewundie, se slaga biþ unscildig, Ex. 22, 2. Se slaga (cf. ðæs sleges andetta, 29; Th. i. 80, 7), L. Alf. 30; Th. i. 80, 12. The procedure in cases of homicide is given L. E. G. 13; Th. i. 174, 15 sqq., and L. Edm. S. 7; Th. i. 250, 12 sqq. Ic monnes feorh tó slagan séce, Cd. Th. 92, 7; Gen. 1525. Slagum interfectoribus, Engl. Stud. ix. 40, col. 1. Se Hǽlend miltsian wolde his ágenum slagum, H. R. 107, 5. [O. H. Ger. (man-)slago.] v. ágen-, brððor-, fæder-, mǽg-, mann-, módor-, morþ-, morþor-slaga.
slágian, slág(h)- þorn, slagu (?), sláh, slahae. v. sláwian, sláh-þorn, man-, morþor-slagu, slá, sleahe.
sláh-hyll a hill where sloes grow :-- On sláhhyll, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 367, 3.
sláh-þorn, es; m. A sloe-thorn, blackthorn :-- Slághþorn, sláchthorn, -dorn nigra spina, Txts. 81, 1380. Sláhþorn, slágh-, salach-thorn, 99, 1898. Sláhþorn, Wrt. Voc. ii. 60, 39. Slágþorn, i. 285, 32. Ádelf niþeweardne sláhþorn, Lchdm. ii. 92, 30. [Le fourder (slothorne) que la fourdine (slon) porte, Wrt. Voc. i. 163, 1. Dan. slaaentorn.]
sláhþorn-ragu lichen from a blackthorn, Lchdm. ii. 144, 1.
sláhþorn-rind bark of a blackthorn, Lchdm. ii. 98, 7: 108, 11: 132, 9: iii. 58, 8.
sláhþorn-weg a road along which blackthorns grow, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 130, 27.
slápan; p. slép, sleáp; pp. slápen To sleep. I. of natural sleep :-- Slǽpst ðú ? Mk. Skt. 14, 37. Heó slǽpþ. Mt. Kmbl. 9, 24: Jn. Skt. 11, 12. Simle hé biþ lociende, ne slǽpþ hé nǽfre, 81. 42; Fox 258, 8. Ðonne wé sápaþ, 34, 11; Fox 152, 5. Hwí slápe gé? Lk. Skt. 22, 46. Ic slép (sleáp, Ps. Spl.), Ps. Lamb. 56, 5. Hé slép. Gen. i. 21: 28, 11: Bd. 3, 9; S. 534, ii. Óðre men slépon, 2, 12; S. 513, 37: Bt. 15; Fox 48, 12. Ealle slépun, Mt. Kmbl. 25, 5. Slápaþ dormite, Mk. Skt. 14, 41. Ðeáh hé slápe, Ps. Th. 40, 9: Lchdm. ii. 36, 9. Swelce se stióra slépe, Past. 56; Swt. 431, 30. Mé lyste slápan dormiturio, Ælfc. Gr. 34; Zup. 211, 12: Ps. Th. 3, 4:, Ors. 4, 6; Swt. 178, 24: Bd. 3, 11; S. 536, 30: Shrn. 106, 23. Ðonne mon wile slápan gán, Lchdm. ii. 228, 5. ' Hé wæs slápende, Mk. Skt. 4, 38 : Homl. Th. i. 566, 17. Ia. figurative, to sleep, be inactive, be motionless :-- For hwí slǽpst ðú, Driht-en? Ps. Th. 43, 24. Ðæt mód slǽpþ ðæs ðe hit wacian sceolde, and wacaþ ðæs ðe hit slápan sceolde. Past. 56; Swt. 431, 27. Ðonne wé slápaþ fæste, ðonne we nóhwæðer ne hit witan nyllaþ, ne hit bétan nyllaþ . . . ne slǽpþ hé nó fæsðe, ac hnappaþ . . . . 28; Swt. 195, 5-8. Ðæt ic (the creation) ne slépe siddan ǽfre, Exon. Th. 422, 20; Ra. 41, 9. Ib. of death :-- Ic slápe on deáþe, Ps. Spl. 12, 4. Lazarus slǽpþ . . . Se Hǽlend hit cwæþ be his deáþe, Jn. Skt. 11. 11. Ðæt míne eágan nǽfre ne slápan on swylcum deáþe, Ps. Th. 12, 4. Be ðám slápendum, ðæt is, be ðám deádum. Hwí sind ða deádan slápende gecwedene? . . . Ealle móton slápan on ðám gemǽnelícum deáþe, Homl. Th. ii. 566, 30-34. I c. of numbness in the limbs, to sleep, be paralyzed: -- Gif wé tó lange sittaþ us slápaþ ða lima, i. 490, 1. Gif þeóh slápan . . . lǽt reócan on ðæt lim ðætte slápe. Lchdm. ii. 66, 5-6. Wið slápende (paralyzed) líce, i. 380, 18. Cf. Wið áslápenum lice, ii. 12, 17. II. to sleep, lie with a person :-- His hlǽfdige cwæþ tó him : 'Slap mid me, ' Gen. 39, 7. [Strong preterites, as well as weak, are found in Chaucer and Langland. Goth. slépan: O. Sax. slápan: O. Frs. slepa : O. H. Ger. sláfan.] v. á, on-slapan, be-slǽpan (-slápan); slǽpan,
slápere, es; m. A sleeper :-- Ðæra seofon slápera gemynd, Homl. Th. ii. 424, 8. v. slǽpere.
slápfulness, e; f. Sleepiness, drowsiness :-- Ungelimplíce slápfulnys [slápful (? cf. slápor)] lethargus, Wrt. Voc. i. 46, 1.
slápian; p. ode To cause to sleep, used impersonally with acc.; cf. O. H. Ger. mih sláphóta dormitavit anima mea :-- Ne geþafa ðú ðínum eágum ðæt hié slápige ne ne hnappigen díne brǽwas . . . Ne slápige nó ðin eáge (eágan, Cote. MSS. ) . . . Ðæt is ðæt mon his eáge lǽte slápian (slápan, slápigen, Cott. MSS. ) ne dederis somnum oculis tuis, ne dormitent palpebrae tuae . . . Ne dederis somnum oculis tuis . . . Somnum oculis dare, est . . ., Past. 28, 4; Swt. 193, 18-25. v. slápan, slǽpan.
slápol; adj. Addicted to sleep, somnolent :-- Ne sceal mon beón tó slápol (somnolentus), R. Ben. 17, 16. Se ðe wǽre slápol, weorðe se ful wacor, Wulfst. 72, 13. Ne beón gé tó slápole ne ealles tó sleace, 40, 21. Tó ðám Godes weorce árísende, heora ǽlc ððerne myngige, ðæt ða slápule (-an, MS. F. ) náne láde næbben, R. Ben. 47, 17. Hana ða slápolan þreáþ, Hymn. Surt. 7, 1. [Unilimpliche slápel letargicus, Wrt. Voc. i. 90, 1.]
slápolness, e; f. Somnolence, sleepiness :-- Seó slápolnys byþ gescrýdd mid wácum tætticum dormitatio vestietur pannis, Homl. As. 9, 237. Ádrǽf slápolnyssa expelle sompnolentiam, Hymn. Surt. 18, 13. Ásol-cennys ácenþ ídelnysse and slápolnysse, Homl. Th. ii. 220, 25. Ic syngede þurh slǽwþe and þurh slápelnesse per accidiam et somnolentiam, Confess. Peccat.
sláporness, e; f. Somnolence :-- Ic ondette slápornesse, Anglia xi. 98, 40. v. preceding word, and slǽpor.
slarige, an; f. Clary; salvia sclarea :-- Slarege sclaregia, Wrt. Voc. i. 79, 16. Slarige, Lchdm. iii. 6, 10. Slarian sǽd, 72, 8. Slarian gódne dǽl, ii. 58, 11. [From Latin.]
sláw, slǽw, sleáw; adj. Slow, inert, sluggish, slothful, torpid :-- Sleac vel sláw pigrus vel lentus, Wrt. Voc. i. 16, 48. Sláw reses vel deses vel piger, 49, 30. Se ðe wǽre full sláw, weorðe se unsláw, Wulfst. 72, 14. Ðone sǽnan ðe biþ tó sláw ðú scealt hátan assa má ðonne man segnis ac stupidus torpet? asinum vivit, Bt. 38, 4; Fox 192, 20. Sió sláwe torpens, Wrt. Voc. ii. 60, 2. Mód ðæt sláwe mens torpida, Hymn. Surt. 37, 10. Ðú yfela þeów and sláwa (piger). Mt. Kmbl. 25, 26. Ðú sláwa gá ðé tó æmethylle vade ad fortnican, o piger, Past. 28, 3; Swt. 191, 25. On óðre wísan sceal man manian ða sláwan (cf. late, Swt. 281, 16), on óðre ða ðe beóþ tó hrade, Past. "23; Swt. 175, 25. Ðá sláwan (pigri) sint to manianne ðæt hié ne forielden ðone tíman ðe hié tiola on dón mǽgen, 39, l; Swt. 281, 19. Sláwera desidiosorum, Wtr. Voc. ii. 28, 12. [Slak (sléu, MS. C. ) an móde, Hel. 4962. O. H. Ger. sléo hebes: Icel. slær, sljór blunt, dull; Dan. slostals;v.] v. un-sláw.
sláwian; p. ode To be or become slow, sluggish, inactive :-- Hwæs wilnast ðú ðæt dú ne sláwedest swá micel geswinc tó gefremmanne what dost thou desire, that thou hast not been slow to perform so great a labour, Homl. Skt. ii. 23 b, 224. Wacige and swince ðár ongeán tfæt hé oft ǽr beslép and sláwode, L. Pen. 16; Th. ii. 284, 3. Slágige (slacige?) ɫ sláwige pigeat, Hpt. Gl. 479, 5. [O. H. Ger. sléwén hebere, torpere: cf. Icel. sljófa to blunt.] v. á-, for-sláwian.
sláwlíce; adv. Slowly, sluggishly; pigre :-- Ðæt hié tó sláwlíce ðara ne giémen ðe him befæste sién ut a commissorum custodia minime tor-pescant, Past. 28, 3; Swt. 191, 23. Ic wéne ðæt hé hiene snide sláwlícor (sláulícor, Hatt. MS. ) pigrius fortasse incideret, 26, 3; Swt. 186, 3. [Ne dyde hé þ̄ náht sláulíce, Anglia x. 143, 87. Man slawliche ariseð, and late to chireche goð, O. E. Homl. ii. II, 35. Icel. slæ-, sljó-liga slowly, dully, carelessly.] v. un-sláwlíce.
slá-wyrm, es; m. A slow-worm, blind-worm (cf. a slaworme cecula, Cath. Angl. 343), a kind of snake: -- Sláwyrm stellio, Wrt. Voc. i. 24, 25: 78, 60: spalangius, 24, 27: Hpt. Gl. 450, 26: regulus (cf. regulus est serpens, avis, et rex parvulus omnis, Wrt. Voc. i. 221, 9), Kent. Gl. 913: Engl. Stud. x. 40. Efete sláwyrm stellio, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 3; Zup. 35, 7 note. [Cf. Norweg. slo, orm-slo a blindworm: Swed. sla, orm-sla.] Cf. sleán to strike.
sleac, sleacian. v. slæc, slacian.
sleahe, slǽ; f. A slay (or sley), a weaver's reed, an instrument of a weaver's loom that has teeth like a comb: -- Slahae pectica. Wrt. Voc. ii. 117, 23. Slǽ pe[c]tica i. 282, 6. [Purvu de une lame (slay), Wrt. Voc. i. 157, 26. Sley lamia, pecten, 217, col. 2. Slaye lanea, 234, col. 2. Slay pecten, lania, Cath. Angl. 342, col. 2, and see note. Slay, webstarys loome lanarium, radius, Prompt. Parv. 458, col. 1.]
sleán; p. slóh, slóg, slógh, pl. slógon; pp. slagen, slægen, slegen. A. trans. I. to strike an object, smite :-- Gif ðú slehst si percusseris, Kent. Gl. 880. Gif man óðerne mid fyste in naso slæhþ, L. Ethb. 57; Th. i. 16, 17. Ðæt fell hlýt, ðonne hit mon sliehþ, Past. 46; Swt. 347, 5. Ðæt ár ðonne hit mon slihþ, 37; Swt. 267, 24. Ðám ðe ðé slihþ (slyhþ, MS. A. : sláeþ, Lind. ) on ðín gewenge, Lk. Skt. 6, 29. Ic sylfa slóh gréne tácne gársecges deóp, Cd. Th. 195, 21; Exod. 280. Ðonne hié (the serpent) mon slog oððe sceát, Ors. 4, 6; Swt. 174, 7. Hé ðone níðgæst slóh, ðæt ðæt sweord gedeáf, Beo. Th. 5392; B. 2699. Slóh ðá wundenlocc ðone feóndsceaþan fágum méce, Judth. Thw. 23, 3; Jud. 103. Sume hyne slógon (slogan. Lind., Rush. ) on his ansýne mid hyra handum, and cwǽdon: Sege hwæt is se ðe ðé slóh (slóg, Rush. ) Mt. Kmbl. 26, 67, Me weras slógon and swungon, Andr. Kmbl. 1927; An. 966. Hí mé mid sweopum slógun, Exon. Th. 88, 18; Cri. 142. Ne sleá gé nánne neminem concutiatis, Lk. Skt. 3, 14. Sleáþ synnigne ofer seolfes múþ, Andr. Kmbl. 2601; An. 1302. Se ðe sleá (percusserit) his fæder oððe his móder swelte hé deáþe, Ex. 21, 15. Gehýrde ic ðæt Eádweard ánne slóge swíðe mid his swurde, Byrht. Th. 135, 13; By. 117. Ðá beáh hé sleánde his breóst, H. R. 107, 11. Áhsa hwæðer hé ǽfre wǽre slegen on ða sídan. Lchdm. ii. 258, 23. Biþ slaegen percellitur, Wrt. Voc. ii. 117, 3. An slægenre in pacte, 48, 77. II. of special kinds of striking, (a) to strike coin, to stamp money (cf. similar use in O. Frs. and Icel. ), cf. mynet-slege :-- Wæs ðæs feós ofergewrit ðæs ylcan mynetsleges ðe man ðæt feoh on slóh, sóna ðæs forman geáres ðá Decius féng tó ríce. Homl. Skt. i. 23, 476. Ælc mynetere ðe man tíhþ ðæt fals feoh slóge. L. Eth. iii. 8; Th. i. 296, 12. Godes feoh biþ befæst myneterum tó sleánne, Homl. Th. ii. 554, 14. (b) to forge a weapon (cf. Icel. ), . cf. slecg-hamer :-- Sæt smiþ, slóh seax. Lchdm. iii. 52, 27. III. of a serpent, to sting :-- Gif næddre sleá man, Lchdm. ii. no, 14. IV. to strike so as to kill, to slay :-- Slés ðú occideris, Ps. Surt. 138, 19. Hé sléþ occideret, 77, 34. Mann slihþ ðínne oxan bos tuus immoletur. Deut. 28, 31. Ic slóg niceras, Beo. Th. 847; 6. 421: Exon. Th. 272, 4; Jul. 494. Ðonne God hié slóg (occideret), ðonne sóhton hié hine, Past. 36, 3; Swt. 251, 20: Beo. Th. 217; B. 108. Slógh, Bd. 3, 9; S. 533, 14. Hé slóh and fylde feond, Cd. Th. 124, 32; Gen. 2071. Se hagol slóh ealle ða þing ðe úte wǽron, ǽgðer ge men ge nýtenu. Ex. 9, 25. Slógon obruerunt, Wrt. Voc. ii. 65, 20. Abraham ne sleah ðín bearn, Cd. Th. 176, 18; Gen. 2913. Sleh, 204, 12; Exod. 418. Sleá man ðone leásan wítegan propheta Hie interficietur, Deut. 13, 5. Ðás folc sleán mid cwealmþreá, Cd. Th. 151, 10; Gen. 2506. Se eorl wolde sleán eaferan sínne, 203, 30; Exod. 411. On deáþ sleán (cf. Dan. at slaa ihjel) scyldige, 76, 34; Gen. 1267. Hé biþ . . . tó sleánne oðde tó álýsenne, L. Wih. 28; Th. i. 42, 25. Hié wǽron ða wǽpnedmen sleánde, Ors. l, 10; Swt. 48, 6. Wæs Fin slægen, Beo. Th. 2309; B. 1152. Sacerdas wǽron slægene, Bd. 1, 15; S. 484, 1. Ða hǽþenan wǽron slægne, 3, 24; S. 556, 29. . V. to make by striking, to strike fire, to make a mark, sound, signal by a stroke :-- Ðá arn sum þeng and slóh tácen æt ðam gæte cucurrit minister, et pulsans ad ostium, Bd. 3, 11; S. 536, 17. Hé tácen mid his handa slóh sonitum manu faciens, 4, 3; S. 568, 6. Men tácen slógon, Guthl. 11; Gdwin. 54, 24: 12; Gdwin. 58, 23. Sleah feówer scearpan, Lchdm. ii. 100, 3 : 142, 18. Sleá him ánne spearcan, 290, 17. . V a. to strike a bargain (cf. Icel. slá kaupi) :-- Hig slógon heora wedd ǽgðer tó óðrum, Gen. 21, 27. VI. to strike, drive so as to cause impact :-- Hé slóh fýr on feóndas he drove the fire on to the foes, Cd. Th. 237, 28; Dan. 344. VIa. metaph. :-- Ic wéne gif wit uncre word tósomne sleáþ, ðæt ðǽr ásprunge sum spearca sóþfæstnesse, Bt. 35, 5; Fox 164, 2. VI b. to pitch a tent, drive a stake into the ground (cf. Icel. slá landtjoldum; Ger. ein Lager schlagen) :-- Iacob slóh his geteld on ðæré dúne, Gen. 31, 25. Sleah ǽnne stacan onmiddan ðam ymb-hagan, Lchdm. i. 395, 4. Ða hét Moises sleán án geteld bútan hira wícstówe, Ex. 33, 7: Homl. Th. ii. 242, 8. Ða stówa ðe gé eówre geteld on sleán sceoldon, Deut. i. 33. VIc. to cast into chains (cf. O. Frs. on tha helda slein) :-- Hió sceolde ða men weorpan an wildedeóra líc and siððan sleán on ða raccentan and on copsas. Bt. 38, 1; Fox 194, 32. VII. to move by a stroke, to strike off a limb, etc. :-- Hí slógon him of ðæt heáfod, Th. An. 122, 23. Sleá mon hond of oððe fót, L. In. 18; Th. i. 114, 7: 37; Th. i. 124, 23. VIII. metaph. to strike with disease, punishment, etc., cf. a paralytic, apoplectic stroke :-- Ic ástrecce mine hand and sleá Egipta land on eallum minum wundrum. Ex. 3, 20. Sliét concidet (cervices peccatorum), Blickl. Gl. Hí mid ðý wíte ðæs foresprecenan wræces slægene wǽron praefatae ultionis sunt poena multati, Bd. 4, 25; S. 601, 31. B. intrans. I. to strike, make a stroke :-- Hé yrringa slóh in anger he struck, Beo. Th. 3135; B. 1565: 5350; B. 2679. On ðone eádgan andwlitan men hondum slógun, Exon. Th. 69, 22; Cri. 1124. Ðæt hé mé ongeán sleá, Beo. Th. 1367; B. 681. Ia. to strike as a smith does :-- Hé sulh heóld and on íren slóh and corn ðærsc and windwode. Shrn. 61, 18. II. to kill (the object not being expressed) :-- Ne sleah ð ú, L. Alf. 5; Th. i. 44, 17. Slyh (sleh, MS. A. ), Mk. Skt. 10, 19. þeóf ne cymþ búton ðæt hé stele and sleá, Jn. Skt. 10, 10. Hié wǽron ða burg hergende and sleánde, Ors. 2, 8; Swt. 92, 16. III. to move rapidly (v. A. VI. ), rush, dash, break, take a certain direction; cf. to strike into a path, across a country (cf. Icel. slásk to betake ones self] :-- Gesca sláet singultat (cf. Icel. impersonal use sló á hann hlátri he was seized with a fit of laughter). Wrt. Voc. ii. 120, 50. Ðǽr seolesburna sliht on meóne. Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 13, 31. Ðeáh swín beswemde weorþon, ðonne sleáþ hé eft on ða solu. Bt. 37, 4; Fox 192, 28. Hé on scip ástáh and slóh út on ða sǽput to sea, Ap. Th. 6, 6. Se lég slóh tó leofonum, Shrn. 73, 36. Ðá slóh ðǽr micel mist a great mist came on suddenly. Gen. 15, 17. Seó sǽ slóh tógædere occurrerunt aquae, Ex. 14, 27. Hé ofdrǽd slóh ádún ðǽrrihte terrified he straightway fell down as if struck (cf. Icel. slá sér niðr to throw one's self down on a bed), Homl. Skt. i. 23, 718. Ðá slóh ðǽr micel leóht fit æfter ðam englum (cf. Icel. impers. use, e. g. loganum sló út), Homl. Th. ii. 342, 7; 350, 24. On slógan incursere, Wrt. Voc. ii. 48, 1. Drenc wið deádum swile ðæt hé út sleá, Lchdm. ii. 74, 18: 102, 20. Ðý læs hit in sleá, 324, 3. Gif hié út sleán if they (pocks) break out, 106, 4. [Goth. slahan: O. Sax. slahan: O. Frs. slá: O. H. Ger. slahan: Icel. slá.] v. á-, be-, for-, ful-, ge-, of-, ofer-, tó-, wið-sleán; fýst-slægen.
sleáw, slébe-scóh, sleccan. v. sláw, slífe-scóh, slæccan.
slecg, e; f. A sledge-hammer, mallet; malleus :-- Slecg, hamur mallews. Wrt. Voc. ii. 57, 78. Slegc, i. 86, 16. Hwæt sylst ðú ús on smiþþan ðínre búton ísene fýrspearcan and swégincga beátendra slecgea (malleorum), Coll. Monast. Th. 31, 7. Wé hit uneáþe mid ísernum hamerum and slecgum gefyldon quam ferrets uix comminuimus malleis, Nar. 21, 5. [The gret slegges, Parten. 3000, Icel. sleggja a sledge-hammer: O. H. Ger. slaga malleus.]
slecgettan; p. te To palpitate, beat, throb :-- Seó wamb cloccet, swá swá hit slecgete. Lchdm. ii. 220, 18. [O. H. Ger. slagazen palpitare, tremere. ]
sléd, sléf, sléfan, sléfe. v. slǽd, slíf, slífan, slífe.
slege, slæge, es; m. I. a stroke, blow :-- Mé and míne geféran mid ánum slege (iclu) hé (the whale) mæg besencan. Coll. Monast. Th. 24, 33. Gif hine mon geyflige mid slege oððe mid bende, L. Alf. pol. 2; Th. i. 62, 3, Geswell ðe wyrð of fylle oððe of slege, Lchdm. ii. 6, 28. His eáge wand út mid ðam slæge, Homl. Skt. i. 4, 143. Slægum ictibus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 47, 54. Of wundum oððe of sníþingum oððe of slegum, Lchdm. ii. 82, 23. II. of a serpent's sting, cf. sleán, III :-- Wið nædran slege, Lchdm. ii. 10, 21: no, 22. III. a striking, beating, (a) scourging :-- Seó sunsciéne slege þrowade, Exon. Th. 256, 10; Jul. 229. þéh ðú þolie synnigra slege though thou suffer scourging at the hands of sinners, Andr. Kmbl. 1911; An. 958. (b) stamping, coining, v. mynet-slege, sleán, II a. (c) clashing, collision, v. sleán, VI a :-- Slæge conlisio, Wrt. Voc. ii. 105, 27. Slege, 15, 29. Slægum contunsionibus, 24, 43. Slegum, 20, 32. IV. a crash, clap of thunder, cf. Ger. donner-schlag :-- Ðǽr com swylce þunres slege, Nicod. 24; Thw. 13, 4. Hreám swá hlúd swá þunres slege, 27; Thw. 15, 5. [Wæs swyðe mycel lihtinge and ungemetlice slæge ðæræfter, Chr. 1118; Erl. 246, 40.] V. a fatal stroke, slaying, slaughter, death (by violence. On the difference between slege and morþor see Grmm. R. A. 625) :-- Ðæra cildra slege (the murder of the innocents), Homl. Th. i. 80, 28. Hú nyt is ðé mín slæge quae utilitas in sanguine meo, Ps. Th. 29, 8. Nú is ǽghwonon yfel and slege, Blickl. Homl. 115, 16. Gif mon twýhyndne mon mid hló ðe ofsleá, gielde se ðæs sleges andetta sié . . ., L. Alf. pol. 29; Th. i. 80, 7. For geclǽnsunge his unrihtes slæges ob castigationem necis ejus injustae, Bd. 3, 24; S. 557, 25. Æfter Pendan slæge post occisionem Pendan, S. 557, 30. Æfter his slæge (interfectionem), 3, 9; S. 533, 30. On Urias slege (slæge, Hatt. MS. ), Past. 3; Swt. 34, 23. Be elþiódies monnes slege. Gif mon elþeódigne ofsleá, L. In. 23; Th. i. 116, 13. Mid his bróðor slege parricidio, Ors. 2, 2; Swt. 64, 23. Hé tihte ðæt folc to dæs Hǽlendes slege, Homl. Th. i. 292, 6: 216, 15. He is gelád tó slege swá swá scép, ii. 16, 20. Hí heora swuran gearcodon sylfwylles tó slege they voluntarily prepared their necks for the fatal stroke, Homl. Skt. i. 5, 47. Mid micelre gnornunge ymb ðæs cyninges slege. Ors. 2, 4; Swt. 76, 23. þurh ðæs hyrdes slege byþ seó heord tðdrǽfed. Mt. Kmbl. 26, 31. VI. a defeat, loss inflicted on an army; clades :-- Ðæt tácen núgiet cúþ is on ðære eá noman ðæs consules sleges Fauiuses testatur hanc Fabii cladem Allia, sicut Cremera Fabiorum, Ors. 2, 8; Swt. 92, 17. Crist him gefylste to his feónda slege (cf. hí álédon heora fýnd, 96, 22), A. S. Rdr. 95, 13. VII. metaph. a stroke of affliction, punishment, disease, etc. v. sleán, VIII :-- Ǽr ðan ðe se fǽrlíca slege (the pestilence) ús ástrecce, Homl. Th. ii. 124, 21. VIII. an instrument for striking (or to be put with the next word?), (a) a slay :-- Slege percussorium (the word occurs among terms connected with weaving). Wrt. Voc. i. 59, 44. v. sleahe. (b) a plectrum [v. Hearp-slege plectro, Engl. Stud. xi. 64]. [Goth. slahs a stroke, blow: O. Sax. slegi slaying: O. Frs. slei: O. H. Ger. slag plaga, ictus, tusio, percussio: Icel. slagr a blow, defeat; cf. also slag; n. a blow; a defeat, slaughter, loss; a stroke of apoplexy.] v. bróðor-, deáþ-, dolg-, eár-, gegn-, hearm-, hearp-, hleór-, morþor-, mynet-, on-, sár-, sweord-, þeóf-slege(-slæge).
slege, es; n. A beam, bar. v. heáfod-, ofer-slege (-slæge). [Cf. Icel. slá; f. a cross-beam.]
slege-bítel, es; m. A beetle, hammer, mallet :-- Sleah ðonne on mid slegebýtle, Lchdm. ii. 342, 7.
slege-fǽge; adj. Doomed to slaughter, doomed to death by the sword :-- Slegefǽge hæleþ (the Assyrians before their defeat), Judth. Thw. 25, 7; Jud. 247.
slegel, es; m. An instrument for striking a harp :-- Slegele plectro, Wrt. Voc. ii. 66, 79. [O. H. Ger. slegil percussorium, maza: Ger. schlagel: Du. slegel a hammer, mallet.]
sleg-neát, es; n. A beast to be slaughtered :-- Hé geselle eghwelce gére tuá slegneát (slægnǽt, Chr. 852; Erl. 67, 39), Ch. Th. 105, 4. [Cf. Icel. slag-á a ewe to be slaughtered. "] Cf. sliht-swín.
sleht, sleów, slépan (to sleep), slépan (to drag), slí v. sliht, slíw, slǽpan, slípan, slíw. slíc (7); adj. I. sleek, smooth v. slícian. II. cunning, crafty, using smooth words (v. wards given under slícian) :-- Ic wæs ána slícera ðonne ealle óðre drýas sapientior eram omnium sapientium mago-rum. Nar. 50, 19. [Prompt. Parv. slyke or smothe lenis. With browis smothe and slyke (rimes with chike). Chauc. R. R. 542. Thowe make hem slyke and fatte ynough, Pall. I. 689. Icel. slíkr sleek.]
slic[c], es; n. A hammer :-- Sleánde slicc (slicc for slecg?) mallei percutientes, Kent. Gl. 723, see the note. Hé sceal habban . . . slic (in a list of weaver's implements; slíc an implement for smoothing what is woven, a sleek-stone, cf. slykston amethon, Wülck. Gl. 563, 26: letatorium, 593, 19. Slekstone/ lacinaiorium, Wrt. Voc. i. 218, 2. A slike-stone lucchier, 172, 15. See also Prompt. Parv. 458, note 2., Anglia ix. 263, 15. v. sliccan and slícian.
sliccan to strike, slap cf. colloquial lick = to beat. Halliwell gives slick as an Oxfordshire word for a blow, slap :-- Se ðe his wiel slicþ slieþ, slihþ mid girde qui percusserit servum suum virga, Ex. 21, 20. Gif men cídaþ and hira óðer his néxtan mid fýste slicþ, and hé dead ne biþ . . . hé biþ unscildig, ðe hine slóh, 21, 18-19. Gif hwilc slicþ eacniende wíf, 21, 22. v. slic[c].
slician; p. ode To make sleek, smooth, or glossy :-- Heó glytenode swá scýnende sunne oððe nígslýcod hrægel, Shrn. 149, 8. [v. Prompt. Parv. 458, note 2, where 'to sleek clothes' is quoted from Kennett, and a passage from Walter de Bibelesworth is given (v. also Wrt. Voc. i. 172, 13) : la dame ge ta koyf luche (slike). Til sleuth and slepe slyken his sides, Piers P. 2, 98. The word is also applied to making a fair show in speech :-- Alle þine wordes beoþ isliked, And so bisemed and biliked, O. and N. 841. Wordes afaited and ysliked, Ayenb. 212, 2. He can so well his wordes slike, Gower ii. 365, 22. See, too, Jamieson's Dictionary, sleekie fawning and deceitful; sleekit smooth, shining (of the face); but also, deceitful; sleekit-gabbit smooth-tongued.] v. slíc.
slídan; p. slád; pp. sliden To slide, slip, fall. I. of actual movement, to slide, glide :-- Ðá cómon twegen deóflu tó him of ðære lyfte slidan, Guthl. 5; Gdwin. 30, 16. II. fig. to make a mistake, to fail, err :-- Ðonne hé geong fareþ, hafaþ wilde mód, slideþ geneahhe (makes many a slip). Salm. Kmbl. 758; Sal. 378. III. to fall into an unhappy condition :-- Gif seó sáwl slídan sceal in ða écan wíte, Wulfst. 187, 16. IV. to pass away, be transitory or perishable :-- Ðeós mennisce tyddernes biþ swá slídende swá glæs, ðonne hit scínþ and ðonne tðbersteþ; ac Godes wuldor nafaþ nǽnigne ende, Shrn. 119, 23. Fleóg ðtú wesan ealdor slídendes plegan (labentis ludi), Lchdm. i. Iviii, 2. [Þer on geð him one in one sliddrie weie, he slit & falleþ sone; and ter monie goð togederes, . . . gif eni uoð on uorte sliden, be oðer breideð hine up er þen he allunge ualle, A. R. 252, 10-12. Mony folk slod to helle, H. R. 136 157. Huanne þe on uot slyt, þe oþer him helpþ, Ayenb. 149, 2. M. H. Ger. s'líten.] v. á-, æt-slídan; útásliden.
slide, es; m. A slip, fall; lapsus, Ælfc. Gr. 11; Zup. 79, 9. I. of an actual slip :-- Ðá wearþ mé slide and ic him (the horse) of áfeóll lapsus decidi. Bd. 5, 6; S. 619, 18. II. fig. a slip into misfortune or error :-- Forðæm hit ǽr hit nolde behealdan wið unnyt word, hit sceal ðonne niédinga áfeallan for ðæm slide. Past. 38; Swt. 279, 5. Ð ú gene-redest fét míne fram slide (de lapsu), Ps. Spl. 55, 13: 114, 8. Forwyrd ɫ slide lapsum, ruinam, Hpt. Gl. 440, 61. þurh synna slide through falling into sin, Exon. Th. 263, 13; Jul. 349. Slidas lapsus. Hymn. Surt. 7, 17. v. fǽr-slíde.
slíding, v. á-slíding. alidor; adj. Slippery :-- Ýs byþ ungemetum slidor, Runic pm. Kmbl. 341, 15; Rún. 11. Slideres lubrici, Hpt. Gl. 405, 46. Sýn heora wegas þýstre and slidore fiant viae eorum tenebrae et lubricum, Ps. Th. 34, 7- [Prompt. Parv. slydyr lubricus. )ju schalt falle, þe wei is slider, O. and N. 956. To a dronke man the wey is slider, Chauc. Kn. T. 406: Gower iii. 14, 8.]
slidor, es; n. I. a slippery, miry place; lubricum :-- Turf gleba, sliddor labina (cf. labina a myre, Wülck. Gl. 591, 11: a fenne, 797, 10), sol volutabrum, moor uligo, Wrt. Voc. i. 37, 20-24. Cf. slǽp. II. In a list giving names of things connected with ships, slidor glosses pulvini (pulvini machinae quibus naves deducuntur et sub-ducuntur in portum, Du Cange), 56, 54.
slidorian, slidrian; p. ede To slither (in various dialects; Dryden uses sliddering), to slide, slip :-- Ðonne hié on monigfealdum wordum slidrigaþ dum per multiplicia verba dilabuntur. Past. 38, 6; Swt. 277, 5. Míne fét ne slideredon non sunt infirmata vestigia mea, Ps. Th. 17, 35. Gif hy geseón ðæt mine fét slidrien dum commoverentur pedes mei, 37, 16. [Prompt. Parv. slyderyn labo vel labor: 0. Du. slideren. Cf. Vondunge is sliddrunge, A. R. 252, 14.]
slidorness, e; f. Slipperiness, a slippery place :-- Slidornis lubricum, Blickl. Gl. (Ps. 34, 6): Ps. Spl. T. 34, 8. [Prompt. Parv. slydyrnesse labilitas.]
slíf, sléf, slýf, e: slífe, an; f. A sleeve: -- Slýf manica, Wrt. Voc. i. 81, 70. Be slífan gebunden submanicatus, 21, 64. Slýfa manicae vel bra-chila, 25, 63. Slýfan manice, ii. 55, 23: 87, 58: bracile, 127, 14: manicas, 87, 43. Ǽghwelcere wunde beforan feaxe ad beforan sliéfan (sléfan, MS. B. : slýfan, MS. H. ) and beneoðan cneówe sió bót biþ twýsceatte máre (cf. 45; Th. i. 92, 20 for this double compensation when a wound was not concealed by the hair), L. Alf. pol. 66; Th. i. 96, 30. Synd gesealde from ðam abbode ealle neádbehéfe þing, ðæt is cugele . . . slýfa (slýfan, MSS. O. T. ), gyrdel, R. Ben. 92, 3. Hé one hláf tóbræc and bewand on his twám slýfum, Homl. Th. i. 376, 30. Hé ðone hláf gedyde on his twá sléfan, Blickl. Homl. 181, 17. v. earm-slífe.
slífan; p. sláf; pp. slifen To slive ('Slive to cut, slip, or slicc off. . . Palsgrave, " I slyve a gylowfloure or any other floure from his branche or stalke. "' Baker, Northants Gloss. ) [Slyvyn a-sundyr findo, effisso. Cf. also slyvynge, cuttynge a-wey avulsio, abscissio; slyvynge of a tre or oþer lyke físsula. He al hool or of hym slyvere (a slice, cutting), Chauc. T. and C. iii. 138. Sliver = slice still used in Scotland, v. Jamieson's Dict.] v. tó-slífan.
slífan, sléfan; p. de To slip or put a garment on a person :-- Hé hine sylfne ungyrede, and ðæt reáf ðe hé on hine hæfde hé sléfde on ðone foresprecenan man . . . Sóna swá hé mid ðan hrægle swá miccles weres gegyred wæs, Guthl. 16; Gdwin. 68, 18. [Slive to dress carelessly, Cumb. A garment rumpled up about any part of the person is said to be slived. Sliver a snore slop worn by bankers or navigators, Linc. It was formerly called a sliving. The sliving was exceedingly capacious and wide. Halliwell's Dict.] Cf. slípan, slíf, slífe-scóh.
slífe-scóh a loose shoe easily drawn on, a slipper :-- Socc, slébescóh soccus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 120, 69. Cf. slífan, slípe-scóh.
slíf-leás; adj. Sleeveless :-- Sléfleás scrúd colobium, sléfleás aucra scrúd levitonarium, Wrt. Voc. i. 40, 20, 21. Hæbban hý scapulare, ðæt is gehwǽde cugelan and slýfleáse, R. Ben. 89, 13.
slifor; adj. Slippery, deceitful :-- Slideres ɫ sliferes lubrici. Hpt. Gl. 405, 46. [Cf. sliverly cunning, deceitful, Linc. Halliwell's Dict.] Cf. slipor.
sliht, sleaht, sleht, slieht, sliét, slyht (s see the cpds. ), es; m. I. a striking of coin. v. pening-sliht. II. a stroke, flash of lightning, v. líget-sliht. III. slaughter, death by violence :-- Ðes sliht haec caedes, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 27; Zup. 53, 4. Æt eallum slyht[e?] and æt ealre ðære hergunge ðe ǽr ðam gedón wǽre, sér ðæt frið geset wǽre . . . nán man ðæt ne wræce ne bóte ne bidde, L. Eth. ii. 6; Th. i. 288, 1. Hú hé mid forhergiunge and mid heora mǽga slihtum on his geweald geniédde, Ors. 2, 5; Swt. 82, 17 : 5, 11; Swt. 238, 5. III a. the deadly stroke of disease :-- Ðis folc is mid swurde ðæs heofonlícan graman ofslegen, and gehwilce sind mid fǽrlícum slihte áwéste. Homl. Th. ii. 124. 10. IV. what is to be killed, animals for slaughter, v. sliht-swín (cf. Icel. slátr butcher's meat; slátra to slaughter cattle) :-- Gafolswáne gebyreþ ðæt hé sylle his slyht be ðam ðe on lande stent. On manegum landum stent ðæt hé sylle ǽlce geáre . xv. swýn tó sticunge, L. R. S. 6; Th. i. 436, 11 [Kath. slaht Laym. slaht, slæht, sclæht, slejht: R. Glouc. slajt. Cf. O. Sax. man-slahta; f. : O. Frs. slachte a blow, mortal blow; stamp, coining: O. H. Ger. slahta strages, occisio: Icel. sláttr; m. mowing; striking of an instrument. '] v. fiðer(-el ?)-, for-, hand-, hlóþ-, líget-, mǽg-, mann-, morþ-, morþor-, pening-, þeóf-, wæl-sliht; cf. slege.
sliht; adj. Level, smooth; in the cpd. eorþ-slihtes level with the ground :-- Swá swá oxa gewunaþ tó áwéstenne gærs óþ ða wirttruman eorþslihtes mid tóþum (eats the grass to the root, to the level of the ground'), Num. 22, 4. [Goth. slaihts wigs a level road; O. H. Ger. sleht planus: Icel. sléttr plain, level. ]
slihtan; p. te To smite, slay :-- Gif ðú fallas ɫ slæhtas cadens (translator seems to have read caedens in the second case). Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 4, 9. [Cf. O. H. Ger. slahtón mactare: Ger. schlachten.]
sliht-swín, es; A swine to be killed :-- Gýme eác swan ðæt hé æfter sticunge his slyhtswýn wel sæncge, L. R. S. 6; Th. i. 436, 16. [Cf. Ger. schlacht-vieh cattle to be killed.] Cf. sleg-neát.
slím. es; m. n. Slime, mud, mire :-- Slím limus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 54, 14: borbus, cena, 26, 53. Áfæstnod ic eom on líme (slíme ? cf. Ps. 68, 3: I am festened in slime depenesse) grundes infixus sum in limo pro-fundi, Ps. Spl. 68, 2. . [M. H. Ger. slím; m. : Ger. schleim : Du. slijm : Icel. slím; n.]
slincan; p. slanc, pl. sluncon. I. to crawl :-- Eodon ða wyrmas and scluncon wundorlíce; wǽron him ða breóst up gewende, Nar. 14, 8. Slincendes reptantis, Hymn. Surt. 28, 17. Hé gescóp eall wyrmcynn and creópende and fleógende and swymmende and slincgende, Anglia viii. 310, 17. II. fig. to slink away :-- Se earma flýhþ uncræftiga slǽp slincan on hinder, Dóm. L. 240. [Cf. O. H. Ger. slíhhan repere, reptare.] v. next word.
slincend, es; m. n. A crawling thing, a reptile :-- Ealle slincendu (Ps. Spl. slincende) omnia reptilia, Ps. Lamb. 68, 35 : 103, 25. Fram ðam slincendum óþ ða fugelas, Gen. 6, 7.
slingan; p. slang, pl. slungon To wind, twist, worm, move as a serpent. Cf. sling to move quickly, Var. dial. It also has the same meaning as slinch (slink). Halliwell's Dict. :-- Gif heó (the adder] ðæt heáfod innan ðone man bestingþ ðonne slingþ ( = slincþ ?) heó mid ealle inn if it strikes its head into the man, then it winds itself quite in. Boutr. Scrd. 20, 15. [O. H. Ger. slingan: Ger. schlingen to wind: Icel. slyngva to wind.]
slipa (slypa ?), an; m. A viscous, slimy substance :-- Genim sealh and ele dó ahsan (tó ?) gewyrc ðonne tó slypan . . . dó ðonne on ðone slipan, Lchdm. ii. 18, 26-28. Wyrc slypan of wætere and of axsan, iii. 38, 1. v. slipig, slipor, and slyppe.
slípan (P); p. sláp, pl. slipon To slip, glide. [He with feigned chere him slipeth (rimes with wipeth) he slips of, Gower ii. 347, 30. Slype to move freely, as any weighty body which is dragged through a mire, Jamieson's Dict. O. H. Ger., slífan labi.] Cf. slipor, and see slúpan.
slípan, slépan; p. te To slip, put something on or off. Cf. slípe to take away the outside covering from anything, Halliwell's Dict.. Slype to strip off the skin or bark of anything, Jamieson's Dict. :-- Se hláford hefig gioc slépte on ða swyran sínra þegena, Me: 9, 55. Se cyning slýpte his beáh of the king slipped his ring off; tuiit rex annulum de manu sua, Anglia ix. 32, 158, [Goth. af-slaupjan thana fairnjan mannan to put off the old man: O. Sax. slópian to slip one's self from a bond: M. H. Ger. sloufen, ana-sloufen induere.] v. be-slépan; un-slíped, slípe-scðh, slúpan; and cf. slífan.
slípe-scóh a slip-shoe (Halliwell gives the word from a work dated 1615. Cf. slip-shod), a shoe easily slipped on, a slipper :-- Slýpescós soccus, Wrt. Voc. i. 289, 7. v. slípan; slífe-scóh.
slipig; adj. Slippy, slimy, viscid :-- Mid slipigre and þiccere wǽtan, Lchdm. ii. 280, 4. Ða þiccan and ða slipigan (slipinga, MS. ) wǽtan on ðam magan and ðæt þicce slipige horh ðú scealt mid ðám lǽcedómum wyrman and þynnian, 194, 29-22. Wǽtan þicce and slipegran, 178, 15. Of þiccum wǽtum slipegrum . . . Wið slipegrum wǽtum ðæs miltes, 246, 17. [M. H. Ger. slipfic.] v. next word.
slipor; adj. I. slippery, not easy to hold, moving easily :-- Deófol næddre ys slipor ðæs gif heáfde ná byþ wiðstanden eall on innemystum heortan ðænne ná byþ ongyten byþ ásliden diabolus serpens est lubricus, cuius si capiti non resistitur, totus in interna cordis, dum non sentitur, inlabitur, Scint. 210, 9. II. slipping easily, easily moved :-- Ym-hídignyssa ofþriccaþ ðæt mód, and unlustas tólýsaþ; þwyrlice þing ðe heora hláfordas dóþ geswencte fram carum, and slipere þurh unstæððig-nysse, Homl. Th. ii. 92, 16. III. foul :-- Fúl ne sý oððe slipor nec feda sit nec lubrica. Hymn. Surt. 5, 9. Ǽlc þing slipores ɫ fúles omne lubricum, 30, 9. Bedǽled andgite sliporum ɫ fúlum excita sensu lubrico, 3, 17. Gilt sliporne ɫ fúlne culpam lubricant, 15, 38. Ne tunge leás ne eágan syngian slipere ne lingua mendax occulive peccent lubrici, 24, 27. [Sliper lubricum, Ps. 34, 6. Nares gives several instances of slipper in sixteenth century, and Shskspere uses the form: A slipper and a subtle knave, Oth. ii. 1. O. H. Ger. slefar, Grff. vi. 506: M. H. Ger. slepfer.] Cf. slifor; slǽpe, slípan (?).
sliporness, e; f. Foulness :-- Beón út ánýdde slipornesse sint pulsa lubrica, Hymn. Surt. 36, 16.
slip-ræsn a sliding beam (?) :-- Slypræsn ferna, Wrt. Voc. ii. 147, 75.
slipung (?), e; f. Viscidity :-- Wið slipunge (slipigre ? the text has slipegrum wǽtum. v. slipig) wǽtan ðæs miltes, Lchdm. ii. 166, 24.
slítan; p. slát, pl. sliton; pp. sliten. To slit, tear, rend. I. in the following glosses :-- Sclát carpebat, Wrt. Voc. ii. 103, 51. Bítende and slítende mordax, 57, 52. Slítende mordens, Kent. Gl. 580: corrumpens, Hpt. Gl. 454, 68. Ic beó sliten carpor, Wrt. Voc. ii. 21, 40. Wǽran slitene carpebantur, 22, 22. II. to tear a garment, rend :-- Ðæra sacerda ealdor slát (scidit) hys ágyn reáf, Mt. Kmbl. 26, 65. Ne slíte wé hý non scindamus eam, Jn. Skt. 19, 24. Se heáhsacerd his reáf slítende. Mk. Skt. 14, 63. III. to tear, split, rend, cleave, divide :-- Hé slát sǽinterrupit mare, Ps. Spl. 77, 16. Hé slát stán interrupit petram, 77, 18. IV. to tear, rend, as an animal does with the teeth or feet, a bird with its beak, etc. v. slite II. slítung :-- Fótum ic fére, foldan slíte, Exon. Th. 393, 17; Rü 13, 1. Hrefn hine slíteþ, 329, 20; Vy. 37. Hine se wulf slíteþ, 342, 27; Gn. Ex. 148. Hé (the evil spirit) bítes and slítes hine, Mk. Skt. Rush. 9, 18. Heora heortan wyrmas ceorf-aþ and slítaþ, Dóm. L. 12, 168: 14, 210: Exon. 497, 5; Ra. 85, 24. Hé (Grendel) slǽpendne rinc slát. Beo. Th. 1487; B. 741. Ða wyrmas mid ðæm scillum gelíce mid ðé múþe eorþan sliton and tǽron oribus scamisque humum atterentes, Nar. 14, 12. Gif hund slíte, Lchdm. ii. 92, 10. Hié (lions and bears) noldon slítan hý (St. Tecla), Shrn. 133, 10. Gesáwon fuglas slítan, Cd. Th. 126, 1; Gen. 2088, Ðé sculon moldwyrmas slítan, Soul Kmbl. 145; Seel. 73. Hió (the lioness) onginþ racentan slítan (cf. brecan, Bt. 25; Fox 88, 13), Met. 13, 29. Se unclǽna gást hine slitende (discerpens). Mk. Skt. 1. 26. Slítende wulfas ravening wolves. Blickl. Homl. 63, 10. Slítendum ɫ terendum tóþreómum rabidis (voracious) gingivis. Hpt. Gl. 423, 42. IV a. fig. applied to inanimate subjects :-- Nú slít mé hunger and þurst, Cd. Th. 50, 2; Gen. 302. Hungor innan slát merewérges mód, Exon. Th. 306, 22; Seef., 11. Hí beóþ mec slítende (of the waves tearing at an anchor), 398, 11; Ra. 17, 6, V. to tear, bite (of pungent things, cf. slitol), irritate (of physical or mental irritation) :-- Slíto (suto, Wrt., cf. slítung) lacesso, Wrt. Voc. ii. 112, 29. Slíteþ lacessat, 95, 32. Ðæt wín slít ða wunda per vinum mordentur vulnera, Past. 17, 10; Swt. 125, 9. Sliten oððe gremeden lacessant. Wrt. Voc. ii. 52, 54. Of yfelre wǽtan slítendre, Lchdm. ii. 4, 30. Of yfelum wǽtan slítendum and sceorfendum, 60, 21. VI. to tear (fig. ), to destroy, waste, consume, v. slítendlíc, slítere, slítness II :-- Nán cræft nis Gode deórwyrðra ðonne sió lufu ne eft ðæm deófle nan cræft leóítǽlra ðonne hié mon slíte nihil pretiosius est Deo virtute dilectionis, nil est desiderabilius diabolo extinctione caritatis, Past. 47, 2; Swt. 359, 24. Tó slítenne (breccanne, Rush.) ae solvere legem. Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 5, 17. VII. to carp at, back-bite, v. bæc-slitol :-- Æt ǽrestum lyst ðone monn nnnyt sprecan be óðrum monnum & ðonne æfter firste hine lyst tǽlan and slítan ðara líf bútan scylde ut prius loqui aliena libeat, postmodnm detractionibus eorum vitam mordeat, Past. 38, 7 j Swt. 279, 7. VIII. to tear (intrans.) :-- Godwebba cyst (the veil of the temple) eall forbærst . . . ðæs temples segl . ., sylf slát on tú, swylce hit seaxes ecg þurhwóde, Exon. Th. 70, 19; Cri. 1141. [Prompt. Paru. slytyh attero: O. Sax. slítan to tear, split: O. Frs. slíta to tear, break : O. H. Ger. slízan scin-dere, lacerare, laniare, lacessere, saevire, delere : Icel. slíta to slit, tear, break.] v. á-, be-, for-, ge-, of-, tó-slítan; wæl-slítende, sliten, un-sliten.
slit-owealm. death by the tearing of animals: -- Neát ðe slitcwealm begéte animalia quae lacerationem mortiferam nacta sunt, L. Ecg. C. 40; Th. ii. 166, 24.
slite, es; m. I. a slit, tear, rent in cloth, etc. :-- Se slite byþ wyrsa pejor scissura fit, Mt. Kmbl. 9, 16: Mk. Skt. 2, 21. II. a rent, tear . made by an animal, a bite. v. slítan, IV :-- Wið hundes slite, Lchdm. i. 148, 7. Ices slite oððe hundes, ii. 86, 2. Be hundes slite. Gif hund mon tóslíte oððe ábíte, L. Alf. pol. 23; Th. i. 78, 1. Wið nædran slite, Lchdm. ii. 10, 21. Wyrma slite, Exon. Th. 77, 4; Cri. 1251. Slita morsuum. Germ. 392, 30. III. a coil of a snake (?) :-- Nædre sprotum slitas (?) lices clyniende vipera sarmentis laqueos corporis inplicans, Germ. 401, 24. IV. a breach, infraction of a law. v. lah-slit. [O. H. Ger. sliz : Ger. schlisz; m. : cf. Icel. slit; n.] v. folc-, lah-, wyrm-slite.
slite, an (?); f. A plant name, cyclamen, sowbread :-- Slite. Ðeós wyrt ðe man orbicularis and óðrum naman slite nemneþ, Lchdm. i. 110, 11. Slite cyclaminos, iii. 301, col. 2 : cyclamen, Wrt. Voc. i. 67, 53; ciclamina, ii. 131, 37.
sliten schismatic, heretic :-- Slitenum haereticis, Mt. Kmbl. p. 10, 9. Lye gives sliterum (slitenum ?) sagum haereticis fabulis, Josc. (?). v. slítan.
slítend-líc; adj. Consuming, devouring, wasting, v. slítan, VI :-- Slítendlícum lurconibus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 52, 71.
slitenness (?), e; f. Tearing, laceration :-- Sliten[nesse] morsum, lacerationem, Hpt. Gl. 490, 62.
slítere, es; m. I. a waster, destroyer :-- ' Hwæt is seó ungesǽlige sáwel?' Ð á sǽde hé him. ðæt hé wǽre cyrican slítere, Wulfst. 235, 24. II. a consumer of food, a glutton :-- Slíteras lurcones, Wrt. Voc. ii. 52, 26. v. slítan, VI.
slíþan to harm, hurt, damage, destroy :-- Heoro slíþendne, Exon. Th. 6, 10; Gn. Ex. 202. [Cf. Goth. gasleithjan to injure.] v. next word.
slíþe; adj. Dire, hard, cruel, hurtful, dangerous :-- Biþ ceóle wén slíþre sæcce the ship may expect dire strife, Exon. Th. 384, 17; Ra. 4, 29. On ða slíþan tíd (the crucifixion), Elen. Kmbl. 1710; El. 857. þurh slíbne níþ sáwle bescúfan in fýres fæþm. Beo. Th. 370; B. 184. Hé níþa gehwane genesen hæfde, slíþra geslyhta, 4787; B. 2398. [Goth. sleithis dangerous, perilous, fierce : O. Sax. slíði dangerous, destructive, cruel : cf. O. H. Ger. slídic, saevus, malus : Icel. slíðr fearful, dire; sliðr-hugaðr atrocious; slíðr-liga savagely.] v. slíþen.
slíþe; adv. Cruelly :-- Bearn ðara ðe ofslegene slíþe wǽran filios in-teremtorum. Ps. Th. 101, 18.
slíþe (?); adj. Formed, moulded; fictus. I. graven (of images) :-- Ealle ðe gebiddaþ ða slíþan omnes qui adorant sculptilia. Ps. Spl. T. 96, 7. Hí offrodon ðæ sliððæn sacrificaverunt sculptilibus, 105, 35. II. feigned, false :-- Hé oncneów slíþe mód úre cognovit figmentum (taken by the translator =fictam menlemt) nostrum. Ps. Spl. T. 102, 13. v. slíþness, and next word.
slíþelíc; adj. Graven :-- Gebǽdon ða slíþelecæn adoraverunt sculplile, Ps. Spl. T. 105, 19.
slíþen; adj. Cruel, hard, evil :-- Slíden infastum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 111, 66. Ðú wéndest ðæt ðiós slíþne wyrd ðás worulde wende bútan Godes þeahte, Bt. 5, 3; Fox 14, 4. Fin eft begeát sweordbealo slíþen dire harm from the sword overwhelmed Fin. Beo. Th. 2298; B. 1147. Hú slíþen biþ sorg tó geferan how cruel is care as a comrade, Exon. Th. 288, 12; Wand. 39. He him feorgbona þurh slíþen searo weorþeþ a destroyer of life through cruel craft to him he becomes, 362, 25; Wal. 42. On ða slíþnan tíd at that dread hour (of death), 161, 27; 06. 965. In ða slíþnan tíd in the evil days of the present life, 316, 22; Mód. 52.
slíþ-heard; adj. Excessively hard. I. of living things, very fierce, savage :-- Slíþherde deór (the boar and the bear), Exon. Th. 344, 22; Gn. Ex. 177. II. of inanimate things, very hard, cruel :-- Mé habbaþ hringa gespong slíþhearda sál síþes ámyrred the cruel chain has hindered me from going, Cd. Th. 24, 15; Gen. 378.
slíþness, e; f. A formation (?), a graven image :-- Hí þeówedon slíþ. nesse servierunt sculptilibus, Ps. Spl. T. 105, 33. v. slíþe (?).
slítness (slit- ?), e; f. I. a tearing, rending, laceration, v. slítan, IV :-- Ða slítnysse gedígean a laceratione (by wolves or dogs) convalescere, L. Ecg. C. 40; Th. ii. 166, 25. II. a wasting, destroying, desolation, v. slítan, VI :-- Slítnese desolationis, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 24, 15. v. from-, tó-slítness.
slitol; adj. I. pungent, biting, v. slítan. V :-- Slitul léc mordax allium, Germ. 394, 260. II. carping, backbiting, v. bæc-slitol, slítan, VII.
slítung, e; f. I. tearing, rending, biting, v. slítan, IV :-- Slítinc ɫ geter dilaceratio. Hpt. Gl. 499, 21. Fugelas hig fretaþ mid ðære biterustan slítunge devorabunt eos aves morsu amarissimo, Dent. 32, 24, Sume men fram ðara wyrma slítunge sweltaþ, Lchdm. ii. 176, 14. II. wasting, spoiling, v. slítan, VI :-- Slítunge arpagine (or under I ?), Wrt. Voc. ii. 5, 38: 87, 72 (Wright has sutunge). [Prompt. Parv. slytynge consumpcio: O. H. Ger. slízunga saevitia.]
slíw, sleów, sliú, slí, es; m. The name of a fish, a tench or a mullet :-- Slíw tinca, Wrt. Voc. i. 55, 73: tinctus, 281, 52. Sliú tincus, 66, 1. . Sleów mugilis, ii. 57, 75. Slí tincti, Txts. 101, 2020. Slii, 116, 221. [O. H. Ger. slío; m. tinca, tincus: Ger. schleie a tench.]
slóh, slóg; gen. slóges, slós; dat. slóh, sló; acc. slóg, slóh, sló; m. n. A slough, hollow place filed with mire, a pathless, miry place :-- -Slóh devium, orwegnes devia, s. loca secreta, quasi invia, sine via, Wrt. Voc. ii. 139, 53-56. Tó ðam ealdan sló; of ðam sló tó ðam lytlan beorhe. Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 38, 27. In reádan slóe, 391, 31. On ðæt reáde slóh; of ðam slóh, 376, 5. On ðæt fúle slóh; of ðam sló, 406, 32. In ðone fúlan sló, 381, 5. On horgan slóh, Cod. Dip. B. ii. 394, 30. On reádan slóh, 398, 38. Ðæt hors sum slóg on ðam wege oferhleóp equus quoddam itineris concavum transiliret, Bd. 5, 6; S. 619, 17. Ðeáh se man nime ǽnne stán and lecge on fúl slóh. Wulfst. 239, 10. [Heo arist up of þe slo, O. and N. 1394. He hath also to do more than ynough To kepe him and his capel out of slough, Chauc. Mancip. Prol. 64. Skeat takes this to be a word borrowed from Celtic, v. Etym. Dict.]
slop a loose, upper garment. 'Slop a smock-frock; any kind of outer garment made of linen, ' Halliwell's Dict. [These cuttid sloppis or anslets, that thurgh her schortness ne covereth not the schamful membres of men. Chauc. Pers. T. Sloppe, garment mutatorium. Prompt. Parv. 460, col. 1. Icel. sloppr a gown, a loose garment, esp. a priest's gown.] v. ofer-slop, and cf. slípan, slype.
slota, an; m. A bit, morsel :-- Betere ys slota (cf. bite, Kent. Gl. 587) drýge mid blisse ðænne hús full mettum mid sace melior est bucella sicca cum gaudio quam domus plena victimis cum iurgio, Scint. 153, 12. [Lye gives sloca bucella, with a reference to Past. 47, an error probably for Scint. 47. If this were the form the word might be compared with' Ger. schlucken: but Halliwell gives slot a small piece.]
sluma, an; m. Slumber :-- Sleac mid sluman, Dóm. L. 240. Ðæt hine elne binóman slǽpa sluman oððe sǽne mod, Exon. Th. 122, 31; Gú. 314. [Upon a sloumbe, A. P. 97, 186. Cf. Laym. slumen to slumber.]
slúpan; p. sleáp; pl. slupon; pp. slopen To slip, glide :-- Sóna swá us seó sáwl of ðam líchaman slýpþ simul atque anima de corpore se subduxerit, L. Ecg. P. iv. 66; Th. ii. 226, 23. Gársecg wédde on sleáp (of the Red Sea coming upon the Egyptians], Cd. Th. 208, 28; Exod. 490. Hwílurn ic wæ-acute;gfatu wide tóþringe . . . hwílum læ-acute;te eft slúpan tósomne sometimes I (the storm) drive apart the clouds, sometimes make them again glide together, Exon. Th. 385, 3; Rä. 4, 39. [Goth. Thaiei sliupand in gardins they which creep into houses, 2 Tim. 3, 6. O. H. Ger. slinfan to slip, creep.] v. á-, tó-slúpan.
slúping, slýcod, slýf, slypa, slýpan. v. tó-slúping, slícian, slíf. slipa, slípan.
slype a garment, slip. [Slyp or skyrte lascinia, Prompt. Parv. 459, col. 2. Slip a child's pinafore; an outside covering, as a pillow- slip (= -case) : in earlier times, a sheath, Halliwell's Dict. Slip an upper petticoat, Jamieson.] v. ofer-slype, slop.
slyppe, an; f. A viscous, slimy substance :-- Wyrc slypan of wætere and of axsan, genim finol, wyl on ðære slyppan, Lchdm. iii. 38, 2. [Cf. slyp, slype, slypp limus. Prompt. Parv. 459, col. 2.] v. cú-, oxan-slyppe, and slipa.
smacian; p. ode To smack, pat, caress :-- Ic smacige demulceo. Hpt. Gl. 476, 72. [Cf. Du. smak a loud noise: Dan. smække to smack, slap: Swed. smacka.] v. ge-smacian.
smæc[c], es; m. Smack, taste, savour :-- Dulcis sapor swéte smæc, i. dulcis odor. Wrt. Voc. ii. 142, 6. Ðone swétan smæc nectar, 61, 31. Witt iss þurrh salltes smacc bitacnedd, Orm. 1653. Smech muðes & neoses smel, A. R. 276, 15. Smeorðrinde smoke smecche forcuðest, Marh. 9, 6. More he uynt smak in ane zonre epple þanne in ane huetene lhoue, Ayenb. 82, 21. Smak or taste gustus, Prompt. Parv. 460. O. Frs. smek[k] : O. H. Ger. smac (dat. smacche) gustus, sapor, v. hunig-smæc.
smæccan, smecgan; smæhte To taste :-- Ic smæcce (smæcge, MS. J. ) sapio, Ælfc. Gr. 28; Zup. 166, 6. [' Cum gustasset acetum noluit bibere; ' þet is, he smeihte þet bittre drunch & wiðdrouh him anon, A. R. 238, 21. Summe þinge þ-bar; me haueð ismeiht oðer smelled, 92, 4. Al þet ich abbe mid muþ ismaht, O. E. Homl. i. 189, 5. Unlouely þei smaujte, Piers P. 5, 363. O. Frs. smekka: O. H. Ger. smecchen sapere.] v. ge-smæccan, -smecgan, and preceding word.
smæl; adj. Small. I. in the following glosses :-- Smæl gracilis, smælre gracilior, ealra smælst gracillimus, Ælfc. Gr. 5; Zup. 16, 8. Smel, smael, smal, Txts. 67, 992. Smæl gracilis vel exilis vel subtilis, Wrt. Voc. i. 51, 18. Greát and smæl grossas el graciles, ii. 41, 68. II. small, little, not great :-- Smæl þistle carduus, Wrt. Voc. i. 66, 66. Smæl ǽl anguilla, 281, 69. Se Smala ciið . . . se greáta beám, Past. 33; Swt. 224, 3. Æt ǽlcon smalon orfe penig, L. Ff.; Th. i. 224, 22. Dó to smale netelan, Lchdm. ii. 68, 4. Smæle þearmas the small guts; ilia, Wrt. Voc. i. 44, 46. Ða gnættas and ða smalan wyrmas . . . ge þeós lyttle loppe, Bt. 16, 2; Fox 52, 11. Flǽsc smælra fugla. Lchdm. ii. 180, 13. Smealum bryt (brycum?) minutatim. Hpt. Gl. 443, 1. Hæfaþ seó læsse smæle (smale, MSS. H. B. ) leáf and gehwǽde . . . seó óðer hafaþ máran leáf and fǽtte. Lchdm. i. 264, 18. III. narrow, not broad :-- Hé sǽde ðæt Norðmanna land wǽre swýðe lang and swýðe smæl. . . ðæt býne land is eásteweard brádost, and symle swá norðor swá smælre . . . and norðeweard, hé cwæð, ðǽr hit smalost wǽre, ðæt hit mihte beón þreora míla brád tó ðæm móre, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 18, 24-33. Andlangan ðes smalan paðes, Cod. Dip. B. ii. 600, 9. IV. slender, thin, not thick :-- Swiora smæl a slender neck, Exon. Th. 486, 15; Rä. 72, 15. Him ne hangaþ nacod sweord ofer ðam heáfde be smalan þrǽde. Bt. 29, 1; Fox 102, 28. Wið ðam smalan wyrme for hair worm. Lchdm. ii. 122, 18. V. fine (of a powder, texture, etc. ), not coarse :-- Smæl hláf artocobus [artocopa (also -us) quaevis placenta, panis quidem dulciarius et arte confectus]. Wrt. Voc. ii. 10, 47. Tú hund greátes hláfes (coarse bread) and bridde smales (fine), Chart. Th. 158, 26. Swíðe lytle beóþ ða dropan ðæs smalan rénes, Past. 57; Swt. 437, 12. Cnuca tó swíðe smalan duste, Lchdm. i. 240, 4. Genim swýðe smæl dust, 240, 11. Smæl beren mela, ii. 86, 24. Asifte smale þurh smæl sife sift through a fine sieve, 94, 1: 72, 28. Hí smalo hrægel wefaþ and wyrceaþ texendis subtilioribus indumentis operam dant, Bd. 4, 25; S. 601, 16. Heortes hornes ðæs smælestan dustes, Lchdm. i. 334, 19. Gníd swíðe ðæt hit sý ðæt smælste, iii. 18, 15. VI. of the voice, not loud. v. smale, II. [Goth. smals: O. Sax. smal: O. Frs. smel: O. H. Ger. smal gracilis, exilis, subtilis, minutus, strictus: Icel. smár; cf. also small a sheep, small cattle.] v. ǽ.
smæll, es; m. A smack, blow with the open hand :-- Dynt ɫ smæll mid: honde uutearde alapam. Jn. Skt. Lind. 18, 22. [Cf. At þan uorme smællen Romanisce veollen, Laym. 27052. Icel. smellr a smacking or cracking sound: Dan. smæld a crack, smack: Swed. smäll.] v. hand-smæll, smellan.
smæl-þearmas, -þyrmas; pl. m. The small guts, intestines :-- Smæl-þearmas intestina, Wrt. Voc. i. 44, 44: inguina, ii. 44, 4 : jejuna, 49, 51. Wið smælþearma sáre. Lchdm. ii. 236, 18. Smælþearmum ilibus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 44, 1. Be wambe coþum and tácnum on roppe and on smæl-þearmum, Lchdm. ii. 230, 16. Hé clǽnsaþ ðone magan and ða smælþyrmas, i. 80, 21. [Icel. smá-); þarmar the small gut, also the lower abdomen.] v. next word.
smæl-þearme, es; n. The small gut, lower abdomen :-- Wyrð gegaderodu ómig wǽte on ðære wambe oððe on ðam smælþearme, Lchdm. ii. 318. 17. Síhþ innan ðone rop and on ðæt smælþearme, 232, 15: 246, 21. Ðá þýdde Æfner hine mid hindewerde sceafte on ðæt smælþearme percussit eum Abner aversa hasta in inguine, Past. 40, 5; Swt. 295, 18, v. preceding word.
smǽr[e?], es; m. A lip :-- Smǽras (? printed sinæres) labra, Hpt. Gl. 457. 39. Reádum smǽrum roseis labris, 481, 25. Smǽrum buccis, 422, 72. Smérum, Lchdm. i. lxx, 6. [Cf. For hire speche he smere loh, Laym. 14981. Tho he (the fox) wes inne, smere he lou. Rel. Ant. ii. 272, 23.] v. gál-smere (where read gál-smǽre), and next word.
smǽran (?); p. de To laugh at, deride :-- Gehlógun ɫ smérdon (be-smerdon ? cf. besmeradun in Rush. ) hine deridebant eum, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 9, 24. v. preceding word.
smǽte; adj. Refined, pure (of gold) :-- Smaete gold obrizum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 115, 11. Smǽte obrizum, 75, 72. Hié wurdan sóna tó ðam golde ðe man háteþ obritsum, ðæt is smǽte gold, Shrn. 32, 21. Smǽte gold ðæt in wylme biþ þurh ofnes fýr eall geclǽnsod, Elen. Kmbl. 2616; El. 1309. Beág on ðam siex hund wæs smǽtes goldes gescyred sceatta. Exon. Th. 324, 8; Vid. 91: Salm. Kmbl. 29; Sal. 15. On smǽtum in obrizum, Hpt. Gl. 449, 10. Hé hét smiðian of smǽtum golde áne lytle róde, Homl. Th. ii. 304, 16: Homl. Skt. i. 2, 113. [Kynehelm of smeate gold, Chr. 1070; Erl. 209, 7. Guldeue jerde alre gold smeatest, Marh. 11, 24.]
smǽte-gylden; adj. Of refined gold :-- Smǽtegyldne obridzum. Wrt. Voc. ii. 89, 25. Ða smǽtegyldenan clá þas auri obriza lammina, 2, 7.
smale, smæle; adv. I. finely (v. smæl, V) :-- Hundes tux gebærned and smale gegniden, Lchdm. i. 372, 1. Gegníd tó duste swý ðe smale, 196, 12: 198, 1, 15. Genim wæterhæfern gebærnedne and ðonne gegniden smale, ii. 44, 20. Genim swefl, gebeát swí ðe smale, 88, 17: i. 358, 9. Ásift smale þurh smæl sife, ii. 94, 1. Getrifula smale, 90, 27. Ðeáh ðú hié smale tódǽle swá dust, Bt. 13; Fox 38, 33. Ic hí tódǽlde swá smæle and swá swá dust beforan winde comminuam eos ut pulverem ante faciem venti, Ps. Th. 17, 40. Ðæs dustes smæle gecnucudes, Lchdm. i. 286, 2. Gegníd smæle on mortere, ii. 60, 1. Gebeát smæle, 88, 5. Gegníd tó duste swá ðú smalost mǽge, 108, 15. II. of the voice, not loudly :-- Ðæs cocces þeáw is ðæt hé micle hlúdor singþ on úhtan ðonne on dægréd ac ðonne hit neálǽcþ dæge ðonne singþ hé smælor and smicror gallus profundioribus horis noctis altos edere cantus solet; cum vero matutinum jam tempus in proximo est, minutas ac tenues voces format, Past. 63; Swt. 461, 3.
smalian; p. ode To become small, slender, etc. :-- Fram mettum smaligan to get slender by diet, Lchdm. ii. 282, 29. [Prompt. Parv. smalin minoro.] v. next word.
smalung, e; f. Diminishing, lessening :-- Lǽcedómas ða ðe þynnunge mægen habben and smalunge medecines that have the power of thinning and reducing, Lchdm. ii. 260, 23.
smeágan, smeán; p. smeáde; ppr. smeágende, smeánde; pp. smeád. I. in the following glosses :-- Ic smeáge scrutor, Ælfc. Gr. 25; Zup. 145, 3 : meditor. Wrt. Voc. i. 50, 3. Smeáþ investigabit, Kent. Gl. 652. Smeáde disputavit, Wrt. Voc. ii. 25, 61. Smegan investigare, ' Kent. Gl. 953. Tó smyágenne tractanda, 749. II. used absolutely, or with prepositions (be, on, ymbe), to consider, meditate, inquire, deliberate :-- Ic smégu meditabor, Ps. Surt. ii. p. 185, 3. Hé smeáþ on his móde ymb ðis eorþlíce líf. Bt. 39, 7; Fox 224, 4. Be ðam gé smeá geaþ de hoc quaeritis, Jn. Skt. 16, 19. Ða senatores dæghwamlíce smeádon on ánum sindrian búse embe ealles folces þearfe, Thw. p. 161, 33; Nicod. 19; Thw. 9, 10: Homl. Skt. i. 3, 44. Ðá big mid him smeádon dum secum quaererent, Lk. Skt. 24, 15. Smeá (smeáge, Lind. : smeoge, Rush. ) and geseoh diet . . . scrutare et vide quia, Jn. Skt. 7, 52. Ðeáh wé ofer úre mæ-acute;þ þencen and smeágean, Past. 16; Swt. 101, ii. Ic mid eallum mínum ealdormonnum wæs smeágende be ðære hæ-acute;lo úrra sáwla, L. In. prm.; Th. i. 102, 7. Smeágende ymbe heora sáwla áræ-acute;d, L. Edm. S. prm.; Th. i. 244, 5. Ymb his æ-acute;hé byþ smeágende in lege ejus meditabitur, Ps. Th. 1, 2. On eallum ðínum weorcum ic wæs smeágende, 76, 10. III. to consider, ponder, examine, inquire into, discuss, search, (l) with acc. :-- Ðenden ic Godes bebodu smeáge scrutabor mandata Dei, Ps. Th. 118, 115. Ne sécþ hé nánwuht, ne ne smeáþ, for ðam ðe hé hit wát eall. Bt. 42; Fox 258, 1. Hwí smeágaþ hí unnytt quare populi meditati sunt inania, Ps. Th. 2, Hwæt smeáde gé be wege quid in via tractabatis, Mk. Skt. 9, 33. Drihten, smeá míne geþohtas, Ps. Th. 25, 2. Smeágeaþ (smeás gié. Lind. : smeógas gé. Rush. ) hálige gewritu scrutamini scribturas, Jn. Skt. 5, 39. Ðæt hé his ágene dæ-acute;da georne smeáge, Blickl. Homl. 109, 12. Ðeáh wé fela smeán (smeágen, Cote. MS. ), wé habbaþ litellne gearowitan búton tweón. Bt. 41, 5; Fox 254, 9. Ðæt ic smeáde (meditarer) spræ-acute;ce ðíne, Ps. Spl. 118, 148. Ðú woldest míne láre srneágean, 22, 1; Fox 76, 25. Ic dé sende ðæt spell tó ræ-acute;danne and tó smeágeanne (ad legendum ac probandum). Bd. pref.; S. 471, 10. Com Mellitus tó Róme be ðám nýdþearflícum intingum Angelcyriceau and hé ða wæs smeágende mid ðone pápan venit Mellitus Romam de necessariis ecclesiae Anglorum cum papa tractaturus, 2, 4; S. 505, 30. Godes mæ-acute;rþa smeágende, H. R. 105, 8. Scmegende wes scrutata est, Ps. Surt. 118, 129. Smégende (smeánde, Ps. Spl. ), 118, 70. Biþ smeád meditabitur, 36, 30. (2) with a clause introduced by ðæt, hú, hwilc, hwæt, etc. :-- Smeádon men oft, and gyt gelóme smeágaþ, hú se hláf máge beón áwend. Homl. Th. ii. 268, 7 : L. Ed. 4; Th. i. 162, 1. Ic smeáde mid mínra witena geþeahte, hú ic mæhte cristendómes mæ-acute;st áræ-acute;ran, L. Edm. S. prm.; Th. i. 246, 19. Hé sóhte and smeáde (trac-tavit), hwæt tó dónne wæ-acute;re. Bd. 2, 5; S. 507, 29: Elen. Kmbl. 826; EK 413. Maria smeáde and þohte, hwæt seó hálettung wæ-acute;re. Blickl. Homl. 7, 16. Smeáge man geornlíce, hwæðer hit sóþ sí, Deut. 19, 18. Hí águnnon smeágan, hwilc of him ðæt tó dónne wæ-acute;re, Lk. Skt. 22, 23. Dauid ongan smeágan and þencan, hwilce ðæs gódan mannes dæ-acute;da wæ-acute;ron, Blickl. Homl. 55, 12. Ðonne mót man smeágan and geornlíce spyrian hwár ða mánfullan vununge habban, L. Eth. ix. 40; Th. i. 348, 26. Mid wæccere móde is tó smeágeanne and tó geþencenue (pensandum est), ðæt Drihten bebeád, dæt hí heora hrægel clæ-acute;nsodon. Bd. 1, 27; S. 496, 3. Ús is tó smeágenne, ðæt Drihten on ðære costunge nolde his ða myclan miht gecýþan, Blickl. Homl. 33, 17. III a. to seek an opportunity :-- Ðá smeáde he ðæt hé hine gesáwe querebat videre eum. Lk. Skt. 9, 9. Hé smeáde geornlíce ðæt hé hyne wolde belæ-acute;wan quaerebat opportunita-tem ut eum traderet, Mt. Kmbl. 26, 16. IV. to accept as the result of inquiry, to suppose :-- Be ðisum þingum ne cunne wé smeágean nán óðer þing búton hít sig on Godes dóme gelang de his rebus nihil aliud conjicere possumus, nisi quod adjudicium Dei pertineat, L. Ecg. P. i. 13; Th. ii. 178, 16. v. á-, fore-, tó-, þurh-smeágan; smeán and cpds. with smeá-; cf. smúgan.
smeágelegen, e; f. A syllogism :-- Smeágelegena syllogismos, Hpt. Gl. 503, 57. Cf. riht-smeáung, and preceding word.
smeágend-líc; adj. Meditative :-- Smeágendlíc meditativa, Ælfc. Gr. 34; Zup. 211, 6.
smeágung, smeáwung, smeáung, sméung, smeáng, e; f. I. search, inquiry, investigation where something is lost :-- On swylcere smeágunge (the search for stolen cattle), L. Edg. S. 12; Th. i. 276, 21. Habban ðás ylcan smeágunge on minum cucum orfe and on mínra þegena, 13; Th. i. 276, 24: 14; Th. i. 276, 32. II. inquiry carried on by the mind, inquiry, consideration, meditation, discussion, deliberation :-- Smeágung studium. Wrt. Voc. i. 51, 27. Sió smeáung and sió gesceádwísnes ratiocinatio, Bt. 39, 8; Fox 224, 4. Smeáung (Ps. Surt. smeáng) meditatio, Ps. Spl. 118, 24, 97, 99. Smeágunge scrutinio, 63, 6. On smeáwunge and on leornunge háligra gewrita meditationi scripiurarum, Bd. 4, 3; S. 567, 29. Smeáunge, 1, 1; S. 474, 5: Past. ii; Swt. 67, 5. Smeánge, Ps. Surt. 38, 4. Hí hæfdon On ðam gemóte micle smeáunge and geþeaht hwæt him tó dónne wǽre illi tractatum magnum in concilio quid esset agendum habere coeperunt, Bd. 3. 5; S. 527, 26. Ðá geseah se árleása áídlian his smeágunge then the impious king saw all his deliberation was of no avail, Homl. Skt. i. 4, 399. Smeáunga yfle cogitationes malae, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 15, 19. Smeáwunga, 9, 4. Smeáwungas (smeóunge, Rush. ), Lk. Skt. Lind. 11, 17. Smeáungas (sméunges, Rush.), 2, 35. v. á-, ofer-, riht-, scearp-smeágung, -smeáung.
smeáh, smeóh; adj. I. creeping in, penetrating :-- Wið smeógan wyrme, Lchdm. iii. 10, 17. v. smea-wyrm. II. subtle, crafty. [Ðe man is jiep tojenes him seluen; þat is smegh oðer man to bicharren and to biswiken, O. E. Homl. ii. 195, 5. Cf. Two þing ben in þe manne, on his þat clene kinde þat God haueþ þeron broht þureh his smehnesse (wisdom, skill), 205, 19. Smeihliche bicharede, 71, 28. Cf. Icel. í-smeygiligr insinuating.] See smeá-wrenc and other compounds with smeá-, and smeágan, ge-smeáh.
smeá-líc; adj. I. searching, penetrating (of inquiry, trial, etc. ) :-- Hwæt is sió þyrelung ð æs wǽges búton scearplícu and smeálícu fandung ðæs módes ðæt mon mid ðære . . . onlúce ða heardan heortan quid est parietem fodere, nisi acutis inquisitionibus duritiam cordis aperire ? Past. 21, 3; Swt. 155, 1. II. that goes to the root or heart of a matter, profound :-- Hú ðú mé hæfst áfréfrodne ǽgðer ge mid ðínre smealícan sprǽce ge mid ðære wynsumnesse ðínes sanges quantum me vel senten-tiarum pondere vel canendi jucunditate refovisti, Bt. 22, 1; Fox 76, 10: tit.; Fox xiv, 6. III. exquisite, choice (?) :-- Smeálícran exquisitiores, Wrt. Voc. ii. 145, 15.
smeálíce; adv. I. of inquiry, investigation, etc., searchingly, carefully, narrowly, closely :-- Hí smeálíce sóhtan perquirentes subtilius, Bd. 3, 10; S. 5. 34, 37. Hí smeálíce sóhton ðone behíddan mete, Ælfc. T. Grn. 21, 12. Hit is smeálíce and geornlíce tó séceanne subtiliter perscrutanda. Past. 21, 1; Swt. 150, 11. Wé sculon swíðe smeálíce ðissa ágðer underþencean hoc in utrisque est subtiliter intuendum, 7, 1; Swt. 49, 23. Gesceád ða wé smeálíce geþencan sculan discretio, quae subtiliter pensari debeat, Bd. 1, 27; S. 496, 35. Smeálícor, Past. 11, 2; Swt. 67, 6. II. of reasoning, thinking, etc., closely, deeply, acutely, with penetration :-- Hé ongann smeálíce þencan on his módes ingeþance velut in augustam suae mentis sedem recepta, Bt. 24, 1; Fox 80, 5. Mé þincþ ðæt wit mǽgen smeálícor sprecan and diógolran wordum validioribus rationihis utendum puto, 13; Fox 36, 32 : 13, tit.; Fox xii, 16. Ðonne ic ymbe swelc smeálícost þence when I think most deeply about such a matter, 10; Fox 26, 29. III. of knowing, seeing, etc., clearly, accurately, exactly :-- Ða ðe meahton smeálíce and scearplice mid hiera and-gite ryht geseón qui videre recta subtiliter per ingenium poterant, Past. 11, 4; Swt. 69, 5. Ðeáh se láreów ðis eall smeálíce and openlíce gecýðe cuncta haec licet subtiliter rector insinuet, 21, 6; Swt. 163, 18. Se ðe wile geornlíce ðone Godes cwide singan sóðlíce (smeálíce, MS. B.), Salm. Kmbl. 171; Sal. 85. IV. closely :-- Án cliwen suíðe nearwe and suíðe smeálíce gefealden, Past. 35; Swt. 241, 24. v. smeáh.
smeá-mete, es; pl. -mettas; m. A delicacy :-- On ðás tíd (Lent) sceal beón forhæfednes gehwylcra smeametta, L. E. I. 40; Th. ii. 438, 9. Disc mid cynelícum mettum (smeámettum, MS. B. ) gefylled discus, re-galibus epulis refertus. Bd. 3, 6; S. 528, 15.
smearcian, smercian; p. ode To smirk, smile :-- Ic smercige subrideo, Ælfc. Gr. 47; Zup. 268, 8. Ðonne ðú smercodest and hlóge, ðonne weóp ic biterlíce, Wulfst. 140, 28. Ðá smearcode he. Bt. 34, 10; Fox 148, 17. Smercode (smearcode, Cote. MS. ), 34, 12; Fox 154, 8: 35, 4; Fox 160, 31: 40, 2; Fox 236, 22. Smercode, Blickl. Homl. 189, 4: Homl. Skt; i. 14, 126: Ap. Th. 19, 23. Ða ongan hé smearcian, Bt. 39, 4; Fox 216, 14. Smercigende subridendo, Scint. 172, 17. Gúþlác tó smerciende féng Guthlac received it smiling, Guthl. ii; Gdwin. 56, 6. Mid smercigendum múþe, Homl. Th. i. 430, 34.
smeart; adj. Smart, painful :-- Ic wylle swingan eów mid ðam smeartestum swipum, ðæt is, ðæt ic wítnige eów mid ðam wyrstan wíte, Wulfst. 295, 10. [Gif þi sulf one smerte discepline & drauh þet swete likunge into smeortunge, A. R. 294, 12. Stede and twei sporen and ane smearte ʒerd, O. E. Homl. i. 243, 23. Mid smerte smiten of smale longe ʒerden, ii. 207, 6. Me him smæt mid smærte ʒerden, Laym. 20318. If men smot it with a yerde smerte (adv.), Chauc. Prol. 149.] v. smeortan.
smeáþ, e; f. Meditation :--Ǽ ðín smeáþ (meditotio) mín is, Ps. Spl. 118, 77. Cf. smeágung.
smeáþanclíce; adu. Exactly, at large; subtiliter :--Swá wé hér bufan stneáþanclíce áwriten habbaþ, Anglia viii. 309, 22.
smeá-þancol; adj. Acute, subtle :--Mid smeáþancelre trahtnunge tenaci memoriae textu, Hpt. Gl. 410, 64.
smeáþancol-líc; adj. Subtle, crafty :--Smeáþancollíce wriþan ɫ cnottan cræftelícnm sertaque mystica dactylico, Germ. 389, 28.
smeáþancollíce; adv. Exactly, in a searching manner, thoroughly; subtiliter :--Smeáþancelíce subtiliter, eleganter. Hpt. Gl. 431, 49. Hí smeádon swíðe smeáþancollíce ymbe ðæt éce líf they went into the question of eternal life in the most searching manner, Homl. Skt. i. 3, 44. Hé hí gewissode swíðe smeaþancellíce ymbe ðæs mynstres gebytlungum he gave them most exact directions about the buildings of the monastery, Homl. Th. ii. 172, 16. Hé lǽrþ manna mód mid godcundre láre smeáþancellíce, i. 412, 32.
smeáþancolness, e; f. Exactness, strictness :--Ðeáh wé witon hú fela gód oððe hú micele wé gefremodon nyte wé ðeáh mid hwylcere smeáþancelnysse se upplíca Déma ða áfandaþ. Homl. Th. ii. 80, 34.
smeá-wrenc, es; m. A crafty device, sharp trick :--Hé begeat mid his sméhwrencan and mid his golde and seolfre eall dyrnunga, ðæt him gewearð se þridda pænig of ðære tolne on Sandwíc, Chart. Th. 339, 8. v. smeáh.
smeá-wyrhta, an; m. A skilled workman, an artisan :--Gif hé smeáwyrhtan hæfþ ðám hé sceal tó tólan fylstan, Anglia ix. 263, 16.
smea-wyrm, es; m. A penetrating worm, worm that makes its way into the flesh :--Wið smeáwyrme (cf. wið srnégea-wyrrne, 302, 12) srniring ... seó sealf ðone wyrm deádne gedéþ oððe cwicne of drífþ, Lchdm. ii. 332, 3-26. Wið sméga-wyrme, 126, 1. Wii]smoega-wyrmum, 12, 14. v. smeáh.
sméc, smécan, smecgan. v. smíc, smícan, smæccan.
smedema, smeodema, smidema, smedma, an; m. Fine flour, meal :--Smeoduma polenta. Wrt. Voc. ii. 117, 51. Melewes smedma simila, 83, 65. Smedma of melwe pollis, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 28; Zup. 55, 15. Smedma simila vel pollis, Wrt. Voc. i. 41, 24. Hwǽtes smedma, Lchdm. ii. 108, 10. Gecned þrí sestras smedeman (similae). Gen. 18, 6 : Ex. 29, 40. Smdeman, Lev. 2, 2. Genim smedman six yntsena gewihte. Lchdm. i. 150, 17. Mid hwǽtes smedeman with the fat of kidneys of wheat (A. V.); cum medulla tritici: cf. óþ smedeman ad medullam. Hpt. Gl. 410, 28. Ða hláfas wǽron berene. Bere is swíðe earfoþe tó gearcigenne, and ðeáhhwæðere fét ðone mann, ðonne hé gearo biþ. Swá wæs seó ealde ǽ swíðe earfoþe tó understandenne, ac ðeáhhwæðere ðonne wé cumaþ tó ðam smedman, ðæt is tó ðære getácnunge, ðonne gereordaþ heó fire mód, Homl. Th. i. 188, 7. Genim ácrinde, wire tó smedman, Lchdm. ii. 132, 19. Of mealtes smedman geworht, 332, 20. Genim hwǽtenes meluwes smedman, 134, 4. v. hwǽte-smedeme (read -a; m.).
smedemen, smedmen; adj. Of fine flour :--Smedmen hláf similagineus panis, Scint. 154, 1.
sméga-wyrm-Tn, sméh-wrenc. v. smeá-wyrm, -wrenc.
smellan (?); p. smeall To crack, make a noise. [Mod. Icel. smella; p. small to crack as a whip.] v. smilian, smæll.
smelt, smylt, es; m. A smelt :--Smelt sardina. Wrt. Voc. i. 281, 71. Smylt sartate, 66, 7. Smeltas sardas, ii. 119, 63.
smelt (?). v. dolh-smeltas; smelte serene, v. smylte.
smelting, smilting, e; f. Amber :--Smelting electrum, Wrt. Voc. i. 38, 31. Smilting, 34, 66. Smyltinc, 85, 14. Anlícnyssa gyldena and sylfrena, sume of smyltinga, sume of crystallan, Homl. Skt. i. 4, 165. [Smutting, Wrt. Voc. i. 94, 61. Gf, O. H. Ger. smelzi electrum, smelzida electrum : Icel. smeltr enamelled.]
smeócan; p. smeác, pl. smucon; pp. smocen. I. intrans. To smoke, emit smoke :-- Smeógoþ fumigant, Ps. Spl. 103, 33. Muntas smeócaþ montes fumigabunt, 143, 6 : Wülck. Gl. 244, 35. Eall Sinai munt smeác (fumabat,) Ex. 19, 18. Smeóce fumet, Germ. 393, 187. Heortes mearh gebærned óþ ðæt hyf smeóce, Lchdm. i. 338, 13. Eall folc gesáwon ðone munt smeócan, Ex. 20, 18 : Engl. Stud. ix. 40. Smeócende (smécende, Lind.: smíkende, Rush. ) flex linum fumigans, Mt. Kmbl. 12, 20. II. trans. To smoke, fumigate :--Smeóc ðone man mid gáte hæ-acute;rum, Lchdm. i. 352, 1. Smeóce mid hæ-acute;þe, 354, 23. Heortes hæ-acute;r beóþ swíðe, góde mid tó smeócanne, 338, 4. [Prompt. -Parv. smeky&n-long; fumo, fumigo.] v. smícan, smocian, smíc.
smeodoma, srneóh, smeolt. v. smedema, smeah, smolt.
smeortan; p. smeart, pl. smurton; pp. smorten To smart :--Gnættas cómon mid fýrsmeortendum bitum ignitos ciniphes, Ors. l, 7; Swt. 36, 30. [Þenne akeþ his heorte and smerteð, O. E. Homl. ii. 207, 21. Hire ne oc, ne ne smeart, 21, 27. Ðenne wile his heorte aken and smerten, 207, 34. Me iveleð hit bitterliche smeorten, A. R. 238, 29. Smertyn̄ uro, Prompt. Parv. 460. O. H. Ger. smerzan; p. smarz dolere.]
smeoru, smeru (o, a), wes; n. Fat, grease, suet, tallow. I. in the following glosses :--Smeoru unguentum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 124, 9. Unsilt smeoro saevo, 119, 45. Smero sevo (in a list 'de igne'), i. 284, 27. Unámaelte smeoruwe pice, saevo, ii. 117, 28. Smerwe sevo, 80, 45. Smeruwe, Hpt. Gl. 503, 18. Smerewe arvina, 471, 4. II. in the following passages :--Wið útsihte, hunig and unsylt smeoru and wex, Lchdm. iii. 18, 5. Heortes smeoro (smeru, smero), i. 338, 15 : 354, 4. Sceápes smern, ii. 66, 7. Foxes smero, iii. 2, 25. Heorotes smera oððe gáte oððe góse, 68, 26 : 80, 18. Ðæt smeru wand út, Jud. 3, 22. Smeoruwes, Ps. Th. 62, 5. Beran smeruwes (smerwes, MS. B.), Lchdm. i. 216, 15. Mid gáte smeorwe (smerwe, MS. B. ), 354, 1. Mid smeorwe adipe, Ps. Surt. 62, 6. Of swínes smerwe. Lchdm. ii. 66, 7. Ofer smere (unguento), Rtl. 115, 34. Cnucige wið eald smeoru (smera, MS. B. : smeru, MS. O.), Lchdm. i. 74, 21 : 86, 7. Genim heortes smeoruw (smeruw, MS. H. : smeru, MS. B.). Genim góse smero, 76, 9. Sceápen smera, ii. 128, 16 : 148, 20. Eal ðæt smeru hig forbærndon, Lev. 8, 25. [Smeredd & sallfedd þurrh nan eorþli&yogh; smere, Orm. 13244, O. H. Ger. smero adeps, arvina, unctura : Icel. smjör grease, fat, butter.] v. flot-, heorot-smeoru.
smeoru-mangestre, an; f. A butter-woman, woman who deals in butter and cheese :--Smeremangestre, que mangonant in caseo et butiro, L. Eth. iv. 2; Th. i. 301, 5.
smeoru-sealf, e; f. A grease-salve :--Gif ðú wǽtan dést tó oððe smerusealfe, ne meaht ðú hit gelácnian, Lchdm. ii. 148, 23.
smeoru-þearm, es; m. An entrail :--Smeruþearm extale, Wrt. Voc. ii. 145, 29. Smæreþerm julium (in a list 'de stiibus'), i. 286, 61.
smeoruwig; adj. Fatty, greasy, unctuous :--Eal ða wǽtan þing and ða smerewigan sint tó forbeódanne, Lchdm. ii. 210, 27. [Icel. smjörugr greasy.] v. un-smepruwig.
smeoru-wyrt, e; f. Smer-wort. 'Aristolochia rotunda, in allusion to its use in ointments.' E. D. S. Plant Names. Halliwell gives 'smereworth the round birthwort, or the herb mercury'. It is found in the following glosses :--Smeoruwyrt veneria, Wrt. Voc. ii. 123, 33. Smerowyrt nom (nap?) silvatica, 62, 39. Smerewyrt anstolochia, i. 67, 17 : Lchdm. iii. 300, col. 1. It occurs also in the Leechdorns :--Smerowyrt. Ðeós wyrt ðe man aristolochiam and óðrum naman smerowyrt nemneþ, Lchdm. i. 114, 9-11. Smeruwyrt, ii. 338, 13. Smerewyrt, 128, 15.
smér[e], smera, smercian, smcreness, smerewig, smerian, smering, smeru, smerwan. v. smǽr[e], smeoru, smearcian, smireness, smeoruwig, smirwan, smiring, smeoru, smirwan.
sméðan; p. de To make smooth, to soothe :--Him is tó sellanne ðæt ðone innoþ stille and sméðe, Lchdm. ii. 210, 20. v. ge-sméðan, sméðian.
sméðe; adj. Smooth, I. in glosses :--Sméðe lenis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 51, 48. Smoeðum politis, 117, 55. Ðæs sméðestan politissimis, 66, 27. II. smooth, without roughness or inequalities of surface :--Sméðe ringce tinius, Wrt. Voc. i. 40, 56. Mín bróður ys rúh and ic eom sméðe. Gen. 27, 11. Ðonne glád hit on ðǽm scyllum swelce hit wǽre sméðe ísen, Ors. 4, 6; Swt. 174, 8. Wæs cyrtil unrúh ɫ smoeðe, Jn. Skt. Lind. 19, 23. Án dún ful sméðe, Homl. Skt. i. 19, 109. On sméðum felda on a plain, Ors. 3, 11; Swt. 142, 14. Wé becóman on summe sméðne feld (in viam planom), Bd. 5, 6; S. 618, 40. Ðeós wyrt biþ cenned on sméðum landum, Lchdm. i. 90, 3 : 298, 3. On sméðe (smoeðum, Lind., Rush.) wegas in vias planas, Lk. Skt. 3, 5. Hé hæfþ ðe sméþran líchoman, Lchdm. ii. 298, 13. III. smooth, without discomfort or annoyance :--Wǽron hyra gongas under Godes egsan sméðe and geséfte. Exon. Th. 146, 3; Gú. 704. IV. smooth, suave, avoiding offence :--Hé biþ hwílum tó ungemetlíce sméðe, hwílum tó ungemetlíce réðe amor proprius mentem aliquando inordinate ad mollitiem, aliquando ad asperitatem rapit, Past. 19, 1; Swt. 143, 7. V. smooth, not irritating (of food, medicine, etc. ) :--Ne se mete ne sié tó scearp ne tó súr, ac sméðe and fǽt, Lchdm. ii. 196, 8. Eáðmylte mettas and scír wín and sméðe, 220, 13. Ða wambe man sceal clǽsnian mid stnéþe wyrtdrence, 262, 17. Wyrc sméþe eágsealfe, 308, 27. VI. smooth (of words) :--Sméðne sybcwide. Frag. Kmbl. 54; Leás. 29. Ðám ðe ful sméðe sprǽce habbaþ, 20; Leás. 12. Ðone ele, ðæt wǽron ða sméðan lyffetunga, Homl. Th. ii. 572, 1. Bepǽcean mid sméðan wordan, Homl. Skt. i. 23, 602. Se Hǽlend lufaþ swíðor ða dǽde ðonne ða sméðan word, Ælfc. T. Grn. 14, 34. VII. of the voice, not harsh, melodious, harmonious :--Stefen smoeðu vox canora, Ps. Surt. ii. p. 202, 5. v. unsméþe; smoóþ.
sméðian; p. ode; pp. od. I. to become smooth :--Ðonne sméðaþ ðæt neb and hálaþ, Lchdm. i. 86, 8. II. to make smooth :--Ic sméðie polio, Wrt. Voc. i. 28, 74. [He wile foxliche smeþien mid worde, O. E. Homl. i. 31, 8. Rihteð and smeðeð þe heorte, A. R. 4, 23.] v. ge-sméðian; sméðan.
sméðness, e; f. I. smoothness :--Hé forgeaf hreóflium sméðnysse, Homl. Th. i. 26, 11. II. a smooth, level surface :--Feld campus, sméðnys planities, Wrt. Voc. i. 53, 49.
smíc, sméc, smýc, es; m. Smoke, vapour, steam :--Swelce se bitresta smíc, Ors. 3, 11; Swt. 142, 20. Smíc fumus, Ælfc. Gr. 8; Zup. 28, 12 : Ex. 19, 18 : Homl. Th. ii. 68, 20. Hí losiaþ swá swá sméc, Bt. 27, 3; Fox 98, 31 : Ps. Th. 36, 19. Smýc, Hpt. Gl. 501, 78 : Shrn. 52, 33. Ða þicnyssa smíces stigon upp on ǽlce healfe, Homl. Skt. i. 23, 36. Ða ýsla up flugon mid ðam smíce. Gen. 19, 18 : Homl. Th. i. 530, 34. Se wǽta gǽþ up swylce mid smíce oððe miste, Lchdm. iii. 278, 9. Sméce gelíce sicut fumus, Ps. Th. 101, 3. On ðam fýre and on ðam smýce, Homl. Th. ii. 202, 32. Se wind ðæt fýr and ðone smíc ofer ða wallas dráf, Bd. 3, 16; S. 543, 1. Genim spices snǽd, lege on hátne stán, drince ðonne smíc. Lchdm. ii. 58, 17. Ðonne hé (the root) tóbrocen byþ, hé rýcþ eal swylce hé smíc of him ásænde, i. 260, 9. Ðæs drinces smýe heora eágan onfón, 348, 22. Sméc vaporem, Ps. Surt. ii. p. 202, 15. [Ne michte ut seon for smike, O. E. Homl. i. 161, 16, Smeche, ii. 220, 18. Smiche, 258, 20. Smec off recless, Orm. 1088. Smeke or smoke, Prompt. Parv. 460. M. H. Ger. smouch: Ger., schmauch.] v. smoca.
smícan, smécan; p. te. I. to smoke, emit smoke :-- Muntas smícaþ montes fumigabunt, Ps. Surt. 103, 32 : 143, 5. II. to smoke, fumigate :-- Sume mid pice smícaþ, Lchdm. ii. 236, 9. Nim gáte hǽr, sméc under ða bréc wið ðæs rægereósan, 146, 3. Smíce mid fearne swíðe ða þeóh, 64, 26. [Wicklif has a wk. past smekide.] v. smeócan, smocian.
smicer; adj. Fair, fine, beautiful, elegant :-- Smicre elegans, loquax, Txts. 59, 737: elegans, Wrt. Voc. ii. 29, 22. Smicerre ansíne eleganti forma, 30, 26. Smicere leóþe carmine rithmico, 23, 24. Windan manigne smicerne wǽn and manig ǽnlic hús settan and fegerne tún timbrian. Shrn. 163, 16. Hió bit ð æt hí findon twá smicere scencingcuppan intó beódern she asks them to provide two fair goblets for the refectory, Ch. Th. 536, 7. Ðæs smicerestan politissimis. Wrt. Voc. ii. 66, 26. [He warrþ till atell defell off shene smikerr enngeil, Orm. 13679. O. H. Ger. smechar elegans, delicatus.]
smicere; adv. Finely, fairly, elegantly :-- Cræftlíce vel smicere affabre, ic smicere geglengce orno. Wrt. Voc. i. 54, 55-58. Smicere geworhte fabrefactum, ii. 33, 68: Shrn. 165, 27 : Ps. Th. 118, 164, 84. Sió lufu scínþ suiðe smicere (fulgescit). Past. 14, 6; Swt. 87, 9. In burh raðe smicere cymeþ wlitig scríðan þrymlíce on tún Maius, Menol. Fox 150; Men. 76. Ðonne singþ hé smælor and smicror minutas ac tenues voces format, Past. 63; Swt. 461, 3.
smicerness, e; f. Elegance, neatness :-- þurh smicernesse and hiwunge hironiam (= per ironiam; irony is explained as combining elegance and dissimulation), Wrt. Vpc. ii. 42, 53.
smillan; p. de. I. to cause to crack as a whip, etc. II. intrans. To crack as a whip :-- Under smyllendum gyrdum weóp crepantibus flevit sub ferulis, Germ. 388, 7. [Icel. smella; p. small to crack, as a whip; smella (wk.) to cause to crack.] v. smæll, and cf. trans, and intrans. forms of miltan.
smilt, smilting. v. smylt, smelting.
smirels, es; m. An unguent, ointment, unction, salve :-- Smyrels vel sealf unguina vel unguenta, Wrt. Voc. i. 49, 29: anguentum. Hé gehǽlde án mǽden mid hálwendum smyrelse gehálgodes eles, Homl. Th. ii. 508, 14. We lǽraþ ðæt preósta gehwilc ǽgðer hæbbe ge fulluhtele ge seócum smyrels, L. Edg. C. 66; Th. ii. 258, 15. [Nicodemus brouhte smuriles uorte smurien mide ure Louerd, A. R. 372, 18. þat swote smirles þat is icleopet basme, H. M. 13, 21. Kepen ðe lich wiðuten smerles. Gen. and Ex. 2454. þe Magdalene smerede Cristes net mid þe precious smerieles, Ayenb. 187, 32. Dan. smorelse grease.]
smireness, e; f. Ointment, unguent :-- Cwæþ se wrítere ðæt Maria genáme án pund deórwyrðre smyrenesse (smerenesse, 69, 1). . . . Ðeós smerenes wæs geworht of ehtaténe cynna wyrtum, Blickl. Homl. 73, 17-20. Smirinis (smerenisse. Rush. ) unguentum, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 26, 12. Smirenisse unguenti, Rtl. 115, 41. Smyrenisse, Lchdm. i. 346, 9. Mið smiriniss unguento. Lk. Skt. Lind. 7, 38: oleo, 46. Smyrenesse unctum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 91, 35. Smerenessa and sealf, Lchdm. ii. 10, 19: 158, 9. Hié selfe mid smirenissum hié smerwan, 224, 1.
smirian, smiring. v. smirwan, smirwung.
smirwan, smerwan, s. mirewan, smeruwan, smirian, smerian, smyrian; p. smirede, ode To smear, anoint :-- Ic smirie míne flán on blóde. Deut. 32, 42. Ðu smirest unges. Ex. 29, 36. Ðú smyrest linies, Wrt. Voc. ii. 51, 46. On ðam dæge ðe hig man smiraþ in die vnctionis suae, Lev. 6, 20. Smirewaþ (smirjaþ, Hatt, MS. ) eówre eágan mid sealfe. Ðonne wé smirewaþ (smierewaþ, Halt. MS. ) úre heortan eáge mid sealfe, Past. ii; Swt. 68, 10-12. Smiriaþ, Ps. Surt. 140, 6. Smirede linivit, Wrt. Voc. ii. 74, 15. Smyrede, 51, 47. Smerede unxit, Ps. Spl. 44, 9: Blickl. Homl. 69, 2. Smyrede, 73, 18. Hé worhte fenn and smyrede (smiride, Lind., Rush. ) míne eágan, Jn. Skt. 9, 11, Mín heáfod ðu mid ele ne smyredest, ðeós smyrede mid sealfe míne fét, Lk. Skt. 7, 46. Smyredon (smiredon, Lind. ), Mk. Skt. 6, 13. Smire mid, Lchdm. ii. 132, 1 (and often). Smyre, i. 216, 5 (and often). Smyra ðin heáfod unge caput tuum, Mt. Kmbl. 6, 17. þweah ǽr ðú hit smeruwe, Lchdm. ii. 156, 2. Gníde and smerwe, 186, 7. Hý hine smyrigon . . . ǽr hé hyne smyrige . . . hine ne mót nán mann smyrigan, L. Ælfc. C. 32; Th. ii. 354, 21-31. Hié selfe mid smirenessum hié smerwan, Lchdm. ii. 224, 1. Ða menn ðú scealt smerwan mid ðý ele, 194, 18: 156, 4. Smirewan, 184, 2: 238, 26. Smyrian, 118, 16. Smerian, Blickl. Homl. 73, 24: 75, 17. Tó smirwanne, Lchdm. ii. 244, 19. To smerwanne, 288, 16. To smergenne, iii. 4, 14. Heó com tó. smyrianne (smiriane, Lind. : smiranne, Rush. ) mínne líchaman, Mk. Skt. 14, 8. [O. H. Ger. pi-smeruit unctus: Icel. smyrja, smyrwa to anoint.] v. á-, be-, ge-, geá-smirwan, -smirian.
smirwung, smiring (-ung), e; f. I. anointing, unction :-- Ðus cwæð se apostol be ðære smyrunge seócra manna, L. Ælfc. C. 32; Th. ii. 354, 27. Gif se seóca man girnþ ðæt man hine smerige, hé dó ðonne his andetnesse ǽr ðare smerunge, and gif hé æfter ðare smyrunge hál wurð, hé mót flǽsces brúcan. On ðare smyrunge biþ lǽcedðm, L. Ælfc. P. 47, 48; Th. ii. 384, 27-32. II. an ointment :-- Smiring cassia, Ps. Surt. 32, 9. Smyring unguentum, Ps. Spl. 132, 2. Balzaman smiring wið eallum untrumnessum, Lchdm. ii. 174, 7. Smyring, 288, 12. Gif ðú myhtest ǽnig þing fyndan on smyrunge oððe on wyrtum, ðæt ðu myhtest mýne wunde myd gehǽlan, St. And. 28, 17. Smerwunga wyrce of ele and of wermóde, Lchdm. ii. 182, 16.
smirwung-, smiring-ele, es; m. Oil for anointing :-- Of ðam smiring-ele de oleo unctionis. Ex. 29, 21.
smítan; p. smát, pl. smiton; pp. smiten. I. to daub, smear, smudge :-- Ðú nymst his blód and smítst ofer útewerd Aarones swýðré eáre. Ex. 29, 20. Smát, gemaercode inpingit (cf. inpingit gemearcode vel signal, 45, 59), Wrt. Voc. ii. 111, 57. Genim gáte tord, gemeng wið eced, smít on, Lchdm. ii. 68, 2. Genim ðæs hornes melo, meng wið wætere, smít on, 72, 14. Mid feðere smít on, 102, 8. Smíte mon ða sealfe ǽrest on ðæt heáfod, iii. 14, 29. Smíte of ðam sylfan blóde on ð æs weofodes hyrnan, Lev. 4, 18. Nymon of his blóde and smíton on ǽgðer gedyre, Ex. 12, 7. Ðissa (oil, grease, and tar) ealra emfela and ðara dusta ealra emfela, gemeng eal ceald tósomne, ðæt hit fram ðam wósum eal wel smítende [sí] (may be adapted for smearing), smire mid, Lchdm. ii. 126, 11. [Ofersmit mid ele, 180, 28.] II. to defile, pollute :--Wráþ áþsmíteþ, Exon. Th. 354, 52; Reim. 64. Smiton funestavere, Wrt. Voc. ii. 109, 43. [Goth. be-, ga-smeitan to smear, anoint: O. Frs. smíta to cast: O. H. Ger. smízan linere. Later English takes the word in the sense of strike. In Mt. 26, 68 the later MS. has Hwset ys se þe ðe smat, where the earlier has slóh, Brutus heorn smat on, Laym. 534. He hoff þe swerd to smitenn, Orm. 14677. Ase ofte ase eni hund binimeð þe þine mete, nultu ase ofte smiten? A. R. 324, 23. So in later works.] v. be-, ge-smítan; smittian.
smite (?), es; m. Pollution :-- Mustfleógan vel wurma smite bibiones vel mustiones, Wrt. Voc. i. 23, 75. v. must-fleóge.
smíte, an; f. A foul, miry place (?) :-- Ego mansam in loco qui celebri a solicolis nuncupatur æt Smitan uocabulo ministro meo largitus sum . . . Ðis is ðære ánre híde landgemǽru tó Smítan . . . of ðæm sló tó Smítan; of ðære Smítan tó berge, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 166, 2-20. Of smítan on ðone stán . . . of ðære apoldran innan smítan, v. 105, 13 - 36.
smiþ, es; m, A smith, a worker in metals or in wood :-- Cudo ic smiðige; eft gyf ð ú cweðst hic cudo, ðonne byþ hit nama. smiþ, Ælfc. Gr. 36; Zup. 216, 10. Se smiþ ferrarius . . . se treówyrhta ligna-rius, Coll. Monast. Th. 30, 29. Smiþ faber vel cudo. Wrt. Voc. i. 73, 26: faber, 286, 74. Fýres god, helle smiþ Vulcanus, ii. 95, 7. Wæs sum bróðor syndrilíce on smiþcræfte well gelǽred; þeówode hé swýðe druncennesse and monigum óðrum unálýfednessum ðæs sleacran lífes, and hé má gewunode on his smiþþan dæges and nihtes sittan and licgean, ðonne hé wolde on cyricean singan and gebiddan . . . wið ðon ðe smiþ ðæs þýstran modes and dǽde his deáþe neálǽhte . . ., Bd. 5, 14; S. 634, 13-42. Gif smiþ monnes andweorc onfó, hé hit gesund ágife swá hé hit ǽr onfénge, L. Alf. pol. 19; Th. i. 74, 9. Módcræftig smiþ, ðonne hé gewyrceþ helm oððe hupseax. Exon. Th. 297, 2; Cri. 62. Wǽpna smiþ, Beo. Th. 2908; B. 1452. Hú nys se smiþ (smiþ ɫ wyrihte faber, Lind. ) Marian sunu. Mk. Skt. 6, 3. Ðes ys smiþes sunu hic est fabri filius, Mt. Kmbl. 13, 55. Byrne, searonet seowed smiþes orþancum, Beo. Th. 817; B. 406. Gif gesíþcund man fare, ðonne mót hé habban his smiþ mid him, L. In. 63; Th. i. 144, 3. Weorc, handweorc smiþa. Exon. Th. 408, 18; Rä, 27, 14: 388, 16; Rä. 6, 8: 401, 6: Rä. 21, 7. Ic hæbbe smiþas, ísene smiþas, goldsmiþ, seolforsmiþ, ársmiþ, treówwyrhtan, Coll. Monast. Th. 29, 35. In poetical compounds the word is used figuratively, v. gryn-, hleahtor-, lár-, wig-, wíg-, wróht-smiþ. [Goth. aiza-smiþa: O. Frs. smeth, smid: O. H. Ger. smid faber, cudo: Icel. smiðr.] v. ambiht-, ár-, gold-, ísen-, seolfor-, wundor-smiþ.
smiþ-cræft, es; m. Smithcraft, the craft or art of the worker in metal or wood :--Wæs sum brððor syndrilíce on smiþcræfte well gelǽred erat fabrili arte singularis, Bd. 14; S. 634, 14.
smiþ-cræftig; adj. Skilled as a smith, v. next word.
smiþ-cræftiga, an; m. One skilled in the smith's art :-- Tubal Cain smiþcræftega wæs, Cd. Th. 66, 15; Gen. 1084.
smiðian; p. ode To make out of metal or wood, to fashion, forge :-- Ic smiðige cudo, ðú smiðast cudist, Ælfc. Gr. 36; Zup. 216, 8: 28, 6; Zup. 178, 10. Smiðode oððe gescóp euderet, Wrt. Voc. ii. 19, 36. Hé hét smiðian of smǽtum golde áne lytle róde. Homl. Th. ii. 304, 16. Smiðian on smǽtum golde ánre culiran an-lícnysse, Homl. Skt. i. 3, 126. Smeoðed fabricata, Hpt. GL. 418, 3. [Brien enne smið funde þe wel cuðe smiðie . . . þe smið gon to smiðeʒe ane pic, Laym. 30742-9. Ofte a ful hawur smið smeoðið a ful woc knif, A. R. 52, 8. A smith that in his forge smithed plowharneis, Chauc. C. T. 3760. To smythye wepne into sikul or to sithe, Piers P. 3, 305. Goth. ga-smiþón: O. H. Ger. smidón fabricare, cudere: Icel. smiða.] v. a-, be-, ge-smiðian.
smiþlíce; adv. After the manner of a smith, with skill :-- Smiþlíce fabrile, Wrt. Voc. ii. 108, 33: 35, 14: 146, 59. [O. H. Ger. smidilího fabriliter.]
smiþþe, an; f. A smithy, a smith's workshop :-- Smiððe officina, Wrt. Voc. ii. 64, 12: i. 34, 55: 73, 27. Smiþþe, 286, 75. Smiðþe vel weorchús, 58, 23. On smiððan in conflatorio, Kent. Gl. 1033. Hwæt sylst ðú (the smith) ús on smiþþan ðínre búton ísene fýrspearcan, Coll. Monast. Th. 31, 5. Hé má gewunode on his smiþþan dæges and nihtes sittan and licgean, ðonne hé wolde on cyricean singan and gebiddan, Bd. 5, 14; S. 634, 16. Gáþ tó smiððan and fandiaþ ðises goldes and ðissera gymstána, Homl. Th. i. 64, 6. Ðæt wíde geat be-eástan Welandes smiððan, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 332, 23. [O. Frs. smithe: O. H. Ger. smitta, smidda officina, fabrica: Icel. smiðja.]
smitta (-e; f.?), an; m. A smear, blot, mark, spot :-- Bútan smittan sine macula, R. Ben. Interl. 4, 3. Smyttena naevorum, notarum, Hpt. Gl. 421, 56. v. next word.
smittian; p. ode To smear, pollute, defile :-- Smittodan funestavere, maculavere, Wrt. Voc. ii. 151, 60. Smittud cacabatus, Hpt. Gl. 514, 47. [Smitted contaminata, Ps. 105, 39. As reignes shall ben flitted Fro folk to folk, or whan they shal ben smitted, Chauc. T. and C. v. 1544. Ismittet (smeared) wið smirles, H. M. 13, 23. Bismitted (-smuddet, MS. T.) and bismeoruwed, A. R. 214, 22. Besmetted ine herte mid kueade þoʒtes, Ayenb. 229, 20. O. H. Ger. pi-smizzit illitus, unctus.] v. be-smittian; smítan.
smoc[c], es; m. A smock, shift :-- Smoc vel syrc colobium, Wrt. Voc. i. 25, 60. Loþa, hom vel smoc colobium, dictum quia longum est et sine manicis, ii. 134, 37. [Smokke interula, 182, 1. Smok, schyrt camisia, interula, Prompt. Parv. 461. O. H. Ger. smoccho interula: Icel. smokkr.]
smoca, an; m. Smoke :-- Ástáh smoca on yrre his ascendit fumus in ira ejus, Ps. Lamb. 17, 9. Út æt his nosu eode micel smocca, Nar. 43, 16. Hé nele ðone wlacan smocan wáces flǽsces wætere gedwæscan nec vult lini tepidos undis exstinguere fumos, Dóm. L. 51. v. smíc.
smocian; p. ode. I. intrans. To smoke, emit smoke :-- Muntas smociaþ, Ps. Lamb. 103, 32. Smeócaþ ɫ smociaþ fumigabunt, 143, 5. Swilce án ofen eall smociende, Gen. 15, 17. Smocigende, Homl. Th. ii. 202, 24. II. trans. To smoke :-- Genim ðú ðás ylcan wyrte and smoca ðæt cild mid, Lchdm. i. 116, 9. Smeóce (smoca, MS. R.) mid hǽþe, 354, 23. [Þa iseʒen heo a fur smokien, Laym. 25734. Smekyn̄ or smokyn̄ fumo, fumigo, Prompt. Parv. 460.] v. smeócan, smícan.
smoega-wyrm, smoh. v. smeá-wyrm, ǽ-, in-smoh.
smolt, smeolt; adj. Serene, quiet, peaceful :-- Smolt wæs se sigewong, Exon. Th. 146, 23; Gú. 714. Smeolt, Andr. Kmbl. 3160; An. 1583. Smolt regn imbres, Rtl. 85, 9: torrens, Blickl. Gl. (Ps. 125, 4). Smolt biþ serenum erit, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 16, 2. Smolt dæg ɫ restdæg (smolte dæge, Rush.) sero die, Jn. Skt. Lind. 20, 19. Éfern ɫ smolt (efern & smolt, Rush.) sero, Mk. Skt. Lind. 6, 47. Wé hæfdon smolte niht nox serena reddita est nobis, Nar. 33, 52. [With smeþe smylyng and smolt, Gaw. 1763.] v. smylte, and next word.
smolte; adv. Quietly, mildly :-- Ðonne smolte (cf. smylte, Bt. 9; Fox 26, 17) blǽwþ súþan and westan wind under wolcnum, Met. 6, 8. [Cf. O. Sax. smultro gibárean (of the wind and waves).]
smoltlíce; adv. Gently, quietly :-- Flówæþ seó welle swá fægefe and swá smoltlíce swá hunig, Engl. Stud. viii. 477, 10. v. smylt-líc.
smorian; p. ode To choke, suffocate :-- Wyrgeþ vel smoraþ st[r]angulat, Wrt. Voc. ii. 121, 32. Se esne genimende smorede hine (suffocabat eum), Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 18, 28. Ða þornas smoradun (suffocaverunt) hiǽ, 13, 7. [Wend he smore þat sede, C. M. 5573. All suld be smored, Pr. C. 7601. Smore wythe smeke fumigo, smoryd famigatus, smorynge fumigacio, Prompt. Parv. 461. Halliwell gives smore as a word in northern dialects, and quotes Hall's Chronicles; and smoor is given as a Lincolnshire word, E. D. S. Pub.] v. á-, for-, of-smorian.
smóþ; adj. Smooth, unruffled :-- Mid smóðestum andwlite serenissimo vultu, Engl. Stud. ix. 40. v. un-smóþ, and sméðe.
smúgan; p. smeág, pl. smugon; pp. smogen To creep, crawl, move gradually :-- Ic smúge serpo, Ælfc. Gr. 28, 4; Zup. 170, 15: crepo (serpo?), Wrt. Voc. ii. 136, 84. Smúgaþ serpunt, Wülck, Gl. 248, 19. Smúgen(-an?) serpere, Hpt. Gl. 527, 49. Hé (ǽwelm) biþ smúgende geond ða eorþan, Bt. 24, 1; Fox 80, 26. [Nedre smuʒeð derneliche, O. E. Homl. i. 153, 22, 32. Smuʒð, smuhgð digeliche, ii. 191, 7, 15, 17. M. H. Ger. smiegen; Icel. smjúga to creep through a hole, narrow space, etc.] v. á-, under-smúgan; smeágan, and next word.
smúgendlíc; adj. Creeping, reptile :-- Ealle slincendu ɫ smúendlícu omnia reptilia, Ps. Lamb. 68, 35.
smygel, smygels, es; m. A burrow, place to creep into :-- Smygels cuniculus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 137, 34. Smygelas cuniculos, 15, 51. Smygilas, smigilas, smyglas, Txts. 48, 199. [Cf. Icel. smuga a narrow cleft to creep through, a hole; smogall, smugall penetrating.] v. smúgan.
smyllende, smyltan. v. smillan, ge-smyltan.
smylte; adj. Quiet, tranquil, calm, serene. I. of physical calmness:--Se mónaþ (June) is nemned on úre geþeóde se ǽrra líða, for ðon seó lyft biþ þonne smylte, Shrn. 87, 34. Swilce seó heofone ðonne heó smylte (serenum) byþ, Ex. 24, 10. Hyt byþ smylte weder, Mt. Kmbl. 16, 2. Smylte weder biþ ðý þancwyrþre, gif hit hwéne ǽr biþ stearce stormas and micle rénas and snáwas, Bt. 23; Fox 78, 26. Smylte reng pluvia serena, Bd. 4, 13; S. 582, 34. Smelt hagol imber serotinus (v. smolt), Kent. Gl. 560. Swá biþ sǽ smilte, Exon. Th. 336, 26; Gn. Ex. 55. Sió án hýþ byþ simle smyltu æfter eallum ýstum that haven is ever calm after all the storms, Bt. 34, 8; Fox 144, 28. Smylte is se sigewong, Exon. Th. 199, 29; Ph. 23. Smeltre intempestae, tranquillae, serenae, Hpt. Gl. 495, 4. Swíðe eáðe mæg on smyltre sǽ ungelǽred scipstiéra genóh ryhte stiéran, Past. 9; Swt. 59, 1. Ðonne heó baðaþ hí on smyltum wætre, Shrn. 85, 21. Smylte wedere aure tenuis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 4, 56. Seó sǽ mót brúcan smyltra ýþa, Bt. 7, 3; Fox 20, 23. Ic becume tó ðære smyltestan hýðe, Guthl. prol.; Gdwin. 4, 20. I a. gentle, mild, of the wind:--Þurh ðone smyltan súþan-westernan wind, Bt. 4; Fox 8, 8. Hé ýste mæg oncyrran ðæt him windes hweoðu weorðeþ smylte statuit procellam in auram, Ps. Th. 106, 28. I b. fig. favourable, prosperous :-- Smyltum belimpum successibus, Anglia xiii. 32, 132. II. of mental calm, placid, serene, tranquil, unruffled :-- Cild ácenned smylte a child born on the ninth day of the moon will be placid, Lchdm. iii. 188, 12. Hé smylte móde and blíþe (placida mente) him eall forlét, Bd. 3, 22; S. 553, 20. Ðá frægn hé hwæðer hí ealle smylte mód (placidum animum) tó him hæfdon, 4, 24; S. 598, 40. Mid smyltre willsumesse tranquilla devotione, S. 599, 9, 10. Smylte ɫ blíðelíce árfæstnisse sinceram pietatem, Rtl. 48, 28. Smyltum þohtum sinceris mentibus, 7, 21: 16, 37. v. mere-smylte; smolt, smyltness.
smylte; adv. Quietly, mildly, gently :-- Ðonne smylte bláweþ súþan-westan wind, Bt. 9; Fox 26, 17. v. smolte.
smylte-líc, smylting. v. smylt-líc, smelting.
smylt-líc; adj. Tranquil, serene :-- Smyltelíco gewidra, Shrn. 74, 11. Smyltlícum tranquilla, Rtl. 39, 9. Smyltlícum seneris (serenis?), 98, 8.
smyltness, e; f. Quiet, calm, serenity, tranquillity. I. of physical calm:--Ðá bebeád hé ðam winde and ðære sǽ, and ðǽr wearð geworden mycel smyltness, Mt. Kmbl. 8, 26. Smyltnes, Mk. Skt. 4, 39: Blickl. Homl. 235, 9. On smyltnysse lyfta serenitate aerum, Bd. 1, 1; S. 474, 30. I a. the quiet of evening, evening :-- Miððý éfern ɫ smyltnis, (sero) eére áwordæn, Mk. Skt. Lind. 4, 35. Smyltnise, Jn. Skt. Lind. 6, 16. Næhtes smyltnisse noctis quiete, Rtl. 37, 35. I b. gentleness, quietness in action:--Hig hine mid ealre smyltnesse swá gelǽddon and on heora fiðerum bǽron, ðæt hé ne mihte ne on scipe fægeror gefered beón, Guthl. 5; Gdwin. 40, 16, 14. II. quiet, silence :-- Smyltnisse gesette silentium inposuisset, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 22, 34. III. placidity, calmness :-- Cara cura, oferfǽt obesus, smyltnys pinguedo (placidity?), Wrt. Voc. i. 51, 11. IV. peace, tranquillity, quiet :-- Smyltnes wæs ofor eorþan and sibba genihtsumnes, Blickl. Homl. 115, 9. Ðurh ðæt wierð tóslieten sió stilnes hiera hiéremonna módes and biþ gedréfed sió smyltnes hiera lífes eo subditorum vitam dissipata quietis tranquillitate confundunt, Past. 40, 1; Swt. 289, 8. Anweald on sibbe smyltnesse gehealdan, Lchdm. iii. 436, 13. Swefn siriyltnysse and glædnysse gehátaþ, 156, 14. Tídlíc smyltnisse girǽce and líf gibrenga éce temporalem tranquilitatem tribuat et vitam conferat sempiternam, Rtl. 31, 28. V. calmness, composure :-- Ðý læs ða smyltnesse ðæs dómes gewemme tó hræd ierre, Past. 13; Swt. 79, 13.
smyrels, smyrian, smyring, smytta. v. smirels, smirwan, smirwung, smitta.
snaca, an; m.: snacu (?), e; f. A reptile, a snake :-- Snaca coluber, Wrt. Voc. i. 78, 56: 287, 30: ii. 16, 75: Ælfc. Gr. 8; Zup. 27, 7. Sý Dan snaca on wege fiat Dan coluber in via, Wulfst. 192, 20. Snace colubro, Hpt. Gl. 409, 72. Gif ðú gesihst snacan ongeán ðe cuman, ongeán yfele wýfmen ðé bewerian mynegaþ, Lchdm. iii. 214, 9. Snacan colubros, Wrt. Voc. ii. 21, 37: scorpiones, Lk. Skt. 10, 19. [O. Du. snake: Icel. snákr (only in poetry).] v. ban-suaca.
snacc, e; f. (?) A swift-sailing vessel :-- Ðá lét Eádweard cyng scypian xl snacca, Chr. 1052; Erl. 182, 36. Hé fór tó Scotlande mid xii snaccum, 1066; Erl. 201, 8. [(Borrowed from?) Icel. snekkja a swift-sailing vessel, belonging to the kind of 'lang-skip:' Dan. snekke a bark, sailing vessel.]
snǽd, es; m. 'A piece of land within defined limits, but without enclosures, a limited circumscribed woodland or pasturage,' Leo, Anglo-Saxon Names of Places, pp. 68-9. Or (?) a clearing in a wood. Cf. snǽdan, II:--Ic hire léte tó ðæt ceorla gráf tósundran . . . and se alhmunding snǽd hére intó preosda byrig, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. ii. 100, 16. Be ðam gráue ðæt hit cymþ intó ðam snǽde; and of ðam snǽde, iii. 399, 34. Ðet firhde bituihu longanleág and ðem suðtúne and ða snádas illuc pertinentia, i. 261, 10. Tó Óswaldingtúne hiérþ holenhyrst . . . cyrþring- hyrst, triphyrst, and insnádis(-as?) intó Óswaldingtúne, ii. 228, 4. Also snǽðfeld occurs iii. 399, 20:--On ðone lytlan snǽðfeld; and snádhyrst, i. 273, 6.
snǽd, es; m. The handle of a scythe. Under the forms snathe, sneath, snead, sned the word occurs in the glossaries of many dialects, e. g. Wilts, Somerset, Northamptonshire. Jamieson also gives it. v. E. D. S. Pub. Gloss. B. 15, 16, 19, C. 4:--Hwílon befeóll án síðe of ðam snǽde intō ánum deópan seáðe. Benedictus heóld ðone snǽd bufon ðam wætere ðǽr ðæt ísen ásanc, and ðǽrrihte hit becom swymmende tó ðam snǽde, Homl. Th. ii. 162, 10-14.
snǽd, e; f. A cut, slice, morsel, bit :-- Snǽd offa, Wrt. Voc. i. 82, 73: morsus, ii. 58, 12. Spices snǽd offella vel particula, i. 27, 19. Seó snǽd ðæs húsles ðe heó þicgan sceolde, Homl. Th. ii. 272, 26: Salm. Kmbl. 809; Sal. 404. Hé began tó etenne; hé feóll ðá æt ðære forman snǽde, Homl. Skt. i. 12, 62. Ða sweartan snǽd atram offam, Wrt. Voc. ii. 90, 23: 63, 14. Genim spices snǽde þynne, lege on hátne stán, Lchdm. ii. 58, 16. Heorotes horn gebærned tó ahsan . . . and mid hunige gewealcen tó snǽdum, 238, 2. Genim þreó snǽda, 52, 23. Genim fǽttes flǽsces, sele twá snǽda, 268, 31. Nim of ðam gehálgedan hláfe feówer snǽda, iii. 290, 27. Ðás, sweartan snǽda atras offulas, Wrt. Voc. ii. 84, 40. Swá swá snǽda sicut buccellas, Ps. Spl. 147, 6. Snǽda offulas, partes, Hpt. Gl. 500, 78. [Icel. sneið a slice.] v. sin-snǽd.
snǽdan; p. de. I. to slice, cut into slices :-- On hunig gesnǽd, Lchdm. ii. 294, 9. II. to snathe [given by Halliwell as a northern word =to prune trees, and occurs in Ray's collection, E. D. S. Pub. Gloss. B. 15. Jamieson gives sned to prune, lop off, sned a branch pruned off.] to lop, prune, cut branches off trees:--Snédit putat, Txts. 117, 249. Sume snéddun telgran of treówum alii caedebant ramos de arboribus, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 21, 8. Hit biþ unnyt ðæt mon hwelces yfles bógas snǽde búton mon wille ða wyrtruman forceorfan ðæs staðoles incassum foras nequitia ex ramis inciditur, si surrectura multiplicius intus in radice servatur, Past. 33, 5; Swt. 222, 15. III. to hew or trim stones. [In this sense Jamieson gives sned as a word of northern Scotland.]:--Ðara werhtena ðe ðanæ stán sneóddon and fégdon, Anglia xi. 5, 7. [Þe moder mid sexe hine tosnæde & al todælde, Laym. 4015. Þa quene ich al tosnaðde mid mine sweorede, 28050. O. H. Ger. gi-sneitón putare: Icel. sneiða to cut into slices.] v. be-snǽdan; sníðan.
snǽdan; p. de To take food, take a meal :-- Ðá hé com to Cantwarbyrig, ðá snǽdde hé ðǽr and his menn, and tó Dofran gewende, Chr. 1048; Erl. 177, 31. [Icel. snæða to take a meal; snæði a meal; snáð focd, meat.] v. snǽding.
snǽdel, (more generally) snǽdelþearm, es; m. The great gut :-- Snaedil vel þearm, snaedilþearm, snédildaerm extale, Txts. 58, 381. Snǽdel, Wrt. Voc. i. 286, 59. Snǽdel(-?) vel bæc-þearm extales, 44, 48. Snǽdelþearm extale, ii. 29, 74: 145, 29: fither, 149, I: fiber, 38, 54. Snǽdelþearm fithrem, Lchdm. i. lxxii, 5.
snǽding, e; f. A (slight?) meal :-- Seó wucaþén nime snǽdinge (mixtum,=déjeûner, consistant en un verre de vin et un pen de pain, Migne. Cf. the translation of the passage, R. Ben. 63, 1:--Ðære wucan rǽdere gange tó hláfe and drince) ǽr ðan ðe hé áginne rǽdan, R. Ben. Interl. 70, 4. [Icel. snæðing a meal.] v. snǽdan to take food, and next two words.
snǽding-hús, es; n. An eating-house, a place where cooked meat is sold :-- Snǽdinghús popina, Wrt. Voc. i. 58, 21.
snǽding-sceáp, es; n. A sheep to be killed for eating :-- Hý teohhiaþ ús him tó snǽdincgsceápum aestimati sumus ut oves occisionis, Ps. Th. 43, 23.
snǽd-mǽlum; adv. By bits, a bit at a time :-- Pusla snǽdmǽlum pick them out by a bit at a time, Lchdm. ii. 356, 13.
snægel, snǽs. v. snegel, snás.
snǽsan; p. de To spit, run through with a pointed implement or weapon :-- Gif mon hafaþ spere ofer eaxle and hine mon on ásnáseþ (ásnǽseþ, MS. H., snǽseþ, MS. B.), gielde ðone wer bútan wíte; gif beforan eágum ásnáse (ásnǽse, MS. H.) gielde ðone wer, L. Alf. pol. 36; Th. i. 84, 13. [Þe deoflen schulen mid helle sweordes al snesien (snesen, MS. C.: sneasin, MS. T.) ham þuruhut, A. R. 212, 22, Icel. sneisa to spit.] v. snás.
snás, snǽs, e; f. A spit, skewer :-- Snaas veru, Txts. 115, 144. Án snǽs fisca oððe óðra þinga una serta; a number of fish or other things run on to a stick, Wrt. Voc. i. 64, 9. Snásum veribus, ii. 91, 37: feribus, 148, 7. [Icel. sneis; f. a skewer: Dan. snes a score.] v. snǽsan.
snáð, es; m.(?) A killing :-- Snáðes occisionis, Hpt. Gl. 478, 45.
snáw, es; m. Snow :-- Snáw nix, Wrt. Voc. i. 52, 47. Swá hwíte swá snáw (sná, Lind.: snáu, Rush.), Mt. Kmbl. 28, 3. Snáuw, Shrn. 50, 15. Snáua nix, Mk. Skt. Lind. 9, 3. Snáw cymþ of ðam þynnum wǽtan ðe byþ up átogen mid ðære lyfte, and byþ gefroren ǽr ðan hé tó dropum geurnen sý, and swá semtinges fylþ, Lchdm. iii. 278, 23. Ðǽr (in Ireland) seldon snáu leng ligeþ ðonne þrý dagas, Bd. 1, 1; S. 474, 31. Micle rénas and snáwas, Bt. 23; Fox 78, 28. Hæglas and snáwas, 39, 13; Fox 234, 16. Forstas and snáwas, Cd. Th. 239, 31; Dan. 378. Snáwum nivibus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 61, 45. [Goth. snaiws: O. Sax. snéu: O. H. Ger. snéo: Icel. snjór.]
snáw-ceald; adj. Cold as snow :-- Ðæt sió fýrene (ne) mót sunne gesécan snáwcealdes weg monna (but read (?) mónan. Cf. Bt. 39, 13; Fox 232, 28) gemǽro, Met. 29, 8.
snáw-gebland, es; n. A snow-storm :-- Fór Hanníbal ofer Bardan ðone beorg, þéh ðe ymb ðone tiéman wǽren swá micel snáwgebland swá ðætte ǽgðer ge ðara horsa fela forwurdon ge ða elpendas ealle búton ánum ge ða men selfe uneáðe ðone ciele genǽson Annibal, cum in Etruriam transiret, in summo Apennino tempestate correptus, nivibus conclusus obriguit; ubi magnus hominum numerus, jumenta complurima, elephanti pene omnes frigoris acerbitate perierunt, Ors. 4, 8; Swt. 186, 34.
snáw-hwít; adj. Snow-white :-- Snáwhwít niveus, Wrt. Voc. i. 52, 48. Snáwítre clǽnnysse nivei pudoris, Hymn. Surt. 104, 17. Mid snáwhwítum hreóflan beslagen, Homl. Th. i. 400, 29. Sittende on snáwhwítum horse, ii. 134, 27. Snáwhwítne hláf, Homl. Skt. i. 2, 405: 18, 164. [Icel. snjó-hwítr.]
snáwig; adj. Snowy. v. next word.
snáwlíc; adj. Snowy :-- Snáwlíc nivalis, Wrt. Voc. i. 52, 49. Se feórða heáfodwind hátte septemtrio: se blǽwþ norðan and cealde and snáwlíc (snáwig, MS. L.), Lchdm. iii. 274, 23. [O. H. Ger. sné-líh ninguidus: Icel. snjó-ligr.]
snearu, an; f. A snare, noose :-- Snearan tendiculam, decipulam, laqueum quod tenditur leporibus ɫ avibus, Hpt. Gl. 429, 17. [Icel. snara a snare: cf. O. L. Ger. snari; n. fidis, fidicula.] v. snér.
snegel, snægel, snegl, snél, snǽl, es; m. A snail :-- Snegl, snél limax, Txts. 75, 1220. Snegel, Wrt. Voc. i. 78, 63. Snægl, 24, 4: ii. 51, 4. Snegel se ðe hæfþ hús testudo, i. 78, 64. Snegl, snægl, snægel, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 3; Zup. 37, 8. Gehúsed snægl, Wrt. Voc. i. 24, 5. Snegl, snægl marruca, Txts. 77, 1283: Wrt. Voc. ii. 55, 50: coclea, 22, 3. Snægl cuniculus, 137, 34. Lytle sneglas cocleae, 104, 61. Snæglas, 135, 45. Mé is snægl swiftra, Exon. Th. 426, 7; Rä. 41, 70. Ðone blacan snegl áwæsc on háligwætre, sele drincan, Lchdm. ii. 110, 14. Blace sneglas on pannan gehyrste, 144, 2. [Icel. snigill: Dan. snegl.] v. sǽ-snægl.
snell, snel; adj. Quick, active, strong. I. in following glosses:--Snel alacris, Wrt. Voc. ii. 99, 75: 6, 50: expeditus, velox, fortis, 30, 17: explicitus, liber, efficatus, 145, 35. Snellne adultum, Hpt. Gl. 485, 25. II. of rapid movement, quick, rapid, swift :-- Sum biþ on londe snel, féþe spédig, Exon. Th. 296, 17; Crä. 52. Fareþ feþrum snell, 206, 7; Ph. 123. Snel, 208, 29; Ph. 163. Hé is snel and swift and swíðe leóht est levis et velox, 220, 8; Ph. 317. Wæterþissa snel, 182, 2; Gú. 1304: Andr. Kmbl. 1009; An. 505. Snelle veloces, Ps. Spl. T. 13, 6. Férend snelle swift emissaries, Exon. Th. 246, 12; Jul. 60. Se wæs mid his dǽdum snelra ðonne hé mægnes hæfde celeritate magis quam virtute fretus, Ors. 2, 5; Swt. 78, 27. Mé is snægl swiftra, snelra regnwyrm, Exon. Th. 426, 8; Rä. 41, 70. III. active, prompt, ready, quick in action, bold. [Snell is given in Jamieson's Dictionary with the meanings, keen, severe; sharp (of the air); acute (of the mind); firm, determined. Also in Cumberland it is used of the wind]:--Se snella sunu Wonrédes, Beo. Th. 5934; B. 2971. Mé sendon tó ðé sǽmen snelle, Byrht. Th. 132, 41; By. 29: Cd. Th. 191, 26; Exod. 220: Exon. Th. 296, 25; Crä. 56. Snellra werod, cénra the band of the bold and the brave, Judth. Thw. 24, 21; Jud. 199. [Snel (strong, 2nd MS.) cniht wes Carric, Laym. 28860. O. Sax. snell bold, active: O. H. Ger. snell alacer, acer, agilis, strenuus, robustus, pernix: Icel. snjallr valiant, brave; ready of speech, eloquent.] v. swíð-snell.
snel-líc; adj. I. moving rapidly, swift :-- Snellíc sǽmearh, Andr. Kmbl. 533; An. 267. II. quick in action, ready, bold :-- Monig snellíc sǽrinc, Beo. Th. 1384; B. 690. [M. H. Ger. snellec strenuus.]
snellíce; adv. Rapidly, quickly, with activity :-- Sum sceal snellíce snére wrǽstan one rapidly bends the harpstrings, Exon. Th. 332, 9; Vy. 82. [O. H. Ger. snellícho strenue.]
snelness, e; f. Quickness, readiness, activity, agility :-- Hé slóh swá hé hine (the ball) nǽfre feallan ne lét. Se cyngc ðá oncneów ðæs iungan snelnesse, ðæt hé wiste ðæt hé næfde his gelícan on ðam plegan, Ap. Th. 13, 7.
sneóme, snióme; adv. I. swiftly, rapidly :-- His word yrneþ wundrum snióme velociter currit sermo ejus, Ps. Th. 147, 4. II. quickly, immediately, at once :-- Hét ófstlíce up ástandan . . . sneóme of slǽpe ðæm fæstan, Andr. Kmbl. 1589; An. 796: Exon. .ERROR Th. 55, 27; Cri. 890. Hí semninga sneóme forwurdon subito defecerunt, Ps. Th. 72, 15: 106, 13. Snióme, 74, 7: 103, 33; 123, 2. Swá heó sǽ geseah, hé hió snióme fleáh, 113, 3. Sniómor, Cd. Th. 51, 21; Gen. 830. [O. Sax. sniumo: O. H. Ger. sniumo velociter, cito, subito, statim; sniumor, citius: cf. Goth. sniumundó quickly; sniumjan to hasten.]
sneorcan; p. snearc To shrivel :-- Ic gesnerc swé swé deád from heortan excidi tamquam mortuus a corde, Ps. Surt. 30, 13. [Cf. þte hude swartete as hit snarchte (shrivelled with the heat), Marh. 18, 14. Cf. (?) Icel. snerkja to wrinkle the face in displeasure (?): Scott. snirk to draw up the nose in contempt or displeasure.]
sneówan; p. sneáw (?), sneówde (?) To proceed, go, come, hasten :-- On brim sneóweþ snel under segle, Andr. Kmbl. 1008; An. 504. Mid ǽrdæge eástan sneóweþ (snoweþ, MS.) wlitig and wynsum (of the sun), Exon. Th. 350, 12; Sch. 62. Ðá com beácna bearhtost (the sun) ofer breomo sneówan, Andr. Kmbl. 484; An. 242: 3333; An. 1670. [Goth. sniwan; p. snau, pl. snéwun to go, come: cf. (?) Icel. snöggr sudden.]
snér, e; f. The string of a musical instrument :-- Snér fidis, Txts. 115, 148. Gellende snér, Exon. Th. 353, 40; Reim. 25. Snellíce snére wrǽstan, 332, 9; Vy. 82. [O. H. Ger. snuor; f. filum, lineolus: cf. Icel. snœri; n. a twisted rope: Goth. snórjó a (twisted) basket. v. snearu.
snícan; p. snác, pl. snicon To crawl, creep (1) of the motion of a reptile:--[Sume wuhta] creópaþ and snícaþ, eall líchoma eorþan getenge (cf. sume licgaþ mid eallon líchaman on eorþan and snícende faraþ, Bt. 41, 6; Fox 254, 26), Met. 31, 6. Wyrm com snícan, Lchdm. iii. 34, 21. On ðínum wambe and on ðínum breóstum ðú scealt snícan pectore et ventre repes, Past. 43, 2; Swt. 311, 1. Snícan serpere, Txts. 180, 5. Ðǽr (in Ireland] monn ǽnigne snícendne wyrm ne gesihþ nullum ibi reptile videri soleat, Bd. 1, 1; S. 474, 33. Snícende reptilia, Ps. Surt. 103, 25. Ða creópendan and ða snícendan (scnícendan, Hatt. MS.), Past. 21, 3; Swt. 154, 18. (2) fig. of imperceptible movement:--Ða wunde snícaþ (irrepunt) in ða innoðas mínes líchoman, Bd. 5, 13; S. 633, 18. [Snikeð in and ut neddren, O. E. Homl, i. 251, 16. Dan. snige to sneak: cf. Icel. sníkja (wk.) to hanker after.]
snid, snide, es; m. A saw :-- Saga vel snide serula, Wrt. Voc. i. 16, 17. Snid serra, 85, 1. Hié wǽron snidene mid snide secti sunt, Past. 30; Swt. 205, 13.
snid, es; n. A slice, cut :-- Ðæt snid copus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 21, 59. [Icel. snið; n. a slice: cf. O. H. Ger. snita; f. buccella.] v. ge-snid.
snide, es; m. I. a cut, incision :-- Ða wunde ðæs snides vulnus incisurae, Bd. 4, 19; S. 589, 17. Gif ðú wille on snide blód forlǽtan if you wish to let blood at an incision, Lchdm. ii. 148, 10: 16, 5. II. slaying. v. sníðan, IV:--Swá swá scép tó snide tamquam ouis ad occisionem, Engl. Stud. xiii. 27, 9. [O. H. Ger. snit concisio, lacerati.]
snid-ísen, es; n. A lancet :-- Ðonne ðú ongite ðæt geswel hnescige and swiþrige, ðonne hrín ðú him mid snidísene and sníð listum, Lchdm. ii. 208, 16.
snirian, (snerian?), snyrian; p. ede To go quickly, hasten :-- Brimwudu scynde, lagumearg snyrede tó hýðe, Exon. Th. 182, 7; Gú. 1306. Snyredon ætsomne, Beo. Th. 809; B. 402. Gesión brecan ofer bæðweg brimwudu snyrgan, sǽmearh plegan, wadan wǽgflotan, Elen. Kmbl. 488; El. 244. [Cf. Icel. snarr swift; snara to make a quick turn, step out quickly.]
sniring a sharp rock :-- Stánum oððe snyringum cautibus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 18, 15.
sníte, an; f. A snite, snipe. [Halliwell quotes: 'A snipe or snite, a bird lesse than a woodcocke,' Baret, 1580, and gives snite as a word still in use. See also E. D. S. Pub. Bird Names, p. 192.]:--Sníte vel wudecocc aceta, Wrt. Voc. i. 29, 52. Sníte acegia, 62, 23: ii. 4, 36: 99, 14. [In later glossaries snyte glosses ibis, i. 177, 29: 253, 1. Prompt. Parv. snype or snyte ibex.]
sníðan; p. snáð, pl. snidon; pp. sniden. I. to cut, make an incision in anything:--Snáð ðæt ís ðara háligra líchoman, Shrn. 62, 1. Mec snáð seaxes ecg, Exon. Th. 408, 2; Rä. 27, 6. II. to cut as a surgeon does, to lance or to amputate :-- Mon sníð ða bearneácnan wíf secuerunt praegnantes, Past. 48, 2; Swt. 367, 14. Gif ðonne ðæt worms up stíhþ tó ðon ðæt ðé þince ðæt hit mon sníþan mǽge and út forlǽtan . . . ðonne hrín ðú him mid ðý snidísene and sníð listum . . . ðonne ðú hit tóstinge oððe sníþe, Lchdm. ii. 208, 11-21. Sníð oððe ceorf on ðæt hále and ðæt cwice líc, 84, 28: 52, 2. Gód lǽce ðe wel cann wunda sníðan, Past. 49; Swt. 377, 18. Ic wéne ðæt hé hiene snide sláwlícor, gif hé him ǽr sǽde ðæt hé hiene sníðan wolde . . . se lǽce, ðonne hé cymþ ðone untruman tó sníðanne, 26; Swt. 186, 2-7. II a. metaphorically:--Ðæt mon mǽge sníþan and bærnan his unþeáwas ut culpae morbos supplicio resecarent, Bt. 38, 7; Fox 210, 3. III. to cut up or to pieces:--Ðone ramm ðú sníðst tó sticcon, Ex. 29, 17. Hié wǽron snidene mid snide secti sunt, Past. 30; Swt. 205, 13. IV. to cut so as to kill, to slay an animal (v. of-sníðan, sníðung, II):--Ðæra éwena meolc gé brucon and ða ðe fǽtte wǽron gé snidon (mactavistis), L. Ecg. P. iii. 16; Th. ii. 202, 24. Ða ealdan sacerdas cealf snidon, Homl. Th. ii. 210, 19. God hét niman ánes geáres lamb and sníðan on Eástertíde, 40, 11: 262, 29. V. to cut stone, to hew :-- Ðæra wyrhtena ðe ðæne stán snidon and fégdon, Anglia xi. 4, 12. VI. to cut hair:--Wið heáfodece, hundes heáfod gebærn tó ahsan and sníð ðæt heáfod; lege on, Lchdm. ii. 20, 2. VII. to cut corn, to reap :-- Ða on teárum sáwaþ, hí eft gefeán sníðaþ in gaudio metent, Ps. Th. 125, 5. [Tacc Ysaac þin wennchell & sniþ itt alls itt wære an shep, Orm. 14666. Goth. sneiþan to reap: 0. Sax. sníðan to cut: O. Frs. snítha: O. H. Ger. snídan secare, resecare, caedere, putare, dolere, attondere: Icel. sníða; p. sneið (but sníddi also occurs) to cut, prune.] v. á-, be-, ge-, of-, tó-, ymb-sníðan; snǽdan.
sníð-streó[w] carline thistle (?):--Sníthstreó gacila, Txts. 35, 13. Sníðstreó, snídstreó, snídstreú sisca, sista, 97, 1868. Cf. Eoforþrote scisca, 35, 27: scasa ɫ scapa ɫ sisca, Lchdm. iii. 305, col. 1. In Spanish sisca is the cylindrical sugar-cane.
sníðung, e; f. I. a cutting, cut (v. sníðan, I):--Gif ða ómihtan þing sýn útan cumen of wundum oððe of sníþingum oððe of slegum, Lchdm. ii. 82, 22. II. slaying, slaughtering (v. sníðan, IV):--Offrung sacrificium, sníþung mactatio, Wrt. Voc. i. 28, 50. Sníðing, ii. 59, 10.
sníwan; p. de To snow :-- Ic sníwe ninguo, Ælfc. Gr. 28, 5; Zup. 174, 8. Hit sníwþ ningit, 22; Zup. 128, 17. Sníunith, sníuidh ninguit, Txts. 78, 669. Sníweþ, Wrt. Voc. ii. 60, 14. Ðá cwom ðǽr micel snáw and swá miclum sníwde swelce micel flýs feoll, Nar. 23, 13. Norþan sníwde, Exon. Th. 307, 30; Seef. 31. Swá swá hit ríne and sníwe and styrme úte, Bd. 2, 13; S. 516, 17. [Chauc. snewede; p.: Mand. snew; p., and a similar form remains in dialects. O. H. Ger. sníwan: Icel. has a strong form snivinn; pp.] v. be-sníwod.
snóca, an; m. A bend, bay (?):--Of ðære díc on færscmærus westsnócan; of ðam snócan on fúlan mære eástweardnæ from the dike to the western bay of fresh mere; from the bay to the east side of the foul mere, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 344, 33. With some variations the same boundaries are given in a later charter:--De Elmede dych usque ad solemeres westsnok; de solemeres westnok usque ad Horehyrne, iii. 119, 29. [Cf.(?)O. H. Ger. snóh; forestum, nomine bracten snóh, Grff. vi. 839.]
snód, e; f. A snood, fillet, head-dress :-- Snód cappa, Wrt. Voc. ii. 103, 8: 13, 42: capsa (cappa?), 128, 34; cinthium, mitra, 131, 10: vitta, i. 16, 65: 26, 5. Ðá lǽrde hí sum man, ðæt heó náme ǽnne wernægel of sumes oxan hricge, and becnytte tó ánum hringe mid hire snóde . . . Ðá geseah heó licgan ðone hring on ðam wege mid snóde mid ealle . . . Ðá wénde heó ðæt se hring tóburste, oððe seó snód tóslupe, ac ðá ðá heó áfunde . . . ða snóde mid eallum cnottum fæste gewriðen . . ., Homl. Th. ii. 28, 16-26. Snóda vittarum, Hpt. Gl. 526, 57. Wæs ðæm deóre se hrycg ácæglod swelce snóda (snide?) belua serrato tergo, Nar. 20, 27.
snofl mucus, snivel :-- Wið langum sáre ðæs heáfdes þurh horh oððe þurh snofl, Lchdm. ii. 24, 4. v. next word.
snoflig; adj. Full of snivel, having a cold in the head :-- Hiemps ys winter, hé byþ ceald and wǽt. . . Swá byþ se ealda man ceald and snoflig; flegmata, ðæt byþ hraca oððe geposu, deriaþ ðam ealdan and ðam unhálan, Anglia viii. 299, 36.
snoru, e; f. A daughter-in-law :-- Snoro nurus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 115, 3: 83, 83. Snoru, 73, 52: 60, 49: i. 52, 10. Snoru, snora, Ælfc. Gr. 11; Zup. 79, 18. Swegr on hyre snore and snoru on hyre swegere, Lk. Skt. 12, 53. Sc̃a Maria is Godfæder snoru and Godes suna módur and háligra sáuwla sweger, Shrn. 118, 6. Hió genom hiere snore, Alexandres láfe, Ors. 3, 11; Swt. 148, 18. [O. Frs. snore: O. H. Ger. snura: Icel. snor.]
snot mucus, from the nose, snot [found in the compound ge-snot:--Wið gesnote and geposum, Lchdm. ii. 54, 17. O. Frs. snotte: M. H. Ger. snuz: Dan. snot]. v. snýtan.
Snotinga-hám Nottingham :-- Hér fór se ilca here innan Mierce tó Snotengahám (Snotinghám, MS. E.), Chr. 868; Erl. 72, 21. Fór hé tó Snotingahám and gefór ða burg and hét hié gebétan and gesettan ǽgðer ge mid Engliscum mannum ge mid Deniscum, 922; Erl. 108, 30. Hér Eádmund cyning Myrce geeode, burga fífe, . . . Snotingahám . . ., 942; Erl. 116, 13.
Snotingahám-scír, e; f. Nottinghamshire, Chr. 1016; Erl. 154, 8.
snotor, snottor (-er, -ur); adj. Prudent, wise, sagacious :-- Snotor prudens, Wrt. Voc. i. 47, 35. Snoter, 76, 12. Cwom Daniel tó dóme, se wæs snotor, Cd. Th. 225, 8; Dan. 151. Nis nǽnig swá snotor . . . ne ðæs swá gleáw, nymþe God seolfa, 286, 8; Sat. 349. Á sceal snotor hycgean ymb ðysse worulde gewinn, Menol. Fox 570; Gn. C. 54: Beo. Th. 1656; B. 826. Snotur, Ps. Th. 118, 23. Ðæs snottor in sefan ðæt hé ána mǽge ealle geríman stánas on eorðan, Cd. Th. 205, 19; Exod. 438. Fród wita, snottor ár, Exon. Th. 313, 18; Mód. 2. Swá cwæð snottor on móde, gesæt him sundor æt rúne, 293, 4; Wand. iii. Rǽdum snottor, wís on gewitte, Andr. Kmbl. 938; An. 469. Se wítga snottor searuþancum, Elen. Kmbl. 2377; El. 1190. Se snotera, Beo. Th. 2631; B. 1313. Snotra, 6231; B. 3120. Snottra, 3577; B. 1786. Salomon se snottra, Past. 4; Swt. 37, 16. Seó snotere mægð, Judth. Thw. 23, 17; Jud. 125. Snottrum men snǽd óðglídeþ, Salm. Kmbl. 803; Sal. 401. Háligne wer and snotorne virum sanctum et sapientem, Bd. 3, 23; S. 554, 9. Ðú mé snoterne gedydest prudentem me fecisti, Ps. Th. 118, 98. Ðone snoteran Salomon, Ælfc. T. Grn. 7, 28. Mín sóðfæste snotere bídaþ me expectaverunt justi, Ps. Th. 141, 9. Snotre men, 57, 4. Snotre urbana, Hpt. Gl. 481, 40. Snottere selerǽdend, Andr. Kmbl. 1317; An. 659. Snottre and unwíse, Blickl. Homl. 107, 11. Snottre ceorlas, Beo. Th. 3187; B. 1591. Hwylc is wísra, wel snotera, Ps. Th. 106, 42. Engla werod snotra, Hy. 3, 16. Snoterra mon, Salm. Kmbl. 502; Sal. 251. Gomol snoterost, fyrngeárum fród, Menol. Fox 482; Gn. C. 11. Ðú oferswíþdest ðone snotrestan helwerena cyning, Exon. Th. 275, 1; Jul. 543. Burgsittendum ðám snoterestum, Elen. Kmbl. 553; El. 277. Ða ðe hé wíseste and snotereste wiste quos sapientiores noverat, Bd. 2, 9; S. 512, 11. [Þet folc bið iseli þurh snoterne biscop, O. E. Homl. i. 117, 19. Uþwitess unndersstodenn þurrh snoterr gyn, Orm. 7087. Goth. snutrs: O. H. Ger. snot[t]ar prudens: Icel. snotr.] v. fore-, forþ-, gearo-, hyge-, mód-, rǽd-, þanc-, un-, word-, woruld-snotor; snytre.
snotor-líc; adj. Wise, prudent, philosophical :-- On snoterlícum lárum in philosophicis dogmatibus, Hpt. Gl. 459, 63. [Icel. snotr-ligr.]
snotorlíce; adv. Wisely, prudently, philosophically :-- Snotorlíce sapienter, Ps. Lamb. 46, 8. Snotorlíce (snotur-, Rush.) ɫ wíslíce sapienter, Mk. Skt. Lind. 12, 34. Uton ðás þing geþencean swíþe snotorlíce & wíslíce, Blickl. Homl. 97, 1. Snotorlíce academice, Wrt. Voc. i. 61, 27. Ne hýrde ic snotorlícor guman þingian, Beo. Th. 3689; B. 1842. [O. H. Ger. snotarlíhho: Icel. snotr-liga.] v. un-snotorlíce.
snotorness, e; f. Prudence, wisdom, sagacity:--Prudentia, ðæt ys snoternys, Wulfst. 247, 15: Homl. Skt. i. 1, 157. Hí (the innocents) wǽron gehwǽde and ungewittige ácwealde, ac hí árísaþ on ðam gemǽnelícum dóme mid fullum wæstme and heofenlícere snoternysse, Homl. Th. i. 84, 23. Snotornesse ɫ wísdóm sapientiam, Ps. Lamb. 48, 4. Salomon gesette þreó béc þurh his snoternesse, Ælfc. T. Grn. 7, 36.
snotor-wyrde; adj. Prudent or wise of speech :-- Herodes wearð gewréged tó ðam cásere . . . hé wæs snotorwyrde tó ðan swíðe, ðæt se cásere hine mid máran wurðmynte ongeán ásende, Homl. Th. i. 80, 9. Sum man wæs geháten Mercurius on lífe, se wæs swýðe fácenfull and ðeáh full snotorwyrde, Wulfst. 107, 1.
snúd swiftness, quickness :-- Ús bær naca, snellíc sǽmearh, snúde bewunden (possessed by swiftness), Andr. Kmbl. 534; An. 267.
snúd; adj. Coming at once, coming soon or suddenly :-- Biþ ǽghwylcum synwyrcendra on ða snúdan tíd (the day of judgment, which was to come suddenly, cf. Matt. 24, 39; or to come soon?), Exon. Th. 52, 32; Cri. 842. v. next word.
snúde; adv. At once, quietly, directly :-- Snúde denuo, Jn. Skt. Lind. Rush. 3, 3. Gangaþ snúde go directly, Elen. Kmbl. 625; El. 313: 307; El. 154. Hét hine snúde eft cuman bade him quickly return, Beo. Th. 3743; B. 1869. Se wyrm gebeáh snúde tósomne, 5129; B. 2568. Snúde forsended, 1812; B. 904: Exon. 231, 12; Ph. 488: Judth. Thw. 22, 8; Jud. 55: 23, 17; Jud. 125. Wearþ snellra werod snúde gegearewod, 24, 21; Jud. 199. Mec Dryhten hét snúde gesecgan, Exon. Th. 144, 10; Gú. 676. Snúde cýðan, 19, 7; Cri. 297: Elen. Kmbl. 890; El. 446: 3947; B. 1971: 4639; B. 2325. Ic snúde gefrægn, 5497; B. 2752. [Cf. Icel. ganga snúðigt to walk fast.]
snyrian, snyring. v. snirian, sniring.
[snýtan to clear the nose. (Prompt. Parv. snytyn̄ a nese or a candyl emungo, mungo. Snite, snyte in this sense remains in several dialects. O. H. Ger. snúzan emungere, nasum purgare: Icel. snýta.) v. snýting, snot.]
snyðian to go as a dog with its nose to the ground (?):--Neb is mín niþerweard . . . ic snyþige forð (it is a plough that speaks), Exon. Th. 403, 12; Rä. 22, 6. [Icel. snyðja to go sniffing like a dog, but applied also to the going of ships, and other things.]
snýting, e; f. A clearing of the nose, sneezing :-- Snýtingc vel fneósung sternutatio vel sternutamentum, Wrt. Voc. i. 46, 20. [Prompt. Parv. snytynge of a nose or candyl munctura, emunctura.] v. snýtan.
snytre; adj. Wise :-- Se ðe sigor seleþ snytrum mihtum, and ðín mód trymeþ godcundum gifum, Cd. Th. 170, 6; Gen. 2808. v. snotor.
snytrian; p. ode To be or to become wise :-- Hwæt is se dumha, se ðe swíðe snyttraþ, hafaþ seofon tungan, hafaþ tungena gehwylc .xx. orda, hafaþ orda gehwylc engles snytro, Salm. Kmbl. 459; Sal. 230. Snytrian philosophari, Hpt. Gl. 527, 63.
snytro, snyttro, snytero(u); indecl. in sing.; pl. is used with the same force as sing.; f. Prudence, wisdom, sagacity :-- Snytru sapientia, Mk. Skt. Lind. Rush. 6, 2. Hwǽr com heora snyttro what has become of their wisdom? Blickl. Homl. 99, 31. Wera snytero, Cd. Th. 295, 25; Sat. 492. Se þurh snytro spéd smiðcræftega wæs, 66, 14; Gen. 1084. Ic eom gewis ðínra mægena and snytro, Lchdm. i. 326, 4. Snyttro, Elen. Kmbl. 586; El. 293. Hié ðære snytro gelýfdon, Cd. Th. 217, 25; Dan. 28. Full mið snyttro (snytrum, Rush.) plenus sapientia, Lk. Skt. Lind. 2, 40, Ealle ðú mid snyteru worhtest omnia in sapientia fecisti, Ps. Th. 103, 23. Wísdóm ɫ snytro sapientiam, Ps. Spl. 18, 8. Ic ðé gelǽrde swelce snytro swylce manegum ieldran gewittum oftogen is, Bt. 8; Fox 24, 28. Snyttro, 7, 3; Fox 20, 11. Þurh his godcundemeht and þurh his écean snyttro, Blickl. Homl. 121, 16. Tó héranne snytro (snyttro, Rush.) Salomones, Mt. Kmbl. 12, 42. Þurh sefan snyttro, Past. pref.; Swt. 9, 10: Exon. Th. 28, 5; Cri. 442. Beoran on breóstum sibbe and snytero, Cd. Th. 277, 19; Sat. 207. Ealle heora snytru beóþ forglendred omnis sapientia eorum devorata est, Ps. Th. 106, 26. Spræc sunu Arones snytra gemyndig, Cd. Th. 148, 28; Gen. 2463. Snyttra, Exon. Th. 304, 30; Fä. 78. Þurh snyttra cræft, Andr. Kmbl. 1261; An. 631. Ðara ðe geóce tó him séceþ mid snytrum, 2307; An. 1155. On snytrum in sapientia, Ps. Th. 89, 14. Mid módes snyttrum, Beo. Th. 3416; B. 1706. Snyttrum wisely, prudently, Andr. Kmbl. 1292; An. 646. Ðeáh ánra gehwylc hæbbe ða .xii. snyttro Habrahames and Isaces and Iacobes, Salm. Kmbl. 150, 2. Þurh ða snyttra (snyttro, MS. O.) ðe ic fram ðam sóþan Gode onféng per sapientiam mihi a Deo vero donatam, Bd. 2, 13; S. 517, 3. Paulus ðæt lof Gode betǽhte ðe him snytera (snytra, MS. F.) and wísdóm sealde, R. Ben. 4, 6. [Goth. snutrei.] v. ge-, un-snytro.
snytro-cræft (or snytro (gen.) cræft, cf. þurh snyttra cræft, Andr. Kmbl. 1261; An. 631), es; m. Prudent skill, prudence, wisdom :-- Wundra mǽst, ðæt swylc snyttrocræft ǽnges hæleþa hreþer weardade, Exon. Th. 169, 28; Gú. 1101. Se mæg ale secgan, ðam biþ snyttrucræft bifolen on ferhðe, 42, 4; Cri. 667: 239, 18; Ph. 622. Sefan sídne geþanc and snytrocræft, Cd. Th. 249, 27; Dan. 536. Daniel gespræc þurh snyttrocræft, 253, 14; Dan. 595. Ða ðe fyrngewritu þurh snyttrocræft sélest cunnen, Elen. Kmbl. 747; El. 374. Ða ðe snyttrocræft þnrh fyrngewrito gefrigen hæfdon, 308; El. 154. Ðé God sealde sigespéd and snyttrocræft, 2342; El. 1172. Snyttrucræft, Exon. Th. 113, 10; Gú. 155. Nǽnig ðæs swíþe þurh snyttrucræft, 294, 21; Crä. 18. Ælmihtig eácenne gást in sefan sende, snyttrocræftas, Cd. Th. 246, 29; Dan. 486.
snytro-hús, es; n. The house of wisdom :-- Hé ðá swá gelóme wiðsóc snytruhúse repulit tabernaculum Silon, Ps. Th. 77, 60.
soc, es; n. Suck, sucking at the breast:--On ðone dæg ðe man ðæt cild fram soce áteáh in die ablactationis ejus, Gen. 21, 8. [Seseʒ childer of her sok, A. P. 103, 391. Taken awei fro sok, or wenyd, Wick. (Isaiah 11, 8).] v. ge-soc.
socc, es; m. A sock, kind of shoe :-- Socc soccus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 120, 70. Soccas pedules (cf. meó), R. Ben. Interl. 92, 1. [O. H. Ger. soc soccus, caliga, calicula: Icel. sokkr a sock. From Latin.]
socian; p. ode I. to soak (trans.), to steep in a liquid :-- Socodon coquebant, Germ. 399, 378. II. to soak (intrans.), to lie in a liquid :-- Glædenan rinde lytelra gedó þreó pund on glæsfæt, gedó ðonne ðæs scearpestan wínes tó .v. sestras, ásete ðonne on háte sunnan . . . ðæt hit socige .iiii. dagas oþþe má, Lchdm. ii. 252, 11. Dweorge dwostlan weorp on weallende wæter, lǽt socian on lange, 240, 7: iii. 14, 17. v. súcan.
sócn, e; f. I. a seeking, search, exploring. v. land-sócn, sécan, I. 1. II. a seeking, desiring, trying to get. v. mete-sócn, sécan, I. 2. III. a seeking to obtain an end. v. hláford-sócn, sécan, I. 3. IV. a seeking for information, question, inquiry, v. sécan, I. 5:--Be monigum sócnum and frignyssum ða ðe him nýdþearflíce gesewen wǽron de eis quae necessariae videbantur quaestionibus, Bd. 1, 27; S. 488, 33. V. a seeking, visiting of a place, attendance at a place, resort. v. cyric-sócn, sécan, II. 2:--Wé úre synna georne bétan mid fæstene and mid ælmessan and mid ciriclícere sócne (with going to church), Wulfst. 134, 17. Ðá tówende se biscop ðæt weofod and ða dwollícan sócne mid ealle ádwæscte (put an end to the resorting to the place, which had been supposed erroneously to be holy), Homl. Th. ii. 508, 5. Ic cýþe ðæt ic nelle sócne habban tó mínum híréde ðone ðe mannes blód geóte ǽr hé hæbbe godcunde bóte underfangen . . . I declare that I will not that he who sheds man's blood have resort to my court before he have undertaken ecclesiastical 'bót' . . ., L. Edm. S. 4; Th. i. 248, 22. [Cf. From sócne þes folkes free from the resort of the people,) Laym. 2365. Sookne or custom of hauntynge frequentacio, concursus, Prompt. Parv. 463, col. 2. Gret soken hadde this meller With whete and malt of al the londe aboute, Chauc.Reeve's T. 67.] VI. a seeking for protection or a place so sought, refuge, sanctuary, asylum, (1) in a general sense:--Ic séce sócne refugio, of ðam is refugium sócn, Ælfc. Gr. 28, 6; Zup. 179, 13-14. Ðǽr se freónd wunaþ on ðære sócne ðe ic ða sibbe wið hine healdan wille, Exon. Th. 145, 1; Gú. 688. (2) as a technical term in reference to the protection afforded by a church or by the king's court, etc. v. ciric-, friþ-sócn:--Gif hwilc þeóf oþþe reáfere gesóhte ðone cing oþþe hwylce cyrican and ðone biscop, hé hæbbe nigon nihta fyrst. And gif hé ealderman oþþe abbud oþþe þegen séce, hæbbe þreora nihta fyrst. And gif hine hwá lecge binnan ðæm fyrste, ðonne gebéte hé ðæs mundbyrde ðe hé ǽr sóhte, oþþe hé hine twelfa sum ládige, ðæt hé ða sócne nyste. And séce hé swylce sócne swylce hé séce, ðæt hé ne sý his feores wyrðe bútan swá feola nihta swá wé hér cwǽdon, L. Ath. iv. 4; Th. i. 224, 2. Be ciricena sócnum. Gif hwá ðara mynsterháma hwelcne for hwelcre scylde geséce ðe cyninges feorm tó belimpe oþþe óðerne frióne hiéréd ðe árwyrðe sié, áge hé þreora nihta fierst him tó gebeorganne, L. Alf. pol. 2; Th. i. 60, 22. Cf. Si fur qui furatus est postquam concilium fuit apud Ðunresfeld, vel furetur, nullo modo vita dignus habeatur, non per socnam, non per pecuniam, si per verum reveletur in eo, L. Ath. iii. 6; Th. i. 218, 30. VII. a seeking with hostile intent, an attack, v. hám-sócn, sécan, III:--Ic ðære sócne (the hostility of Grendel) singales wæg módceare micle, Beo. Th. 3558; B. 1777. VIII. as a legal term, frequently in connection with sacu. Kemble says:'Sócn is inquisitio, the preliminary and initiative in Sacu, in other words the right of investigating, necessary to and a part of power of holding plea,' Cod. Dip. Kmbl. i. xlv. But from a Latin version of a charter it would seem that sócn was the power of seeking or levying fines; the English 'Ic an heom ðæt hý habben saca and sócna' is rendered by 'cedens ut habeant privilegium tenendi curiam ad causas cognoscendas et dirimendas lites inter vasallos et colonos suos ortas, cum potestate transgressores et calumniae reos mulctis afficiendi easque levandi,' iv. 202, 7. Other instances of the occurrence of the word, whose Latin form is often soca, are the following:--Ic habbe gegeofen . . . Ælfwine abbod saca and sócna (sacam et socam, Lat.) . . . And ic wylle ðæt seó sócne (soca, Lat.) wiðinnen Bichámdíc licge intó Ramesége on eallen þingen swá full swá ic heó méseolf áhte . . . and se abbod and ða gebróðra intó Ramsége habben ða sócne (socam) ofer heom . . . And in ǽlcer[e] scíre ðǽr sanctus Benedictus hafþ land inne [habbe hé] his saca and his sócne . . . swá hwylc man swá ða sócne áhe, Sanctus Benedictus habbe his freódóm on eallen þingen, 208, 19-209, 14. Mórtún and eal seó sócna ðe ðǽrtó héreþ, vi. 148, 36. Ne gyrne ic ðínes ne sace ne sócne I desire nothing of yours, neither your privileges nor your rights, L. O. 14; Th. i. 184, 16. Cyninges þegenes heregeata ðe his sócne hæbbe, L. C. S. 72; Th. i. 414, 16. Nán man náge náne sócne ofer cynges þegen búton cyng sylf, L. Eth. iii. 11; Th. i. 296, 23. [Þe reue of Rotland sokene, Piers P. 2, 110. Goth. sókns quaestio: O. H. Ger. sóhni inquisitio: Icel. sókn an attack; as a law-term, an action, prosecution; an assemblage of people at church, etc.; a parish (Dan. sogn).] v. cyric-, friþ-, hám-, hláford-, land-, mete-, scip-sócn.
Sodoma, Sodome, an; or indecl. The town of Sodom :-- Ða cininingas of Sodoman and Gomorran . . . on ðám burgum Sodoma and Gomorra, Gen. 14, 10, 11. Hé eardode on ðære byrig Sodoma, 13, 12. Hig eodon tó Sodoman weard, 18, 22. On dære byrig Sodoman, 18, 26. On Sodoman weallsteápe burg, Cd. Th. 145, 6; Gen. 2401. Woldon Sodome burh werian, 119, 6; Gen. 1975.
Sodome; pl. The people of Sodom :-- Hí lǽrdon hira synna swá swá Sodome dydon . . . Gif Sodome hira synna hǽlen, Past. 55; Swt. 427, 28. Sodoma lande (eorðe Sodominga, Rush.), Mt. Kmbl. 10, 15. On Sodomum (Sodomingum, Rush.), 11, 23.
Sodomingas. v. preceding word.
Sodomisc; adj. Of Sodom :-- Sodomisc cynn, Cd. Th. 116, 12; Gen. 1935. Used as a noun, sodomita:--Sodomisce .vii. geár fæston sodomitae .vii. annos jejunent, L. Ecg. P. iv. 68, 5; Th. ii. 228, 16.
Sodomitisc; adj. Of Sodom :-- Ða Sodomitiscan menn, Gen. 13, 13. Sodomitiscra cining, 14, 17: 18, 20.
Sodom-ware; pl. The people of Sodom :-- Cómon Sodomware, Cd. Th. 148, 4; Gen. 2451: 120, 18; Gen. 1996. Búton Sodomwarum ánum, Blickl. Homl. 79, 10.
sófte (sóft?); adj. Soft :-- Sófte suavis, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 28; Zup. 54, 5. I. soft (of sleep), quiet, undisturbed :-- Ic sóftum slǽpe mé gereste, Homl. Th. i. 566, 22. II. soft, luxurious :-- Ne hé ne cume on wearmum bæðe ne on sóftum bedde, L. Ælfc. C. 11; Th. ii. 280, 22. On ðam sóftum baðe, Homl. Skt. i. 11, 231. III. gentle, not harsh, not stern, v. sófte, III [ :--He wæs swíðe gód and sófte man and dyde mycel tó góde, Chr. 1114; Erl. 244, 38. Hé milde man was and sófte and gód, 1137; Erl. 261, 31.] v. séfte.
sófte; cpve. sóftor, séft; adv. Softly, gently :-- Sófte suaviter, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Zup. 228, 6: gradatim, Wrt. Voc. ii. 41, 37: pedetemtim, 81, 39: sensim, 120, 41. Ðone sófte langan morosam, 32, 6. I. of sleep, rest, etc., softly, quietly, without disturbance :-- Hé sófte swæf, Cd. Th. 12, 2; Gen. 179. Reste hé hine sófte, Lchdm. ii. 292, 7: Ps. Th. 77, 65. II. calmly, at ease, without trouble :-- Ðǽr mé sófte byþ, ðǽr ic beó fægere beþeaht fiðerum ðínum, Ps. Th. 60, 3. Hié sófte ðæs bidon, Exon. Th. 10, 3; Cri. 146. Hí willniaþ manifeald earfoþe tó þrowianne, for ðam ðe hí willniaþ mǽran áre mid Gode tó habbanne, ðonne ða habbaþ ðe sóftor libbaþ, Bt. 39, 10; Fox 228, 17: Shrn. 163, 20. Ðæt ic ðý séft mǽge mín álǽtan líf and leódscipe that with mind the more at ease I may relinquish life and people, Beo. Th. 5492; B. 2749. III. gently, not harshly :-- Ðú sófte wealdest gesceafta, Met. 20, 7. Ðú sófte gedést, ðæt hí ðé selfne gesión móten, 20, 272. IV. without discord :-- Gebunden gesiblíce sófte tógædere, Met. 20, 68. V. easily, without opposition :-- Ne sceole gé swá sófte sinc gegangan, ús sceal ord and ecg ǽr geséman, Byrht. Th. 133, 32; By. 59. [O. Sax. sáfto: O. H. Ger. samfto facile.] v. un-sófte.
sóftness, e; f. Softness, ease; in a bad sense, luxury, effeminacy :-- Heora fela wǽron mid olfendes hǽrum tó líce gescrýdde, and ðǽr láðode sóftnys, Homl. Th. ii. 506, 24. Mid sóftnysse and mid yfelum lustum, i. 270, 5: Homl. As. 15, 59. Ða ðe ðǽr (in heaven) singaþ ne swincaþ on ðam sange, ac mid sóftnysse bútan geswince hí heriaþ ðone Hǽlend, 43, 470. Sóftnysse luxuriam, Germ. 401, 19.
sogoþa, an; m. I. hiccough, heartburn (?):--Gyf men sý sogoþa getenge oððe hwylc innan-gundbryne . . . ðonne wéne ic ðæt hyt him wel fremie ge wið sogoðan ge wið ǽghwylcum incundum earfoðnyssum Lchdm. i. 196, 16-21. Of hómena stiéme and of wlætan cymþ eágna mist and sió scearpnes and sogoþa ðæt déþ wið ðon is ðis tó dónne the acidity and heartburn (?) cause that against which this is to be done, ii. 28, 1. Wið sogoþan and geohsan ðe of milte cymþ, 248, 1. Ne yrne he ðe læs hé mid ðæs rynes éðgunge hwylcne wleattan and sogeðan on his heortan ne ástyrige lest the running cause nausea or give him heartburn (?): the Latin version has 'ut non scurilitas inveniat fomitem,' R. Ben. 68, 3. II. gastric juice (?) :--Lǽcedómas ðe gefóge sind ge heáfde ge heortan and wambe and blǽdran and sogeþan, Lchdm. ii. 166, 3. v. ælf-sogoþa, súgan.
sóhþa? Sochtha glosses iota, Wrt. Voc. ii. 112, 4. The word is written sohctha, 45, 72. Somner suggests ioctha.
sol a sole (?), 'a collar of wood, put round the neek of cattle to confine them to the stelch. "A bow about a beestes necke." Palsgrave.' Halliwell. 'Sole, a rope or halter to tie cattle in the stall,' Kennett's Parochial Antiquities. Among 'husbandlie furniture' Tusser gives 'soles, fetters, and shackles [cf. however sál.]:--Sol orbita, Wrt. Voc. ii. 65, 6.
sol, es; n.: solu, we, e; f. Mire or a miry place [Halliwell gives soul, sole=a dirty pond, as a Kentish word]:--Sol volutabrum, Wrt. Voc. i. 37, 22. On grǽgsole burnan; andlang burnan on grǽgsole hagan, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 336, 24. Wið Heortsolwe, iii. 391, 32. Of ðam wylle on ðæt heorotsol; of ðam heorotsole, ii. 249, 37. In ða heortsole; of ðære sole, iii. 380, 6. On ðæt sol; of ðan sole on ða ealdan strǽte, Cod. Dip. B. i. 518, 40. Sole volutabro, Wrt. Voc. ii. 97, 17. Tó sole ɫ fýlþe ad volutabrum, Hpt. Gl. 477, 70. Seomode on sole sídfæðmed scip, Beo. Th. 609; B. 302. Sió sugu hí wile sylian on hire sole æfter ðæm ðe hió áþwægen biþ, Past. 54; Swt. 419, 27. Gif swín eft filþ on ðæt sol, Swt. 421, 3. Þonon ðæt cume in ða reádan sole, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 375, 8. In reádan solo, Txts. 431, 6. Ad stagnum quendam cujus vocabulum est Ceabban solo, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 388, 2. Tó Higsolon; of Higsolon, 219, 3. Swín simle willnaþ licgan on fúlum solum . . . ðeáh hí beswemde weorþon, ðonne sleáþ hé eft on ða solu and bewealwiaþ þǽron, Bt. 37, 4; Fox 192, 26-29. [Cf. sol; adj. filthy :-- Wule a sol cloð et one cherre beon hwit iwaschen? A. R. 324, 1. His (the priest's) alter cloð great and sole, and hire (the priest's concubine's) chemise smal and hwit; and te albe sol, and hire smoc hwit, Rel. Ant. i. 129. Solwy dirty, Wrt. Voc. i. 171, 41. O. H. Ger. sol volutabrum.] v. Sol-mónaþ, solian, sylu, sylian.
sól, e; f. (?) The sun :-- Ne ðé sunne on dæge sól ne gebærne per diem sol non uret te, Ps. Th. 120, 6. [Goth. sauil; n.: Icel. sól; f.] v. sunne.
solate, solcen, solen, solere. v. sólsece, a-, be-solcen, solu, solor.
solian; p. ode To make or to become foul :-- Searo hwít solaþ sumur hát cólaþ eorðmægen ealdaþ ellen cólaþ the armour or implement that was bright grows rusty, summer that was hot grows cool, earthly might grows old, strength grows chill, Exon. Th. 354, 57; Reim. 67. [Cf. Nis noht so hot þat hit na coleþ, ne noht so hwit þat hit ne soleþ, O. and N. 1276. O. H. Ger. bi-, gi-solót made filthy.] v. sol, sylian.
Sol-mónaþ, es; m. The old name for February :-- Ðonne se Solmónaþ biþ geendod, ðonne biþ seó niht feówertýne tída lang and se dæg týn tída, Shrn. 59, 2. Solmónaþ sígeþ tó túne, Februarius, Menol. Fox 31; Men. 16. [The first part of the compound is of doubtful meaning. Bede says, 'Solmónaþ dici potest mensis placentarum, quas in eo diis suis [Angli] offerebant;' but there is no word sol=placenta, unless it be found in the gloss panibus sol, Epinal Glossary, ed. Sweet, p. 21 a, 11. Kluge takes the word to be sól=sun, and observes 'die form des kuchens war für die benennung massgebend,' Engl. Stud. viii. 479. Sol=mire would give a name that suggests the later February fill-dyke, and would not be inappropriate. The form sille, selle is found in some L. G. dialects, and also sporkel, which may be connected with spurcalia. See Grimm, Gesch. D. S. c. vi.]
solor, soler[e?], es; m. An upper chamber, a soler. v. Halliwell's Dict.:--Ic wilnige ðætte ðeós sprǽc stigge on ðæt ingeþonc ðæs leorneres suǽ suǽ on sume hlǽdre óððæt hió fæstlíce gestonde on ðæm solore ðæs módes until it stand firmly in the upper chamber of the mind, Past. proem.; Swt. 23, 18. Se fugel ofer heánne beám hús getimbreþ, and gewícaþ ðǽr sylf in ðam solere in that upper chamber (its nest), Exon. Th. 212, 2; Ph. 204. [Soler solarium, Wrt. Voc. i. 178, 12. Solere, 273, col. 2. Solere or lofte solarium, hectheca, Prompt. Parv. 464 (see note). Garytte, hey solere specula, 187. Wicklif (Jos. 2, 6) uses the word for the flat roof of a house. O. Sax. soleri an upper room (Mk. 14, 14). O. H. Ger. soleri, solær solarium, coenaculum: Ger. söller. From Lat. solarium.]
sólsece, sólosece, an; f. Heliotrope :-- Sólsece vel sigelhwerfe solsequium vel heliotropium, Wrt. Voc. i. 30, 30. Sólsæce solsequium, 79, 15. Ðás wyrte ðe man solate and óðrum naman sólosece nemneþ, Lchdm. i. 178, 21. Cf. sólesege solata, iii. 305, col. 1. Halliwell gives solsekille.
solu, an, e (?); f. A sole, a sandal :-- Solen soleae, Wrt. Voc. i. 26, 18. [Goth. sulja a sandal: O. H. Ger. sola, pl. solun, sola solea, sandallo, planta. From Lat. solea.]
sóm, e; f. I. agreement, concord :-- Beó eallum mannum sibb and sóm gemǽne, and ǽlc sacu tótwǽmed, L. Eth. vi. 25; Th. i. 320, 28: L. C. E. 17; Th. i. 370, 10: Wulfst. 118, 3. Ðám dómbócum ðe se heofonlíca Wealdend his folce gesette tó sóme and tó sehtnesse, Homl. Th. ii. 198, 19. Tó sibbe and tó sóme, Chart. Th. 231, 35. Hé sceal beón symle ymbe sóme and ymbe sibbe he shall ever be engaged in promoting concord and peace, L. I. P. 7; Th. ii. 312, 13. Sibbe and sóme lufie man georne, Wulfst. 73, 16. II. the bringing about of concord, reconciliation, adjustment of differences :-- Nán sacu ðe betweox preóstan s ne beó gescoten tó woroldmanna sóme no dispute between priests shall be referred to the adjustment of secular men, L. Edg. C. 7; Th. ii. 246, 4. Bisceopum gebyraþ, gyf ǽnig óðrum ábelge, ðæt man geþyldige óð geférena sóme, L. I. P. 10; Th. ii. 316, 35. III. an agreement, arrangement of a matter in dispute:--Ús eallan ðe æt ðære sóme wǽran, Chart. Th. 171, 1. v. un-sóm; séman, ge-sóm.
són, es; m. A musical sound, music vocal or instrumental:--Nán neát nyste nǽnne andan tó óþrum for ðære mergþe ðæs sónes . . . Hé wæs oflyst ðæs seldcúþan sónes (the music of Orpheus' harp), Bt. 35, 6; Fox 168, 11, 23. Ða hearpan strengas se hearpere sníðe ungelíce tiéhþ and styreþ and mid ðý gedéþ ðæt hí náwuht ungelíce ðæm sóne ne singaþ ðe hé wilnaþ chordas tangendi artifex, ut non sibimetipsi dissimile canticum faciat, dissimiliter pulsat, Past. 23; Swt. 175, 8. Gif hit mycel geférǽden is sýn hý (the psalms) mid antefene gesungere, gif seó geférǽden lytel is, sýn hý forðrihte bútan sóne gesungene si major congregatio fuerit cum antiphonis, si vero minor in directum psallantur, R. Ben. 41, 9. In efnum sónum iu consonantibus, Mk. Skt. p, 1, 13. Sónas tó singanne on cyricean sonos cantandi in ecclesia, Bd. 4, 2; S. 565, 35. [Icel. sónn. From Latin.]
sóna; adv. Soon, immediately, directly, at once :-- Sóna actutum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 5, 2: 82, 70: extemplo, 31, 45. Hí wǽron sóna deáde they died at once, Bd. 1, 12; S. 481, 22. Lege ðǽrtó, ðonne biþ hit sóna gebét, Lchdm. i. 116, 13: 118, 11. Ǽlc cræft biþ sóna forealdod, Bt. 17; Fox 60, 10. And sóna (statim) gást hine on wésten genýdde, Mk. Skt. 1, 12, 10. Hí ðá sóna forléton hyra nett, Mt. Kmbl. 4, 22. Ðá sóna (continuo) forscranc ðæt fictreów, 21, 19: Cd. Th. 53, 16; Gen. 862. Ðá sóna and hræðe ac[t]utum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 9, 17. Forhwon ne woldest ðú sóna hraþe ða dígolnesse mé cýþan quare non citius hoc compertum mihi revelare voluisti? Bd. 4, 25; S. 601, 21. Se ðe wille wyrcan wæstmbǽre lond, átió of ðæm æcere ǽrest sóna (first of all; cf. ǽrest, Bt. Fox 78, 22) fearn and þornas, Met. 12, 2, 25. Eft sóna again, Soul Kmbl. 134; Seel. 67. Sóna æfter ðæra daga gedréfednesse statim post tribulationem dierum illorum, Mt. Kmbl. 24, 29: Cd. Th. 304, 14; Sat. 630. Sóna ðæs forman geáres ðá Decius féng tó ríce, Homl. Skt. i. 23, 476. Sóna ðæs ðe hé ðam biscopsetle onféng ubi sedem episcopalem accepit, Bd. 1, 33; S. 498, 29. Ðá sóna ðæs ðe ðis fæsten geworht wæs quo mox condito, 1, 12; S. 481, 12. Sóna hraþe ðæs ðe hé biscop geworden wæs mox ut ipse pontificatus officio functus est, 2, 1; S. 501, 34. Sóna ðæt him bet wæs nec mora, melius habere coepit, 3, 13; S. 539, 6. Sóna swá seó sunne sealte streámas oferhlifaþ, swá se fugel of beáme gewíteþ, Exon. Th. 206, 1; Ph. 120. Sóna swá . . ., ðá, Met. 8, 1. [O. Sax. sán, sáno: O. Frs. són, sán: cf. Goth. suns.]
són-cræft, es; m. Music :-- Sóncræft musicam, Anglia xiii. 38, 306.
sopa, an; m. A sup, draught :-- On wearmum wætre drince betonican týn sopan, Lchdm. ii. 134, 22. Súpe cú buteran .viii. morgnas .iii. sopan, 294, 1. [Þer (in hell) is o wateres flod . . . a þusen saulen beoþ bi sore ofþurst . . . ne moten heo biden neuer o sope, Misc. 152, 169. Þyse renkeʒ schul neuer suppe on sope of my seve, Allit. Pms. 41, 108. Icel. sopi a sup, mouthful.] v. súpan.
sopp-cuppe, an; f. A sop-cup, a cup into which sops were put :-- Ic ann mínæn cinæhláfordæ ánræ sopcuppan, Chart. Th. 553, 31: 554, 4. Ic ann Ælfwerdæ ánræ sopcuppan and Æþelwerde ánæs drincæhornæs, 555, 4. Ánæ soppcuppan an þrým pundum, 527, 7. Twá sopcuppan, 522, 22. See Brand's Popular Antiquities, on Nuptial Usages, ii. 84-6, and next word.
soppe (?) a sop. [Soppe offa, soppe in wyne vipa, Prompt. Parv. 465. Cf. vipa a wynsope, offa a ale sope, Wrt. Voc. i. 242, col. 1. Ase is a zop of hot bryead huanne me hit poteþ into wyn, Ayenb. 107, 5. Wel loved he by the morwe a sop in wyn, Chauc. Prol. 334. If he soupeth, he etc but a soppe of spera-in-deo, Piers P. 15, 175. Icel. soppa.] v. preceding word.
soppian to sop :-- Genim hláf, geseóð on gáte meolce, soppige on súþerne [drenc], Lchdm. ii. 228, 31.
sorgian, sorhgian (and sorgan, v. pres. part. sorgende); p. ode, I. to care, be anxious, feel anxiety or care, (a) with a clause:--Hé nalles sorgode hwæðer siððan á Drihten ámetan wolde wrece be gewyrhtum he felt no anxiety as to whether the Lord would ever mete out vengeance according to deserts, Met. 9, 34. Hí lyt sorgodon hwylc him ðæt edleán æfter wurde, Andr. Kmbl. 2456; An. 1229. (b) with preps. ymbe, for:--Hé sorgaþ ymb ða (useless works) and biþ ðara suíðe gemyndig and forgiett his selfes mens fit in exteriorum dispositione sollicita, et sui ignara, Past. 4, 1; Swt. 37, 19. Geþenceaþ ðæt gé winnaþ and á embe ðæt sorgiaþ, ðæt wé úrne líchoman gefyllan, Blickl. Homl. 99, 6. Ða ðe for his lífe lyt sorgedon, Exon. Th. 116, 19; Gú. 209. Nó ðú ymb mínes ne þearft líces feorme leng sorgian, Beo. Th. 907; B. 451. (c) absolute:--Hé sceal winnan and sorgian, ðonne se dæg cume ðæt hé sceole ðæs ealles ídel hweorfan, Blickl. Homl. 97, 25. Sorgiende anxius, Wrt. Voc. i. 287, 67. Sorgende, ii. 6, 66. Hú him woruldmanna seó unclǽne gecynd cearum sorgende hearde ondréde, Exon. Th. 63, 10; Cri. 1017. Sume dæge ðæt hé sorgiende (sollicitus) bád hwonne seó ádl tó him cóme, Bd. 3, 12; S. 537, 6. Ac hwæðere sorhgiende móde geornlíce þohte sed multum solicitus ac sedula mente cogitans, 2, 12; S. 514, 28. II. to sorrow, grieve, be sorry, (a) with preps. ymbe, for, on:--Gif ðú hafast mid ðé wulfes hrycghǽr . . . on síðfæte, bútan fyrhtu ðú ðone síð gefremest, ac se wulf sorgaþ ymbe his síð the wolf will be sorry for his journey, Lchdm. i. 360, 22. Sweþe on ðon sorhgedon ðæt hí ðam láreówe onfón ne woldon ðe hí him tó sendon de non recepto quem miserant predicatore dolentes, Bd. 3, 5; S. 527, 29. Wit hreówige mágon sorgian for his síðe, Cd. Th. 49, 30; Gen. 800. Sorgiende for ðám ermþum, Bt. 38, 1; Fox 196, 7. (b) absolute:--Sorgedon Adam and Eve, and him oft betuh gnornword gengdon, Cd. Th. 47, 24; Gen. 765. Ne sorga, snotor guma, sélre biþ æghwæm ðæt hé his freónd wrece, ðonne hé fela murne, Beo. Th. 2772; B. 1384. Ða woruldáre ðe ðú nú sorgiende ánforléte, Bt. 7, 3; Fox 20, 12: Cd. Th. 22, 28; Gen. 347. Ðǽr mon mæg sorgende folc gehýran hygegeómor, Exon. Th. 55, 28; Cri. 890. Sume ofer sǽ sorgiende (dolentes) gewiton, Bd. 1, 15; S. 484, 7. Him sorgendum sár óðclífeþ, Exon. Th. 77, 35; Cri. 1267. [Goth. saurgan to be anxious; to sorrow: O. Sax. sorgón: O. H. Ger. sorgén: Icel. sorga.] v. be-, for-sorgian.
sorgung, e; f. Sorrowing, grieving, sorrow, grief :-- Ðǽr (in hell) is sorgung and sárgung and á singal heóf, Wulfst. 114, 4.
sorh, sorg, sorhg, e; f. I. care, anxiety :-- Sorg accidia, tedium vel anxietas, Wrt. Voc. ii. 99, 17: cura, 19, 62. Mec sorg dreceþ on sefan, ic ne mæg rǽd áhycgan, Cd. Th. 131, 21; Gen. 2179. Nis mé ðæs deáþes sorg death causes me no anxiety, Exon. Th. 125, 7; Gú. 350. Fréfrigende gesihþe seó him ealle ða nearonesse ðære gemyngedan sorhge áfyrde visionem consolatoriam, quae omnem ei anxietatem memoratae solicitudinis auferret, Bd. 4, 11; S. 579, 34. Ða ðe nǽfre nánne mon buton sorge (securum) ne forlǽtaþ, Bt. 7, 2; Fox 18, 14. Ðæt gé lybbon eówre líf bútan ǽlcre sorge absque ullo pavore, Lev. 25, 18. Ús biþ sibb æfter sorge, Andr. Kmbl. 3134; An. 1570. Ne biþ him on ðám wícum wiht tó sorge there shall be nothing in heaven to came them anxiety, Exon. Th. 238, 29; Ph. 211. Gé mé lyt sorge sealdun ye caused me little care, 121, 13; Gú. 288. Ne ic ðæs deáðes hafu sorge on móde, 166, 12; Gú. 1041: 308, 20; Seef. 42: 376, 33; Seel. 164. Sorgum curis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 19, 63. Heorte mid sorgum gedréfed, Judth. Thw. 22, 31; Jud. 88. Ferhð sorgum ásǽled, Cd. Th. 132, 18; Gen. 2195. II. sorrow, grief, affliction, trouble :-- Ne biþ ðǽr sorg ne wóp, Blickl. Homl. 103, 36. Wát se ðe cunnaþ, hú slíþen biþ sorg tó geféran, Exon. Th. 288, 13; Wand. 30: 288, 30; Wand. 39. Mec sorg bicwom . . . ic bihlyhhan ne þearf siðfæt ðisne, 273, 33; Jul. 525. Ðæt wæs Satane sár tó geþolienne, micel módes sorg, Andr. Kmbl. 3376; An. 1692. Ne frín ðú æfter sǽlum, sorh is geníwod, Beo. Th. 2649; B. 1322: Ps. Th. 118, 28. Sorh is mé tó secganne, hwæt . . . it is a grief to me to tell, what . . ., Beo. Th. 950; B. 473. Se Hǽlend wiste ðæt his gingran wolde unróte beón . . . Wǽron swá manigfealdlíce sorga Cristes þegnum . . . Wæs him micel langung and sorh on heora heortan, ðá hié ðæt ongeáton, ðæt hé leng mid him líchomlíce wunian nolde; hé hié . . . fréfrede for ðære gelómlícan sorge, Blickl. Homl. 135, 14-23. Nú hý ðé willaþ on murnunga gebringan ðonne hié ðé fram hweorfaþ tó hwæm cumaþ hí ðonne elles bútan tó tácnunge sorge[s] and anfealdes sáres si calamitosos fugiens facit, quid est aliud fugax, quam futurae quoddam calamitatis indicium, Bt. 7, 2; Fox 18, 21. Ne hié sorge wiht, weorces wiston; ac hié wel meahton libban, Cd. Th. 49, 1; Gen. 785. Wraðu wíta gehwylces, sæce and sorge, Elen. Kmbl. 2059; El. 1031. Seó hreówsung ne beoþ ná bútan sorge, Bt. 31, 1; Fox 110, 29. Wedera helm æfter Herebealde heortan sorge weallende wæg . . . mid ðære sorge, ðá him sió sár belamp, gumdreám ofgeaf, Beo. Th. 4937; B. 2468. Sægde him tó sorge, ðæt hý ðone grénan wong ofgiefan sceoldan, Exon. Th. 130, 32; Gú. 447: 39, 11; Cri. 620. Gé ðæs næfdon náne sorge (luctum), Past. 32, 1; Swt. 211, 10. Weán cúðon, sár and sorge, Cd. Th. 5, 21; Gen. 75: Beo. Th. 239; B. 119. Ðú his (for it) sorge ne þearft beran on ðínum breóstum, Cd. Th. 45, 28; Gen. 733. Ic ða sorge gemon, hú ic bendum fæst bisga unrím dreág, Exon. Th. 280, 5; Jul. 624. Hyge wearð mongum blissad sáwlum, sorge tóglidene, 71, 31; Cri. 1164. Sorga sárost, 122, 19; Gen. 2029. Sorga mǽst, 308, 22; Sat. 696. Weána gehwylcne, sídra sorga, Beo. Th. 300; B. 149. Holofernus ðe ús monna mǽst morþra gefremede, sárra sorga, Judth. Thw. 24, 10. Sorgna hátost, Exon. Th. 163, 12; Gú. 992. Manna bearn sorgum sáwaþ, 6, 18; Cri. 86. Ne biþ him hyra yrmðu án tó wíte, ac ðara óþerra eád tó sorgum, 79, 22; Cri. 1294. On wíte mid swáte and mid sorgum libban, Cd. Th. 31, 8; Gen. 482. Mid sorgum geswenced, Andr. Kmbl. 231; An. 116. Ǽghwilc man sceolde mid sáre on ðás world cuman, ond hér on sorhgum beón and mid sáre of gewítan, Blickl. Homl. 5, 29. [Goth. saurga sorrow, care: O. Sax. sorga: O. H. Ger. sorga cura, solicitudo, angor, moeror, labor: Icel. sorg care, sorrow.] v. bealo-, cear-, gnorn-, hyge-, inwit-, mód-, nearu-, sin-, torn-, þegn-sorh (-sorg); be-, or-, unbe-sorh; adj.
sorh-byrðen a burden of sorrow, a grievous trouble :-- Ðæt (the drowning of a number of people) wæs sorgbyrðen, Andr. Kmbl. 3063; An. 1534.
sorh-cearig; adj. Having grievous care, oppressed with anxiety or sorrow, anxious, sorrowful :-- Siteþ sorgcearig sǽlum bidǽled, Exon. Th. 379, 4; Deór. 28: 278, 25; Jul. 603: 285, 4; Jul. 709: Beo. Th. 6294; B. 3152. Gesyhþ sorhcearig wínsele wéstne, 4901; B. 2455. Wreclástas settan sorhgcearig, Cd. Th. 276, 15; Sat. 189.
sorh-cearu grievous care, painful anxiety :-- Næs him sorgcearu ðeáh his líc and gǽst hyra somwiste gedǽled(-de ?), Exon. Th. 160, 6; Gú. 939.
sorheriunge infestatione, Wrt. Voc. ii. 45, 43. Read forheriunge. v. for-hergung.
sorh-full; adj. I. full of care or anxiety, careful, anxious, (a) feeling anxiety :-- Seldan snottor guma sorgleás blissaþ swylce dol seldon drýmeþ sorgful ymbe his forðgesceaft nefne hé fǽhþe wite seldom does the prudent man rejoice without anxiety about his future, just as the fool seldom rejoices with trembling, unless he know that hostility (or death? fǽhþe from fǽge?) is near, Exon. Th. 303, 19; Fä. 55. Symble beó gé sorhfulle for eówre sáwle hǽlo ever be ye solicitous for your soul's salvation, L. E. I. prm.; Th. ii. 394, 14. Ðæt hé sorgfulra sié ymb hine selfne ut circa se solicitius vivant, Past. 28, 2; Swt. 191, 19. (b) attended with anxiety, causing anxiety :-- Ðeós woruld is sorhful the present time is full of anxieties, Wulfst. 189, 6. Ne inc ǽnig mon beleán mihte sorhfulne síð (the perilous swimming match of Beowulf and Breca), Beo. Th. 1028; B. 512. II. sorrowful, mournful, sad, (a) feeling sorrow or grief :-- Oft se welega and se wædla habbaþ suá gehweorfed hira þeáwum ðæt se welega biþ eáðmód and sorgfull, and se wædla biþ upáhæfen and selflíce, Past. 26, 2; Swt. 183, 11. Ic eom þearfa and sorhful ego sum pauper et dolens, Ps. Lamb. 68, 30. Sorhfull, Ps. Th. 85, 1. Ic sceal gnornian seóc and sorhful, Cd. Th. 281, 20; Sat. 275. Módor síðode sorhful], sunu deáþ fornam, Beo. Th. 4244; B. 2119. Hig heora synna andetton mid sorhfullum móde, Jud. 10, 10. Hé hafaþ wérige heortan, sefan sorhfulne, Salm. Kmbl. 757; Sal. 378. Ða sorgfullan illi quos caminus paupertatis excoquit, Past. 26, 1; Swt. 183, 4. (b) attended with or causing sorrow, grievous :-- Módor gegán wolde sorhfulne síð, sunu wrecan, Beo Th. 2560; B. 1278. Ða sorhfullan sáule wunde, Ps. C. 50, 141. Adam and Eve in ðás deáðdene drohtað sóhton, sorgfulran gesetu, Exon. Th. 227, 2; Ph. 417. [O. H. Ger. sorg-fol sollicitus: Icel. sorg-fullr.]
sorh-leás; adj. I. free from anxiety or care, secure :-- Sorgleás secura, Rtl. 63, 10: 8, 23: 40, 15. Ic hit ðé geháte, ðæt ðú most sorhleás swefan, ðæt ðú ondrǽdan ne þearft aldorbealu eorlum, Beo. Th. 3348; B. 1672. Ne sculon wé nǽfre sorhleáse beón, ac symble úrne deáðes dæg beforan úres líchoman eágum settan, L. E. I. prm.; Th. ii. 396, 22. Wé gedóþ eów sorhleáse securos vos faciemus, Mt. Kmbl. 28, 14. Þeóf, ðe on þýstre færeþ, sorgleáse hæleð forféhþ, Exon. Th. 54, 24; Cri. 873. Cyning wæs þe sorgleásra (cf. módsorge wæg cyning, 122; El. 61), Elen. Kmbl. 193; El. 97. II. free from sorrow :-- Wé sorgleáse mótan wunigan in wuldre, Exon. Th. 22, 3; Cri. 346.[Icel. sorg-lauss.]
sorhleást, e; f. Security :-- Gif ðú gesihst ðæt ðú on wætere fægere in gá oððe ófer gá, sorhleáste getácnaþ. Gif ðú gesihst ðæt ðú mid swurde bist begyrd, sorhleáste hit getácnaþ, Lchdm. iii. 212, 30-33.
sorh-leóþ, es; n. A sorrowful song, a lay of grief :-- Gesyhþ sorhcearig on his suna búre wínsele wéstne . . . nis ðǽr hearpan swég, gomen in geardum swylce ðǽr iú wǽron. Gewíteþ ðonne, sorhleóð gæleþ, Beo. Th. 4912; B. 2460. Ongunnon ðá (after putting Jesus in the grave) sorhleóð galan, Rood Kmbl. 134; Kr. 67.
sorh-líc; adj. Sorrowful, causing sorrow, grievous, sorry, miserable :-- Hit is eatmlíc and sorhlíc mannum tó gehýranne, eall ðæt man ús foresægþ, Wulfst. 241, 21. Ðonne biþ sorhlíc sár and earmlíc gedál líces and sáwle, 187, 14. Ðonne wyrð ehtnes grimlíc and sorhlíc there shall be persecution cruel and grievous, 89, 16. Stingaþ hine mid sorhlícum sáre on his heortan, 141, 9. Setl his ðú gesettest sorglíc on eorðan sedem ejus in terra collisisti, Ps. Th. 88, 37. [O. H. Ger. sorg-líh: Icel. sorg-ligr.] v. next word.
sorhlíce; adv. Miserably, grievously :-- Herodes hys spere genam, and hyne sylfne ofstang; and hé swá sorhlíce hys lýf geendode, St. And. 34, 7. Ðǽr synd sorhlíce (cf. tó sorge, Dóm. L. 190) tósomne gemencged se þrosmiga lig and se þrece gycela, Wulfst. 138, 25. [Þonne biþ þ̄ soule hus seoruhliche bereaued, Fragm. Phlps. 5, 39. Sorhliche heo gunnen clupien (hii gonne grede, and MS.), Laym. 21883. O. H. Ger. sorglícho: Icel. sorgliga.]
sorh-lufu, e, an; f. Love that is attended with anxiety or sorrow, hapless love :-- Him seó sorglufu slǽp ealle binom, Exon. Th. 378, 14; Deór. 16.
sorh-stæf, es; m. Trouble, care, affliction :-- Æfter sorgstafum, Exon. Th. 282, 8; Jul. 660. Cf. sár-, hearm-stæf.
sorh-wilm, es; m. Violent emotion of anxiety or sorrow :-- Soden sorgwælmum, Exon. Th. 177, 32; Gú. 1236. Sorgwylmum, 166, 21; Gú. 1046. Ic ðæs módceare sorhwylmum seáð, Beo. Th. 3990; B. 1993.
sorh-wíte, es; n. A grievous punishment, torment :-- Ðara sorhwíta mǽst, Wulfst. 187, 2.
sorh-word, es; m. A word expressive of care or sorrow :-- Hié (Adam and Eve) fela sprǽcon sorhworda, Cd. Th. 49, 8; Gen. 789.
sorig; adj. Sorry, grieved :-- Hé biþ suíðe sorig (sárig, Cote. MSS.) dolet, Past. 33; Swt. 227, 8.
soru (?), e; f. A particle of dust, bit of straw :-- Sore (stréu, Rush.) festucam, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 7, 3, 4. v. seár, and cf. (?) Icel. sori dross.
sót, es; n. Soot :-- Sót fuligo, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 3; Zup. 37, 4. Sót fuligo, deorces sótes furvae fuliginis, Hpt. Gl. 504, 6-8. Soote fuligine, Wrt. Voc. ii. 36, 28. Sooth, 109, 46. Meng wið sóte, Lchdm. ii. 76, 8. Meng ðǽrtó sót and sealt and sand, i. 356, 24. [Icel. sót; n.]
sóþ, es; n. Sooth. I. truth in a general sense, conformity with an absolute standard :-- Ðæt is fruma worda ðínra ðæt ðǽr byþ sóð symble méted principium verborum tuorum veritas, Ps. Th. 118, 160. Ðæt his sóð fore ús genge weorðe, Exon. 147, 33; Gú. 736. Swá ic geornlícor ðæt sylfe sóþ sóhte swá ic hit læs métte. Nú ðonne ic ondette ðæt on ðysse láre ðæt sylfe sóþ scíneþ, ðæt ús mæg syllan éces lífes hǽlo, Bd. 2, 13; S. 516, 29-32. Ic on ðínum sóðe gancge ambulabo in veritate tua, Ps. Th. 85, 10. I a. truth, that which conforms to an absolute standard :-- Mid Sigelwarum sóð yppe wearð, dryhtlíc dóm Godes, Apstls. Kmbl. 128; Ap. 64. Ða ðe Godes lage healdaþ and sóþes gelýfaþ, Wulfst. 4, 8. Of eorðan cwom æþelast sóða, Ps. Th. 84, 10. I b. truth, what is true in general:--Se ðe lýhþ oððe ðæs sóðes ansaceþ, Salm. Kmbl. 365; Sal. 182. Hé can him gesceád betweox sóðe and unsóðe, Wulfst. 51, 29. Ic tó sóðe (as a general truth) wát ðæt biþ in eorle indryhten þeáw, ðæt hé his ferðlocan fæste binde, Exon. Th. 287, 9; Wand. 11. II. truth in regard to a particular circumstance, exact conformity with the facts of a case :-- Ðære gesyhþe sóþ (its agreement with what actually occurred) wæs hraþe gecýþed on ðære fǽmnan deáþe, Bd. 4, 8; S. 576, 10. Ðæs gehátes and ðæs wítedómes sóþ se æfterfyligenda becyme ðara wísena geséþde, 4, 29; S. 607, 35. Ne meaht ðú nō mid sóþe getǽlan ðíne wyrd . . . hit is leásung ðæt ðú wénst ðæt ðú seó ungesǽlig, Bt. 10; Fox 28, 1. Is tó ðære tíde tælmet hwíle emne mid sóðe seofon and twentig, Andr. Kmbl. 227; An. 114. II a. truth, fidelity to a promise :-- Hé him gehét his ǽriste, swá hé mid sóðe (in exact accordance with his promise) gefylde, Blickl. Homl. 17, 4. Deópne áð Drihten áswór and ðone mid sóðe getrymede, Ps. Th. 131, 11. Gif hé on sóþe tóweard cyneríce geháteþ, Bd. 2, 12; S. 514, 7. II b truth, reality, certainty, real condition of things, what really is :-- Nú mæg sóð hit sylf gecýþan now can the truth declare itself, Blickl. Homl. 187, 16. Tó lytel andgyt biþ on ðæs mannes heortan ðe nele sóðes gelýfan, ðéh hé sylf his ágenum eágum eal ne gesáwe, Wulfst. 3, 20: 93, 22. Gé mengan ongunnon lyge wið sóðe, Elen. Kmbl. 613; El. 307. Gé wiðsócon sóðe, ðæt in Bethleme bearn cenned wǽre, 780; El. 390. Gif hit man tó sóðe ongite if it is known as a fact, Deut. 17, 4. Ic tó sóþe wát, Exon. Th. 275, 9; Jul. 547. Men ne cunnon secgan tó sóðe men cannot certainly say, Beo. Th. 101; B. 51. Secge ic ðé tó sóðe, ðæt. . ., 1184; B. 590. Gif ðú him tó sóðe sægst if you tell him it as a fact, Cd. Th. 36, 11; Gen. 570. Ic feówer men geseó tó sóðe I really see four men, 242, 8; Dan. 416. Syle mé ða tó sóðe give me it really, Ps. Th. 118, 144. Ic wát ðæt ðú sóþ segst, Bt. 26, 1; Fox 92, 8: Jn. Skt. 19, 15. Hé á tó ǽghwylcum sóð sprecende wæs, Blickl. Homl. 223, 29. Ðeáh gé ða ǽ cúðon, gé ne woldon sóð oncnáwan, Elen. Kmbl. 790; El. 395. Bútan ðú forlǽte ða leásunga and mé sweotollíce sóð gecýðe, 1377; El. 690. Ðeáh ic ðæt sóð tó late gecneówe, 1412; El. 708. Hwæðer mon sóð ðe lyge sagaþ, Exon. Th. 80, 15; Cri. 1307. Wite ðú for sóð be certain of this, Bt. 7, 3; Fox 20, 17. Nǽni eft cymeþ ðe dæt for sóð mannum secge, hwylc sý Meotodes gesceaft, Menol. Fox 590; Gn. C. 64. Ic eów fela wille sóða gesecgan, Exon. Th. 116, 30; Gú. 215. II c. affirmation of truth, asseveration :-- Preóst hine clǽnsie sylfæs sóðe ðus cweðende: Veritatem dico in Xp̃o, non mentior, L. Win. 18; Th. i. 40, 14. III. truth, conformity with right, righteousness, equity, justice :-- Hú ic míne heortan heólde mid sóðe justificavi cor meum, Ps. Th. 72, 11. Ic sóð déme ego justitiam judicabo, 74, 2. Ðæt mǽre sóð justitiam tuam, 70, 18. Suna cynincges syle ðæt hé sóð healde justitiam tuam da filio regis, 71, 1. Se ðe his sóþ and riht symble healdeþ justus, 111, 6. Gif wé sóþ and riht on úrum lífe dón willaþ, Blickl. Homl. 129, 32. Se ðe sóð and riht fremeþ on folce, Beo. Th. 3405; B. 1700. Snyttra brúceþ ðe warnaþ him wommas worda and dǽda and sóþ fremeþ, Exon. Th. 304, 35; Fä. 80. Hié firendǽda tó frece wurdon sóð ofergeáton, Drihtnes dómas, Cd. Th. 155, 32; Gen. 2581. [O. Sax. sóð.] v. un-sóþ, and next word.
sóþ; adj. Sooth, very, true. I. the opposite of that which is false, or merely pretends, or has the appearance of, genuine, real :-- Ðæt hí oncnáwon ðæt ðú eart án sóþ God ut cognoscant te solum Deum verum, Jn. Skt. 17, 3. Hé wæs sóþ man, ðý hine dorste deófol costian, swylce hé wæs sóþ God, ðý him englas þegnedon, Blickl. Homl. 33, 33. Ðes is sóð wítega, Jn. Skt. 7, 40. Sóð leóht wæs erat lux vera, 1, 9: 15, 1. Ǽlc sóþ wela and sóþ weorþscipe sindon míne ágne þeówas, Bt. 7, 3; Fox 20, 15. Ðis is sóð lǽcæcræft, Lchdm. i. 376, 8. Se sóþa boda ðæs heán leóhtes Agustinus, Bd. 2, 2; S. 502, 31. Ðæt hig geleornigen in ðæs gewinnes onlícnesse ðæt hig hiom eft nánwiht ondrǽdon in ðæs sóðan gewinnes gefiohte, Shrn. 35, 17. Ðæt wé úre synna béton mid sóþre hreówe, Blickl. Homl. 25, 17: 171, 12. Tó ðon sóþan andgite geeyrran, 107, 15. Ðæt wé sóþe sibbe heóldan, 109, 15. Se ðe his godcundnesse mid sóþum wísum gerýmeþ, 179, 24. II. true, in conformity with the actual state of things :-- Mín gewitnes is sóþ, Jn. Skt. 8, 14: 19, 35. Ic eom geþafa ðæt ðæt is sóþ ðæt ðú ǽr sǽdest, Bt. 38, 2; Fox 196, 16. Sóþ is ðæt ic eów secgge, Blickl. Homl. 53, 2. Hé þohte on him sylfum hwæt his sóðes wǽre he thought in himself what there was of it true, Homl. Skt. i. 23, 545. Fela spella him sǽdon ða Beormas . . . ac hé nyste hwæt ðæs sóþes wæs, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 17, 33. Ealle ða word sind sóþe ðe Paulus sægþ, Blickl. Homl. 187, 2. Wite gé tó sóðum þingum scito ergo, Deut. 9, 6. Ic secge eów tó sóðum, 8, 19: Mt. Kmbl. 5, 32. Nis nán þing sóþre ðonne ðæt ðú segst, Bt. 26, 1; Fox 92, 12: 34, 4; Fox 138, 25. Hig biddan God ðæt hé ðæt sóðeste geswytelie, L. Ath. iv. 7; Th. i. 226, 30. III. true, righteous, just :-- Ðæt ic sóðne dóm healde custodire judicia justitiae tuae, Ps. Th. 118, 106. Sí ðín seó swíðre hand ofer sóðne wer fiat manus tua super virum dexterae tuae, 79, 16. Ða ðe wyllaþ sóðe dómas efnan qui custodiunt judicium, 105, 3. [O. Sax. sóð: Icel. sannr, saðr. Cf. Lat. -sent in prae-sent.] v. un-sóþ, and preceding word.
sóþ occurs in the Northern specimens apparently corresponding to Latin pro in compounds :-- Sóð wé cliopiaþ provocamus, Rtl. 42, 15. In sóð (sóðe, Rush.) cneóreso in progenies, Lk. Skt. Lind. 1, 50. Sóð cymes procedit, Jn. Skt. Lind. Rush. 15, 26. Sóðcuom processit, Rtl. 2, 37: procedit, 57, 6. Sóðfylga prosequere, 29, 36. Sóð gistrýnd progeniem, 29, 28. Sóðlǽde producere, 108, 36. Also (?) sóð-cwide proverbium; sóþ-secgan pronuntiare; sóþ-tácen prodigium, q. v.
sóþ-bora (?), an; m. A truth-bearer, one who has exact knowledge :-- Ðone hæleð higegleáwe hátaþ wíde cométa be naman, cræftgleáwe men, wíse sóðboran (other MSS. have wóþboran, which suits better the alliteration), Chr. 975; Erl. 126, 27. v. wóþ-, rǽd-bora.
sóþ-cwǽde(?); adj. Veracious :-- Sóðcuoed (sóðcweden, Rush.) verax, Jn. Skt. Lind. 7, 18: 8, 26. Sóðcuéd, 3, 33.
sóþ-cweden; adj. True-spoken (cf. fair-spoken), speaking truly, veracious, v. preceding word.
sóþ-cwide, es; m. I. a true saying, a truth :-- Ic fela sette sóðcwida, Met. 2, 7: 7, 3. Ðæt ðeós onlícnes word sprece, secge sóðcwidum; ðý sceolon gelýfan eorlas, hwæt mín æðelo sién, Andr. Kmbl. 1465; An. 733: Cd. Th. 294, 14; Sat. 471: 244, 10; Dan. 446: Elen. Kmbl. 1057; El. 530: Exon. Th. 418, 2; Rä. 36, 13. Hit is ǽlces módes wíse ðæt sóna swá hit forlǽt sóþcwidas swá folgaþ hit leásspellunga eam mentium constat esse naturam, ut quoties abjecerint veras, falsis opinionibus induantur, Bt. 5, 3; Fox 14, 16: Met. 6, 2: 8, 3. I a. a proverb :-- Ðás sóðcwide (-cuido, Lind.) ɫ gedd cwæð him ðe Hǽlend hoc proverbium dixit illis Jesus, Jn. Skt. Rush. 10, 6. In sóðcwidum in proverbis, 16, 25. II. a righteous saying, v. sóþ, III:--On ðíne sóðcwidas in tuis justificationibus, Ps. Th. 118, 48.
sóþ-cyning, es; m. The king of truth or justice, the Deity :-- Ic wát geare, ðæt ðam líchryre (the murder of Cain) on lást cymeþ sóðcyninges seofonfeald wracu, Cd. Th. 67, 13; Gen. 1100. [Sóþ and cyning often occur together in the nominative, but it is doubtful whether they form a compound.] Cf. sóþ-fæder.
sóþe adv. I. truly, genuinely, really :-- Ic mé sóðe sáwle míne tó Gode hæfde georne geþeóded, Ps. Th. 61, 5. Mín sáwl on ðé sóðe getreóweþ, 62, 7: 118, 15. Is on sibbe his stów sóþe behealden, 75, 2. II. truly, in accordance with the facts of a case :-- Ic eów sóðe secgan wille, ðæt. . ., Andr. Kmbl. 915; An. 458. Word sóðe gebunden (the facts were truly told in the poem, Beo. Th. 1746; B. 871. Hí sóðe ne ongeáton they did not rightly understand, Ps. Th. 73, 5. III. truly, in accordance with a promise, agreement, or forecast :-- Ic ða wǽre forð sóðe gelǽste, ðe ic ðé sealde, Cd. Th. 139, 11; Gen. 2308: 142, 22; Gen. 2365. Beót eal wið ðé hé sóðe gelǽste, Beo. Th. 1053; B. 524. Sceolde wítedóm in him sylfum beón sóðe gefylled, Exon. Th. 14, 3; Cri. 213.
sóþes; adv. Of a truth, verily, indeed, really :-- Sóþes ic secge ðé amen dico tibi, Mt. Kmbl. 5, 26. Sóðes ðú eart Godes sunu, Lk. Skt. 4, 41. Ðéh hé sylf his ágenum eágum eal ne gesáwe, ðæt sóðes is geworden, Wulfst. 3, 21.
sóþ-fæder the father of truth or justice, the Deity :-- Á tó worulde forð in engla dreáme mid sóðfæder symble wunian, Exon. Th. 7, 18; Cri. 103. Cf. sóþ-cyning.
sóþ-fæst; adj. I. true, without deception :-- Ðes man is sóþfæst, ac git sindon bigswicon, Blickl. Homl. 187, 29. II. true in deed, just, righteous, pious, without wickedness :-- Sóðfæst justus, Ps. Th. 114, 5: 57, 9: Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 1, 19: Rtl. 102, 15. Sóðfæst sunu, ðam wæs Seth noma, Cd. Th. 67, 25; Gen. 1106. Sóþfæst eart ðú, Drihten, and rihte syndon ðíne dómas, Blickl. Homl. 89, 6. Ánra gehwylc, sóðfæst ge synnig, Exon. Th. 233, 11; Ph. 523. Hwylc séceþ ðæt ðe sóðfæst biþ misericordiam et veritatem quis requiret ? Ps. Th. 60, 6. Se ðe onfóes ðone sóðfæst (justum) in noma sóðfæstes (justi), Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 10, 41. Hí on ðín sóðfæst weorc (in justitiam tuam) ne gangan, Ps. Th. 68, 28: 70, 14, 20, 22. Ðín sóðfæst word justificationes tuas, 118, 20. Hé gecýþde ðæt sóþfæste men habbaþ mid him þeófas and synfulle men, Blickl. Homl. 75, 27. Hit (the law) sóðfæste siððan heóldon godfyrhte guman, Andr. Kmbl. 3026; An. 1516. Ðú eart seó séfte ræst sóþfæstra tu requies tranquilla piis, Bt. 33, 4; Fox 132, 34: Blickl. Homl. 131, 23. Yfele geréfan ða ðe rihte dómas sóþfæstra manna onwendaþ, 61, 27. On ða swíþran healfe Drihtnes mid sóþfæstum sáwlum, 95, 22. Mon mid gódum and sóþfæstum dǽdum geearnige him ða écean ræste, 101, 26. Þurh sóþfæste dǽda and þurh mildheortnesse weorc, 97, 2. Ne cwom ic tó ceigenne sóðfæsto (justos) ah synfullo, Mk. Skt. Lind. 2, 17. III. true in speech, veracious :-- Sóðfæst verax, Wrt. Voc. i. 76, 17: Mt. Kmbl. 22, 16: Mk. Skt. 12, 14: Jn. Skt. Lind. 3, 33: Ps. Th. 85, 14. Gefyrn sóðfæst sægde sum wóðbora, Esaias, Exon. Th. 19, 17; Cri. 302. Cwom Daniel snotor and sóðfæst, Cd. Th. 225, 8; Dan. 151. Sóðfæst word verbum veritatis, Ps. Th. 118, 43. Sangere hé (David) wæs sóðfæstest, Ps. C. 50, 6. [O. Sax. sóð-fast.] v. un-sóþfæst.
sóðfæstian to justify :-- Gié sóðfæstigeþ justificatis, Lk. Skt. Lind. 16, 15.
sóþfæst-líc; adj. True, sincere :-- Hí (patriarchs and martyrs) sungon sigedryhtne sóðfæstlíc lof praise unfeigned, Andr. Kmbl. 1754; An. 879. [Cf. uss birrþ soþfasstlike trowwenn þatt Godess Gast iss soþfasst Godd, Orm. 2995.]
sóþfæstness, e; f. I. truth, faithfulness, good faith, sincerity :-- On worulda woruld wunaþ ðín sóðfæstnes thy faithfulness is unto all generations (A. V.), Ps. Th. 118, 90: 56, 12. Ús is wyrse ðæt wé úrne ceáp teóþian gif wé willaþ syllan úre ðæt wyrste Gode. Cwæþ se æþela láreów: 'Onsecggaþ gé Drihtne mid sóþfæstnesse wæstmum,' Blickl. Homl. 41, 10. Ongan ðá geornlíce gástgerýnum on sefan sécean sóðfæstnesse (in sincerity; or (?) gen. with weg) weg tó wuldre, Elen. Kmbl. 2296; El. 1149. Sete ðíne hand under mín þeóh and cýð mé ðíne sóðfæstnysse, and swera mé, ðæt ðú mé nǽfre ne bebirge on Egipta lande, Gen. 47, 29. II. truth, righteousness, justice :-- Beseah sóðfæstnes (justitia) of heofonum, Ps. Th. 84, 10, 12: 71, 7. His sóðfæstnyss wunaþ symble, 111, 8. Ǽ wæs geseald þurh Moysen, and gyfu and sóþfæstnes is geworden þurh Hǽlend Crist, Jn. 1, 17. Cwæþ Pilatus: 'Nys nán sóþfæstnys on eorþan.' Se Hǽlend hym andswarode and cwæþ: 'Begým hú ryhte dómas ða démon ðe on eorðan syndon and anweald habbaþ, Nicod. 9; Thw. 5, 5. Se ðe wæs sóþfæstnesse bysen and cining ealre clǽnnesse forlét mid him beón ðone godwracan þeóf, Blickl. Homl. 75, 25. Ic eom weg sóðfæstnesse, 17, 32. For sóðfæsðnesse ðæt wé lufigen gesuinc, Past. 3; Swt. 35, 1. Se ðe hylt sóðfæstnysse on worulde, hé déþ dóm on teónan þoliendum, Ps. Spl. 145, 5. III. truth of speech or thought:--Deófol ne wunode on sóðfæstnesse, forðam ðe sóðfæstnes nis on him. Ðonne hé sprcyþ leásunga, hé sprycþ of him sylfum, forðam ðe hé is leás. Gé ne gelýfaþ mé forðam ðe ic secge eów sóðfæstnysse, Jn. Skt. 8, 44, 45. Ðú settest on mínum múðe ðínre sóðfæstnysse word, Homl. Th. i. 74, 33. Hé mid ðære sóþfæstnesse stefne geweorþod wæs, Blickl. Homl. 165, 1. Se mon se ða sóþfæstnesse mid his múþe sprecþ and hié on his heortan geþencþ, 55, 14. Ðonne ðære sóþfæstnysse gást cymþ hé lǽrþ eów ealle sóþfæstnysse; ne sprycþ hé of him sylfum, ac hé sprycþ ða þing ðe hé gehýrþ and cýð eów ða þing ðe tówearde synt, Jn. Skt. 16, 13. v. un-sóþfæstness.
sóþ-gid a true tale :-- Sóðgied wrecan, Exon. Th. 306, 2; Seef. 1: 314, 17; Mod. 15.
sóþ-hwæðere; conj. However, yet, nevertheless :-- Sóðhueðre ic cueðo verumtamen dico, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 26, 64: Jn. Skt. Lind. Rush. 12, 42.
sóðian; p. ode To prove true :-- Sóðeþ probat, Mt. Kmbl. p. 9, 9. Sóðadon probarunt, Jn. Skt. p. 7, 2. [Ich hit wulle soðien, Laym. 8491. Icel. sanna to prove, make good.] v. ge-, un-sóðian; séðan.
sóþ-líc; adj. I. true, genuine, unfeigned :-- Nǽnig óðerne freóþ in fyrhðe, ðæt hé sóðlíce (or adv.?) sybbe healde, gástlíce lufe, Fragm. Kmbl. 72; Leás. 38. II. true, right :-- Ne þincþ mé nǽfre nánwuht swá sóþlíc swá mé þincþ ðín spell ðǽm tímum ðe ic ða gehiére cum tuas rationes considero, nihil dici verius puto, Bt. 38, 5; Fox 204, 22. [O. Sax. sóð-lík: Icel. sann-ligr probable; just; fit.] v. next word.
sóþlíce. I. as adv. Truly, really, certainly, verily :-- Sóðlíce ðú eart Godes sunu vere filius Dei es, Mt. Kmbl. 14, 33: 27, 54. Sóðlíce ic secge eów amen dico vobis, 6, 16 (and often). Ðám ðe sóðlíce sécaþ Dryhten, Ps. Th. 104, 3. Ðis wæs sóðlíce eádig wer vere beatus vir, Blickl. Homl. 223, 31. Ðú bist sóþlíce ǽr þrím dagum genumen of ðínum líchoman certainly before three days thou wilt be taken from the body, 137, 25. Is sóðlíce se cwide gefylled, 139, 27. Swýþe sóþlíce (with great truth) wé mágon geþencan, ðæt hit biþ deáþes ylding swíðor ðonne lífes, 59, 31. Ic sóðlíce meahte ongitan, Exon. Th. 313, 24; Mód. 5. Se ðe ðé ðyslíce gife and swá mycle sóþlíce (-re, MS.) ðé tówearde forecwyþ is qui tanta taliaque dona veraciter adventura praedixerit, Bd. 2, 12; S. 514, 13: Exon. Th. 9, 19; Cri. 137. Weras ða ðe eówre ǽ on ferhðsefan fyrmest hæbben, ða mé sóðlíce secgan cunnon, Elen. Kmbl. 633; El. 317: Beo. Th. 284; B. 141. Hí ðý sóðlícor ongeáton ðæt hit wæs sóðlíce his ágen líchoma, Shrn. 68, 33. Ic sóðlícost wéne, 164, 28. II. as conj. Now, then, for; representing Latin autem, ecce, enim, ergo, nam, vero:--Sóðlíce losep hyre wer Joseph autem vir ejus, Mt. Kmbl. 1, 19 (and often). Sóðlíce seó fǽmne hæfþ on innoðe ecce virgo in utero habebit, 1, 23: 2, 9: 3, 17. Sóðlíce wé gesáwon hys steorran, vidimus enim stellam ejus, 2, 2: 3, 1: 4, 18 (and often). Gehýre gé sóðlíce ðæs sáwendan bigspell vos ergo audite parabolam seminantis, 13, 18. Sóðlíce ic eom man under anwealde gesett nam et ego homo sum sub potestate, 8, 9. Sóðlíce ðæt ðe ásáwen wæs on ðæt góde land qui vero in terra bona seminatus est, 13, 23, 29. [O. Sax. sóðlíko: Icel. sannliga.]
sóþ-sægen, -segen, e; f. A true statement, statement of the truth, statement of the facts of a case :-- Se Hǽlend nolde hine betellan mid nánre sóðsegene ðeáh ðe hé unscyldig wǽre the Saviour would not clear himself by any statement of the truth, though he was innocent, Homl. Th. ii. 250, 11. Hí sceolon forsuwian heora geférena unþeáwas, ðý læs ðe hí þurh heora sóðsegene ungeðyldige beón, 230, 17.
sóþ-sagol; adj. Veracious :-- Sóðsagol veridicus, Wrt. Voc. i. 76, 18: verax, Ps. Lamb. 85, 13. Swá swá sóþsagol stǽrwrítere guasi verax historicus, Bd. 3, 17; S. 545, 4. Se ðe wǽre leássagol, weorðe se sóþsagol, Wulfst. 72, 16. [Icel. sann-sögull.] v. un-sóþsagol.
sóþ-sagu, e; f. I. true speech, truth :-- On manna gehwylces móde and múðe sóðsagu stande, Wulfst. 74, 16. II. a true saying, a history :-- Sóðsaga historia, Mt. Kmbl. p. 9, 4: historiae, 7, 9. [Þilke soþsaʒe (saw), þat man schal erien and sowe þar he wenþ after sum god mowe, O. and N. 1038. Icel. sann-saga a true tale.]
sóþ-secgan to say truly, declare :-- Sóðsæges pronuntiat, Jn. Skt. p. 4, 11: 6, 15 (see sóþ = pro). Ðes man is sóþsecgende, Blickl. Homl. 187, 29.
sóþ-spell a true story, history :-- Sóðspell historia, Mt. Kmbl. p. 9, 4. [O. Sax. sóð-spell.]
sóþ-sprǽc a true saying :-- Sóðsprǽco eloquia, Rtl. 171, 35.
sóþ-tácen a true sign, prodigy :-- Sóðtáceno prodigia, Rtl. 43, 35 (see sóþ = pro).
sóþ-word a true word :-- Ic Gode sealmas singe, sóðword sprece, Ps. Th. 56, 9: 118, 93.
sotscipe, es; m. Folly, stupidity :-- Sotscipe hebetudo, Wrt. Voc. i. 50, 60. [Sæide se abbot of Clunni, þ̄ hi heafdon foloron S. loh̃es mynstre þurh hi and þurh his mycele sotscipe, Chr. 1131; Erl. 260, 8. Nolde þe leodking his sothscipe (folie, 2nd MS.) bilæuen, Laym. 3024. Muchel sotschipe hit is uorto uorleosen nor one deie tene oðer tweolue, A. R. 422, 24.]
sott; adj. Foolish, stupid; substantively, a fool :-- Sot sottus, Wrt. Voc. i. 76, 16. Sott hebes, 50, 59. Se ðe his ágene sprǽce áwyrt, hé wyrcþ barbarismus. Swylce hé cweðe ðú sót ðǽr hé sceolde cweðan ðú sott, Anglia viii. 313, 21. Ne biþ se ná wita, ðe unwíslíce leofaþ, ac biþ open sott, ðeáh ðe him swá ne þince, Homl. Skt. i. 13, 132. [Þu ebure sot (fol, 2nd MS.), Laym. 2271. Þa weoren Scottes ihalden for sottes, 21806. Seide þ̄ heo weoren sotten iueren, 17309. Nout to ʒunge preostes, ne to sot olde, A. R. 336, 12. Lat sottes chide, O. and N. 297. The word is of doubtful origin, v. Skeat's Etym. Dict. sot.]
spáca, an; m. I. the spoke of a wheel:--Ða sélestan men faran néhst Gode, swá swá sió nafu férþ néhst ðære eaxe, and ða midmestan swá swá spácan; for ðam ðe ǽlces spácan biþ óþer ende fæst on ðære nafe, óþEr on ðære felge . . . Ða felga hangiaþ on ðám spácan, Bt. 39, 7; Fox 222, 1-13. Spácan radii, Wrt. Voc. 1. 16, 23: 284, 47: 66, 54. II. part of the body [=ribb-spácan]:--Spácan radioli, 65, 21. [O. L. Ger. spéca radius: O. H. Ger. speicha radius, lignum in rota: Ger. speiche.]
spade eunuchus:--Eviratus, i. effeminatus, eunuchus, enervus spade, Wrt. Voc. ii. 144, 37.
spadu, an, e; f.: spada (?); m. A spade :-- Spadu fossorium; spada vanga; spad[u?] scudicia vel fossorium, Wrt. Voc. i. 16, 14, 8, 29. Spadu, spædu uanga vel fossorium, Ælfc. Gl. Zup. 318, 17. Ic nát mid hwí ic delfe, nú mé wana is ǽgðer ge spadu ge mattuc, Homl. Skt. ii. 23b, 765. Sum underdealf ða duru mid spade, Swt. A. S. Prim. 87, 174. Ðá genam hé áne spada[n?] and dealf ða eorþan, H. R. 13, 13. Spadan vangas, Wrt. Voc. ii. 123, 10. [O. L. Ger. spado sarculum, rastrum: Gk. GREEK.]
spæc, es; m. (?) n. (?) A thin twig, tendril, runner :-- Twig ramus, spæc framen (cf. framen streáberie-wísan, 31, 70), Wrt. Voc. i. 285, 81: ii. 36, 57: cremium (cremia ligna tenuia et arida), 151, 2. Ðara spaca speldra malleoli (malleolus manipulus sparteus pice contectus quem incensum in muros jaciebant), 54, 57. [O. H. Ger. spah, spahha(o) sarmentum, cremium, fasciculus ex siccis lignis, malleolus, ramus.] v. spræc.
spær; adj. Spare, frugal :-- Spær mete parcus cibus, Scint. 52, 6. [O. H. Ger. spur parcus: Icel. sparr.] v. spær-hende, -líc, -ness.
spæren; adj. Of plaster, of mortar :-- Spaeren, sparaen, sparen gipsus, Txts. 67, 968. Spæren, Wrt. Voc. ii. 40, 67. v. spær-stán.
spær-hende; adj. Of sparing hand, frugal, sparing :-- Spærhende frugi vel parcus, Wrt. Voc. i. 76, 6. Uncystig oþþe spærhynde (-hende) frugi, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 78; Zup. 74, 12. Spærhynde parcus, Germ. 392, 66. [O. H. Ger. un-sparahenti prodigus.]
spær-líc; adj. Sparing, frugal :-- Swá sperlíc tam frugalis, Hpt. Gl. 494, 43.
spærlíce; adv. Sparingly, sparely :-- Spærlíce parce, Scint. 156, 9. Ðý mon dǽlþ spærlíce ðe mon nele hit forberste sparingly people spend, because they do not want to run short, Prov. Kmbl. 19. Ic sperlícor mid wordum sægde ðonne hié dǽdum gedón wǽrun solere me parcius loqui quam gesta sint omnia, Nar. 2, 24. [O. H. Ger. sparalíhho parce, frugaliter: Icel. sparliga sparingly.]
spærness, e; f. Sparingness, frugality, parsimony :-- Spærnes frugalitas, i. temperantia, parcitas, Wrt. Voc. ii. 151, 29. Drences and metes spearness potus cibique parcitas, Hymn. Surt. 9, 24. Spærnisse, Rtl. 163, 7. Spærnesse frugalitatis, Hpt. Gl. 456, 56: frugalitatis, temperantiae, moderationis, 425, 64: frugalitatis, abstinentiae, 496, 22: 513, 61: parsimonia, penuria, temperantia, 454, 59.
spær-stán, es; m. Gypsum, chalk :-- Spærstán gipsum, Wrt. Voc. i. 85, 22: creta argentea, 37, 30.
spǽtan; p. te. I. to spit (a) intrans.:--Ic hrǽce oððe spǽte screo, Ælfc. Gr. 26, 6; Zup. 158, 6. Ic spǽte spuo, 28, 3; Zup. 167, 10. Hé spǽtte on his eágan expuens in oculos ejus, Mk. Skt. 8, 23: Jn. Skt. 9, 6. Hí spǽtton on hine, Mt. Kmbl. 17, 30: 26, 67. Hig spǽtton him on conspuebant eum, Mk. Skt. 15, 19. Spǽte ðæt wíf on his nebb, Deut. 25, 9. Suelce hié him on ðæt nebb spǽten, Past. 5; Swt. 45, 4. Sume águnnon him on spǽtan (conspuere eum), Mk. Skt. 14, 65. Hé spǽtende (expuens) his tungan onhrán, 7, 33. Spátende expuentes, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 27, 30. Hé byþ on spǽt conspuetur, Lk. Skt. 18, 32. (b) trans.:--Ic spǽte áttor, Exon. Th. 405, 26; Rä. 24, 8: 398, 27; Rä. 18, 4. II. to syringe, squirt[:--Gespǽt ða wunde, Lchdm. ii. 22, 22. v. geond-spǽtan.] v. spǽtan.
spǽtlan, spǽtlian; p. ede. I. to emit saliva, to foam :-- Spǽtleþ spumat, Wrt. Voc. ii. 73, 37. II. to spit on anything:--Hié hine bindaþ and spǽtliaþ on his onsýne, Blickl. Homl. 15, 11. Hié spǽtledon on his onsýne, 23, 32. Spǽtlædon, 237, 11. Spǽtledon (-odon), Anglia xii. 505, 14. v. spátlian.
spǽtung, e; f. Spitting, expectoration :-- Gelóme spǽtunga oððe hrǽcunga, Lchdm. ii. 174, 20.
spala, an; m. A representative, substitute :-- Gif hé untrum byþ, begyte him lahlícne spalan, L. Wil. ii. 2; Th. i. 489, 16. Cf. ge-spelia.
Spaldas a tribe name left in Spalding (?). In a list giving the extent of territory belonging to various districts in England it is said:--Spalda syx hund hýda, Cod. Dip. B. i. 414, 20. Cf. Spaldyng, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. vi. 333, col. 2.
spaldur asphalt; aspaltum, Txts. 43, 228.
spanan; p. spón, speón; pp. spanen To allure, entice, lure, decoy, attract, urge :-- Spenst illicias, Hpt. Gl. 524, 9. Spones inlicias, Wrt. Voc. ii. 47, 7: 87, 26. I. in a good sense, (a) with a preposition marking the direction of aim:--Ðú spenst (spænst, Cott. MS.) mé on ða mǽstan sprǽce and on ða earfoþestan tó gereccenne ad rem me omnium quaesitu maximum vocas, Bt. 39, 4; Fox 216, 14. Swá earn his briddas spænþ tó flihte sicut aquila provocans ad volandum pullos suos, Deut. 32, 11. Ðá hé spón his hiéremen tó ðære geðylde cum patientiam discipulis suaderet, Past. 33, 5; Swt. 222, 8. Ðá ðá hé his apostolas spón of ðissum andweardan tó ðæm écan cum ad venturam discipulos ex praesenti provacaret, 46, 5; Swt. 351, 11. Speón (spón, Cott. MSS.), 17, 8; Swt. 121, 2. Speón, Andr. Kmbl. 1194; An. 597. Ǽlcne man spane hé of synnum let him draw every man from sins, L. Edg. C. 16; Th. ii. 284, 14. Ða spone (spane, Cott. MSS.) ðe his ðeáwa giémaþ tó ryhte spectatores suos ad sublimia invitet, Past. 14, 2; Swt. 83, 2. Hé sende his englas ús hám tó spananne tó him exhortantes angelos misit, 52, 4; Swt. 405, 34. (b) with a clause:--God hine spænþ ðæt hé tó him gecierre Deus ad se redire persuadet, Swt. 407, 10. Hí hine speónnan and lǽrdon ðæt hé ða fóre ðurhtuge eum id perficere suadebant, Bd. 5, 19; S. 637, 26. Span ðú hine georne ðæt hé ðíne láre lǽste, Cd. Th. 36, 22; Gen. 575. Cwæð, ðæt hine his hige speóne, ðæt hé trymede getimbro, 18, 17; Gen. 274. II. in a bad sense, (a) with a preposition:--Hine spænþ his mód tó unnyttum weorce, Past. 4; Swt. 37, 18. Deófol hine on wóh spaneþ, Salm. Kmbl. 1002; Sal. 502: 990; Sal. 496. Hí spanaþ ðé tó ðínre unþearefe, Bt. 7, 2; Fox 18, 9. On ðæm weorce ðe hine ǽr nán willa tó ne spón quo non trahit desiderium, Past. 33, 1; Swt. 215, 10. Hió speón hine on ða dimman dǽd, Cd. Th. 43, 2; Gen. 684. Hé mid listum speón idese on ðæt unriht, 37, 12; Gen. 588. Hí (the conspirators against William) speónan ða Bryttas heom tó, Chr. 1075; Erl. 213, 14. (b) with a clause:--Hé hiene spón ðæt hé on Umenis unmyndlenga mid here becóme quem, ut Eumenem de insperato opprimat, perurget, Ors. 3, 11; Swt. 146, 7. [O. Sax. spanan; p. spón: O. Frs. spona: O. H. Ger. spanan; p. spuon suggerere, suadere, persuadere: cf. Icel. spenja; p. spandi to allure.] v. á-, be-, for-, ge-spanan.
Spáneas; pl. The Spaniards or Spain :-- Betux Galleum and Spáneum, Ors. 4, 8; Swt. 186, 15. [Cf. Icel. Spána-land Spain.] v. Spéne.
spanere, es; m. One who entices :-- Sponera lenonum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 52, 42: 84, 39. [O. H. Ger. spanari hortator, suasor, persuasor, illex.]
spang, e; f. A clasp, fastening :-- Hæleðhelm on heáfod ásette and ðone full hearde geband spénn mid spangum drew the helmet firmly on with its clasps, Cd. Th. 29, 4; Gen. 445. [O. H. Ger. spanga; f. seracula, prena: Ger. spange a clasp: Icel. spöng; f. a clasp.]
spann, e; f. A span :-- Span vel handbred palmus, Wrt. Voc. i. 43, 52. Wæs se líchoma sponne lengra ðære ðrýh invenerunt corpus mensura palmi longius esse sarcofago, Bd. 4, 11; S. 580, 5. [O. H. Ger. spanna; f. cubitus: Icel. spönn; f. a span.] Cf. ge-spann.
spannan; p. spénn, speónn; pp. spannen. I. to join one thing to another, to attach, fasten, clasp, (a) literal:--Hé helm spénn mid spangum (cf. Dan. spænde ved spænder, Swed. spänna med spänne to buckle) he buckled on his helmet, Cd. Th. 29, 4; Gen. 445. (b) figurative:--Wá eów ðe gadriaþ hús tó húse and spannaþ æcer tó ðæm óðrum vae, qui conjungitis domum ad domum, et agrum agro copulatis, Past. 44, 8; Swt. 329, 23. II. to span, clasp. v. ymb-spannan, spanning. [O. H. Ger. spannan; p. spien nectere; intendere, contendere: cf. Icel. spenna; p. ta to clasp; to span.] v. ge-, on-, ymb-spannan.
spanning, e; f. Spanning, bend, span :-- Eln vel spanning betwiox þuman and scitefingre ulna, Wrt. Voc. i. 43, 53.
spanu, e, an; f. A teat :-- Tittas mammille, spana ubera, Wrt. Voc. i. 283, 30. Tittas oððe sponan mammillas, Lchdm. i. lxxiv, 24. [Speen, spene a cow's pap, E. D. S. Gloss. B. 16: C. 3. Speans the teats of a cow,C. 4. Icel. speni; m. a teat, dug: Norweg. spæne: Swed. spene.]
spanung. v. for-, leás-spanung(-ing).
sparian; p. ode. I. to spare, to show mercy to, to refrain from injuring or destroying :-- Ic sparige oððe árige parco, Ælfc. Gr. 28, 7; Zup. 180, 12. Ðætte hé spærio parcere, Rtl. 40, 19. (a) with acc.:--Ic geswerge ðæt ic hí ne sparige, ac on spild giefe, Exon. Th. 247, 27; Jul. 85. Hé áraþ (sparaþ, MS. C.: spearaþ, Ps. Surt.) parcet, Ps. Spl. 71, 13. Hié ne sparodan ða synfullan, ac slógon, Past. 46; Swt. 353, 16. Hí nánne ne sparedon ðæs herefolces, Jud. Thw. 24, 40; Jud. 233. Spara mé ðínne ðeów parce servo tuo, Ps. Th. 18, 11. (b) with dat.:--[Ne spareþ se fæder ðan sune ne nán mann óðren; ac ǽlc man winþ ongeán óðren, Shrn. 17, 27.] Swá ðæt ne cyricum ne mynstrum seó herehand ne sparode ne árode ita ut ne ecclesiis quidem aut monasteriis manus parcerit hostilis, Bd. 4, 26; S. 602, 8. God ne sparode his ágenum bearne, Homl. Th. ii. 62, 20. Ná hé sparode (spearede, Ps. Surt. v. 50) sáulum heora non pepercit animabus eorum, Ps. Spl. C. 77, 55. Spær esne ðínum parce servo two, Rtl. 168, 19: 39, 38. II. to spare, preserve, not to use, to leave alone, abstain from :-- Hé sparode ðæt góde wín óð his ágenum tócyme, Homl. Th. ii. 70, 10. Féðe ne sparode eorl, Cd. Th. 153, 6; Gen. 2534. Sindon ða loccas tó sparianne (-enne, Hatt. MS.) ðæm sacerde ðæt hí ða hýd behelien capilli in capite sacerdotis servantur, ut cutem cooperiant, Past. 18, 7; Swt. 141, 9. [O. H. Ger. sparón parcere, fovere: Icel. spara to spare.] v. ge-sparian.
sparrian to bar, shut. [Sparren, sperren is not uncommon in later English. v. Stratmann's Dict. Cf. O. H. Ger. sperren claudere.] v. be-, ge-sparrad.
spátl, es; n. Spittle, saliva :-- Spátl sputum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 70, 21. Hé worhte fenn of his spátle he made clay of the spotle (Wick), Jn. Skt. 9, 6. Ðín spátl spíw on, Lchdm. ii. 322, 7: 24, 8: 36, 17. Se ná ne forbeág mid his nebbe ðara triówleásena monna spátl, Past. 36; Swt. 261, 9: Exon. Th. 88, 7; Cri. 1436. Spádl, Elen. Kmbl. 600; El. 300. Spáðl, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 27, 30. Ða spǽtlu áþwógon úre sweartan gyltas, Homl. Th. ii. 248, 26. Spátlum salivis, Germ. 396, 283. Ðæne ðe hý heora spátlum on spiwon, Wulfst. 183, 21. Spátlu sputa, Hymn. Surt. 80, 1. [Heo bispeteð hire mid hire blake spotle, A. R. 288, 10. Spotle sputum, screa, saliva, Prompt. Parv. 469, col. 2.]
spátlian; p. ode To spit out :-- Ic spátlige pitisso, Wrt. Voc. i. 46, 16. [I (the old man) spitte, I spatle, Rel. Ant. ii. 211, 34.] v. next word, and spǽtlan.
spátlung, e; f. Spitting out, spittle:--Pituita, i. minuta saliva horas vel hrǽcunga vel spátlung, Wrt. Voc. i. 46, 15. [I (Christ) þolede schomeliche spateling of unwurði ribauz, O. E. Homl. i. 279, 34. Þencheð þet te worldes weldinde wolde þolien buffetes, spotlunge, blindfellunge, A. R. 188, 10.]
spearca, an; m. A spark. I. literal:--Spærca scintella, Wrt. Voc. ii. 120, 21. Spearca scintilla, i. 66, 39: 284, 14. Ne biþ ðǽr leóhtes án lytel spearca, Wulfst. 139, 11. Sleá hé him ánne spearcan, Lchdm. ii. 290, 17. Hí ásprungan up swá swá spearcan, Homl. Th. ii. 350, 23: Bd. 3, 10; S. 534, 31. Ðæt manega menn geseóþ feallan of ðære heofene, swylce hit sýn steorran, hit beóþ spearcan of ðam rodere, Anglia viii. 320, 33. His eágan wǽron fýrene spearcan sprengende, Homl. Th. i. 466, 26. II. metaphorical:--Se spearca ðara gódra weorca, Past. 14; Swt. 87, 6. Sum spearca sóþfæstnesse, Bt. 35, 5; Fox 164, 2. Ne furðum án spearca mínes cynrenes nis mé forlǽtan, Homl. Skt. ii. 30, 206. Gif ða scyldigan ǽnigne spearcan wísdómes hæfdon, 38, 7; Fox 210, 9. Word spearcum fleáh áttre gelícost, Cd. Th. 274, 32; Sat. 162. v. fýr-spearca.
spearcian, spearcan(?) To sparkle, emit sparks :-- Hé sweartade (spearcade?) ðonne hé spreocan ongan fýre and áttre, Cd. Th. 269, 24; Sat. 78. Sparcendum scintillante, Hpt. Gl. 501, 5. [Prompt. Parv. sparkyn scintillo. It sparkede and full brith shon, Havel. 2144.] v. spircan.
spear-hafoc, es; m. A sparrow-hawk :-- Spaerhabuc alietum (alietus an hobey, Wülck. Gl. 562, 48), Wrt. Voc. ii. 99, 67. Spearhafuc, 7, 65: i. 280, 20. Spearhafoc hetum, 62, 16: accipiter vel raptor, 29, 58: ismarus ( =ismerlus? cf. French émerillon a merlin), 63, 25. [Sparow-hawke nisus, Wrt. Voc. i. 177, 14. Icel. sparr-haukr. Cf. O. H. Ger. sparwári nisus: Ger. sperber; and the borrowed Romance forms, Fr. épervier; Ital. sparviere.]
spear-lira, an; m. The calf of the leg :-- Spærlira sura, Wrt. Voc. i. 44, 71: 71, 55. Sperlira, 65, 43. Spærlirena surarum, Hpt. Gl. 478, 56. Spærlirum suris, 483, 37. Spærliran suras, 482, 65. On spearlirum in suris, Deut. 28, 35. Speoruliran suras, Lchdm. i. lxxi, 10. [Hose . . . þat spenet on his sparlyr & clene spures under, Gaw. 158. Sparluris, Wick. Deut. 28, 35.] v. spearwa.
spearlirede having a large calf :-- Spærlirede surosus, Wrt. Voc. i. 45, 42.
spearnlian; p. ode To spurn, strike out with the feet, kick :-- Ðæt ðú ne spear[n]last ut non calcitres, Hpt. Gl. 463, 77. Se sticca him eode út þurh ðæt heáfod in tó ðære eorðan and hé ætforan hire spearnlode mid fótum the nail went through his head into the earth, and he (Sisera) struck out with his feet before her, Jud. 4, 21. Cf. spurnan.
spearwa, an; m. A sparrow :-- Spearuua, spearua, sperua fenus, Txts. 62, 435. Spearwa, Wrt. Voc. ii. 35, 22: passer, i. 77, 29: 281, 27: Bd. 2, 13; S. 516, 17: Ps. Spl. 83, 3. Spearewa, Wrt. Voc. i. 63, 7. Spearuwa, Ps. Th. 10, arg.: 83, 3. Speara, Ps. Surt. 83, 4. Ðá geseah heó spearwan nest, Homl. As. 120, 116. Ic spearuwan gelíce gewearð, Ps. Th. 101, 5. Spearwan nystlaþ passeres nidificabunt, 103, 16. Spearwan (hrond-sparuas, Lind.: spearwas, Rush.), Mt. Kmbl. 10, 29, 31: Lk. Skt. 12, 6. Beteran manegum spearwum, 12, 7. [Goth. sparwa: O. H. Ger. sparo: Icel. spörr.] v. neód-spearuwa.
spearwa, an; m. The calf of the leg :-- Sparuua, sparua, spearua surum, Txts. 94, 897. v. spear-lira.
spec, spéc, speca, specan. v. spic, sprǽc, spreca, sprecan.
specca, an; m. A speck, spot, blot :-- Ðone sweartan speccan maculam pullam, Wrt. Voc. ii. 57, 11: 92, 84. Speccan notae, 114, 80: 60, 18: scoriae, Hpt. Gl. 421, 59. Smire ða speccan (in a case of shingles) mid ðære sealfe, Lchdm. ii. 88, 19. v. next two words.
specel (?); adj. Speckled. v. haran-specel, and see Lchdm. ii. 390, col. 2.
spec-fáh; adj. Speckled, spotted, full of spots :-- Specfaag maculosus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 98, 25.
sped phlegm, rheum :-- Sped petuita, Wrt. Voc. ii. 117, 22: 68, 18. Sped glaucoma (cf. spade the congealed gum of the eye, Halliwell's Dict.), Hpt. Gl. 447, 22. v. spediende.
spéd, e; f. Speed, success, means. The word is found in the following glosses:--Spoed proventus, praeventus, Txts. 88, 815: successus, 96, 940: praesidium, 89, 1648. Spéd proventus, Wrt. Voc. i. 61, 25: ii. 68, 44. Ðeós spéd haec ops, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 56; Zup. 67, 18. Spéde facultatem, Hpt. Gl. 437, 40. Spédum successibus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 76, 56. I. speed, quickness; spédum speedily, quickly :-- Gewiton him ædre æfter ðære sprǽce spédum féran, Cd. Th. 144, 32; Gen. 2398. Spédum sægde eorlum Abimeleh egesan geðreád Waldendes word, 161, 19; Gen. 2667. Him ða bróðor þrý spédum miclum (very speedily) hǽldon hygesorge heardum wordum, 122, 30; Gen. 2034. [Waterrstræm erneþþ towarrd te sæ wiþþ mikell sped ʒiff þatt itt nohht ne letteþþ, Orm. 18094.] II. speed (as in good speed), success, prosperous issue :-- Ðæt mínre sprǽce spéd folgie that success may attend my speech, Ps. Th. 55, 4. Heó (Sarah) ne gelýfde ðæt ðære sprǽce spéd folgode she did not believe that any happy result would follow those words, did not believe that she should have a son, Cd. Th. 144, 4; Gen. 2384. Hit ne becymþ eów ná tó nánre spéde vobis non cedet in prosperum, Num. 14, 41. Ðær rícxaþ sib mid spéde peace and happiness reign there, Dóm. L. 267. On spéd successfully, to purpose, with effect, Beo. Th. 1750; B. 873: Exon. Th. 387, 28; Rä. 5, 12. Swá wit him an spéd sprecaþ we shall speak so as to convince him, Cd. Th. 36, 21; Gen. 575. Ic on ðínre hǽlo hyldo sóhte and on ðínre sprǽce spéd sóðfæste in salutari tuo, et in eloquio justitiae tuae, Ps. Th. 118, 123. Wíges spéd success in war, Exon. Th. 42, 16; Cri. 673. Æt wigge spéd, sigor æt sæcce, Elen. Kmbl. 2362; El. 1182. Hié ðære spǽce spéd ne áhton the people at Babel had no advantage from speech, Cd. Th. 101, 23; Gen. 1686. Se ðe him dóm forgeaf, spówende spéd (good speed). 246, 14; Dan. 479. Æt ðam spereníðe spéde lǽnan, 124, 8; Gen. 2059: 187, 19; Exod. 153. III. means, substance, abundance, wealth :-- Spéd ɫ dǽl mín ðú eart portio mea es, Ps. Lamb. 118, 57: 141, 6. Spéd substantia, Ps. Spl. 38, 7, 11: 68, 2: Ps. Th. 88, 40. His meahta spéd the abundance of his powers, Exon. Th. 240, 18; Ph. 640. Hé is mægna spéd, Cd. Th. 1, 6; Gen. 3. Wilna gehwilces weaxende spéd a growing abundance of every thing to be desired, 100, 7; Gen. 1660. Ic on mínre heortan hýdde georne ðæt ic ðínre sprǽce spéd gehealde in corde meo abscondi eloquia tua, Ps. Th. 118, 11: 38. Tubal Cain þurh snytro spéd smiðcræftega wæs Tubal Cain was a workman cunning through wealth of wisdom, Cd. Th. 66, 14; Gen. 1084. Metod tóbrǽd þurh his mihta spéd monna sprǽce, 102, 6; Gen. 1696: 306, 23; Sat. 668: Exon. Th. 225, 25; Ph. 394. Hé ús giefeþ ǽhta spéd, welan ofer wíd lond, 38, 10; Cri. 604. Hwǽr sind spéda rícera 3 M 2 ubi sunt opes potentam, Wülck. Gl. 253, 38: Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 18, 8. Eorðan spéda, Soul Kmbl. 154; Seel. 77. Ðínre sprǽce spéde eloquia tua, Ps. Th. 118, 172. Ða ðe ðære mycelnesse hiora spéda gylpaþ qui multitudine abundantiarum suarum gloriabuntur, 48, 6. Ðú on ðínes mægenes mihte spédum sǽ gesettest tu confirmasti in virtute tua mare, 73, 13. Óðre him of hyra spédum (de facultatibus suis) þénedon, Lk. Skt. 8, 3. Mid eallum hira spédum ðe hig hæfdon cum universa substantia eorum quam habebant, Deut. 11, 6. 'Redemptio animae propriae divitiae' ... wé sceoldon mid úrum spédum úrum sáulum ða écan gesǽlinesse begitan, Chart. Th. 124, 27. Mé ðín sprǽc spédum (richly, abundantly] cwycade eloquium tuum vivificavit me, Ps. Th. 118, 50. Ealle mynstres fata and spéde hé sceal beseón omnia uasa monasterii cunctamque substantiam conspitiat, R. Ben. 55, 1. Ðín sunu ðe hys spéde (substantiam) ámyrde, Lk. Skt. 15, 30. Gemicla ðú heora wín and heora worldlíce spéde, Shrn. 104, 26: Ps. Th. 51, 6. Hé næfþ rihtwísnysse spéda and wísdómes goldhordas ðe sind sóðe welan, Homl. Th. ii. 88, 28. IV. power, facuity :-- Ðǽr wæs gesýne his seó sóðe spéd videbitur in majestate sua, Ps. Th. 101, 14. Þurh ðínra dǽda spéd dagas hér gewuniaþ ordinatione tua perseverat dies, 118, 91. Hafast ðú heáh mægen ðínes earmes spéd wið ealle fýnd in virtute brachii tui dispersisti inimicos tuos, 88, 9. Þurh his ǽgne spéd witan, Exon. Th. 351, 9; Sch. 77. Syndon on ðissum Simone twá spéda, mannes and deófles, Blickl. Homl. 179, 10. Ðú eart mǽgena God, nis ðé gelíc on spédum, Ps. Th. 88, 7. Wæs heofonweardes gást ofer holm boren miclum spédum, Cd. Th. 8, 8; Gen. 121. Meotud monnum syleþ sundorgiefe, sendeþ wíde ágne spéde (faculties peculiar to each), Exon. Th. 293, 24; Crä., 6. V. opportunity, or means of doing anything :-- Ðæt hé him spéde and lýfnysse sealde ðæt hé ðǽr wunian móste for intingan his gebeda ut sibi facultatem et licentiam ibidem orationis causa demorandi concederet, Bd. 3, 23; S. 554, 29. Se ealdormon him spéde and lýfnesse sealde tó farene swá hwider swá hí woldan major domus regiae copiam pergendi quoquo vellent, tribuit eis, 4, 1; S. 564, 34. VI. progeny (?) :-- On cederbeámum mid heora spédum spearwan nystlaþ, Ps. Th. 103, 16. [Huand iu thiu spót cumid, helpe fon himile (cf. thurgh helpe and spede of prayer, Pr. C. 2882), Hel. 1901. O. H. Ger. spuot celeritas, successus, provectus, prosperitas, substantia.] v. ǽht-, freónd-, freoþo-, here-, land-, mægen-, sige-, sigor-, tuddor-, un-, wíg-, woruld-, wuldor-spéd.
spédan; p. de To speed, have success, succeed in doing something :-- Eów betere is ðæt gé ðisne gárrǽs mid gafole forgyldon ... ne þurfe wé ús spillan gif gé spédaþ tó dam (cf. Gif hé ne geþeó búton tó healfre híde if he succeeds in obtaining no more than a half hide, Ll. Th. i. 188, 1) for you is it better to buy off this attack ... We need not destroy one another, if you succeed in doing this, Byrht. Th. 132, 51; By. 34. [Swá hé spédde, swá him Crist húðe, swá þet in féuna geáre wæs þ̄ mynstre gare, Chr. 656; Erl. 30, 18. Hé spédde litel, and be gode rihte, for hé wæs án yuel man, 1140; Erl. 265, 17. His broþer heo him wolde binimen, ah he ne mihte speden, Laym. 403. He wollde winnenn Crist alls he wann Eve and Adam ʒiff þatt he mihhte spedenn, Orm. 12317. O. H. Ger. gi-spuotón accelerare. v. á-, ge-spédan.
sped-dropa (spéd- ?), an; m. A rheumy (?) drop :-- Mec (a book) fugles wyn (a pen) geond speddropum (ink) spyrede, Exon. Th. 408, 6; Rä. 27, 8. v. sped.
spediende suffering from rheum or phlegm (?) :-- Spediende (swed-, Wrt.) molaricus (the preceding words are podagricus, flegmaticus, reumaticus), Wrt. Voc. ii. 45, 49: ii. 58, 2. v. sped.
spédig; adj. I. having good speed, prosperous :-- Him féran gewát Abraham wíde óð ðæt hé tó Siem com síðe spédig (prosperous in travel], Cd. Th. 107, 3; Gen. 1783. II. having means, wealthy, opulent, rich in material wealth :-- Hé wæs swýðe spédig man on ðǽm ǽhtum ðe heora spéda on beóþ, ðæt is, on wildrum, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 18, 8. Ic ne eom swá spédig (dives) ðæt ic mǽge bicgean mé wín, Coll. Monast. Th. 35, 17. Of spé[digre], of gestreónfulre sumptuosa, copiosa. Hpt. Gl. 491, 4. III. rich in, abounding in, abundant, copious :-- Mundbora meahtum spédig a protector abundant in power (God), Exon. Th. 143, 27; Gú. 667: 198, 14; Ph. 10: 305, 2; Fä. 82. Wæstmum spédig, Cd. Th. 169, 19; Gen. 2802. Mihtum spédge, 101, 25; Gen. 1687. Spédige, Ps. Th. 59, 5. IV. powerful (cf. ríce) :-- Spédig potens, Ps. Lamb. 77, 65. Hé on eorðan byþ eádig and spédig potens in terra erit, Ps. Th. 111, 2. Se sunu wæs sigorfæst, mihtig and spédig, Rood Kmbl. 299; Kr. 151. Mægena God, milde and spédig Deus virtutum, Ps. Th. 79, 14. Dǽdum spédig, 67, 18: 104, 7. [O. H. Ger. spuotig uber, efficax, brevis.] v. ǽht-, féðe-, freónd-, gód-, gold-, heán-, land-, med-, þurh-, un-, wan-, wuldor-spédig.
spédigness, e; f. Wealth, opulence :-- Welan, spédignesse opulentia, Hpt. Gl. 491, 9.
spédlíce; adv. Successfully, efficaciously, powerfully, in a manner which produces a result :-- Him spédlíce spearuwa hús begyteþ the sparrow succeeds in finding a house for itself, Ps. Th. 83, 3: 105; 2. Dó mé spédlíce cuicne quicken me effectually, 118, 154. Syle mé spédlíce ðæt ðú mé nerige grant me effectual release, 169: 170. Ðonne ic him spédlíce tó spræc and hí lǽrde when I spoke to them with power and taught them, 119, 6. [Cf. O. H. Ger. spuot-líh prosper.]
spédsumian, spel. v. ge-spédsumian, spell.
spelc, spilc a splint :-- Monegum men gescrincaþ his fét tó his homme ... dó spelc tó, Lchdm. ii. 68, 7. Wið foredum lime ... dó spilc tó apply a splint, 66, 23. [Spelke fissula, Prompt. Parv. 468, col. 1. Spelk a splinter or narrow strip of wood. 'To spelk in Yorkshire, to set a broken bone; whence the splints used in binding up of broken bones are called spelks,' Kennett MS., Halliwell's Dict. Icel. spelkur, spjalkir; pl. f. splints for binding up broken bones.] v. spilcan.
speld, es; n.; pl. speld and speldru (? or speldra (see below) from speldr. Cf. 'Spelder of woode esclat, Palsgrave. The schafte to spildurs spronge, Avow. of Arthur,' Halliwell's Dict.): speld, e; f. A splinter, a thin piece of wood used as a torch, a torch :-- On spelde in favillam, Anglia xiii. 35, 213. Speldum favillis, 36, 234, Ðara spaca speldra malleoli (v. spæc), Wrt. Voc. ii. 54, 56. Biernende speld tedas, 95, 26. Spelde tedas, 82, 29. [Will. speldes (splinters) of a broken spear. Mod. E. spell, spill. M. H. Ger. spelte splinter of a lance: Icel. speld, spjald; n. a tablet; spilda a flake: Goth. spilda a tablet.]
spelian; p. ode To act as the representative of another, to represent, to take, or stand in, the place of another :-- Pronomen spelaþ ðone naman ... Gif ðú cwest: 'Hwá lǽrde ðé?' ðonne cweðe ic: 'Dúnstán.' 'Hwá hádode ðé?' 'Hé mé hádode:' ðonne stent se hé on his naman stede and spelaþ hine, Ælfc. Gr. 5; Zup. 8, 11-16. Se abbod, for ðig ðe hé Godes gespelia is (quia uices Christi in monasterio creditur agere), sig hláford geháten ... for ðæs lufe ðe hé spelaþ for the love of him whom he represents, R. Ben. 114, 24. Næs Isaac ofslegen ac se ramm hine spelode, Homl. Th. ii. 62, 25. Hé God spellode (spelode ?) he (Nebuchadnezzar) put himself in the place of God, Cd. Th. 257, 16; Dan. 658. Gif hé wrítan ne cunne bidde óðerne ðe cunne ðæt hine spelige si non scit literas, alter ab eo rogatus scribat, R. Ben. 100, 5. Nán gehádod man ne sceal him tó geteón, ðæt hé Crist spelige ofer his hálgan híréd, búton him seó notu fram Godes láreówum betǽht sý, Homl. Th. ii. 592, 29. v. á-spelian; ge-spelia, and next two words.
speliend, speligend, es; m. A representative, vicar :-- Pronomen is ðæs naman speliend, se spelaþ ðone naman, Ælfc. Gr. 5; Zup. 8, 12. Se cyning is Cristes sylfes speligend under him sylfum, Bd. Whelc. 151, 39. v. preceding word.
speling, e; f. The taking the place of another, the acting as the representative of another :-- Cristes gespelia hé (the abbot) is and his note and spelinge on mynstre healt Christi uices agere in monasterio creditur, R. Ben. 10, 12.
spell, es; n. I. a story, narrative, account, relation :-- Ðæt is mǽre spell (the story of Lot's wife), Cd. Th. 155, 2; Gen. 2566. Spelli relatu, Txts. 93, 1720. Ðá rehton hí him sum hálig spel exponebant illi quendam sacrae historiae sermonem, Bd. 4, 24; S. 597, 34. Se man sǽde fram helle síðfæte swylc sár spell (sárspell ?) swylce nǽfre ǽr on men ne becom ne naht oft siððan the man told such a dismal story of the journey to hell as never before had come to men, and not often since, Shrn. 49, 10: Cd. Th. 66, 31; Gen. 1092. Spel wrecan to tell the story (of Beowulf's exploit), Beo. Th. 1751; B. 873. Hwílum gyd áwræc, hwílum spell rehte, 4225; B. 2109. Lyt swigode níwra spella ac hé sóðlíce sægde little of the story of what had just happened did he leave unsaid, but told truly, 5788; B. 2898: 6050; B. 3029. Fela spella him sǽdon ða Beormas of hiera ágnum lande, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 17, 31. Ðás níwan spel ic ðé ealle in cartan áwríte has nouas explicaturas historias omnia cartis commendabo, Nar. 3, 17. Ic mæg singan and secgan spell in meoduhealle, hú mé cynegóde cystum dohten, Exon. Th. 321, 31; Víd. 54. I a. a historical narrative, history :-- Ic sette be háligra spelle (de historiis sanctorum) áne boc ... Ðara abbuda stǽr and spell ðysses mynstres on twám bocum ic áwrát historiam abbatum monasterii hujus in libellis duobus descripsi, Bd. 5, 24; S. 648, 20, 28. Ic ðé sende ðæt spell ðæt ic áwrát be Angelðeóde and Seaxum historiam gentis Anglorum quam edideram tibi transmisi, Bd. pref.; S. 471, 9. Ic cýþe hwanan mé ðás spell (the narratives contained in the history) cóman, S. 471, 20. Hé spell martyra ðrowunge gesomnade historias passionis martyrum congregans, 5, 20; S. 641, 43. Ic longe spell hæbbe tó secgenne uber dicendi materia est, Ors. 2, 8; Swt. 94, 16. I b. a false or foolish story, a fable :-- Ealdra cwéna spell anilis fabula, Wrt. Voc. i. 55, 24. Spel vel unnyt sprǽc fabula, i. bella, ii. 146, 64. Mé mánwyrhtan manige on spellum sægdon narraverunt mihi iniqui fabulationes, Ps. Th. 118, 85. Ðú gehérdest reccan on ealdum leásum spellum, ðætte Iob sceolde beón se héhsta god, Bt. 35, 4; Fox 162, 5: Met. 26, 2. Ðá ongunnon leáse men wyrcan spell, and sǽdon ðæt hió sceolde mid hire drýcræft men forbrédan, Bt. 38, 1; Fox 194, 30. II. an instructive talk, discourse, a philosophical argument, as a theological term a sermon, homily (v. spell-bóc) :-- Sunnandæges spell ... Se diácon sǽde fram ðysum fýre emne swá wé rǽdaþ on Sunnandæges spelle, Wulfst. 205, 4-206, 1. Ðæt nis tó spelle ac elles tó rǽdenne it is not to be taken as a sermon, but to be read otherwise, Lchdm. iii. 232, 6. Se wísdóm écte ðǽt spell mid leoþe wisdom, added verse to his argument, Bt. 12; Fox 36, 7. Secgan spell to discourse, 13; Fox 36, 31. Gehér nú án spell be ðám ofermódum cyningum, 37, 1; Fox 186, 1: Met. 25, 1. Ongan Waldend wið Abraham sprecan sægde him unlytel spell held with him long discourse, Cd. Th. 145, 14; Gen. 2405. Spella and lára rǽd-hycgende, Exon. Th. 301, 27; Fä. 25. Ða twá béc on hundeahtatigum spellum (homilies), Ælfc. Gr. pref.; Zup. 2, 15. Bæd ðæt [hé] him on spellum gecýðde, onwrige worda gongum, hú . . ., Exon. Th. 171, 28; Gú. 1133: Cd. Th. 33, 7; Gen. 516. Gif ðú gesihst gimmas deórwyrða findan, spellu (parabolas) getácnaþ, Lchdm. iii. 214, 1. III. a saying, remark, sentence, statement of a single point, dictum, cf. the later spell :-- Hit is swíþe ryht spell ðæt Plato sǽde (the saying is then given). Ðá cwæþ ic: 'Ic com geþafa ðæt ðæt was sóð spell, ðæt Plato sǽde, Bt. 35, 1, 2; Fox 156, 8-14: 38, 3; Fox 202, 19. Ic ðé mæg eáþe geand-wyrdan ðæs spelles I can easily give you an answer on the point you have mentioned, 41, 2; Fox 244, 24. III a. a saying that is to be repeated to another, a message, an announcement. v. spell-boda, I, god-spell :-- Brimmanna boda ábeód eft ongeán, sege ðínum leódum miccle láþre spell give them a much less pleasant message, Byrht. Th. 133, 15; By. 50. Drihten dóm forgeaf ðám ðe his spel beraþ the Lord gave glory to those that bear his messages, Cd. Th. 246, 15; Dan. 479. IV. speech, language of prose :-- Ðá hé ðás bóc of Lǽdenum tó Engliscum spelle hæfde gewende, ðá geworhte hé hí eft tó leóþe, Bt. pref.; Fox viii, 9. [Goth. spill a fable, tale: O. Sax. spell: O. L. Ger. spell fabulatio, parabola : O. H. Ger. spell sermo, narratio, parabola, fabula, mythus: Icel. spjall a saying.] v. bealu-, bí-, eald-, fǽr-, forþ-, god-, gúþ-, hilde-, inwit-, lár-, láþ-, leás-, leóf-, lyge-, morgen-, riht-, sár-, sóþ-, weá-, wil-spell.
spell-bóc a book of homilies :-- .i. full spelbóc wintres and sumeres, Chart. Th. 430, 21.
spell-boda, an; m. I. one who delivers a message, or brings intelligence, a messenger, an ambassador :-- Sancte Iohannes wæs gelíc Godes englum & hé wæs béme, Cristes fricca on ðysne middangeard, & wæs Godes Suna spellboda, Blickl. Homl. 163, 22. Hú ðæt wæs weallende spelboda, se ðe ðone Hæ-acute;lend on ðysne middangeard cumendne gesecgean wolde, 165, 33. Heora feóndas flód ádrencte ðæt ðæra æ-acute;fre ne com án spelboda there was never a one left to tell the tale, Ps. Th. 105, 10. Him andswarode Godes spelboda (the prophet Daniel): 'Nó ic wið feohsceattum ofer folc bere Drihtnes dómas,' Cd. Th. 262, 12; Dan. 743: 249, 20; Dan. 533: the angel Gabriel, Exon. Th. 21, 17; Cri. 336. Ðus gieddade Godes spelboda (Job), 236, 9; Ph. 571. Godes spelbodan the prophets, 104, 22; Gú. 11. Godes spellbodan (the angels who came to Lot), Cd. Th. 150, 19; Gen. 2494. Spelbodan (those who should have brought the news of Pharaoh's overthrow), 210, 10; Exod. 513. Spelbodan oratores, Wrt. Voc. ii. 115, 68. II. one who delivers a discourse, a public speaker :-- Spelboda causidicus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 130, 14.
spell-cwide, es; m. Historical narrative :-- Ic wolde gesecgan and mid spellcwidum gemearcian, Ors. 3, 1; Swt. 100, 12.
spellian; p. ode. I. intrans. To talk, converse, discourse :-- Ic spellige fabalor, Ælfc. Gr. 25; Zup. 145, 13. Hí ealne dæg fleardiaþ and spelliaþ, L. 1. P. 14; Th. ii. 322, 25. Ðá hig spelledon (woeron spellendo, Lind. : spellende, Rush.) dum fabularentur, Lk. Skt. 24, 15. Mid deádum spellian, gestrión hit getácnaþ, Lchdm. iii. 202, 5. Man ne mót spellian ne sprǽce drífan binnan Godes cyrcan, Homl. Skt. i. 13, 69: L. Ælfc. C. 35; Th. ii. 356, 28. Ðá se Wísdóm ðis leóþ ásungen hæfde, ðá ongan hé spellian, Bt. 37, 2; Fox 186, 34. Spelligan, 32, 1; Fox 114, 2. Spellien (spillian, Cote. MS.), 20; Fox 70, 20. II. trans. To announce, proclaim, tell, utter :-- Hig spelliaþ UNCERTAIN tógǽnaþ and spræcaþ unrihtwísnesse effabuntur et loquentur iniquitatem, Ps. Lamb. 93, 4. Him wæs lust ðæt hé ðiossum leódum leóð spellode, Met. Introd. 4. Hié (the prophets) ðære sóþfæstnesse tácen spellodan and secgende wæron. Blickl. Homl. 161, 20. [Þat folc gan to spelien (vsi, 2nd MS.) Irlondes speche, Laym. 10068. Speken heom togadere & speleden, 4051. Þe posstless forenn . . . till hæþenn follc to spellenn, Orm. 8528. Mardocheus speleð amare conterens impudentem, A. R. 170, 19. Goth. spillón to tell, announce: Icel. spjalla to talk.] v. ge-spellian.
spell-stów, e; f. A place where announcements are made (?) :-- Andlang dene tó ðære spelstówe, Cd. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 429, 28.
spellung, e; f. I. talking, conversation, discourse, narration :-- Ðý læs on mé mǽge ídel spellung oþþe scondlíc leásung beón gestǽled ne aut fabulae aut turpi mendacio dignus efficiar, Nar. 2, 20. Forbúgaþ ídele spellunge and dyslíce blissa avoid idle conversation and foolish pleasures, Homl. Th. i. 180, 13: 148, 2: ii. 336, 19: Cd. Th. 304, 31; Sat. 638. Spellung fabulositas, Wrt. Voc. i. 55, 23. II. a tale, conversation, discourse, narrative :-- Fabulae, ðæt synd ídele spellunga, Ælfc. Gr. 50, 29; Zup. 296, 5. Spellenga sermonum, Hpt. Gl. 505, 77. Spellunga UNCERTAIN saga fabulas, 410, 54. Ídele spellunga otiosas fabulas, Confess. Peccat. Hí cýð[d]on mé spellunga narraverunt mihi fabulationes, Ps. Spl. 118, 85. [Spellunge and smecchunge (talking and tasting) beoð ine muðe boðe . . . we schulen speken nu of spellunge, and ter efter of herrunge, A. R. 64, 11. O. L. Ger. spellunga tragoediae.] v. eft-, leás-spellung.
spelt, es; m. (?) spelt, corn :-- Spelt planta, Wrt. Voc. i. 75, 11: 46, 66: faar, 287, 19: ii. 34, 38. Spelt sámgréne far serotina, 36, 39. Hwǽtes, speltes farris, 34, 37. [O. H. Ger. spelza spelta, far. From Latin spelta.]
spén (?), es; m. A fibre :-- Spénas fibras, Wrt. Voc. ii. 35, 52. Cf. spón.
spendan to spend. [O. H. Ger. spentón consumere, impendere, expendere. From Latin.] v. á-, for-spendan, and next word.
spendung, e; f. Spending :-- Sum underféhþ eorðlíce ǽhta and se sceal ðæs pundes spendunge Gode ágifan of his ǽhtum one receives earthly possessions, and he must repay the spending of the pound to God out of his possessions, Homl. Th. ii. 556, 29. [O. H. Ger. spentunga dispensatio, impensa.]
Spéne (Spene?); pl. The Spaniards :-- Amilcor wearð from Spénum ofslagen, Ors. 4, 7; Swt. 182, 31. v. Spáneas.
spennan to allure. v. for-spennen, -spennend[e], -spennestre, -spennung. [O. H. Ger. spennen allicere, illicere, sollicitare, seducere: Icel. spenja.] Cf. spanan.
spennels, es; m. A clasp :-- Fibula .s. dicta quod ligat cnæp, sigl, spennels, Wrt. Voc. ii. 148, 58. [Cf. O. H. Ger. spenula fibula: Icel. spennill a clasp.] v. spannan.
speoftan (?); p. speaft To spit :-- Speaft (speoft, Rush.; cf. á-speaft, -speoft, Jn. Skt. Lind. Rush. 9, 6), Mk. Skt. Lind. 8, 23. Speufton expuerunt, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 26, 67. Speofton, 27, 30. Speafton (speoftun, Rush.), Mk. Skt. 15, 19. [Gespeoftad biþ conspuetur, Lk. Skt. Lind. 18, 32.]
speówan; p. de To spit :-- Hí on his hleór hyra spátl speówdon, Exon. Th. 69, 17; Cri. 1122. Gé mid horu speówdon on ðæs andwlitan, Elen. Kmbl. 594; El. 297. Hí áttre spiówdon, Exon. Th. 156, 34; Gú. 884. [Cf. Icel. spýja (strong).] Cf. spiwian, spíwan.
speówung, e; f. Spewing, vomiting :-- Speówung evomatio, Wrt. Voc. ii. 144, 40. v. spíwing,
spere, es; n. A spear, lance, pike, javelin :-- Spere lancea, falarica, Wrt. Voc. i. 35, 11: 84, 17: falarica, ii. 86, 82: hasta, i. 287, 4: ii. 43, 19. Getridwet spere hasta, i. 35, 40. His sceaft ætstód ætforan him, swá ðæt ðæt spere him eode þurh út, Homl. Skt. i. 12, 55: Byrht. Th. 135, 53; By. 137. Nægle oððe spere cuspide, Wrt. Voc. ii. 21, 24. Ecg sceal on sweorde, ord spere, Exon. Th. 346, 14; Gn. Ex. 204. Mid spere lancea, Jn. Skt. 19, 34. Hé nam him spere on hand accepit lanceam in manu, Bd. 2, 13; S. 517, 8. Ða speru sóðfæsðnesse veritatis jacula, Past. 35, 5; Swt. 245, 9; 38, 6; Swt. 277, 22. Spera sparorum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 96, 33. Mid sperum tósticad confossum vulneribus, Ors. 3, 9; Swt. 128, 14. Spiorum (swiorum, Wrt.) contis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 21, 57. Speoru contos, 104, 58. Speru, 14, 72 : 20, 15 : ansatas (cf. ansatas ætgáras, 3, 68), 5, 44: 88, 16. Speru, boltas catapultas, 18, 58: 85, 16. Hí léton of folman feólhearde speru fleógan, Byrht. Th. 134, 63; By. 108. ¶ In the following the word refers to a shooting pain or stitch :--Út lytel spere gif hér inne sié, Lchdm. iii. 52, 18. [O. Sax. sper; n. : O. Frs. O. H. Ger. sper; m.hasta, lancea, sparus, catapulta: Icel. spjör; n. pl. (poetical).] v. átor-, bár-, deáþ-, huntig-, pull-, scot-, wæl-, wíg-spere.
spere-bróga, an; m. Terror caused by the casting of spears or darts :-- Ic spǽte sperebrógan . . . mé of hrife fleógaþ hyldepílas, Exon. Th. 398, 27; Rä. 18, 4.
spere-healf, e; The male side or line (in speaking of inheritance. Cf. swert-, gér-máge, Grmm. R. A. 470) :-- Mín yldra fæder hæfde gecweden his land on ða sperehealfe, næs on ða spinlhealfe, Chart. Th. 491, 20. [Cf. spera-hand in Richthofen O. Frs. Dict.] Cf. wǽpned-healf, -hand.
spere-leás; adj. Without a point or head :-- Spereleás sceaft contus, Wrt. Voc. i. 35, 42.
spere-níþ, es; m. Spear-strife, battle :-- Him Drihten mihte æt ðam spereníðe spéde lǽnan, Cd. Th. 124, 7; Gen. 2059.
spere-wyrt, e; f. A plant name; the word translates innule(-a) campane(-a), Wrt. Voc. i. 68, 17: Lchdm. i. 210, 7 : nap silvatica, Wrt. Voc. i. 31, 27.
speriend, sper-lira, sperlíce. v. spyriend, spear-lira, spærlíce.
sperran, spirran, spyrran; p. de To strike, spar :-- Ðǽr eác cwóman hreáþemýs . . . and ða on úre ondwlitan sperdon and ús pulledon et uespertilionum uis ingens . . . in ora uultusque nostros ferebantur (the translator has read feriebant ?), Nar. 15, 6. Spyrrynde verberans, Germ. 399, 411. [Cf. Icel. sperrask to struggle: Ger. sich sperren to struggle, resist.] v. next word.
sperring, spirring, spyrring, e; f. Striking :-- Clifra spyrringe ungularum arpagine (cf. slítunge arpagine, Wrt. Voc. ii. 5, 38), Hpt. Gl. 526, 67. Spyrrince arpagine, Anglia xiii. 37, 297.
spic, es; n. Bacon, lard, the fat flesh of swine :-- Hi lares ðás hús; ðanon ys gecweden lardum spic, forðan ðe hit on húsum hangaþ lange, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 17; Zup. 42, 17. Spic lardum, Wrt. Voc. i. 82, 25 : larda, 286, 52 : ii. 52, 1: tanea, i. 26, 47. Spices snǽd offella vel particula, 27, 19: ii. 65, 7 : Homl. Skt. ii. 25, 87. Man nime áne cuppan huniges and healfe cuppan clǽnes gemyltes spices, and mængc on gemang ðæt hunig and ðæt spic tógædere, Lchdm. iii. 76, 5. Án sconc spices a ham, L. Ath. i. prm.; Th. i. 198, 7. Hé ǽlce gére ágefe ðém hígum .iii. wéga spices, Chart. Th. 471, 14: 473, 28. Speces, 468, 24. Mid ealdan spice oþþe mid ferscre buteran, Lchdm. ii. 354, 5. Gemelte eald spic, 52, 20. Nim clǽne spic, iii. 40, 26. Ðonne hé spic behworfen hæfþ when he has attended to the bacon, L. R. S. 7; Th. i. 436, 23. Etan spice, Homl. Skt. ii. 25, 111. ¶ Spic occurs in names of places where swine were fed, e. g. Holan-spic, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. i. pp. 115, 137, 184, but its meaning here is not evident. Kemble suggests that it may refer to the mast on which the swine were fed. [Þer com spic (fleas, 2nd MS. ), Laym. 24437. Spyk or fet flesche popa, Prompt. Parv. 469, col. 1. O. L. Ger. spec[-suín] : O. H. Ger. spech lardum: Ger. speck: Icel. spik fat of seals, whales, etc., blubber: Dan. spek blubber, lard: Swed. späk lard.] v. offrung-spic.
spíca, an; m. Spikenard; any aromatic herb(?): -- Ðeós smerenes wæs geworht of ehtaténe cynna wyrtum; ðǽr wǽron þreó ða betstan -- ele, & nardus, & spíca (or is this merely the Latin word?), Blickl. Homl. 73, 21. Lǽcedóm . . . spícan wiþ útsihtan, and dracontjan wiþ fúle horas, . . . and balzaman smiring wiþ eallum untrumnessum, Lchdm. ii. 174, 4.
spic-hús, es; n. A larder: -- Spichús lardarium, Wrt. Voc. i. 58, 16 : lar (kitchen ?), Lchdm. i. lxiii. 3. [O. H. Ger. spech-hús lardarium.]
spícing, es; m. A spike (? Halliwell gives spiking a large nail, as a northern word) :-- Spícyngas gadirian oððe wyrcean, geswinc hit getácnaþ, Lchdm. iii. 200, 24.
spic-máse, an; f. A titmouse :-- Spicmáse (Wright prints swic-) parrula. Wrt. Voc. i. 62, 40. [In E. D. S. Pub. Bird Names, p. 33, blue spick is given as the name of the blue titmouse in North Devon. Cf. Icel. spiki a tit.]
spíder a spider (?) :-- Hér com in gangan in spíder wiht, hæfde him his haman on handa, Lchdm. iii. 42, 11. The passage is the beginning of a charm.
spigettan; p. te To spit : -- Gif hire fæder spigette (spuisset) on hire nebb, Num. 12, 14. Ðá ongan se Catulus him spigettan on, Bt. 27, 1; Fox 96, 5.
spilæg :-- Spilæg se ǽtterne spilagius, Rtl. 125, 29.
spilcan, spelcean; p. te To bind with splints :-- Ðæt sceáp ðæt sceoncforad wæs ne spilcte gé ðæt quod fractum est, non alligastis, Past. 17, 9; Swt. 123, 10. Gif scancan forade synd . . . hú mon spelcean scyle, Lchdm. ii. 6, 12. v. spelc.
spild, es; m. Destruction, ruin :-- Spildes internicionis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 76, 65. Spilde geblonden. Exon. Th. 405, 27; Rä. 24, 8. Ic hí ne sparige, ac on spild giefe, 247, 28; Jul. 85. Spilth pessum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 116, 75. Ðætte hié ðone spild ðæs hryres him ondrǽden ut praecipitem ruinam metuant, Past. 52, 5; Swt. 407, 20. Ðæt mód. . . ongit hine selfne on swelcne spild forlǽd mens . . . sese in praecipitium pervenisse deprehendit, 58, 2; Swt. 441, 27. Ðurh deófles spild through the ruin caused by the devil, Elen. Kmbl. 2235; El. 1119. [Cf. O. H. Ger. spildi; f. desperatio, effusio.] v. for-spild.
spildan; p, de To waste, destroy, mate away with :-- Ðeaf ne cymes búta ðætte [hé] spildeþ (perdat), Jn. Skt. Lind. 10, 10. Seðe lufaþ sáuel his spildeþ (perdet) hiá, 12, 25. Ðú wilnast, ðæt ðú ðíne feore spilde, Andr. Kmbl. 568; An. 284. [O. H. Ger. spildan effundere, expendere.] v. for-spildan, and spillan.
spild-síþ, es; m. A journey undertaken with the object of causing destruction, Cd. Th. 187, 18; Exod. 153.
spilian; p. ode To play, sport, wanton :-- Hí lufiaþ ídele blisse . . . and ealne dæg fleardiaþ, spelliaþ and spiliaþ, and nǽnige note dreógaþ, L. I. P. 14; Th. ii. 322, 25. Eówra leóda ðe spiliaþ and plegaþ and rǽdes ne hédaþ, Wulfst. 45, 24. [Uortigerne mid his hirede hæhliche spilede, Laym. 13816. In blisse spilen, Gen. and Ex. 2532. O. Sax. spilón to play, dance: O. H. Ger. spilón ludere, ludificare, lascivire.]
spillan; p. de To destroy :-- Suá huelc soecaþ sáuel his hál gewyrca spilleþ hiá (perdet illam), Lk. Skt. Lind. Rush. 17, 33: Jn. Skt. Rush. 12, 25. Ðeóf ne cymeþ búta ðætte [hé] spilleþ (perdat), 10, 10. Ne spildic ɫ ne losade non perdidi, Lind. 18, 9. Eal ðæt God spilde God destroyed it all, Cd. Th. 154, 22; Gen. 2559. Sumne man tó Lundene lǽdde, and ðǽr spilde, Chr. 1096; Erl. 233, 9. Ðætte ne ic losige ɫ ic ne spillo ut non perdam, Jn. Skt. Lind. 6, 39. Ðætte ðú spilla ut dissipes, Rtl. 55, 22. Ne þurfe wé ús spillan we need not destroy one another, Byrht. Th. 132, 50; By. 34. Sóhton hine tó spillanne quaerebant eum perdere. Jn. Skt. Lind. Rush. 10, 39. Swil[g]ra, gliw[e]ra [in margin spil-lendra (spiliendra ?); but see onspillendra parasitorum, Anglia xiii. 28, 29] parasitorum, Hpt. Gl. 422, 37. [Wæron six men spilde of here ægon, Chr. 1124; Erl. 253, 14. Ʒf UNCERTAIN ʒe hit willed ich hine uulle spillen, Laym. 880. Unleoden spilden al his þeoden, 28863. Speche þu maht spillen, ant ne speden nawiht, Jul. 24, 14. Late ye nouth mi bodi spille, Hayel. 2422. To spille hem þat ben gulty, Piers P. 19, 298. Spyllyn̄ UNCERTAIN or de-stroyyn̄ confundo, Prompt. Parv. 469. Icel. spilla to destroy, spoil.] v. for-, ge-spillan; spildan.
spilling, e; f. Destruction, waste :-- Nán þing . . . búton folces geswinc and feós spylling and heora feónda forðbylding, Chr. 999; Erl. 134, 37. [Prompt. Parv. spyllinge or lesynge or schendynge confusio, deperdicio.] v. feoh-spilling.
spind fat :-- Spind arbina, Wrt. Voc. ii. 5, 54. Hrysel vel gelend vel spind (swind. Wrt.) vel swínes smere arvina vel adeps, i. 44, 20. [O. L. Ger. spind arvina: O. H. Ger. spint adeps, arvina, pinguedo.] v. hago-spind.
spinel, spinl, e; f. A spindle :-- Spinil (spinel), stilium vel fusa, Txts. 98, 967: nitorium, 81, 1377. Spinel fusam, 65, 933. Spinl, Wrt. Voc. ii. 34, 30: fusu, 152, 12 : nitorium, 60, 12 : fusus, i. 26, 15 : 82, 10 : fussum, 281, 74. Spinle fusi, Wülck. Gl. 245, 23. Spinele fuso, Wrt. Voc. ii. 83, 21. Spinle, 34, 29: Hpt. 494, 20. Spinle fussum, Kent. Gl. 1142. Hé sceal . . . spinle habban, Anglia ix. 263, 10. [O. L. Ger. spinnila : O. H. Ger. spinnala, spinala fusus.] v. eár-, þráwing-, wealc-spinel(-spinl).
spinel-healf, e; f. Tie female side or line: -- Mín yldra fæder hæfde gecweden his land on ða sperehealfe, næs on ða spinlheálfe, UNCERTAIN Chart. Th. 491, 21. [Cf. O. Frs. spindel-sída. v. Richthofen, O. Frs. Dict.] Cf. wíf-hand, and see spere-healf.
spinnan; p. spann, pl. spunnon; pp. spunnen. I. to spin :-- Neo ic spinne, neui ic spann, neuisti vel nesti ðú spuune, neuistis vel nestis gé spunnon, neuerunt vel nerunt hí spunnon, Ælfc. Gr. 25; Zup. 147, 2-4. Ic spinne neo, Wrt. Voc. ii. 60, 13. Spinnaþ neunt, 19: Mt. Kmbl. 6, 28 : Lk. Skt. 12, 27. Hig spinnaþ wulle illae nent lanam, Ælfc. Gr. 15; Zup. 97, 9. Nim ðone hweorfan ðe wíf mid spinnaþ, Lchdm. ii. 310, 22. Spunnun neverant, Wrt. Voc. ii. 119, 10. Ða of his leáfum and of his flýse ðæs treówes spunnon and swá eác tó godewebbe wǽfon and worhtan foliis arborum ex siluestri uellere uestes detexunt, Nar. 6, 18. II. of the action of the tide on the sand :-- Sand sǽcir span (Grein would read spán) the ebb hath knit the sand together (?), Cd. Th. 196, 13; Exod. 291. III. of convulsive movement (?), to writhe, twist :-- Sum ungesceádwís man hine sylfne áhéng ðæt hé fótum span (for sparn? v. spornan) and his feorh forlét a certain foolish man hung himself, so that he moved his feet convulsively (could not rest them on the ground?), and gave up the ghost, Homl. Th. ii. 504, 34. Heó hí sylfe on grine áhéng, ðæt heó fótum span, 30, 23. [Goth. O. H. Ger. spinnan: Icel. spinna.] v. á-, ge-spinnan; twí-spunnen.
spiówan, spiowian. v. speówan, spiwian.
spír a spire [v. E. D. S. Pub. Plant Names, where spire is given as the name of the reed and of various spiked grasses. The word is also used of tapering trees, v. Baker's Northampt. Gl.] :-- Hreódes spír, Lchdm, ii. 266, 10. [Prompt. Parv. spyre of corne or herbe hastula, spyryn̄ UNCERTAIN as corne and oþer lyke spico. Imeind mid spire and grene segge, O. and N. 18. The word occurs in Chaucer and Piers Plowman. v. Skeat's note on the latter, 13, 180 (C text). Cf. Icel. spíra a spar: Dan. spire a sprout; spir a spar: Swed. spira a spar; a sceptre; a pistil.]
spircan. I. to sparkle :-- Spircendre scintillante. Hpt. Gl. 429, 42. Spyrcendum scintillantibus, 499, 43. II. to fall in drops. v. spircing :-- Hé hét mycel ád ontendan on ymbhwyrfte ðæs mǽdenes and mid pice hí besprencgan and mid spyrcendum ele (with oil that bespattered her), Homl. Skt. i. 9, 118. v. for-spyrcan; spearcian.
spircing, e; f. A sprinkling, dropping :-- Spyrcinge aspergine, Germ. 398, 225. v. previous word.
spirian, spirte. v. spyrian, spyrte.
spitel a kind of spade, a spud, a spittle ['spittle a spade, used for light digging, which is spittling. The square board, with a short flat handle, used in putting cakes into an oven, is a baking-spittle,' Mid-York. Gl. 'Spittle a spade with a curved edge, used for grip-digging.' Holderness Gl. See also E. D. S. Pub. Gl. B, 2, 12, and Halliwell's Dict. In A. R. 384, 18, where one MS. has spade, another has spitelstaf.] v. hand-, wád-spitel, and spittan.
spittan; p. te To dig with a spittle :-- In Agusto and Septembri and Octobri man mæg máwan, wád spittan, fela tilða hám gæderian, Anglia ix. 261, 16. Cf. 'Spittle to cut weeds with a spittle-staff,' E. D. S. Pub. Line. Gl. 'Spittle ower to dig over a piece of ground with a spade,' Holderness Gl. 'Spitter a small tool with a long handle for cutting up weeds,' Halliwell's Dict. v. spitel.
spitu, e; f. A spit: -- Spitu veru, Wrt. Voc. i. 27, 9: 82, 66: Ælfc. Gr. 11; Zup. 80, 10. Ueru spitu, ueribus spitum, 14; Zup. 89, 13. [O. H. Ger. spiz veru.]
spíwan; p. spáw, pl. spiwon. I. to spew, vomit, spit up (a) with acc. :-- Ðonne spíwaþ hié ðæt horh, Lchdm. ii. 194, 16. Hé spáw blód, Homl. Skt. i. 12, 63. Hé spáw his innoð út þurh his múð, Shrn. 66, 33. Ðonne man ða cild cwalde, ðonne spiwon hí ða meoloc, 33, 1. Hit eft spíwende, Blickl. Homl. 57, 7. (b) with dat. :-- On ða ádle ðe mon wormse spíweþ (cf. worms spíwende, 208, 9), Lchdm. ii. 200, 22. Ic blóde spáu vomebam sanguinem, Bd. 5, 6; S. 619, 30. Holm heolfre spáw, Cd. Th. 206, 9; Exod. 249. (c) without a case :-- Stinge him gelóme on ða hracan, ðæt hé máge spíwan, Lchdm. ii. 62, 12. Gelóme tó spíwanne, 174, 21: 286, 20. Ðá gebrǽd hé hine seócne, and ongan hine brecan tó spíwenne, Chr. 1003; Erl. 139, 9. II. to spit :-- Geót ðæt blód on yrnende wæter, spíw þríwa æfter, Lchdm. ii. 76, 15. Ðonne is cynn, ðæt him spíwe ðæt wíf on ðæt nebb, Past. 5; Swt. 45, 2. [Goth. speiwan to spit: O. Sax. spíwan: O. Frs. spíga, spía: O. H. Ger. spíwan vomere, spuere: Icel. spýja.] v. á-spíwan.
spiw-drenc, -drinc (spiwe-), es; m. An emetic :-- Spiwedrenc, Lchdm. ii. 136, 25 : 270, 19 : 272, 4, 6. Se ðe hæfþ þearfe spiwdrinces, 60, 26. Tó spiwdrence, 268, 21. Wyrc spiwdrenc, 270, 27 : 302, 17. Se man þurh spiwedrenc áspíwþ ðone wǽtan, 60, 22: 336, 1. Spiwedrencas, 170, 6.
spiwe, es; m. A vomiting, vomit :-- Spiwe deah ðám monnum ðe for fylle gihsa slihþ, Lchdm. ii. 60, 23.
spiwe-drenc, spiwel. v. spiw-drenc, spiwol.
spíwere, es; m. One who vomits :-- Spíwere vomex vel vomens, Wrt. Voc. i. 17, 6.
spiweþa, an; m. I. vomiting :-- Gif hié (diseases) cumen of oferfyllo, mid spiweþan hý mon sceal lytlian, Lchdm. ii. 178, 11. Wið miclan spiweþan, and hé ne máge nánne mete gehabban, 190, 8. Wið spiwþan, 190, 1. Ðurh spiwðan, i. 274, 21. Spiweþan dón to vomit, iii. 214, 23. Hí beóþ oferfyllede óþ spiweþan, R. Ben. 136, 25. Drincan óð speowðan, Homl. Th. ii. 292, 35. II. vomit, what is vomited :-- Lǽt spíwan . . . gesceáwa hwæðer ðe spiwða sý swá micel swá hé ǽr gedranc, Lchdm. ii. 286, 22. Gif hund ðone spiweðan frete si canis vomitum illum devoraverit, L. Ecg. P. iv. 47; Th. ii. 218, 5. Hund eft hwyrfde tó his spiwðan, Shrn. 37, 16.
spiwian; p. ode To spit up, vomit (with dat.) :-- Him bánlocan blóde spiowedan their carcases spouted forth blood, Exon. Th. 271, 3; Jul. 476. v. spíwan, speówan.
spíwing, e; f. Spewing, vomiting :-- Spíwingc evomitio, Wrt. Voc. i. 46, 17. Spíwing, ii. 32, 57. v. blód-spíwing; speówung.
spiwol, adj. Emetic, causing vomiting :-- Drince hé spiwles drences, Lchdm. ii. 264, 24. Drince se man spiwolne drenc, 216, 11. Speowolne drenc, 216, 16. Mid wyrtdrencum útyrnendum oþþe spiwlum oþþe migolum, 82, 17. v. líg-, un-spiwol.
splott, es; m. I. a plot of land :-- Mann ðe áhte geweald ealles ðæs splottes æt Celian dúne, ðár ðæt scræf wæs tómiddes, ðe ða seofon hálgan lágon inne slápan, Homl. Skt. i. 23, 415. On clǽnan splott súðe-weardne, Cod. Dip. B. iii. 336, 23. II. a spot :-- Is se finta fægre gedǽled sum brún sum basu sum blácum splottum searolíce beseted cauda porrigitur fulvo distenta metallo, in cujus maculis purpura mista rubet, Exon. Th. 218, 18; Ph. 296. [Cf. Hyre treówenan gesplottude cuppan, Chart. Th. 537, 33. Wicklif uses splotti == spotted in Gen. 30, 35; and Halliwell gives splotch as an East-country word for a splash of dirt.] v. æcer-, friþ-, land-, mǽd-splott.
splottian to spot, blot. v. preceding word.
spón, es; m. : e; f. (? v. sæp-spón) A chip, shaving :-- Spón astula, Wrt. Voc. ii. 5, 63: gingria, 109, 71. Fomes spoon; idem astula, 39, 70. Geswǽled spoon vel tynder fomes, i. 39, 21. Monige of ðam treówe ðæs hálgan Cristes mǽles spónas and sceafþan nimaþ multi de ipso ligno sacrosanctae crucis astulas excidere solent, Bd. 3, 2; S. 524, 31: 3, 17; S. 544, 44. Genim ðone wyrttruman . . . þwít nigon spónas, Lchdm, ii. 292, 2. [O. Frs. spón: O. H. Ger. spán hastula, carpenta: Icel. spánn, spónn a chip, splinter.]
sponan teats, sponere. v. spanu, spanere.
spong, e; f. A spongy excrescence (?) :-- Gif on eágan weaxen reáde sponge drýpe on hát culfran blód . . . óþ ðæt ða sponge áweg synd, Lchdm. ii. 308, 17 : 300, 5. v. next word.
sponge, an; f. A sponge :-- Án heora genam áne spongean, Mt. Kmbl. 27, 48. Genim spjungean, gedó on scearp eced, Lchdm. ii. 192, 18. [O. Sax. spunsia: O. H. Ger. spunga.] v. spynge.
spor, es; n. I. a trace, track, spoor :-- Ne biþ ðǽr éþe ðín spor on tó findanne vestigia tua non cognoscentur, Ps. Th. 76, 16. Stande ðæt spor for ðone foreáð, L. Ath. iv. 2; Th. i. 222, 16. Wé noldon tó ðæm spore onlútan. Past. pref.; Swt. 5, 18 : Exon. Th. 497, 8; Rä. 85, 26. Hwæt mæg bión dyslícre ðonne hwá lufige hwelcre wuhte spor on ðæm duste and ne lufige ðæt ðætte ðæt spor worhte quid esse dementius potest, quam vestigia in pulvere impressa diligere, sed ipsum, a quo impressa sunt, non amare? Past. 46, 5; Swt. 351, 1-2. Gif man spor gespirige of scýre on óðre, fón ða menn tó ðe ðǽr nýcst syndon, and drífan ðæt spor óð hit man ðam geréfan gecýðe; fó hé syþþan tó and ádrífe ðæt spor út of his scíre, L. Ath. v. 8, 4; Th. i. 236, 20-23. Hé ús spor tǽce, v. 8, 7; Th. i. 238, 3. Gif ðú gesyxt wulfes spor, Lchdm. i. 360, 19. II. a trace, vestige, mark left by anything (of the marks made by weapons; cf. Icel. sverða, eggja spor, dólg-spor a wound) :-- Lǽtaþ hý láþra leána hleótan þurh wǽpnes spor (by a wound), Exon. Th. 280, 2; Jul. 623: Andr. Kmbl. 2362; An. 1182. Bealubenne, lícwunde spor, Cd. Th. 193, 1; Exod. 239. III. tracing, tracking :-- Ðú teohhast ðæt ðú spyrige æfter mé, and swíþor swincst on ðam spore ðonne hí dón, Bt. 38, 5; Fox 206, 14. Ðæt ǽlc man wǽre óðrum gelástfull ge æt spore ge æt midráde, L. Ath. v. 4; Th. i. 232, 11. Befæste mon ðæt spor landes mannum, L. O. D. 1; Th. i. 352, 5. [O. H. Ger. spor vestigium, indago; Icel. spor.] v. fót-, hóh-spor.
spora, spura, an; m. A spur :-- Spora calcar, Txts. 47, 361: 110, 1164. Spura, Wrt. Voc. ii. 17, 3, 63 : i. 84, 3 : 288, 22 : Hpt. Gl. 505, 70: Ælfc. Gr. 9, 16; Zup. 42, 10. Calcaria spuran dicta, quia in calce hominis ligantur, Wrt. Voc. ii. 127, 44. Spurum calcaribus, 17, 62. Hé heów ðæt hors mid ðam spuran (cf. Icel. höggva hest sporum), Ælfc. T. Grn. 18, 22. .ii. spuran on .iii. pundan, Chart. Th. 503, 8. [O. H. Ger. sporo: Icel. spori.] v. hún-, táh-spora, -spura; hand-spor(a ?); sporu.
sporettan (?); p. te To kick :-- Sporetteþ (spornetteþ ?) recalcitravit, Ps. Surt. ii. p. 193, 7. next word.
sporettung (?), e; f. Kicking :-- Sportengæ calcaneum, Ps. Spl. T. 55, 6. v. previous word.
spor-leþer, es; n. A spur-leather :-- Spurleþera calcaria (amongst things made by the shoemaker), Coll. Monast. Th. 27, 35. [O. H. Ger. spor-leder calcarium.]
spornan, spurnan; p. spearn, pl. spurnon; pp. spornen. I. to strike with the foot, spurn :-- Ðe læs ðú on stán fóte spurne ne offendas ad lapidem pedem tuam, Ps. Th. 90, 12. On spurnan inpingere, Wrt. Voc. ii. 44, 72. On spornendum fét in offenso pede, Scint. 187, 8. (See (?) passages under spinnan, III.) II. to spurn, reject :-- Æfter ðæs mǽdenes sprǽce, ðe hine spearn mid wordum, Homl. Skt. i. 7, 64. [Makede he þe spurnen (stumble) ine wreððe, A. R. 188, 2. O. Sax. spurnan to strike with the feet, tread: O. H. Ger. spurnan (also wk.): Icel. sperna.] v. æt-, ge-, óþ-spornan, -spurnan.
spornere, es; m. One who treads or strikes with the feet, a fuller :-- Spornere, spurnere fullo, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 3; Zup. 35, 2.
spornettan; p. te To strike with the feet, kick :-- Ne spornette ðú non calcitres, Wrt. Voc. ii. 60, 61: 80, 10.
sporning, e; f. A stumbling, stumbling-block :-- Þurh spornincge per offendiculum, Scint. 134, 5. [Cf. O. H. Ger. spurnida offensio, scandalum.] Cf. spyrning.
spor-plætt, es; m. A kick (?) :-- Spátlu spurplættas (eárplættas ?) bendas ðú þrowodest tu sputa, colaphos, vincula passus, Hymn. Surt. 80, 1. v. plætt, and next word.
sporu (?), an; f. A heel :-- Spuran míne calcanei mei, Ps. Spl. T. 48, 5. v. hél-spure.
spor-wrecel (?), es; m. What is tracked after being driven off (?) :-- Ðá forstæl hé ða unlǽdan oxan æt Funtial, and dráf tó cytlid, and hine mon ðǽræt áparade, and his speremon áhredde ða sporwreclas the man who tracked him rescued the cattle that had been driven off (?), Chart. Th. 172, 26.
spówan; p. speów To succeed. I. used personally with instrumental of that in which the person succeeds, to be successful :-- Hú mæg hé ǽnige gewinne wið mé spówan how can he succeed in any struggle with me? Nar. 16, 20. Ne mót ic ǽnige rihte spówan, Elen. Kmbl. 1830; El. 917: Andr. Kmbl. 3087; An. 1546: Cd. Th. 127, 23; Gen. 2115: Exon. 35, 27; Cri. 564. Spówende spéd, 117, 16; Gú. 225: 139, 14: Gú. 593: Cd. Th. 246, 14; Dan. 479. II. used impersonally, it succeeds with a person (dat.) (1) absolute :-- Him spéwþ ðe bet, Btwk. 222, 9. Ðá hié ongeáton, ðæt him ne speów, L. Alf. 49; Th. i. 56, 8. Him wiht ne speów, Judth. Thw. 25, 23; Jud. 274: Beo. Th. 5701; B. 2854. Gesæh Pilatus ðæt him náuwiht speóu (spéua, Lind.) videns Pilatus quia nihil proficeret, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 27, 24. Him speów hwónlíce. Homl. Skt. i. 7, 94. Hú swýþe him speówe quantum profecerit, Bd. 2, 4; S. 505, 27. (2) with gen. of that in which a person succeeds :-- Ðá ðá him ðæs (the attempt to raise the dead) ne speów, Homl. Th. ii. 474, 11. Ðé speów ðæs ðú wið freónd oððe feónd fremman ongunne, Cd. Th. 170, 9; Gen. 2810. (3) the object of success governed by a preposition :-- Ða ðe on eorðlícum weorcum hwónlíce speówþ, Homl. Th. i. 526, 16. Hú him speów ǽgðer ge mid wíge ge mid wísdóme, Past. pref.; Swt. 3, 8. Hú him æt ǽte speów, Beo. Th. 6045; B. 3026. [O. H. Ger. spuon, spuoan (wk.).] v. ge-, mis-spówan.
spówendlíce; adv. Thrivingly, prosperously, abundantly :-- Mé ofer cume hǽlu æfter ðínre sprǽce spówendlíce veniat super me salutare tuum secundum eloquium tuum, Ps. Th. 118, 41, 58: 147, 4.
spracen, es; n. 'The berry-bearing alder; rhamnus frangula. Germ. Spreckenholz: Dan. spregner : Swed. dial. sprakved,' Lchdm. ii. 406. The word glosses apeletum in Wrt. Voc. i. 285, 83 : ii. 8, 43, for alnetum (Cockayne) :-- Genim spracen berindred, Lchdm. ii. 58, 8: 66, 3.
spræc a shoot :-- Spraec sarmentum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 119, 48. [Icel. sprek a stick. Cf. O. H. Ger. sprachila siliqua. Graff also cites spraioh sarmenta, vi. 391.] v. spæc; sprǽte (?).
sprǽc, spǽc, spréc, e; f. Speech. I. in the following glosses :-- Sprǽce disputationis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 28, 49. Godcundra spréca divinorum eloquiorum, Hpt. Gl. 442, 37. Sprǽce faminem, Wrt. Voc. ii. 37, 28: 95, 38. Sprǽce fatu, 38, 6. Spéce wíse scema locutionis, i. 55, 22. Sprǽc loquela, 88, 7. Sprǽce omelias, 288, 53: ii. 64, 16. Spǽc oraculum, spréca oraculorum, 62, 59, 60: Hpt. Gl. 503, 10. Spǽcum oraculis, 518, 33. Spréce procacitate, 506, 2. Sprǽc sermo, Wrt. Voc. ii. 120, 45. Gesmeád sprǽc sermo commentitius, i. 55, 25. II. speech, talking :-- Ne sý ðǽr nán óðer spǽc inne, buton ðæt hig biddan God ..., L. Ath. iv. 7; Th. i. 226, 29. Ðæt hí sín gehýrede on hyra menigfealdan spǽce (sprǽce, MS. A.: spréc, Lind. Rush.) in multiloquio suo, Mt. Kmbl. 6, 7. III. speech, the faculty of speaking :-- Gif sprǽc áwyrd weorð, L. Ethb. 52; Th. i. 16, 5. Be ðam ðe him his sprǽc ofnimþ de eo cui sermo deficit, L. Ecg. P. 1, tit. 3; Th. ii. 170, 6. Gif hwam seó sprǽc óþfylþ, Lchdm. ii. 288, 18. Strong on sprǽce, Exon. Th. 410, 9; Rä. 28, 13. IV. skilful speech, speaking with art, eloquence :-- Sprǽc eloquentia, Hpt. Gl. 529, 57. Sumum men hé forgifþ wísdóm and sprǽce, Homl. Th. i. 322, 25. V. what is said, a speech, saying, collection of words :-- Heard is ðeós sprǽc durus est hic sermo, Jn. Skt. 6, 60. Spéc, Kent. Gl. 503. Ic áhsige eów ánre sprǽce, gif gé mé ða sprǽce secgeaþ interrogabo vos ego unum sermonem, quem si dixeritis mihi, Mt. Kmbl. 21, 24. God geopenude Abrahame, hwæt hé mid ðære sprǽce mǽnde, Gen. 18, 20. For ðære sprǽce ðe ic tó eów spræc, Jn. Skt. 15, 3. 'Ðín sunu leofaþ.' Ðá gelýfde hé ðære sprǽce, 4, 50: Lk. Skt. 1, 29. Hé ásende hí, ðus cweðende: 'Faraþ ...' Hí férdon æfter ðæs cyninges sprǽce, Homl. Th. i. 78, 22: Cd. Th. 144, 3; Gen. 2384. Iudas him andwyrde and cwæð ... Æfter ðyssere sprǽce, Homl. Skt. ii. 86, 317. Engla sum Abraham cýgde, hé stille gebád áres sprǽce, Cd. Th. 176, 11; Gen. 2910. Wiste sprǽca fela, wóra worda, 29, 5; Gen. 445. Ðá se Hǽlend geendode ðás sprǽca, Mt. Kmbl. 19, 1; 26, 1. Spécce, Kent. Gl. 873. VI. speech, language, talk, discourse, words :-- Þreó þing syndon ðe gebringaþ ðone gesǽligan tó heofenan ríce; ðæt is, hálig geþanc and gód spǽc (cf. ídele word, 9) and fullfremed worc, Wulfst. 299, 12. Mé ðin sprǽc cwycade eloquium tuum vivificavit me, Ps. Th. 118, 50; 140. Ne gelýfe wé ná for ðínre sprǽce (spréc, Lind.: spréce, Rush.) propter tuam loquelam, Jn. Skt. 4, 42. Þeáwlícre spǽce tropologium, Hpt. Gl. 410, 44. Ðu him hel sóðan sprǽce conceal the truth from him, Cd. Th. 110, 12; Gen. 1837. Ic on ðisse byrig (Sodom) gehýre yfele sprǽce werod habban, 145, 20; Gen. 2408. Hí habbaþ on múðe milde sprǽce, Ps. Th. 58, 7. Ídele sprǽce, Hy. 7, 108. VI a. of written words :-- For ðære gelícnisse his gelógodan sprǽce from the likeness to his style, Ælfc. T. Grn. 8, 43. VII. a speech, language :-- Ðeóda ungelíca ǽgþer ge on sprǽce ge on ðeáwum ... heora sprǽc is tódǽled on twá and hundseofontig, and ǽlc ðara sprǽca is tódǽled on manega ðeóda, Bt. 18, 2; Fox 62, 28-34. Hé reorde gesette eorðbúendum ungelíce, ðæt hié ðære spǽce spéd ne áhton, Cd. Th. 101, 22; Gen. 1686. On Engliscre sprǽce, Ælfc. T. Grn. 1, 26. Hé sealde heora ǽlcum synderlíce sprǽce, ðæt heora ǽlcum wæs uncúð, hwæt óðer sǽde, 4, 11. Ealle men sprǽcon áne sprǽce. Gen. 11, 1. Ða apostolas cúðan ealle ða sprǽca ðe syndon swá wíde swá middaneard is, Wulfst. 294, 8: 296, 1. Mid sprécum hiá sprecas níuum linguis loquentur nouis, Mk. Skt. Lind. 16, 17. VIII. speech, e.g. to have speech of or with a person, conversation, consultation, conference, discussion :-- Nis ðæt lytulu sprǽc to gehéganne (of the day of judgment), Exon. Th. 445, 17; Dóm. 8. Folc biþ gebonnen tó sprǽce, 451, 10; Dóm. 101. Se déma æfter langsumre sprǽce lét ða módor tó ðam suna. ... 'Bǽde ðú forðí ðínre módor sprǽce, ðæt ðú hí gebígdest fram mé,' Homl. Skt. i. 4, 341-357. Hé hét Agustinum to his sprǽce cuman jussit Augustinum ad suum advenire colloquium, Bd. 1, 25; S. 486, 39: Guthl. 9; Gdwin. 48, 21: 11; Gdwin. 54, 4: Cd. Th. 33, 6; Gen. 516. Æt sprǽce ðære at that consultation, 122, 29; Gen. 2034: Bd. 2, 13; S. 516, 13. Æfter heora sprǽce, Jud. 3, 19. Gisomnadun ða biscopas tó spréce colligerunt pontifices concilium, Jn. Skt. Rush. 11, 47. Sprǽce and geþeahte habban to treat, consult; agere, Bd. 1, 27; S. 492, 16. Cwæþ ðæt hé wolde mid his freóndum sprǽce and geþæht habban cum amicis suis sese de hoc collaturum esse dicebat, 2, 13; S. 515, 37. Hæfdon betwih him sprǽce and geþeahte habito inter se consilio, 3, 29; S. 561, 6. Ða hi hæfdon lange sprǽce and geflit longa disputatione habita, 2, 2; S. 502, 13. Gif hwylc mæssepreóst untruman men sprǽce forwyrne (colloquium denegaverit), L. Ecg. P. i. 2; Th. ii. 172, 27. VIII a. a question, case that requires explanation :-- Ungelíc ðære sprǽce ðe wé æfter spyriaþ, Bt. 38, 2; Fox 198, 25. Ðæt folc ðe hæfde ǽnige sprǽce eode út tó ðam getelde omnis populus, qui habebat aliquam quaestionem, egrediebatur ad tabernaculum, Ex. 33, 7. Ðú spenst mé on ða mǽstan sprǽce and on ða earfoþestan tó gereccenne ... and uneáþe ǽnig com tó ende ðære sprǽce; forðam hit is þeáw ðære sprǽce and ðære áscunge, ðætte simle ðónne ðǽr án tweó of ádón biþ, ðonne biþ ðǽr unrím ástyred ... Swá is ðisse sprǽce ðe ðu mé æfter ácsast ad rem me omnium quaesitu maximam vocas, cui vix exhausti quidquam satis sit; talis namque materia est, ut una dubitatione succissa innumerabiles aliae succrescant, Bt. 39, 4; Fox 216, 14-26. IX. a sentence, decision, agreement, terms :-- Ðá com Putrael tó Bora and bed his forespéce tó Ælfríce. Ðá sette Bora ðás spéce wið Ælfríce: ðæt wes, ðæt Putrael sealde Ælfríce .viii. oxan, and gef Bora sixtig penga for ðere forespǽce, and dide hine sylfne sacclés wið Ælfríce, Chart. Th. 628, 17. X. a case, cause, suit, claim, (a) in a general sense :-- Wið ðon ðe heó his spǽce underfénge in consideration of her receiving his suit (Godwine asked for the lady in marriage), Chart. Th. 312, 14. Ðeáh hié ryhte sprǽce hæbban hiera yfel on him tó tǽlanne mala recte redarguunt, Past. 28, 5; Swt. 197, 2. Ðú démst míne sprǽce fecisti causam meam, Ps. Th. 9, 4. (b) as a legal term :-- Ðæt ðis ǽfre gesett sprǽc wǽre that this for ever should be a settled suit, Chart. Th. 203, 4: 172, 2. Ongan ðá tó specenne on ðat land ... óð ðæt seó sprǽc wearð ðam cynge cúð, 302, 15. Be dóme and sprǽce. ... Gehwilc sprǽc hæbbe ándagan hwænne heó gelǽst sý, L. Ed. proem.; Th. i. 158, 3-7: 11; Th. i. 164, 22. Ǽgehwilcre sprǽce ðe máre sý ðonne .iiii. mancussas, L. A. G. 3; Th. i. 154, 9. Gif man mæssepreóst tihtlige ánfealdre sprǽce ... æt þrímfealdre sprǽce, L. Eth. ix. 19; Th. i. 344, 11-13, 15-17. Fultum æt swá micelere sprǽce, L. Ath. v. 8, 3; Th. i. 236, 16. Gif ús feoh áríse æt úrum gemǽnum sprǽce, v. 3; Th. i. 232, 5. Æt cynges spǽce, lecge man .vi. healfmarc wedd, L. Eth. iii. 12; Th. i. 296, 25. Clǽne ǽlcere spǽce, L. C. S. 28; Th. i. 392, 12. Swá fela manna ... tó gewitnesse gehwylcere sprǽce, L. Ath. iv. i; Th. i. 222, 11. Ǽlcne wítefæstne man ðe ic on sprǽce áhte (gained at law, as the result of a suit), Chart. Th. 557, 22. Hé dráf his sprǽce he prosecuted his suit, 376, 11. Ic spǽce drífe mid fullan folcrihte, L. O. 2; Th. i. 178, 13. Habban ða geréfscypas begen ða fullan spǽce gemǽne, L. Ath. v. 8, 4; Th. i. 236, 25. Man ne mót sprǽca drífan binnan Godes cyrican, L. Ælf. C. 35; Th. ii. 356, 29. XI. talk about a person or thing, report, fame :-- Ðæs ðe má seó sprǽc be him férde, Lk. Skt. 5, 15. Ðá férde ðeós sprǽc be him, 7, 17. Hé ongan bodian and wídmǽrsian ða spǽce, Mk. Skt. 1, 45. XII. in the Northern Gospels spréc translates words denoting places where there is speaking :-- In spréce (spréc, Lind.) in synagoga, Mk. Skt. Rush. 6, 2. On spréce (spréc, Lind.) in foro, 12, 38: Lk. Skt. Rush. 20, 46: Lind. 7, 32. [O. Sax. spráka: O. Frs. spréke: O. H. Ger. spráhha lingua, loquela, sermo, sermocinatio, colloquium, eloquium, ratio, judicium, consilium, senatus.] v. ǽfen-, æfter-, ǽrend-, burh-, bysmor-, dol-, eald-, edwít-, ellen-, for-, fore-, frécnen-, frum-, gedwol-, gegaf-, gilp-, hete-, Lǽden-, morgen-, of-, ofer-, on-, sceáwend-, scrift-, sóð, stunt-, teosu-, tó-, twí-, untíd-, wiðer-, woruld-, ymbe-sprǽc (-spǽc); -sprǽce, -sprec.
sprǽc-ærn, -ern, es; n. A place for speaking, court-house :-- In sprécern in praetorium, Jn. Skt. Lind. Rush. 18, 28: 19, 9. Cf. sprǽc-hús.
sprǽc-cynn, es; n. A mode of speaking :-- Bóc be gesetnessum and gemetum sprǽccynna libellum de figuris modisque locutionum, Bd. 5, 24; S. 648, 42.
-sprǽce. [O. L. Ger. bi-spráki: O. H. Ger. ga-spráhhi.] v. ge-, god-sprǽce.
-sprǽce, -spǽce; adj. [O. Sax. -spráki: O. H. Ger. -spráhhi.] v. án-, fela-, ge-, gegaf-, ídel-, ofer-, stunt-, twí-, yfel-, ymb-sprǽce.
sprǽcful; adj. Talkative, loquacious :-- Wer sprǽcful vir linguosus, Ps. Lamb. 139, 12.
sprǽc-hús, es; n. A house for speaking :-- Sprǽchús auditorium, Wrt. Voc. i. 58, 11. Úþwitena sprǽchús curia vel senatus, 13. [O. L. Ger. sprác-hús curia: O. H. Ger. spráh-hús curia, consistorium, praetorium.] Cf. sprǽc-ærn.
sprǽcleás; adj. Speechless, without the power of speech :-- Spǽcleáse ɫ dume elinguia, Germ. 398, 72. [O. H. Ger. spráhhalós elinguis.]
sprǽdan; p. de To spread, expand. [O. L. Ger. te-spreidan dispergere: O. H. Ger. spreiten pandere, expandere, diffundere.] v. ge-, ofer-, tó-sprǽdan, á-spreádan; sprǽdung.
sprǽdung, e; f. Spreading, diffusion, propagation :-- Sprǽdung mennisces cynnes propagatio humani generis, Rtl. 109, 4.
sprǽte(?), spræt(?), es; n. A sprout, shoot :-- Sprǽtu (spræcu? v. spræc) labruscas, Hpt. Gl. 454, 16. [Cf. (?) spreat, sprat, sprett the jointed-leaved rush, Jamieson's Dict. Sprat-barley barley with very long beards; sprats small wood, Halliwell's Dict.]
spranc(?), es: spranca, an; m. A shoot, twig, sprig :-- Spranca (sprauta, Wrt.) sirculus vel virgultum. Wrt. Voc. i. 32, 44. Styb vel spranca (sprauta, Wrt.) stirps, 33, 57. Treówes sprancan plante, 39, 14. Deáðbǽre sprancan letiferas labruscas, Hpt. Gl. 454, 17. Spranca sarmentorum, 468, 22.
spreáwlian; p. ode To sprawl, move convulsively :-- Spreáwlige palpitet Germ. 392, 10. [Sprawlyñ palpito; sprawlynge palpitacio, Prompt. Parv. 470 (and see note). Leyen and sprauleden in the blod, Havel. 475. Spraulend with her winges twey, Gow. ii. 5, 11.]
-sprec, spréc, v. ge-, god-sprec, sprǽc.
spreca, speca, an; m. A speaker, one who speaks in council (cf. sprǽc, VIII), a councillor: -- Forht folces weard héht him fetigean sprecan síne, Cd. Th. 161, 18; Gen. 2667. [O. Frs. for-spreka: O. H. Ger. sprehho.] v. edwít-, for-, fore-, ge-, mid-, on-spreca (-speca).
sprecan, specan; p. spræc, spæc; pl. sprǽcon, spǽcon; pp. sprecen, specen To speak. I. to exercise the faculty of speech :-- Se dumba spræc, Mt. Kmbl. 9, 33. Dumbe sprǽcon, Mk. Skt. 7, 37. Ðú byst suwiende, and ðú sprecan ne miht, Lk. Skt. 1, 20. Ænne lícþrowere . . . unsprecende forneán. . . . Rasilius gelǽdde hine forð wel sprecande, Homl. Skt. i. 3, 489. Wæs eall weoruld sprecende on án gereord, Wulfst. 211, 19. Geseónde dumbe specende (sprecende, MS. A.), Mt. Kmbl. 15, 31. II. to use words in conversation, discourse, etc.:--Ic ne sprece tó ðǽm, ac ic sprece tó ðé, Bt. 38, 5; Fox 206, 12. Ic secge ðis sárspell and ymb síþ spræce, Exon. Th. 458, 7; Hy. 4, 96. Hwæþer ic be mé sylfum spece. Se ðe be him sylfum sprycþ, Jn. Skt. 7, 17, 18. Nú ðú sprycst openlíce, 16, 29. Eorl óðerne tǽleþ behindan, spreceþ fægere beforan, Frag. Kmbl. 8; Leás. 5. Ðá spræc se ofermóda cyning, Cd. Th. 22, 9; Gen. 338. Hió spræc him þicce tó, 43, 1; Gen. 684. Drihten wið Abrahame spræc, 139, 2; Gen. 2303. Hig spǽcon (sprǽcon, MS. A.) him betwýnan, Lk. Skt. 24, 14. Ðæt ðú ne belge wið mé, gif ic spræce. . . . Nú ic ǽne begann tó sprecanne tó mínum drihtne, ic wylle sprecan git, Gen. 18, 30-31. Ic eom ásend wið ðé sprecan, Lk. Skt. 1, 19. Ðonne hé spreocan ongan, Cd. Th. 269, 25; Sat. 78. III. with acc. (a) where the object of the verb is word or a similar form :-- Ic ðás word spræce, Exon. Th. 457, 12; Hy. 4, 82. Ðú ða word spricest, 12, 2; Cri. 179. Se ðe God sende sprycþ Godes word, Jn. Skt. 3, 34. Ðú worn fela ymb Brecan spræce, Beo. Th. 1067; B. 531. Him ellenróf andswarode, word æfter spræc, 688; B. 341. Ðæt gé on eárum sprǽcon, Lk. Skt. 12, 3. Hié fela sprǽcon sorhworda somed, Cd. Th. 49, 7; Gen. 788. Spǽcon, Ps. Th. 57, 3. Gilde ǽlc ðe hit (the exculpation on oath) ǽr sprece .cxx. sciɫɫ., L. Ath. i. 13; Th. i. 206, 6. Warna ðæt ðú nán þing elles ne sprece, búton ðæt ic ðé bebeóde, Num. 22, 35. Ðis synd ða word ðe ðú scealt sprecan tó folce, Ex. 19, 6. Ongan hospword sprecan, Andr. Kmbl. 2632; An. 1317. Ðæt ǽrende wæs sprecen, 3242; An. 1623: Beo. Th. 1290; B. 643. (b) where the object of the verb is a word denoting the matter expressed in the words spoken:--Ic rǽd sprece I give counsel in my words, Cd. Th. 115, 2; Gen. 1913. Ðú bysmor spycst blasphemas, Jn. Skt. 10, 36. Tunga his sprecþ dóm, Ps. Spl. 36, 32. Se ðe sóð spriceþ, Exon. Th. 3, 9; Cri. 33. Hé beót spriceþ, 290, 25; Wand. 70. Heó mé wom spreceþ, 402, 22; Rä. 21, 23. Ða ðe sprecaþ sybbe, Ps. Spl. 27, 4. Hié sprecaþ fácen and inwit, Cd. Th. 145, 30; Gen. 2413. Fela hé mé láðes spræc, 39, 9; Gen. 622. Ðam ðe sár sprece sáwle mínre, Ps. Th. 108, 20. (c) where the object is that which is spoken about, to mention :-- On swelcum cræftum swelce wé ǽr sprǽnoc, Past. 9; Swt. 59, 12. Of ðsǽm beorgum ðe wé ǽr sprǽcon (sǽdon, MS. L.), Ors. 1, 1; 805. 17, 44. Wé gehýrdon hí sprecan Godes mǽrða mid úrum gereordum, Homl. Th. i. 314, 19. III a. with a clause, to say :-- Hié sprǽcon, ðæt hit betere wǽre, Ors. 2, 3; Swt. 68, 8. Ðá gehýrde hé sumne ðara bróþra sprecan, ðæt hé wolde féran, Bd. 3, 2; S. 525, 5. III b. with the words that are spoken:--Hí sáre sprecaþ: 'Hwá gesyhþ úsic?' dixerunt, Quis videbit eos? Ps. Th. 63, 4. IV. with a gen.:--Míne fýnd sprǽcon mé yfeles, Ps. Th. 40, 8. V. with inst., to speak in a language, with words:--Ic sprece mongum reordum, Exon. Th. 390, 13; Rä. 9, 1. Beówulf beótwordum spræc, Beo. Th. 5014; B. 2510: Exon, Th. 253, 24; Jul. 185. Hé spræc him wordum tó, Ps. Th. 98, 7. Hé wordum wið his Waldend spræc, Cd. Th. 155, 22; Gen. 2576. Hé tó Noe spræc hálgan reorde, 89, 19; Gen. 1483. Hí sprǽcon úrum gereordum, Homl. Th. i. 314, 18. Tó Geátum spræc mildum wordum, Beo. Th. 2347; B. 1171. VI. with prep.:--Hé mid heardre ðreá hí on spræc and hí gebétte aspera illos invectione corrigebat, Bd. 3, 5; S. 527, 11. Wé sind an specende dicturi, Wrt. Voc. ii. 28, 66. On specende inspirans, 93, 40. On spæcende (swætende, Wrt.), 47, 31. Ongeán sprecendes obloquentis, Ps. Spl. 43, 18. ¶ In technical terms, v. sprǽc, X, sprecan æfter, on, ymb to sue for, make a claim against, lay claim to :-- Ðæt orf ðæt ic on spece the cattle that I lay claim to, L. O. 2; Th. i. 178, 15. Ágnung biþ nér ðam ðe hæfþ ðonne ðam ðe æfter sprecþ, L. Eth. ii. 9; Th. i. 290, 21. Ða fíf hída ðe Æðelm Híga ymb spycþ. . . . Ongon Híga him specan on mid óðran onspecendan and wolde him óðflítan ðæt lond the five hides about which Æthelm Higa has a suit . . . Higa along with other claimants began to make a claim against him (Helmstan), and wanted to get the land from him by litigation, Chart. Th. 169, 17-24. Ðá spræc ic on ða mágas then I made a claim against the kinsmen, 167, 18. Hé spæc on his ágene módor æfter sumon dǽle landes, 337, 4. Ðá gemǽtæ hé ða swutelunga and ðǽrmid on ðæt land spæc, ongan ðá tó specenne on ðat land, 302, 12. Hine man tó rihte gelǽde ðám ðe him on sprǽcon (those that bring charges against him), L. Eth. i. 4; Th. i. 284, 1. Ðone áð ðe se gelýfan mihte ðe on sprece, L. Ed. 1; Th. i. 158, 18. Ðæt nán man on his yrfenuman ne spece that no man bring an action against his heir, L. Eth. iii. 14; Th. i. 298, 10. Ðone áð syllan, ðæt hé mid folcrihte on ðæt land sprece, L. O. D. 1; Th. i. 352, 13. [O. Frs. spreka: O. Sax. sprek&dash-uncertain;an: O. H. Ger. sprehhan.] v. á-, be-, for-, forþ-, ge-, mis-, ofer-sprecan; un-sprecende, for-, fore-sprecen.
sprecel a spot (?). v. haran-specel. [Cf. Spreckled speckled, Halliwell's Dict.: spreckly, spreckled, Jamieson's Dict. O. H. Ger. sprehhiloht maculosus: Icel. spreklóttr speckled.]
sprecend, sprecende. v. on-sprecend, un-sprecende.
sprecol, specol; adj. Talkative, loquacious :-- Wer sprecul vir linguosus, Ps. Spl. 139, 12. v. fela-, ofer-, swíð-sprecol.
sprecolness, e; f. Talkativeness, loquacity :-- Genihtsumian on gebeórscypum specolnyss gewunaþ abundare in conuiuiis loquacitas solet, Scint. 170, 15. v. ofer-sprecolness.
sprengan; p. de To cause to spring. I. to scatter :-- Ðú gaderast ðǽr ðú ne sprengdest (sparsisti), Mt. Kmbl. 25, 24. His eágan wǽron spearcan sprengende, Homl. Th. i. 466, 26. II. to sprinkle, (a) an object with something:--Ðú spren[g]st Aaron and his reáf, Ex. 29, 21. Hé nam ðæt blód and sprengde ðæt folc, 28, 8. (b) something on to an object:--Sprænge se mæssepreóst háligwæter ofer hig ealle, L. Ath. iv. 7; Th. i. 226, 23. Genim ðás ylcan wyrte gesodene, sprengc intó ðam húse, Lchdm. i. 264, 15. Nime se sacerd his blód arid dyppe his finger ðǽron and sprenge on dæt ryft, Lev. 4, 17, 6. (c) government uncertain:--Ðá ðá hé sprencde dum rorat, Germ. 402, 43. III. to burst, crack (cf. to spring a leak, sprung, applied to a bat):--Hé sceáf mid ðam scylde, ðæt se sceaft tóbærst, and ðæt spere sprengde (shivered the spear-head), ðæt hit sprang ongeán, Byrht. Th. 135, 52; By. 137. IV. as a medical term, to apply a clyster, v. spring, IV (3):--Ðæt mon on morgen on sprenge, Lchdm. ii. 48, 24. [Sprengeð on mid hali water, A. R. 16, 9. O. H. Ger. sprengen quassare, rorare: Ger. sprengen to burst, scatter, sprinkle: Icel. sprengja to burst: Dan. sprænge: Swed. spränga.] v. á-, be-, ge-, geond-sprengan.
spreót, es; m. A pole, sprit (in bow-sprit):--Spreót contus, Wrt. Voc. i. 33, 61. Ánes mannes lenge ðe healt ánne spreót on his hand and strecþ hine swá feor swá hé mæg árǽcan intó ðere sǽ statura unius hominis tenentis lignum quod Angle nominant spreot, et tendentis ante se quantum potest, Chart. Th. 318, 10. Spreótas trudes vel amites. Wrt. Voc. i. 35, 43: trudes (in a list of things connected with ships), 48, 13: 57, 16: 64, 7: ansatas, ii. 3, 68: contos, 14, 72. Spreótum, spreútum contis, Txts. 48, 211. [Prompt. Parv. sprete contus: Du. spriet sprit: Dan. sprød: Swed. spröt.] v. eofor-spreót.
sprinca glosses circopythicos, Wrt. Voc. ii. 131, 29.
sprincel, es; m. A wicker-basket :-- Sprinclum fiscillis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 108, 58: 35, 43. [Cf. Dan. sprinkel, sprinkel-værk trellis, lattice.] Cf. tǽnel, windel.
sprincting, sprind. v. springung, springd.
sprindel a tenter-hook :-- Sprindel (-il) tenticum, Txts. 101, 2003. Spindel, Wrt. Voc. i. 289, 18. v. next word.
spring, spryng, es; m. (but eá-spring; n.) I. a source of water:--Spring casta (castalia?), Wrt. Voc. ii. 129, 31. Æt ðæs wæteres sprynge, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 389, 7. [Prompt. Parv. sprynge scaturigo, scatebra: O. L. Ger. gi-spring fons: O. Sax. aho-spring: O. H. Ger. ur-spring fons.] v. ǽ-, eá-, ge-, will-spring. II. a springing, rising, spring in day- spring, v. up-spring. III. what springs up or from. [Sprynge of a tre or plante, springe or yonge tre planta, plantula, Prompt. Parv. 470.] v. of-spring. IV. as a medical term, (1) an ulcer, a sore, pustule :-- Spryng carbunculus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 102, 46: 13, 11: papula, 116, 22. Carbunculus spring vel angset vel pustula, i. 19, 19. Tó sealfe wið springe, Lchdm. ii. 80, 8. Wið ðæt man wille spring on gesittan, i. 2, 19. Láðlíc biþ ðæs hreóflian líc mid menigfealdum springum and geswelle, Homl. Th. i. 122, 22: 336, 33. Wið uncúðe springas ðe on líchoman ácennede beóþ, Lchdm. i. 150, 14. Springas (sprincas, MS. B.), 262, 10. [Cf. O. H. Ger. gesprinc pustula.] v. fǽr-, wen-, wund-spring. (2) a flux :-- Wið ðæs magan springe, ii. 190, 16 (where see note): 192, 12. (3) a squirting, sprinkling :-- Mon sceal ǽr mid wearmum springum and háte wætre beþian and þweán ða stówe, 202, 21. Mid spryngum, 206, 17: 208, 14.
springan; p. sprang, pl. sprungon; pp. sprungen To spring. I. to leap, bound :-- Ðæt cild on sprang the babe leaped in her womb (Lk. 1, 41), Blickl. Homl. 165, 29. Hrá wíde sprong, syþðan hé drepe þrowade, Beo. Th. 3181; B. 1588. II. to burst forth, of a fluid to spirt, of sparks, etc., to fly :-- Ðæt spere sprang ongeán the spear-head sprang out again (under the pressure of the shield), Byrht. Th. 135, 53; By. 137. Leád wíde sprong the drops of boiling lead flew far, Exon. Th. 277, 24; Jul. 585. Swát ǽdrum sprong the blood spirted from the veins, Beo. Th. 5925; B. 2966. Wíde sprungon hildeleóman, 5158; B. 2582. Sprungon spearcan of ðam múðe, Shrn. 120, 26. III. to grow as a plant:--Swá swá of ánum treówe springaþ manega bogas, swá gáþ of ánre lufe manega óðre mihta, Homl. Th. ii. 314, 22. Hig hrædlíce up sprungon, for ðam ðe hig næfdon ðære eorðan dýpan, Mt. Kmbl. 13, 5. IV. to rise as the sun, cf. spring, II:--Up sprungenre sunnan sole orto, Mt. Kmbl. 13, 6. V. to move as a spring moves :-- Þeáh ðú teó hweicne boh ofdúne tó ðære eorþan, swá ðú hine álǽtst, swá sprincþ hé up. Bt. 25; Fox 88, 24. VI. to spread, be diffused :-- Ða wíde springaþ crebrescunt, Hpt. Gl. 517, 4. Wíde springaþ, wídmérsiaþ, 471, 16. Ðes hlísa sprang (spranc, Lind.) ofer eall ðæt land exiit fama haec in universam terram illam, Mt. Kmbl. 9, 26. Sprang ɫ foerde processit, Mk. Skt. Rush. 1, 28: Beo. Th. 36; B. 18: Apstls. Kmbl. 12; Ap. 6. Ða sprang ðæt word the report spread, Homl. Th. i. 384, 8: Ap. Th. 25, 13. Wíde springende crebrescens, Hpt. Gl. 519, 37: 513, 21. [O. Sax. springan to spring as blood from a wound: O. Frs. springa: O. H. Ger. springan to spring as water: Icel. springa to burst, crack.] v. á-, æt-, ge-, geond-, on-, tó-springan.
springd, sprind; adj. Active, vigorous :-- Snellne, sprindne adultum, juvenem, Hpt. Gl. 485, 26. Geþogenne ɫ sprindne adultum, maturum, 491, 13. Sprindne adultum, Anglia xiii. 34, 186. His geðoht is springdra and swiftra ðonne xii. ðúsendu háligra gásta, Salm. Kmbl. p. 150, 34. y. next word.
springdlíce, sprindlíce; adv. Actively, vigorously :-- Sprindlíce ɫ cáflíce naviter, alacriter, agiliter, velociter, Hpt. Gl. 405, 22. Fromlíce ɫ sprinlíce naviter, velociter, viriliter ɫ fortiter, 423, 71.
springung (?), e; f. Growth :-- Mǽda ɫ sprinctinge (sprincunge?) ɫ grénnessa prata, viriditates, Hpt. Gl. 409, 38. v. á-springung.
spring-wyrt, e; f. Wild caper, caper-bush, -plant, -spurge; Euphorbia lathyris, Lchdm. ii. 104, 2: 106, 1. [O. H. Ger. spring-wurz actureda, lactaridia; springa actureda, lactarida.]
sprot, es; n. A sprout, shoot, twig, small branch :-- Sprote with a rod(?), Coll. Monast. Th. 23, 35. Sprota sarmentorum, ramorum, qui de vinea exciduntur, Hpt. Gl. 445, 32: 489, 10: palmitum, Germ. 401, 16. Sprotum sarmentis, 401, 24. [Halliwell gives sprote-wood as a word still in use for small wood or sticks for firing. Jamieson gives sprot (1) the withered stump of any plant, broken and lying on the ground; (2) the end of a branch blown off a growing tree; (3) a chip of wood, flying from the tool of a carpenter. O. L. Ger. gi-sprot surculum: Du. sprot a sprout, twig (Hexham).] v. sprútan, and newt word.
sprota, an; m. I. a sprout, shoot :-- Sprotena sarmentorum, Hpt. Gl. 478, 64. II. a peg :-- Nægl oððe sprota clavus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 22, 10. [I ne have stikke, i ne have sprote, Havel. 1142. O. H. Ger. sprozzo rung of a ladder: Ger. sprosse: Icel. sproti a shoot, twig; a rod.] v. preceding word.
sprott, es; m. A sprat :-- Ða myclan hwælas and ða lytlan sprottas and eall fisckynn, Anglia viii. 310, 18. [A sprott hec epimera, Wrt. Voc. i. 222, col. 2. Du. sprot: Ger. sprotte.]
-sprungenness. v. á-, on-sprungenness.
sprútan; p. spreát, pl. spruton; pp. sproten To sprout. [Blosme, þat beo ha eanes fulliche forcoruen, ne spruteð ha neauer eft, H. M. 11, 20. Egredietur uirga de radice lesse an gerd sal spruten of iesse more, O. E. Homl. ii. 217, 25. In a night sua did it sprute, C. M. 11216. Sproutyn̄. pululo, Prompt. Parv. 471. Faine sal he sproutand ai laetabitur germinans, Ps. 64, 11. O. Frs. sprúta; pp. spruten.] v. á-spreótan (read -sprútan), geond-spreót.
sprýtan, sprítan (?); p. te To sprout, spring as a plant:--Of ðam blado bealwa gehwilces sprýtan (spryttan?) ongunnon, Cd. Th. 61, 10; Gen. 995. v. spryttan.
sprytele, sprítele(?), an; f. A twig, chip. (v. quotation from Jamieson's Dict. under sprot):--Men of ðære ylcan styde sprytlan ácurfon astulis ex ipsa destina excisis, Bd. 3, 17; S. 544, 43. [Halliwell gives sprittel a sprout or twig. Cf. O. H. Ger. spruzil: M. H. Ger. sprüzzel rung of a ladder. Or(?) cf. M. H. Ger. sprízel a splinter.] v. sprot and spreót.
spryttan; p. te I. intrans. To sprout, spring, germinate :-- Ðonne sprit his gird germinabit virga ejus, Num. 17, 5. Up spryt rihtwísnys orietur justitia, Ps. Lamb. 71, 7. Tó ðý hé sprytt, ðæt hé mid cwyldum fornyme swá hwæt swá hé æ-acute;r sprytte, Homl. Th. i. 614, 9. Ðonne treówa spryttaþ, ðonne wite gé ðæt hit sumorlæ-acute;hþ, 614, 4. Ðonne treów and wyrta æ-acute;rest up spryttaþ, Lchdm. ii. 148, 6: Met. 29, 68. Up spryttende pululantes, Wrt. Voc. ii. 66, 4. Folc weóx swilce hig of eorðan spryttende wæ-acute;ron creverunt et quasi germinantes mulliplicati sunt, Ex. 1, 7. Ealle spryttende þingc universa germinantia, Hymn. T. P. 76. Eft spryttendum ðám twigum renascentibus virgultis, Bd. 1, 21; S. 485, 5. [He is ase þe wiði þet sprutted ut þe betere þ-bar; me hine ofte croppeð, A. R. 86, 15.] II. trans, (a) To put forth a shoot, bring forth fruit:--Seó eorðe spryt hyre wæstmas eów, Homl. Skt. i. 13, 159. Ðes wíngeard sprytte Godes gecorenan, Homl. Th. ii. 74, 4: i. 614, 10. Spritte seó eorðe grówende gærs germinet terra herbam virentem, Gen. 1, 11. God hét ða eorðan spryttan grówende gærs, Hexam. 6; Norm. 10, 33. Næ-acute;nne wæstm tó spryttanne, Homl. Th. ii. 90, 18. (b) to incite (cf. þurh þes (Ranulf's) macunge and tóspryttinge se eorl pis land mid unfriðe gesóhte, Chr. 1101; Erl. 238, 1):--Sprytte instigavit, Anglia xiii. 36, 245. Ðá sprytte se deófol ðæt folc tó his (Christ's) siege, Homl. Th. i. 216, 14. Ðæt hé ðisne freóls æ-acute;fre gefyrðrian wolde, and his bearn tó ðam ylcan sprittan wolde, Chart. Th. 116, 22. v. á-spryttan.
sprytting, e; f. (but pl. in -as in Ps. Lamb. 79, 12) A sprig, shoot, sprout, plant :-- Ne biþ spryttingc on wíngeardum non erit germen in uineis, Cant. Abac. 17. Spryttinc incrementum, spryttincgum ɫ eácnungum incrementis, fructibus, Hpt. Gl. 491, 56-59. Háligre spryttinge almo germine, Hymn. Surt. 76, 3. Sprettinge forð bringende germen proferens, 19, 35. Sprittincga plantaria, plantationes, Hpt. Gl. 433, 34. Gescóp se ælmihtiga God eorðan and ealle eorðlíce spryttinga, Lchdm. iii. 234, 3. Hé ástrehte óþ flód his spryttingas extendit usque ad flumen propagines ejus, Ps. Lamb. 79, 12.
spura, spurnan, spurnere. v. spora, spornan, spornere.
spurul glosses calcatiosus, Txts. 110, 1162.
spynge, an; f. A sponge :-- Elpendes hýd wile drincan wǽtan gelíce and spynge déþ (tanquam spongia), Ors. 5, 7; Swt. 230, 27. Hí bewundon áne spyngan (spingan, MS. B.) mid ysopo, Jn. Skt. 19, 29 MS. A. Spingan, Mk. Skt. 15, 36. Spincgan, Homl. Th. ii. 256, 32. Spync ɫ Spynga, Lind.: spynge, Rush. Mt. Kmbl. 27, 46. v. sponge.
spyrcan, spyrcing. v. spircan, spircing.
spyrd, es; m. The word glosses stadium (1) with the meaning a course :-- Ða ðe in spyrde iornaþ qui in stadio currunt, Rtl. 5, 33. (2) with the meaning a measure of distance :-- Swelce spyrdas fífténe (spyrdum fífténum, Lind.) quasi stadiis quindecim, Jn. Skt. Rush. 11, 18. Swelce spyrdo fífe and twoegentig quasi stadia .xxv., 6, 19. Ðara spyrda stadiorum, Lk. Skt. Lind. Rush. 24, 13. In all these passages the West-Saxon uses furlang. [Goth. spaurds (1) a course; (2) a distance: O. H. Ger. spurt stadium.]
spyre-mann, es; m. One who tracks :-- His speremon the man who tracked him, Chart. Th. 172, 25. v. spor-wrecel.
spyrian; p. ede, ode I. to track, go in a track (v. spor, spyreman), follow, make a journey in search of something :-- Deáð spyraþ (spyreþ, Met. 27, 9) æ-acute;lce dæge æfter fuglum and æfter diórum and æfter monnum, and ne forlæ-acute;t nán swæþ, æ-acute;r hé geféhþ ðæt, ðæt hé æfter spyreþ, Bt. 39, 1; Fox 210, 28-212, I. ERROR Nyle deáð æ-acute;nig swæð forlæ-acute;tan, æ-acute;r hé gehende ðæt hé hwíle æ-acute;r æfter spyrede, Met. 27, 16. Mon mæg giet gesión hiora swæð ac wé him ne cunnon æfter spyrigean we can still see their track, but we do not know how to follow the track after them, Past. pref.; Swt. 5, 16. II. to maku a track, go :-- Mec fugles wyn geond speddropum spyrede geneahhe . . . beám telge swealg stóp eft on mec síþade sweartlást me (a book) throughout the bird's joy (the pen) with drops made frequent tracks, . . . swallowed the tree's dye (ink), stepped on to me, journeyed with footprints black, Exon. Th. 408, 7; Rä. 27, 8. Syndan onhrérede anlícast hú druncen hwylc spyrige as any drunken man makes his way, Ps. Th. 106, 26. III. to enquire, investigate, examine :-- Ðá cwæþ se wísdóm: 'Hwí . . . ?' Ðá andswarode ic: 'Genóh ryhte ðú spyrast, swá hit is swá ðú segst, Bt. 26, 2; Fox 92, 18. Hí spyredan hwæt and hwonan hé wæs investigantes unde vel quis esset, Bd. 1, 33; S. 499, 11. Geléfe hé ðæt wit on riht spirien (spyrigen, Cott. MS.) let him believe that we conduct the enquiry aright, Bt. 38, 2; Fox 198, 27. Uton spirian (spyrian, MSS. G. I.) be bócan, hwæt ða gefóran, ða ðe God lufedon, Wulfst. 130, 11. Ic ongann ðíne spræ-acute;ce spyrian georne ut meditarer eloquia tua, Ps. Th. 118, 148. Spirian enucleare, Hpt. Gl. 498, 16. Spiriende indagando, inquirendo, 410, 52: scrutando, investigando, meditando, 479, 20. III a. with æfter, (1) to enquire after or into, seek to know about :-- Ðære spræ-acute;ce ðe wit æfter spyriaþ the subject into which we are enquiring, Bt. 38, 2; Fox 198, 26. Se ðe wile wíslíce æfter ðam hlísan spyrian, ðonne ongit hé, hú lytel hé biþ, 18, 1; Fox 60, 28. Wé sceoldon eallon mægne spirian æfter Gode, 42; Fox 256, 1. (2) to search after, seek to attain :-- Ealle men spyriaþ æfter ðam héhstan góde. Ac ne mágon ða yfelan cuman tó ðam hrófe eallra góda, forðam hí ne spyriaþ on riht æfter, 39, 9; Fox 224, 24-27. Hwý nyllaþ hí spyrigan æfter cræftum and æfter wísdóme, 36, 6; Fox 180, 32. Spirigan, 35, 1; Fox 154, 19. Hí æ-acute;fre ne lyst æfter spyrian, sécan ða gesæ-acute;lþa, Met. 19, 33. [Speer, speir to ask in Scot. and North-E.: O. H. Ger. spuren, spurien investigare, indagare, sciscitari: Icel. spyrja to track; to investigate; to ask.] v. á-, ge-, of-spyrian.
spyrigend, spyrgend, spyriend, es; m. An enquirer, investigator :-- Speriend investigator, Kent. Gl. 384. Godes spyrigendes of an enquirer after God, Salm. Kmbl. 281; Sal. 140. v. á-spyrigend.
spyrigung, spyrgung, spyriung, e; f. Enquiry, investigation :-- Spiriungum ɫ áxungum argumentis, Hpt. Gl. 524, 50. [O. H. Ger. spurunga indagatio, investigatio.] v. á-spyrgung.
spyrnung, e; f. Spurning. v. æt-, óþ-spyrning.
spyrran, spyrring. v. sperran, sperring.
spyrte, an; f. A basket :-- Spyrte fiscella, Germ. 400, 492. Spirte cistula, Wrt. Voc. i. 288, 33: ii. 17, 7. Of ðære láfe wǽron gefyllede seofon spyrtan. . . . Spyrte biþ, swá swá gé sylfe witon, of rixum gebroden, oððe of palmtwygum, Homl. Th. ii. 402, 6-9: 396, 8. Siofun sperta septem sportas, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 15, 37: 16, 10. [Lat. sporta.]
spyttan to spit :-- Spittas (-es, Lind.) conspuent, Mk. Skt. Rush. 10, 34. Spittadun expuerunt, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 26, 67. Spittende expuentes, 27, 30. [Blod to spitten ant te speowen, Jul. 48, 18. Þenne spit leccherie meidenhad oþe nebbe, H. M. 17, 13. Spit him amidde þe bearde, A. R. 290, 20. Cf. Ger. speutzen, spützen: Icel. spýta.] v. ge-spittan.
staca, an; m. A stake :-- Nygon fét of ðam stacan tó ðære mearce, L. Ath. iv. 7; Th. i. 226, 12. Ðǽr his bróðor heáfod stód on stacan gefæstnod, Homl. Skt. ii. 26, 166. Wrí ðysne circul on ánum mealan stán on uppan ðam stacan, Lchdm. i. 395, 3-5. Mon hæfde ða burg mid stacum gemearcod, wulfas átugan ða stacan up, Ors. 5, 5; Swt. 226, 17-19. Álege ðone man upweard, dríf .ii. stacan æt ðám eaxlum, Lchdm. ii. 342, 5. ¶ In the following passages there seems to be a reference to the method of witchcraft, that consisted in thrusting a pin or the like into the figure of a person, whom it was desired to injure. On this practice, see, inter alia, Brand's Antiquities, ed. Hazlitt, vol. iii. p65, Grmm. D. M. 1045, and the Glossary to Thorpe's edition of the Early Laws, s. v. stacung:-- Gif hwá drífe stacan on ǽnigne man. ...And gif se man for ðære stacunge deád biþ si quis acus in homine aliquo defixerit. ...Et si homo ex illa punctura mortuus sit, L. Ecg. P. iv. 17; Th. ii. 208, 26-29: L. Edg. C. 38; Th. ii. 274, 26-28. (In each case the section occurs amongst regulations dealing with witchcraft.) Án wyduwe and hire sune drifon íserne stacan on Alsie, Wulfstánes feder... Man téh ðæt morð forð of hire inclifan. Ða nam man ðæt wíf and ádrencte hí æt Lundenebrigce, Chart. Th. 230, 12-19. [O. Frs. stac[e].]
stacga (?), an; m. A stag :-- Regalem feram, quam Angli staggon appellant, L. C. F. 24; Th. i. 429, 5. [Cf. Icel. steggi, steggr a he-bird; in modern usage also a tom-cat.]
stacung, e; f. Staking, piercing with a stake. v. passages under staca.
stæf, es; m. I. a staff, stick :-- Staeb olastrum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 115, 49. Stæf, 63, 41: baculus, i. 80, 2: fustis, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 28; Zup. 55, 9. Ðín gyrd and ðín stæf (baculus) me áfréfredon, Ps. Th. 22, 5. Mid gierde men biþ beswungen, and mid stæfe hé biþ áwreðed. Gif ðǽr ðonne sié gierd mid tó ðreágeanne, sié ðǽr eác stæf mid tó wreðianne, Past. 17; Swt. 126, 2. Gangan bí stafe to walk with the aid of a staff, L. Alf. 16; Th. i. 48, 10: Ex. 21, 19. Mid ylpenbánenon stæfe ða eorðan delfan, Lchdm. i. 244, 24. 'Hafa ðé mínne stæf on handa.' Se drý ðá nam ðone stæf Homl. Th. ii. 418, 1-2. Ða cild rídaþ on heora stafum, and manigfealdne plegan plegiaþ, Bt. 36, 5; Fox 180, 9. Stafas vectes, Ps. Lamb. 106, 16. II. a written character, a letter, the old letters having been carved on staves. Cf. Germ. buch-stabe :-- Littera is stæf on Englisc, and is se læsta dǽl on bócum ... Wé tódǽlaþ ða bóc tó cwydum, and syððan ða cwydas tó dǽlum, eft ða dǽlas tó stæfgefégum, and syððan ða stæfgefégu tó stafum; ðonne beóþ ða stafas untódǽledlíce; forðan ðe nán stæf ne byþ náht, gif hé gǽþ on twá. Ǽlc stæf hæfþ þreó ðing, nomen, figura, potestas, Ælfc. Gr. 2; Zup. 4, 18-5, 5. S, wuldres stæf, Salm. Kmbl. 225; Sal. 112: 250; Sal. 124. Ic háten eom, swá ða siex stafas sweotule bécnaþ, Exon. Th. 407, 4; Rä. 25, 10. Áwriten Gréciscum stafum, Lk. Skt. 23, 38. Gemétte ic sweartum stafum áwritene eall ða mán ðe ic ǽfre gefremede, Bd. 5, 13; S. 633, 8. Oft gehwá gesihþ fægre stafas áwritene, ðonne heraþ hé ðone wrítere and ða stafas, and nát hwæt hí mǽnaþ, Homl. Th. i. 186, 1-3: Lchdm. iii. 290, 13. Ne cúðe hé bóclíce stafas ... hé nǽnne stæf ne cúðe, Homl. Th. ii. 96, 24-30. II a. a mark in writing :-- Stafum apicibus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 5, 29. II b. a letter as representing a minute detail :-- Án strica oððe án stæf ðære ealdan ǽ ne biþ forgǽged, Homl. Th. ii. 200, 1. III. in pl. a collection of written symbols, a letter, writing :-- Hé mé ealle on stafum áwrát, Bd. pref.; S. 472, 3. Ðysne geleáfan hé gýmde gefæstnian sinoþlícum stafum ... Ðara stafa is ðes fruma, 4, 17; S. 585, 14-17: 41. Swá hwæt swá hé of godcundum stafum geleornode whatever he learnt from the sacred writings, 4. 24; S. 596, 33. Bæd hé ðone Abbud ðæt hé him sende trymmendlíce stafas and gewrito (exhortatorias litteras), 5, 21; S. 642, 38: Chr. 167; Erl. 8, 15. Nim ðíne stafas and wrít hundeahtatig, Lk. Skt. 16, 7. IV. letters, book-learning, literature :-- Bóclícum stafum litteris liberalibus, Hpt. Gl. 503, 55. Hú meta cann ðes stafas, ðonne hé ne leornode? Jn. Skt. 7, 15. Hé ðá wæs in stafas and on leornunge getogen, Guthl. 2; Gdwin. 18, 6. [Goth. stabs an element, a rudiment: O. Sax. O. L. Ger. [bók-]staf: O. Frs. stef: O. H. Ger. stap baculus, virga, regula: Icel. stafr a staff, post; a letter; in pl. learning.] v. ár-, bóc-, candel-, cranc-, di[s]-, ende-, fácen-, gebregd-, gleó-, gyrn-, hearm-, heg-, inwit-, leád-, píl-, rún-, sár-, sorh-, wróht-, wyrd-stæf (-stafas); stafa.
stæf-cræft, es; m. I. the art of letters, grammar :-- Ic Ælfríc wolde ðás lytlan bóc áwendan tó Engliscum gereorde of ðam stæfcræfte, ðe is geháten grammatica ... forðan ðe stæfcræft is seó cǽg ðe ðæra bóca andgit unlícþ, Ælfc. Gr. pref.; Zup. 2, 13-17. Gramma is on Englisc stæf, and grammatica is stæfcræft, 50; Zup. 289, 10. Litteratus se ðe can stæfcræft, 43; Zup. 257. 7. II. skill in letters (v. stæf, IV), learning, study :-- Ðeodorus mid hálgum gewritum and stæfcræftum hí (the English) georne hét beón lǽrende literarum sanctarum coeperint (Angli) studiis imbui, Bd. 4, 2; S. 565, 12. [Crist sceolde don us mid his mihte þat stefcreft ne mihte, O. E. Homl. i. 235, 35.] v. next two words.
stæfcræftig; adj. Skilled in letters :-- Stæfcræftigra grammaticorum, Hpt. Gl. 410, 69. Stæfcræftira, 473, 16. Stæfcræftigera, 529, 34. Stæfcræftiera grammaticorum, litteratorum, 459, 58.
stæf-cyst, e; f. Excellence in letters or learning, book-learning, :-- 'Leornodest ðú ǽfre sealmas oþþe óþre hálige gewritu?' 'Ic stæfcyste ne leornode ne ðæra manna nánum ne hlyste ðe ða smeádon and rǽddon' 'didst thou ever learn psalms, or other holy writings?' 'I never learned anything from books, nor have I listened to any of those men that have studied and read them,' Homl. Skt. ii. 23 b, 593. Cf. stæf-cræft, II.
Stæf-ford Stafford :-- Æt Stæfforda, Chr. 913; Th. i. 186, col. 2.
Stæfford-scír Staffordshire :-- Ðá férdon hí intó Stæffordscíre, Chr. 1016; Erl. 154, 3.
stæf-gefég, es; n. I. a combination of letters (a) that forms a syllable :-- Syllaba is stæfgefég on ánre orðunge geendod. A domo fram húse; hér is se a for ánum stæfgefége; ab homine; hér is se ab án stæfgefég. Hwílon byþ ðæt stæfgefég on ánum stæfe, hwílon on twám, etc., Ælfc. Gr. 3; Zup. 7, 4-11. Wé tódǽlaþ ... ða ðǽlas tó stæfgefégum and syððan ða stæfgefégu tó stafum, 2; Zup. 5, 1-2. (b) that forms a diphthong :-- Dyptongus is twýfeald swég oððe twýfeald stæfgefég, 4; Zup. 7, 13. Diptongon, ðæt ys twýfeald stæfgefég, Anglia viii. 326, 4, II. a forming of letters in writing :-- Stæfgefég literaturam, Ps. Spl. 70, 17.
stæf-leornere, es; m. A learner of letters, a scholar :-- Stæfleornera stoicorum, Hpt. Gl. 479, 64. v. stǽr-leornere.
stæflic; adj. I. literal :-- Wé understandaþ ðæt gástlíce andgit ðæra bóca, and hí rǽdaþ ða stæflícan gereccednesse, Homl. Th. ii. 114, 35. Hí nellaþ understandan bútan ðæt steaflíce (stæf-, MSS. C. D.) andgit the literal meaning, Homl. Skt. ii. 25, 73. II. literate :-- Stæflecum liberalitatis (literatis?), Wrt. Voc. ii. 53, 55. [Icel. stafligr pertaining to letters.]
stæf-liðere, an; f.: -liðera, an; m. An engine for casting stones, a kind of sling :-- Staeblidrae, steblidrae, staefliðre ballista, Txts. 44, 136. Stæfliðere, Wrt. Voc. ii. 10, 62: fundabulum, i. 35, 31: fundibalum, 84, 36: balista, Hpt. Gl. 423, 63. Stæfliðera ballista, 487, 21. Stæfliðera[n] fundibulo, 521, 12.
stæfn, stæfnan. v. stefn, stefnan.
stæf-plega, an; m. A letter-game or a literary game :-- Staebplegan, staefplagan ludi litterari, ludi litterali, Txts. 72, 577. Stæfplegan, Wrt. Voc. ii. 51, 17.
stæf-rǽw, e; f. A letter-row, an alphabet :-- Mid stæfrǽwe endebyrdnesse tósceádene alphabeti ordine distinctum, Bd. 5, 24; S. 648, 40. [Cf. Icel. staf-róf an alphabet.]
stæf-róf glosses elimentum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 32, 24.
stæf-sweord, es; n. A sword-stick :-- Stæfsweord dolones, Wrt. Voc. i. 35. 55. [O. H. Ger. stapa-swert framea.]
stæf-wís; adj. Skilled in letters, literate :-- Gelǽred, stefwís, Lchdm. iii. 186, 24. v. un-stæfwís.
stæf-writere, es; m. A writer about letters or grammar :-- Stæfwríterum grammaticorum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 41, 33: 75, 40. The word glosses historiographus, 42, 45, but perhaps stær- should be read for stæf-: and 18, 67 stæfwríterum glosses caracteribus, which seems an error.
stæg, es; n. A stay, a rope supporting a mast :-- Stæg safo (in a list of nautical words), Wrt. Voc. i. 63, 60. [Icel. stag; n. a stay: Dan. stag. Cf. O. French estay (from German).] v. stæþ.
stǽgel; adj. Steep, abrupt :-- Staegilrae, stégelræ, staegilre praerupta, Txts. 84, 747. Heánne beám stǽlgne ( = stǽglne?) gestígan, Exon. Th. 42, 27; Cri. 679. [Jamieson gives stell steep. O. H. Ger. steigal abruptus. Cf. O. L. Ger. stégil crepido.]
stǽger, e; f. A staircase :-- Stǽger ascensorium, Wrt. Voc. i. 26, 37. Hé ástáh up tó ðære stǽgre ðe stód wið ðæs cáseres botl, Homl. Skt. i. 5, 438. Hé feóll of ánre stǽgere, 18, 232. [On þe steire of fiftene stoples, O. E. Homl. ii. 165, 34. Þolemodnesse haueð þreo steiren, A. R. 282, 7.]
stǽger; adj. Steep. [Þise twelue degres wern brode & stayre, A. P. 31, 1021. A cliffe so staire and so stepe, ib. 196, col. 1.] v. wiðer-stǽger; stǽgel.
stæl, es; n. I. a place :-- Stalu tó fuglum umbrellas, Txts. 107, 2153. II. place, stead :-- Cristenum cyninge gebyraþ ðæt hé sý on fæder stæle cristenre þeóde, L. I. P. 2; Th. ii. 304, 23: Beo. Th. 2963; B. 1479. Ic eom gesceádwísnes and is eom ǽlcum manniscum móde on ðam stale ðe seó háwung byþ ðam eágum, Shrn. 178, 9. Gé beóþ mé talade on bearna stæl, Exon. Th. 366, 13; Reb. 11: Cd. Th. 68, 7; Gen. 1113. III. stead (as in the phrase to stand a person in good stead. Cf. stælwirðe) :-- Hié ðæm ádrǽfdan on nánum stale beón ne mehton they could not be of any assistance to the exile, Ors. 5, 9; Swt. 232, 23. IV. situation, condition :-- Mé lyste witan be ðam gewitte, hweðer hyt æfter ðæs líchaman gedále and ðare sáwle weóxe ðe wanede, ðe hyt swá on stæle stóde, ðe hyt swá dyde, swá hyt ǽr dǽð on ðisse weorulde, óðre hwíle weóxe óðre hwíle wanode (cf. 200, 17-19), Shrn. 199, 26-30. v. æt-, on-stæl; steall.
stǽlan; p. de To impute a crime to (on, ongeán) a person, to charge, declare something against a person :-- Ic ðé þreáge and stǽle beforan ðé and ðé cýðe eal ðás yflu arguam te, et statuam contra faciem tuam, Ps. Th. 49, 23. Se deófol ða syndǽda stǽleþ on ða gástas the devil charges the spirits with their sinful deeds, Wulfst. 256, 7: Exon. Th. 84, 16; Cri. 1374. Stǽleþ fǽhðe declares enmity, Cd. Th. 305, 2; Sat. 640. Hé bútan leahtrum wæs clǽne geméted ðara ðinga ðe hine mon forewrégde and on stǽlde absque crimine accusatus fuisse inventus est, Bd. 5, 19; S. 639, 31. Wé ðec sóð on stǽldun we brought a true charge against thee, Exon. Th. 130, 17; Gú. 439. Wið mé árison leáse gewitan and stǽldon on mé ðæt ic náwþer ne nyste ne ne worhte exurgentes testes iniqui quae ignorabam interrogabant me, Ps. Th. 34, 12. Ic wolde andettan and stǽlan ongeán mé sylfne míne scylda pronuntiabo adversum me injustitias meas, 31, 6. Synne stǽlan, Menol. Fox 569; Gn. C. 54. Fǽhðe ic wille on weras stǽlan (of the threatened deluge), Cd. Th. 81, 27; Gen. 1352. Ic gefrægn mǽg óðerne billes ecgum on bonan stǽlan I heard that one kinsman with the edge of the sword brought home to the slayer the death of the other (? Eofor killed Ongentheow, who had slain his brother), Beo. Th. 4964; B. 2485. v. be-, ge-, ofer-stǽlan; -stál.
stæl-giest, es; m. A thievish guest (of an insect eating a book) :-- Þeóf in þýstro ... stælgiest ne wæs wihte ðý gleáwra ðe hé ðám wordum swealg, Exon. Th. 432, 13; Rä. 48, 5.
stæl-here; g. -her(i)ges; m. A marauding band, predatory army :-- Hié fóron út mid stælherge nihtes ... and genómon unlytel ǽgðer ge on mannum ge on ierfe, Chr. 921; Erl. 106, 13. Drehton ða hergas West-Seaxna lond mid stælhergum, 897; Erl. 95, 9. Ðæt hié ða burga hira módes wið stælherigas behealden, Past. 33; Swt. 229, 5.
stæl-hrán, es; m. A decoy-reindeer :-- Ða deór hí hátaþ hránas; ðara wǽron syx stælhránas; ða beóþ swýðe dýre mid Finnum, for ðæm hý fóþ ða wildan hránas mid, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 18, 11.
staeli steel, stællan to put in a stall, stællo. v. stéle, ge-stællan, steall.
stæl-tihtle, an; f. A charge of theft :-- Be stæltyhtlan (staltihtlan, MS. B.). Ðonne mon monnan betýhþ ðæt hé ceáp forstele, L. In. 46; Th. i. 130, 11: L. O. D. 4; Th. i. 354, 14. Gif hwá þurh stæltihtlan freót forwyrce, L. Ed. 9; Th. i. 164, 10.
stæl-wirðe; adj. Able to stand a person in good stead (v. stæl, II), serviceable :-- Se ðe geornlíce conn ongietan ðæt hé gadrige ðæt him stælwierðe sié qui sollicite noverit sumere, quod adjuvat, Past. 17, 5; Swt. 115, 3. Ða scipu ðe stælwyrðe wǽron binnan Lundenbyrig gebrohton the ships that could be of service they brought into London, Chr. 896; Erl. 94, 19. Hé gyfþ gooda gifa on ðissa wurlda; þeáh hí éca ne sién, hí beóþ þeáh stælwyrða ða hwíle ðe wé on ðisse wurlde beóþ, Shrn. 192, 6. [In later English the word seems used more in the sense of the modern stalwart = strong :-- Ic em hal and fere and strong and stelewurðe, ʒet ic mei longe libben, O. E. Homl. i. 25, 12. Þeo Þat beoð stalewurðe and warpeð mid strencðe ut of hare heorte hare unwreste wil, Jul. 44, 7. Þeo þ̄ stalewurðe beoð ant starke to ʒein me, Marh. 15, 32. Þou hart on staleworþe (hende, 1st MS.) gome, Laym. 3812. Gurguont, stalworþe mon and hardy, R. Glouc. 39, 4. A man þat es yhung and light, Be he never swa stalworth and wyght, Pr. C. 689. Cf. stanndenn stallwurrþlig ʒæn þe deofless wille, Orm. 1194. Louerd mi stalwurnesse (stalworthhede, other MSS.) Domine, virtus mea, Ps. 17, 2.] Cf. nyt-wirðe.
stæl-wyrt, e; f. Water starwort :-- Stælwyrt callitriche (cf. wæterwyrt callitriche, 67, 18), Wrt. Voc. i. 68, 15.
stǽna (or -e; f.), an; m. A stean, a pot of stone or earth :-- Stǽnan gillone (gillo lagena, vas vinarium), Wrt. Voc. ii. 42, 3, [Sete adun þine stene (waterpot, Jn. 4, 28), Misc. 85, 29. Stene (cruse, 1 Kings 17, 12), Wick. Into a stene lette hem be pressed, Pall. 4, 666. See Halliwell's Dict., and Spenser's F. Q. vii, stanza 42: Upon an huge great earth-pot steane he stood. O. H. Ger. steinna olla, cacabus.]
stǽnan; p. de I. to stone, cast stones at :-- Ðú stǽnæst (stǽnas, Lind.) ða ðe tó ðé sende wéran, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 23, 37. Ne stǽnas ué ðec non lapidamus te, Jn. Skt. Lind. 10, 32. Heó wæs stǽned óþ ðæt heó hire gást onsænde; ðá com þunerrád and ofslóh ðone mǽstan dǽl ðæs folces ðe hí stǽnde, Shrn. 57, 34-36. Hig hine stǽndon, Jos. 7, 25. Stǽne hine man mid stánum, Lev. 20, 2. Ðá hét se déma hine stǽnan, Shrn. 48, 28. Tó stǽnenna, Jn. Skt. Rush. 11, 8. Hí hine gelǽddon tó stǽnenne, Homl. Th. i. 46, 35. Hé for ðǽm stǽnendum gebæd, 52, 19. Hý wǽron stǽned, and ða stánas wǽron on bæc gecyrred, Shrn. 135. 27. [Goth. stainjan: O. H. Ger. steinón.] v. ge-, of-stǽnan. II. to adorn with (precious) stones. [O. H. Ger. gi-steinen.] v. á-stǽned.
stǽnen (in the oblique cases the -en is sometimes contracted or absorbed; see below, and for other instances see under stapol); adj. I. stony. v. next word :-- Se áfeól of his horse ofer stǽnene eorþan, and him wǽron ða limo gecnyssed, Shrn. 126, 18. Of sandigum ɫ stǽnenum de arenosis, Hpt. Gl. 449, 26. II. metaph. of stone, stony, hard as stone, (1) in a good sense :-- Ic ðé secge, ðæt ðú (Peter) eart stǽnen, and ofer ðysne stán ic timbrige míne cyrcan, Homl. Th. i. 364, 23. (2) in a bad sense :-- Hié, wǽron stǽnenre heortan and blindre, Blickl. Homl. 105, 27. Hí hæfdon stǽnene heardnysse on heora heortan, Homl. Th. ii. 236, 21. Hæfdon heortan stǽn[e]ne, Exon. Th. 40, 20; Cri. 641. III. stone, made of stone, built of stone :-- Stǽnen elefæt alabastrum, Wrt. Voc. i. 24, 40. Stǽnen cyrice ecclesia de lapide facta, Bd. 3, 23; S. 555, 12. Stǽnen bedd, Shrn. 69, 4. Ðæt stǽnna fæt alabastrum, Mk. Skt. Rush. Lind. 14, 3. Be ðære stǽnenan strǽte the paved way, Blickl. Homl. 189, 13. Stǽnen weofod altare lapideum, Ex. 20, 25. Weall stǽnene, Cd. Th. 101, 33; Gen. 1691. Wíf hæbbende stǽnna (stǽna, Rush.) fulle smirinisse mulier habens alabdstrum unguenti, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 26, 7. Ða stǽnenan bredu the tables of stone, Past. 17; Swt. 125, 18: Ex. 31, 18. Stǽnene (sǽnine, Lind.) wæterfatu, Jn. Skt. 2, 6. Geond ealle ðás strǽt and stǽnene wegas, Homl. Skt. i. 14, 156. [Goth. staineins: O. Frs. sténen: O. H. Ger. steinín.]
stǽner (? v. stǽnen, I) stony ground :-- In stǽrer (stǽnen?) in petrosa, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 13, 5. Stǽner, 20. Ofer stǽnere super petrosa, Mt. Skt. Rush. 4, 5, 16. Stǽnero, Lind. 4, 16.
stæng, stǽnig. v. steng, stánig.
stǽniglic; adj. Stony :-- On stǽnilícum stówum, Lchdm. i. 216, 20.
stǽning, e; f. I. stoning, casting of stones :-- Saulus heora mód tó ðære stǽninge geornlíce tihte, Homl. Th. i. 50, 30: ii. 236, 29: Shrn. 32, 1. II. ornamenting with stones. v. bleó-stǽning.
stæpe, stepe, es; pl. stæpas, stapas, stæpe; m. I. a step, pace (lit. and fig.) :-- Stæpe, stepe passus, Ælfc. Gr. 11; Zup. 79, 8. Ne mágon becuman ða stæpas ðæs weorces ðieder ðe hé wilnaþ, Past. 11; Swt. 65, 17. Ágotene synt míne stapas (stæpas, Spl.), Ps. Lamb. 72, 2. Ǽlc ðæra stæpa and fótlǽsta ðe wé tó cyricean weard gestæppaþ, Wulfst. 302, 26. Mid heora þeáwa stæpum Drihtne filiaþ, Homl. Th. i. 120, 28. Se ðe beforan ðǽm stæpum his weorca ne lócaþ, Past. 39; Swt. 287, 18. His weg and his stæpas tó sceáwianne, 18; Swt. 131, 21. Geriht míne stæpas on ðíne wegas,,Ps. Th. 16, 5. Stapas, Ps. Lamb. 84, 14: 118, 133: Wulfst. 247, 2. Gelǽd mé on stige ðǽr ic stæpe míne on ðínum bebodum brýce hæbbe deduc me in semitam mandatorum tuorum, Ps. Th. 118, 33. I a. a step, pace as a measure of distance :-- Stæpe passus, furlang stadium, Wrt. Voc. i. 38, 8. Nis án stæpe ðæt seó eá wille oferyrnan, Wulfst. 211, 14. Ne gang ðú, móna, ánne stæpe furðor, Jos. 10, 12. Swá hwá swá ðe genýt þúsend stapa, Mt. Kmbl. 5, 41. II. stepping, going :-- Germanus ðam healtan geongan his stæpe geedníwode and ðam Godes folce geedníwode ðone stæpe rihtes geleáfan Germanus claudo juveni incessum et populo Dei gressum recuperarit fidei, Bd. i. 21; S. 485, 5-9. Strong on stæpe, Exon. Th. 498, 23; Rä. 88, 6. III. a step, that on which the foot may be placed :-- Ðá ástáh Isachar up on ðone ýtemestan stæpe the topmost of the steps leading to the temple, Homl. Ass. 129, 431. Stapas vel stírápas scansilia, Wrt. Voc. i. 41, 34. On ðære hlǽddra is twá and sixti stapa, Anglia xi. 5, 22. Stæpena, 4, 11. Ne gá ðú on stapum tó mínum weofode, Ex. 20, 26. Hé stíhþ be ðære hlǽddre stapum, Homl. Skt. i. 1, 22. III a. that on which the lower part of any thing rests, the step of a mast, a pedestal :-- Stepe bassis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 12, 50. Hig fæstniaþ ðone stepe þurh ða þilinge, Shrn. 35, 14. Tredelas vel stæpas bases, Wrt. Voc. i. 21, 48. Hearpan stapas cerimingius (? v. stalu), Wrt. Voc. ii. 130, 40. IV. a degree :-- Hád oððe stæpe (stepe) gradus, Ælfc. Gr. 11; Zup. 79, 9. Positivus is se forma stæpe (stepe), comparativus is se óðer stæpe (stepe), superlativus is se ðridda stæpe (stepe), 5; Zup. 15, 20. Synd þrý stæpas gecorenra manna. Se nyðemysta stæpe ... Se óðer stæpe is on wydewan háde ... Se héhsta stæpe is on mægðhádes mannum, Homl. Th. ii. 70, 17-23: 94, 15. Be ðám twelf stæpum eáðmódnesse. Ðære forman eáðmódnysse stæpe is, R. Ben. 23, 16. Seofon stapas sindon háligra háda ... Ðone forman stæpe béte man mid áne punde ... Æt ðam ódrum stæpe twá pund tó bóte ... Æt ðam þriddan stæpe, etc., L. E. B. 1-8; Th. ii. 240, 242. [O. Frs. stap: O. H. Ger. stapfo passus, gradus, incessus, vestigium.] v. in-, on-stæpe; ord-stapu (read -stæpe); in-stæpe, -stæpes.
stæpe-gang, es; m. A step :-- Ic stepegongum weóld I had control of my steps, Exon. Th. 353. 34; Reim. 22.
stæp-mǽlum; adv. I. step by step :-- Wæs gesewen micel cyrce tó ðære hí stæpmǽlum ástigon (cf. Blickl. Homl. 207, 11), Homl. Th. i. 508, 12. II. step by step (fig.), gradually, by degrees :-- Stæpmǽlum gradatim, per singulos gradus, Hpt. Gl. 497, 54: Scint. l01, 13. Ðæt mód glít niðor and niðor stæpmǽlum, Past. 38; Swt. 279, 3. Suǽ suǽ on sume hlǽdre, stæpmǽlum, proem.; Swt. 23, 17: Shrn. 188, 12. [O. H. Ger. stapf-málum gradatim.]
stæppa (or -e), an; m. (or f.) A step :-- Þúsend stæppan mille passus, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 5, 41.
stæppan, steppan; p. stóp; pp. stapen To step, go, proceed :-- Ic stǽppe gradior, Ælfc. Gr. 29; Zup. 185, 18. Gange se wífman tó birgenne, and stǽppe ofer ða byrgene ... Ðonne heó tó hyre hláforde on reste gá, ðonne cweþe heó: 'Up ic gange, ofer ðé stæppe,' Lchdm. iii. 66, 18-26. Ic steppe on grénne græs, Exon. Th. 396, 16; Rä. 16, 5. Ðonne stæpþ se sacerd tǽlleáslíce on ðone weg tunc sacerdos irreprehensibiliter graditur, Past. 13, 1; Swt. 77, 18: Homl. Th. i. 374, 21. Hé stæpþ beforan ðison folce praecedet populum istum, Deut. 3, 28. Stepeþ, Exon. Th. 264, 34; Jul. 374. Steppeþ, 499, 33; Rä. 88, 25. Rúmaþ, steppaþ cedunt; Wrt. Voc. ii. 19, 19: 87, 64. Stóp forð (prodiit) se ðe deád wæs, Jn. Skt. 11, 44. Deáð neálǽcte, stóp stalgongum, sóhte sáwelhús, Exon. Th. 170, 17; Gú. 1113. Se cyning stóp tóforan ðam biscope, Bd. 3, 14; S. 540, 36. Seó wífman stóp inn ingressa, Jud. 4, 21: Cd. Th. 69, 16; Gen. 1136. Se apostol stóp intó ðære byrig, Homl. Th. i. 60, 11: Byrht. Th. 134, 3; By. 78. Hé wið ðǽs beornes stóp, 135, 41; By. 131. Hié stópon tó ðam gysterne, Judth. Thw. 21, 29; Jud. 39: 24, 36; Jud. 227: Cd. Th. 95, 26; Gen. 1584. Stæppaþ ryhte, ne healtigeaþ leng, Past. 11; Swt. 65, 18. Ðýlæs hé ofer ðone ðerscold stæppe, 13; Swt. 77, 22: Lchdm. ii. 124, 6. Ðæt hié stæppen on ryhtne weg, Past. 18; Swt. 131, 25. Ðǽr ic stæppan scyle, Ps. Th. 16, 5: Cd. Th. 86, 22; Gen. 1434: Wulfst. 303, 10: Homl. Th. i. 118, 32. Steppan, Ps. Th. 31, 9: Wulfst. 239, 11: Cd. Th. 88, 2; Gen. 1459: 279, 35; Sat. 248. Com stæppende sum cempa, Homl. Th. i. 452, 14. [O. Sax. stóp; p.: O. Frs. steppa; p. stóp; pp. stapen: cf. O. H. Ger. stepfen, stapfón.] v. æt-, be-, for-, fore-, forþ-, ge-, in-, of-, ofer-, on-, wið-stæppan (-steppan, -stapan. In the compounds, instead of stapan read stæppan).
stæppe-scóh a slipper :-- Stæppesós subtalaris, Wrt. Voc. i. 289, 8. Steppescóh, ii. 121, 73.
stær, es; m. A starling, a stare (the latter is the name used in some dialects. v. E. D. S. Pub. Bird Names, and Halliwell's Dict.) :-- Staer sturnus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 121, 17. Stær, i. 63, 6: turdus, 77, 30. Stær turdus, se máre stær turdella, 29, 40, 41. Etan gebrǽdne stær, Lchdm. ii. 320, 4. Staras ɫ hrondsparuas passeres, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 10, 29. Staras (stearas, Rush.), Lk. Skt. Lind. 12, 6. [O. H. Ger. stara sturnus, turdus: Ger. staar: Icel. stari: Dan. stær a starling: Swed. stare.]
stǽr, stér, steór, es; n. A history; historia :-- Tó eallum ðe ðis ylce stǽr becyme úres cynnes tó rǽdanne omnes ad quos haec eadem historia pervenire poterit nostrae nationis legentes, Bd. pref.; S. 472, 33. Ðæt getæl ðæs hálgan stǽres and spelles ... Song hé eall ðæt stǽr Genesis illum seriem sacrae historiae ... Canebat de tota Genesis historia, 4, 24; S. 598, 5-10. In ðyssum úrum stǽre, 4, 30; S. 609, 33. Be stǽre Angelþeódes cyricean, 5, 24; S. 647, 16: 4, 22; S. 592, 31. On Ongelcynnes steóre, ðæt is, on historia Anglorum, Shrn. 87, 7. Ðara Abbuda stǽr and spell ðysses mynstres on twám bócum ic áwrát, Bd. 5, 24; S. 648, 28. On ðis úre cyriclíce stér, 4, 7; S. 574, 28.
stær-blind; adj. Blind from giddiness, purblind, quite blind :-- Stæ[r]-blind scotomaticus (cf. scotomaticorum, cecorum, 78, 20), Wrt. Voc. ii. 119, 81. Næfþ nán man tó ðæs unhále æágan, ðæt hé ne máge lybban be ðare sunnan and hire nyttian, gyf hé ényg wiht geseón mæg, búton hé stareblind sí, Shrn. 187, 5. Sume unæáðe áwiht geseóþ; sume beóþ stæreblinde and nyttiaþ þeáh ðare sunnan, 27. Stærbli[nde] scotomaticos, Hpt. Gl. 478, 20. [Bi daie þu (the owl) art stareblind, O. and N. 241. O. Frs. staru-, stare-, star-blind: O. H. Ger. stara-plint: Ger. staar-blind suffering from cataract: Dan. stær-blind purblind: Swed. starr-blind quite blind: cf. Icel. star-blinda blindness.]
stærced-, sterced-ferhþ; adj. I. having the mind strengthened, stouthearted, courageous :-- Deareðlícende (the Huns) on Danúbie stærcedfyrhðe stæðe wícedon, Elen. Kmbl. 75; El. 38. Stercedferhþe hæleþ, Judth. Thw. 22, 9; Jud. 55. II. of hard or cruel mind :-- Drógon hine (St. Andrew) ymb stánhleoðo stærcedferðe cruelhearted ones dragged him about the stony slopes, Andr. Kmbl. 2468; An. 1235.
stǽr-leornere (?), es; m. One who learns history, a historical scholar :-- Stǽrleornera (? stæf-, v. stæf-leornere), leornera stoicorum (storicorum?), Hpt. Gl. 503, 64.
stǽr-trahtere, -tractere, es; m. One who treats of history :-- Stǽrtractere commentarius, Wrt. Voc. ii. 132, 42.
stǽr-wrítere, es; m. A writer of history, a historian :-- Swá swá sóþsagol stǽrwrítete (verax historicus) ða þing ðe be him oþþe ðurh hine gewordene wǽron ic áwrát, Bd. 3, 17; S. 545, 5. Stæfwrítere (stǽr-?) historiographus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 42, 45. Swá swá Trogus and Iustinianus sédon heora stǽrwríteras, Ors. 4, 4; Swt. 164, 12: 2, 1; Swt. 60, 25.
stæþ (?) a stay :-- Stæð safon (in a list of nautical words. In a similar list stæg, q. v., occurs as the gloss),Wrt. Voc. i. 56, 63. Cf. stæððan, stæððig.
stæþ, es; n. A bank, shore, the land bordering on water :-- Stæð ripa, Wrt. Voc. i.,54, 19. Stæð vel brerd labram, margo, vel crepido, 57, 25. Of ðæm mere ðe Truso standeþ in staðe, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 20, 9. On ðam staþe ðe is genemned Ypwines fleót, 449; Erl. 12, 2. Treówlícre hit is be staðe tó [swim]manne, ðonne út on sǽ tó seglanne, Prov. Kmbl. 64. On geofones staðe, Cd. Th. 215, 8; Exod. 580: Exon. Th. 361, 11; Wal. 18. On Sæferne staþe, Chr. 894; Erl. 92, 23. Hé befeól ofer ðam stæðe intó ðam streáme, Homl. Th. ii. 160, 5: Elen. Kmbl. 76; El. 38. Of stæðe on óðer from one bank of the boundary stream to the other, L. O. D. 1; Th. i. 352, 4, 11: 2; Th. i. 354, 3: 6; Th. i. 354, 25. Sume cuce tó ðam stæðe cómon, and ða man sóna ofslóh æt ðære eá múðan, Chr. 794; Erl. 59, 23: Byrht. Th. 132, 32; By. 32. Æt Wendelsǽ on stæðe, Elen. Kmbl. 463; El. 232. Stæð marginem, Hpt. Gl. 492, 72. Be wætera staðum, Ps. Th. 22, 2. Stæðum marginis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 58, 25. Betweox stæðum between those living on the two sides of the boundary stream, L. O. D. 2; Th. i. 352, 16. Oft stille wæter staðo brecaþ, Prov. Kmbl. 63. Streámas staþu beátaþ, Exon. Th. 382, 4; Rä. 3, 6: Met. 6, 25. Staþu ástígan geswinc getácnaþ. Of staþe niþer stígan gódne tíman getácnaþ, Lchdm. iii. 210, 16. ¶ In the following passage the word seems to be masculine :-- Wægn brohte beornas ofer burnan from stæðe heáum, ðæt hý stópan up on óðerne of wǽge, Exon. Th. 405, 6; Rä. 23, 19. [Uppen Seuarne staþe, Laym. 7. Stathe a wharf, Halliwell's Dict. Goth. staths a shore: O. Sax. stað a bank, shore: O. H. Ger. stad, stado ripa, litus, margo.] v. bord-, eá-, streám-, súþ-, wǽg-stæþ.
stæþ-fæst; adj. Firm on the shore (? epithet of sea-cliffs), stable :-- Heáhcleofu stíð and stæðfæst, staþelas wið wége, Exon. Th. 61, 7; Cri. 981.
stæþ-hlipe; adj. Running to the shore(?), steeply sloping, precipitous :-- Stæþhlépe divexum, i. inclinatum, pronum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 141, 52. Hí ne mihton ofer ðæt scræf swá swæðhlýpe (stæþ-?) [wæs] dǽr hí gongan [sceoldon] ǽr ðon hié gerýmdon ðone upgang and geworhtan they could not pass the cave, so steep was it where they had to go, before they had cleared and constructed the ascent, Blickl. Homl. 201, 16. v. next word.
stæþhliplice; adv. At a steep inclination :-- Wæs dæt hús ... on scræfes onlícnesse...; and gelómlíce ða stánas swá of óðrum clife stæðhlýplíce út sceoredon, Blickl. Homl. 207, 20. v. preceding word.
stæþ-swealwe, an; f. A sand-martin :-- Staeðsuualwe ripariolus, Wrt. Voc, ii. 119, 22. Gif mon fundige wið his feónd tó gefeohtanne, stæþswealwan briddas geseóþe on wíne, ete ðonne ǽr, Lchdm. ii. 154, 5.
stæððan to make staid, to stay :-- Saga hwá mec rǽre, ðonne ic restan ne mót, oþþe hwá mec stæðþe, ðonne ic stille beóm, Exon. Th. 387, 4; Rä. 4, 74.
stæððig; adj. Staid, sober, sedate, grave :-- Ðæt cild Cúðberhtes dyslícan plegan mid stæððigum wordum þreáde, Homl. Th. ii. 134, 7. v. ge-, un-stæððig, and next word.
stæððigness, e; f. Staidness, sedateness, gravity, seriousness :-- Ðǽr is stæðignyss ióguðe, Wulfst. 265, 8. Móderlícere stæððinysse materna gravitate, Hpt. Gl. 469, 37. Hé on heálícere stæððignysse symle þurhwunode he ever continued deeply serious, Homl. Th. ii. 134, 22. Gif wé ða ungesceádwíslícan styrunga on stæððignysse áwendaþ, 210, 31. Fore stilnesse stæððinesse propter taciturnitatis gravitatem, R. Ben. Inter. 26, 6.
stæþ-weall, es; m. The wall formed by the shore :-- Sǽs up stigon ofer stæðweallas, Cd. Th. 83, 7; Gen. 1376.
stæþ-wyrt, e; f. A plant name, Cockayne suggests statice, Lchdm. ii. 78, 3.
stafa (?), an; m. A letter :-- Stafana litterarum, Hpt. Gl. 460, 54 v. stæf.
stafian; p. ode To direct, dictate :-- Se geréfa ðone áð him swór swá hé hyne sylf stafode the steward swore the oath to Abraham, as Abraham himself dictated it, Gen. 24, 9. Abraham ðurh wítegunge stafode ðone að, Homl. Th. ii. 234, 34. [O. H. Ger. stabén dirigere: Icel. stafa eið to dictate an oath to a person.]
-stál. v. ge-, on-, wiðer-stál; stǽlan.
stala one who steals. v. ge-stala.
stál-ærn, es; n. A place where charges are heard (? v. stǽlan. Or stál = staþel; cf. stálian = staþelian) :-- Stálern consistorium, Wrt. Voc. ii. 133, 70.
stalaþ(-eþ), stalcung, staled. v. staþel, stealcung, reád-staled.
stal-gang, es; m. A stealthy step :-- Deáð neálǽcte, stóp stalgongum, sóhte sáwelhús, Exon. Th. 170, 17; Gú. 1113. v. stalian, II.
stalian; p. ode I. to steal :-- Se ðe stalaþ on Sunnanniht, L. Alf. pol. 5; Th. i. 64, 22. Ðæra þeófa ðe staledon, L. Ath. i. 3; Th. i. 200, 24. Ne stala ðú, L. Alf. 7; Th. i. 44, 19: Homl. Th. ii. 208, 24. Be stale. Gif hwá stalie (stalige) ... Gif hé stalie (stalige) on gewitnesse ealles his hírédes, gongen hié ealle on þeówot, L. In. 7; Th. i. 106, 14-17: 22; Th. i. 116, 9-10. Be þeófum. Gif þeóf ofer ðæt stalige, L. Ath. i. 1; Th. i. 198, 25. II. to proceed stealthily, steal upon a person :-- Hé oftrædlíce on Rómáne stalade Marianum exercitum creberrimis incursionibus fatigavit, Ors. 5, 7; Swt. 230, 9. Læcedemonie hæfdon máran unstillnessa ðonne hié mægenes hæfden and hlóðum on hié (the Thebans) staledon Lacedaemonii, inquieti magis quam strenui, tentant furta bellorum, Ors. 3, 1; Swt. 100, 2. v. for-, ge-stalian.
stálian ( = staþelian) to confirm :-- Stálige (staþelige, L. I. P. 4; Th. ii. 308, 3) man and strangie and trymme hí georne mid wíslícre Godes lage, Wulfst. 267, 21. Cf.(?) efenstáledan conficiebantur, Wrt. Voc. ii. 133, 31.
stalla, stallere, stal-tihtle. v. stealla, steallere, stæl-tihtle.
stalu, e; f. I. theft, stealing :-- Stalu ne lufaþ náne yldinge stealing loves not any delay, Homl. Th. i. 220, 9. Be stale. Gif hwá stalie, L. In. 7; Th. i. 106, 14. Gif hwá Godes cyricean brece for stale, L. Ecg. P. iv. 24; Th. ii. 210, 30: Blickl. Homl. 75, 31. Sum wer wæs betogen ðæt hé wǽre on stale, Homl. Skt. i. 21, 265. Se ðe cyricean ǽhte mid stale áfyrde, Bd. 2, 5; S. 506, 30. Sume stale fremmaþ, 1, 27; S. 490 9, 5. Of ðære heortan cumaþ stale (stala, MS. A.), Mt. Kmbl. 25, 19: Mk. Skt. 7, 22. Ða heáfodleahtras sind ... leásgewitnyssa, stala, Homl. Th. ii. 592, 5. Stala furtum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 38, 31. Móna se syxteóða nánum þingum nytlíc nymþe stalum, Lchdm. iii. 192, 7. II. what is stolen :-- Stalu biþ funden, 186, 14: 188, 2. Gif hé næbbe, hwæt hé wið ðære stale sylle, sylle man hine wið feó, Ex. 22, 3. Gif preóst mycele stale forstele, L. Ecg. C. 11; Th. ii. 140, 14. Gif hwylc man medeme þing stele, ágyfe ða stale ðam ðe hig áhte, L. Ecg. P. ii. 25; Th. ii. 192, 20: iv. 24; Th. ii. 212, 1. III. a fine payable for theft, Chart. Th. 138, 17. See Kemble's Saxons in England, ii. 329. IV. anything done by stealth :-- Ðæt scs Petrus on dæge folce be Criste sǽde, ðonne wrát scs Marcus ðæt on niht, and hé ðæt hæl sce Petre; for ðon his godspell is swá cweden, furtum laudabile, hergendlíco stalo, Shrn. 74, 22. [To cumen bi stale ferliche, O. E. Homl. i. 249, 20. O. H. Ger. stala furtum.] v. ge-stalu.
stalu, e; f. A stale :-- Hearpan stala the pieces of wood into which the strings are fixed (?): ceminigi, Wrt. Voc. ii. 130, 66 (cf. 40). [Scheome and pine beoð þe two leddre stalen þet beoð upriht to þe heouene, and bitweonen þeos stalen beoð þe tindes ivestned, A. R. 354, 18-20.]
stalung, e; f. Stealing, robbery :-- Án hirde, se wæs Veriatus háten, wæs micel þeófmon and on ðære stalunge hé wearð reáfere Viriathus, homo pastoralis et latro, primum infestando vias, deinde vastando provincias, Ors. 5, 2; Swt. 216, 7.
stam, stamm; adj. Stammering :-- Stom, wlisp balbutus, Txts. 45, 277: blessus, 308. Stam battulus (balbutus?), 109, 1150. Stomm blessus, stom, wlisp balbutus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 10, 72, 75. [Goth. stamms: O. H. Ger. stam, stamm: Icel. stamr, stammr.]
stamer (-or, -ur); adj. Stammering :-- Stomer balbutus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 125, 12. Stamer balbus, i. 45, 51. Stamur, 75, 37. Stamor blessus, 288, 9. Stamerum balbis, ii. 81, 41: Hpt. Gl. 478, 14: 507, 45. [Cf. O. H. Ger. stamel balbus.]
stamerian; p. ode To stammer :-- Stamaraþ balbutit, Germ. 392, 12. Mé þinceþ ðæt mé sió tunge stomrige, Shrn. 42, 33. [Cf. O. H. Ger. stam[m]elón balbutire.]
stammettan; p. te To stammer :-- Stommeteþ mutulat, Wrt. Voc. ii. 57, 68.
stampe a pestle. [O. H. Ger. stampf pilum.] v. píl-stampe; stempan.
stán, es; m. I. stone as a material :-- Hig hæfdon tygelan for stán, Gen. 11, 3. Genim geoluwne stán take ochre, Lchdm. i. 374, 14. Se ðe ofer ðone stán (supra petrosa) ásáwen is, Mt. Kmbl. 13, 20. II. a stone, a piece of stone :-- Se pitt wæs geheled mid ánum stáne ... Hig áwylton ðone stán of ðam pitte, Gen. 29, 2-3. Hé nam stánas and léde under his heáfod, 28, 11. II a. a stone for building, wrought stone :-- Ne biþ lǽfed stán uppan stáne, Mt. Kmbl. 24, 2. Lóca hwylce stánas hér synt, Mk. Skt. 13, 1. Holum stánum fornicibus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 40, 5. Ne tymbra ðú ðæt of gesnidenum stánum, Ex. 20, 25. II b. a stone (in its natural state or wrought) that serves as a mark :-- Andlang herepaðes west on ðone þyrla[n) stán; of ðam stáne on ðone háran stán, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 406, 12 (and often). Hé nam ðone stán and árǽrde hine tó mearce, Gen. 28, 18. II c. an image of stone :-- Se stán mǽlde for mannum (cf. ic bebeóde ðæt ðeós onlícnes word sprece, 1460; An. 731), Andr. Kmbl. 1532; An. 767. II d. a stone to which worship is paid. v. stán-weorþung :-- Gehátaþ hý ælmessan þurh deófles láre oðþon tó wylle oððon tó stáne, Wulfst. 12, 3. Gif hwylc man his ælmessan geháte oððe bringe tó hwylcon wylle oððe tó stáne, L. Ecg. P. ii. 22; Th. ii. 190, 24. Gif friðgeard sí on hwæs lande ábúton stán oððe wille, L. N. P. L. 54; Th. ii. 298, 16. Ða gemearr ðe man drífþ ... on stánum, L. Edg. C. 16; Th. ii. 248, 6. Cf. Si quis ad fontes vel ad lapides votum voverit, L. Th. P. 27, 18; Th. ii. 34, 6-8. Gé þeówiaþ fremdum godum, stoccum and stánum, Deut. 28, 36. Hǽðenscipe biþ ðæt man weorðige wæterwyllas oððe stánas, L. C. S. 5; Th. i. 378, 20. II e. a stone that contains metal :-- Ða gyldenan stánas and ða seolfrenan aureae arenae, Bt. 34, 8; Fox 144, 30. II f. a precious stone :-- Gerénod mid golde and mid ðæm stáne iacinta, Past. 14; Swt. 83, 24. Stáne gelícast gladum gimme, Exon. Th. 219, 5; Ph. 302. II g. a stone in the bladder :-- On ðære blǽdran stánas weaxaþ, Lchdm. ii. 238, 18: i. 212, 22. III. rock, a rock (lit. and fig.) :-- Ðæt hig sucon hunig of stáne and ele of ðam heardustan stáne, Deut. 32, 13. Hé lǽdde wæter of stáne (de petra), Ps. Spl. 77, 19. Gé tó ðam lifgendan stáne staþol fæstniaþ, Exon. Th. 281, 30; Jul. 654. Ic stande beforan ðé uppan Oreb stáne (supra petram Horeb), Ex. 17, 6. Ðú eart Petrus and ofer ðisne stán (petram) ic timbrige míne cyricean, Mt. Kmbl. 16, 18: 7, 24. Stearcheort styrmde, stefn in becom under hárne stán, Beo. Th. 5100; B. 2553. Stánum cautibus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 18, 15. [Goth. stains: O. Sax. O. Frs. stén: O. H. Ger. stein: Icel. steinn.] v. beácen-, ceosel-, clif-, cweorn- (cwyrn-), eá-, earcnan- (eorcnan-, eorcan-, eorclan-), flór-, gefóg-, gim-, grund-, hiéwe-, hwet-, hyrn-, loc-, mægen-, mǽr-, marm-, marman-, marmor-, mylen-, nume-, papol-, pumic-, sealt-, tæfl-, tigel-, weall-, weorc-stán.
stán-æx, e; f. A stone axe; or(?) an implement for working stone [Halliwell gives stone-ax a stone-worker's axe] :-- Stánæx bipennis, Wrt. Voc. i. 34, 60. Stánex, 84, 68. For an account of stone axes found in England, see Wright's The Celt, the Roman, and the Saxon, pp. 69 sqq.: see also Nilsson's Stone Age, pp. 60 sqq. v. stán-bill.
stán-bæþ, es; n. A vapour bath made by the help of heated stones on to which water was poured :-- Dó on troh háte stánas wel gehǽtte, gebeþe ða hamma mid ðam stánbaðe; ðonne hié sién geswáte, recce hé ða bán, Lchdm. ii. 68, 4-7. Stánbæþ, 10, 13: 60, 9. Tó stánbæþe, 106, 16. Sele him stánbaðu gelóme, 106, 25.
stán-beorh, -beorges; m. A stony elevation, rocky hill :-- On gerihte wið ðæs lytlan stánbeorges up on hæslhille; of ðam stánbeorge ofer ða ðene ... tó ðon lytlan stánbeorge; of ðam stánbeorge tó ðon óðerum lytlan stánbeorge, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 194, 15-18. Of riscmere on stánbeorg, iii. 453, 23. Stánbeorh, 381, 1. Stánbeorh steápne, Beo. Th. 4432; B. 2213. Sunt termini ab occasu stánbergas, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. i. 159, 14.
stán-berende stone-bearing, stony :-- In ðǽm stánberendum in glanigeris (glarigeris?), Wrt. Voc. ii. 48, 51.
stán-bill, es; n. An implement of stone, or one used in working stone :-- Bill marra, stánbill mastellas, Wrt. Voc. ii. 57, 71. v. stán-æx.
stán-boga, an; m. A natural stone arch :-- Hé geseah stondan stánbogan, streám út ðonan brecan of beorge, Beo. Th. 5083; B. 2545. Seah on enta geweorc hú ða stánbogan (of the cave within the rock) stapulum fæste éce eorðreced innan healde, 5429; B. 2718. [Icel. stein-bogi, steina-brú a stone arch or bridge (a natural one).]
stán-brycg, e; f. A stone bridge :-- Andlang bróces óð stánbrycge, súð from stánbrycge, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 429, 9-10. Andlang burnan óð hit cymþ ðér Blíðe út scýt; ðæt andlang Blíðan óð ða stánbriccge; ðæt eást of ðære bricgge, 421, 34. Ðis sint ða landgemǽre ... Ǽrest on stánbriccge; of stánbriccge eást onlang Temese, v. 395, 29-31. Stánbricge(?) lithostratos, Wrt. Voc. i. 22, 6.
stán-bucca, an; m. A mountain goat :-- Ðes stánbucca hic cynyps, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 57; Zup. 68, 5. [O. H. Ger. stein-boch caper, Capricornus.]
stán-burh a town built with stone, a walled town(?) :-- Steápe stán-byrig, Cd. Th. 133, 17; Gen. 2212.
stanc a sprinkling :-- Stanc pluvicinatio, Wrt. Voc. i. 46, 25. v. stancrian, stencan.
stán-carr rock, stone :-- Stáncarr heard petram durissimam, Rtl. 19, 21.
stán-ceastel, -cistel, es; m. A chestnut-tree :-- Ðonon súðrihte wið ðara stánceastla, and ðonne of ðǽm stánceastlum, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. ii. 172, 16. On ðane stáncistel, iii. 434, 33. v. cystel, stán-cist.
stán-ceosel, es; m. Sand :-- Hí getimbrode hys hús ofer stánceosel, Mt. Kmbl. 7, 24 MS. A. Stáncislas glareas, Hpt. Gl. 449, 16.
stán-cist, -cisten a chestnut-tree :-- Of ðane þorne on ðo stáncysten on holencumbe; of ðane stáncyste on blacmanne bergh, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iv. 8, 22. v. cisten-, cyst-beám, stán-ceastel.
stán-clif, es; n. A rocky cliff, a rock :-- Hé of stánclife burnan lǽdde qui eduxit aquam de petra rupis, Ps. Th. 135, 17. Beorgas ðǽr ne muntas steápe ne stondaþ, ne stánclifu heáh hlifiaþ, Exon. Th. 199, 8; Ph. 22. Sume flugon æfter stánclifum, Elen. Kmbl. 269; El. 135. Stormas stánclifu beótan, Exon. Th. 307, 13; Seef. 23. Stáncleofu, Beo. Th. 5073; B. 2540.
stán-clúd, es; m. A rock :-- Haec Caribdis án stánclúd on sǽ, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 78; Zup. 75, 7. Ðá áhéng se munuc áne lytle bellan on ðam stánclúde, Homl. Th. ii. 156, 5. God him (the Israelites) forgeaf wæter of heardum stánclúde, 264, 22: Homl. Skt. i. 6, 279. Stánclúd rupem, Ps. Lamb. 113, 8. Swelce hit sié ongemong miclum and monigum stánclúdum tóbrocen quasi per obviantia saxa frangatur, Past. 9; Swt. 59, 7.
stán-cræftiga, an; m. A skilled worker in stone :-- Ðæt wǽron .iiii. stáncræftigan ... and nǽron náne óðre him gelíce; hý gesénodon ǽlce morgen heora íserngelóman, and ðonne nǽron hý ná tóbrocene, Shrn. 146, 13.
stancrian to sprinkle :-- Ic stancrige pluvicino, Wrt. Voc. i. 46, 26. Cf. stanc.
stán-cropp, es; m. Stone-crop; sedum acre :-- Nim stáncroppes sǽd, Lchdm. iii. 72, 10.
stán-crundel a tumulus of stones(?) :-- Tó ðam stáncrundle, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 408, 33.
stand, es; m. A stand, stay, pause, delay :-- Miððý stondas (stando, Lind.) monige wérun cum mora multa fieret, Mk. Skt. Rush. 6, 35.
standan; p. stód, pl. stódon; pp. standen To stand. I. of attitude, (1) of persons :-- Ðonne gé standaþ eów tó gebiddenne, Mk. Skt. 11, 25. Stand ofer ðone man, Lchdm. ii. 104, 10. Stande on heáfde, 154, 2. Ða ðe beóþ mid hiora ágnum byrðennum ofðrycte, ðæt hié ne mágon standan, Past. 7; S. 50, 25. (2) of things :-- Segnas stódon the banners were raised, Cd. Th. 214, 7; Exod. 565. Hé ðǽr geseah swer standan there was an upright column, Blickl. Homl. 239, 21. II. of situation or position, (1) of persons :-- Ic stande beforan ðé uppan Oreb stáne, Ex. 17, 6. Ic niste, ðæt ðú stóde ongeán mé, Num. 22, 34. Æðelm self stód ðǽrinne mid, Chart. Th. 171, 8. Ðá stódan him twegen weras big, Blickl. Homl. 121, 23. Lǽde hig tó ðære eardungstówe dura, ðæt hig standon ðǽr mid ðé, Num. 11, 16. Pharao mǽtte, ðæt hé stóde be ánre eá, Gen. 41, 1. Geseah hé deófol ðǽr unfeor standan, Blickl. Homl. 227, 24. (2) of things :-- Se port stent betuh Winedum and Seaxum and Anglum, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 19, 23. Se steorra ána stent, Met. 29, 16. Nis ðæt feor heonon, ðæt se mere standeþ, Beo. Th. 2729; B. 1362. Se tóð se ðe bí ðam standeþ, L. Ethb. 51; Th. i. 16, 4. Ða wíc ðe beforan inc stondeþ, Blickl. Homl. 77, 22. Sió burg stód bí ðære sǽ, Past. 52; Swt. 409, 33. Ðá com genip and stód æt ðære dura, Ex. 33, 9. Him æt heortan stód ord, Byrht. Th. 136, 3; By. 145: Beo. Th. 5352; B. 2679. Gemearca hú ða tyrf ǽr stódon, Lchdm. i. 398, 5. Ða stánas on ðæm mǽran temple ... ǽr hié mon tó ðæm stede brohte ðe hié on standan sceolde, Past. 36; Swt. 253, 15. (3) of time :-- Ðæt se dæg swíðe neáh stóde his forþlóre, Bd. 4, 3; S. 568, 16. II a. of situation or position in a figurative sense, denoting resistance, assistance, representation, degree, etc. :-- Stande ðæs cyreáð ofer .xx. peninga let his oath be valid in matters above xx pence, L. Ath. i. 15; Th. i. 204, 15. Stande ðæt spor for ðone foráð, iv. 2; Th. i. 222, 16. Gif hwá on leásre gewitnesse stande, and hé oferstǽled weorðe, ne stande his gewitnesse syþþan for áht, L. C. S. 37; Th. i. 398, 12. Hú hé sceal swerigean ðe mid óðre on gewitnesse standaþ (-eþ?), L. O. 8; Th. i. 180, 26: 6; Th. i. 180, 17. Ǽlc man ðara ðe ðǽr mid stande, L. Ath. 1, 1; Th. i. 200, 3. Ðone wísdóm ðe on hálgum bócum stent, Homl. Th. i. 258, 14: L. Ath. v. 3; Th. i. 232, 9. On Gode standeþ mín hǽle, Ps. Th. 61, 7. Stande hit on his ágenan gewealde, Chart. Th. 329, 35. Se ðe unriht gestreón on his handa stóde, L. Eth. ii. 9; Th. i. 290, 5. Wulfgeat wæs se forma man and Wulfmǽr is ðe óðer ðe hit nú on handa stant, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 260, 28. For ðare neóde, ðe ús nú on handa stent that we now have on our hands, Wulfst. 181, 25. Gyf neód on handa stande if the need present itself, L. Edg. H. 2; Th. i. 258, 7. Ðonne stent se hé on his naman stede and spelaþ hine, Ælfc. Gr. 5; Zup. 8, 15. Ða ðe stódon ongeán ús insurgentes in nos, Ps. Th. 43, 7. Ne manna getrýwða tó áhte ne standaþ, Wulfst. 82, 11. Godu ðe ðissum folce tó freme stondaþ, Exon. Th. 250, 7; Jul. 123. Swá hí ufor stondaþ ðonne ða óðre, Past. 52; Swt. 407, 21. Stond heó wið áttre, Lchdm. iii. 21: 36, 6. Se wið mongum stód, wuldres cempa, Exon. Th. 121, 26; Gú. 294. III. of condition :-- Heó grówende standeþ, Blickl. Homl. 197, 25: 109, 22. Be ðam cúþ standeþ ðæt hé fram deáþe gescylded wæs quem a morte constat esse servatum, Bd. 3, 23; S. 555, 27. Hé gearu standeþ, Ps. Th. 117, 2. Heó gewuldrad stondeþ, Blickl. Homl. 197, 10. Hé stent þeófscyldig, L. Eth. ii. 9; Th. i. 290, 16. Ðǽr geworht stondaþ Adam and Eue, Cd. Th. 27, 16; Gen. 418. Ðus hit stód on ðám dagum mid Englum such was the condition ofthings among the English, L. Eth, vii. 3; Th. i. 330, 9. Stód bewrigen folde mid flóde, Cd. Th. 10, 14; Gen. 156. Ða ciricean giond eall Angelcynn stódon máðma and bóca gefyldæ, Past. pref.; Swt. 5, 10. Hié móston stondan on frióum anwalde they might be in a condition of freedom, 52; Swt. 405, 28. IV. of constitution :-- Ic ongite ðæt sió sóþe gesǽlþ stent on gódra monna geearnunga and sió unsǽlþ stent on yfelra monna geearnungum video quae sit vel felicitas, vel miseria in ipsis proborum atque improborum meritis constituta, Bt. 39, 2; Fox 212, 12. Seó gelaðung ðe stent on mǽdenum and on cnapum, Homl. Th. ii. 566, 11. V. of occupation or action :-- Petrus stód on gebedum Peter was praying, Blickl. Homl. 181, 21. Gif mæssepreóst stande on leásre gewitnesse, L. Eth. ix. 27; Th. i. 346, 8: L. C. S. 37; Th. i. 398, 11. VI. to be fixed as a law or regulation :-- Grið lagu ðus stent the regulations are as follows, L. Eth. vii. 9; Th. i. 330, 22. Ne stent nán óðer lád, L. O. D. 2; Th. i. 354, 1. Geneátriht is mistlíc be ðam ðe on lande stænt, L. R. S. 2; Th. i. 432, 12. Hwílon stód ðæt ... at one time the law was that..., L. Ff.; Th. i. 226, 1: L. Eth. ii. 9; Th. i. 288, 29. Ðæt his grið stande swá forð swá hit fyrmest stód on his yldrena dagum that the regulations be as full as ever they were, iii. 1; Th. i. 292, 3. Stande betwux burgum án lagu æt ládunge, L. C. S. 34; Th. i. 396, 22. VII. to remain undisturbed :-- Hit fela wintra siþþan on ðæm stód regnum Assyriorum diu inconcussa potentia stetit, Ors. 2, 1; Swt. 60, 15. Stande þridda[u] dǽl ðære bóte inne let a third part of the fine remain unpaid, L. Alf. pol. 47; Th. i. 94, 6. Lǽt standan neahterne, Lchdm. ii. 24, 21: 32, 11. Ða ðe unne ðæt ðeós gerǽdnis stondon móte, Chart. Th. 168, 28. VIII. to stand still, cease to move, remain without motion, stop :-- Gedón ðæt se Hǽlend stent, se ðe ǽr eode, Homl. Th. i. 156, 26. Hé clypode: 'Hǽlend, gemiltsa mín.' Ðá stód se Hǽlend, 152, 19. Hé férde ðurh his menniscnysse, and hé stód þurh ða godcundnysse, 156, 34. Hwæt stondaþ gé hér? Blickl. Homl. 123, 21. Ða eá stódon, Bt. 35, 6; Fox 168, 8. IX. to reside, abide :-- Ða standendan munecas ðǽr consistentes ibi monachi, Bd. 4, 4; S. 571, 12. X. to continue, remain :-- Ðenden standeþ woruld, Cd. Th. 56, 21; Gen. 915. Stande hé on þeówete, L. Ath. v. 12, 2; Th. i. 242, 5. Ðes middangeard eów ne mæg ealneg standan, Past. 51; Swt. 395, 29. XI. to stand, not to fall, to be upheld :-- Ic getrymed fæste stande, Blickl. Homl. 225, 34. Seó godcunde meht staþolfæstlíce stondeþ, 19, 21. Hí on ðam geleáfan fæstlíce stódan, Bd. 2, 17; S. 520, 21. Ðæt dóm stande ðár þegenas sammǽle beón; gif hig sacan, stande ðæt hig .viii. secgaþ, L. Eth. iii. 13; Th. i. 298, 2-4. Hú mæg his ríce standan, Mt. Kmbl. 12, 26. Stondan, Blickl. Homl. 175, 15. XII. of direction (lit. and fig.) :-- Him stent ege of ðé timebunt te, Deut. 28, 10. Ðǽron stent ðam bisceope eahta marca goldes eight marks are due to the bishop, Chart. Th. 595, 2. Swá micel ege stód deóflum fram eów the devils stood in such awe of you, Homl. Th. i. 64, 25: Ps. Th. 104, 33: Cd. Th. 249, 5; Dan. 525. Him stód stincende steám of ðam múðe, Homl. Th. i. 86, 13. Him of eágum stód leóht unfæger, Beo. Th. 1457; B. 726. Fýrleóma stód geond ðæt atole scræf, Cd. Th. 272, 32; Sat. 128. Ic wille ðat se freóls stonde intó ðat minstre, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iv. 219, 19. [Goth. standan: O. Sax. standan: O. Frs. standa: O. H. Ger. stantan: Icel. standa.] v. á-, æt-, ágén-, and-, be-, for-, fore-, ge-, of-, óþ-, tó-, under-, wiþ-, ymb-standan; án-standende.
standend, es; m. One who stands :-- Ðrífaldo stondendo ternos statores, Rtl. 193, 35.
standendness. v. á-standendness.
stán-fæt, es; n. A stone vessel :-- On stánfate gehíded, Wald. 62. Com wíf hæbbende stánfæt (alabastrum), Mk. Skt. Rush. 14, 3. Miððý gebrocen wæs ðæt, stánfæt, Lind. 14, 3. [O. Sax. stén-fat.]
stán-fáh; adj. Many-coloured with stones, epithet of a road, Beo. Th. 645; B. 320: Andr. Kmbl. 2473; An. 1238.
stán-gaderung, e; f. A collection of stones, a wall :-- Stángaderunge maceriae, Ps. Spl. T. 61, 3. Cf. stán-lesung.
stán-geat, es; n. An opening to pass through between stones :-- On stángeat; of stángeate, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 81, 16.
stán-gedelf, es; n. A stone quarry :-- Tó ðan stángeðelfe; of ðam stángedelfe, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 77, 23. Æt ðæm stángedelfe, 366, 18. On ðæt stángedelf, v. 304, 21: vi. 144, 9.
stán-gefeall, es; n. A mass of fallen stones :-- Twá wíf áhýddon ðone lýchaman under myclum stángefealle, Shrn. 152, 4.
stán-gefóg, es; n. A joining of stones in building :-- Ða ðe wyrcan cúðon stángefógum those that could work at putting stones together, Elen. Kmbl. 2039; El. 1021. v. gefóg-stán.
stán-gella, -gilla, an; m. A stone-yeller, a bird whose cry is heard among the rocks (gellan is used of the cry of the hawk, Rä. 25, 3), a pelican :-- Stángella pellicanus, Wrt. Voc. i. 63, 20. Gelíc geworden ic eom ðam stángillan (-gyllan, MS. C.: stánegellan, Ps. Surt.) wéstene similis factus sum pellicano solitudinis, Ps. Spl. T. 101, 7.
stán-getimbre, es; n. A stone building :-- Stángetimbru moenia, Wrt. Voc. ii. 54, 67.
stán-geweorc, es; n. Working in stone, stone-work :-- Bæd hé ðæt hé him onsende sumne heáhcræftigan stángeweorces architectos sibi mitti petiit, Bd. 5, 21; S. 643, 1. On hire wurðmynte is árǽred mǽre cyrce mid wundorlícum stángeweorce, Homl. Th. i. 440, 18. Cf. stán-weorc.
stán-gripe, es; m. A seizing of stones, stones seized :-- Ðeáh hé stán-greopum (-greótum, Kmbl.) worpod wǽre though he was stoned with the stones that they seized, Elen. Kmbl. 1645; El. 824.
stán-hege, es; m. A stone fence, a wall :-- Tó hwý tówurpe ðú his stán-hege quid destruxisti maceriam ejus, Ps. Lamb. 79, 13.
stán-hípe, an; f. A stone-heap :-- Andlang burhweges tó ðære stán-hýpan, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 431, 10.
stán-híwet, es; n. A stone-quarry :-- Stánhýwet lapidicina vel lapidicedum, Wrt. Voc. i. 19, 17. Tó ðam stánhifete (-híwete?); of ðam stánhifete (-híwete?) tó ðam héðe, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. vi. 60, 24.
stán-hliþ, es; n. A rocky slope, a rock :-- Mín freónd siteþ under stán-hliðe, Exon. Th. 444, 16; Kl. 48. Bídaþ stánhleoþu streámgewinnes, 384, 11; Rä. 4, 26. Under stánhliðum, Cd. Th. 219, 28; Dan. 61. Stánhleoðum, Elen. Kmbl. 1302; El. 653. Ðás stánhleoþu stormas cnyssaþ, Exon. Th. 292, 18; Wand. 101. Se æðeling hét stormas restan ymb stánhleoðu, Andr. Kmbl. 3152; An. 1579. Æfter dúnscræfum ymb stánhleoðo, 2467; An. 1235. Ofereode æþelinga bearn steáp stánhliðo, stige nearwe, Beo. Th. 2822; B. 1409.
stán-hof, es; n. A house of stone :-- Stánhofu stódan, Exon. Th. 478, 10; Ruin. 39.
stán-hol, es; n. A hole in rocks :-- Hié (serpents and wild beasts) in stánholum hié selfe dígliaþ saxorum latebris occulta, Nar. 6, 1. Ðá flugon hié in ða wæter and hié ðǽr in ðám stánholum hýddon, 22, 13. [O. H. Ger. stein-hol spelunca.]
stán-hrycg, es; m. A ridge of rock :-- Swilce betwux stánhricgum quasi inter Scyllam, Hpt. Gl. 529, 22.
stánig, stǽnig; adj. Stony, rocky :-- Of ðan hǽðenan byrgelse on ðone stánigan beorh; of ðan stánigan beorge óð ða heáfda, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 454, 2-4. On ðone stánigan weg, vi. 186, 19. On stǽnig lond in petrosa ... on ða stánige lond supra petrosa, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 13, 5, 20. Ðǽr synd swýðe scearpe wegas and stánige (stánihte, Laud. MS.), Ors. 1, 1; Bos. 16, 32. Ðeós wyrt biþ cenned on stánigum stówum, Lchdm. i. 102, 3. Stǽnigum, 212, 9 note: 216, 20 note: 256, 22. [O. H. Ger. steinag(-ig) saxosus, petrosus.]
stániht, stǽniht, adj. Stony, rocky :-- Wæs seó eorþe tó ðæs heard and tó ðæs stánihte erat tellus durissima et saxosa, Bd. 4, 28; S. 605, 27. Tó ðære stánehtan dæne, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 179, 24. On stánehtan ford, iii. 389, 1. On ðone stánihtan ford, 168, 31. On ðone stánihtan weg, 409, 11. On stǽnihtum stówum, Lchdm, i. 212, 9. Sume feóllon on stǽnihte alia ceciderunt in petrosa, Mt. Kmbl. 13, 5. [O. H. Ger. steinaht: Ger. steinicht.]
stánincel, es; n. A little stone :-- Stáninclu lapillulos, Anglia xiii. 31, 86.
stán-lesung, e; f. A gathering of stones, building with stones and without cement :-- Stánlesung lithologia (λιθoλoγέω to gather stones; to build with stones and without cement), Wrt. Voc. i. 22, 5. Cf. stán-gaderung.
stán-lim, es; m. Mortar :-- Stánlím cimentum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 131, 45.
stán-merece, -merce parsley :-- Stánmerce sigsonte, Wrt. Voc. i. 68, 36. [Prompt. Parv. stanmarche, herbe Macedonia, Alexandria.]
stán-rocc, es; m. A high rock, a peak; an obelisk :-- Stánrocces obolisci (cf. obolisci, genus lapidis, 78, 17. Obolisci ðæs stánes, 82, 43), Wrt. Voc, ii. 62, 57. Stánrocca, torra scopulorum, Hpt. Gl. 449, 15. Stánrocca ɫ torra scopulorum, saxorum eminentium, 454, 47. Cf. scylf.
stán-scealu, -scalu, e; f. Shale :-- Of Stúre on ða stánscale, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 378, 12. v. next word.
stán-scilig; adj. Shaly, stony :-- Sum feóll ofer stánscyligean ... ofer ða stánscylian super petrosa, Mk. Skt. 4, 5, 16. v. preceding word.
stán-scræf, es; n. A cave in the rocks :-- Sca Maria hine ácende on ánum holum stánscræfe, Shrn. 29, 28: 107, 28. Gongaþ on ðis stánscræf, and git ðǽr métaþ weal, se is mid ifige bewrigen, 139, 26.
stán-scylf, es; m. A peak, rock :-- Stánscylfa scrupearum (scrupea, i. aspera saxa).... Of sandigum stánscilfum de arenosis sablonibus, Hpt. Gl. 449, 20, 25.
stán-strǽt, e; f. A road made with stones, a paved road :-- Ðonne forð ðæt hit cymþ tó ðare stánstrǽte; of ðare stánstrǽte, Chart. Th. 525, 20. Cf. stán-weg.
stán-stycce, es; n. A bit of stone :-- Stánsticcum crustis (frustis?), Wrt. Voc. ii. 20, 61.
stán-torr, es; m. I. a stone tower :-- Stántorr the tower of Babel, Cd. Th. 102, 14; Gen. 1700. II. a rock, crag, tor (cf. stánrocc,-scylf) :-- Ad locum qui stántor dicitur, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 104, 2.
stán-wang, es; m. A stony plain :-- Stánwongas gróf, Exon. Th. 498, 24; Rä. 88, 6.
stán-weall, es; m. A wall of stone :-- Stánweal[les] maceriae, muri, Hpt. Gl. 409, 77. Stánwealle (-walle, Ps. Surt.) maceriae, Ps. Spl. T. 61, 3. Ða hwíle ðe mon worhte ða burg mid stánwealle, Chr. 921; Erl. 107, 27. Ðæt wæter (of the Red Sea) him stód swilce stánweallas bufan heora heáfdum, Ælfc. T. Grn. 5, 27: Homl. Ass. 105, 104. Stánweallas tófeóllan, Shrn. 67, 19.
stán-weg, es; m. A road made with stones :-- On ealdan stánwege; of stánwege, Cod. Dip. B. i. 417, 15. [O. Sax. stén-weg.] Cf. stán-strǽt.
stán-weorc, es; n. Stone-work, stone-building :-- Hé worhte of seolfre ǽnne heáhne stýpel on stánweorces gelícnysse, Homl. Skt. ii. 27, 29. [O. Sax. stén-werk.] Cf. stán-geweorc.
stán-weorþung, e; f. Worship of stones :-- Wé lǽraþ ðæt preósta gehwilc forbeóde stánwurþunga, L. Edg. C. 16; Th. ii. 248, note 2. v. stán, II d, and Grmm. D. M. 611.
stán-wurma, an; m. Colour got from a stone :-- Stánwurman vermiculo, tinctura, Hpt. Gl. 431, 34.
stán-wyrht (?), e; f. A stone building :-- Stánwyrhte mationes (cf. scylfas maciones, Wrt. Voc. ii. 59, 29), Wrt. Voc. i. 39, 55.
stán-wyrhta, an; m. A stone-wright, worker in stone, a mason :-- Stánwyrhta latomi, Wrt. Voc. i. 19, 16. Stánwyrhtan cementario, Hpt. Gl. 459, 38. From ðǽm stánwyrhtum a cimentario, Wrt. Voc. ii. 2, 40.
stapa, an; m. One who steps. I. a name given to the grasshopper or locust :-- Stapan locuste, Wrt. Voc. ii. 52, 20: 71, 62. v. gærsstapa. [O. H. Ger. houui-staffo locusta.] II. in cpds. án-, eard-, hǽþ-, hild-, mearc-, mór-stapa.
stapol (-el, -ul), es; m. I. a post, pillar, column :-- Stapul batis (basis?), Wrt. Voc. ii. 12, 49: patronus (in a list giving parts of a house), i. 26, 36. Stapole cione (κίων a column, pillar), ii. 131, 41. Of ðam beorge on ðone stapol; of ðam stapole, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 14, 11: 378, 15. Tó ðam stǽnenan stapole; ðonne andlang ðæs weges óð ðone stǽnan stapol; of ðam stapole, 418, 28. Æt sténan steaple, Txts. 436, no. 25. Stapul ǽrenne, Andr. Kmbl. 2126; An. 1064. Ǽlc riht cynestól stent on þrým stapelum, L. I. P. 4; Th. ii. 306, 31: Wulfst. 267, 9. Stánbogan stapulum fæste, Beo. Th. 5430; B. 2718. Hé hét stapulas ásettan erectis stipitibus, Bd. 2, 16; S. 520, 6. Sweras unlytle, stapulas, Andr. Kmbl. 2986; An. 1496. Staplas columbas (l. columnas), Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 21, 12. II. a step, threshold(?) :-- Hé tó healle gong, stód on stapole, geseah Grendles hond (the hand had been laid in the hall), Beo. Th. 1856; B. 926. [O. Frs. stapul (-el) a block: O. H. Ger. stafol (-el) basis: Icel. stöpull a pillar: Dan. stabel a boundary-stone, post.] v. stapola.
stapola, an; m. A post, stock, piece of wood standing upright in the ground :-- Licge ðæt íren uppan ðám glédan ... lecge hit man syþþan uppan ðam stapelan (cf. stacan, l. 12), L. Ath. iv. 7; Th. i. 226, 28.
stapol-weg, es; m. A road marked out by posts(?) :-- From túnweges ende ford be efise tó stapolwege ufeweardan, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 281, 23.
stappa, stapplian. v. stoppa, under-stapplian.
stappel (?) a step. [O. H. Ger. staffalun passibus: Ger. staffel step, degree.] v. siþ-stap[p]el.
starian; p. ode To stare, look fixedly, gaze (with on, tó) :-- Ðæt ic on ðone hafelan eágum starige, Beo. Th. 3567; B. 1781. Starie, 5585; B. 2796. Secga gehwylcum ðara ðe on swylc staraþ, 1997; B. 996: 2975; B. 1485. Wé on ðæt bearn foran breóstum stariaþ, Exon. Th. 21, 28; Cri. 341. Ðe gé hér on stariaþ, 33, 6; Cri. 521: 36, 3; Cri. 570. Him ðæt tácen wearð, ðǽr hé tó starude, Cd. Th. 260, 32; Dan. 718. Ðe hire an eágum starede, Beo. Th. 3875; B. 1935. Hí on mere staredon, 3211; B. 1603. On ða beorhtan gescæft ne mót ic ǽfre má eágum starian, Cd. Th. 273, 22; Sat. 140: Judth. Thw. 24, 9; Jud. 179. Se earn mæg starian on ðære sunnan leóman, Homl. Skt. i. 15, 199. Hí stóden æt ðæra dura stariende on ðæt leóht, 3, 133. [Staryn wythe brode eyne patentibus oculis respicere, Prompt. Parv. 472. O. H. Ger. starén: Ger. starren: Icel. stara.] v. ge-starian.
staþol (-el, -ul), es; m. I. a foundation (lit. or fig.) (cf. staddle the bottom of a hay-stack, E. D. S. Pub. Gloss. 15, 19) :-- Staþol fundamen, Wrt. Voc. ii, 152, 15. Se fruma and se staþol eallra góda ðe of him cumaþ, Bt. 34, 5; Fox 140, 4. Biþ Drihten úre se trumesta staþol, Blickl. Homl. 13, 10. On ðissum cwydum is se staðol ealles geleáfan, L. E. I. 22; Th. ii. 418, 29: 29; Th. ii. 426, 1. Hié oft gebidon on lytlum staþole and on unwénlícum, Ors. 4, 9; Swt. 192, 34. Wera gied sumes, þrymfæstne cwide and ðæs strangan staþol a glorious saying and the strong man's firm support, Exon. Th. 432, 12; Rä. 48, 5. Staðol fundum, Hpt. Gl. 488, 6. Dúna staðelas montium fundamenta, Deut. 32, 22. Eorðan staþelas, Ps. Th. 81, 5: 103, 6. Steaðelas, Ps. Surt. 17, 8: ii. p. 194, 9. Staðulas, Cd. Th. 207, 28; Exod. 473. Ða staþolas ðære cyrican, Bd. 2, 4; S. 505, 16. Hé ða staþelas gesette ðæs mynstres, 3, 23; S. 554, 28. On staþelnm healdan, Exon. Th. 312, 14; Seef. 109. I a. the lower, firmer part, base of a pillar, trunk of a tree :-- Se is stemn and staðol ealra góda and of ðæm cumaþ eall gód, Bt. 34, 5; Fox 140, 2. Hit biþ unnyt ðæt mon hwelces yfles bógas snǽde, búton mon wille ða wyrtruman forceorfan ðæs staðoles, Past. 33; Swt. 222, 16. Gehér ðú marmanstán ... Lǽt nú of ðínum staðole streámas weallan, Andr. Kmbl. 3004; An. 1505. Genim feówer tyrf on feówer healfa ðæs landes ... Nim ele etc., and dó háligwæter ðǽron, and drýpe on ðone staðol ðara turfa (the lower side of the sods), Lchdm. i. 398, 11. I b. that on which a thing depends :-- Staðul cardo, Wrt. Voc. ii. 20, 60. II. fixed condition, state, position :-- Hwylc se staþol is Angelcynnes ðeóde qui sit status gentis Anglorum, Bd. 5, 23; S. 645, 4. Ic wæs smeágende be ðære hǽlo úrra sáwla and be ðam staðole úres ríces, L. In. pref.; Th. i. 102, 8. Hé hit nyle up árǽran tó ðam staðole fulfremedes weorces ad virtutis statum consuetudo non erigitur, Past. 11; Swt. 65, 16. Hiera geðohtes staðol cogitationis statum, Swt. 67, 17. Stede ɫ stalað (l. staðal) statum, stabilitatem, Hpt. Gl. 469, 12. Hé geþyld lufige and ne áwácige ná ne his staþel ne lǽtende tram Gode búge, R. Ben. 27, 2. Sette heora staðol sceápum anlíce posuit sicut oves familias, Ps. Th. 106, 40. III. a fixed position, station, place, site :-- Staþol wæs wyrta wlitetorhtra (the plain) was the site of beauteous plants, Exon. Th. 484, 4; Rä. 72, 2. Be ðære stówe staðole secundum positionem loci, R. Ben. 59, 1. Staðele, 88, 4. Se wyrtruma stille wæs on staðole, Cd. Th. 252, 21; Dan. 582: 251, 9; Dan. 561. Wé stódon on staðole, Rood Kmbl. 141; Kr. 71. Æsc byþ stíð staðule, stede rihte hylt, Runic pm. Kmbl. 344, 25; Rún. 26. Ic sceal bordes on ende staþol weardian (keep my station; cf. Wulches cunnes þinges under þissen stane staðel habbeoð inumen (under þis ston uonieþ, 2nd MSS.), Laym. 15911), sto[n]dan fæste, Exon. Th. 496, 19; Rä. 85, 17. Hé ús sealde mid englum éce staþelas, 41, 26; Cri. 661. Ðú álǽtan scealt lǽne staþelas, eard and éþel, Dóm. L. 30, 58. IV. the firmament, the heavens :-- Wearð ætýwed steorra on staðole, Chr. 975; Erl. 126, 24; Edg. 50. [O. H. Ger. stadal scuria, horreum: Ger. stadel: Icel. stöðull a milking shed.] v. burh-, éðel-, frum-, mód-, wésten-staþol.
staþol-ǽht, e; f. An estate, landed possession, Exon. Th. 353, 33; Reim. 22.
staþol-fæst; adj. Steadfast, stable, firm; stabilis, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 28; Zup. 55, 3. I. in a physical sense :-- On ðam feórþan mónþe hé (the foetus) biþ on limum staþolfæst, Lchdm. iii. 146, 11. Staðolfæst stán (glosses Petrus), Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 16, 18. Beðearf seó sáwel staðolfæstre brycge ofer ðone glideran weg hellewítes, Wulfst. 239, 14. Staleðfæste (l. staðel-) tremmincge firmo fulcimento, Hpt. Gl. 439, 63. II. stationary, keeping in one place :-- Staþolfæst ne mæg gewunian in gebedstówe, Exon. Th. 265, 1; Jul. 374. Faraþ hý geond missenlíce þeóda, néfre staþolfeste, nǽfre wuniende, náhwár sittende, R. Ben. 135, 23. III. firm in a moral sense, unwavering, unyielding, constant :-- God is ána staþolfæst wealdend, Bt. 35, 3; Fox 158, 24: Andr. Kmbl. 241; An. 121. Staðulfæst, 2673; An. 1338. Swíðe geþungen on his ðeáwum and staðolfæst on his wordum not to be moved from what he had said, Blickl. Homl. 217, 7. Staðolfæst on hire heortan wið deófies costnungum, Wulfst. 237, 12. Beó strang and staðulfæst confortare et esto robustus Deut. 31, 7. Ic eów friðe healde strengðu staþolfæstre, Exon. Th. 31, 3; Cri. 490. Mid steaðulfestum aldum cum stabilito sene, Ps. Surt. ii. p. 194, 27. Sele mé staðolfæste heortan, Anglia xi. 114, 71. Staðolfæstne geðoht, Salm. Kmbl. 478; Sal. 239. 70 manna of folces ealdrum ðe ðú wite ðæt sín staðulfæste and láreówas, Num. 11, 16. Onginnaþ esnlíce and beóþ staðulfæste viriliter agite et confortamini, Deut. 31, 6. v. un-, under-staþolfæst.
staþolfæstan. v. ge-staþolfæstan.
staþolfæst-lic; adj. Steadfast,firm :-- Mé sum staþolfæstlíc smyltnyss tó becom, Homl. Skt. ii. 23 b, 551.
staþolfæstlice; adv. I. in a physical sense, firmly :-- On ðam eahtoþan mónþe hé (the foetus) biþ eall staþolfæstlíce geseted, Lchdm. iii. 146, 19. II. steadfastly, constantly, firmly :-- Seó godcunde meht á staþolfæstlíce stondeþ, Blickl. Homl. 19, 21. Symble in Godes lofe wé sceolon staþolfæstlíce gewunigan, L. E. I. 42; Th. ii. 438, 32. Ðæt ðiós úre sylene staðolfæstlíce ðurhwunian móte, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 186, 12.
staþolfæstness, e; f. Steadfastness, stability :-- Staðolfæstnys stabilitas, R. Ben. Interl. 23, 3: Ps. Lamb. 103, 5: firmamentum, 18, 2: status, Rtl. 108, 38. Steaðulfestnisse stabilitatem, Ps. Surt. 103, 5. v. ge-, un-staþolfæstness.
staþolfæstnian. v. ge-staþolfæstnian.
staþolfæstnung, e; f. A foundation :-- Tó staðolfæstnunga ad fundamentum, Ps. Lamb. 136, 7.
staþolian; p. ode. I. to establish, found, settle, fix :-- Ic tó ánum ðé mód staðolige to thee alone do I keep my mind constant, Andr. Kmbl. 164; An. 82. Staþelige, Exon. Th. 255. 30; Jul. 222. Ðú in God getreówdes ic in mínne fæder hyht staþelie thou didst trust in God, I found my hope on my father, 268, 25; Jul. 437. Ic ðý fæstlícor ferhð staðelige, hyht untweóndne, on Crist, Elen. Kmbl. 1591; El. 797. Ðe ðæs húses hróf staðeliaþ qui aedificant domum, Ps. Th. 126, 1. Ic on heofonum hám staðelode, Cd. Th. 281, 23; Sat. 276. Staðelodest fundasti, Ps. Spl. 101, 26: 103, 6, 9. Se steaðelade eorðan ofer steaðulfestnisse his. Ps. Surt. 103, 5. Hé woruld staþelode, Exon. Th. 206, 22; Ph. 130. Ðǽr hé hungrium hám staðelude collocavit illic esurientes, Ps. Th. 106, 35. Ðá hé æt Róme Cristes cyricean staþelode fundata Romae ecclesia Christi, Bd. 2, 4; S. 505, 13. Se wealdend ðe ðæt weorc staðolade, Andr. Kmbl. 1598; An. 800: Met. 29, 87. Ðá heó in helle hám staðeledon, Cd. Th. 266, 21; Sat. 25. Staðelodon, 286, 1; Sat. 345. Staðola ðú ða óðra on hira hámon, Gen. 48, 6. Geleáfan fæste staðelian on úrum heortum, Blickl. Homl. 111, 4. Staþelign, 115, 1. II. to make steadfast, confirm, endow with steadfastness :-- Ne míð ðú for menigo, ah ðínne módsefan staðola wið strangum ... herd hyge ðínne, heortan staðola, Andr. Kmbl. 2419-2428; An. 1212-1215. Staþelige man and strangie hí georne, L. I. P. 4; Th. ii. 308, 3. Se hálga ongan hyge staðolian, Elen. Kmbl. 2186; El. 1094. Mód staþelian geleáfan, Exon. Th. 168, 26; Gú. 1083: 264, 15; Jul. 364. Úre heortan rihtan and staðelion. Wulfst. 253, 18. v. ge-, gegrund-staðolian (-elian).
staþoliend, es; m. A founder; fundator, Ps. Lamb. 47, 2.
staþolness. v. mód-staþolness.
staþolung, e; f. Founding, foundation, settling :-- Steaðelinge plantationis, Ps. Surt. 143, 12. Tó staþolungæ ad fundamentum, Ps. Spl. T. 136, 10. Staleðunga (l. staðelunga) fundamina, Hpt. Gl. 502, 71.
staþol-wang, es; m. A plain to establish one's self in. v. staþol. III :-- Lǽteþ hió ða wlitigan wyrtum fæste stille stondan on staþolwonge (in the field they occupy), Exon. Th. 417, 4; Rä. 35, 8. Teón wé of ðisse stówe and unc staþolwangas (places where we may establish ourselves) sécan, Cd. Th. 114, 31; Gen. 1912.
stealc; adj. Steep :-- Bídaþ stille stealc stánhleoþu streámgewinnes; Exon. Th. 384, 11; Rä. 4, 26. On stealc hleoþa, 382, 6; Rä. 3, 7. Stealc hliþo stígan, 498, 17; Rä. 88, 3.
stealcian, v. be-stealcian, and next word.
stealcung, e; f. Stalking (cf. deer-stalking), cautious walking :-- On sumere nihte hlosnode sum óðer munuc his færeldes and mid sleaccre stealcunge his fótswaðum filigde, Homl. Th. ii. 138, 6. [Cf. stalkyn or gon softe serpo, Prompt. Parv. 472. Though I wolde stalke and crepe, Gow. ii. 351, 18. With dredful fot than stalketh Palamon ... in that grove he wolde him hyde, Chauc. Kn. T. 621.]
-steald. v. ge-, hæg-, hago-steald.
stealdan; p. steóld To possess :-- Ic staðolǽhtum steóld, Exon. Th. 353, 33; Reim. 22. [Goth. ga-staldan to possess, gain.]
steall, es; m. I. a standing position :-- Setl gedafenaþ déman, and steall fylstendum ... Stephanus hine (Christ) geseah standende, forðan ðe hé wæs his gefylsta, Homl. Th. i. 48, 29. Syle hát drincan in stalle stonde góde hwíle give him the medicine hot to drink in a standing position; let him stand a good while, Lchdm. iii. 28, 5. II. the way matters stand, position of affairs, state, condition :-- Se steall cyricean status ecclesiae, Bd. 2, 4; S. 505, 10. On frǽcenesse heora stealles in periculum sui status, 4, 25; S. 601, 18. Be ðisses biscopes lífes stealle de cujus statu vitae, 5, 19; S. 637, 2. Be ðam stalle cyrican, 3, 19, S. 561, 7. On ðone ǽrran steall priscum in statum, 5, 20; S. 642, 10: 5, 24; S. 646, 38. Ðone stal ðæs ríces regni statum, 4, 26; S. 603, 8. III. position, place :-- Horsa steal carceres (the starting-place in the circus), scridwísa auriga, Wrt. Voc. i. 39, 37. On brǽdo his stealles latitudine sui status, Bd, 1, 1; S. 474, 29. Ðæt se sý furþor forlǽten on stealle and on setle (cf. on stele and on setle, 13, 1), se ðe furðor on geearnunge sý, R. Ben. 12, 19. Stande hé ealra ýtemest, oðþe on ðam stede ðe se abbod swá gémeleásum monnum tó stealle on sundrum betǽht hæfþ ultimus omnium stet aut in loco quem talibus negligentibus seorsum constituerit abbas, 68, 11. Ðæt hí nǽfre ne beón on stede ne on stealle, ðǽr ǽfre undón worðe ðæt úre forgengles geúðen, Chart. Th. 348, 30. IV. place, stead :-- Brihtwald gehálgode Tobian on his steall, Chr. 693; Erl. 43, 19. Steal. 780; Erl. 57, 1: 803; Erl. 61, 23. Stall, 779; Erl. 55, 38. Stal, 678; Erl. 41, 7: 727; Erl. 47, 2: 796; Erl. 59, 39. V. a place for cattle, a stall :-- Stal stabulum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 121, 11. Steal, i. 15, 23. Ðæra tamra nýtena steall, Boutr. Scrd. 21, 9. VI. a place for catching fish :-- Lét ða netto on stællo laxa retia in capturam (captura locus piscosus, ubi capiuntur pisces), Lk. Skt. Lind. 5, 4. (Cf stell, a deep pool, in a river, where nets for catching salmon are placed, Jamieson.) [O. Frs. stall standing; place; stall: O. H. Ger. stall stabulum, caula, praesepe; locus, statio, status: Icel. stallr a stall; shelf on which another thing is placed.] v. æt-, bód-, burg-, fore-, ge-, geard-, hege-, mylen-, ofer-, on-, scip-, treów-, wæter-, weal-, weard-, weofod-, weoh-, wíc-, wíg-, wið-, wiðer-steall (-steal); fæst-steall; adj. Cf. stæl, stede.
stealla, an; m. A crab(?) :-- Stalla cancer (carcer? cf. steall, III), Wrt. Voc. i. 291, 30.
-stealla. v. ge-, ofer-stealla.
steallere, stallere; es; m. A marshall. [The word occurs only in late documents; the passages given belong to Edward the Confessor's reign] :-- On Esgéres stealres and on Roulfes steallres and on Lifinges steallres gewitnesse, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iv. 291, 13-14. Esgár stallere and Roberd stallere, 191, 11-12: 221, 13: Chr. 1047; Erl. 171, 31. [Icel. stallari.]
steallian to take place. v. forþ-steallian.
steám, stém, stiém, es; m. I. steam, hot exhalation, hot breath :-- Him (Herod) stód stincende steám of ðam múðe, Homl. Th. i. 86, 14. Forlǽt wynsumne réc ástígan ... Ðá of ðære stówe steám up árás swylce réc, Elen. Kmbl. 1603; El. 803. Stenc út cymeþ of ðam wongstede, wynsumra steám swæcca gehwylcum, Exon. Th. 358, 14; Pa. 45. Man píntreów bærne tó glédum ... wende his neb tó and onfó ðam stéme (the heat proceeding from the embers), Lchdm. ii. 284, 16. Of hómena æþme and stiéme cymþ eágna mist, 26, 26. Fleó ða mettas ða ðe him stiém on innan wyrcen, 226, 10. II. that which emits hot vapour, blood :-- Forléton mé standan steáme bedrifenne they left me (the cross) standing bespattered with blood, Rood Kmbl. 123; Kr. 62. [A stem als it were a sunnebem, Havel. 591. Steem or lowe of fyre flamma, steem of hothe lycure vapor, Prompt. Parv. 473.]
steáp, es; m. A stoup, drinking vessel, cup, flagon :-- Steáp ciatum, Wrt. Voc. i. 290, 78: ii. 17, 28. Micel steáp ful, Lchdm. ii. 294, 19. Se wínes steáp fægere gefylled is calix vini meri plenus est, Ps. Th. 74, 7. Steápes poculi, Hpt. Gl. 450, 6. Nalles wín druncon scír of steápe, Met. 8, 21. Dó steáp fulne wínes tó wóse. Lchdm. ii. 18, 4. Gif man óðrum steóp ásette ðǽr mæn drincen ágelde vi. scill. ðam ðe man ðone steáp áset if a man remove(?) a cup from another where men are drinking, let. vi. s. be paid to the man from whom the cup was taken, L. H. E. 12; Th. i. 32, 8-10. Steápas fialas, Wrt. Voc, ii. 149, 4. [A stope hec cupa, Wrt. Voc. 235, 16. O. H. Ger. stouf calix, cyathus: Icel. staup; n. a cup, beaker.]
steáp; adj. I. lofty, high, towering, of buildings, hills, etc. :-- Se streám ætstód swá steáp swá munt the stream (Jordan) stood as high as a hill, Homl. Th. ii. 212, 23. Wág steáp gedreás, Exon. Th. 476, 22; Ruin. 11. Seó steápe burh on Sennar stód, Cd. Th. 102, 15; Gen. 1700. Fýr steápes and geápes swógende forswealh eall fire everything lofty and spacious devoured roaring, Cd. Th. 154, 16; Gen. 2556. On ðisum steápum munte, Homl. Skt. i. 13, 9. Worhton mid stánum ánne steápne beorh him ofer congregaverunt super eum acervum magnum lapidum, Jos. 7, 26. Steápne hróf, Beo. Th. 1857; B. 926. Þurh steápne beorg strǽte wyrcan, Exon. Th. 397, 11; Rä. 16, 18. Steápe dúne, Cd. Th. 172, 33; Gen. 2853. Steápe stánbyrig, 133, 17; Gen. 2212. Weallas steápe, Exon. Th. 383, 13; Rä. 4, 10. Beorgas ðǽr ne muntas steápe ne stondeþ, 199, 7; Ph. 22: Beo. Th. 450; B. 222: Andr. Kmbl. 1680; An. 842. I a. of smaller objects :-- Heard and steáp (the pillar into which Lot's wife was turned), Cd. Th. 155, 8; Gen. 2569. Wið steápne rond by the tall shield, Beo. Th. 5126; B. 2566. Ic hæbbe hneccan steápne, Exon. Th. 490, 1; Rä. 79, 4. Bollan steápe tall flagons, Judth. Thw. 142, 6; Jud. 17. Hí habbaþ on heáfde helmas steápe (cf. O. Frs. with thene stápa helm. Icel. steypðir hjálmar), Wulfst. 200, 12. I b. of fire, mounting high (see also I c) :-- Hit ðurh hróf wadeþ, bærneþ boldgetimbru, seomaþ steáp and geáp, Salm. Kmbl. 827; Sal. 413. I c. standing out, or up, prominent [or bright? In later English steap applied to the eyes or to gems seems to have this meaning. 'Twa ehnen steappre þene steorren an þene ʒimstanes' Marh 9, 4. In the note on this passage Cockayne gives other instances of this use, e.g. Schinende and schenre þen eni ʒimstanes, steapre þen is steorre. In Chaucer's line, Prol. 201, the meaning might be prominent. In the passage quoted below from Ælfric the Latin from which the description is taken has oculi grandes.] Gim sceal on hringe standan steáp and geáp, Menol. Fox 505; Gn. C. 23. Se steápa gim, Salm. Kmbl. 570; Sal. 284. Hé hæfþ steápe eágan, Homl. Th. i. 456, 17. II. lofty, high, placed high :-- Óð ða steápan heofenan to high heaven, Homl. Th. i. 3, 500. [Þer wes moni steap (bold, 2nd MS.) mon, Laym. 1532. An lawe swiþe stæp and heh, Orm. 11379. O. Frs. stáp. v. I a above.] v. heaðu-, weall-steáp; stípel, stípan.
steápan. v. á-steápan, stípan.
stearc; adj. I. stiff, rigid, not soft, not bending :-- Is seó eággebyrd stearc and hiwe stáne gelícast, Exon. Th. 219, 4; Ph. 302. Hláf and stán, streac and hnesce, Elen. Kmbl. 1226; El. 615. Stánas and ðæt starce ísen, Homl. Skt. i. 8, 29. Beátan mid stearcum stengum, Homl. Th. i. 428, 6. I a fig. unyielding, stiff-necked, obstinate :-- Heó wǽron stearce, stáne heardran, Elen. Kmbl. 1126; El. 565. II. hard, rough, strong, of wind or weather :-- Stearc winter aspera hyems, Coll. Monast. Th. 19, 17. Se stearca wind norþan-eástan, Bt. 9; Fox 26, 18. Se stearca storm, Met. 6, 11. Stearc storma gelác, 26, 29. Þurh ðone stearcan wind norþan and eástan, Bt. 4; Fox 8, 5. Stearce stormas, 23; Fox 78, 27. Gescyrped mid rinde wið ða stearcan stormas, 150, 8. III. rough, attended with hardship, hard, of living, discipline, etc. :-- Hé ða stíðnyssa his stearcan bigleofan betwux lǽwedum folce geheóld, Homl. Th. ii. 148, 31. Se ðe mec lǽreþ from ðé on stearcne weg, Exon. Th. 259, 14; Jul. 282. Hé hé mihte swá stearce forhæfednysse (rigid abstinence) healdan, Homl. Th. ii. 354, 23. IV. stern, severe :-- Hé (William) wæs milde ðám gódum mannum and ofer eall gemett stearc ðám mannum ðe wiðcwǽdon his willan ... Hé wæs swýðe stearc man swá ðæt man ne dorste nán þing ongeán his willan dón, Chr. 1086; Erl. 221, 17, 32: Erl. 222, 21. Hé ða heardheortan ðeóde niid stearcre ðreále and stíðre myngunge tó lífes wege gebígde, Homl. Th. i. 362, 34. V. strong, impetuous, violent, vehement, (a) lit. :-- Hé of stánclife stearce burnan lǽdde, Ps. Th. 135, 17. (b) fig. v. stearc-heard :-- Nán stefn búton stearc and heard wóp for wóhdǽdum, Wulfst. 139, 3. [O. Sax. stark: O. Frs. sterk. O. H. Ger. starc, starah fortis, validus: Icel. sterkr strong.]
stearc-ferhþ; adj. Of harsh or stern soul :-- Hí stearcferþe cwellan þohtun, Exon. Th. 280, 29; Jul. 636.
stearc-heard; adj. Violent, unrestrained :-- Stearcheard wóp durus fletus, Dóm. L. 200. v. stearc, V b.
stearc-heort; adj. Stout-hearted :-- Stearcheort (the fire-drake), Beo. Th. 4566; B. 2288: (Beowulf), 5097; B. 2552. [Cf. O. Sax. starkmód valiant.]
stearcian; p. ode To grow stiff or hard :-- Stearcode riget, durescit, Germ. 402, 56. [His skyn shall starken, Rel. Ant. i. 65, 3. O. H. Ger. starcén solidari.]
stearclice; adv. Strongly, vigorously, vehemently, fiercely :-- Ðá gewende se here tó Lundene and ða buruh útan embsæt and hyre stearclíce (cf stranglíce, MS. E.) on feaht ǽgðer ge be wætere ge be lande made a vigorous assault upon it by land and water, Chr. 1016; Erl. 156, 32.
stearn, es; m. Some kind of bird. [Starn is a name for the starling in the Shetland Isles; the same bird is called a starnel in Northants. v. E. D. S. Pub., Bird Names, p. 73. Starn is used in Norfolk for the common tern: and stern is a name for the black tern, ib. pp. 202, 204] :-- Stearn, stearno, stern beacita (according to Migne beacita is a woodcock or snipe), Txts. 45, 284. Stearn, Wrt. Voc. i. 281, 3: ii. 11, 1: beatica, i. 62, 32: beacita vel sturnus, 29, 6: fida ii. 108, 52. Stern, 35, 28. Stern avis qui dicitur gavia, Txts. 108, 1116. Stærn stronus ( = sturnus), Wrt. Voc. i. 29, 39. Him stearn (the tern) oncwæð ísigfeþera, Exon. Th. 307, 14; Seef. 23.
steartlian; p. ede To kick with the foot, stumble :-- Ðæt ðú ne spear[n]last ɫ steartlest, stærtlige ut non calcitres, Hpt. Gl. 464, 1. [In later English startle is used of quick movement :-- A courser, startling as the fyr, Chauc. Leg. G. W. 1204. Thouʒ ne havest frend that ne wolde fle, come thouʒ stertlinde in the strete, Mapes 335, 24. See also Halliwell's Dict. stertle.]
stéda, an; m. A stallion, an entire horse; the word is also used of a camel :-- Hors equus, stéda emisarius, Wrt. Voc. ii. 30, 55: misarius, 56, 39: i. 287, 40. Stéda faussarius, hengst canterius, 23, 9. Hé hleóp on ðæs cyninges stédan ascendens emissarium regis, Bd. 2, 13; S. 517, 9: Chart. Th. 501, 12. Ne hét Crist him tó lǽdan módigne stédan, Homl. Th. i. 210, 14: Homl. Skt. ii. 27, 97. Ðonne lǽdaþ hý mid him olfenda myran mid hyra folan and stédan ... ða stédan hý forlǽtaþ ... ða æmettan ymbe ða stédan ábisgode beóþ tollent camelos masculos et feminas illas quae habent foetas ... masculi remanent ... formicae masculos comedunt, Nar. 35, l0-15.
stede, es; m. I. a place, spot, locality :-- Mid wæter ymbtyrnd stede circumlutus locus, Wrt. Voc. i. 59, 15. Se stede ys hálig ðe ðú on stenst locus, in quo stas, sanctus est, Jos. 5, 16. Ðes ænga stede (Hell), Cd. Th. 23, 9; Gen. 356. Hí cóman tó Brytene on ðam stede Heopwines fleót, Chr. 449; Erl. 13, 4. In ðone stede ðe is gecueden Cerdices óra, 495; Erl. 14, 10. Ðone stede healdan, Byrht. Th. 132, 21; By. 19. Tó hwí hremþ hit ðisne stede (quid terram occupat? Lk. 13, 7), Homl. Th. ii. 408, 5. Eode on woestigum styd (steyde, Rush.) abiit in desertum locum, Mk. Skt. Lind. 1, 35. Stydd, Lk. Skt. Lind. 10, 1. Hí sǽton tú winter on ðám twám stedum, Chr. 887; Erl. 84, 33. II. of fixed position, a place which a person or thing occupies, an appointed place, station, site :-- Hú neara ðære eorþan stede is arctum terrarum situm, Bt. 19; Fox 68, 23. Ðæs fýres ágen stede is ofer eallum woruldgesceaftum gesewenlícum, 33, 4; Fox 130, 16. Heáfudponnes styd calvariae locus, Mt. Kmbl. 27, 33. Ǽr mon ða stánas tó ðæm stede brohte ðe hié on standan scoldon, Past. 36; Swt. 253, 15. Of hiora stede styrede, Met. 7, 25. On his ágenum stede, Ps. Th. 102, 21. Ne stande hé on his stede and endebyrdnesse, ac stande hé ealra ýtemest, R. Ben. 68, 10. Sig him geþafod, ðæt hé stede æfter ðam abbode healde, 106, 2. Æsc stede rihte hylt, Runic pm. Kmbl. 344, 26; Rún. 26. Næfþ náðer ne sǽ ne eá nǽnne stede búton on eorðan, Lchdm. iii. 256, 2. Gecerr suord ðín in styd his, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 26, 52. II a. place, standing, position, status :-- Ðes dǽl (the participle) næfþ nán angin ne nǽnne stede of him sylfum, ac byþ of worde ácenned and becymþ syþþan tó his ágenre geþingðe, Ælfc. Gr. 41; Zup. 244, 17. II b. place, sphere of action :-- Gif ealle men on worulde ríce wǽron, ðonne næfde seó mildheortnys nǽnne stede, Wulfst. 287, 9. III. of position in the case of a moving body :-- Ne stira ðú, sunne, of ðam stede furðor ongeán Gabaon ... Ðá stód seó sunne on ðam stede, Jos. 10, 12, 13. IV. standing as opposed to moving, stopping, standing still. v. sunn-stede :-- Hwæt is ðæs Hǽlendes stede oððe hwæt is his fær? Homl. Th. i. 156, 33. IV a. fig. stability, unchanging condition, fixity :-- Nán stede nis úres líchaman; cildhád gewít tó cnihtháde and cnihthád tó geðungenum wæstme, 490, 2. Stede ɫ staþal statum, stabilitatem, Hpt. Gl. 469, 12. IV b. state, condition :-- Stede status, Wülck. 254, 31. On stede statu, Hpt. Gl. 458, 10. Swá hwæt swá stede (statum) módes áhwyrfþ, Scint. 106, 7. IV c. as a technical medical term strangury :-- Wið stede and wið blǽddran sáre, Lchdm. i. 360, 4: 338, 3. [Goth. staþs: O. Sax. stedi: O. Frs. sted, stid, steith: O. H. Ger. stat; f. locus: Icel. staðr.] v. æsc-, ǽl-, bæþ-, beorg-, burg-, camp-, deáþ-, ealh-, eard-, eolh-, eorþ-, folc-, gemót-, gener-, gléd-, heáfod-, heáh-, hleóðor-, hús-, land-, mearc-, meðel-, mylen-, sunn-, þing-, wang-, wíc-stede; cf, steall.
stede-fæst; adj. Steadfast, constant, holding one's ground :-- Wíslíc wærscipe and steðefæst (styde-, MS. G.) módstaðol biþ witena gehwilcum weorðlícre micle, ðonne hé his wísan for ǽnigum þingum fágige tó swiðe, L. I. P. 10; Th. ii. 318, 38. Stódon stædefæste they stood unyielding, Byrht. Th. 135, 33; By. 127. Ne þurfon mé stedefæste hæleð wordum ætwítan, 139, 5; By. 249. [Icel. stað-fastr.]
stedefæstness, e; f. Steadfastness, constancy :-- Stydfæstnise constantiae, Rtl. 50, 4.
stedefulness. v. on-stedefulness.
stede-heard; adj. Of enduring hardness(?), very hard :-- Strǽlas stedehearde, Judth. Thw. 24, 34; Jud. 223.
stede-leás; adj. Without stability, unsteady, without power to retain one's place :-- Ðonne biþ hé ðam men gelíc, ðe árǽrþ sume heáge hlǽddre and stíhþ be ðære hlǽddre stapum, óð ðæt hé tó ðæm ænde becume, and wylle ðonne git stígan ufor; ástíhþ ðonne búton stapum, óð ðæt hé stedeleás fylþ, Homl. Skt. i. 1, 24. Stedeleáse steorran hreósaþ, Dóm. L. 107. [Icel. stað-lauss unsteady.]
stede-wang, es; m. A plain, open place :-- On ðam stedewange, Elen. Kmbl. 2040; El. 1021: 1346; El. 675: Andr. Kmbl. 1548; An. 775. Stedewangas, 667; An. 334. Æfter stedewonga stówum, Exon. Th. 154, 23; Gú. 847.
stede-wist, e; f. Stability, steadiness, constancy :-- Stedewist subsistentia, perseverantia, Hpt. Gl. 530, 4.
stedig; adj. Sterile, barren :-- Se ðe eardian déþ stedigne qui habitare facit sterilem, Ps. Lamb. 112, 9. Nǽron ðíne heorda stedige (steriles), Gen. 31, 38. Cf.(?) stede, IV c, and see next word.
stedigness, e; f. Sterility, barrenness :-- Stedignysse sáwle mínre sterilitatem animae meae, Ps. Spl. 34, 14.
steding-line, an; f. A rope that supports a mast, a stay :-- Stedinglíne opisfera, Wrt. Voc. i. 63, 61. S[t]edinglíne, 57, 2.
stefn, stemn, es; m. I. a stem of a tree :-- Hwæt wénst ðú for hwí ǽlc sǽd grówe innon ða eorþan and tó wyrtrumum weorþe on ðære eorþan, búton for ðý ðe hí tiohhiaþ ðæt se stemn and se helm móte ðý fæstor standon ... Eal se dǽl, se ðe ðæs treówes on twelf mónþum geweaxeþ, hé onginþ of ðám wyrtrumum and swá upweardes gréwþ óþ ðone stemn, Bt. 34, 10; Fox 148, 31-150, 2. Ic (the cross) wæs áheáwen holtes on ende, ástyred of stefne (swefne, Kemble) mínum, Rood Kmbl. 59; Kr. 30. Beám yldo ábreóteþ and bebriceþ telgum, ástyreþ stefn on síðe, áfylleþ hine on foldan, Salm. Kmbl. 594; Sal. 296. I a. fig. :-- God is se stemn and staðol ealra góda, Bt. 34, 5; Fox 140, 2. Se ðorn ðære gítsunga ne wyrð forsearod on ðæem helme gif se wyrttruma ne biþ færcorfen oððe forbærned æt ðæm stemne si radix culpae non exuritur, nunquam per ramos avaritiae spina siccatur, Past. 45, 3; Swt. 341, 11. I b. a stem, stock, race. v. leód-, þeód-stefn. II. prow or stern of a vessel :-- Se æftera stemn puppis, Wrt. Voc, i. 63, 37. Tó lides stefne, Chr. 937; Erl. 112, 34. Of nacan stefne, Andr. Kmbl. 582; An. 291. Beornas on stefn stigon, Beo. Th. 429; B. 212. [O. Sax. stamn (of a vessel): O. Frs. stevne: O. H. Ger. stamm stips, truncus, caudex: Icel. stafn, stamn prow or stern of a vessel.] v. forþ-, frum-, steór-stefn; stefna, and next word.
-stefn, -stæfn; adj. v. brond-, heáh-stefn (-stæfn).
stefn, stemn, es; m. I. a turn, time :-- Ðá besæt sió fierd hié (the Danes) ðǽr ða hwíle ðe hié ðær lengest mete hæfdon, ac hié hæfdon heora stemn gesetenne the English force had sat out its turn of service, Chr. 894; Erl. 90, 31. But the word occurs mostly in phrases :-- Ðá Noe ongan níwan stefne (anew, a second time) hám staðelian, Cd. Th. 94, 2; Gen. 1555: Beo. Th. 5181; B. 2594. Eft ... niówan stefne, 3582; B. 1789: Andr. Kmbl. 2607; An. 1305: Cd. Th. 113, 12; Gen. 1886. Hé hine Cyriacus syððan nemde níwan stefne he afterwards named him afresh Cyriacus, Elen. Kmbl. 2119; El. 1061. Emb stemn uicissim, Germ. 388, 77. Emb stem, Scint. 140, 17. II. a body of persons who take their turn at any work (v. fird-stemn), the English military force(?) :-- On stemnes peð (cf. here-paþ), Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 121, 33. v. stefnan, stefning.
stefn, stæfn, stemn, e; f. I. a voice, sound uttered by the mouth (lit. or fig.) :-- Stemn is geslagen lyft gefrédendlíc on hlyste ... Ǽlc stemn byþ geworden of ðæs múðes clypunge and of ðære lyfte cnyssunge; se múð drífþ út ða clypungee, and seó lyft byþ geslagen mid ðære clypunge and gewyrð tó stemne. Ǽlc stemn is oððe andgytfullíc oððe gemenged; andgytfullíc stemn is, ðe mid andgyte biþ geclypod...; gemenged stemn is, ðe biþ bútan andgyte, swylc swá is hrýðera gehlów and horsa hnǽgung, hunda gebeorc, treówa brastlung et cetera, Ælfc. Gr. 1; Zup. 4, 5-16. Stebn vox, Wrt. Voc. ii. 124, 18. Stefn of heofenum ðus cwæð, Mt. Kmbl. 3, 17: Mk. Skt. 1, 11. Seó árleáse helwarena stefn wæs gehýred and heora gnornung, Blickl. Homl. 87, 3. Seó stemn ðære heortan biþ gedréfed, 19, 9. Seó stemn ys Iacobes stefn, Gen. 27, 22. Seó stefen heom andswarode, Nicod. 24; Thw. 13, 5. Swá him seó stefen beád, Gl. Prud. 1 a. Sió býman stefen, Exon. Th. 65, 29; Cri. 1062. Heó clypode micelre stefne, Lk. Skt. 1, 42. Hé cúþre stæfne wæs tó mé sprecende, Bd. 4, 25; S. 600, 43. Gif ðú sanges stæfne gehýrdest, 4, 3; S. 568, 30. Hig gecnáwaþ his stefne, Jn. Skt. 10, 4. Hig mycelre stefne bǽdon ðæt hé wǽre áhangen; and hyra stefna swíðredon, Lk. Skt. 23, 23. Stæfna, Ps. Spl. 18, 3. Láðe cyrmdon fǽgum stæfnum, Cd. Th. 207, 5; Exod. 462. II. as a grammatical term, form to mark relation :-- Se forma hád and se óðer hád habbaþ ǽnlípige stemna, forðan ðe hí beóþ ǽfre ætgædere and him betwýnan sprecaþ. Ðonne ic cweþe ego ic, and ðú cwest tó mé tu ðú, ðonne beó wyt ætgædere and for ðí ne behófaþ náðor ðissera pronomina ná má stemna búton twegra. Se ðridda hád hæfþ syx clypunga, forðan ðe hé ys hwílon mid, hwílon on óðre stówe, Ælfc. Gr. 15; Zup. 93, 2-8. [Chauc. steven: the word is used by Gawin Douglas. Goth. stibna: O. Sax. stemna: O. Frs. stemme: O. H. Ger. stimna, stimma, stemna, stemma.] v. þunorrád-, wæter-stefn.
stefn, e; f. A summons, citation (in rád-stefn a summons carried by a mounted person. v. rád-stefn, where this meaning may be substituted for the one there given). [Icel. stefna a summons, citation.] v. stefnian.
stefna, an; m. The prow or stern of a vessel :-- Æt lides stefnan, Andr. Kmbl. 806; An. 403: 3411; An. 1709. Æt nacan stefnan, Exon. 306, 14; Seef. 7. Sum wǽg stefnan steóreþ, 296, 20; Crä. 54. Steóran ofer stæfnan, Andr. Kmbl. 989; An. 495. v. -stefn, and next word.
stefnan; p. de. I. to regulate, direct, fix, institute :-- Hé stefnde Godes cyrican and Godes gesomnunga on ðære byrig eahta and twentig geára he had the direction of God's church and God's congregations in that town eight-and-twenty years, Shrn. 108, 6. Ongann timbrian ða stówe ðæs mynstres ðe hé from ðam cyninge onféng and mid regollícum ðeódscipum stæfnde curavit locum monasterii, quem a rege acceperat, construere ac regularibus instituere disciplinis, Bd. 3, 19; S. 547, 21 note. II. to alternate :-- Staefnendra alternantium, Wrt. Voc. ii. 99, 74. Stefnendra, 6, 49. v. ge-stefnan; stefn; m. a turn.
stefnan, stefnian to provide with a hem or border, to fringe [ :-- Bebyrde (cf. gebyrded clabatum, 104, 18. Clavatum, sutum vel gebyrd, 131, 57) oððe bestefnde clavatae, Wrt. Voc. ii. 20, 42. Gestefnode clavate, Anglia xiii. 37, 288.] v. stefning, II.
stefn-byrd, e; f. Regulation, direction :-- Sceoldon eal beran stíþe stefnbyrd swá him se steóra bibeád missenlíce gemetu all creatures had to submit to firm direction, as the guide ordered them, various modes, Exon. Th. 349, 12; Sch. 45. v. stefnan to regulate.
-stefne; adj. -voiced. v. hlúd-stefne.
stefnettan, stemnettan; p. te To stand firm(?) :-- Swá stemnetton stíðhugende hysas æt hilde, Byrht. Th. 135, 22; By. 122. [Hwi studgi ʒe nu and steuentið se stille, Kath. 59, 1265.]
stefnian; p. ode To cite, summon (with dat.) :-- Stefnode man God wine eorle and Harolde eorle tó ðon gemóte ... Ðá hí ðider cómon, ðá stefnede heom man tó gemóte, Chr. 1048; Erl. 180, 3-6. Se cing him steofnode tó Glóweceastre, 1093; Erl. 228, 33. [Taken from Scandinavian(?); cf. Icel. stefna to cite, summon a person (dat.).]
stefning, stemning, e; f. I. a turn, used of service where one set of persons replaces another. (In E. Cornwall Glossary stemming is given as 'a turn in succession, as when in dry seasons people have to take their regular turn for water at the common pump') :-- Hié (seó fyrd) hæfdan heora stemninge (steminge, another MS.) gesetene, Chr. 894; Th. i. 166, col. 2, l. 14. v. stefn; m.; stefnan, II. II. a border, hem :-- Stemning vel hem limbus, Wrt. Voc. i. 26, 6. v. limb-stefning; stefnan to fringe.
stela, steola, stæla; m. I. the stalk of a plant :-- Steola caulem, Wrt. Voc. ii. 102, 53: cauliculus, 103, 50: 129, 84, Stela caulem, 13, 14: cauliculus, 76, 11: i. 33, l0. Healm vel stela culmus, i. stramen spicarum, ii. 137, 58. Sæpig stela succulentus cauliculus (ramusculus), Hpt. Gl. 419, 45. Hyre (leechwort) stela byþ mid geþúfum bógum, Lchdm. i. 248, 18. Genim ðysse wyrte wós oððe ðone stelan mid ðam wæstme, 156, 21: 160, 11: 184, 20. Eleleáfes stelan, ii. 272, 23. Heó hafap nigon wyrttruman and swá fela stelena, i. 238, 17. Mid feówer reádum stælum (stelum, MS. B.), 154, 15. Genim nigon stelan, 230, 20. II. fig. :-- Witan sceoldon smeágan hwilc ðæra stelenna ðæs cinestóles wǽre tóbrocen, and bétan ðone sóna. Se cinestól stynt on ðisum þrím stelum: laboratores, bellatores, oratores, Ælfc. T. Grn. 20, 15-19. [O. H. Ger. stil thyrsus herbae: Ger. stiel.] v. cawel-stela; -steled.
stelan; p. stæl, pl. stǽlon; pp. stolen To steal (with dat. of person from whom) :-- Stilith conpilat, Wrt. Voc. ii. 105, 33. Stiled, 15, 32. Gif frigman fréum stelþ, L. Ethb. 9; Th. i. 6, 2. Se ðeo steoþ on ðone dæg, ne geáhsaþ hit manna, Lchdm. iii. 178, 5. Stæl conpilabat, Wrt. Voc. ii. 22, 32. Wénst ðú, ðæt wé ðínes hláfordes gold stǽlon, Gen. 44, 8. Ne stel ðú, Ex. 20, 15: Mt. Kmbl. 19, 18. Ic stele furer, Kent. Gl. 1081. Þeóf ne cymþ búton ðæt hé stele fur non uenit nisi ut furetur, Jn. Skt. 10, 10. Gif frigman cyninge stele, L. Ethb. 4; Th. i. 4, 3. [Goth. stilan: O. Sax. O. H. Ger. stelan: O. Frs. Icel. stela.] v. be-, for-, ge-stelan; þeóf-stolen; stalian.
stéle steel, -steled. v. stíle, án-steled, staled.
stellan, stillan; p. stealde; pp. steald. I. to give a place to, set, place :-- Hé óðrum yfele bisene stelep, Past. 28; Swt. 191, 12. Hwelce bisena hé ðǽr stellende wæs, Ors. 2, 2; Swt. 64, 24. II. to take a place(?), to stand :-- Ðonne cumaþ upplíce eoredheápas stiþmægen ástyred styllaþ embútan eal engla werod écne behlǽnaþ ðone mǽran Metod (cf. ðonne cumaþ ealle engla þreátas stíðe ástyrode standaþ ábutan eall engla werod écne ymbtrymmaþ ðone mǽran kyning, Wulfst. 137, 14) tum superum subito veniet commota potestas, coetibus angelicis regem stipata supernum, Dóm. L. 114. [Laym. stalde; p.: A. R. stolde; p.: O. Sax. stellian: O. H. Ger. stellen.] v. á-, on-stellan.
stellan; p. stealde, and stillan, styllan, stiellan; p. de To leap, rush :-- Ðus hér on grundum Godes éce bearn ofer heáh hleoþu hlýpum stylde; swá wé men sculon heortan gehygdum hlýpum styllan of mægne in mægen, Exon. Th. 46, 28-36; Cri. 744-748. Ðonne hí ðæt mægen ðære unmǽtan hǽto áræfnan ne mihton ðonne stealdon hí eft on middan ðæs unmǽtan cyles and mid ðý hí ðǽr nǽnige reste gemétan mihton stelldon (stældon, MS. T.) hí eft on middel ðæs unádwæscendlícan líges cum vim fervoris immensi tolerare non possent, prosiliebant in medium frigoris infesti; et cum neque ibi requiei invenire valerent, resiliebant rursus in medium flammarum inextinguibilium, Bd. 5, 12; S. 627, 40-628, 1. Seó ofermódnes stellan wile ofer eáðmódnesse superbia inruere vult super humilitatem, Gl. Prud. 32 a. v. á-, ge-, ofer-stellan (-styllan); still.
stel-méle, es; m. A vessel with a stem or handle :-- Stelmélas, Anglia ix. 264, 11.
stel-scofl (?), e; f. The word apparently should mean a shovel with a long handle (v. stela), but it glosses faselus :-- Steolscofle faselo, Germ. 400, 498.
stém, stéman, stéming, steming, stemn, stemnettan, stemning. v. steám, stíman, stíming, stefning, stefn, stefnettan, stefning.
stempan; p. te; pp. ed To stamp, bray :-- Nim ysopo and stemp, Lchdm. i. 378, 20. [Cf. O. H. Ger. stampfón comminuere: Icel. stappa to stamp, bray.] v. á-stempan, and next word.
stemping-ísern, es; n. A stamping-iron :-- Ágrafen, ástemped celatum, i. pictum; stempingísern celon; stempingísern cilion, celox, Wrt. Voc. ii. 130, 57-61.
sténan; p. de. I. to groan :-- Ic grymetige and sténe mid ealle móde rugiebam a gemitu cordis mei, Ps. Th. 37, 8. [Du. stenen to groan.] II. to cause to sound(?) :-- Com ðá wígena hleó þegna þreáte þryðbord sténan beaduróf cyning burga neósan (came with clang of shields), Elen. Kmbl. 302; El. 151. v. stinan.
stencan; p. te To pant, emit breath with effort :-- Stenecendra renula anhelantium cursorum, Hpt. Gl. 406, 8. [Jamieson gives stank to gasp for breath. Cf. Swed. stånka to pant.]
stencan; p. te To scatter :-- Se ðe ne somnaþ se stenceþ qui non congregat, spargit, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 12, 30. Ðú somnast ðǽr ðú ne strenctæs (stenctes?, sprenctæs?) congregas ubi non sparsisti, 25, 24. Ðú stenctest (swenctest?) ða elðeódgan folc and hý áwurpe afflixisti populos et expulisti eos, Ps. Th. 43, 3. [Goth. ga-staggkwan to dash: Icel. stökkva to cause to spring, sprinkle: Dan. stænke to sprinkle: Swed. stänka to sprinkle, scatter.] v. tó-stencan: stincan to spring.
stenc-brengende; adj. (ptcpl.). Odoriferous :-- Stengcbrengendra blóstmana sigbégo odoriferas florum coronas, Rtl. 77, 39.
stencedness, stencend, stencness, stencende. v. tó-stencedness, -stencend, -stencness, swót-stencende.
stencness, e; f. Scent, odour :-- Salde stencgnisse dedit odorem, Rt1. 4, 13.
steng, es; m. A stang (v. Halliwell's Dict.), pole, stake, staff, cudgel, bar :-- Steng (stencg, stengc) vectis, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 28; Zup. 55, 10: Wrt. Voc. i. 26, 44. Stengc, 81, 29. Steng clava, ii. 104, 11: 14, 41: claumentia, 131, 55. Styng clava, i. 33, 60. Wið slege ísernes oððe stenges (stænges, MS. H.), Lchdm. i. 132, 4. Wið wunda som hý sýn of íserne, som hý sýn of stence (stæncge, MS. H.), 166, 10. Ðá hét se déma hí nacode gebindan tó ánum stænge, Shrn. 115, 13. Heáfod on steng (stipitem) ásettan, Bd. 3, 12; S. 537, 34. Stengcum fustibus, Hpt. Gl. 487. 48. Stencgum (stængum, Rush.), Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 26, 47. Stengum sudibus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 85, 53. Mid stengum ðyrscan, Shrn. 55, 10. Mid stearcum stengum beátan, Homl. Th. i. 428, 6. Hát wyrcean twegen stengeas (stengas, Hatt. MS.) of ðæm treówe ðe is haten sethim facies vectes de lignis sethim, Past. 22, 1; Swt. 168, 22. [O. H. Ger. stanga; f. fustis, vectis, contus: Icel. stöng; f. a pole.] v. wíte-steng.
steola, steol-scofl. v. stela, stel-scofl.
steóp- deprived of a relative. The form seems to have been used in the first instance in combination with words denoting children, to mark loss of parents, and then to have been combined with father, mother to express the relation of one who married the mother or father of an orphan. It is a common Teutonic word. [O. Frs. stiap-, stiep-: Du. stief-: O. H. Ger. stiuf-: Ger. stief-: Icel. stjúp-: Dan. stif-: Swed. stjuf-, styf-.] v. stípan, and following words.
steóp-bearn, es; n. An orphan :-- Steópbearn pupillus, Ps. Vos. 81, 3. Ðam steápbearne ic geheólp, Homl. Th. ii. 448, 14, 20. Ðæt mann wydewan geneósige and steópbearnum gehelpe, Homl. Skt. i. 9, 63. [He scal biwerian widewan and steopbern, O. E. Homl. i. 115, 20. Icel. stjúp-barn.]
steóp-cild, es; n. I. an orphan, one who has lost a parent :-- Steópcild privignus, Wrt. Voc. i. 50, 47: pupillus, 285, 1. Steópcilde orphano, Ps. Spl. 9 second, 17. Eówer bearn beóþ steópcild (pupilli), Ex. 22, 24. Steópcild orphani, Ps. Th. 108, 9. Heó wæs wuduwena and steópcilda árigend, Lchdm. iii. 430, 1. Stépcilda, Ps. Surt. 67, 6. Ne deriaþ wudewum and steópcildum, Ex. 22, 22: Blickl. Homl. 45, 1: Ps. Th. 108, 12. Ðæt hí widuwan and steópcild gladian, L. Eth. vi. 47; Th. i. 326, 25. Steápcildo pupillos, Rtl. 29, 13. II. fig. one deprived of protection :-- Wé wǽron steópcild gewordene, forðan ðe wé wǽron ástýpede ðæs heofenlícan ríces, Wulfst. 252, 10. Ne lǽte ic eów steópcild, Jn. Skt. 14, 18.
steóp-dohtor; f. A step-daughter :-- Steópdohter filiaster, Wrt. Voc. i. 72, 34. Stépdohter, 51, 69. [Ic and Algif mín stépdouter, Chart. Th. 583, 23.] [O. H. Ger. stief-tohter filiastra: Icel. stjúp-dóttir.]
steóp-fæder; m. A step-father :-- Steópfaeder bitricius, Txts. 45, 300. Steópfaeder, steúpfaedaer, staupfotar, steúffeder vitricius, 107, 2124. Steóp-fæder vitricus vel patraster, Wrt. i. 52, 11: 72, 31: 284, 75: ii. 11, 10. Hé ofslóh ge his ágenne fæder ge his steópfæder (vitricum suum), Ors. 1, 8; Swt. 42, 22. [O. Frs. stiap-fader: O. H. Ger. stiuf-fater vitricus: Icel. stjúp-faðir.]
steóp-módor; f. A step-mother :-- Steópmóder noverca, Wrt. Voc. i. 72, 32: 284, 76. Steópmódur, ii. 60, 33. Heó wæs Philippuses steópmódor, Ors. 3, 7; Swt. 110, 26. Ðæt mon hine menge mid his steópméder, Bd. 1, 27; S. 491, 11. Steópmódrum, S. 490, 35. Gé sume hæfdon eówre steópmódur, Past. 32; Swt. 211 9. [O. Frs. stiap-móder: O. H. Ger. stiaf-móter: Icel. stiup-móðir.]
steóp-sunu, a; m. A step-son :-- Steópsunu filiaster, Wrt. Voc. ii. 108, 69: 35, 61: privignus, i. 52, 12: 72, 33. Hé ofslóh his steópsunu, Ors. i. 8; Swt. 42, 22. [O. H. Ger. stiuf-sun privignus: Icel. stjúp-sonr.]
steór, es; m. A steer, young bull, or cow :-- Ðríuuintri steór, steúr prifeta, Txts. 89, 1655: Wrt. Voc. ii. 68, 42. Steór anniculus, 10, 41: juvencus, vel vitula, i. 23, 43: laudaris, 287, 61: ludares, ii. 51, 22: ludarius, 113, 24. [Goth. stiurs a calf: O. L. Ger. stier taurus: O. H. Ger. stior juvencus: Icel. stjórr.] v. steór-oxa.
steór and stýr, e; f. I. guidance, direction :-- Lár vel steór disciplina, Wrt. Voc. i. 46, 57: 75, 31. Gyrd steóre virga directionis, Ps. Lamb. 44, 7. Ðæt hé ðoncfull sí stýre him ðæs bebodenan folces contentus sit gubernatione creditae sibi plebis, Bd. 4, 5; S. 372, 33. God sette ǽ ðam folce tó steóre, Ælfc. T. Grn. 5, 36: L. Eth. ix. 36; Th. i. 348, 14: L. Ælfc. P. 8; Th. ii. 366, 18: Boutr. Scrd. 18, 4. Gegrípaþ stýre adprehendite disciplinam, Ps. Surt. 2, 12. II. that which guides, a rule, regulation :-- Seó ǽ, ðæt is se[ó] rihtwíse steór, ne gegrét ðone rihtwísan mid nánum yfele, Homl. Skt. i. 17, 19. Ǽlc mínra þegna ðe ða steóre swá healdan nelle swá ic beboden habbe, L. Ath. v. 11; Th. i. 240, 21. III. correction, discipline, reproof :-- Gif hé ðám réceleásum stýrþ, ðonne sceal his steór beón mid lufe gemetegod, Homl. Th. ii. 532, 12. Eallum him sceal beón án steór and án lár æfter heora geearnunga anddyfene una prebeatur in omnibus secundum merita disciplina, R. Ben. 13, 7. Steór correptio, Scint. 117, 8. Ðæt man cýde búton steóre intingan, Homl. Th. ii. 590, 23. Wrǽnes mid stíðre steóre láre sí geweld lascivia duro disciplinae paedagogio refrenetur, Hpt. Gl. 432, 34: Homl. Th. i. 360, 18. Ðæt wíse men scelfon settan steóre dysigum mannum, swá ðæt hí ðæt dysig and ða unðeáwas álecgan, 268, 2. On steórum in increpationibus, Ps. Spl. 38, 14. [See O. E. Homl. i. 117, 21-35.] IV. restraint, check :-- Ðæt mód hæfþ fulfremedne willan tó ðære wrǽnnesse bútan ǽlcre steóre and wearne animus voluptate luxuriae sine ullo repugnationis obstaculo delectatur, Past. 11, 7; Swt. 73, 8. Ðæs unrǽdes stídferhð cyning steóre gefremede (checked that evil plan (building the tower of Babel)), ðá hé reorde gesette eorðbúendum ungelíce, Cd. Th. 101, 17; Gen. 1683. V. punishment, penalty :-- Ic habbe gecoren hwæt seó steór beón mǽge gif ǽnig man andbyrdnysse beginþ, L. Edg. S. 14; Th. i. 276, 31. Oft gé in gestalum stondaþ, ðæs cymeþ steór of heofonum, Exon. Th. 132, 32; Gú. 481. Ǽgðer wǽre unnyt ge mildheortnes ge steór, gif hié ánlípe wǽron ... Fordæm scel bión on ðæm reccere ðæt hé sié mildheortlíce wítniende, Past. 17; Swt. 125, 3. Æfer ðæs gyltes gemete sceal beón gelengen ðære steóre gemet (disciplinae mensura), R. Ben. 48, 16. Ðæt hí stýran (punish) ǽlcum ðara ðe ðis ne gelǽste ... and on ðære steóre ne sý nán forgifnes, L. Edg. S. 1; Th. i. 272, 8. Mid woruldcundre steóre with punishment inflicted by the secular power, L. Eth. vi. 50; Th. i. 328, 3. Mid worldlícre steóre, ix. 15; Th. i. 344, 4: L. I. P. 2; Th. ii. 304, 18: Wulfst. 169, 8: 311, 16. Gif feohbót áríseþ swá swá woroldwitan tó steóre gesettan (fixed as penalty), L. Eth. vi. 51; Th. i. 328, 5. Ðæt gehwilc man his teóðunge rihtlíce gelǽste be ðære steóre ðe Eádgár gelagede under pain of the punishment that Edgar fixed by law, Wulfst. 272, 8. Ceóse Dene be lagum hwylce steóre hý be ðan healdan willaþ, L. Edg. S. 13; Th. i. 276, 28. Ðá ásende him God tó swýðlíce steóre (he wes carried away captive), Homl. Skt. i. 18, 437. Tóscádan ge on godcundan scriftan ge on woroldcundan steóran, L. Eth. vi. 52; Th. i. 328, 19. Hig gesetton woruldlíce steóra ... and ða woruldbóte hig gesetton gemǽne Criste and cynge, L. E. G. prm.; Th. i. 166, 13. Gerǽde man friðlíce steóra and ne forspille for lytlum Godes handgeweorc, L. Eth. v. 3; Th. i. 304, 20: vi. 10; Th. i. 318, 3. Ðonne wurð seó heardnes stíðmódre heortan gehnexad þurh grimlíce steóra and heardlíce ðreála, Wulfst. 133, 19. Se rihtwísa ne þearf him ondrǽdan ða stíðan steóra ðe Godes ǽ tǽcþ, Homl. Skt. i. 17, 22. V a. where the punishment is stated to be a money one, a fine, penalty :-- Ðone feórðan pening on folclícre steóre, Chart. Th. 242, 30. Gif se landríca nelle tó steóre filstan will not assist to levy the fine, L. N. P. L. 54; Th. ii. 298, 19. [O. H. Ger. stiura gubernaculum, clavus, stipendium. v. Grmm. R. A. 298.] v. woruld-stór; steóran.
steór, es; n. A rudder, helm. [Itt iss sett att te ster to sterenn, Orm. 15258. Hys sterisman ... the stere smote overe borde, Chauc. H. of F. i. 437. Ʒif he ne rauʒte to þe stiere (steere, stere) þe wynde wolde þe bote ouerthrowe, Piers P. 8, 35. Du. stuur; n. helm, rudder: O. Frs. stiure: M. H. Ger. stiure; n.: Ger. steuer; n.: Icel. stýri; n.] v. steór-, steóres-mann.
steóra, stiéra, styra, an; m. One who directs the course of a ship, (a) lit. :-- Steóra gubernio, Wrt. Voc. i. 48, 7: gubernator, 56, 17: proreta, ii. 69, 5: 75, 10. Swelce se stióra slépe on midre sǽ and forlure ðæt stiórróður ... Se biþ swíðe onlíc ðæm stióran ðe his stiórróðor forliést on sǽ quasi dormiens in medio mari et quasi sopitus gubernator amisso clavo ... Quasi clavum gubernator amittit, Past. 56, 3; Swt. 431, 30-36. Gelic ðam scipe búton ǽlcum steóran, Basil admn. 6; Norm. 46, 21. (b) fig. :-- God is steóra and steórróþer, forðæm hé reht and rǽt eallum gesceaftum, swá swá god steóra (stióra, Cott. MS.) ánum scipe, Bt. 35, 3; Fox 158, 25. [Ilc ðhusent adde a meister wold, and under ðis tʒen steres ben, Gen. and Ex. 3413. O. H. Ger. stiuro gubernator, nauclerus: Icel. stjóri a ruler (poet.).] v. fore-, scip-steóra.
steóran, stióran, (and with umlaut) stiéran, stéran, stíran, stýran; p. de. I. to steer, guide a vessel:?-Sum [on] fealone wǽg stefnan steóreþ, Exon. Th. 296, 20; Crii. 54. Ic ǽfre ne geseah ǽnigne mann ðé gelícne steóran ofer stæfnan, Andr. Kmbl. 989; An. 495. Swíðe eáðe mæg on smyltre sǽ ungelǽred scipstiéra genóh ryhte stiéran, Past. 9; Swt. 59, 2. Ia. fig. to steer, guide, rule, direct:?-Se stiórþ ðam hrædwǽne eallra gesceafta volucrem currum regit, Bt. 36, 2; Fox 174, 20. Swá déþ ðæt mód, ðonne hit wacorlíce stiéreþ ðære sáwle cum mens vigilanter animam regit, Past. 56, 3; Swt. 433, 4. Stýrþ regit, Wülck. Gl. 254, 29. Steórdes gubernasti, Ps. Surt. ii. p. 188, 5. Se stýrde Dǽre mǽgþe qui Deirorum provinciam gubernaret, Bd. 4, 12; S. 581, 19: 5, 23; S. 645, 38. Steóran and reccan ðone anweald ðe mé befæst wæs, Bt. 17; Fox 58, 27. Ða geornfulnesse ðe hé mid stióran scolde ðære sáwle and ðæm líchoman, Past. 56, 3; Swt. 431, 34. Þurh ðé ic ðys eówde stýran and rihtan [mihte], Blickl. Homl. 191, 28. Hé ða cyricean wæs reccende and stýrende ecclesiam regens, Bd. 5, 19; S. 639, 13. II. to correct, restrain a person (dat.) from wrong, (gen. or prep.) give a right direction to what is wrong:--Ic béte sume leáse bóc oððe ic stýre (steóre, MS. H.) sumum stuntum menn corrigo, Ælfc. Gr. 28, 5; Zup. 173, 10. Se micla cræftiga hiertende tóscýfþ and egesiende stiérþ ofermétta mid ðære tǽlinge his hiéremonnum ðæt hé hié gebringe on lífe magnus regendi artifex favoribus impellit, terroribus retrahit, ut auditores suos et descripto irreprehensibilitatis culmine restringat a superbia, et officium laudando, quod quaeritur componat ad vitam, Past. 8, 1; Swt. 53, 16. Gif hé ðám réceleásum stýrþ, ðonne sceal his steór beón mid lufe gemetegod. . . Wel déþ se ðe ungewittigum stýrþ mid swinglum, gif hé mid wordum ne mæg. Hit is áwriten: 'Ne biþ se stunta mid wordum gerihtlǽced,' Homl. Th. ii. 532, 11-15. Gif hé him sylfum stýrþ fram eallum stuntnyssum, Homl. Skt. i. 17, 22. Ðæt stýrþ (checks) ðam þurste, Lchdm. ii. 192, 11. Hé missenlíce monna cynne gielpes stýreþ, Exon. Th. 299, 20; Crä. 105. Swá biþ geóguðe ðeáw, ðǽr ðæs ealdres egsa ne stýreþ, 127, 25; Gú. 391. Gif bisceopas forgýmaþ, þæt hí synna ne stýraþ ne unriht forbeódaþ if bishops neglect to restrain from sins and to forbid wrong, Wulfst. 176, 29. Gif hé hit herede and on tyhte eft hé stiérde ðære gewilnunge qui tamen laudans desiderium in pavoremvertit protinus, Past. 8, 1; Swt. 53, 9. Iacobus his stírde Jacobus prohibet, 3, 1; Swt. 33, 10. Ðæt hé fram synnan gecyrre and óðrum mannum unrihtes stýre, L. Eth. vi. 42; Th. i. 326, 9: Wulfst. 308, 19. Mánfulra dǽda on ǽghwilcan ende stýre man swýðe, 309, 27. Gif seó wyrd swá hweorfan mót and ðú heore nelt stíran (steóran, Met. 4, 49), Bt. 4; Fox 8, 19. Stiéran sceal mon strongum móde, Exon. Th. 312, 13; Seef. 109. Stýran, 336, 18; Gn. Ex. 51. Ðæm sacerde náht ne fremaþ ðæt hé rihtwís beó gif hé ðám unrihtwísan nele hyra unrihtes stýran (cf. preósta nán ne wandige, ðæt hig ne bodigan ǽlcum men, hwæt him sig tó dónne and hwæt tó forgánne, Th. ii. 202, 11-13) sacerdoti nihil prodest, quod ipse justus sit, si injustos pro injustitia eorum corrigere nolit, L. Ecg. P. iii. 15 tit.; Th. ii. 196, 10. Se ðe wylle eard clǽnsian, ðonne mót hé georne ðyllíces stýran (steóran, MS. B.) restrain such crimes, L. C. S. 7; Th. i. 380, 9. Hé wolde ús mid líðnysse stýran, Homl. Th. i. 320, 10: Blickl. Homl. 63, 22. Him stýran cwom stefn a voice came restraining Abraham from sacrificing Isaac, Cd. Th. 204, 8; Exod. 416. Stýran his módes styrunge mid singalre gemetfæstnesse, Homl. Th. i. 360, 15. II a. to keep back from what is good:--Ic dysge dwelle and óðrum stýre nyttre fóre I (night) lead the foolish astray and keep back others from a useful course, Exon. Th. 393, 3; Rä. 12, 4. III. to reprove, chide, rebuke:?-Se ðe steórþ þeóda qui corripit gentes, Ps. Lamb. 93, 10. Stiórde &l-bar; stiórend wæs him comminatus est eis, Mk. Skt. Lind. Rush. 8, 30. Seó menigo stýrde ðæm blindan ðæt hé cleopode the multitude rebuked him for calling out, Blickl. Homl. 19, 5: 191, 12. Se hálga wer wordum stýrde unryhtre ǽ (cf. Herod being reproved by John for Herodias his brother Philip's wife, Lk. 3, 19), Exon. Th. 260, 13; Jul. 296. Steórdon increpabant, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 19, 13. Stiórdun comminabantur, Mk. Skt. Rush. 10, 13, 48. Swá hié him swýðor stýrdon, swá hé hlúdor cleopode, Blickl. Homl. 15, 21. Ná on ðínum yrre stýr ðú mé neque in ira tua corripias me, Ps. Lamb. 6, 2: Mt. Kmbl. 18, 15. God wolde stýran ðære nytennyse Cúðberhtes, and ásende án cild, ðæt hit his dyslícan plegan wíslíce ðreáde, Homl. Th. ii. 134, 5. IV. to punish:?-Ðonne hý ágyltaþ him man stýre oðþe mid swíðlícum fæstenum oðþe mid teartum swingellum hý wylde dum delinquunt, aut nimiis jejuniis affligantur, aut acribus verberibus coherceantur, R. Ben. 54, 3. Ðonne beóde ic mínum geréfan ðæt hí stýran ǽlcum ðara ðe ðis ne gelǽste . . . and on ðære steóre ne sý nán forgifnes, L. Edg. S. 1; Th. i. 272, 6. Swá hwilc ðissa (various punishments) swá man gerǽde; swá man mæg stýran, and eác ðære sáwle gebeorgan, L. C. S. 30; Th. i. 394, 16. Hí sceoldan ðǽm unrihtdóndum mid grimnesse stéran; þeófum and mánswarum . . . sceolan ða déman grimlíce stýran, Blickl. Homl. 63, 12-15. [Iesu Crist shall ben hæfedd to steorenn hemm, Orm. 1559. In yherde irened salt þou stere (reges) þa, Ps. 2, 9. Þu steorest te sea stream þ-bar; hit fleden ne mot fir þan þu markedest, Marh. 9, 34. Goth. stiurjan to establish: O. Frs. stiora, stiura to steer; to hinder: O. H. Ger. stiuren gubernare, fulcire: Icel. stýra, to steer; to direct, govern.] v. ge-, on-steóran (-stíran, -stýran); steór, steórend.
steór-bord, es; n. Star-board, the right side of a ship looking forward:?-Hé lét him ealne weg ðæt wéste land on ðæt steórbord and ða wídsǽ on ðæt bæcbord, Ors. 1. 1; Swt. 17, 10, 25. [Cf. Icel. stjórnborði: Da. Swed. styr-bord; Du. stuur-boord.]
steóre, an: f. A regulation:?-Gif eóver hwilc forgýmeleásaþ and mé hýran nelle and emban ða steóran (steóra ?) swá beón nelle swá ic beboden hæbbe and on úrum gewritum stent, L. Ath. v. 11; Th. i. 240, 17. v. steór.
steórend, stýrend, es; m. I. a ruler, governor:?-God, staðulfæst steórend, Andr. Kmbl. 2673; An. 1338. Stýrend, 241; An. 121. Drihten, ealra sceafta reccend and stýrend, Wulfst. 255, 18. II. one who corrects, one who reproves:?-Stýrend corrector, increpator, Wrt. Voc. ii. 135, 82. v. steóran.
steórere, es; m. A steerer:?-Hit wǽre swelce se stióra slépe on midre sǽ . . . Ðæm stiórere biþ gelícost se mon ðe ongemong ðisses middangeardes costungum hine ágímeleásaþ, Past. 56, 3; Swt. 431, 31. [O. H. Ger. stiurari gubernator, recuperator.] v. steóra.
steóres-mann, es; m. A steersman, one who guides a vessel, the captain of a vessel:?-Be ðon ðe mon on scipe bereáfod sý. Gif man beó æt his ǽhtan bereáfod, and hé wite of hwilcum scipe, ágyfe steóresman ða ǽhta, L. Eth. ii. 4; Th. i. 286, 17. [Steres-men rulers of ten men, Gen. and Ex. 3417. Twelue scipen weoren forloren, þa oðere weoren al todriuen, nes þer na steoresmon þat æuere aht cuðe þer on, Laym. 11985. Þe steoressmann aʒʒ lokeþþ till an steorrne, Orm. 2135. Swed. styresman a chief, ruler.] v. steór-mann.
steorfa, an; m. I. mortality, pestilence:?-Sceal áspringan wíde and síde stric and steorfa and fela ungelimpa, Wulfst. 86, 12: 159, 10. Gif hit geweorðe ðæt folce mislimpe þurh here oðþon hungor, þurh stric oððe steorfan, L. P. 18; Th. ii. 324, 29. II. flesh of animals that have died a natural death:?-Se ðe steorfan ete qui morticinam ederit, L. Ecg. P. iv. 27; Th. i. 212, 3. III. a place where death has taken place(?):--Andlang móres tó síferþingcsteorfan, Cod. Dip. B. i. 296, 34. [Stala and steorfa swiðe eow seal hene, O. E. Homl. i. 13, 29. O. Sax. man-sterƀo: O. H. Ger. sterbo pestis, cladis, pestilentia.] v. fǽr-steorfa.
steorfan; p. stearf, pl. sturfon; pp. storfen To die:?-Se ðe gelíð raðe hé styrfþ oððe génunge hé áríseþ he that takes to his bed (on the tenth day of the moon), soon will he die or he will be up again directly, Lchdm. iii. 188, 21. Gif hrýðera steorfan, 54, 30. Annanias and Saphira mid fǽrlícum deáðe ætforan ðám apostolum steorfende áfeóllon, Homl. Th. i. 398, 34. [Se man þe nán gód ne heafde stærf of hunger, Chr. 1124; Erl. 253, 22. Wrecce men sturuen of hungær, 1137; Erl. 262, 27. Hi sturfe hungre, O. E. Homl. i. 233, 5. Caim starf (died), Gen. and Ex. 481. Summe storuen, 2975. Ilc was storuen, 3162. Steruyn̄, idem quod deyyn̄, Prompt. Parv. 474, col. 2. O. Sax. sterƀan: O. L. Ger. steruan: O. Frs. sterva: O. H. Ger. sterban] v. á-steorfan.
steor-gleáw; adj. Skilled in a knowledge of the stars:?-Steorgleáwra, tuncgelwítegana mathematicorum, Hpt. Gl. 467, 75.
steór-leás; adj. I. without restraint, ungovernable, fierce:?-Sió réþe oððe sió steórleáse efferra, Wrt. Voc. ii. 31, 16. II. without regulation, profligate:?-Ðú cýþdest ðæt ðú nestest hwelces endes ǽlc angin wilnode ðá ðú wéndest ðæt steórleáse men and réceleáse wǽron gesǽlige and wealdendas ðisse worulde quis sit rerum finis, ignoras, nequam homines atque nefarios, potentes felicesque arbitraris, Bt. 5, 3; Fox 12, 35. III. without instruction, foolish, ignorant:?-Þeáh hió (the earth) unwísum wídgel þince, on stede stronglíc steórleásum men, Met. 10, 11. IV. without rule, not living under rule:?-Gif bescoren man steórleás (not living under the rule of any religious house) gange him on gestlíðnesse, L. Win. 7; Th. i. 38, 12. [Gif þu uuel were, iwend þe from uuele, þi les þe ðú steorles losie on ende, O. E. Homl. i. 117, 35. Cf. Goth. libands usstiuriba GREEK, Lk. 15, 13. Icel. stjórn-lauss unruly.]
steór-mann, es; m. A steersman, pilot, captain:?-Steórman gubernio, Wrt. Voc. i. 56, 18: gubernator vel nauclerus, 73, 79. Hera ðone steórman ac ná ǽrðan ðe hé becume gesundful tó ðære hýðe, Homl. Th. ii. 560, 22. [Stereman proreta, Wrt. Voc. i. 274, col. 2. He nom alle þa scipen and þa steormen alle, Laym. 28436. Du. stuur-man: Icel. stýri-maðr a skipper, captain: Dan. styr-mand a mate: Swed. styr-man.] v. steóres-mann, steór-réþra.
steorn (?), e; f. The forehead. [O. H. Ger. stirna frons.] v. steornede.
steór-nægl (?), es; m. The handle of a helm:?-Steórsceofol oððe [steór-?]nægl clavus, Wrt. Voc. i. 74, 3. [O. H. Ger. stiur-nagal clavus.]
steornede; adj. Having a big forehead; fig. bold, active :-- Steornede (the word occurs in a list of adjectives denoting the possession of physical characteristics) frontalis vel calidus, Wrt. Voc. i. 45, 36. Steorrede (steornede ?) frontialis, ii. 38, 55: 151, 25.
Steórnes-healh. v. Streónes-healh.
steór-, stiér-, stýr-ness, e; f. Correction, discipline :-- Hine sylfne ðreágian mid stýrnysse ðære gástlícan steóre, Homl. Th. i. 360, 17. Hwílon hé gewítnaþ ðæs mannes gewitleáste mid stýrnysse óðrum tó steóre, Homl. Ass. 62, 259. Stiérnesse disciplinam, Ps. Spl. T. 2, 12. [Cf. O. H. Ger. stiurida gubernatio.]
steór-oxa, an; m. A steer :-- Steóroxa anniculus vel trio, Wrt. Voc. i. 23, 41. [Ger. stier-ochs a bull.]
steorra, an; m. A star :-- Steorra stella, tungel sidus, Wrt. Voc. i. 41, 53. Swána steorra hesperius, ii. 43, 39. Se hára (háta ?) steorra canis vel canicula, Stella quae Sirius vocatur, 128, 25. Se steorra ðe wé hátaþ Ursa ne cymþ nǽfre on ðam westdǽle, þeáh ealle óþre steorran faren æfter ðære sunnan, Bt. 39, 13; Fox 232, 29-32. Se steorra (stearra, Lind.) ðe hí on eástdǽle gesáwon, Mt. Kmbl. 2, 9. Steorra, se is cweden commeta, Bd. 4, 12; S. 581, 13. Beorhtnes scínendes steorran, 5, 12; S. 629, 5. Stiorran, Met. 28, 44. Ðone beorhtan steorran ðe wé hátaþ morgensteorra; ðone ilcan wé hátaþ óþre naman ǽfensteorra, Bt. 4; Fox 8, 2-4. Tácna on steorrum, Lk. Skt. 21, 25. [O. Frs. stera: O. Sax. O. H. Ger. sterro: Goth. stairnó; f.: O. H. Ger. sterno: Icel. stjarna; f.] v. ǽfen-, dæg-, heofon-, morgen-, sǽ-, scip-, swán-steorra.
steór-réðra, an; m. A steersman, skipper, captain :-- Crist wæs on ðæm scipe swá se steórréþra . . . Andreas ástág on ðæt scip and gesæt be tfæm steórréþran, Blickl. Homl. 233, 4, 24: 235, 23. v. steór-mann.
steór-róðor (-er, -ur), es; n. A rudder, lit. and fig.:--Steórróþer remus (an oar used for steering), Wrt. Voc. i. 48, 11. Steórróðer palmula, ii. 67, 68. Steórróðor, 116, 52. Steórróþur gubernaculum, i. 63, 52. God is steórróþer and helma clavus atque gubernaculum, Bt. 35, 3; Fox 158, 25. God ǽghwæ; wealt mid ðæm helman and mid ðæm stiórróþre his gódnesse Deus omnia bonitatis clavo gubernare credatur, 35, 4; Fox 160, 15. Steórróðre (stiór-, Cott. MS.), 35, 5; Fox 164, 28. Swelce se stióra slépe and forlure ðæt stiórróður (clavum) . . . Se déþ swá se stióra ðe ðæt stiórróðor forliésþ, Past. 56, 3; Swt. 431, 30-33. [O. H. Ger. stiur-ruodar gubernaculum, clavus, artemo.]
steor-sceáwere, es; m. I. an observer of the stars, an astronomer, astrologer :-- Up on ðæm rodore ðara steorsceáwera Epicurii, Wrt. Voc. ii. 32, 4. [Cf. O. H. Ger. himil-scouwari mathematicus; sterrowartal magus.] II. a constellation (?):--Steorrscéwere (sceorr-, Wrt.) constellationem, Wrt. Voc. ii. 79, 66. v. steor-wigle.
steór-scofl, e; f. A rudder :-- Steórsceofl gubernaculum, Wrt. Voc. i. 56, 46. Steórsceofol clavus, 74, 3.
steór-setl, es; n. The steering-seat, the stern :-- Steórsetl puppis, Wrt. Voc. i. 48, 10: 56, 55: 64, 5: Ælfc. Gr. 9, 78; Zup. 75, 12. Scip oððe steórsetl puppis, 9, 28; Zup. 56, 10. Se Hǽlend wearð on slǽpe on ðam steórsetle erat in puppi dormiens (Mk. 4, 37), Homl. Th. ii. 378, 17.
steór-stefn, es; m. The stern, poop :-- Steórstefn puppis. Wrt. Voc. ii. 73, 28.
steort, es; m. I. a tail, start (as in red-start, one of the names for ruticilla phoenicurus, also called fire-tail. Start, plough-start = plough-tail, v. Halliwell's Dict. Stark-naked is a corruption of start-naked):--Steort cauda, Wrt. Voc. ii. 103, 20: 129, 75. Se hálga stert sacra spina, i. 283, 50. Ðære helle hund ongan fægenian mid his steorte, Bt. 35, 6; Fox 168, 17. Nym hyre (the adder's) steort (caudam), Ex. 4, 4. Sume wyrmas wǽren and sume fiscas ðe hæfden án heáfod and monigne steort. Ða steortas, hé sǽde, ðæt hulpan ealle ðæs heáfdes, Shrn. 162, 14-16. II. a promontory, tongue of land (cf. Start Point in Devon, Start Island in the Orkneys):--Andlang weges ðæt hit sticaþ on norðeweardum cynges steorte, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 48, 9. Of ðæm weall tó steorte, 464, 25. Be gemǽre ðæt on ðone steort; of ðam steort on ða strǽt, 438, 22. Oð ðone steort; fram ðam steorte andlang ðæs fúlan bróces, ii. 250, 22. Cf. Penwiht-steort the Land's End, Chr. 997; Erl. 135. 10. [Ðe leun drageð dust wið his stert ðer he steppeð, Misc. 1, 9. Stert of an appull, of a handle of a vessel, of a plow, Prompt. Parv. 474, col. 2. See also Cath. Angl. 363, nn. 2, 3. O. Frs. stert tail: Du. staart: O. H. Ger. sterz stiva: Ger. sterz tail; plough-tail: Icel. stertr tail: Dan. stjert: Swed. stjert tail; plough-tail.] v. rysc-steort.
steor-wigle, -wigl (?), es; n. Prognostication by the stars, astrology :-- Stiorwigle ɫ mearcunge constellationem (cf. constellatio leáses spelles talu, Wrt. Voc. ii. 20, 68; and Span, constelacion prognostication of the stars), stiorwiglu constellationes, Hpt. Gl. 467, 78. Stiorwigl (-wiglunge ?) astrologiam, 528, 64. v. steor-wiglung, wigle.
steor-wiglung, e; f. Astrology :-- Æfter steorwiglunge juxta constellationem, Anglia xiii. 33, 141. v. steor-wigle.
steór-wirðe; adj. Deserving reprobation :-- Ðonne wé hwæthwugu stiórwierðes ongietaþ on ða ðe ús underðiédde bióþ cum ea guae in subditis arguenda cognoscunt. Past. 28, 4; Swt. 194, 3.
stépan; p. te To cause to take a step, to initiate :-- Gistoepid initiatum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 112, 2. Gestéped, gehálgodne initiatum, 45, 70. Cf. stæppan; p. stóp. v. (?) on-stépan.
stépan to bereave, stépan to exalt, stepe, -stéped, stépel, stépness, steppan, steppe-scóh, stér. v. stípan to bereave, stípan to exalt, stæpe, stépan, stípel, stípness, stæppan, stæppe-scóh, stǽr.
stéran; p. de. I. to cense, burn incense as a sacrifice :-- Aaron stérde mid thimiama, Num. 16, 47. Ozias wolde offrian and stérde æt ðam weofode (Uzziah went into the temple to burn incense upon the altar of incense, 2 Chron. 26, 16), Homl. Ass. 58, 185. Nim ǽlc his stórcillan and stére ætforan Gode, Num. 16, 7. Stþérde (=stérde) adoleret, sacrificaret, Hpt. Gl. 509, 59. Stérden thurificarent, 513, 69. Tó stýrenne ad thurificandum, ad sacrificandum, 477, 66. II. to perfume a person as with incense:--Stér (stýr, MS. B.) hyne mid ðære wyrte, Lchdm. i. 98, 19: 206, 2. [Þer ne schulen heo helle stenches stinken, þer me scbal ham steoren mid guldene chelle, O. E. Homl. i. 193, 45.] v. stór, stéring.
sterced-ferhþ. v. stærced-ferhþ.
stéring, e; f. Incense :-- Stémendre stérincge fragrantis incensi, Hpt. Gl. 441, 73. v. stéran.
ster-melda, an; m. The word occurs in the following apparently corrupt passage:--Gif frigman mannan forstele gif hé eft cuma stermelda secge an andweardne gecænne hine gif hé mǽge if a freeman steal a man; if he (the man who has been stolen) come back to give information of the theft, let him make his charge against the thief when the latter is present; let him (the thief) clear himself if he can, L. H. E. 5; Th. i. 28, 10. In the note on this passage stermelda is taken as steórmelda = delator fiscalis; Schmid. on the other hand, gives the meaning 'delator qui rem, factum (stær) prodit.' Perhaps for stermelda might be written stelmelda, a sense which has been given in the translation above.
stern, stert, stete, stéþa. v. stearn, steort, stíle, stéda.
stic[c] (?); adj. Sticky, viscous :-- Wið ómena geberste. . . . Steah feówer scearpan ymb ða poccas and lǽt yrnan ðæt sticce (the sticky matter) ðe hit wille, Lchdm. ii. 100, 4.
stic-ádl, e; f. Stitch, pain in the side :-- Sticwærc, sticádl telum, i. dolor lateris, Wrt. Voc. i. 19, 23. v. stice.
sticca, an; m. I. a stick, peg :-- Sticca gergenna (gergenna lignum teres, quo per duas ansas transmisso operculum firmatur ne excidat, Migne), Wrt. Voc. i. 287, 38: ii. 41, 32. Se sticca (the tent-peg him eode út þurh ðæt heáfod in tó ðære eorþan, Jud. 4, 21. Styre mid sticcan, Lchdm. ii. 76, 26. Genim twegen sticcan feðerecgede and wrít on ǽgðerne sticcan be hwælcere ecge, i. 386, 4-6. Nim ǽnne sticcan and gníd tó sumum þinge, iii. 274, 3. I a. the pointer of a dial :-- Se sticca on ðæm dægmǽle, Anglia viii. 317, 20. II. a spoon (cf. spón):--Lǽt yrnan ðæt blód on grénne sticcan hæslenne, weorp ðonne ofer weg áweg, Lchdm. ii. 142, 20: 144, 7: 104, 7. Genim fíf sticcan fulle ecedes, i. 110, 21: iii. 4, 18. Wring ðæt wós of, ánne sticcan fulne, and huniges þrý sticcan fulle, 102, 14. Nim wífes meolce þrý sticcæs fulla and cyleþena ánne sticce fulne, 96, 27. [O. H. Ger. steccho palus, paxillus, fustis, clavus: Icel. stika; f. a stick.] v. candel-, clader-, geoc-, plant-, regol-, seám-, stór-, tóþ-sticca.
sticce sticky matter, v. stic[c]. Sticce a piece, v. stycce.
stice, es; m. I. a prick, puncture, stab, thrust with a pointed implement :-- Se ðe ús gehǽleþ from ðæm stice úrra synna hé geðafode ðæt him mon sette ðyrnenne beág on ðæt heáfud a peccatorum nos punctionibus salvans spinis caput supponere non recusavit, Past. 36, 9; Swt. 261, 13. Gif man þeóh þurhstingþ, slicc gehwilce .vi. scillingas, L. Ethb. 67; Th. i. 18, 16. II. a pricking sensation, a stitch :-- Gif stice bútan innoðe sié, Lchdm. ii. 274, 28. Wið miltewærce and stice, 174, 4. Se hwíta stán mæg wiþ stice, 290, 10. Wið eágena hǽtan and stice, i. 352, 5. [Wið gestice, 393, 20.] [In his soule he hefde þe stiche of sore pine. . . . Þeos stiche was þreouold, þet, ase þreo speres smiten him tó þer heorte, A. R. 110, 12-14. Stiches iþi lonke, H. M. 35, 26. Styche, peyne on þe syde telum, Prompt. Parv. 475, col. 1. Goth. stiks a point of time: O. Frs. steke a prick, stab: O. H. Ger. stih[h]ictus: Ger. stich a prick, stitch, puncture: Dan. stik a stab: Swed. stick a prick, stitch, stab.] v. fǽr-, in-stice; stic-ádl, and next word.
sticel, es; m. That with which a prick may be given, (stickle in stickle-back; cf. stickly prickly, Halliwell's Dict.) a sting, goad :-- Óðerne hé dráf mid sticele, óðrum hé wiðteáh mid brídle illum stimulo impellere nititur, hunc freno moderatur, Past. 40, 3; Swt. 293, 1. Hé sǽwþ ðone sticel ðæs andan seminantur stimuli, 38, 7; Swt. 279, 9. Þé mid stíðum ástyrest sticelum gǽlsan luxuriae stimulis te agitabis acutis, Dóm. L. 179. Ða gnættas mid swíþe lytelum sticelum hine deriaþ, Bt. 16, 2; Fox 52, 11. Sticelas ramnos, Blickl. Gl. [O. H. Ger. stihhil aculeus: Icel. stikill the pointed end of a horn.] v. sticels.
sticels, es; m. A goad, stimulus, thorn (lit. and fig.):--Sticels aculeus, Wrt. Voc. i. 75, 2. Sticels (not sticel) vel gádísen, 15, 15. Mé is geseald sticels mínes líchaman. . . . Ic bæd mínne Drihten ðæt hé áfyrrode ðæs sceoccan sticels fram mé (there was given to me a thorn in the flesh. . . . I besought the Lord, that it might depart from me, 2 Cor. 12, 7-8), Homl. Th. i. 474, 12-15. Sticelse stimulo, monitione, Hpt. Gl. 420, 45. Se yfela gást hine drehte mid deófollícum sticelsum, Homl. Skt. i. 18, 10. Sticelsas rhamnos, Ps. Spl. 57, 9. v. sticel.
stic-fód[d]er a case for pegs (? v. sticca, I), a case for spoons (? v. sticca, II), a case made of twigs (? cf. stic-tǽnel):--Man sceal habban . . . seahfæt, sticfódder, piperhorn, Anglia ix. 264, 19.
stician; p. ode. I. trans. To stick, stab, pierce, prick :-- Oxa spæc and cwæð: 'Tó hwon sticast ðú mé,' Shrn. 30, 12. Mé on fæðme sticaþ hygegálan hond, Exon. Th. 394, 1; Rä. 13, 11. Hé(the wounded elephant) ða óþre elpendas sticade, Ors. 4, 1; Swt. 156, 13. Gé hyne (Christ) myd spere sticodon, Nicod. 13; Thw. 6, 35. Sticedon, Cd. Th. 297, 1; Sat. 510. Stycodon, Shrn. 147, 36. Hí ne mihte þorn stician, 66, 17. Stycigende stimulosa, Scint. 104, 6. I a. to kill (to stick is still used of killing pigs. Cf. sticung, II):--Wé oþþe sticode beóþ oþþe on sǽ ádruncene aut jugulamur aut mergimur, Bd. 1, 13; S. 482, 1. Monige fanggene wǽron and heápmǽlum sticode nonnulli comprehensi acervatim jugulabantur, 1, 15; S. 484, 5. I b. to thrust out (cf. stingan):--Sticode him mon ða eágan út efossis oculis, Ors. 4, 5; Swt. 168, 4. I c. intrans. :-- Ðæt mé ongeán sticaþ, Exon. Th. 497, 20; Rä. 87, 3. II. intrans. (1) To stick, remain fixed :-- Ðæs spácan sticaþ óþer ende on ðære felge, óþer on ðære nafe, Bt. 39, 7; Fox 222, 7. Lǽt ða ságlas stician ðǽron . . . Ða ságlas sticiaþ eallne weg inn on ðám hringum . . . Simle ða ofergyldan ságlas sceolden stician on ðǽm gyldnum hringum, Past. 22; Swt. 171, 1-22. Mé on hreðre heáfod sticade, Exon. Th. 479, 10; Rä. 62, 5. On ðære róde sticodon mænige arewan, Chr. 1083; Erl. 217, 21. Sting ðín seax on ða wyrte, lǽt stician ðǽron, Lchdm. ii. 346, 12, 20: Jud. 3, 22. (2) fig. to be involved, be prevented from free action, lie encumbered :-- On hú ðióstrum hora seáþe þara unþeáwa ða yfelwillendan sticiaþ quanto in coeno probra volvantur, 37, 2; Fox 188, 2. Sticiaþ gehýdde beorhte cræftas latet obscuris condita virtus clara tenebris, 4; Fox 8, 15. Ðæt ða synfullan sáwla sticien helle tómiddes, Salm. Kmbl. 344; Sal. 171. (3) to be inherent :-- Seó godcundnys ðe on ðam men sticode, Homl. Th. ii. 386, 19. (4) to be in possession of (of demoniacal possession), to lurk :-- Deófol ðé sticaþ on daemonium habes, Jn. Skt. 7, 20. 'Ðonne gesihst ðú hwæt ðǽron sticaþ' . . . Ðǽr gewende út of ðam fæte án næddre, Homl. Th. ii. 170, 19. Wé bebeódaþ ðám deóflum ðe on ðisum anlícnyssum sticiaþ, ðæt hí út faron, 496, 8. Se apostol cwæð tó ðam áwyrgedan gáste ðe hire on sticode, i. 464, 22. Ða deóflu ðe on ðám anlícnyssum sticodon, ii. 482, 8. III. of direction, to run, lie (cf. sceótan):--Út æt ðæs croftes heáfod ðæt sticaþ on ðære lace, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 37, 24. Andlang weges ðæt hit sticaþ on norðeweardum cynges steorte. . . andlang weges ðæt hit sticaþ æt wíchám, 48, 8-11. Ðonne swá forð ðæt hit sticaþ on miclancumb; and of miclancumbe ðæt hit sticaþ on litlancumb, 405, 30. Ðonne tó ðam wuduwege ðæt hit sticaþ innan Nodre; ðonne andlang Noddre ðæt hit sticaþ on Eatstánes landscare; ðæt hit sticaþ up tó herpoðe, 446, 8-11. Wið súðan ða méde ðæt it sticaþ tóemnes ðam wiðigðyfelum, v. 194, 32. [M. H. Ger. Ger. stecken to remain fixed. Cf. O. Sax. stekan; p. stak to pierce, stab: O. Frs. steka: O. H. Ger. stehhan; p. stah pungere.] v. of-, tó-, þurh-stician.
sticol; adj. I. lofty, reaching to a great height, of a mountain:--'Ic wille standan on ðisum steápum munte'. . . Moyses ðá ástáh tó ðam sticolan munte, Homl. Skt. i. 13, 9-12. Wæs án myrige dún . . . ful sméðe . . . se streám arn of ðære sticolan dúne, 19, 108-115. Hét hí ástígan tó ánre sticolre dúne, 3, 235. II. lofty, placed high, situated at a great height :-- Wé biddaþ ðæt ðú ástíge tó ðam sticelan scylfe, Homl. Th. ii. 300, 1. Martinus ástáh on ðam sticelan hrófe, 510, 7. Eraclius ástáh tó ðære sticolan upflóra, Homl. Skt. ii. 27, 67. Ástáh heofonan sticole conscendit caelos arduos, Hymn. Surt. 89, 8. III. rough, rugged, difficult, steep (Halliwell gives stickle as a Devonshire word = steep):--Sticol asper, Wülck. Gl. 256, 32. Se weig is swíðe nearu and sticol, se ðe lǽt tó heofonan ríce . . . Ðonne máge wé ðurh Godes fultum ástígan ðone sticolan weg, ðe ús gelǽt tó ðam écan lífe, Homl. Th. i. 162, 23-35. Se weg is rúm and forðheald, ðe tó deáðe lǽt; se is neara and sticol, ðe tó lífe lǽt, R. Ben. 5, 21: Shrn. 12, 19. On wyrmes líc sticoles (rough, scaly), Salm. Kmbl. 307; Sal. 153. Be westan róde óð sticelan stíg, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 406, 29. Sticule scylpas scabri murices, Germ. 399, 446. III a. difficult, arduous :-- Sticol arduam (rem), R. Ben. Interl. 16, 1. [O. L. Ger. stecul confragosus, fragosus, preruptus: O. H. Ger. stechal arduus, asper, fragosus, praeceps, praeruptus, abruptus.]
stic-tǽnel a wicker basket :-- Sticténel fiscillus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 108, 55. Stictǽnel fiscilus, 35, 37.
sticung, e; f. I. a pricking, piercing :-- Hié (the elephants) fóran wédende ǽgðer ge for ðæs flexes bryne ge for ðara nægla sticunge, Ors. 4, 1; Swt. 158, 8. II. sticking (pigs), killing; cf. stician, I a:--On manegum stent ðæt se gafolswán sylle ǽlce geáre .xv. swýn tó sticunge . . . Gýme eác swán ðæt hé æfter sticunge his slyhtswýn wel behweorfe, L. R. S. 6; Th. i. 436, 12-16.
stic-wyrt, e; f. Stitch-wort; stellaria holostea; but the word glosses agrimonia, Wrt. Voc. i. 32, 2.
stiell, stiém, stiép, stiéra, stiéran, stiérness, stiernlíce. v. still, steám, stíþ, steóra, steóran, steórness, stirnlíce.
stíf; adj. Stiff, unbending, rigid :-- Stífne rigentem, Germ. 394, 272. [He ches stiue here to shurte, O. E. Homl. ii. 139, 16. He (the dead man) biþ sone stif, Fragm. Phlps. 5, 45. Stif he wes on þonke, Laym. 2110. Sa strang and stijf in fight, C. M. 18140. Þat plaid (plea) was stif and starc and strong, O. and N. 5. Du. stijf: M. H. Ger. stíf: Ger. steif: Dan. stiv: Swed. styf.] v. stífian.
stífian; p. ode To be or to become stiff :-- Ic stífige rigeo, Ælfc. Gr. 26, 2; Zup. 154, 15. Ic stífie obrigesco, Wrt. Voc. i. 22, 32. Stífodan rigebant, durescebant, Hpt. Gl. 483, 68. v. á-stýfian.
stíg, e; f. A path (lit. and fig.), footpath, (narrow) way :-- Orweg stíg (given already as a compound, orweg-stíg, but orweg should be taken as adjective) devia callis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 139, 57. Horweg stíg, 25, 25. Horuaeg stiig, Txts. 56, 340. Strǽt wæs stánfáh, stíg wísode gumum ætgædere, Beo. Th. 646; B. 320: 4433; B. 2213: Andr. Kmbl. 1970; An. 987. Eástewearde andlang weges on hemléclége; eástewearde andlang stíge on Ulfan treów, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 437, 4. Of Heortwyllan on ða ealdan stíge; ðæt andlang stíge, 438, 34. Leóht stíge mínre lumen semitis meis, Ps. Th. 118, 105. Stíge calce (calle?), Wrt. Voc. ii. 15, 66: 95, 74. Gebígdre stíge flexo tramite, 149, 46: Hpt. Gl. 493, 18. Fram stíge tramite, via, 486, 68. Tó rihtre stíge geteón ad rectum tramitem revocare, Bd. 5, 9; S. 623, 13: 1, 12; S. 481, 8. Ðú ná forfleó [weg] hǽle se ðe nis búton mid stíge tó onginnenne non refugias viam salutis que non est nisi angusto initio incipienda, R. Ben. Interl. 6, 8. Be westan róde óó sticelan stíg; ðonne be ðære stíge óð ða ealdan díc, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 406, 29. Of ðam stáne tó ðære grénan stíge, 38, 23. Ðýlæs ða gongen on suá frécne stíge ða ðe ne mágon uncwaciende gestondan on emnum felda ne, qui in planis stantes titubant, in praecipiti pedem ponant, Past. 4, 2; Swt. 41, 7. Geseoh nú seolfes swæðe, swá ðín swát ágeát, blódige stíge, Andr. Kmbl. 2883; An. 1444. Stíga ðíne semitae tuae, Ps. Spl. 76, 19. Stíge (semitas) ðíne lǽr mé, Ps. Surt. 24, 4. Gif se níðsceaþa nearwe stíge mé on swaþe séceþ if the foe seek narrow paths in my track, Exon. Th. 397, 24; Rä. 16, 24. Steáp stánhliðo, stíge nearwe, enge ánpaðas, Beo. Th. 2823; B. 1409. [We sculde makien his sti&yogh;es, O. E. Homl. i. 7, 1. He sende bi sti&yogh;en (weies, 2nd MS.) and by straten, Laym. 16366. Þiss Lamb iss þatt rihhte stih, Orm. 12916. Rihhteþþ Drihhtiness narrwe sti&yogh;hess, 9202. Sty, by pathe semita, callis, Prompt. Parv. 475. v. in Halliwell's Dict. stie, and cf. Stye-head, the pass from Borrowdale to Wastdale. O. H. Ger. stíga semita, trames, callis: Icel. stígr; m. a path, footway. Cf. Goth. staiga a path.] v. medu-, mylen-stíg; stíga.
stig (?), es; n. A wooden enclosure, a sty; but also part of a house, a hall (?) cf. stig-weard:--Gif cniht binnan stig sitte if a servant sit within the hall (?), Chart. Th. 612, 32. Stigo vistrina (suestrina? the word occurs at the head of a list 'de suibus'), Wrt. Voc. i. 286, 41. Stigu auriola (oriola? oriolum porticus, atrium, Migne), Txts. 38, 45. Cf. (?) forestige vestibulum, introitum, Hpt. Gl. 514, 59. Ondlong herpoðes on burghardes ánstigo; ðonne forð tó báres ánstigon, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. ii. 172, 18. [Ase swin ipund ine sti, A. R. 128, 1. Stye ara, Wrt. Voc. i. 178, 14. Sty, swynys howus ara, porcarium, Prompt. Parv. 475. Þenk on helle stynkyng stye, H. R. 215, 3. Cf. O. H. Ger. stíga; f. cancelli, ara, ovile: Ger. steige; f. hen-coop: Icel. stía; f. a kennel; svína-stí pig-sty: Dan. stí enclosure for swine, sheep, hens, etc.: Swed. stia; f. sty for pigs, geese, etc.] v. stigian.
stíga (?), an; m.: stíge (?), an; f. A path :-- Faestin vel ánstígan, festin (-s, MS.) vel ánstíga termofilas, Txts. 104, 1042. v. stíg.
stígan; p. stáh, pl. stigon; pp. stigen. I. intrans. To go (1) without implying ascent or descent:--Seó sunne stígþ on ða dǽglan wegas wid hire uprynæs. Phoebus secreto tramite currum solitos vertit ad ortus, Bt. 25; Fox 88, 26. Of stíges discedite, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 25, 41. Alle stígende (discedentes) from rehtwísnissum, Ps. Surt. 118, 118. (2) implying ascent, to go from a lower to a higher level, to ascend, mount :-- Sió sunne ofer moncyn stíhþ á upweardes, Met. 13, 69. Bryne stígeþ heáh tó heofonum, Exon. Th. 233, 6; Ph. 520. Hálge gǽstas stígaþ tó wuldre, 234, 19; Ph. 542. Récas stígaþ ofer hrófum, 381, 5; Rä. 2, 6: Ps. Th. 73, 22. Stigon ða þornas ascenderunt spinae, Mk. Skt. 4, 7. Sǽs up stigon ofer stæðweallas, Cd. Th. 83, 6; Gen. 1375. Ic wilnige ðæt ðeós sprǽc stigge on ðæt ingeðonc ðæs leorneres suǽ suǽ on sume hlǽdre, Past. proem.; Swt. 23, 16. Ǽrðon up stige áncenned sunu, Exon. Th. 29, 17; Cri. 464. Sweart racu stígan onginneþ, Cd. Th. 82, 1; Gen. 1355. Geségon hí on heáhþu hláford stígan, Exon. Th. 31, 20; Cri. 498: Shrn. 50, 15. Ðæt scip wile hwílum stigan ongeán ðone streám (contra ictum fluminis conscendere), Past. 58, 7; Swt. 445, 10. Gé geseóþ Godes englas up stígende (ascendentes), Jn. Skt. 1, 51. (2 a) of getting into a vessel, etc., climbing a tree, etc.:--Hé stáh up on án treów ascendit in arborem, Lk. Skt. 19, 4. Ðá stáh hé on scip ascendit navem, Bd. 5, 9; S. 623, 27. Beornas on stefn stigon, Beo. Th. 429; B. 212, In ceól stigon, Andr. Kmbl. 697; An. 349. Ðá gé on holm stigon, 858; An. 429. Leóde on wang stigon they landed, Beo. Th. 456; B. 225. Ǽr hé on bed stige, 1357; B. 676. Stígan on wægn, Exon. Th. 404, 16; Rä. 23, 8. Hét hé ǽnne mon stígan on ðone mæst (adscendere in arborem navis), Ors. 4, 10; Swt. 202, 2. (3) Where the movement is downwards, to descend :-- Ne stíhþ hé nyðer ne descendat, Lk. Skt. 17, 31. Ða stígaþ on helle in infernunt descenderent, Past. 55, 2; Swt. 429, 26. Ðá stáh and com smylte reng, Bd. 4, 13; S. 582, 34. Hié on sund stigon they went down into the bed of the Red Sea, Cd. Th. 198, 8; Exod. 319. Stíh ádún descend, Homl. Th. i. 580, 33. Ne stíge hé on his hús non descendat in domum, Mk. Skt. 13, 15. Ðæt engel ufan of roderum stígan cwóme, Cd. Th. 248, 8; Dan. 510. Niþer stígende, of dúne stígende descendentem, Mt. Kmbl. 3, 16 : Jn. Skt. l, 51. II. trans. To ascend, mount :-- Heáhlond stigon sibgemágas, Cd. Th. 202, 9; Exod. 385. Stealc hliþo stígan, Exon. Th. 498, 18; Rä. 88, 3. [The verb remained long in English and is used by Spenser : 'Ambition, rash desire to sty,' F. Q. ii. 7, 46. Goth. steigan : O. Sax. O. L. Ger. O. H. Ger. stígan : Du. stijgen : Ger. steigen : O. Frs. stíga : Icel. stíga : Dan. stige : Swed. stiga.] v. á-, fore-, ge-, ofer-stígan.
stige, es; m. A going up or down :-- Drihtnes stige on heofonas up, Menol. Fox 129; Men. 64. v. niþer-, up-stige.
stigel, e; f. A stile, set of steps for getting over a fence :-- Fram ðam wón stocce tó cinta stiogole; ðanne fram cinta stiogole tó earnes beáme, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. ii. 73, 24. Stigole, iii. 227, 19. Stigele, 236, 25 : v. 40, 6, 7, 10 : 148, 1. Tó ðære stigelæ tó ðæs bisceopæs mearcæ, 84, 13, 16. Of ðam seáðe in ða ealdan stihle; of ðære stihle, iii. 386, 17-18. The word occurs also in compounds :--Ðanon on ðone bóchagan wið ðere bócstigele, v. 70, 27. [Ryght as they wolde han troden ouer a style, Chauc. Pard. T. 712. Style, where men gon over scansillum, scansile, Prompt. Parv. 475, col. 2. O. H. Ger. stiglia a postern; posticium.]
stigel-hamm, es; m. An enclosure reached by a stile (?) :--On stigelhammas; of stigealhammum on wígferðes leáge, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 289, 2.
stígend, es; m. A sty, a small tumour on the edge of the eyelid :-- Stígend ordeolus (=hordeolus), Wrt. Voc. i. 20, 11. [Cf. Norweg. stig, sti, stigje.]
stígend, stígendlíc, stigenness. v. á-, on-stígend, ofer-stígendlíc, ofer-, upá-stigenness.
stig-fearh a young pig to keep in a sty :-- Ǽhteswáne gebyreþ stífearh, L. R. S. 7; Th. i. 436, 22.
stigian to shut up in a sty or pen :-- Oððe ic stigie, nyttes bicge, Salm. Kmbl. 402; Sal. 202. Swýn stigian, Anglia ix. 262, 2. [Icel. stía to pen sheep.] v. stig.
stígness, e; f. A going down, a descent :-- Tó stígnisso ad descensum, Lk. Skt. Lind. 19, 37.
stig-ráp, es; m. A stirrup :-- Stigráp scansile, Wrt. Voc. i. 84, 1. Stíráp, 23, 17. (In each case the word occurs in a list of words connected with riding.) Stírápas scansilia, 41, 34. [O. H. Ger. stega-reif : Ger. steg-reif : Icel. stig-reip.]
stigul, Wrt. Voc. i. 26, 45, read ságul.
stig-weard, es; m. I. a steward (v. stig), one who has the superintendence of household affairs; especially matters connected with the table. [The word, which is found generally with the form stí-ward and in late documents, occurs in Eadred's will, and in a connection which seems to shew the relative importance of the officer denoted by it. The king leaves to the archbishop 240 mancuses, to bishops and aldermen 120, to every discðegn, hræglðegn, and biriele 80, to every stigweard 30 : Ðænne an ic ǽlcan gesettan stigweard þritig mancusa goldes, Cod. Dip. B. iii. 75, 34.] :--Stíward economus, Wrt. Voc. i. 28, 13. Stíweard discoforus, discifer, ii. 140, 74. Ðat lond ðat Godríc míne stíward haueþ. . . Ælfwý mín stíward . . . Ælfnóð mín stíward, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iv. 268, 28-31. Se wæs ðæs eorles stíward, Chr. 1093; Erl. 229, 6 : 1096; Erl. 233, 6. Se ðe má manne in lǽde ðonne hé sceole búton ðæs stíwerdes leáfe and ðæra feormera, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iv. 278, 20. Mína cnihtas ða mína stíwardas witan, 59, 1. II. fig. a steward, guardian :-- Mé þincþ betere ðæt ic forléte ða gyfe and folgyge ðam gyfan ðe mé égðer ys stíward ge ðas welan ge eác hys freónscypes, Shrn. 176, 20. [Numbert, kinges stiward (he is called aldermon, l. 1420), Laym. 1451. Luue is heouene stiward, uor hire muchele ureoschipe, uor heo ne ethalt no þing, auh heo giueð al þet heo haueð, A. R. 386, 26. He (the king) called Aþelbrus, þat was stiward of his hus, Havel. 666. Putifar ðe kinges stiward, Gen. and Ex. 1991. Icel. stí-varðr (from English).] v. next word.
stig-wita, an; m. An officer of a household (v. stig) :--Ða ðe Sodoma and Gomorra golde berófan bestrudon stigwitum those who robbed Sodom and Gomorrah of gold, despoiled their houses of officers, Cd. Th. 125, 14; Gen. 2079. Weallas beofiaþ ofer stíwiturn the walls tremble above the household, Exon. Th. 383, 13; Rä. 4, 10. v. preceding word.
stihtan; p. te. I. to dispose, arrange, regulate, direct, rule :-- Ic stihte (disposui) gekýþnysse mínum gecorenum, Ps. Lamb. 88, 4. Stapas on his heortan hé stihte ascensiones in corde suo disposuit, 83, 6. On ðam án and twentigan geáre ðæs ðe Willelm weólde and stihte Engleland, Chr. 1086; Erl. 219, 27. II. to instigate, incite :-- Stihte hí Byrhtnóð, bæd ðæt hyssa gehwylc hogode tó wíge, Byrht. Th. 135, 34; By. 127. Ic heó tó þeófendum and tó geflitum stihte, Wulfst. 255, 12. [Du. stichten : O. H. Ger. stiften componere, concinnare : Icel. stétta to found, establish.] v. á-, fore-, ge-stihtan; stihtian.
stihtend, es; m. A disposer, ruler :-- Þýstra stihtend (the devil), Exon. Th. 267, 23; Jul. 419. v. next word.
stihtere, es; m. A disposer, director :-- Ðæt hié geornlíce geðencen mid hú micelre giefe ofer him wacaþ se Scippend and se stihtere ealra gesceafta ðonne hé hí nyle lǽtan tó hiera ágnum wilnungum ut sollicita consideratione perpendant, Creator dispositorque cunctorum quanta super eos gratia vigilat, quos in sua desideria non relaxat, Past. 50, 4; Swt. 391, 22.
stihtian; p. ode To dispose, arrange, order, ordain, rule :-- Stihtaþ word his in dóme disponet sermones suos in judicio, Ps. Surt. 111, 5. Suíðe ryhte stihtaþ ðone anwald se ðe geornlíce conn ongietan ðæt hé of him gadrige ðæt him stælwierðe sié potentiam bene regit, qui tenere illam noverit, Past. 17, 5; Swt. 115, 2. Hé ealle gesceafta þurh his godcunde meht and þurh his écean snyttro æfter his willan receþ and stihtaþ, Blickl. Homl. 121, 16. Settaþ ða tó dómerum, ðæt hié stihtien ymb ða eorðlican ðing (ut dispensationibus terrenis inserviant), Past. 18, 2; Swt. 131, 8. Ðý upplícan dóme stihtigende superno dispensante judicio, Bd. 4, 3; S. 567, 7. v. fore-, ge-stihtian; stihtan.
stihtung, e; f. A disposition, arrangement, dispensation :-- Wæs ðæt wunderlíco stihtungc ðære godcundan foreseónesse mira divinae dispensatio provisionis erat, Bd. 5, 22; S. 644, 36. Hit wæs sweotole gesiéne, ðæt hit wæs Godes stihtung, Ors. 6, 1; Swt. 252, 29. Eal seó stihtung wæs gefremed on ðære sóþan onflǽscnesse for gefyllnesse ðæs heofonlícan éþles, Blickl. Homl. 81, 28. Wæs ðæs deóplíc eall word and wísdóm and ðæs weres stihtung, Exon. Th. 169, 34; Gú. 1104. Mid wunderlícre stihtunge (dispensatione) ðære godcundan árfæstnesse, Bd. 5, 22; S. 644, 11 : 4, 29; S. 607, 42 : Guthl. 2; Gdwin. 10, 20. Þurh godcunde stihtunge ðære écan eádignysse him wǽre seó gifu forestihtod, 1; Gdwin. 10, 11 : Bd. 5, 13; S. 633, 26. v. á-, fore-, ge-stihtung.
stílan; p. de; pp. ed To steel, temper, harden :-- Sum mæg stýled sweord, wǽpen gewyrcan, Exon. Th. 42, 28; Cri. 679. [Þat istelet (istelede, Bodl. MS.) irn tolimede hire, Jul. 58, 8. Icel. stæla to steel, temper; sverð stælt með eitri a sword tempered with poison; cf. eitri herðr : Germ. stählen.]
stíle, es; n. Steel :-- Stéli, steeli, stél accearium, Txts. 37, 55. Staeli ocearium, 81, 1431. Stete acerra (? stéle acearium), Wrt. Voc. ii. 95, 56. Stýle accearium, 4, 29 : 63, 34. Þeáh mec heard bíte stíðecg stýle, Exon. Th. 499, 11; Rä. 88, 14. Flinte ic eom heardra, ðe ðis fýr drífeþ of ðissum strongan stýle heardan, 426, 26; Rä. 41, 79. Stýle gelícost. Beo. Th. 1975; B. 985. Heó oferbídeþ stánas, heó oferstígeþ stýle, Salm. Kmbl. 600; Sal. 299. [Laym. A. R. stel : O. H. Ger. stahal : Icel. stál.]
stíl-ecg; adj. Steel-edged :-- Stíð and stýlecg (a sword), Beo. Th. 3070; B. 1533.
stílen; adj. Of steel, hard as steel :-- Ðære stýlenan helle, Salm. Kmbl. 978; Sal. 490. Ne mihte ic of ðære heortan heardne áðringan stýlenne stán, 1009; Sal. 506. [Wæs þe stelene brond swiðe brad and swiðe long, Laym. 7634. The stilen swerde, Parten. 256. O. Frs. stélen : O. H. Ger. stélin ex calibe.]
still, stiell, es; m. A leap, spring :-- Cyning engla munt gestylleþ, gehleápeþ hyllas . . . woruld álýseþ þurh þone æþelan styll. Wæs se forma hlýp . . . wæs se óðer stiell . . . se þridda hlýp . . . se feórða stiell, Exon. Th. 45, 7-33; Cri. 715-728. v. stellan to leap.
stillan to stall [:--Hrýðer anstyllan, swín stigian, Anglia ix. 262, 1].
stillan; p. de. I. to become still or calm :-- Ðá stylde se storm sóna, and seó sǽ wearð eft smylte, Shrn. 147, 9. Se æðeling hét streámfare stillan, stormas restan, Andr. Kmbl. 3150; An. 1578 : Salm. Kmbl. 796; Sal. 397. II. to make still or calm, to still, pacify, appease, assuage (with dat. or acc. ) :--Ðæt stilþ ðam sáre, Lchdm. ii. 60, 5. Ðæt swéte word gemanigfealdaþ mannes freóndscipe and stilleþ mannes feónd, Salm. Kmbl. p. 206, 2 : Salm. Kmbl. 268; Sal. 133. Cyning (Christ) ýðum stilde, wæteres wælmum, Andr. Kmbl. 902; An. 451. Ðæt se ðám ómum stille, Lchdm. ii. 182, 6. Beóþ ða elcran tó stillanne, 178, 14. [O. Sax. stillón to become quiet; stillian to make quiet : O. H. Ger. stillén stupere, silere : stillen compescere, mitigare, mederi : Icel. stilla to still, calm, soothe, moderate.] v. æt-, ge-, un-stillan; stillian.
stille; adj. Still, quiet. I. in a physical sense, (1) of motion, (a) without motion, at rest, not moving from a place, not disturbed :-- Seó sunne stód stille ánes dæges lencge, Lchdm. iii. 262, 8. Swá hé stille stande, ðǽr hine storm ne mæg áwecgan, Andr. Kmbl. 1003; An. 502. Stille on wícum siteþ, Exon. Th. 390, 26; Rä. 9, 7. Stille þynceþ lyft, 383, 14; Rä. 4, 10 : 387, 5; Rä. 4, 74. Se monlíca (the pillar of salt) stille wunode. Cd. Th. 155, 3; Gen. 2567. Wundum stille motionless from wounds, Beo. Th. 5653; B. 2830. Stánas sint stilre gecynde and heardre, Bt. 34, 11; Fox 150, 24. Seó sǽ ne mót heore mearce gebrǽdan ofer ða stillan eorþan, 21; Fox 74, 28. Twegen steorran standaþ stille, Lchdm. iii. 270, 17. Wit be ðisse strǽte stille þencaþ bídan, Cd. Th. 147, 9; Gen. 2436. Hí nýdde se tówarda winter ðæt hí stille wunodon swá hwǽr swá hí mihton coegerat eos imminens hiems ut ubicumque potuissent quieti manerent, Bd. 4, 1; S. 564, 39. Ðý læs fyrhtu stille (quietos) áwecce, Ps. Surt. ii. p. 202, 19. His wyrtruman wesan stille on staðole, Cd. Th. 251, 9; Dan. 561. And fig. :-- Gif hé ne wolde lǽtan wræce stille, Exon. Th. 114, 10; Gú. 170. (b) moving little or gently :-- Se man sceal swíþe stille beón the patient must move about as little as possible, Lchdm. ii. 148, 25. Oft stille wæter staðo brecaþ (cf. still waters run deep), Prov. Kmbl. 63. (c) not easily moved (?), that will not run freely (?) :--Wǽte þicce and stille, Lchdm. ii. 138, 13. (2) of sound, (a) silent :-- Ðeáh ðú stille sý and unrót though thou be silent and sad, Ap. Th. 15, 17. Se fæder hit gemǽnde stille pater rem tacitus considerabat, Gen. 37, 11. Hé hét ða Saducéiscan stylle beón silentium inposuisset Sadducaeis, Mt. Kmbl. 22, 34. And fig. :-- Mid heortan stilre corde tacito, Hymn. Surt. 132, 30. Wén is ðæt eówer sum cweðe tó him sylfum on stillum geðohtum . . ., Homl. Th. i. 580, 5. (b) not loud :-- Mid stylre stemne, Homl. Th. ii. 410, 20. II. quiet, unchanging, undisturbed, stable :-- Ðú ðe unstilla ágna gesceafta tó ðínum willan wíslíce ástyrest and ðé self wunast swíðe stille unáwendendlíc á forð simle stabilis manens das cuncta moveri, Met. 20, 16. III. quiet, not vehement, gentle :-- Heó wæs on eallum þingum eáðmód and stille, Lchdm. iii. 430, 3. Ne ástyrige gé ðone stillan Drihten tó ǽnigre yrsunge, Homl. Th. i. 592, 3. Tó hwæm lócige ic búton tó ðǽm eáðmódum and tó ðǽm stillum ad quem respiciam, nisi ad humilem et quietum ? Past. 41, 1; Swt. 299, 20. IV. abstaining from, quit of. v. stillness, IV :--Sió hé stille his þegnungæ óð biscopes dóm, L. Wih. 6; Th. i. 38, 11. [O. Frs. stille : O. Sax. stilli : O. H. Ger. stilli quietus, tranquillus, serenus, immobilis, mitis, placidus.] v. un-stille.
stillian. v. un-stillian; stillan.
stillness, e; f. Stillness, quiet; quies, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 27; Zup. 53, 9. I. in a physical sense, absence of noise or disturbance :-- On ðisse tíde nihtlícre stillnesse tempore isto nocturno quietis, Bd. 4, 25; S. 601, 1. Windum stilnesse bebeódan, Blickl. Homl. 177, 17. Ðonne (in church) lǽrþ ús Godes engel stilnesse and gemetlíce sprǽce . . . lǽrþ ús se deófol unstilnesse and ungemetlíce hleahtras and unnytte sprǽce, Wulfst. 233, 13-18. II. quiet, silence :-- Stilnysse taciturnitatis, Hpt. Gl. 455, 54. Swígan ɫ stilnysse taciturnitatem, 503, 63. Hé mid stilnesse (cum silentio) his líf geendode, Bd. 4, 24; S. 599, 7. III. absence of disturbance or molestation, tranquillity, peace, security :-- Stilnys securitas, requies ɫ quietudo, Hpt. Gl. 451, 43. Hé on ðære gewunelícan stilnesse Drihtne lifde solito in silentio vacare Domino coepit, Bd. 5, 9; S. 623, 31. Ðá hæfde Hannibal and Rómáne án geár stilnesse (quies a tumultu bellorum) him betweónum . . . On ðære stilnesse Scipia geeode ealle Ispanie, Ors. 4, 10; Swt. 198, 34. Ðú eart nú of ðinre stilnesse áhworfen, Bt. 7, 1; Fox 16, 24. Gif wé ða stilnesse habbaþ, Past. pref.; Swt. 7, 9. Habbaþ eów stilnysse and sibbe, Homl. Th. i. 592, 6. Ða stylnysse middaneardlícere sibbe wé áwendaþ tó ýdelre orsorhnysse, ii. 540, 7. IV. abstinence from, exemption from. v. stille, IV :--Ðá ðá hé lǽrde ðæt ðære ciricean ðegnas sceoldon stilnesse ðæra ðénunga habban (be exempt from secular services, cf. 129, 10), Past. 18; Swt. 130, 4. V. that which appeases (? cf. O. Frs. stilnese nursing : Ger. still-amme wet-nurse : Swed. stilla to give fodder to cattle; to suckle a child) :--Stilnesse, gefylnesse supplemento (supplementum viaticum, subsidium ad vitae necessaria, Migne), Wrt. Voc. ii. 77, 9. [O. H. Ger. stilnissi tranquillitas, silentium.] v. un-stillness.
stíman, stéman, stýman; p. de To emit a scent or vapour, exhale :-- Ic stéme oleo, Ælfc. Gr. 26, 1; Zup. 153, 2. Stémþ exalet, i. redolet, spiret, fetet, Wrt. Voc. ii. 144, 42 : fragrat, odorat, odorem dat, 150, 34. Willsele stýmeþ swétum swæccum, Exon. Th. 212, 21; Ph. 213. Stémde redolet, Hpt. Gl. 516, 41. Unásecgendlíc brǽð stémde of hire gyrlum, Homl. Th. i. 444, 11 : Homl. Skt. ii. 27, 110. Ne mihte nán wyrtbrǽð swá wynsumlíce stéman, 27, 113. Ðú stémenda redolens, Hymn. Surt. 47, 22. Stémendre fragrantis, odorantis, Hpt. Gl. 441, 72. Stémendes swæcces nardi pistici, 516, 38. Stémende fragrantia, 419, 52. Stémendum fumigabundis, 516, 30. Stémende olentes, odorantes, Wrt. Voc. ii. 150, 35. v. be-stéman, -stýman.
stíme (?) a name given to a plant in Lchdm. iii. 32, 19 :--Stíme hǽtte ðeós wyrt, heó on stáne geweóx. Cockayne says water-cress, in the note to the passage, but nettle in his glossary. Perhaps the alternative reading stune is the better, as it is said of the plant : stunaþ heó wærce . . . wiðstunaþ heó áttre.
stíming, e; f. Fragrance :-- Stémincge fragrantia, Hpt. Gl. 516, 40. Stémingce fragrantiam, odorem, 488, 28.
stinan (?); p. stan, pl. stánon; pp. stunen To make a loud noise [:-- Gránode vel ásten (ásténde ? v. sténan) rugiebam (Ps. 37, 9), Blickl. Gl.]. v. stunian.
stincan; p. stanc, pl. stuncon; pp. stuncen To emit a smell or vapour, exhale, (1) where the kind of smell is not marked :--Stincþ fragrat, i. odorat, i. odorem dat, Wrt. Voc. ii. 150, 34. Stanc exalavit, 29, 62. Stonc, 107, 54. Swá hý swýþost stincen give out the strongest smell, Lchdm. i. 206, 8. Ðæs stincendan fumigabundi[s], Wrt. Voc. ii. 37, 20 : 86, 40. Ðære stincendan spirantis, 75, 51. Stincende fragrans, 35, 73 : 74, 65. Stincendi, 108, 76. (2) where the smell is a pleasant one :--Ic stince swóte oleo, Ælfc. Gr. 37; Zup. 220, 13. Swecca swétast, swylce on sumeres tíd stincaþ wyrta geblówene, Exon. Th. 178, 22; Gú. 1248. Stanc redolet, Hpt. Gl. 516, 41. Se líchoma stanc swá swóte, Shrn. 143, 28 : 140, 13 : Homl. Skt. i. 4, 347. (3) where the smell is an unpleasant one :--Hé stingð (stincð, MSS. B. C.) faetet, Jn. Skt. 11, 39. Ðæt oreð stincþ and áfúlaþ ðe ǽr wæs swéte on stence, Wulfst. 148, 7. Se líchoma stincþ fúle, Lchdm. ii. 236, 14 : 220, 6. Stinceþ, Exon. Th. 424, 1; Rä. 41, 32. Ongan se cealc mid ungemete stincan; ðá wearð hé mid ðæm brǽþe ofsmorod, Ors. 6, 32; Swt. 288, 1. Him stód stincende steám of ðam múðe, Homl. Th. i. 86, 13, 10. Stingendum putenti, Hpt. Gl. 487, 64. [O. H. Ger. stinchan odorem dare, odorare, fragrare, putere.] v. ge-, tó-stincan; fúl-, swíð-, wel-stincende; swót-stencende; cf. stíman.
stincan; p. stanc, pl. stuncon To spring, leap, move rapidly :-- Dust stonc tó heofonum, deáw feól on eorþan, Exon. Th. 412, 10; Rä. 30, 12. Se wyrm stonc æfter stáne, Beo. Th. 4565; B. 2288. [Goth. stigkwan withra to proceed against : Icel. stökkva to spring, leap, take to flight.] v. stencan.
sting, es; m. I. a sting, stab, thrust made with a pointed instrument; the wound made by a stab or sting :-- Beslóh se þorn on ðone fót and swá strang wæs se sting ðæs þornes ðæt hé eode þurh ðone fót the prick of the thorn was so hard, that the thorn went through the foot, Guthl. 16; Gdwin. 68, 3. Lilla sette his líchoman beforan ðam stynge (ante ictum pungentis), Bd. 2, 9; S. 511, 24. Wið scorpiones stincg, Lchdm. i. 168, 3 : 248, 21. Wið scorpiones stincg, genim ðás ylcan wyrte . . . lege tó ðam stinge (cf. lege tó ðære wunde, 168, 7), 272, 22-24. II. v. in-, on-sting; stingan, Ia.
stingan; p. stang, pl, stungon; pp, stungen, I. to thrust something into :--Sting ðín seax on ða wyrte. Lchdm. ii. 346, 12. Stingaþ stranglíc sár on his eágan, Wulfst. 141, 4. Nim án feðere, and stynge on hys múðe, Lchdm. iii. 130, 17. Wæs on slǽpe ætýwed ðæt hyre man stunge áne sýle on ðone bósum, Shrn. 149, 1. Crist hét stingan sweord in scǽðe, Charter quoted by Lye. Ia. fig. to thrust one's self into the affairs of another, to exercise authority. v. in-, on-sting :--Ná stinge nán mann on ðæt land, búton se hýred æt Xp̃es UNCERTAIN cyrcean. Chart. Th. 578, 6. Ic habbe ðæt geleornod, ðæt nán lǽwede man náh mid rihte tó stingan hine on ánre cirican, ná an án ðara ðinga ðe tó cyrcan belimpþ. And for ðí wé forbeódaþ eallan lǽwedan mannum ǽure ǽnne hláuordscipe ouer cyrcan, Cod. Dip. B. i. 137, 24. (Cf. Icel. Þú hefir mjök stungizk til þessa máls thou hast meddled much with this case.) II. to prick with something, to sting, stab, pierce :-- Swá swá seó beó sceal losian, ðonne heó hwæt yrringa stingþ, Bt. 31, 2; Fox 112, 26. Stingeþ, Met. 18, 7. [Wyrm] stingeþ niéten, Salm. Kmbl. 308; Sal. 153. Hé mid gáre stang wlancne wícing, Byrht. Th. 135, 55; By. 138. Stincge transfigat, Anglia xiii. 37, 276. Gif þorn stinge man on fót, Lchdm. ii. 336, 20. Gif hine beón stingen, iii. 168, 13. Se lǽce his seax hwæt, ǽrðonðe hé stingan wille, Past. 26; Swt. 187, 6. Se cásere hine hét stingan mid írenum gyrdum, Shrn. 115, 24. Stingaþ hyne mid sáre on his eágan, L. E. I. prm.; Th. ii. 398, 19. [Goth. us-stiggan to thrust out : Icel. stinga to sting, stick, stab.] v. á-, be-, ge-, of-, on-, tó-, þurh-, under-stingan.
stintan, stióp, stiór, stiorc. v. styntan, steóp, steór, stirc.
stíp, stiép, es; m. Deprivation (?), overthrow (?) :--Hé his torn gewræc on gesacum swíðe strengum stiépe, Cd. Th. 4, 27; Gen. 60. The passage refers to the expulsion of the angels from heaven. Cf. steóp-, á-stépness orbitatio, á-stýpan in Wulfst. 252, 11 : Wé wǽron ástýpede (bedǽled, MS. D. : ástýpte, Blickl. Homl. 107, 4) ðæs heofenlícan ríces. Grein suggests overthrow (cf. Milton's 'the dire event, That with sad overthrow and foul defeat Hath lost us Heaven'), fall as the meaning, and compares with Icel. steypa to cast down, overthrow; steyping an overthrow, Cf. also Norweg. stup a precipice, and see stúpian.
stípan to deprive. [O. H. Ger. stiufen orbare.] v. á-stípan; steóp-.
stípan; p. te. I. to raise, build high, erect :-- Tó heofonum up hlǽdræ rǽrdon, strengum stépton stǽnenne weall ofer monna gemet, Cd. Th. 101, 2; Gen. 1676. II. fig. to exalt, elevate, dignify, ennoble :-- Ic ðé on tída gehwone duguðum stépe, Cd. Th. 139, 7; Gen. 2306. Hé him fremum stépeþ, Exon. Th. 434, 10; Rä. 51, 8. Ðeáh ðe hine mihtig God mægenes wynnum stépte ofer ealle men, Beo. Th. 3438; B. 1717. Se feónd (Nero) his diórlingas duguþum stépte (cf. hé weorþode his deorlingas mid miclum welum, Bt. 28; Fox 100, 29) dabat improbus verendis patribus indecores curules, Met. 15, 8. Sinces brytta (the king of Egypt) héht Abrahame duguðum stépan, Cd. Th. 111, 21; Gen. 1859 : 142, 21; Gen. 2365. v. ge-, on-stépan; stípere, steáp.
stípel, es; m. A tower :-- Stýpel turris, Wrt. Voc. i. 36, 39 : 83, 32 : Lk. Skt. 13, 4. Ðú ðencst to gewyrcenne wundorlícne stýpel and swíðe heálícne; hoga ymbe ða gástlícan gestreón tó ðæs stýpeles getimbrunge . . . Ne biþ ðes stýpol getimbrod mid ǽnigum weorcstáne, Basil admn. 2; Norm. 38, 6-14. Stépel stræncðe turris fortitudinis, Ps. Lamb. 60, 4. Stépeles turris, Hpt. Gl. 499, 60. Hine man byrigde æt ðam westende ðam stýple (stýpele, MS. D.) fut gehende he was buried at the west end (of the minster at Ely) quite close to the tower, Chr. 1036; Erl. 165, 38. Ðæt hé gesáwe ða burh and ðone stípel (the tower of Babel), Gen. 11, 5. Stýpel, Homl. Th. i. 22, 19 : ii. 472, 25. Timbrian ánne stýpel turrem aedificare, Lk. Skt. 14, 28. Hé worhte of seolfre ǽnne heáhne stýpel and mid scínendum gymmum besette eall ðæt hús, and on ðære upflóra his cynestól geworhte, Homl. Skt. ii. 27, 29. On stýpelum in turribus, Ps. Spl. 47, 11 : 121, 7. [Hí clumben upp tó þe stépel, Chr. 1070; Erl. 209, 9. Þá com se fír on ufenweard þone stépel, and forbearnde ealle þe minstre, 1122; Erl. 249, 6.]
stípere, es; m. A support, prop, pillar :-- Stípere destina vel postis vel fulcimen, Wrt. Voc. i. 26, 38. [Þe stipre þat is vnder þe vyne set May not bringe forþ þe grape, H. R. 135, 135. Cf. Heo wuneð under þe chirche, ase uorte understipren hire, ʒif heo wolde uallen, A. R. 142, 16. Cf. O. Frs. stípe a post.] v. stípan.
stípness, stíran, stí-ráp. v. á-stépness, steóran, stig-ráp.
stirc, stiorc, styric, es; n. A stirk, calf, a young bullock or a heifer :-- Stirc bucula, juvenca, vitula, Wrt. Voc. ii. 126, 63. Styrc juvencus, i. 78, 44. Ðæt þridde stód ánum styrce (cealfe, MS. C. : cf. ðæs celfes gelícnyss belimpþ tó Lucan, 192) gelíc. Homl. Skt. i. 15, 183. Tó féttum stiorce ad vitulum saginatum, Kent. Gl. 525. Stirc buculam, Wrt. Voc. ii. 12, 11 : 93, 12. Bringaþ án fǽtt styric adducite vitulum saginatum, Lk. Skt. 15, 23. [Styrk boviculus, Wrt. Voc. i. 204, 5. Styrk, neet, or heifer juvenca, Prompt. Parv. 476. Ger. stárke, sterke a young cow that has not calved : M. H. Ger. stirke, sterke.]
stirfan to kill. [O. H. Ger. ir-sterben interficere, necare.] v. á-styrfan.
stirfig; adj. Pertaining to an animal that has died :-- Gif hwá ete styrfig flǽsc si quis carnem morticinam ederit, L. Ecg. P. iv. 27; Th. ii. 212, 17. [O. H. Ger. stirbig mortalis, morticinus, moribundus.]
stiria, stirian, stirigend-líc. v. styria, styrian, styrigend-líc.
stirnan (?); p. de To be severe -- Gistmægen (the two angels with Lot) styrnde (stýrde? v. steóran) werode mid wíte, Cd. Th. 150, 22; Gen. 2495.
stirne; adj. Stern, hard, austere, rigorous, severe :-- Ic wát ðæt ðú eart swíðe styrne mann scio quia homo durus es (Mt. 25, 24), Homl. Th. ii. 552, 31. Cyning sceal beón milde ðám gódum and styrne ðám yfelum, L. I. P. 2; Th. ii. 306, 1 : Wulfst. 267, 3. [God] hæfde styrne mód, gegremed grymme, Cd. Th. 4, 28; Gen. 60. [Se cyng heafde gifen þ̄ abbotríce án Frencisce abbot . . . hé wæs swíðe styrne man, Chr. 1070; Erl. 207, 32. Laym. A. R. sturne : Orm. stirne.]
stirninga; adv. Sternly, inexorably :-- Ðæt wundor ðæt geond ðás woruld fareþ, styrnenga gǽþ, staðolas beáteþ, Salm. Kmbl. 565; Sal. 282.
stirn-líc; adj. I. hard, harsh :-- Warna ðæt ðú nán þing styrnlíces ne sprece ongén Iacob cave, ne loquaris contra Jacob quidquam durius, Gen. 31, 29. II. Hard, unpleasant, severe (of weather) :--Hwíltídum ðeós woruld is gesundful and myrige on tó wunigenne, hwílon heó is eác swíðe styrnlíc and mid mislícum þingum gemenged, swá ðæt heó biþ swíðe unwynsum on tó eardigenne, Homl. Th. i. 182, 35. Sceal áspringan here and hunger, bryne and blódgyte and styrnlíce styrunga, Wulfst. 86, 11. Seó heofone ús winþ wið, ðonne heó ús sendeþ styrnlíce stormas, 92, 17.
stirnlíce; adv. I. sternly, hardly, harshly :-- Hé him ondwyrde and him suíðe stiernlíce stiérde fregit eos responsionibus, Past. 28, 6; Swt. 197, 19. Welig spycþ styrnlíce diues affabitur rigide, Scint. 78, 18. II. inflexibly, rigorously :-- Cyning sceal eallum Godes feóndum styrnlíce wiðstandan, L. I. P. 2; Th. ii. 304, 20.
stirn-mód; adj. Stern of mind :-- Stópon styrnmóde (the Hebrews proceeding against the Assyrians), stercedferhðe, Judth. Thw. 24, 37; Jud. 227.
-stirre, -stirred, stirung. v. seofon-stirre, á-stirred (-styrred), styrung.
stíþ; adj. Stiff, hard. I. in the following glosses :--Stíþ, réþe durus, crudelis, asper, Wrt. Voc. ii. 142, 19. Stíð inmitis, Germ. 392, 33 : rigens, 393, 172. Stíðes ardui, stricti, Hpt. Gl. 416, 18 : violentis, validis ɫ turbidis, 440, 34. Stiðre torridae, 515, 46. On stíðum in arto, duro, constricto, 444, 15. II. of material, stiff, firm, (1) strong, not bending easily, unyielding :-- Hit (the sword) on eorðan læg stíð and stýlecg, Beo. Th. 3070; B. 1533., Æsc byþ stíð staðule, ðeáh him feohtan on firas monige, Runic pm. Kmbl. 344, 25; Rún. 26. Stranga tor stíð wið feóndum turris fortitudinis a facie inimici, Ps. Th. 60, 2. Mec stíþne (an anchor), Exon. Th. 398, 17; Rä. 17, 9. Stíðe and rúge breóstroccas renones, Wrt. Voc. i. 40, 24. Hine mid stíðum ságlum beátaþ, Homl. Th. i. 432, 11 : 468, 32. Mid stíðum sticelum stimulis acutis, Dóm. L. 179. Se gestaþelade stíþe grundas he fixed the firm foundations, Exon. Th. 312, 4; Seef. 104. Ðeós wyrt hafaþ lange leáf and stíþe, Lchdm. i. 288, 15. Heó hafaþ máran leáf and stíðeran, 274, 7. (2) of a thick consistency :-- Gif tó stíð sié if the mixture be too stiff, Lchdm. ii. 108, 17. Ðæt hit sý swá stíð ðæt hit wille wel clyfian, iii. 40, 13. IIa. fig. (1) in a good sense :--Mé wæs strengðu strang stíþ on Dryhtne fortitudo mea Dominus, Ps. Th. 117, 14. Standan stíðe móde to stand with unshaken soul, 147, 6. Ic ðínes earmes ásecge stíþe strencðe, 70, 17. Ðone stíðan swioran fortredan rigida colla victorum calcare, Past. 33; Swt. 228, 8. (2) in a bad sense, stiff (as in stiff-necked) :--Gé wiðstandaþ ðam Hálgan Gáste mid stíðum swuran, Homl. Th. i. 46, 23. III. of persons, hard, stern, inexorable, severe, austere :-- Ðú eart stíð man homo austerus es, Lk. Skt. 19, 21, 22. Heard ɫ stíð durus, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 25, 24 : Past. proem.; Swt. 23, 24. Hé wæs swá stíð, ðæt hé ne róhte heora eallra níð, ac hí móston ðes cynges wille folgian, gif hí woldon libban, Chr. 1086; Erl. 222, 31. Se man ðe tó ðon stíð biþ ðæt hé áðas sylþ ðæt hé tó nánre sybbe fón nelle homo qui adeo durus sit ut juramenta praestet, se nullam pacem admittere velle, L. Ecg. P. ii. 29; Th. ii. 194, 9. IV. of things that cause discomfort or require effort, e. g. weather, conflict, illness, punishment, hard, severe, unrelenting, stubborn :-- Ðæ-acute;r wæs stíð gemót, Byrht. Th. 140, 40; By. 301. Gif seó untrumnes swá stíð beó, Lchdm. i. 260, 22. Sié ðæ-acute;r eác lufu, næs ðeáh tó hnesce; sié ðæ-acute;r eác réðnes, næs ðeáh tó stíé, Past. 17; Swt. 127, 3. Hér wæs se stíþa winter, Chr. 1048; Erl. 171, 33. Beóþ ymbgyrde stranglíce tó ðysum stíðan gewinne, Homl. Skt. ii. 25, 341. Se démþ UNCERTAIN stíðne dóm ðám réceleásum he will pass severe sentence on the careless, Homl. Th. i. 320, 18. Gelácnian myd líðum læ-acute;cedómum ðe myd stíðum to cure with gentle remedies or severe, Shrn. 189, 24. Wiþ ða stíþustan feferas, Lchdm. i. 114, 16. V. where conformity to a standard or rule is imposed, of discipline, mode of life, etc., strict, rigid, severe, austere, hard :-- Se[ó] ealde æ-acute; næs swá stíð on ðám þingum swá swá Cristes godspel is, Boutr. Scrd. 22, 24. Ða on wéstenum wunigende woruldlíce éstas and gæ-acute;lsan mid stíðum lífe fortræ-acute;don, Homl. Th. i. 544, 28. Ðæt gáte hæ-acute;r getácnode ða stíþan dæ-acute;dbóte ðæra manna ðe heora sinna behreówsiaþ, Ælfc. Thw. 3, 36. Ðá ðá hí áxodon hú hé mihte swá stearce forhæfednysse healdan, hé andwyrde : 'Stíðran and wyrsan ic geseah,' Homl. Th. ii. 354, 24. VI. of speech whose subject-matter is unpleasing, hard :-- Stíð is ðis word, hwá mæg hine gihéra, Jn. Skt. Rush. Lind. 6, 60. Cyning cunnode hwilc ðæes æðelinges ellen wæ-acute;re stíðum wordum : 'Ðú scealt mé onsecgan sunu ðínne,' Cd. Th. 172, 22; Gen. 2848. VII. harsh to the taste :--Ðeós wyrt biþ ðam góman stíð and wiðerræ-acute;de for mete geþiged, Lchdm. i. 300, 10. Gemencged mid stíþum ecede, 156, 15. [O. Frs. stíth (opposite of teddre) : Icel. stinnr stiff, unbending, strong.]
stíþe; adv. I. strongly, very much, effectively :-- Cumaþ ealle engla þreátas stíðe ástyrode (commoti : v. stíþ-mægen), Wulfst. 137, 14. Ðæt ðú míne stefne stíðe gehýre exaudiet vocem meam, Ps. Th. 54, 17. [Hou thai mai stithe stand igain the fend, Met. Homl. 4, 11.] II. hardly, harshly, sternly, severely :-- Hú stíðe (dure) se landhláford spræc wið hig, Gen. 42, 30. Him ðæt stíðe geald fædera Lothes, Cd. Th. 125, 15; Gen. 2079. III. austerely, strictly, Homl. Th. ii. 146, 7.
stíþe, an (?); f. A name given to lamb's cress, or to nettle (cf. the lists of plants given in sections 45, 46, Lchdm. iii. pp. 30-36) :--Stíðe ðeós wyrt hátte, Lchdm. iii. 32, 23. v. stíþ.
stíþ-ecg; adj. Of stiff or strong edge :-- Stíiðecg stýle, Exon. Th. 499, 11; Rä. 88, 14.
stíþ-ferhþ, -frihþ; adj. I. of firm, strong mind :-- Hálig Drihten, stíðferhð cyning, Cd. Th. 16, 10; Gen. 241. Stíðfrihþ, 7, 16; Gen. 107. Standaþ stíðferhðe (Cherubim and Seraphim), Andr. Kmbl. 1443; An. 722. Stíðferhþe hæleð higegleáwe, Chr. 975; Erl. 126, 24. II. of stern mind :-- Stíðferhð cyning (the Deity at the time of the deluge), Cd. Th. 84, 32; Gen. 1406. Stíðferhð cyning steóre gefremede, ðá hé réðemód reorde gesette eorðbúendum ungelíce, 101, 16; Gen. 1683.
stíþ-hugende; adj. Of purpose stern :-- Stíðhugende hysas æt hilde, Byrht. Th. 135, 23; By. 122.
stíþ-hycgende; adj. I. in a good sense, of firm, inflexible purpose, resolute :-- Stópon tó ðære stówe stíðhycgende, Elen. Kmbl. 1429; El. 716. II. in a bad sense, obstinate, stubborn :-- Hire Iudas oncwæð stíðhycgende: 'Ic ða stówe ne can,' 1362; El. 683. Stíðhycgendum (the multitude of unbelievers), Andr. Kmbl. 1481; An. 742. III. having hard, unpleasant thoughts :-- 'Is mé feorhgedál leófre micle ðonne ðeós lífcearo.' Him ðá stefn oncwæð stíðhycgendum, 2858; An. 1431.
stíþ-hygd; adj. Resolute, constant :-- Gé tó ðam lifgendan stáne stíðhygde staþol fæstniaþ, Exon. Th. 281, 30; Jul. 654.
stíþ-hygdig, -hýdig; adj. Of stern purpose :-- Gestáh stíðhýdig (Abraham when about to offer Isaac) steápe dúne, Cd. Th. 175, 16; Gen. 2896. Stópon stíðhýdige . . . þrungon þræchearde, Elen. Kmbl. 241; El. 121.
stíþian. v. á-, ge-, on-stíþian.
stíþ-líc; adj. I. firm, strong :-- Stíðlíc stántorr (the tower of Babel), Cd. Th. 102, 14; Gen. 1700. II. of immaterial things, weather, conflict, discipline, penance, hard, severe :-- Stíðlíc hreóhnys a severe storm, Homl. Th. ii. 18, 5. Wæs ðæra deófla gefeoht swíðe stíðlíc ongeán ða sáwle, 340, 30. Mót tó bóte stiðlíc dǽdbót, L. Pen. 3; Th. ii. 278, 8. Hí begunnon tó sleánne ǽlc heora óðerne mid stíðlícum gefeohte, Jud. 7, 22. Swá swá hé strengest beón mihte ongeán ða stíðlícan scúras, Boutr. Scrd. 21, 6. III. of speech, hard, harsh, severe :-- Ne sceal nán mon geþrístlǽcan ðæt hé áht stíþlíces spræce ongeán his abbod, R. Ben. 16, 2. Sió æcs wient of ðæm hielfe ðonne of ðaere ðreátunga gáþ tó stíðlíco word ferrum de manubrio prosilit, cum de correptione sermo durior excedit, Past. 21, 7; Swt. 167, 10. Sege ús for hwí ðú ús ðus stíþlíce word tó sprece, H. R. 7, 35. IV. of persons, stern, hard, fierce :-- Ðá Ælfréd ðæt ofáxode, ðæt se here swá stíðlíc wæs, Shrn. 16, 8.
stíþlíce; adv. Hardly, severely; violenter, Hpt. Gl. 435, 60 : 514, 22; rigide, Kent. Gl. 660. Stíðlícor restrictius, R. Ben. Interl. 6, 5. Stíþlícor districtior, i. rigidior, Wrt. Voc. ii. 141, 49. I. firmly, without giving way :-- Ðás geweorc stondaþ stíðlíce, Exon. Th. 351, 28; Sch. 87. II. strongly, effectually :-- Mé com stíðlíce tó móde it was strongly impressed on my mind, Anglia viii. 313, 3. Ðú stíðlíce eallum miltsadest, Ps. Th. 101, 12. III. sternly, hardly, severely :-- Hwílon láreów mín áwecþ mé stíþlíce (duriter) mid gyrde, Coll. Monast. Th. 35, 31. Stíðlíce clypode wícinga ár, Byrht. Th. 132, 33; By. 25. Hé stíðlíce þrowode for úre ealra neóde, Wulfst. 126, 10. Hý fuhton stíðlíce ymbe ða hálgan sáwle, 236, 23. Hé hit sceal swíðe stíðlíce gebétan, L. E. I. 14; Th. ii. 412, 2. Hé wæs gescrýd wáclíce and stíðlíce, Homl. Th. i. 330, 2. Hé swíðe stíðlíce leofode, ii. 38, 6. Stíðlíce drohtnigende, 354, 16. Hé stíðlícor mid untrumnyssum ofsett wæs, 120, 7. IV. strictly :-- Ðæt líf stíðlíce healdan to observe a course of life strictly, R. Ben. 76, 4. [Hú hé stíðlucest hér on lífe libben mihte, Shrn. 12, 18.] [Icel. stinn-liga strongly.]
stíþ-mægen, es; n. A strong force :-- Ðonne cumaþ upplíce eoredheápas stíþmægen ástyred tum superum subito veniet commota potestas, Dóm. L. 114. [Cf. Stið-imainede eorl, Laym. 25820.]
stíþ-mód; adj. I. of constant mind, resolute :-- Strang and stíðmód gestáh hé on gealgan, Rood Kmbl. 79; Kr. 40. II. of stern mind, stern :-- Stíðmód gestód wið steápne rond bealdor (Beowulf), Beo. Th. 5125; B. 2566. Him (the people of Sodom) tó sende stíðmód cyning (God) áras síne, Cd. Th. 146, 16; Gen. 2423. Se þeóden wæs strang and stíðmód, 279, 34; Sat. 248. Cyning stíðmód sý wið yfele, L. I. P. 3; Th. ii. 306, 26. Se stíðmóda cyning, Drihten ælmihtig, áwearp of ðam setle ðone módigan feónd, Wulfst. 145, 27. III. of violent or fierce mind :-- Se stíþmóda (Holofernes) styrmde and gylede, módig and medugál, Judth. Thw. 21, 19; Jud. 25. IV. of stubborn mind, stubborn, obstinate :-- Ðonne wurð seó heardnes stíðmódre heortan swíðe gehnexad þurh grimlíce steóra, Wulfst. 133, 17. [Cf. Arður stíðimoded kempe . . . Æuere wes Arður ærhðe bideled, Laym. 26022.]
stíþness, e; f. Hardness, severity, force; violentia, Hpt. Gl. 435, 76 : 516, 23 : duritia, 482, 66. I. hardness, stiffness in a physical sense :--Gif hwylc stíðnes on líchoman becume, genim ðás wyrte . . . lege tó ðam sáre, Lchdm, i. 132, 16. Wiþ ǽghwylce gegaderunga þe on ðam líchoman ácenned beóþ, genim ðás wyrte . . . lege tó ðam sáre, hit tófereþ ealle ða stíðnyssa, 140, 14 : 150, 10. Ia. fig. hardness of heart :--Stíðnise heartes duritiam cordis, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 19, 8. II. firmness, constancy :-- Ða hnescan vel wácmód, ðæt synd ða ðe náne stíðnysse nabbaþ ongeán leahtras, Homl. Skt. i. 17, 40. III. severity, strictness, hardness, rigour :-- Mid micelre carfulnysse stíðnyss seó sý gemetegud magna sollicitudine districtio ipsa moderetur, Scint. 123, 9. Beó him gesǽd eall seó stíðnys and earfoðnys ðe tó Gode lǽt predicentur ei omnia dura et aspera per que itur ad Deum, R. Ben. 96, 19. Ne hý mid weorces stíðnesse ofsette sýn ut . . . ne violentia laboris opprimantur, 75, 9. Ðæt wé mid sumere stíðnysse tó ðam gástlícum gefeohte ús gegearcian, Homl. Th. ii. 86, 12, 26 : 374, 15. Gif hwá ða stíðnysse áberan ne mæg ðe his scrift him tǽcþ si quis austeritatem perferre nequeat, quam confessarius ejus ei praescripserit, L. Ecg. P. iv. 60; Th. ii. 220, 25.
stíþ-weg, es; m. A hard, rough way :-- Strong on stíðweg. Exon. Th. 384, 29; Rä. 4, 35.
stí-weard, -wita. v. stig-weard, -wita.
stóc (stoc ?). A word occurring mostly in local names, either alone or in compounds. The meaning seems, like that of stów, to be place (in the first instance perhaps a place fenced in, cf. (?) staca), and both words remain now only as names of places, Stoke, Stowe, or as parts of such names, Basingstoke, Tavistock, Walthamstow. As may be seen from the Index to the Charters, Stóc occurs frequently, some of the references are here given :--Ðis is ðara þreora hída and .xxx. æcera bóc æt Stóce, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 190, 9 : 34, 12. Tó Stóce, 203, 21. Intó Stóce, 123, 8. In loco, qui celebri a soliculis nuncupatur æt Stóce uocabulo, 19, 32 : 33, 27. (With these two passages may be compared the following :--Apud locum ubi uulgari dicitur nomine æt Stówe, 323, 32.) In Stóce . . . in Súthstóce, 75, 25, 33. As an instance of a compound in which the word occurs may be given the following :--Sihtríc abbud on Tæfingstóce, vi. 196, 1. Hí Ordulfes mynster æt Tæfingstóc (Tefingstóce, MS. E.) forbærndon, Chr. 997; Erl. 134, 14. [Crist inn oþre stokess nemmneþþ þa þosstless hise breþre, Orm. 15694.] v. stóc-líf, -weard, -wíc.
stocc, es; m. I. a stock, trunk, log :-- Stoc truncus, Wrt. Voc. i. 32, 42 : 80, 32 : axima, 287, 32. On ðone lytlan beorg ðǽr se stoc stód . . . on gerihte tó ðam stocce on eásteweardan ðam leá, of ðam stocce súðrihte on ðære strǽt, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. ii. 250, 9-17. Tó ðam wón stocce, ðanne fram ðam wón stocce, 73, 22. Tó paðe stocce to the sign-post (?), v. 401, 37. Hé gehæfte hí on ánum micclum stocce and mid ísenum pílum heora ílas gefæstnode . . . Hí stódon stille on ðam stocce gefæstnode, Homl. Skt. i. 5, 386-402. Ic hæbbe of ðam stocce ðe his (Oswald's) heáfod on stód, ii. 26, 260. Óþ ðone calewan stoc, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. ii. 216, 1. Hé gefeól on ðone stocc be ðære stǽnenan strǽte ðe is geháten sacra uia, and tóbærst on feówer dǽlas. Ðá genáman men eft ðone stoc on weg and feówer syllíce stánas on ðære ilcan stówe álegdon, Blickl. Homl. 189, 12-15. Gé þeówiaþ fremdum godum, stoccum and stánum (ligno et lapidi), Deut. 28, 36. Stoccon lignis, 64. Tó stoccum, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 429, 7. II. a wooden trumpet (?) :--Béma &l-bar; stocc tuba, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 6, 2. [O. Frs. stokk a stock; stocks : O. L. Ger. stokk stipes : O. H. Ger. stocch truncus, stipes, lignum, cippus : Icel. stokkr.] v. hand-, heáfod-, píl-stocc.
stoccen; adj. Made of logs :-- Andlang Teóburnan tó ðære wíde herestrǽt; æfter ðære herestrǽt tó ðære ealde stoccene sancte Andreae cyricean to the old wooden St. Andrew's church, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 73, 20. Cf. Stokenchurch in Oxfordshire, Stokenham in Devonshire.
stóc-líf, es; n. A town, habitation :-- Stócclíf oppidum, civitas, Hpt. Gl. 500, 18. Se mæg gedón ðæt ic sóftor eardian ǽgðer ge on ðisum lǽnan stóclífe (cf. Here have we no continuing city, Heb. 13, 14) ða whíle ðe ic on ðisse weorulde beó ge eác on ðam hécan háme ðe hé ús geháten hefþ he can make me dwell more at ease both in this transitory habitation, while I am in this world, and also in that eternal home that he hath promised us, Shrn. 163, 20. Se ðe égðer wilt ge ðissa lǽnena stóclífe ge ðara écena háma, 164, 9. Cf. cot-, mynster-líf for words in which líf is similarly used; and see stóc.
stóc-weard, es; m. A townsman :-- Stócweardum oppidanis, Hpt. Gl. 525, 49. v. stóc.
stóc-wíc, es; n. A habitation, residence :-- On Casino ðam stócwíc in the monastery at Monte Casino, Earle, A. S. Lit. 200, 34. v. stóc.
stod a post :-- Stod propolim vel pertica, Wrt. Voc. i. 16, 28. [A stake or a stode palus, Wülck. Gl. 600, 4. Stothe or post posticulus, Prompt. Parv. 478, col. 2.] v. duru-stod; studu.
stód, es; n. A stud, a herd of horses :-- Stood equartium, Wrt. Voc. i. 23, 10. Ic geann mínon heáhdeórhunton ðæs stódes ðe is on Colingahrycge, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 363, 25. Ic gean mínum wífe healfes ðæs stódes æt Trostingtúne and mínum geféran healfes ðe mé mid rídaþ, and fó mín wíf tó healfum ðe on wealde is, and mín dohter tó healfum, iv. 300, 28. Ðat stód ðe ic ðér habbe, Chart. Th. 574, 20. [Asse . . . thou come of lither stode, P. S. 201, 2. Þe sulve stottes in þe stode, O. and N. 495. The hors of thilke stood Devoureden the mannes blood, Gow. 3, 204, 19. O. H. Ger. stuot equaritia, grex equarum : Icel. stóð; n. : Dan. stod.]
stód-fald, es; m. An enclosure for a stud of horses :-- Tó ðam aldan stódfalde; and ðonne fram ðam stódfalde, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 393, 21. Of ðam wylle on ðone stódfald; of ðam stódfalde, vi. 213, 21. Be norðan stódfaldan, iv. 66, 8. [Dan. stod-fold an enclosure for horses.]
stód-hors, es; n. A stud-horse :-- Gyf mon mǽte ðæt hé feola stódhorsa habbe, Lchdm. iii. 176, 5. [Icel. stóð-hross.]
stodl a post. v. dur-stodl [O. H. Ger. turi-studil, -stuodil, -stodal limen, postis : Icel. stuðill a prop, stay]. v. stod, studu, and next word.
stodle (-a; m. ?), an; f. A slay, part of a loom :-- Hé sceal fela tówtóla habban . . . stodlan, Anglia ix. 263, 11. [Stodul or stedulle of wevynge telarium (cf. Span, telar a loom), Prompt. Parv. 476. Stodyll a toole for a wever, lame (cf. lama sleybrede, Wülck. Gl. 591, 28) de tisserant, Palsgrave (Halliwell's Dict.). Cf. M. H. Ger. stodel pidonius (textoris); in a gloss the word is further explained by warfsteche. v. Grff. vi. 654.] v. preceding word.
stód-mere, an; f. A brood-mare, mare with a foal :-- Gif mon cú oþþe stódmyran forstele, and folan oþþe cealf of ádrífe, L. Alf. pol. 16; Th. i. 70, 24. [Ich am a ful stodmere, a stinckinde hore, A. R. 316, 15. Stodemere, Perceval 367 (Halliwell's Dict.). Icel. stóð-merr.]
stód-þeóf, es; m. One who steals from a stud, a horse-stealer, L. Alf. pol. 9; Th. i. 68, 5.
stofa, an; m. A room for a warm bath :-- Stofa balneum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 101, 60. [O. H. Ger. stuba a chamber that may be warmed : Icel. stofa, stufa a bathing-room that has a fire; a room. The Romance languages borrowed from Teutonic, hence Fr. étuve : Ital. stufa : Span, estufa a hot-house, bath-room.] v. stuf-bæþ.
stofn, e; f. I. a stem :-- Stoc truncus, stofn stipes, Wrt. Voc. i. 32, 43. [Þai thre stod on a stouen (stalke, stocke, other MSS.), C. M. 8036. Stovin a stump or stake; the part of a hawthorn left in a hedge after 'splashing' it, E. D. S. Pub. Leicestershire. Icel. stofn a stem, stump of a tree.] II. a shoot of a tree :-- Stofna ɫ telgena surculorum, virgultorum, Hpt. Gl. 419, 65. Stofnes (stofne ?), ówæstmas surculos, ramusculos, 409, 1. IIa. fig. offspring, progeny :-- Mid gestrénendlícere stofne progenie propaganda, 445, 64. [Stoven a sapling shoot from the stump of a fallen tree, E. D. S. Pub. B. 22, and Whitby Gloss.] III. a foundation :-- Swá gé áwurpon wáh of stofne tamquam parieti inclinato, Ps. Th. 61, 3. [Icel. stofn a foundation; stofna to establish, lay the foundation of.]
stól, es; m. I. a stool, seat :-- Stool tripes, Wrt. Voc. ii. 122, 75. Gewyrc stól of þrím treówum . . . geót under ðone stól, Lchdm. ii. 76, 21-24. Man sceal habban . . . sceamelas, stólas, Anglia ix. 264, 21. II. the seat (lit. and fig.) of one in authority, the throne of a king, see of a bishop :--Sóna se stól (the throne) scylfþ, L. I. P. 4; Th. ii. 308, 1. Stóles cathedrae (pontificalis), Hpt. Gl. 454, 33. Se sit swelce hé sitte on ðæm stóle ðæs forhwierfdan gemótes . . . Se biþ beforan ðe on ðæm stóle sitt ðǽ;m óðrum ðe ðǽr ymb stondaþ, Past. 56; Swt. 435, 24-28. Heofnes Wealdend ðe siteþ on ðam hálgan stóle, Cd. Th. 17, 16; Gen. 260 : 19, 33; Gen. 300. Hú hé him strenglícran stól geworhte, 18, 15; Gen. 273. Geseón selfes stól herran ðínes, 36, 4; Gen. 566. Ofer stól super cathedram (Mosi), Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 23, 2. [Goth. stóls a seat, throne : O. Sax. O. Frs. stól : O. H. Ger. stól, stuol sedes, sella, thronus : Icel. stóll a seat, throne, see.] v. arce- (erce-), arcebiscop-, biscop-, brego-, cyne-, ealdor-, Eoforwíc-, éðel-, fealde-, friþ-, frum-, gang-, gebed-, gif-, gleow-, gum-, heáfod-, heofon-, hleów-, rodor-, þeóden-, yrfe-stól.
stole, an; f. : stol, es; n. (in Northern specimens) A stole, long outer garment :-- Stole stola, Wrt. Voc. i. 81, 43. Stol wuldres gigeride hine stola glorie induit eum, Rtl. 45, 29. Ðæt stol ǽriste stolam primam, Lk. Skt. Lind. 15, 22. Geonga in stolum (stollum, Rush.) ɫ on oferslopum ambulare in stolis, 20, 46 : Mk. Skt. Lind. Rush. 12, 38. [Icel. stola; f. a stole. From Latin.]
stom[m], stomer, stommettan, stomrian, stondan, stood. v. stam, stamer, stammettan, stamerian, standan, stód.
stópel, es; m. A foot-step, mark left by the foot :-- Man dæghwamlíce ða moldan nimeþ on ðǽm lástum . . . and nǽfre man ðære moldan tó ðæs feale ne nimeþ, ðæt mon ǽfre þurh ðæt mǽge á ðý máran dǽl on ðǽm stóplum gewercean (make the footprints larger) . . . Forlét úre Drihten his ða hálgan fét ðǽr on ða eorþan besincan . . . and swá núget on ðære eorþan ða stóplas onáþrycte syndon, Blickl. Homl. 127, 14-26. [Cf. O. Sax. stópo foot-print.]
stoppa, an; m. A stop, a bucket, pail. Halliwell gives stop a small well-bucket, and also stoppe a bucket, or milking-pail, as Norfolk words; the latter being still in use. 'The holy-water stoppe was a vessel containing holy-water placed near the entrance of a church, and was sometimes made of lead' :--Stoppa situla, Wrt. Voc. i. 25, 10 : bona (?), 288, 2 : botholicula, ii. 126, 55 : bothonicla, 11, 20 : bothonicula, Txts. 42, 122. [Prompt. Parv. stoppe, boket situla, haustrum, stoppe, vessel for mylkynge multra, multrale, multrum.] v. buter-stoppa.
stoppian to stop, close an aperture, v. for-stoppian, Lchdm, ii. 42, 12. [From Latin (?).]
stór, es; m. Frankincense, storax :-- Ðes stór hoc thus, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 33; Zup. 59, 14 : Wrt. Voc. i. 81, 25. Stór ðe biþ of gewringe stacten, 20, 28. Hí him geoffrodon gold and récels and myrran . . . se stór getácnode ðæt hé is sóð God, Homl. Th. i. 116, 9. Áne hand fulle stóres, Lev. 2, 2. Nymeþ stór sumite modicum storacis, Gen. 43, 11. Ða ðe offrodon ðone stór qui offerebant incensum, Num. 16, 35. Brimne stór and hwítne rýcels, Lchdm. iii. 14, 21. [Encens, stor olibanus, Wrt. Voc. i. 140, 24 (13th cent.) ' Mj bene bi ydiʒt beuore þe ase þet stor.' þet stor huanne hit is ope þe uere smelþ zuete, Ayenb. 211, 17.] v. stéran.
stór; adj. Great, strong, violent :-- Swá stór þunring wes, Chr. 1085; Erl. 219, 22. [Of þan fehte þe was feondliche stor, Laym. 85. Onkumen was Cadalamor . . . wið ferding stor, Gen. and Ex. 842. Wunder wel starc and stor, O. and N. 1473. Stoor (store) or hard or boystows austerus, rigidus, Prompt. Parv. 477. See also store in Halliwell's Dict. O. Frs. stór : O. L. Ger. stóri inclytus : Icel. stórr : Dan. Swed. stor. Borrowed (?) from Scandinavian.]
storc, es; m. A stork :-- Storc ciconia, Wrt. Voc. ii. 103, 81 : 14, 33 : i. 29, 19 : 77, 18 : 280, 24 : Ælfc. Gr. 7; Zup. 25, 6. Storc and swalewe heóldon ðone tíman heora tócymes, Homl. Th. i. 404, 25. [O. H. Ger. storah, storc ciconia, ophimachus, ibis : Icel. storkr.]
stór-cyll, e : -cylle, an; f. A censer :-- Stórcyl turibulum, Wrt. Voc. i. 81, 27. .i. silfren stórcylle. Chart. Th. 429, 35. Se ðe bær ða stórcyllan tó ðære offrunge, Homl. Th. ii. 294, 20 : Homl. Ass. 58, 185. Nime eówer ǽlc his stórcillan, Num. 16, 6. Ðás stórcyllan haec turibula, Ælfc. Gr. 14; Zup. 90, 4. Stórcillan, Lev. 10, 1.
storm, es; m. I. a storm, tempest :-- Storm nymbus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 114, 70 : procella, i. 52, 62 : 76, 45 : grando, Blickl. Gl. Se swearta storm norðan and eástan, Met. 4, 22. Se stearca storm, 6, 11. Seó réþnes ðæs stormes saevitia tempestatis, Bd. 5, 1; S. 614, 9. Hé ofslóh on storme (grandine) wíngeardas heora, Ps. Spl. 77, 52. Mid ðý storme ðæs wintres hiemis tempestate, Bd. 2, 13; S. 516, 19. Ðás stánhleoþu stormas cnyssaþ, Exon. Th. 292, 19; Wand. 101 : 307, 13; Seef. 23. Storma nimborum, Hpt. Gl. 439, 71. Stormum nimbis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 61, 36. On ðære hreón sǽ and on ðǽm miclan stormum, Past. 9; Swt. 59, 3. Gescyrped mid ðære rinde wið ða stearcan stormas, Bt. 34, 10; Fox 150, 8. Seó lyft ábyrþ ealle wolcna and stormas, Lchdm. iii. 274, 10. Ia. fig. a storm of arrows :--Strǽla storm scóc ofer scyldweall, Beo. Th. 6225; B. 3118. Ib. storm, disturbance, disquiet :-- Hwæt is ðonne ðæt ríce and se ealdordoom bútan ðæs módes storm, se biþ simle cnyssende ðæt scip ðære heortan, Past. 9; Swt. 59, 4. Swelce eác tóætécte ðisse gedréfnisse storm Sǽberhtes deáþ, Bd. 2, 5; S. 507, 6. Ða strongan stormas weoruldbisgunga, Met. 3, 3. II. uproar, tumult :-- Storm up árás æfter ceasterhofum, cirm unlytel hǽðnes heriges, Andr. Kmbl. 2474; An. 1238. Storm up gewát heáh tó heofonum, herewópa mǽst, Cd. Th. 206, 30; Exod. 459. III. violent attack, cf. to storm a place :--Ðis is stronglíc, nú ðes storm becom, þegen mid þreáte (of the harrying of hell), Cd. Th. 288, 26; Sat. 387. Forstond ðú mec and gestýr him (the devils), ðonne storm cyme mínum gǽste ongegn, Exon. Th. 455, 32; Hy. 4, 58. [O. Sax. storm : O. H. Ger. sturm procella, tempestas; strepitus, agitatio, motus, seditio, tumultus : Icel. stormr a tempest; tumult, uproar.] v. styrman.
stór-sæp, es; n. Resin :-- Stórsæpes resinae, Hpt. Gl. 501, 1.
stór-sticca, an; m. An incense-stick, rod for stirring the incense in the censer (?) :--.i. silfren stórcylle mid silfrenum stórsticcan, Chart. Th. 429, 35.
stów, e; f. A place. The word remains either alone or in composition in place-names, e. g. Stow in Huntingdonshire, Stowe in Northamptonshire, Chepstow old ceáp-stów q. v. :--Stów locus, Wrt. Voc. i. 85, 31. I. a place, spot, locality, site :-- Ðeó stów (Calvary) wæs gehende ðære ceastre, ðǽr se Hǽlend wæs áhangen, Jn. Skt. 19, 20 : Elen. Kmbl. 1347; El. 675. Nis ðæt heóru stów, Beo. Th. 2749; B. 1372. Wæs seó londes stów bimiþen fore monnum, óþþæt Meotod onwráh beorg on bearwe, Exon. Th. 110, 32; Gú. 117. Ðá hwearf hé eft tó ðære leófan stówe his ellþeódignesse tunc reversus ad dilectae locum peregrinationis, Bd. 5, 9; S. 623, 30. Teón wit of ðisse stówe, Cd. Th. 114, 30; Gen. 1912. Stópon tó ðære stówe ðe Dryhten ǽr áhangen wæs, Elen. Kmbl. 1428; El. 716. Tó ðam stówe (-um ?) ad loca, Ex. 3, 8. Geseóþ ða stówe ðe se Hǽlynd wæs on áled, Mt. Kmbl. 28, 6. Ðæt hé ðǽr forgeáfe stówe mynster on tó timbrianne, Bd. 3, 24; S. 557, 26. On wéstum stówum in desertis locis, Mk. Skt. 1. 45. Hé gǽþ þurh unwæterie stówa, Lk. Skt. 11. 24. Muntas and móras and eác monige wéste stówa, Salm. Kmbl. 683; Sal. 341. II. a place on the body :--Gif ðú wille lim áceorfan . . . gesceáwa ðú hwilc sió stów sié and ðære stówe mægen, forðon ðe ðara stówa sum raþe rotaþ, gif hire mon gímeleáslíce tilaþ, Lchdm. ii. 84, 22-25. Wið wífa earfoðnyssum ðe on heora inwerdlícum stówum earfeþu þrowiaþ . . . wyrc tó sealfe, dó on wífa stówe, i. 338, 19-22. Lácnian ða sáran stówa, ii. 22, 3 : 70, 8 : 150, 16. III. a place which is built, a house or collection of houses, a habitation, dwelling :-- Seó stów (Ely) wæs gehálgod ðam hálgan Petre, Chart. Th. 241, 2. On ðære stówe dura in introitu tabernaculi, Num. 12, 5. Ne onscunige ic nó ðæs neoþeran and ðæs unclǽnan stówe (the prison of Boethius), Bt. 5, 1; Fox 10, 15. Gange seó sócn intó ðære stówe (the monastery at Ely), Chart. Th. 243, 1. On ðære stówe (the town of Zoar) wé gesunde mágon bídan, Cd. Th. 152, 19; Gen. 2522. Ðá sealde se cyning him wununesse and stówe on Cantwarabyrig dedit eis mansionem in civitate Doruvernensi, Bd. 1, 25; S. 487, 18. Hé ána gesæt dýgle stówe (a hermitage), Exon. Th. 111, 21; Gú. 130. Folc of eallum túnum and stowum, Bd. 2, 14; S. 518, 10. IV. a place, position, station :-- Sió wyrd dǽ;lþ eallum gesceaftum stówa and tída, Bt. 39, 5; Fox 218, 33. Ða nú ryne healdaþ, stówe gestefnde, Cd. Th. 10, 21; Gen. 160. V. a place in a series :--Onféngon hí ða teóþan stówe on ehtnysse Godes cyrcena æfter Nerone, Bd. 1, 6; S. 476, 22. VI. place, room, stead :-- Se ðe lifigende wǽre ðæs hádes hæfde mihte óþerne biscop his stówe tó hálgianne ðér se óðer forþférde is qui superest consors ejusdem gradus, habeat potestatem alterum ordinandi, in loco ejus qui transierat, sacerdotem, 2, 18; S. 520, 35. VII. a place, passage in a book :--Ic ðé sende ðæt spell ðé sylfum tó rǽdanne and on emtan tó smeágeanne and eác on má stówa tó wrítanne and tó lǽranne, Bd. pref.; S. 471, 11. [O. Frs. stó a place : Icel. eld-stó a fire-place.] v. ancor-, byrgen-, ceáp-, cot-, cwealm-, dóm-, eardung-, éðel-, folc-, freóls-, friþ-, fulwiht-, gemót-, gewin-, heáfod-, heg-, leger-, mold-, munuc-, mynster-, neáh-, onbíd-, oret-, pleg-, seonoþ-, spell-, sundor-, tintreg-, wæl-, wáfung-, weall-, wíc-, win-, wítnung-, wítung-, wræc-stów.
stówian; p. ode To hold back, restrain :-- Stóuuigan retentare, Wrt. Voc. ii. 118, 72. [He sette stronge lawen to steowien (stewe, 2nd MS.) his folke, Laym. 6266. Stew þine unwittie wordes, Marh. 6, 2 (and see note, p. 109). Læte me steowe (cf. steowe = A.S. stów, 145, 5) mi flesc, Misc. 193, 34. Beo stiward in oure stude til ʒe be stouwet (stowed, C-text MS. I.; ruled, B-text) betere, Piers P. A-text 5, 39. Ʒiff any man stow me this nyth I xal hym ʒeve a dedly wownde, Cov. Myst. (Halliwell's Dict.). Stowyñ UNCERTAIN or with stond idem quod stoppyñ UNCERTAIN, stowynge, stowwynge obsistencia, resistencia. Prompt. Parv. 478, col. 1.]
stów-líc; adj. Local, relating to place, (l) occupying a place :-- God is ǽghwǽr, þeáh ðe se engel stówlíc sý. Nis se ælmihtiga Wealdend stówlíc, forðan ðe hé is on ǽlcere stówe, and swá hwider swá se stówlíca engel flíhþ, hé biþ befangen mid his andwerdnysse, Homl. Th. i. 348, 12-15. Stówlícere moldan situ, Germ. 391, 195. (2) expressing relations of place :-- Sume naman syndon localia ðæt synd stówlíce; ða geswuteliaþ gehendnysse oððe ungehendnysse, Ælfc. Gr. 5; Zup. 14, 18. Sume (adverbs) synd stówlíce, forðan ðe hí getácniaþ stówa, 38; Zup. 224, 12.
stówlíce; adv. Locally, in respect of place :-- Ða Iudéiscan ðe on Crist gelýfdon wǽron him gehendor stówlíce and eác ðurh cýððe ðære ealdan ǽ : wé wǽron swíðe fyrlyne ǽgðer ge stówlíce ge ðurh uncýððe, Homl. Th. i. 106, 19-21.
strácian; p. ode To stroke :-- Se lǽce grápaþ and strácaþ, ǽrðonðe hé stingan wille, Past. 26; Swt. 187, 5. Wildu hors, ðonne wé hié ǽresð gefangnu habbaþ, wé hié ðacciaþ and stráciad mid brádre handa equos indomitos blanda prius manu tangimus, 41, 4; Swt. 303, 10. Myd swýþe drígeon handum stráca geornlíce ðane innoþ, Lchdm. iii. 134, 17. [O. H. Ger. streichón demulcere.]
strácung, e; f. Stroking, caressing :-- Strácung vel ólæcung delinimentum, Wrt. Voc. i. 54, 69.
stræc, strec; adj. I. strict, severe, rigorous, stern, hard :-- Hú se reccere sceal bión wið ðara yfelena unðeáwas stræc for ryhtwíslícum andan ut sit rector contra delinquentium vitia per zelum justitiae erectus, Past. 17; Swt. 107, 6. Stræc (strec, Cott. MSS.), 12; Swt. 75, 12. Ðæt se streca Déma ús geárige, Homl. Th. ii. 126, 13. Ætforan ðæs gesihðe ðæs strecan Déman, 124, 15. Streccere rigidae, durae, Hpt. Gl. 416, 16. Ðære stræcan asperrima, Wrt. Voc. ii. 2, 24. Wé scoldon mid strecum móde stíðlícor libban and winnan wið leahtras, L. Ælfc. P. 12; Th. ii. 368, 18. Réðe and stræce for ryhtwísnesse justitiae severitate districti, Past. 5, 1; Swt. 41, 19. Déde strece actus strenuos, Ps. Surt. ii. p. 201, 11. Tó ðæm stræcstum (strecestum, MS. T. : stræncstum, MS. A.) mynstermonna cynne ad cenobitarum fortissimum genus, R. Ben. 10, 4. II. rigid, unyielding, obstinate, persistent. v. stræcness :--On óðre wísan sint tó manianne ða ánfealdan stræcan on óðre ða unbealdan. Ðǽm ánfealdan stræcum is tó cýðanne ðæt hié bet [ne] truwien him selfum ðonne hié ðyrfen ðonne hí nyllaþ geðafan beón óðerra monna geðeahtes aliter admonendi sunt pertinaces, atque aliter inconstantes. Illis dicendum est, quod plus de se, quam sunt, sentiunt, et idcirco alienis consiliis non acquiescunt, Past. 42, 1; Swt. 305, 12-15. III. violent, using force, uncompromising, vehement :-- Manig strec (stræc, MS. B.) man wyle werian his man swá hwæðer him þincþ ðæt hé hine eáð áwerian mǽge. Ac wé nellaþ geþafian ðæt unriht, L. C. S. 20; Th. i. 388, 1. Heofena ríce þolaþ neád, and strece (violenti) nimaþ ðæt, Mt. Kmbl. 11, 12. Godes ríce ðolaþ neádunge, and ða strecan mód hit gegrípaþ . . . Eal cristen folc sceal mid neádunge and strecum móde ðæt heofonlíce ríce geearnian, Homl. Th. i. 358, 25-35. Ða hǽþenan féngon tó wurðienne entas and strece woruldmen ðe mihtige wurdan on woruldafelum and egesfulle wǽran ða hwýle ðe hý leofedon, Wulfst. 105, 34. [Cf. strek straightway : He sal noght wend strek til purgatory bot even til helle, Pr. C. 3378. M. H. Ger. strac.] v. án-stræc, and next word.
stræc, es; n. (?) I. strictness, rigour :-- Stræc districtio, rigor, Wrt. Voc. ii. 141, 48. Sý nátóðæshwón regoles stræc gehealden nullatenus districtio regule teneatur, R. Ben. 61, 15. II. violence, force :-- Hú mæg beón bútan strece and neádunge ðæt gehwá mid clǽnnysse ðæt gále gecynd þurh Godes gife gewylde ? Homl. Th. i. 360, 1, 10. Hér man ýtte út Ælfgár eorl, ac hé com sóna inn ongeán mid strece þurh Gryffines fultum, Chr. 1058; Erl. 192, 36.
stræc-líc; adj. Rigorous, strict, severe :-- Gif hié ne beóþ gebundne mid stræclíce láreówdóme si hanc districtionis severitas non coarctat, Past. 17, 9; Swt. 123, 17. Streclícere hǽse rigido ERROR imperio, Hpt. Gl. 437, 4.
stræclíce; adv. I. strictly, sternly, vehemently :-- Gif him God ryhtlíce and stræclíce (streclíce, Cott. MSS.) déman wile si districte judicentur, Past. 5, 3; Swt. 45, 20. Hwílum líðelíce tó ðreátigenne hwílum suíðlíce and stræclíce tó ðráfianne aliquando leniter arguenda, aliquando autem vehementer increpanda, 21, 1; Swt. 151, 12. II. violently, forcibly :-- Swá swá deáð streclíce ásyndraþ sáwle fram líchaman ealswá lufu Godes streclíce ásyndraþ mann fram middaneardenre lufe sicut mors uiolenter separat animam a corpore, ita dilectio Dei uiolenter segregat hominem a mundano amore, Scint. 16, 14-16.
stræcness, e; f. Persistence, perseverance, pertinacity :-- Mid unáteriendlíc[r]e strecnysse indefessa instantia (perseverantia), Hpt. Gl. 434, 24. Hí mid ánræ-acute;dnesse and mid strecnesse geearnodon heofona ríce, L. Ælfc. P. 13; Th. ii. 368, 29.
strǽd[a, -e?] a pace, stride :-- Míle straedena mille passus, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 5, 41.
strǽgl (from Latin stragula ?), strǽl, strél, e; f. A covering for beds, a rug, a mattress, bed :-- Strégl (g over a), strél aulea, Txts. 43, 249. Strél stragua, 99, 1907. Strǽl vel bedding mataxa vel conductum vel stramentum, Wrt. Voc. i. 59, 29. Strǽle mínum (-e ?) ic wǽte stratum meum rigabo, Ps. Spl. 6, 6. Strǽla stragularum, Hpt. Gl. 430, 67. Ealle strǽla his ðú ácyrdest universum stratum ejus versasti, Ps. Spl. 40, 3. [Prompt. Parv. strayle, bed clothe stragula.]
strǽl, strél, streál, es; m. : e; f. : stræle, an; f. An arrow, shaft, dart (lit. and fig.) :--Ðá genam hé his bogan and hine gebende and ðá mid geǽttredum strǽle ongan sceótan . . . Ðá sóna mid ðan ðe se strǽl on flyge wæs, ðá com swíðe mycel windes blǽd, ðæt seó strǽl wearð eft gecyrred, and ðá ðone ilcan mon, ðe heó ǽr from sended wæs, hé sceát, Blickl. Homl. 199, 17-23. Hé cwæð tó ðam deófle: 'Ðú heardeste strǽl tó ǽghwilcre unrihtnesse, 241, 3 : Andr. Kmbl. 2380; An. 1191. Hé his costunge streále on ðam móde gefæstnode ðæs cempan. Hé mid ðære geǽttredan streále gewundod wæs . . . Ðá hæfde hine seó deófollíce strǽl mid ormódnysse gewundodne, Guthl. 4; Gdwin. 28, 2-14. Swá seó strǽle byþ strangum on handa sicut sagittae in manu potentis, Ps. Th. 126, 5. Leóhtes strǽle ɫ leóma lucis spiculum, Hymn. Surt. 30, 6. Se mon wæs ofscoten mid his ágenre strǽle mid ðý ðe hé wolde ðone fearr sceótan, Shrn. 83, 6. Hé forð onsendeþ biterne strǽl, Exon. Th. 48, 2; Cri. 765. Strǽlas sagittae, Ps. Spl. 63, 8 : Blickl. Homl. 203, 9. Strélas, Ps. Surt. 56, 5. Stréle beóþ scearpe sagittae acutae, Ps. Th. 119, 4 : 143, 7. Scearpum strélum, 63, 4. Hé sende his strǽlas, 17, 14 : Judth. Thw. 24, 34; Jud. 223. Ðá hét ic feá strǽla (paucas sagittas) sendan in ða burh innan, Nar. 10, 22. Hé sendeþ his strǽlo, Bd. 4, 3; S. 569, 20. Lǽteþ strǽle fleógan, farende flán, Exon. Th. 386, 4; Rä. 4, 56. Hé ða strǽle ðara áwerigdra gásta him fram ásceáf, Guthl. 6; Gdwin. 42, 24. Strǽle bitere sendan, Ps. Th. 77, 11 : 76, 14. [Strales hate, Laym. 5695. O. L. Ger. O. H. Ger. strála; f. sagitta, jaculum : M. H. Ger. strál, strále; m. f. : Ger. strahl; m.] v. here-, wæl-, wǽpen-strǽl.
strǽl-bora, an; m. An archer :-- Strélbora arcister, Wrt. Voc. ii. 101, 8. Strǽlbora and scytta, 7, 32. Strǽlbora, 55.
strǽlian; p. ode To shoot :-- Hí strǽliaþ hine sagittabunt eum, Ps. Spl. 63, 4.
strǽl-wyrt, e; f. Club-moss (?). Somner gives the word as glossing callitrichon :-- Gif dolh fúlige, ceów strǽlwyrt on and gearwan, Lchdm. ii. 96, 9.
strǽt, e (but uninflected forms occur); f. I. a road :-- Læg án dríe strǽt þurh ða sǽ. And ðæt wæter stód an twá healfa ðære strǽte, Ex. 14, 21-22. Him þurh streámræce strǽt wæs gerýmed, Andr. Kmbl. 3159; An. 1582. Tó ðære ealdan strǽt; ondlong ðære strǽt, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 79, 30. On ða sealtstrǽt; andlang strǽt, 82, 26. Foldweg, cúþe strǽte, Beo. Th. 3272; B. 1634. Ceastre and torras and stréta and brycge geworhte wǽron civitates, farus, pontes, et stratae factae, Bd. 1, 11; S. 480, 16. II. a road in a town, a street, a paved road :-- Strǽt wæs stánfáh . . . hié tó sele gangan cwómon, Beo. Th. 645; B. 320. Ða stánas ðæs temples licggeaþ æt ǽlcre strǽte ende in capite omnium platearum, Past. 18, 3; Swt. 133, 12. Loth sæt on ðære strǽt (in foribus civitatis) . . . Hig cwǽdon: ' Wé willaþ wunian on ðære strǽt (in platea), Gen. 19, 1-2. Be ðisse strǽte, Cd. Th. 147, 8; Gen. 2436. Eode se apostol be ðære strǽt, Homl. Th. i. 60, 21 : ii. 120, 16. Hé eode in burh, stóp on strǽte, Andr. Kmbl. 1969; An. 987. Enta ǽrgeweorc innan burgum strǽte stánfáge, 2473; An. 1238. Fenn strǽta lutum platearum, Ps. Spl. 17, 44. On strǽta hyrnum, Mt. Kmbl. 6, 5. On strǽton in plateis, Mk. Skt. 6, 56. Hí synd stǽnene mid ðám ðe man strǽta wyrcþ, Homl. Skt. i. 7, 134. Ðá arn se ceorl geond ealle ða strǽt, Homl. Th. ii. 302, 8. [O. Sax. O. L. Ger. stráta : O. Frs. stréte : O. H. Ger. stráza. From Latin strata.] v. cyne-, faroþ-, fird-, heáh-, here-, lagu-, mere-, port-, ranc-, sealt-, stán-strǽt.
strǽt, e; f. A couch, bed :-- On beddinge strǽte mínre in lectum strati mei, Ps. Spl. C. 131, 3. Ofer strǽte super lectum, 61, 7 : 6, 6. [From Latin.]
strand, es; n. A strand, shore :-- Strand litus, Wrt. Voc. i. 54, 24 : sablo, Hpt. Gl. 502, 77. Se Hǽlend stód on ðam strande . . . Ðæt strand getácnode ða écan staðolfæstnysse ðæs tówerdan lífes, Homl. Th. ii. 288, 30. Wudes ne feldes, sandes ne strandes, Lchdm. iii. 288, 1. Hí sǽton be ðam strande secus littus sedentes, Mt. Kmbl. 13, 48 : Jn. Skt. 21, 4. Ða eode hé be strande, Ap. Th. 7, 19. Gáþ tó ðære sǽ strande, Homl. Th. i. 64, 3. Urk mín húskarl habbe his strand eall forne gén hys ágen land, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iv. 221, 6. Stranda litorum, Hpt. Gl. 449, 28. Strandum litoribus, 465, 9. [O. Du. strande; n. : M. H. Ger. strant; m. : Icel. strönd; f.] v. sǽ-strand.
strang; adj. Strong; fortis, Wrt. Voc. i. 83, 56 : acer, vehemens, 17, 28 : strenuus, ii. 74, 60. I. of living beings, (1) strong, powerful, mighty :-- Hé wæs strang foreþingere he was a powerful intercessor, Homl. Skt. i. 5, 6. Fugel meahtum strang, Exon. Th. 40, 31; Cri. 647. Ðú eart mægenes strang, Beo. Th. 3692; B. 1844. Hú mæg man ingán on stranges (fortis) hús and hys fata hyne bereáfian, búton hé gebinde ǽrest ðone strangan (fortem) ? Mt. Kmbl. 12, 29. Paminunde ðæm strongan cyninge apud Epaminondam, strenuissimum imperatorem, Ors. 3, 7; Swt. 110, 21. Wǽron hér strange cyningas (fortissimi reges), Bd. 4, 2; S. 565, 30. Hé ys strengra (strængra, Rush. : strongra, Lind.) ðonne ic est fortior me, Mt. Kmbl. 3, 11 : Lk. Skt. 11, 22. Wé wénaþ ðæt mon beó ðý strængra (strencra, Cott. MS.) ðe hé biþ micel on his líchoman, Bt. 24, 3; Fox 84, 7. Ic eom se strengesta (fortissimus) God ðínes fæder, Gen. 46, 3. Se strangesta cyning Æþelfriþ rex fortissimus Ædilfrid, Bd. 1, 34; S. 499, 18. Ætýwan ðíne mǽrðe and ðíne strengestan hand, Deut. 3, 24. Feówer ða strengestan him betweónum gesprǽcon, Ors. 3, 10; Swt. 138, 3. Of ðrím folcum ðám strangestan Germanie de tribus Germaniae populisfortioribus, Bd. 1, 15; S. 483, 20. Of minum strengestum feóndum, Ps. Th. 17, 18. (2) strong, firm, resolute, hardy :-- Beó strang and staðulfæst confortare et esto robustus, Deut. 31, 7, 23. Ic wende ðæt ic wǽre swíðe strong on manegum cræftum ac ic ongeat siððan ðú mé forléte hú untrum ic wæs fortem me inter virtutes credidi, sed, quantae infirmitatis sim, derelictus agnovi, Past. 65, 5; Swt. 465, 21. Ðætte úre mód ðý fæstre and ðý strengre beforan Gode sié on ðæm cræftum ut cor robustius in virtute solidetur, 65, 6; Swt. 467, 9. Ðǽr wæs heáfde beslagen se strengesta martyr Scs UNCERTAIN Albanus, Bd. 1, 7; S. 478, 33. (3) hard, severe, fierce, stern :-- Strang wæs and réðe se ðe wætrum weóld, Cd. Th. 83, 8; Gen. 1376. Se þeóden wæs strang and stíðmód, 279, 34; Sat. 248. Petrus gecýðde ðæt hé wæs strengesð wið scylda, Past. 17, 6; Swt. 115, 17. Seó strengeste þeód gens ferocissima, UNCERTAIN Ors. 4, 11; Swt. 206, 34. II. of things, (1) strong, able to resist force, firm :-- Ðú wǽre mé stranga tor, Ps. Th. 60, 2. Gé nánuht mid eów nabbaþ fæstes ne stronges ðætte þurhwunigean mǽge, Ors. 2, 4; Swt. 74, 28. Æt strangum stáne, Ps. Th. 140, 8. Of ðissum strongan stýle, Exon. Th. 426, 25; Rä. 41, 79. Ðeós wyrt biþ cenned on fæstum landum and on strangum, Lchdm. i. 134, 19. Ðeós wyrt on Illyrico swíðost and strengost wexeþ, 284, 17. (2) firm, valid, assured :-- Mé ðynceþ wíslíc, gif ðú geseó ða þing beteran and strengran ðe ús bodade syndon, ðæt wé ðám onfón, Bd. 2, 13; S. 516, 10. (3) strong in operation, effective, producing a great effect, potent :-- Ongeán swelce mettrymnesse mon beðorfte stronges lǽcedómes . . . Is ðæm lǽce tó giémanne ðæt hé strangne lǽcedóm selle ðæm seócan, Past. 61, 2; Swt. 455, 26-29. Ða leáf syndon stranges swæcces, Lchdm. i. 310, 7. Gif ðú ðás wyrte sylst þicgean on strangon wine, 172, 12. Strangre stemne, Cd. Th. 33, 24; Gen. 525. Ða recceras ætiéwaþ strangne andan fortem zelum rectores exhibent, Past. 21, 6; Swt. 164, 11. Ðæt is for hwí se góda lǽce selle ðam hálum men séftne drenc and swétne, and óðrum hálum biterne and strangne, Bt. 39, 9; Fox 226, 12. Gelácnian mid ðæm drencum strangra wyrta gemanges, Past. 37; Swt. 269, 24. Se gewuna is strengra on ǽlcum worde, ðonne his regol sý, Ælfc. Gr. 30; Zup. 193, 2. Ðæt hié hæfden ðý strengran scyte ne sagittarum jactus inpedirentur, Ors. 1. 10; Swt. 46, 13. Strongrum helpum validioribus auxiliis, Rtl. 61, 11. (4) strong, earnest :-- Ðá sealdon hí him strange manunge, Bd. 1, 12; S. 481, 13. (5) of that which is hard to bear, hard, severe :-- Godes bebod, þéh hit strong wǽre, Ors. 6, 1; Swt. 252, 2. Hú strang hit biþ an helle tó biónne, Wulfst. 225, 12. Is se drohtað strang ðam ðe lagoláde lange cunnaþ, Andr. Kmbl. 626; An. 313. Strang wite, Cd. Th. 155, 4; Gen. 2567. Ðæt sár biþ tó ðon strang, and hé næfþ nánne slǽp ðonne hit strangest biþ, Lchdm. ii. 198, 25. Strang fefer, 226, 16. Com se stranga winter mid forste and mid snáwe and mid eallon ungewederon, ðæt næs nán man ðá on líue, ðæt mihte gemunan swá strangne winter swá se wæs, Chr. 1046; Erl. 170, 32: Chart. Th. 163, 1. Hé ástealde swéðe strang gyld. Chr. 1040; Erl. 166, 20. Ealle ða gesetnessa ðe tó stronge wǽron and tó hearde, Ors. 5, 12; Swt. 244, 15. Wæs ðis gefeoht wælgrimre and strengre eallum ðám ǽrgedónum, Bd. 1, 12, S. 481, 25. Manig broc byþ mycle strengre ðonne tóðæce, ðeáh ic nǽfre nán strengre ne geðolode, Shrn. 185, 15. Ðonne biþ Drihtnes word réðe gehýred, ðám synfullum stefna strangast, Wulfst. 256, 16. (6) of violent motion or action, fierce, violent :-- Strong wind, Met. 7, 25. Strang storm, Lchdm. i. 326, 19. His tógán biþ ðearle strang, 364, 17. Se stranga rén, Ps. Th. 71, 6, Ðá gemunde hé ða strangan dǽda ðara unmanna and ðæra woruldfrumena, Guthl. 2; Gdwin. 12, 27. Gif strongra storm and genip swýðor ðreáde, Bd. 4, 3; S. 569, 12. [O. Sax. strang: Icel. strangr: O. H. Ger. strengi.] v. byrðen-, for-, hyge-, lang-, mægen-, med-, ryne-, swíþ-, un-strang; strenge.
strange; adv. I. severely: -- Rícum mannun man sceal strangor (severius) déman ðonne ðám heánum, L. Ecg. C. 1; Th. ii. 132, 30. Ðeáh ðe ðæt wíte heardor and strangor dón sý cum districtius agitur, Bd. 1, 27; S. 490, 12. II. strongly, violently :-- Seó sǽ strange geondstyred on staþu beáteþ, Met. 6, 15; . Soul Kmbl. 89; Seel. 45.
strang-hende, -hynde; adj. Strong of hand :-- Dauid is gecweden fortis manum, ðæt ys stranghynde, Ælfc. T. Grn. 7, 14.
strangian; p. ode. I. to grow strong, be strong, prevail, flourish :-- Ic strangige oððe geðeó uigeo, Ælfc. Gr. 26, 2; Zup. 154, 14. Strongaþ praevaluít, Ps. Surt. 51, 9. Ic strongade wið him praevalui adversus eum, 12, 5. Word unrehtwísra strongadun (praevaluerunt) ofer ús, 64, 4. Strangadan, swíðodon invalescebant, Wrt. Voc. ii. 74, 6. Strangedon, 46, 49. [Þet eower heorte erʒian and eower feond strongian, O. E. Homl. i. 13, 28. O. H. Ger. strangén confortari.] II. to make strong, confirm, comfort :-- Staþelige man and strangle and trumme hí georne, L. I. P. 4; Th. ii. 308, 3. Hé ðǽr wunode strangende hira heortan on geleáfan, Blickl. Homl. 249, 17. [Heo strangede þe walles, Laym. 4461.] v. ge-strangian; strangung.
strang-lic; adj. I. of persons, strong, robust :-- Cniht, stranglíc on wæstme and wénlíc on nebbe, Ælfc. T. Grn. 16, 41. Hwæðer ðæt landfolc sí tó gefeohte stranglic oððe untrumlíc populum, utrum fortis sit an infirmus, Num. 13, 20. II. of things, (1) strong, firm, solid, able to resist force :-- Næs nán ðæs stronglíc stán gefæstnod, ðæt mihte ðam miclan mægne wiðhabban, Cd. Th. 297, 14; Sat. 517. Ðeáh ðeós eorðe þince on stede stronglíc, Met. 10, 11. Mínne stronglícan stól, Cd. Th. 23, 27; Gen. 366. Sume bióþ beforan monna eágum gesewen swelce hié fæstlícu and stronglícu weorc wyrce quidam quaedam ante humanos oculos robusta exerceant, Past. 34, 6; Swt. 234, 19. (2) requiring strength, laborious, hard :-- Nánne mon ðæs ne tweóþ ðæt se seó strong on his mægene ðe mon gesihþ ðæt stronglíc weorc wyrcþ nemo dubitat esse fortem cui fortitudinem inesse conspexerit, Bt. 16, 3; Fox 54, 29. (3) hard to bear, severe :-- Ðis is stronglíc, nú ðes storm becom, Cd. Th. 288, 25; Sat. 387. Stingaþ stranglíc sár on his eágan, Wulfst. 141, 5. [O. H. Ger. strang-líh robustus.]
stranglíce; adj. Strongly :-- Stranglíce roborabiliter, Wrt. Voc. ii. 84, 3. Stranglíce fortiter, stranglícor fortius, stranglícost fortissime, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Zup. 230, 15. I. with power, with energy, strenuously, vigorously :-- Hé stranglíce ríxode and bewerode ðæt folc wið ða hǽðenan leóda, Ælfc. T. Grn. 7, 7. Hé galdorcræftum wiðstód stranglíce, Andr. Kmbl. 333; An. 167: Exon. Th. 156, 15; Gú. 875. Hwæt getácnaþ ða ban búton stronglíce geworht weorc quid per ossa nisi fortia acta signantur ? Past. 34, 6; Swt. 235, 16. II. with violence, fiercely, vehemently :-- He byrnende from gebede swíceþ, stepeþ stronglíce. Exon. Th. 264, 34; Jul. 374. Se here ða burh besǽton and hire stranglíce wið feaht, Chr. 1016; Erl. 156, 15. Hire mǽtte ðæt heó hæfde sweord on handa and ðæt heó stranglíce fuhte mid ðý, Shrn. 60, 30. Ðæt se wind swá stronglíce hrure on ða circan, ðæt ðǽr ne mihte nǽnig mon gestandan oððe gesittan, 81, 22. III. boldly, bravely, hardily :-- Hí heora land stronglíce geeodan and freódóm onféngon. Bd. 3, 24; S. 557, 46. Him gesewen wæs ðæt hé heardlíce and stranglíce sprǽce, 5, 13; S. 632, 25. IV. firmly, in a manner to resist force :-- Hé biþ stranglíce wið ða getrymed, Past. 21; Swt. 165, 7. Tó ðon ðæt hé swá micle stranglícor árise swá hé hefiglícor áfeóll tanto post solidius surgeret quanto prius cecidisset, 58, 5; Swt. 443, 32. V. severely, sternly :-- On ðám is stronglíce tó ehtanne ða ðe him ne ondrǽdaþ wítende syngian in his fortiter insequenda, qui non metuunt sciendo peccare, Bd. 1, 27; S. 491, 37. Se man wæs stranglíce gewítnad. Shrn. 73, 12. Se ðe swá stronglíce ða Iudéas þreáde, Blickl. Homl. 169,
strang-mod; adj. Of strong mind, confident, resolute :-- God ða unstrangan ðyses middangeardes geceás, ðæt ða strangmódan, ðe on ágenum mihtum truwiaþ, gescende wǽron, R. Ben. 138, 28.
strangness, e; f. I. strength :-- Strangnysse míne fortitudinem meam, Ps. Spl. 58, 10. II. force, violence :-- Of him is bodud Godes ríce and ealle on ðæt Strangnysse wyrcaþ ex eo regnum Dei euangelizatur, et omnis in illud uim facit, Lk. Skt. 16, 16.
strangung, e; f. I. strengthening, invigorating :-- He (Christ) ne behófode nánes wæstmes ne nánre strangunge on ðære godcundnysse, Homl. Th. i. 150, 5. Mettas ðe célunge and strangunge mægen haebben, Lchdm. ii. 176, 16. Ðæt lyft hé gesceóp tó úres lífes strangunge, Hexam. 4; Norm. 8, 17. II. vigor :-- Helias lyfaþ git on líchaman mid langsumre strangunge. Homl. Skt. i. 18, 275. v. ge-strangung; strangian.
strapul, es; m. A covering for the leg, kind of trouser :-- Strapulas tubroces (tubrucus lanea ocrea, ocreis aut calceis coriaceis superimponi solita, Migne) vel brace, Wrt. Voc. i. 25, 61. [A strapylle tibiale, Wrt. Voc. i. 259, col. 2 (15th cent.). Staple of a breche, strappyl femorale, feminale, Promp. Parv. 478. Þe strapils of breke tribraca, femoralia, Cath. Ang. 367. Sum wummon wereð þe brech of heare and þe strapeles adun to hire uet ilaced ful neste. A. R. 420, 5. Seide þat þey were liche to mares wiþ white legges up to þe þiʒes, for þat tyme þe Longobardes usede strapeles wiþ brode laces doun to þe sparlyver asserens eos fore similes equabus, quorum cruretenus pedes snnt albi, eo quod Longobardi tunc temporis usque ad suras candidis fasceolis uterentur, Trev. v. 355. 4.]
stré, streá-berige, streac, streál. v. streáw, streaw-berige, stearc, strǽl.
streám, es; m. A stream, current, flowing water; in the plural used of the sea in poetry :-- Streám vel wǽto irriguum, Wrt. Voc. i. 28, 9. Streám fluens, ii. 149, 68: alveus, i. 54, 26. Streám, streúm rema, reuma, Txts. 92, 855. Streámum, streaumum, streúm torrentibus, 103, 2036. Hí on ðæs streámes brycge ábysgade wǽron . . . Scs UNCERTAIN Albanus eode tó ðære burnan . . . ðá sóna árúgode se streám fluminis ipsius occupabat pontem . . . Sanctus Albanus accessit ad torrentem . . . illico siccato alveo, Bd. 1. 7; S. 478, 8-13. Hé wolde ða eá mid sunde oferfaran, ac hiene se streám fordráf, Ors. 2, 4; Swt. 72, 30. Ymbútan ðone weall is se mǽsta díc, on ðæm is iernende se ungefóglecesta streám fossa extrinsecus late patens, vice amnis circumfluit. Swt. 74, 18. Ealle ða gewítaþ swá swá wæteres streám, Blickl. Homl. 59, 20. Forðon seó stów on ófre ðæs streámes (super ripam fluminis) wæs geseted, wæs his gewuna ðæt hé on ðone stream eode and hine on ðam streáme sencte, Bd. 5, 12; S. 631, 18-22. Humbre streámes Humbrae fluminis, 1. 25; S. 486, 17. On Trenton streáme in fluvio Treenta, 2, 16; S. 519, 31. Temese streáme Tamense fluvio, 2, 3; S. 504, 16: 2, 14; S. 518, 15. Gehlade áne cuppan fulle forð mid ðam streáme, Lchdm. iii. 74, 14. Hát gefec- cean ongeán streáme healfne sester yrnendes wæteres, 12, l. Sing ðis on yrnendum wætere, and wend ðæt heáfod ongeán streám, 70, 8. Ondlang ðæs streámes . . . ondlang ðæs Doferdæles ongeán streám tó Wícforda, Cod. Dip, Kmbl. vi. 218, 29. Streámas stódon, Cd. Th. 206, 29; Exod. 459. Streámas wundon, Beo. Th. 430; B. 212. Wǽgas grundon, streámas styredon, Andr. Kmbl. 747; An. 374. Reáde streámas the waters of the Red Sea, Cd. Th. 196, 23; Ex. 296. Seajte streámas, Exon. Th. 206, 2; Ph. 120. Streámas, sealtýþa gelác, 308, 4; Seef. 34. [O. Frs. strám: O. Sax. stróm: O. H. Ger. stroum, strúm alveus, amnis, torrens: Icel. straumr.] v. brim-, eá-, ég-, égor-, fífel-, firgen-, fyrn-, lagu-, mere-, sǽ-, wǽg-, wæl-, wæter-, wille-streám.
streám-faru, e; f. The going or flowing of a stream of water, a current: -- -Se æðeling hét streámfare stillan the prince bade the rush of waters cease, Andr. Kmbl. 3150; An. 1578.
streám-gewinn, es; n. The strife of waters :-- Bídaþ stille stealc stánhleoþu streámgewinnes, Exon. Th. 384, 12; Rä. 4, 26.
streám-líc; adj. Of water :-- Ofer streámlícum ríðum over rivers of waters, Homl. Th. i. 444, 10.
streám-racu, e; f. The bed or channel of a stream, a water-course :-- Streámracu alveus, Wrt. Voc. i. 54, 26. Streámrace alveum, ii. 4, 59. Him þurh streámræce strǽt wæs gerýmed, Andr. Kmbl. 3158; An. 1582. Fram streámracum óþ ðysse eorðan útgemǽru a flumine usque ad terminos orbis terrae, Ps. Th. 71, 8.
streám-rád, e; f. I. the bed, course of a stream :-- Streám-raad, -rád, streúmrád alveus, Txts. 39, 129. II. a watery road, the way across the sea :-- Sum streámráde con, weorudes wísa ofer wídne holm, . Exon. Th. 296, 21; Crä. 54.
streám-ryne, es; m. The running of a stream :-- Ðæt wæter swá genihtsumlíce út fleów' ðæt hit ILLEGIBLE streámrynes of ðam munte the water flowed out so abundantly, that it ran streaming from the mountain, Homl. Th. ii. 162, 8.
streám-stæþ, es; n. A shore :-- Ofer streámstaðe stæppan to land, Cd. Th. 86, 21; Gen. 1434.
streám-weall, es; m. A shore :-- Stáh ofer streámweall he landed, Cd. Th. 90, 12; Gen. 1494.
streám-wilm, es; m. The boiling of the waters, surge; aestus :-- Streámwelm hwíleþ, Andr. Kmbl. 990; An. 495.
streáw, streów, stréu, stréw, es; n. Straw, hay :-- Gærs oððe streów foenum, Ælfc. Gr. 4; Zup. 8, 3. Stréw, streów, streáw, 13; Zup. 83, 17. Stréwu, eglan fistucam, Wrt. Voc. ii. 36, 69: 72, 25. Ðæt stréu (stré (printed sore, but cf. lytles strées festucae, Mt. Kmbl. p. 15, 4), Lind. ), Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 7, 4, 5. Sume hí cuwon heora gescý, sume streáw, Homl. Th. i. 404, 6. Bærne streúw, Lchdm. iii. 114, 7. [Þe cwene þet mid one strea brouhte o brune alle hire houses, A. R. 296, 12. Havel. stra : Chauc. stre, stree : Piers P. strawe : O. Frs. stré : O. L. Ger. stró; gen. strós: O. H. Ger. stró, strao: Icel. strá.] v. sníð-, windel-streáw (-streów).
streáw-berige (streá-, streów-, stréu-), an; f. A strawberry (plant or fruit) :-- Streáwberige fraga. Wrt. Voc. i. 67, 71. Streáberige, 31, 69. Streówberian wíse (streáwberge, MS. H. ). Ðeós wyrt ðe man fraga and óðrum naman streáwbergean nemneþ, Lchdm. i. 138, 20. Streówberge fraga. Wrt. Voc. i. 286, 4: ii. 36, 59. Stréuberie fascinium, stréuberian fraga, 38, 65, 66. Streáwberian wísan fraga, i. 79, 37. Streáwbergean leaf, Lchdm. ii. 350, 27. Streáwbergean wíse, 36, II. Streáwberian wísan nioþowearde, 34, 24: 334, 11. Genim Streáwberian nyþeweardan, iii. 2, 18. Streábergan vel eorþbergan fragium i. pumorum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 150, 30.
streáwberige-wíse, an; f. A strawberry-plant or runner :-- Streáberiewísan framen, Wrt. Voc. i. 31, 70. [A strebery-wyse hec fragus, a strebery hoc fragam, Wrt. Voc. i. 247, col. I.]
streáwian, streówian; p. ode: stréwian; p. ede To straw, strew :-- Ic strewige (streáwige, streówige) sterno, Ælfc. Gr. 28, l; Zup. 165, 9. Wé streówiaþ (strewiaþ) axan uppan úre heáfda, Homl. Skt. i. 12, 38. Streáwiaþ evernenent (sternerent ?), Wrt. Voc. ii. 144, 30. Mid ðǽm hé strewede ðone weg, Past. 16; Swt. 103, 13. Sume of ðám treówum heówon and streówodon (streówedon, MS. A. : strewedon, MS. B. ) on ðone weg, Mk. Skt. 11, 8. Strewodun (streówedon, MS. A.), Mt. Kmbl. 21, 8. Streówodan, Blickl. Homl. 71, 8, 9. Ða hǽþenan byrnende gléda streáwodon, Homl. Skt. i. 23, 35. Hé hét streówian geond ða flor fela byrnende gléda, 8, 168. [Orm. strawwenn: Chauc. strawe: Prompt. Parv. strowin: Goth. straujan; p. strawida: O. Frs. strewa: O. Sax. stróedun, streidun, p. pl. . O. L. Ger. streidin sternerent: O. H. Ger. strewen, strouwen : Icel. strá.] v. be-, ge-streawian, -streówian j strégan.
streáwung, strec. v. strewung, stræc.
streccan; p. strehte, streahte; pp. streht, streaht, streced (v. strecedness) To stretch. I. to hold out, extend :-- -Ðú strecst (extendes) ðíne handa, and óðer ðé gyrt, Jn. Skt. 21, 18. Strece ðǽrtó ðínne hiht, Homl. Th. i. 252, 7. II. to spread out; -- Ðæt folc strehton (straverunt) hyra reáf on ðone weg, Mt. Kmbl. 21, 8: Mk. Skt. 11, 8 : Lk. Skt. 19, 36. III. to . prostrate :-- He hine wæs on gebed streccende æt líchoman ðæs Codes weres prosternens se ad corpus viri Dei pia intentione, Bd. 4, 31; S. 610, 29. [O. H. Ger. strecchen extendere, porrigere, prosternere.]. v. á-, ge-streccan.
strecedness, e; f. A couch; stratum :-- Strecednes stratum, Ps. Lamb. 40, 4. Strecednysse míne ic beþweá, 6, 7.
strec-líc, -líce, -ness. v. stræc-líc, -líce, -ness.
strégan to strew :-- Græf golde strégan (stregdan?), Exon. Th. 311, 25; Seef. 97. [Goth. straujan.] v. stregdan.
stregdan. [There are two verbs of this form, a strong and a weak. The conjugation is further complicated by the frequent loss of g, so that forms of the strong verb are found (?) belonging to two classes (cf. bregdan): while in the Northern Gospels strong and weak inflections are combined in the same word. The two verbs are here put together]; ic stregde, strigde, stréde, hé stregdeþ, strigdeþ, strét; p. (strong) strægd, pl. strugdon and strǽdon (v. strédun, Mk. 11, 8: but the form may be weak = strægdon) : (weak) stregde, strédde, strugde (North.); pp. (strong) strogden : (weak) stregd, stréded, stréd To strew, spread, scatter, sprinkle. I. to strew something :-- Se ðe ne somnigas streigdæs que non congregat, spargit. Mt. Kmbl. 12, 30. Geswerc swé swé eascan strigdeþ (spargit), Ps. Surt. 147, 16. Monige ðæt wæter on ádlige men strédaþ. Bd. 3, 2; S. 524, 32. Se wind se ðe ða bærnnisse in ða burg strægd ventus qui urbi incendia sparserat, 2, 7; S. 509, 28. Óðre ða telge strédun (sternebant) on ðone woeg. Mk. Skt. Rush. II. 8. Ðú somnas ðér ðú ne strugdes (sparsisti) . . . Ic somnigo ðǽr ic ne strugde (strægde, Rush.: strédde, W. S. sparsi), Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 25, 24, 26. Ðæt áttor on eallutn cyricum hé stregde (aspersit), Bd. I. 8; S. 479, 35. Sió mængu strægdun hrægl heora on ðæm wege, sume telgran strægdun on ðæm wege, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 21, 8. Nim ðæs hornes acxan and stréd, Lchdm. i. 334, 17. Stréd on hálig wæter sprinkle holy water on, iii. 56, II, 18. On ðæs feóndes feax flána stregdan, Salm. Kmbl. 262; Sal. 130. Stregdende weter aspargens aquas, Ps. Surt. ii. p. 190, 9. Wæs heora lár sáwen and strogden betuh feówer sceátum middangeardes. Blickl. Homl. 133, 33. Wæs him morþorbed stréd, Beo. Th. 4864; B. 2436. II. to sprinkle a place with something :-- Ðú strédest (ástregdest, MS. T.) mé mid hysopon asperges me hysopo, Ps. Spl. 50, 8. Stréde man hit mid háligwætere aspergatur aqua benedicta, L. Ecg. P. iv. 38; Th. ii. 216, 1. III. intrans. To scatter, disperse :-- Steorran strédaþ of heofone, stormum ábeátne, Exon. Th. 58, 24; Cri. 940, Stregdaþ tóðas, Salm. Kmbl. 230; Sal. 114. Hí tó scipon stréddon they dispersed to their ships, Chr. 1010; Erl. 144, 3. IV. to lay in order (?) :-- Streide struere (struerem?), strídae, streide struere, Txts. 99, 1910. v. á-, be-, ge-, geond-, on-, under-stregdan, -strédan.
stregdness, e; f. Scattering, sprinkling :-- Mid strægdnesse (aspersione) ðæs wæteres, Bd. 5, 18; S. 635, 29.
strél a couch, strél an arrow, stréme, strencan, strén. v. strǽgl, strǽl, stríme, stencan, streówen.
streng, es; m. I. a string, cord, rope :-- Ráp vel strenc funiculus, modicus funus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 151, 67. Strengas vel bendas lora,136, 77. Hé worhte swipan of strengon (de funiculis), Jn. Skt. 2, 15. (l) a string of a musical instrument:-- Streng fidis. Wrt. Voc. i. 73, 54. On saltere týn strenga (chordarum), Ps. Spl. 32, 2. Strengum fidibus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 37, 22 : 148, 71 : Hpt. Gl. 520, 61. Mid týn strengum getogen hearpe, Ps. Th. 143, 10. (2) a bow-string :-- Boga arcus, bogen (-an?) streng anquina (ar- ?), Wrt. Voc. i. 35, 26. Strǽla storm strengum gebǽded, Beo. Th. 6226; B. 3117. (3) in a ship, part of the rigging; also a cable. v. ancer-streng and cf. Icel. strengr in this sense :-- Ðæt scyp úte on ðære sǽ byþ gesund, gyf se streng (v. ancer-streng, 1. 18) áþolaþ, for ðam hýs byþ se óðer ende fast on ðære eorðan and se óðer on ðam scype... Ðú scealt gefastnian ðone streng on Gode, ðæt ðæt scyp healdan sceal ðínes módes, Shrn. 175, 21-31. Windas weóxon, strengas gurron, Andr. Kmbl. 748; An. 374. (4) a ligament, string (of the tongue) :-- Wið ðam ðe se streng under ðare tunga tóswollen byþ, Lchdm. iii. 102, 2, 4, 5, 8. Strengce nervo, Hpt. Gl. 405, 73. Strenga nervorum, 475, 13. II. fig. a line, lineage (cf. Icel. strengr, used of a narrow water-channel) :-- Of ðam strenge com Noe and his wíf, Ælfc. T. Grn. 3, 28. [O. H. Ger. strang funus, funiculus: Icel. strengr.] v. ancer-streng.
strengan; p. de To make strong. [Þild birrþ ben wiþþ ihwillc mahht to beoldenn it and strengenn, Orm. 2614. Þe wepnen þ̄ strengeð ham stalewurdlukest aʒein me, Marh. 14, 19.] v. æt-strengan, á-strenged; strangian.
strenge; adj. Severe, hard (v. strang, II. 5) :-- Hé his torn gewræc on gesacum swíðe strengum stiépe, Cd. Th. 4, 27; Gen. 60. v. strang.
-strenge, -strenged. v. tín-strenge, -strenged.
strengel, es; m. One who strengthens or emboldens, a gallant leader :-- Nú sceal gléd fretan wígena strengel (Beowulf), Beo. Th. 6222; B.3115.
streng-líc; adj. Strong, flrm :-- Hú hé him strenglícran stól geworhte, heáhran on heofonum, Cd. Th. 18, 14; Gen. 273. Cf. strang-líc. strengra. v. strang.
strengðu (o); indecl. : strengð, e; f. Strength :-- Strengð acha, i. virtus, Wrt. Voc. i. 17, 27. Seó strengð vis, Gl. Prud. 71. I. referring to living beings, (l) strength, power ta do, fortitude, power to bear, firmness, vigour :-- Strengþu heáfdes mínes fortitudo capitis mei, Ps. Th. 59, 6 : 117, 14. Mægnes strengðu, Exon. Th. 239, 23; Ph. 625. Módes strengð fortitudo, Wulfst. 51, 7. Fortitudo, ðæt is strængð oððe ánrédnyss, þurh ða sceal seó sáwul forbæran earfoðnysse mid ánrǽdum móde, Homl. Skt. i. 1, 165. Strængþ vigor, Hymn. Surt. 10, 10. Strengcþ. mín fortitudo mea. Ps. Spl. 17, 1. Strenð robur, Kent. Gl. 795. Ic eów healde strengðu staþolfæstre, Exon. Th. 31, 3; Cri. 490. In ðære gǽstes strengðu, 40, 14; Cri. 638. Beón wiðmeten ðinre strengðe comparari fortitudini tuae, Deut. 3, 24: Ps. Spl. 38, 14. On strengðe horses, 146, 11. Mid strencgðe cum potentia, Ps. Th. 88, 11. Mid micelre strencðe áfylled hé worhte micele tácna, Homl. Th. i. 44, 23. Swá se fulfremeda wæstm biþ on fulre strencðe þeónde, ii. 76, 19. Se weard (the angel at the gate of Eden) hafaþ miht and strengðo, Cd. Th. 58, 22; Gen. 950. Ic ðíne strengþu (virtutem) singe, Ps. Th. 58, 16. Strengðe fortitudinem, Ps. Spl. 58, 18. Hí lǽrdon ðæt hí módes strengþo náman, Bd. 1, 12; S. 481, 5. (1 a) the time when a man is strong, mature years :-- On mínum cildháde oððe on mínre geógoðe oððe on mínre strengðe oððe on mínre ylde, Anglia xi. 102, 2. (2) violence, force:-- Hé ða ongeánwinnendan fǽmnan mid micelre strengðe earfoðlíce ofercom, Ap. Th. 2, 5. Strenðe violentiam, Kent. Gl. 842. Hié ongunnon mid sweordum and mid strengþum þyder gán; þohton ðæt hié woldan ofsleán ða apostolas, Blickl. Homl. 151, 1. II. referring to things, (1) strength, efficacy, virtue, beneficial power :-- Hæfþ hit ða strængðe hyne tó gewyrmenne Lchdm. i. 116, 1. Ðás sylfan strengþe heó hafaþ gewylled wið ðæs migþan earfoðlícnyssa, 284, 3. Hæfþ ðeós wyrt ealle heora strengða, 244, 1. (2) of that which is hard to bear, strength, violence, severity, force :-- Ðí laes seó strengð ðære wyrte ða góman bærne, Lchdm. i. 316, 20. Wið áttres strenðe (strengðe, MS. B. ), genim ðás wyrte . . . heó oferswið ealle strenðe ðæs áttres, 114, 13-15. Ne mæg man ǽfre for his strengðe ðysne wyrttrnman syllan þicgean on sundrum, 260, 18. Hé sceal upweard licgean, ðý læs hé ða strengþe ðyssæ lácnunge ongite, 300, 21. v. mægen-strengðu.
strengu (o); indecl.: streng, e; f. Strength. I. referring to living beings, strength, power, vigour, fortitude :-- Ðæs líchoman fæger and his strengo mæg bión áfyrred mid þreora daga fefre, Bt. 32, 2; Fox 116, 31 note. Dryhten strengo (fortitudo) folces his, Ps. Surt. 27, 8. Tor strengu, 60, 4. Ða medomnesse ðære strengio (-eo, Cott. MSS. ) dignitatem fortitudinis, Past. 14, 5; Swt. 85, 23. Ðære gástlícan strenge hyht, Blickl. Homl. 135, 27, 34. Of ælre strengu (-o, Lind.), Mk. Skt. Rush. 12, 33. Strengo bistolen, mægene binumen, Exon. Th. 410, 8; Rä. 28, 13. Strengo getrúwode ánes mannes. Beo. Th. 5074; B. 2540. Strenge, 3071; B. 1533. Full strenge plenus fortitudine, Rtl. 43, 34. Mid míne ágne mægene and strengo (-eo, Cott. MSS.), Past. 4; Swt. 39, 18: Cd. Th. 98, 19; Gen. 1632. Strengeo, 150, 21; Gen. 2495. Hé gemunde mægenes strenge, Beo. Th. 2545; B. 1270. Strengum vigorously, Cd. Th. 101, 2; Gen. 1676. II. of things, (1) strength, power :-- Mec wolcna strengu byreþ. Exon. Th. 390, 4; Rä. 8, 5. (2) vigour, firmness :-- On strengo þeódscipes wlæc in disciplinae vigore tepidus, Bd. 1, 27; S. 492, 18. On færhæfdnesse strenge (strengeo, Cott. MSS.) strange abstinentiae robore validi, Past. 5, l; Swt. 41, 14. (3) virtue :-- Sint tó manianne ða mettruman tó ðsem ðæt hié gehealden ða strenge ðære geðylde admonendi sunt aegri, quatenus patientiae virtutem servent, 36, 9; Swt. 261, 2. [The word occurs often in a later MS., where strengð(u) is found in the earlier in the passages given under that word from Lchdm. i. Deades strenge warp him dun, Gen. and Ex. 714. Edmond uor ys strenge was ycluped Yrensyde, R. Glouc. 302, 7. O. Sax. O. H. Ger. strengí robur, fortitudo.] v. hilde-, mægen-, mere-, woruld-strengu(o).
streón, es; n. I. gain, acquisition, treasure:-- Ðér is strión ðín ubi est thesaurus tuus. Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 6, 21: 12, 35 : Lk. Skt. Lind. 6, 45. Striónes thesauri, p. 17, 5. Tilða ɫ stre (= streóna or streón) quaestuum, lucrum, Hpt. Gl. 452, 7. Ða ðe geléfeþ in striónum (on gistrión, Rush.) confidentes in pecuniis, Mk. Skt. Lind. 10, 24. Of striónum hiora de facultatibus suis, Lk. Skt. Lind. 8, 3. Strióna thesauros. Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 6, 20. [Gif þu hauest welþe . . . ahte nis non eldere stren (ayhte nys non ildre istreon, Jes. MS.), O. E. Misc. 113, 184.] II. begetting(?), generating:-- Swá hwylc monn swá his wíf for intingan ánum brúceþ tó streónne (streónenne ?; other text has bearna tó strýnenne) si quis suam conjugem creandorum liberorum gratia utitur, Bd. 1, 27; S. 495, 33 MS. T. [Crist is his sune, Noht after chesunge ac after strene; for þan he him strende, alse þe sunne streneð liht, O.E. Homl. ii 19, 24. The word is used also in the sense of what is begotten,progeny, lineage, strain :--Of hire owene streone (race), Laym. 2737. Streon (offspring) of a swuch strunde, Jul. 55, 16. Ne not ich none sunne þet ne mei beon iled to one of ham seouene oðer to hore streones, A.R. 208, 15. All follc wass þatt illke streon þatt Adam haffde strenedd, Orm. 27. Hiss stren shollde ben todrifenn, 16396. Þat holy streon, O.E. Misc. 153, 217. Of God, nat of the streen of which they been engendered, Chauc. Cl. T. 157. Spenser uses the form strene in this sense.] III. power (?):-- Geþencaþ hwelc ðǽs flǽsclícan gód sién and ða gesǽlþa ðe géungemetlíce wilniaþ ðonne mágon gé ongeotan ðæt ð æs líchoman fæger and his streón mágon (strengo mæg Cott. MS.) beón áfeorred mid þreora daga fefre aestimate, quam vultis nimio corporis bona, dum sciatis hoc, quodcumque miramini, triduanae febris igniculo posse dissolvi, Bt. 32, 2; Fox 116, 31. v. ge-streón; streónan.
streónan, (but more often with umlaut) striénan, strénan, strínan, strýnan; p. de (with gen. acc.). I. to gain, acquire :-- On ðæm hiewe ðe hé sceolde his gielpes stiéran, on ðæm hé his striénþ. Mid ðý ðe hé sceolde his gestreón tóweorpan, mid ðý hé hié gadraþ, Past. 8; Swt. 55, 10. Strýneþ foeneratur, Wrt. Voc. ii. 38, 45. Se ðe him sylfum strýnþ qui sibi thesatirizat, Lk. Skt. 12, 21. Gif hé strióneþ allne middangeard si lucretur universum mundum, Lk. Skt. Lind. Rush. 9, 25. Nis eów íorboden ǽhta habban, gif gé ða on riht strénaþ. Blickl. Homl. 53, 28. Guman gylpe strýnaþ men proudly lay up treasure, Exon. Th. 445, 28; Dóm. 14. Hé hié gemyndgaþ ðara welegra ðe longe stríndon (striéndon, Hatt. MS.), and lytle hwíle brucon; hú hrædlíce se fǽrlíca deáð hié on lytelre hwíle bereáfode ðæs ðe hié on longre hwíle mid unryhte striéndon (stríndon, Hatt. MS.), Past. 44; Swt. 332, 15-17. Hí dugeþa strýndon, welan and wiste, Cd. Th. 59, 28; Gen. 970. Striónas thesaurizate, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 6, 20. Riht is ðæt geréfan geornlíce tylian and symle heora hláfordan strýnan mid rihte, L. I. P. 12; Th. ii. 320, 13. Hé ús féran hét gásta streónan. Andr. Kmbl. 662; An. 331. Se ðe his feore nyle hǽlo strýnan, Exon. Th. 96, 16; Cri. 1575. Tó striónanne thesaurizandum. Mt. Kmbl. p. 15, 1. Ðú ðe wǽre welena strýnende, L. E. I. prm.; Th. ii. 398, 12. II. to beget, generate, create :-- Gé strínaþ suna and dohtra filios generabis et filias, Deut. 28, 41. Of ðysum þrím mannum, Noes sunum, eall ðes middangeard wearð eft onwæcnod, þéh hyé Drihten on þreó streónde (created them of three conditions), Anglia xi. 3, 60. Seth strýnde suna and dohtra, Cd. Th. 69, 20; Gen. 1138: 70, 13; Gen. 1152. Hé be wífe bearna strýnde, 70, 5; Gen. 1148: 73, 8; Gen. 1201. Hié tósomne férdon and bearna striéndon. Ors. 1, 10; Swt. 46, 10. Ðæt his bróðor nyme hys wíf and strýne him bearn, Mt. Kmbl. 22, 24. Hié sculon bearna striénan, Past. 51; Swt. 397, 10: Ors. 4, 1; Swt. 154, 17: Cd. Th. 59, 19; Gen. 966. Hé ongan óðres striénan bearnes be brýde, 68, 17; Gen. 1118. Strýnan, 71, 15; Gen. 1171. For intingan bearna tó strýnenne creandorum liberorum gratia, Bd. 1. 27; S. 495, 33. Ic wille ðæt hit gange on ða nýhstan hand mé, bútan hyra hwylc bearn hæbbe; ðonne is mé leófast ðæt hit gange on ðæt strýned on ða wǽpned-healfe (to the child born on the male side). Cod. Dip. Kmbl. ii. 116, 15. [On hir he seal streonen (streni, 2nd MS.) þat scal wide sturien, he scal streonien (streoni, 2nd MS.) hire on ænne swiðe sellichne mon, Laym. 18844. Sikernesse streoneð ʒemeleaste, A. R. 234, 3. All þatt streonedd wass þurrh Adam, Orm. 33. Behinden he (elephants) hem sampnen ðanne he sulen oðre strenen, O. E. Misc. 19, 609. Strenen fornicantur, Ps. 72, 27. See also Halliwell's Dict. strain, strene. O.H. Ger. striunen lucrari.] v. ge-streónan.
Streones-halh. Whitby :-- On ðære stówe seó is gecweden Streónes-halh, Bd. 3, 24; S. 557, 2: 4, 23; S. 592, 37. Hild abbodesse on Streónesheale, Chr. 680; Erl. 40, 13. Tymbrend ðæs mynstres ðe ys nemned Steórneshealh, Shrn. 148, 40. For the forms streanæs, streunaes, strenes, found in Bede's History, v. Txts. 489. In Bd. 3, 25 the word is explained by sinus fari.
streón-ful, streów. v. gestreón-ful, streáw.
streówen, streón, strén, e; f. I. a couch, bed :-- In bed stréne mínre in lectum stratus mei, Ps. Surt. 131, 3. Stréne míne stratum meum, 6, 7: 40, 4: 62, 7. Ðá héht hé him streówne gegearwian (bedd gewyrcian, MS. B.) jussit sibi stratum parari, Bd. 2, 6; S. 508, 8. II. a place where anything rests :-- Hord sceal in streónum bídan . . . hwonne hine guman gedǽlen treasure shall remain in its places of rest. . . until men distribute it, Exon. Th. 337, 22; Gn. Ex. 68.
streówian, streówung. v. streáwian, strewung.
streówness, e; f. Bedding, what is spread to lie on :-- Ðá bǽdon hine his discipulos ðæt hié móstan húru sume streównesse him under gedón for his untrumnesse; ða cwæð hé: ' Bearn, ne bidde gé ðæs; ne gedafenaþ cristenan men ðæt hé elles dó, bútan swá hé efne on axan and on duste licge, Blickl. Homl. 227, 12.
strét, streððan, stréu, strewian. v. strǽt, be-streððan, streáw, streáwian.
strewung, e; f. What is spread to lie on, a couch :-- On bedde mínre strewunge in lectum strati mei, Ps. Lamb. 131, 3. [O.L. Ger. strewunga stramentum.]
stric, es; m.(?) Plague(?) :-- Eác sceal áspringan wíde and síde . . . stric and steorfa and fela ungelimpa, Wulfst. 86, 12. Stric and steorfa, orfcwealm and uncoðu, 159, 10. Gif hit geweorðe ðæt folce mislimpe þurh stric oððe steorfan, þurh unwæstm oððe unweder, L. I. P. 18; Th. ii. 324, 29. v. ge-stric.
strica, an; m. I. a stroke of a pen, a tittle, a mark, line :-- Án atrica oððe ān stæf ðære ealdan ǣ ne biþ forgǣged iota unum aut unus apex non praeteribit (Mt. 5, 18), Homl. Th. ii. 200, 1: Jud. 15. Strican ɫ mærcunge characteres, Hpt. Gl. 473, 13. Stricena apicum, stricum characteribus, notis, 512, 23, 52. Stricum apicibus literarum, 501, 56. II. a streak, tract :-- Hit getīmaþ hwīltīdum ðonne se mōna beyrnþ on ðæm ylcan strican ðe seó sunne yrnþ, ðæt his trendel underscȳt ðære sunnan tō ðam swīðe ðæt heó eall āþeóstraþ, Lchdm. iii. 242, 19. [Longe, croked strykes, Chauc. Astrolabe. Strek or poynt betwyx ij clausys yn a boke liminiscus, Prompt. Parv. 479. Goth. striks κepsilon;ραiota-oxia;α : O. H. Ger. strich linea, nota, zona. Cf. Icel. stryk a stroke, dash.]
strīcan; p. strāc, pl. stricon; pp. stricen. I. to stroke, smooth, rub, wipe :-- Ne delfe hȳ nān man mid īsene and mid wætere ne þweá, ac strīce hȳ mid clāðe clǣne, Lchdm. iii. 30, 24. [Baldulf lette striken to þan bare lichen his bærd and his chinne had his beard shaved of quite smoothly. Laym. 20303. To make murrour bryʒt. Stryke theron blak sope, Rel. Ant. i. 108, 23 (15th cent.). StrekyUNCERTAIN or make pleyne complano, slrekyUNCERTAIN or make playne by mesure hostio, strekyUNCERTAIN, as menn do cattys palmito, Prompt. Parv. 479, col. 2. To stryke a buschelle hostiare, Cath; Ang. 369. This pecke to conteyne stryken with a strykell as mutche as cur standerd pecke holdeth upheaped, ib. note I. To stryke a bed=to make it smooth, is quoted by Halliwell, who gives strike as a Devonshire word for to rub gently. O. H. Ger. strīhhan linere, fovere. Cf. Icel. strjúka to stroke, rub, wipe: Dan. stryge.] v. ymb-strīcan. II. to make a stroke, v. be-strīcan; strica. III. to go, move, run :-- Būlon ðæm rodere ðe ðās rūman gesceaft ǣghwylce dæge ūtan ymbhwyrfeþ, strīceþ ymbūtan, Met. 20, 140. [Strikeð a stream ut of þ̄ stanene þruh, Kath. 122, 2479. Comen alle strikinde of eauer euch strete fit ex omni civitate concursus, 35, 732. Hamun him to strac (wende to, 2nd MS.), Laym. 9318. Faraon strac inn affterr Godes follc, Orm. 14810. þ̄ blod strac adun of hire bodí, Marh. 5, 34: 11, 7. Striken men þiderward, 17, 31. Þe strunden þe striken (ran) adun of þine fet, O. E. Homl. i. 187, 28. A mous . . . stroke forth sternly and stode biforn hem alle, Piers P. prol. 183. See also Halliwell, strike, strike (2). The word is still used of motion as in to strike across a country. O. H. Ger. strīhhan ire, meare: Ger. streichen to move, rush, rove. Cf. Icel. strjúka to go, rush: Dan. stryge to go, stryge Landet orn to stroll about the country.]
stricel, es; m. I. a strickle, an implement for smoothing corn in a measure, v. strīcan, I :-- Stricilum trocleis, rotis modicis, Txts. 100, 994. [Hic modius a buschylle, hic corus a mesur, hoc os[t]orium a strikylle, Wrt. Voc. i. 233, col. 2 (15th cent.). Strykylle hostorium, Cath. Ang. 369. In note I on this page are given the following: 'Rouleau the round pin, stritchell, or strickle used in the measuring of corn, etc. Lorgaulté the strickle used in the measuring of corne' Cotgrave. 'When wee goe to take up come for the mill, the first thinge wee doe is to looke out poakes, then the bushel and strickle.' Farming Books of H. Best, 1641. II. that from which liquid flows (? v. strīcan, II), a breast that gives milk, a fount :-- Of stricele ubere, Germ. 390, 67. Of feówer stricelum bis binis de fontibus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 12, 39. v. tit-stricel.
strician to knit, net. [O. H. Ger. stricchen nectere: Ger. stricken.] v. ge-strician. S
strīdan; p. strād, pl. stridon. I. to stride :-- -Strīdit varicat, Txts. 105, 2078. II. to get by force (?), pillage, rob :-- Strād (streád ? from strūdan) conpilat, Wrt. Voc. ii. 20, 14: 96, 74. [Cf. O. Sax. strīdian to dispute, contend; strīd contest, strife: O. Frs. strīda (wk.) to contend; strīd strife: O. H. Ger. strītan; p. streit pugnare, contendere, obtinere; strīt pugna, certamen.] v. be-strīdan, and next word.
stride, es; m. A stride, pace :-- Faeðm vel tuegen stridi passus, Txts. 85, 1510. [Stryde clunicatus, strydyUNCERTAIN or steppyUNCERTAIN ovyr a thynge clunico, Prompt. Parv. 480.]
strīman to resist, oppose :-- Strīmendi innixus, Txts. 71, 1132: ob-nixus, 81, 1404. [In some dialects, e. g. Northants, to strime= to stride. Could the verb have existed with the same double meaning as strīdan, q.v.?]
strīme, streme; adj. Having a current. [Icel. streymr having a current, running.] v. swīþ-strīme.
strīnd, strȳnd, e; f. A generation, stock, race, kin, tribe :-- Hē ne wæs of ðearfendum folce ac wæs æþelre strȳnde non erat de paupere vulgo, sed de nobilibus, Bd. 4, 22; S. 591, 34. Wæs hē of æþelre strȳnde Angel-ðeóde de nobilibus Anglorum, 5, 19; S. 637, 40. Of ðære cynelīcan strȳnde de stirpe regia, 5, 7; S. 621, 8. Of Wōdenes strȳnde (stirpe) monigra mǣgþa cyningcynn fruman lǣdde, I. 15; S. 483, 30. Hié wǣron of Dauides cynnes strȳnde. Blickl. Homl. 23, 28. His cynnes lātwua from ðon ðæt fore biþ his strȳnde tribunus, ab eo quod praessit tribui, Rtl. 193, 15. In strȳnd twoelfa in tribus duodecim, 78, 26. Doemende twoelf strȳnda, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 19, 28. Strȳndum, Lk. Skt. Lind. 22, 30. [Of heore strund (owene streone, 2nd MS.), Laym. 2736. Strend toward generatio futura, Ps. 21, 32. Streon of a swuch strunde, Jul. 55, 17. Þet tu wite me wið ham (deadly sins) and alle heore strunden, A. R. 28, 7.] v. eormen-strȳnd; streónan, streón.
strīpan; p. te To strip. [Erest he (the devil) strepte of him (Job) his shep, O. E. Homl. ii. 195, 28. Heo haneð istruped mine figer sterc naked, A. R. 148, 24. Þu struptest and herhedest helle, Jul. 63, 16. Het strupen hire steortnaket, Kath. 1537. O. H. Ger. stroufen stringere.] v. be-strīpan (-strȳpan).
strīð, es; m. I. struggle, fight, contest :-- Strange geneátas ða ne willaþ mē æt ðam strīðe geswīcan, Cd. Th. 19, i; Gen. 284. II. contention, dispute, strife of words :-- Hwæt scal ðē swā lāðlīc strīð wið ðīnes hearran bodan? 41, 28; Gen. 663. Ðone lāðan strīð, yfel and-wyrde, 36, 16; Gen. 572. [The word seems to occur only in that part of the Genesis which is supposed to be derived from an Old Saxon original, and to be a form borrowed from Old Saxon strīd. In the Liber Scintillarum strīþlīce glosses districte, 132, 9, and strīðnysse glosses districtionis, 123, 18; but these may be explained as errors for stīþlīce, stīðnysse: the nominative of the latter glossing districtio occurs 123, 9.]
strīþ-līce, -ness. v. preceding word.
stród (strod ?), es; n. ?: -- Andlang dīces on ðæt stród; eást andlang stródes; of ðam stróde on scagan, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 230, 4. Ūtt þurh Wynnawudu on stróð norðweard (the reference is to the same place in both charters), 334, 32. On secglāges stród; of secglāhes stróde, iii. 79, 17. The word occurs in local names, Stródwīc Strudwick (Northants), ii. 318, 30. Ðæt land æt Stróðistūne, iv. 288, 18. Perhaps it is left in Strood (Kent). [O. H. Ger. struot silva, Grff. vi. 751, Grmm. R. A. 635.]
strogdness, e; f. Scattering; aspersio, Rtl. 122, 3. v. ge-strogdness.
strop[p] a strap, strop: -- Strop vel ārwiððe struppus, Wrt. Voc. i. 56, 37. [From Latin.]
-strowenness. v. ā-strowenness.
strúdan; p. streád, pl. struden; pp. sfroden To spoil, ravage, plunder, pillage, defraud :-- Hwæt is ðis manna ðe mīnne folgaþ wyrdeþ, ǣhta strúdeþ, Elen. Kmbl. 1807; El. 905. Ðonne wē ús for nōwiht dōþ ðæt wē earme menn reáfiaþ and strúdaþ in heora ǣhtum and heora gōdum cum infirmiores spoliare et eis fraudem facere pro nihilo ducimus, Bd. 3, 19; S. 548, 19. Fȳnd gold strudon. Cd. Th. 121, 7; Gen. 2006: Exon. Th. 436, 7; Rä. 54, 10. Hié tempel strudon, Cd. Th. 260, 18; Dan. 711. Hwā ðæt hord strude, Beo. Th. 6244; B. 31. 26. Se ðone wong strude (MS. strade), 6139; B. 3073. Iudas hæfde onlīcnesse ðara manna ðe willaþ Godes cyricean yfelian and strúdan, Blickl. Homl. 75, 24. Strúd-ende fȳr, Cd. Th. 154. 15; Gen. 2556. [Cf. O. H. Ger. strutit fraudat, zi-strudida destruxit.] v. be-, ge-strúdan; strȳdan, and following words.
strude, Wrt. Voc. ii. 148, 26. v. next word.
strúdend, es; m. A spoiler, robber, usurer :-- Strúdend oððe grīpend raptor, Wrt. Voc. ii. 88, 69. Lǣnend vel strúde[nd] fenerator, 148, 26.
strúdere, es; m. A spoiler, robber :-- Strúdere vel reáfere agressor, Wrt. Voc. i. 19, 7. Strúderes grassatoris, Hpt. Gl. 513, 54. Strúderum praedonibus, raptoribus, 469, 74. [M. H. Ger. strudære.] v. woruld-strúdere; strȳdere.
strúdung, e; f. Spoliation, robbery, pillage :-- Deóflīce dǣda on stalan and on strúdungan, L. Eth. v. 25; Th. i. 310, 16 : vi. 28; Th. i. 322, 16. Utan forfleón stala and strúdunga (strútunga, MS. C.), Wulfst. 115, 9: 164, l: 129, 18.
strútian; p. ode To stand out stiffly or projectingly :-- Se hālga wer hié (the robbers who were trying to break into the church) wundorlīce geband, ǣlcne, swā hē stōd, strútiendne mid tōle, ðæt hiera nān ne mihte ðæt moUNCERTAINþ gefremman . . . Menn ðæs wundrodon, hū ða weargas hangodon, sum on hlǣddre, sum leát tō gedelfe, and ǣlc on his weorce wæs fæste gebunden, Swt. A. S. Prim. 87, 177. [Ne be þi winpil nevere so ʒelu ne so stroutende. Rel. Ant. ii. 15, 8 (13th cent.). His here strouted as a fanne, Chauc. C. T. 3315. StrowtyUNCERTAIN or bocyUNCERTAIN owte turgeo, Prompt. Parv. 480. M. H. Ger. striuzen. Cf. a-strout. ' A-strout. This word is still used in Somersetshire, explained by Mr. Norris, MS. Glossary, " in a stiff, projecting posture, as when the fingers are kept but stiff. " The word occurs in Wright's Political Songs: The knif srant astrout, 336, 3. Further instances are: Hys yen stode owte astrote, Le Bone Florence of Rome, 2029. Bothe his eghne stode one strowte, Sir Isumbras.' Halliwell's Dict. The word strut is also used in the sense of strife: þair strut (other MSS. strife) it was unstern stith, C. M. 3461. M. H. Ger. strūz: Ger. strauss strife, struggle.]
strútung, strycel. v. strúdung, stricel.
strýdan to spoil, waste :-- Ðæs strýdendan (stryndedan, Wrt.) prodiga (cf. O. H. Ger. strutenti prodigus), Wrt. Voc. ii. 86, 51. v. ge-strýdan; strýdere.
strýdere, es; m. A waster, prodigal :-- Strýdere prodigus. Wrt. Voc. ii. 68, 49. Stryndere (strýdere?), 118, 28. v. preceding word.
strýnan, strýnd, stryndan, stryndere, strýpan. v. streónan, strīnd, strýdan, strýdere, strīpan. 3O
strýta, strúta, an; m. An ostrich :-- Strýta strutio, Wrt. Voc. ii. 121, 38. Strúta, i. 280, 4. [O. H. Ger. strúz struthio. From Latin.]
stryððan, stubb. v. be-streððan, stybb.
studu, stuðu; gen. stude, studu; dat. stude(-u), styde, styðe; acc. studu, stuðu(-o); pl. styde, styðe(-a); gen. studa; f. A post, pillar, prop, stud (v. Halliwell's Dict. 'Stud the upright in a lath and plaster wall, Oxon.'):--Áhéng hé ðone sceát on áne studu ðæs wǽges (in una posta parietis). . . . Ðæt hús forbarn nemþe seó studu án (bútan ðære ánre stýðe, MS. B.), Bd. 3, 10; S. 534, 28-35. Se lég ðære studu (ða ilcan studu, col. 2) gehrínan ne mihte. . . . Ðæt fýr eode andlang ðara nægla ðe seó studu (destina) mid gefæstned wæs and ðære stude nó ne onhrán (ða stuþo sceþþan ne meahte, col. 2). . . . Hí ðá ða studu on ða cyricean setton. . . . Monige men of ðære ylcan styde (styþe, styðe, MS. B., col. 2) sprytlan ácurfon, 3, 17; S. 544, 28-43. Hé hine onhylde tó ánre ðære studa ðe útan tó ðære cyrican geseted wæs ðære cyricean tó wraþe and ðǽr his gást ágæf (hé genom ða studu ðe seó cirice mid áwreþed wæs and on ðære styde stondende forðférde) adclinis destinae quae extrinsecus ecclesiae pro munimine erat adposita, spiritum vitae exhalaret ultimum, S. 543, 37-41. Cypressus styde hié útan wreþedon and gyldne styþa hié úton wreþedon, Nar. 5, 7, 8. Begémþ stuðe (or stoðe) mínre dure observat postes ostii mei, Kent. Gl. 281. [Icel. stoð; f., pl. stöðr, steðr, later stoðir, stuðir.] v. feor-, wræð-studu (-stuðu); stod, stuðan-sceaft.
stuf-bæþ, es; n. A hot-air bath, vapour bath :-- Sile him drincan on stufbaþe, Lchdm. iii. 132, 13. Man machiæ stufbæþ and baþege hine ðáron, 92, 21. v. stofa.
stulor; adj. Furtive :-- Stulur furtiva, clandestina, secreta, Wülck. Gl. 245, 42: furtiva, Wrt. Voc. ii. 38, 30. I. acting with stealth, stealthy :-- Seó hreóhnys is open costung, and seó smyltnys is stulor and dígele swica, Homl. Th. ii. 392, 24. II. stolen :-- Wæteru stulre swéttran synd aque furtiuae dulciores sunt, Scint. 110, 11. [Cf. O. Sax. stulina theft: O. H. Ger. stulingun clam: Icel. stuldr theft.] v. next word.
stulorlíce; adv. Furtively, stealthily; furtim, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Zup. 238, 4.
stund, e; f. I. a stound (used by Spenser and Fairfax, v. Nares, and still later in dialects, v. Halliwell), a while, time, hour :-- Nis seó stund latu ðæt (the hour will not be long in coming when) ðé wælreówe wítum belecgaþ, Andr. Kmbl. 2422; An. 1212: Exon. Th. 156, 16; Gú. 875. Nó ic ða stunde bemearn, ne for wunde weóp that (hard) time I bewailed not, nor wept for the wound, Exon. Th. 499, 12; Rä. 88, 14. Æt stunda gehwam, 436, 30; Rä. 55, 9. II. the hour appointed for a particular act, the signal which marks the hour :-- Geendedum gebedum sí swéged óþer tácn ɫ stund finitis orationibus sonetur secundum signum, Anglia xiii. 380, 215. On ðam fæce ðe stunda beón gehringede in interuallo quo signa pulsantur, 406, 952. Gecnyllendum óþrum stundum pulsatis reliquis signis, 380, 219. Cf. tíd, I c. ¶ adverbial use of cases or adverbial phrases, cf. hwíl:--Hé word stunde áhóf he spoke at once (cf. Ger. zur Stunde), Andr. Kmbl. 832; An. 416: 2993; An. 1499: Elen. Kmbl. 1445; El. 724: Ps. Th. 55, 11. Hé winnan nyle æ-acute;nige stunde, Met. 25, 68. Ðú þolades mægenearfeþu micle stunde, Exon. Th. 86, 21; Cri. 1411. Hwílon hé on bord sceát, hwílon beorn tæ-acute;sde, æ-acute;fre embe stunde (every now and again, from time to time) hé sealde sume wunde, Byrht. Th. 139, 48; By. 271. Stundum (1) at times, from time to time [Icel. stundum: Dan. Swed stundom sometimes, now and then]:--Stundum punctis, Germ. 398, 227. Ic ðíne strengþu stundum singe and ðín milde mód morgena gehwylce, Ps. Th. 58, 16. Horn stundum song fúslíc leóð, Beo. Th. 2851; B. 1423. Ða ic sylf stundum gerád, stundum gereów (cf. Icel. stundum . . . stundum sometimes . . . sometimes, now. . . now), Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 331, 1. (2) with exertions or pains (v. á-stundian, and cf. Icel. stund in the sense of care, pains, exertion; stundar very, exceedingly; stunda to strive, take pains; stundan painstaking; stundliga eagerly):--Hé oroð stundum teáh he (the dying Guthlac) drew his breath laboriously, Exon. Th. 178, 17; Gú. 1245. (2 a) with effort, earnestly, eagerly, fiercely :-- Stundum wræ-acute;con mægen æfter óðrum, Elen. Kmbl. 464; El. 232: 242; El. 121. Strong, stundum réþe exceedingly fierce, Exon. Th. 380, 41; Rä. 2, 3. Streámas staþu beátaþ, stundum weorpaþ on stealc hleoþa stáne and sonde, 382, 5; Rä. 3, 6. Mé strange stundum ongunnon irruerunt in me fortes, Ps. Th. 58, 3: 93, 6. Ic stefne tó ðé stundum (earnestly) cleopige, 85, 5: 97, 8. [O. Sax. O. L. Ger. stunda: O. Frs. stunde: O. H. Ger. stunta: Icel. stund.] v. orleg-, winter-, woruld-stund; stund-mæ-acute;lum.
stund-mǽlum; adv. I. at intervals, gradually, little by little :-- Stundmǽlum sensim, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Zup. 228, 6: Zup. 236, 13: sensim, paulatim, Hpt. Gl. 451, 6: 469, 72: 482, 51. II. at different times, alternately, now at one time now at another :-- Stundmǽlum alternatim, singulatim, separatim, 438, 53: vicissim, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Zup. 238, 4. Stuntmælum, R. Ben. Interl. 38, 10. [See stoundmele in Halliwell.]
stune, Lchdm. iii. 32, 19. v. stíme, and next word.
stunian; p. ode. I. to crash, make a loud sound :-- Sum biþ wíges heard, beadocræftig man ðǽr bord stunaþ where the shield resounds, Exon. Th. 295, 29; Crä. 40. Stunaþ eal geador winsum sanc a pleasant song sounds all together (from the union of many voices), Met. 13, 49. II. to strike with a loud sound, crash, dash :-- Stíme (stune?) hǽtte ðeós wyrt. . . stond heó wið áttre stunaþ heó wærce stíðe heó hátte wiðstunaþ heó áttre it resists poison, dashes on pain, stiff is it called, dashes against poison, Lchdm. iii. 32, 22. Ðá wearð stearc storma gelác; stunede sió brúne ýð wið óðre one dark wave dashed against the other, Met. 26, 29. [Later the word means to confound, astonish, stupefy :-- If he hem stowned vpon fyrst, stiller were þanne alle þe heredmen, Gaw. 301. Stonyn̄ stupefacio, percello, Prompt. Parv. 476. Stonyd attonitus, Cath. Ang 365. Stoned ne basshed of no thyng be ye, Parten. 2940. Halliwell gives stound as a Northern word = to beat a drum. Cf. Icel. stynja to groan; stynr a groan.] v. stinan, ge-stun.
stunt; adj. Foolish, stupid :-- Stunt stultus, Wrt. Voc. i. 47, 53. Stunt folc and unwís popule stulte et insipiens, Deut. 32, 6. Ic wæs stunt, and ic eom nú wís, Homl. Th. i. 433, 6. Ðú sprǽce swá swá án stunt wíf, ii. 452, 31. Ðú stunta fatue, Mt. Kmbl. 5, 22. For eówer stuntan lage per traditionem vestram, Mk. Skt. 7, 13. Swá stunte nýtenu sicut bruta animalia, Coll. Monast. Th. 32, 19. Cweþaþ ða ðe syndan stunte, ðæt mycel forhæfedness lytel behealde, Wulfst. 55, 23. [Mannkinn þatt wass stunnt and dill and skilllæs swa summ asse, Orm. 3714. M. H. Ger. stunz dull: Icel. stuntr short, scant, stunted.] v. styntan.
stunt-líc; adj. Foolish :-- Stuntlíc ys ǽnig þing swýþor lufian ðænne God stultum est aliquid plus amare quam Deum, Scint. 17, 16. Hé nán þing stuntlíces ongeán God spræc Job charged not God foolishly (A. V.), Homl. Th. i. 472, 33. [Hwet is eure swa dusi and swa stuntlic swa is þet þe olde mon nule his mod to Gode awendan mid gode huhte, O. E. Homl. i. 109, 12.]
stuntlíce; adv. Foolishly, stupidly :-- Stuntlíce fæst se ðe hine sylfne mid gálnysse befýlþ, Homl. Th. ii. 100, 16. Hí nellaþ understandan hú stuntlíce hí dóþ, Homl. Skt. i. 17, 132. Hwæt is stuntlícor quid est stultius? Ælfc. Gr. 48; Zup. 279, 11.
stuntness, e; f. Foolishness, folly, stupidity:--Stultitia, ðæt is stuntnys, Wulfst. 52, 17. Ðysses middaneardes wýsdóm is stuntnis ætforan Gode, Homl. Skt. i. 1, 228. Nelle ðú beón eádmód on wísdóm ðínum ne geeádmétt on stuntnesse (stultitia), Sciut. 19, 13. Ðá áwende Crist úre stuntnysse tó geráde, Homl. Th. i. 208, 19. Nú ðingþ ðam dysegan menn . . . ac hé ne understent ná his ágene stuntnysse, Hexam. 20; Norm. 28, 20. Gif hé him sylfum stýrþ fram eallum stuntnyssum, Homl. Skt. i. 17, 23. [Fela stuntnesse beoð þer nan steore ne bið, O. E. Homl. i. 117, 22.]
stuntscipe, es; m. Foolishness; stultitia, Mk. Skt. 7, 22.
stunt-sprǽc, e; f. Foolish speech :-- Þurh stuntspǽce per stultiloquium, Confess. Pecc.
stunt-sprǽce; adj. Talking foolishly, foolish in speech :-- Stuntspǽcne stultiloquum, Scint. 97, 10.
stunt-wyrde; adj. Using foolish words, foolish in speech :-- Se ðe wǽre stuntwyrde, weorðe se wíswyrde, Wulfst. 72, 17.
stúpian; p. ode To stoop, bend the back :-- Gyf seó sunne hine (the moon) onǽlþ ufan þonne stúpaþ hé (it has the light part curving downwards) . . . for ðan ðe hé went ǽfre ðone hricg tó ðære sunnan weard, Lchdm. iii. 266, 20. Ðæt hé swá oft sceolde stúpian swá se cyning tó his horse wolde and ðonne se cyning hæfde his hrycg him tó hliépan ut ipse acclinis humi regem superadscensurum in equum dorso adtolleret, Ors. 6, 24; Swt. 274, 24. [Ha schulde stupin and strecche forð þat swire, Jul. 73, 11. Marie adun stupede, Misc. 53, 559: Fl. a. Bl. 697. He nimþ hede þet his tour ne hongi ne stoupi, Ayenb. 151, 6. To stoupe nutare, Rel. Ant. i. 6, col. 1 (14th cent.). Over þe table he gon stoupe, Alis. 1103. Layamon uses the verb transitively: Mon mæi mid strenðe stupen (stoupe, 2nd MS.) hine to grunde, 25950. [O. Du. stuypen to bow. Cf. Icel. stúpa (st.); steypa to cause to stoop: Dan. stupe to fall: Swed. stupa to fall, tilt, lean forward; stupande sloping.] v. stíp.
sturtan (? vowel as in murnan?); steart To start, jump up :-- Sturtende (styrtende (wk.)? v. examples from Middle English) se halta gistód exiliens claudus stetit, Rtl. 57, 27. [Arður up sturte (storte, 2nd MS.), Laym. 23951. Pharaon stirte up, Gen. and Ex. 2931. Stirte forth, Havel. 873. Þe Romeyns sturte to anon her prince up to rere, R. Glouc. 212, 1.]
stút a gnat, midge; culex. Wrt. Voc. i. 23, 76: 77, 55. [His hors eren were so ful of gnattes and stoutes and of great flyes aures equorum culicibus et ciniphibus ita sunt repletae, Trev. v. 159, 9. Hailiwell gives stout as a West Country word with an instance of its use. Perhaps some local names keep traces of the word, v. Cod. Dip. Kmbl. vi. 336, col. 2.]
stútere, es, m.?:--On stúteres hylle, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 48, 10: 182, 10: 328, 10.
stuðan-sceaft, es; m. A prop, stay :-- Ic gaderode stuþansceaftas, Shrn. 163, 5. Tó ðam ilcan wuda ðár ic ðás stuðansceaftas cearf, 14. [Cf. Icel. stoði (wk.) a post; styðja a post.] v. studu.
stybb, stubb, stebb, es; m. A stub, stump of a tree:?-Stybb stirps, Ælfc. Gr. 3; Zup. 7, 10. Ðes stybb hic stirps, 9, 58; Zup. 68, 8. Styb, Wrt. Voc. i. 33, 57; 80, 33. Treówwes steb stipes, 17, 7. Mid stybbe mid ealle stirpitus, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Zup. 239, 8. Æt ðæne ellenstyb; of ðam stybbe, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 24, 4. Andlang díces on ðone stubb, 10, 21. [Icel. stubbi, stubbr a stump.] v. ellen-, þorn-stybb (-stubb).
stycce, es; n. I. a piece, bit:?-Stycce frustrum, Wrt. Voc. i. 82, 72. Sticce offa, 290, 47; offa vel frustum, 27, 18. Cnuca án sticce ðære wyrt, Lchdm. iii. 4, 21. Swé swé stycce hláfes sic ut frusta panis, Ps. Surt. 147, 17. Sticcum frustris, partibus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 151, 39. On lytlum sticcum leóðworda dǽl reccan, Andr. Kmbl. 2974; An. 1490. Hit (the veil of the temple) on eorþan læg on twám styccum, Exon. Th. 70, 15; Cri. 1139. Hig curfon ðone ram eall tó sticceon (in frusta), Lev. 8, 20. Tó sticcon, 1, 6: Ex. 29, 17. Tó sticcum, Jud. 14, 6. Ðæt mon ðone disc tóbrǽce tó styccum, Bd. 3, 6; S. 528, 21. Hé feallende tóbærst on feówer sticca. Ða feówer sticca clifodon tó feówer stánum, Homl. Th. i. 380, 24. Hí tócurfon ðone líchaman on manugu sticceo. . . . Ðá gesomnodon hí ða sticceo, Shrn. 125, 10, 12. Þurh sticceo per cola, Wrt. Voc. ii. 69, 8. In sticco frusta, in sticce frustatim, 34, 32, 33. In sticce frustatim, 86, 78. On sticca in frusta, in partes, Hpt. Gl. 495, 30. Hé genam ða sticcu, Homl. Th. ii. 154, 19. II. a small piece of money:?-Twá stycgce (stycas, Lind.) duo minuta, Mk. Skt. Rush. 12, 42. III. a short space of time:?-Ðú á embe sticce (after a bit) féhst eft on ða ilcan sprǽce ðe ðú ǽr spǽce, Bt. 35, 5; Fox 164, 14. [Stucchen (sticches, and MS.), Laym. 16703. To stucchen, Kath. 99, 1992. Smalliche be little stechches, Ayenb. 111, 14. O. L. Ger. stukki: O. H. Ger. stucchi frustum, pars; obolum; spatium, tempus: Icel. stykki a piece.] v. fell-, land-, molegn-, seolfor-stycce.
stycce-mǽlum (sticce-, stic-); adv. In pieces, bit by bit, piecemeal:?-Styccimélum particulatim, Wrt. Voc. ii. 115, 81. Styccemǽlum minutatim, 54, 55. Sticcemǽlum, 77, 70. Sticmǽlum frustratim, particulatim, minutatim, 151, 37: membratim, per singula membra, Hpt. Gl. 407, 19. I. to pieces, to bits:?-Þrié wulfas ánes deádes monnes líchoman styccemǽlum tóbrudon, Ors. 4, 2; Swt. 160, 21. Stáuas sticmǽlum tóburston, Homl. Th. i. 108, 19. Hé sticmǽlum tóbræc ða anlícnysse, 464, 26. Ðæt húsel biþ sticmǽlum tódǽled, ii. 270, 33. II. here and there, in different places:?-Styccimélum passim, Wrt. Voc. ii. 116, 60. On feáwum stówum styccemǽlum wiciaþ Finnas, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 17, 5. Se cnoll is styccemǽlum mid wuda oferwexen, Blickl. Homl. 207, 27. Ðæs muntes cnoll is sticmǽlum mid wuda oferwexen, and eft sticmǽlum mid grénum felda oferbrǽded, Homl. Th. i. 508, 23. III. little by little, by degrees, gradually:?-Ða ðýstru styccemǽlum swá ðicce wǽron tenebrae in tantum paulisper condensatae sunt, Bd. 5, 12; S. 628, 12. Men dydon styccemǽlum ðæt hí ða moldan nómon paulatim ablata terra, 3, 9; S. 533, 22. Óþþæt ðú hí styccemǽlum áfédde mid ðý Godes worde donec paulatim enutriti verbo Dei, 3, 5; S. 527, 34. Sticcemǽlum, 1, 7; S. 477, 3: 1, 16; S. 484, 15: 5, 10; S. 624, 37. Ðone song hé gehýrde sticcemǽlum tó him neálǽcan, 4, 3; S. 567, 43. Ðá bleówan wit ða hylla and ástigon ðǽron and scufon hig út on ða eá and wit reówan sticcmǽlum mid uncrum fótum óð ðæt hig unc ásetton on óðre healfe ðære eá then we inflated the bags, and mounted on them, and pushed them out into the river, and little by little we rowed with our feet, until they landed us on the other side of the river, Homl. Ass. 205, 346.
stýfician; p. ode To root up:?-Móna se ðridda weorca onginnan ná gedafanaþ bútan ðæt biþ geedcenned stífician the third day of the moon is not good to attempt works, except to root up what has grown up again, Lchdm. iii. 184, 18. [Cf. (?) Icel. stýfa to chop off, curtail; stúfr a stump.] v. á-stýfician, and next word; and see swefecian.
stýficung, e; f. A clearing (?):--Of ðære stýfycunge, Chart. Earle 248, 11. In ðone norðran stýfecing, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 399, 35. Stýfecinc, 18, 33.
stýle, stýl-ecg, stýled, stýlen, styll, styllan to take a place, styllan to leap, styllan to stall. v. stíle, stíl-ecg, stílan, stílen, still, stellan to place, stellan to leap, stillan.
styltan; prs. subj. (wið-)stylte; p. stylte, stylde, (for-)styldte; pp. stylted To be amazed, confounded, be at a loss, be doubtful:?-Stylton stupebant, Mk. Skt. Lind. 6, 51. Styldon (stylton, Rush.), 1, 22. Hiá stylton haesitantes, Jn. Skt. Lind. Rush. 13, 22. [Cf. O. H. Ger. stullen; p. stulta:--Jumenta in partem alterum haeserunt (stultun) pavefacta, v. Graff. vi. 676.] v. á-, for-, ge-, wið-styltan.
styntan; p. te To make or to become dull; hence to stint:?-Styntid hebetat, Wrt. Voc. ii. 110, 36. [In later English the verb is found transitive and intransitive:--þe qual gon to stunte, Laym. 31891. Menn sholldenn stinntenn to þewwtenn, Orm. 12844. Þe ueorde hweolp is Idelnesse, þet is, hwo se stunt mid alle (is utterly inactive), A. R. 202, 10. Ystunt (dulled) is al my syht; This day me thuncheth nyht . . . Stunt is all my plawe, Rel. Ant. i. 123, 18, 39 (14th cent.). God gan stable and stynte, Piers P. 1, 120. Of this cry they nolde neuere stenten, Chauc. Kn. T. 45. The preyere stynte, 1563. Styntyn̄ of werkynge or mevynge pauso, desisto; styntyn̄ or make a thynge to secyn̄ of hys werke or mevynge obsto, Prompt. Parv. 475-6. Icel. stytta to shorten.] v. ā-, for-styntan; stunt.
stýpel, styr a stir, stýr, stýran, styrc, stýrend. v. stípel, ge-styr, steór, steóran, stirc, steórend.
styreness, e; f. I. motion, movement:?-Mid his óðra lima styrenessa aliorum motu membrorum, Bd. 4, 11; S. 579, 27. Ic ealle míne styrenesse forleás motum omnem perdidi, 5, 6; S. 619, 19. Ðæt hors blon fram ðám unhálum styrenessum ðara [h]leoma equus cessabat ab insanis membrorum motibus, 3, 9; S. 533, 39. II. a commotion, agitation, disturbance, perturbation, (1) in a physical sense:--Styrnise michelo (motus magnus) geworden wæs in sae, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 8, 24. Æfter styrenisse wætres post motum aquae, Jn. Skt. Rush. 5, 4. (2) figuratively:--Styrenise tumultus, Mk. Skt. Lind. 14, 2. Swá monigum and swá myclum styrenesse (-um?) wiþerweardra ðinga tot ac tantis rerum adversantium motibus, Bd. 5, 23; S. 646, 4. Styrenissum perturbationibus, Rtl. 59, 5. v. eorþ-, ge-, on-styreness.
styrfan, styrfig. v. stirfan, stirfig.
styria, styriga, styrga, styra, an; m. A sturgeon; but the word is used as the equivalent of several Latin names of fishes:--Styria cragacus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 105, 50: 15, 48. Styrga, styria, styra porcopiscis, Txts. 87, 1614. Styria, Wrt. Voc. ii. 68, 29. Styriga, i. 281, 59. Stiriga, 65, 63. Styria rombus, 55, 61. Ǽlc seldsýnde fisc ðe weorðlíc byþ, styria and mereswýn, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 450, 27. Andlang strǽte út on styrian pól, vi. 9, 6. Mereswýn and stirian delphinos et sturias, Coll. Monast. Th. 24, 9. [O. H. Ger. sturo, sturjo sturio, rombus, purro: Ger. stör: Du. steur: Icel. styrja: Dan. stør: Norweg. størje. The Teutonic word was adopted in Romance speeches, and the French form is seen in English sturgeon.]
styrian; p. ede, ode To stir, move:?-Ic styrige moveo, Ælfc. Gr. 26, 5; Zup. 156, 9. I. intrans. To be in motion:?-Hé sig ofer ða deór and ofer ealle ða creópende ðe stiraþ on eorþan praesit bestiis omnique reptili, quad movetur in terra, Gen. 1, 26. Ealle ða þing ðe on eorðan stiriaþ . . . Eall ðæt ðe styraþ and leofaþ, 9, 2, 3. Eall flǽsc ðe ofer eorðan styrode, 7, 21. Streámas styredon, Andr. Kmbl. 747; An. 374. Ne stira ðú, sunne, of ðam stede, Jos. 10, 12. Hí ne móton swíþor styrian, Bt. 21; Fox 74, 8. Ða styriendan nétenu, 41, 5; Fox 252, 24. Hý wǽron styriende commoti sunt, Ps. Th. 47, 5. Styrendum mobilibus, Mt. Kmbl. p. 8, 7. II. trans. To put in motion:?-Styrede agitabat, Wrt. Voc. ii. 10, 53: exagitabat, Txts. 180, 2. (1) of physical movement:--Hé styreþ ðone rodor and ða tunglu coelum ac sidera movet, Bt. 39, 8; Fox 224, 6: Exon. Th. 422, 29; Rä. 41, 13. Hí heora ágene stefne styriaþ, Met. 13, 49. Hé dyde ðæt án ǽren nædré hý styrede, Wulfst. 98, 22. Ða stánas hí styredon for ðam swége, Bt. 35, 6; Fox 168, 1. Hé sceal gán and hyne styrian he must walk and move about, Lchdm. i. 316, 17. (1 a) to move the strings of an instrument:--Ealle strengas se hearpere grét mid ánre honda, ðeáh hé hié ungelíce styrige, Past. 23; Swt. 175, 10. Ic míne hearpan genam and míne strengas styrian ongan, Wulfst. 255, 9. Hearpan stirgan, Exon. Th. 42, 8; Cri. 669. (1 b) to put in violent motion, to stir up, disturb, agitate:?- Ic (the storm) streámas styrge, Exon. Th. 386, 31; Rä. 4, 70: 382, 11; Rä. 3, 9. Ðonne wind styreþ láð gewidru, Beo. Th. 2753; B. 1374. Hé hringsele hondum styrede, 5673; B. 2840. Styre mid sticcan, Lchdm. ii. 76, 25. [Streámas] styrgan, Exon. Th. 383, 29; Rä. 4, 18. Sele him styrgendne drenc, Lchdm. ii. 106, 25. Duruþegnum wearð hildbedd styred (disturbed; referring to the only course that seemed left to the cannibals, when the prison was found without their intended victims, viz to feed on the bodies of the dead prison-guards), Andr. Kmbl. 2186; An 1094. (2) figuratively, to stir up, to excite, incite, rouse, move:?-Óþ sædnysse stirgit ad congeriem (satietatem) coartet, Germ. 391, 30. Nán ðæra wǽtena ðe druncennysse styriaþ, Homl. Th. ii. 298, 19. Saca and wraca hé styrede gelóme, Wulfst. 106, 26. Gárulf Gúðere styrode, Fins Th. 37; Fin. 18. Swá sceal ǽghwelc láreów tó ánre lufan mid mislícum manungum his hiéremonna mód styrigean, Past. 23; Swt. 175, 12. (2 a) to handle, treat, deal with:?-Secg ongan síð Beówulfes snyttrum styrian, Beo. Th. 1749; B. 872. (2 b) to move, disturb, trouble, agitate:?-Mid ðǽm bisgum ðe on breóstum styreþ mon on móde, Met. 22, 64. Ðara synfullena handa mé ná ne styrien, Ps. Th. 35, 11. Ða ðe mé mid unryhte ǽnige styrian qui insurgunt in me, 108, 27. Swá bióþ módsefan of hiora stede styrede, Met. 7, 25. [Laym. A. R. sturien: Orm. stirenn: Ayenb. sterie. Cf. Icel. styrr stir, tumult, disturbance.] v. á-, be-, ge-, geond-, on-, ymb-styrian.
styric, styrigend. v. stirc, á-styrigend.
styrigend-líc; adj. Moving:?-Hé styrigendlíces nán þincg findan ne mihte, Homl. Skt. ii. 23 b, 735. Of styrigendlícum mobilibus, Germ 391, 26. God gesceóp eall libbende fisccinn and stirigendlíce omnem animam viventem atque motabilem, Gen. 1, 21.
styrman; p. de. I. of weather, to storm, rage:?-Hit ríne and sníwe and styrme úte furentibus foris turbinibus hiemalium pluviarum vel nivium, Bd. 2, 13; S. 516, 17. Styrmendum wederum, Bt. 7, 3; 3 O 2 Fox 22, 5. II. of persons, to storm, make a great noise, cry aloud, shout :-- Ic (the wood pigeon) búgendre stefne styrme (cf. ic hlúde cirme, l. 18), Exon. Th. 390, 25; Rá. 9, 7. Gehýr mín gebed nú ic stefne tó ðé styrme hlúde exaudi vocem orationis meae, Ps. Th. 139, 6. Mín stefn tó ðé styrmeþ Drihten voce mea ad Dominum clamavi, 141, 1. Stearcheort styrmde, stefn in becom heaðotorht hlynnan under hárne stán, Beo. Th. 5097; B. 2552. Holofernus hlóh and hlýdde, hlynede and dynede, ðæt mihten fira bearn feorran gehýran, hú se stíþmóda styrmde and gylede, Judth. Thw. 21, 19; Jud. 25. Styrmdon hlúde grame gúþfrecan, 24, 35; Jud. 223. Ic mid stefne ongann styrman tó Drihtne voce mea ad Dominum clamavi, Ps. Th. 76, 1. [Þe trouble wynde þat hyʒt auster stormynge and walwyng þe see, Chauc. Boet. 29, 712. O. H. Ger. sturmen tumultuari, perstrepere: Ger. stürmen to roar, rage; to take by storm: Icel. styrma to be stormy (of weather); to make a great noise, make much ado. Layamon uses the verb in the sense to attack violently :-- þat hæðene uolc mid muchelere strengðe sturmden (sweinde, 2nd MS.) þa Bruttes and driuen heom to ane munte, 18327. Þa Freinsce weoren isturmede & noðelas heo stal makeden, 1670.] v. be-styrman.
styrnan, styrne, styrnenga, stýr-ness, styrn-líc, styrnlíce, styrn-mód, -styrred, styrtan. v. stirnan, stirne, stirninga, steór-ness, stirn-líc, stirn-líce, -stirred, sturtan.
styrung, e; f. I. motion :-- Sterung gestus, motus corporis, Hpt. Gl. 455, 44. Ðara unstillena gesceafta styring ne mæg nó weorþan gestilled, Bt. 21; Fox 74, 4. Monige beóþ blíðe and eác unblíðe . . . for ðæs blódes styringe and for líchoman medtrymnesse, Past. 27; Swt. 187, 24. Ðonne hí (prepositions) getácniaþ styrunge, ðonne beóþ hí geþeódde accusativo, Ælfc. Gr. 47; Zup. 274, 7. I a. exercise, practice :-- Sió wiþerweardnes biþ wæru áscerred mid ðære styringe hire ágenre frécennesse adversam fortunam videas ipsius adversitatis exercitatione prudentem, Bt. 20; Fox 72, 6. II. of violent movement, (1) literal, disturbance, agitation, commotion :-- Wearð mycel styrung (motus) geworden on ðære sǽ, Mt. Kmbl. 8, 24. Árás micel styrung and hreóhnys on ðære sǽ, Homl. Th. ii. 378, 14. Seó burh Naim is gereht ýðung oððe styrung, i. 492, 1. Æfter ðæs wæteres styrunge after the troubling of the water (A. V.), Jn. Skt. 5, 4. (2) fig. (a) a disturbance, tumult :-- Ðe læs tó mycel styrung (tumultus) wurde on ðam folce, Mt. Kmbl. 26, 5. Blon sié styring cessavit quassatio, Ps. Surt. 105, 30. Ðæt wíf ðurh ða fǽrlícan styrunge ne gýmde hire cildes, Homl. Th. i. 566, 8. Sceal áspringan bryne and blódgyte and styrnlíce styrunga, Wulfst. 88, 11. (b) trouble :-- Wé sceolan on ǽlcne tíman and on ǽlcere styrunge mid ródetácne ða réðan áflían, Homl. Skt. i. 17, 145. (c) of the mind, perturbation, agitation, emotion :-- Stýran his módes styrunge mid singalre gemetfæstnysse, Homl. Th. i. 360, 16. Interjectio geopenaþ ðæs módes styrunge mid behýddre stefne, Ælfc. Gr. 48; Zup. 278, 3. Gif wé ða unsceádwíslícan styrunga on stæððignysse áwendaþ, Homl. Th. ii. 210, 30. v. á-, eorþ-styrung.
su-. For words beginning with su- followed by a vowel see sw-.
sub-diácon, es; m. A sub-deacon :-- Hit is beboden subdiáconum and munecum, Blickl. Homl. 109, 25. v. under-diácon.
súcan; p. seác, pl. sucon; pp. socen To suck :-- Ic súce sugo, Ælfc. Gr. 28, 5; Zup. 175, 4. Heó (the air) sýcþ ǽlcne wǽtan up tó hire, Lchdm. iii. 278, 7. Of ðæra cilda múðe ðe meolc súcaþ, Ps. Th. 8, 2. Ða breóst ðe ðú suce (suxisti), Lk. Skt. 11, 27: Homl. Skt. i. 8, 125. Sucun (suxerunt) hunig of stáne, Ps. Surt. ii. p. 192, 43. Ðæt hig sucon, Deut. 32, 13. Ongunnon ealle ða næddran heora blód súcan, Homl. Th. ii. 488, 35. Súcende mid ealdum men lactentem cum homine sene, Deut. 32, 25. Ǽgðer ge men ge ða súcendan cild, Homl. Th. i. 246, 21. Of múðe súkendra (lactantium), Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 21, 16. [He moste suken, Laym. 13194. Vther þa ʒæt sæc (soc, 2nd MS.) his moder, 12981, Þa tittes þ̄ þu suke, 5026. Bi þeo tittes þet he sec, A. R. 330, 6.] v. á-, for-súcan, meolc-súcend; súgan, sícan.
súcengra for súcendra, Ps. Spl. 8, 3.
sucga, an; m. The name of a bird. [In later times the word seems to apply to the whitethroat, which is called hazeck (Worcest.) and hay sucker (Devon), and to the hedge-sparrow, isaac or hazock (Worcest.), segge (Devon), E. D. S. Pub., Bird Names, pp. 23, 29. Chaucer uses heysugge (-sogge, -soke) of the sparrow: Thou (the cuckoo) mordrer of the heysugge, Parl. of F. 612. Heges-sugge (q. v.) is used to gloss the same word, vicetula, as sucga does.]:--Sucga, sugga, suca ficetula, Txts. 62, 422. Sucga, Wrt. Voc. ii. 35, 53. Sugga, i. 62, 43. Tó sucgan gráf, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 437, 27. [Sugge, bryd curuca, linosa, Prompt. Parv. 483, col. 2. Halliwell quotes sugge from Palsgrave.]
suchtyrga, suctyria. v. suhteriga.
sufel, es; n. Anything, whether flesh, fish, or vegetable, eaten with bread, sowl ['Anything used to flavour bread, such as butter, cheese, etc., is called sowl in Pembrokeshire,' Halliwell]; pulmentarium:--Sile him fórmete on hláfe and on sufle and on wíne dabis viaticum de gregibus et de area et torculari tuo (the sufle corresponds to the gregibus, v. winter-sufel), Deut. 15, 14. Hæbbe gé sufol (numquid pulmentarium habetis?). . . Hé cwæð tó him: Lǽtaþ ðæt nett on ða swíðran healfe ðæs réwettes and gé gemétaþ, Jn. Skt. 21, 5-6. Wé gelýfaþ, ðæt genóh sý tó dæghwamlícum gereorde twá gesodene sufel (cocta duo pulmentaria)... Gif mon æppla hæbbe oðþe hwylces óþres cynnes eorðwæstmas, sý ðæt tó þriddum sufle. Sý ánes pundes gewihte hláf tó eallum dæge, R. Ben. 63, 10-15. Ðæt hiae simle ymb xii mónaþ gegeorwien tén hund hláfa and swǽ feola sufla, and ðæt mon gedéle tó ælmessan for míne sáwle, Chart. Th. 461, 11. [Ne þerf þet meiden sechen nouðer bread ne suuel, A. R. 192, 18. Kam he neuere hom handbare, Þat he ne broucte bred and sowel In his shirte, or in his couel, Havel. 767. I ne haue neyþer bred ne sowel, 1143. Þes two fishes ben souel to þes loves, Wicklif, Select Wks. i. 63. Sowvel, þat is mete to make potage and to medle among potage, ii. 137. Sowil, as tnow knowe me to wiln (savoury meat, such as l love, A. V.), Gen. 27, 4. Alle that greden at thy gate . . . after fode, Parte with hem of thy payn of potage other of souel, Piers P. C. 9, 286. Forto haue my fylle of that frute I wolde forsake al other saulee (glossed by edulium), B. 16, 11. Hoc potagium ae potage, hoc edulium ae sówle, Wrt. Voc. i. 199, col. 2 (15th cent.). Sowylle, 266, col. 1 (15th cent.). Edulia sowell, Wülck. Gl. 579, 41 (15th cent.). Sowle edulium, pulmentarium, Cath. Ang. 349, col. 2. See the note there (from which the Wicklif passages have been taken), where from Andrew Boorde's Introd. to Knowledge is quoted, 'A gryce is gewd sole;' and from Turner's Herbal, 'The most part vse Basil for a sowle or kitchen;' and 'The fyrste grene leaues of elm tre are sodden for kichin or sowell as other eatable herbes be.' Icel. sufl whatever is eaten with bread: Swed. sofwel: Dan. sul meat. Cf. O. H. Ger. pi-sufili pulmentum, polentum.] v. lencten-, winter-sufel; gesufel; adj., syflig.
súgan; p. seáh, pl. sugon; pp. sogen. I. to suck :-- Ðú suge suxisti, Wrt. Voc. ii. 74, 49. Ðæt sió réðnes ðæs wínes ða forrotedan wunde súge and clǽnsige, Past. 17, 10; Swt. 125, 12. [In Txts. 64, 455 the entry fellitat suggit is perhaps all Latin, as the same form occurs again in a later glossary, where the termination of the verb is never -it, fellitat, i. decepit, suggit, beswícþ, Wrt. Voc. ii. 148, 29] II. to fall in as the cheeks do when sucking (?):--Ðonne him on ðam magan súgeþ when it is in his stomach as if it were sucked in, Lchdm. ii. 192, 13: 160, 1. [O. H. Ger. súgan: Icel. súga, sjúga.] v. á-, for-súgan; súcan, sígan (sýgan) to soak, Lchdm. i. 134, 14.
súge, sugga, sugian. v. hunig-súge, sucga, swigian.
sugu, e: sú, e; f. A sow :-- Sugu scroffa, Ælfc. Gr. 7; Zup. 25, 7: scrofa, Wrt. Voc. i. 22, 73: 286, 46: ii. 120, 7. Sió sugu hí wille sylian on hire sole, Past. 54, 1; Swt. 419. 27. Suge scrofe, Wrt. Voc. ii. 92, 14. Suge sweard vistula, 124, 1. Mé (a badger) on bæce standaþ her swylce sweon leorum (= hǽr swilce súe on hleórum, Grein) hlifiaþ tú eáran ofer eágum, Exon. Th. 396, 13; Rá. 16, 4. [A. R. suwe: Ayenb. zoʒe: Chauc. Piers P. Wick. sowe: Du. zog: Swed. sugga: O. H. Ger. sú: Ger. sau: Icel. sýr; acc. sú: Dan. so.] v. gefearh-sugu.
suht, e; f. Sickness :-- Him yldo ne derede ne suht swáre, Cd. Th. 30, 24; Gen. 472. [This, the only instance of the use of the word, may be due to Old Saxon influence; see the Héliand where the word occurs many times, in two of them with the same adjective as in the passage. The word is however widely spread: Goth. sauhts: O. L. Ger. suht morbus: O. H. Ger. suht morbus, tabes: Ger. sucht: Icel. sótt sickness: sút affliction: Dan. Swed. sot. It is found in the Cursor Mundi: Þai troud þat he moght þair broþer (Lazarus) hale of all his soght (miʒte make him hool to be, Trin. MS.), 14157; and Halliwell quotes a passage in which jaundice is called ʒalow souʒt, Dict. 950.]
suhter-fæderan, -gefæderan; pl. m. Uncle and nephew :-- Hróþwulf and Hróðgár suhtorfædran, Exon. Th. 321, 15; Víd. 46. Ða gódan twegen (Hróþgar and Hróþulf) sǽton suhtergefæderan, Beo. Th. 2332; B. 1164. [Cf. the double meaning in M. H. Ger. veter, father's brother, brother's son.] v. next word.
suhter[i]ga, suhtriga, suhtria, an; m. A brother's son, a nephew; or, expressing the relation of those whose fathers were brothers, a cousin :-- Suhterga fratuelis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 109, 16. Suchtyrga fratuelis i. filius fratris, 36, 4. Suctyrian fratres patrueles, sic dictus est ad patres eorum, si fratres inter se fuerunt, 39, 49. Ic (Abraham) eom fædera ðín sibgebyrdum, ðú (Lot) mín suhterga, Cd. Th. 114, 9; Gen. 1901. His (Abraham's) suhtriga Lot, 122, 20; Gen. 2029. His suhtrian wíf, 106, 23; Gen. 1775. v. sweór.
sulh, suluh, sul[l]; gen. sule, but also sules; dat. sylg, sylh, syl; acc. sulh, sul; n. pl. sylh, syll; gen. sula; dat. sulum: a weak genitive seems also to occur in sylan scear; generally feminine, but see the genitive. I. a plough :-- Sulh aratrum, Wrt. Voc. i. 15, 2: 289, 76. Sul, ii. 6, 19: Ælfc. Gr. 17; Zup. 109, 18. Swá seó sulh ðone teóðan æcer gegá, L. Eth. ix. 7; Th. i. 342, 11: L. Eiig. i. 1; Th. i. 262, 9: L. C. E. 8; Th. i. 366, 7. Á be ðan wuda swá sulh and síðe hit gegán mǽge, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 458, 20. Sule reóst vomes, Wrt. Voc. ii. 138, 72. Sules reóst, 25, 28: 106, 20. Ðæs sules bodig, Lchdm. i. 402, 2. Sylan scear vomer, Coll. Monast. Th. 30, 29. Ðæt nán mon ne scyle dón his hond tó ðære sylg, Past. 51; Swt. 403, 2. Ǽlc man hæbbe æt ðære sylh (sylh, MS.) .ii. wel gehorsede men, L. Ath. i. 16; Th. i. 208, 12. Tó syl... mid ðære syl ad aratrum... aratro, Coll. Monast. Th. 19, 15, 21. Man ða sulh forð drífe, Lchdm. i. 404, 1. Mann ðe hys hand ásett on his sulh (suluh, Rush.), Lk. Skt. 9, 62. Hé his sulh on handa hæfde, Ors. 2, 6; Swt. 88, 8. Hé sulh heóld, Shrn. 61, 18. Mid sul tó erianne, Salm. Kmbl. p. 186, 28. Heora sylh unrihte gangaþ aratra eorum non recte incedunt, Bd. 5, 9: S. 623, 12. Ðíne syll eodon, Homl. Th. ii. 450, 6. Þeáh hé erige his land mid ðúsend sula, Bt. 26, 3; Fox 94, 14. Sulum aratris, Wück. Gl. 254, 6. II. In the following passage perhaps he word is used to denote the quantity of land which could be cultivated with one plough; v. sulincel and cf. plóg. Caruca, which occurs in the passage quoted below from the Laws, seems to have been used in the sense; e.g. in Florence of Worcester's description of the compilation of Domesday Book quot carrucas seems to represent hú mycel landes in the Chronicle; and later sulh is certainly so used, e.g. Ich þe ʒiue þritte solh of londe, Laym. 18779. Seouen sulʒene lond, 18789. Twenti sulhene lond, 13176. But the unit of assasement may have been the plough with its team of oxen. v. Seebohm, Vill. Comm., pp. 112-3. Sceóte man ælmessan.. swá æt heáfde peninc, swá æt sylh (one MS. has æt sulhgange. v. sulh-gang) peninc (cf. detur de omni caruca denarius vel denarium valens, et omnis, qui familiam habet, efficiat, ut omnis hirmannus suus det unum denarium, L. Eth. viii. 1; Th. i. 336, 24; and see sulh-ælmesse), Wulfst. 170, 20. [Gif þe suluh (ploh, MS. T.) ne erede, A.R. 384, 18. Þer cheorl draf his sulʒe ioxned swiðe fæire, Laym. 31811. Þe ilke þet zet þe hand aþe zoulʒ, Ayenb. 242, 31. The word is still used in Somerset, zool, v. E.D.S.Pub., W. Somerset Glossary.]
sulh-æcer, es; m. A strip of land for ploughing. v. Seebohm, Vill. Comm. s. v. æcer :-- Eallum ǽhtemannum gebyreþ ... sulhæcer, L. R. S. 9; Th. i. 438, 1.
sulh-ælmesse, an; f. Plough-alms, a contribution of one penny to be paid for every sulh, v. sulh, II. It is first mentioned in the laws of Edward and Guthrum, and its payment is enjoined in those of succeeding kings. It was to be paid within fifteen days after Easter, or a penalty was incurred :-- Sulhælmsesse húru fífiéne niht ofer Eástran, L. C. E. 8; Th. i. 366, 3. Gif hwá sulhælmyssan ne sylle, gylde lahslit mid Denum, wíte mid Englum, L. E. G. 6; Th. i. 170, 5: L. Ath. i. prm.; Th. i. 196, 10. Wé bebeódaþ ... sulhælmessan, and gif hit hwá dón nelle, sý hé ámánsumod, L. Edm. E. 2; Th. i. 244, 17. Gelǽste man sulhælmessan ðonne .xv. niht beón onufan Eástran, L. Edg. i. 2; Th. i. 262, 17: L. Eth. v. 11; Th. i. 306, 31: vi. 16; Th. i. 318, 30. Sulhælmessan gebyreþ ðæt man gelǽste be wíte ǽghwylce geáre ðonne .xv. niht beóþ ágán ofer Eástertíd, ix. 12; Th. i. 342, 31. Suluhælmessan, Shrn. 208, 29.
sulh-beám, es; m. The curved hinder part of a plough, plough-tail :-- Sulhbeám burris, curvamentum aratri, Wrt. Voc. ii. 126, 79: buris, 12, 54: i. 15, 4. [Solowbeme buris, Wrt. Voc. i. 180, 29 (14th cent.?). Cf. plughbeme buris, 232, col. 2.]
sulh-gang, es; m. A plough-gang (pleuch-, plough-gang as much land as can be properly tilled by one plough, Jamieson's Dict. See too pleuch-gate, ib. Cf. for a similar use of gang in measurements Icel. sólar-gangr = a day) :-- Æt heáfde peninc, æt sulhgange peninc, Wulfst. 170. 37. v. sulh II, sulung.
sulh-gesíde, es; n. An appurtenance of a plough :-- Man sceal habban wǽngewǽdu, sulhgesídu, Anglia ix. 264, 5. Cf. next word.
sulh-geteóh; gen. -teóges; n. An implement belonging to a plough :-- Gegaderie hé ealle his sulhgeteógo tógædere let him collect together all the apparatus of his plough, Lchdm. i. 400, 19.
sulh-geweorc, es; n. Plough-work, making of ploughs :-- Tubal Cain smiðcræftega wæs and manna ǽrest sulhgeweorces fruma wæs ofer foldan (Tubal Cain an instructor of every artificer in brass and iron, A. V.), Cd. Th. 66, 19; Gen. 1086.
sulh-hæbbere, es; m. One who holds a plough (cf. hé his sulh on handa hæfde, Ors. 2, 6; Swt. 88, 8), a ploughman :-- Sulhhæbbere stibarius, Wrt. Voc. ii. 79, 24. v. next word.
sulh-handla, an; m. One who holds the handle of a plough, a ploughman :-- Sulhandla stivarius, arator, Hpt. Gl. 461, 71.
sulh-handle (-a; m.?), an; f. A plough-handle, plough-tail :-- Sulhhandla (-e? v. handle stiba, Wrt. Voc. ii. 121, 10) stiba, Wrt. Voc. i. 15, 8. Sulhandlan stivam, Hpt. Gl. 470, 33.
sulian (?); p. ode To sully [ :-- Besutod (-sulod?) obsoletum, sordidum, Germ. 403, 26.] v. sylian.
sulincel, es; n. A small portion of arable land :-- Sulincela aratiuncula, Wrt. Voc. ii. 6, 18. v. sulh, II.
sulung, e; f. A Kentish word for a certain quantity of land, derived, like carrucata, from a name of the plough; from its origin it might mean, so much land as could be cultivated by one plough. From the first two passages given below it would seem that the sulung was equivalent to two hides (manentes), and later a solanda, which is probably the same word, is said 'per se habere duas hidas.' v. Seebohm, Vill. Comm., p. 54. But perhaps it may be inferred that both hide and sulung were considered as on the same footing as regards the plough. Thus to the gebúr with his gyrd landes, i. e. one quarter of a hide, are to be given two oxen, L. R. S. 4; Th. i. 434, 23, while a gift of half a sulung is accompanied by the further gift of four oxen, Chart. Th. 470, 9-14. v. Seebohm, pp. 138-9, and generally. In the Domesday Survey of Kent the assessment was given by solins, and the word remained in use. v. Pegge's Kenticisms, s.v. sulling :-- Aliquam terrae partiunculam, hoc est duarum manentium ... ritu Cantiae án sulung dictum, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. i. 249, 19. Terrae particula duarum manentium, id est, án sulung, 250, 8. Yc gean intó Cristes cyrican on Cantwarabyrig ðæs landes æt Holungaburnan ... búton ðære ánre sulunge ðe ic Síferðe geunnen hæbbe, Chart. Th. 558, 27. Him man sælle án half swulung ... and mon selle him tó ðem londe .iiii. oxan, and .ii. cý, and l. scǽpa, 470, 8-14. Ðisses londes aran thrié sulong æt hægethe thorne, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. i. 235, 7. Siendan feówer swulung ðæs londes ðe gebyreþ inntó Raculfe on Tænett ...; ðonne is ealles ðæs londes .xxv. swulunga and án swulung on Ceólulfingtúne, iii. 429, 14-18. Ðæt lond æt Stánhámstede (Stanstead, in Kent) .xx. swuluncga, i. 292, 23. Se cyning (Ethelbert of Kent) sealde Wulláfe fíf sulung landes et Wassingwellan (Washingwell, in Kent) wið ðém fíf sulungum et Mersahám (Mersham, in Kent), ii. 66, 17-19. Twá sulung æt Denetúne (Denton, in Kent), 380, 32.
sum; indef. prn. Some. I. one of many, part of a whole, used substantively and (I) governing in the genitive (a) a noun or pronoun, cf. the Gothic use of sums :-- Wæs ic ðara monna sum I was one of the men, Chart. Th. 170, 7. Mé tó aldorbanan weorðeþ wráðra sum, Cd. Th. 63, 18; Gen. 1034. Ðé wile beorna sum him geágnian, 109, 26; Gen. 1828. Ðæt is wundra sum ðara ðe geworhte wuldres aldor, 155, 14; Gen. 2572: 199, 28; Exod. 345: 200, 15; Exod. 357. Wæs Seón sum ðara kynincga, Ps. Th. 134, 11. Swá swá úre sum quasi unus ex nobis, Gen. 3, 22. Wæs hira Matheus sum, Andr. Kmbl. 22; An. 11. He cýþde on sumre his bóca, Bt. 18, 2; Fox 64, 9. Hí woldon cuman tó sumere ðara stówa, 34, 7; Fox 144, 9. Anlíc ðara his þegna sumum, 37, 1; Fox 186, 12. Fýr cymþ sume ðissa hærfesta (cf. the phrase some or one of these days), Wulfst. 205, 6. Manna cynnes sumne besyrwan, Beo. Th. 1430; B. 713. (b) a cardinal numeral, (α) one of a company containing the number :-- Iacob férde hundseofontigra sum omnes animae domus Jacob fuere septuaginta, Gen. 46, 27. Hé ácígde syfone ... eode eahta sum, Beo. Th. 6237; B. 3123. Hé twelfa sum hire áð sealde (secum acceptis undecim comparibus suis, p. 205), Chart. Th. 203, 2: L. Ath. i. 11; Th. i. 206, 3 note. (β) one with a company containing the number :-- Hannibal óþfleáh feówera sum Annibal cum quatuor equitibus confugit, Ors. 4, 10; Swt. 202, 16. Gange hé feówra sum tó and beó him fífta, L. Eth. ii. 4; Th. i. 286, 18. Hé com twelfa sum cum duodecim lectis militibus venientem, Bd. 3, 1; S. 523, 31. Wæs Agustinus feówertigra sum socii ejus viri ut ferunt ferme quadraginta, 1, 25; S. 486, 23. Com seofona sum (cf. ðæt deófol genam mid him óþre seofon deóflo, St. And. 18, 7), Andr. Kmbl. 2623; An. 1313. Gewát xii-a sum ... se wæs on ðam ðreáte þreotteóða secg, Beo, Th. 4793; B. 2401. Fífténa sum (cf. 3287; B. 1641, where Beowulf's companions, after one has been slain, are said to be fourteen), Beo. Th. 420; B. 207. (γ) uncertain :-- Ðæt hé syxa sum ofslóge syxtig, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 18, 7. (2) followed by of :-- Sumne of ðám wítegum unum de prophetis, Mk. Skt. 8, 28. Ðá geneálǽhton sume of Saducéum, Lk. Skt. 20, 27. (3) where the whole, of which the object denoted by sum is part, is to be inferred from the context :-- Sigon ðá tó slǽpe: sum (one of the sleepers) sáre angeald ǽfenreste, Beo. Th. 2507; B. 1251. Habbaþ wé micel ǽrende ne sceal ðǽr dyrne sum (any of the errands) wesan, 548; B. 271. Sumne (one of the creatures on the mere) Geáta leód feores getwǽfde, 2869; B. 1432. Sume (some of the thanes) ðǽr bidon, 806; B. 400. (4) where the word is quite indefinite, some one :-- Sum tó lyt hafaþ, Salm. Kmbl. 688; Sal. 343. Ic sceal swelgan of sumes bósme, Exon. Th. 395, 30; Rä. 15, 15. (5) where two members or two classes of the same group, or two parts of the same whole, are contrasted, one ... another, some ... some :-- Ðonne lufaþ sum ðæt sum elles hwæt one loves that, another something else, Bt. 33, 2; Fox 122, 24. Hí gaderodon sum máre sum læsse alius plus, alius minus, Ex. 16, 17. Eorle monigum Dryhten áre gesceáwaþ, sumum weána dǽl, Exon. Th. 379, 17; Deór. 34. Sum heó hire on handum bær, sum hire æt heortan læg, Cd. Th. 40, 8-9; Gen. 636. Ánra gehwylc hæfþ syndrige gyfe fram Gode sume furðor ðonne some alius sic, alius vero sic, R. Ben. 64, 10. Sume hí beóton sume hí ofslógon quosdam caedentes, alias uero occidentes, Mk. Skt. 12, 5. Sió ungelícnes hira gearnunga hié tiéhþ sume behindan sume, Past. 17; Swt. 107, 20. (6) where a series of individuals or of groups or of parts is enumerated :-- Sum feóll wið ðone weg ... sum feóll ofer stánscyligean ... sum feóll on þornas ... sum feóll on gód land; án brohte þrítigfealdne, sum syxtigfealdne, sum hundfealdne, Mk. Skt. 4, 4-8: Exon. Th. 42, 6-30; Cri. 668-680. Is se finta ... sum brún, sum basu, sum splottum beseted, 218, 17; Ph. 296. Ánum hé sealde fíf pund, sumum twá, sumum án, Mt. Kmbl. 25, 15. Ðá sende hé his þeów ... hé sende óðerne ... eft hé sumne sende, Mk. Skt. 12, 2-5. Sume hí sǽdon ðæt hió sceolde forsceoppan tó león ... sume sceoldan bión eforas ... sume wurdon tó wulfan ... sume wurdon tó ðam deórcynne ðe mon hátte tigris, Bt. 38, 1; Fox 194, 32 sqq.: 34, 7; Fox 144, 7-9: Mt. Kmbl. 16, 14. II. as an adjective (i) with a noun with or without a qualifying adjective, a certain, some, see also (5) :-- Sum man (homo quidam) hæfde twegen suna, Lk. Skt. 15, 11. Sum ǽgleáw man quidam legis peritus, 10, 25. Sum wítega of ðám ealdum, 9, 19: Bd. 3, 2; S. 524, 39. Ðeáh sum broc and sumu wiðerweardnes hiera forwiernþ, Past. 50; Swt. 391. 35. Wæs him gegearwod sum heard harmscearu, Cd. Th. 28, 7; Gen. 432. Sum wæs ǽhtwelig æþeles cynnes ríce geréfa, Exon. Th. 243, 29; Jul. 18. On his heortan cwæð unhýdig sum dixit insipiens in corde suo. Ps. Th. 52, 1. Sumes hundredmannes þeówa, Lk. Skt 7, 2. Sumes þinges wana, Bt. 34, 9; Fox 146, 18. Weorð forhwerfed ǽlc tó sumum dióre, 38, 1; Fox 196, 3. Hé com tó sumre stówe, Gen. 28, 11. For sumere twýrǽdnesse on cwertern ásend, Lk. Skt. 23, 19. (1 a) where two members of the same group are contrasted (some ... other) :-- Sume tunglu habbaþ scyrtran hwyrft, ðonne sume habban, Bt. 39, 3; Fox 214, 17. Sume láreówas sindon beteran ðonne sume, Homl. Th. ii. 48, 16. (2) with a pronoun where later English would use some of :-- Hé gebád mid sumum ðæm fultume, Ors 3, 10; Swt. 140, 20. Lǽfdon hig hit sume quidam ex eis, Ex. 16, 20. Sume hí gelýfdon on deáde entas, Homl. Th. i. 366, 21. Sume gé (quidam ex vobis) ne gelýfaþ, Jn. Skt. 6, 64. Sume ða bóceras quidam de scribis, Mt. Kmbl. 12, 38. Ða téð hié brohton sume, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 18, 1. Ða sume wé nú gýmdon, Bd. 4, 7; S. 574. 27. (3) with oðer :-- Sum óðer wítega, Homl. Th. i. 364, 18. Hé nales tó ídelnysse swá sume óþre ac tó gewinne on ðæt mynster eode, Bd. 4, 3; S. 567, 27. (4) with words denoting measure, some as still used with numerals, one; the use of án, and in later English of the indefinite article with numerals, may be compared with this use of sum :-- 'Ásend him twá scrúd and sum pund.' Se ðegen him andwyrde: 'Genim feówer scrúd and twá pund, Homl. Th. i. 400, 19. Genim ðysse wyrte sumne (one) gripan, Lchdm. i. 184, 18. Ðá gegaderedon hí sum hund scipa, and fóron súð ymbútan and sum feówertig scipa norþ ymbútan, Chr. 894; Erl. 91, 4-6. Hié besǽton ðæt weorc útan, sume twegen dagas, Erl. 93, 9. Ðá wǽron hí sume tén geár on ðam gewinne, Bt. 38, 1; Fox 194, 7. Hý gán .xii. sume (twelfa sum, MS. B.), L. Ath. i. 11; Th. i. 206, 3. (4 a) where the number is indefinite, some :-- Ðá se Aulixes tó ðam gefiohte fór, ðá hæfde hé sume hundred scipa, Bt. 38, 1; Fox 194, 7. (5) adverbially or in adverbial phrases :-- Se biscop is þeáh geset sumes (in some degree) tó máran bletsunge ðonne se mæssepreóst sý, L. Ælfc. P. 36; Th. ii. 378, 20. Sumes onlíce swá velut, Exon. Th. 214, 21; Ph. 242: Met. 8, 47. Swíðe gelíce, sumes hwæðre þeáh ungelíce (cf. the corresponding prose on sumum þingum ungelíce, Bt. 33. 4; Fox 128, 26), 20, 54. Sió eorðe hit helt and be sumum dǽle swilgþ, Bt. 33, 4; Fox 130, 5: Met. 20, 96. Seó hæfþ sume dǽle (cf. som del in Chaucer) læssan leáf, Lchdm. i. 144, 13. Æt sumum cyrre once, on one occasion, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 17, 7: Cd. Th. 298, 25; Sat. 538. Sume síþe, Exon. Th. 20, 16; Cri. 318. Sumera ðinga eáðelícor in some respects easier, Homl. Th. i. 236, 11. [Goth. sums: O. Sax. O. Frs. O. H. Ger. sum: Icel. sumr.]
-sum an adjective suffix as in glad-some, win-some. [Goth. lustu-sams: O. Sax. O. H. Ger. lang-sam: Icel. frið-samr: O. Frs. hár-sum.] v. ang-, frem-, gehýr-, genyht-, lang-, lof-, luf-, sib-, wyn-sum as examples.
sumer (-or, -ur), es; dat. a, e; m. Summer :-- Feówer tída synd getealde on ánum geáre ... Aestas is sumor, Lchdm. iii. 250, 10. On ðone nygeþan dæg ðæs mónðes (May) biþ sumeres fruma. Se sumor hafaþ hundnygontig daga, Shrn. 83, 33. Sumor biþ sunwlitegost, Menol. Fox 473; Gn. C. 7. Beorht sumor, Cd. Th. 239, 23; Dan. 374. Sumer and winter; on sumera hit biþ wearm and on wintra ceald, Bt. 21; Fox 74, 23. Swá háttra sumor, swá mára ðunor and líget on geáre, Lchdm. iii. 280, 9. Gé witun ðæt sumor (-er, MSS. A. B. Lind. Rush.) ys gehende, Mt. Kmbl. 24, 32. Ǽr sumor on tún gá before summer come, Lchdm. iii. 6, 1. Yldum bringþ sigelbeorhte dagas sumor tó túne, Menol. Fox 176; Men. 89. Sumur, Exon. Th. 354. 58; Reim. 67. Ðonne on sumeres tíd sunne hátost scíneþ, 212, 12; Ph. 209. Ðú ðe ðám winterdagum selest scorte tída, and ðæs sumeres dahum langran, Bt. 4; Fox 8, 5. Swá hé in swoloþan middes sumeres wǽre quasi in mediae aestatis caumate, Bd. 3, 19; S. 549, 30. Wintres and sumeres in winter and in summer, Exon. Th. 200, 7; Ph. 37. Ic (the fowler) nelle fédan hig (the hawks) on sumera, forðamðe hig þearle etaþ, Coll. Monast. Th. 26, 9. Wiþ ðære sunnan hǽto on sumere, Bt. 34, 10; Fox 150, 9. Ðý sumera fór Ælfréd cyning út on sǽ, Chr. 875; Erl. 78, 5. Ðæs on sumera, 896; Erl. 94, 1. Ðý ilcan sumera, 897; Ed. 96, 14. Sumere, 885; Erl. 82, 25. Ofer ðone midne sumor (midne-sumor? cf. midne-dæg), 1006; Erl. 140, 5. Heó sý geworht ofer midne sumor, Lchdm. iii. 74, 11: Menol Fox 235; Men. 119. [O. Sax. O. H. Ger. sumar: O. Frs. sumur: Icel. sumar; n. (but earlier m.).] v. mid-, midde-, middan-sumer. See Grmm. D. M. c. 24.
sumer-hǽte, an; -hætu (o); indecl. or gen. e; f. Summer heat :-- Gif ðære stówe neód oþþe gedeorf oðþe sumerhǽte hwylces eácan behófige si loci necessitas uel labor aut ardor aestatis amplius poposcerit, R. Ben. 64, 17. For ðære sumorhǽte, Ors. 3, 9; Swt. 132, 31. [Cf. Icel. sumar-hiti.]
sumer-lǽcan; p. -lǽhte To draw near to summer :-- Wite gé ðæt hit sumorlǽhþ, Homl. Th. i. 614, 5.
sumer-lang; adj. Long as in summer, epithet of a day (cf. live-long) :-- Ic ásecgan ne mæg, þeáh ic gesitte sumerlongne dæg, eal þa earfeþu, Exon. Th. 272, 7; Jul. 495. Sumorlangne dæg, 443. 29; Kl. 37. Ðú wercest sumurlange dagas swíðe háte, Met. 4, 19. [O. Sax. thiu niguða tíd sumarlanges dages, Hel. 3422. M. H. Ger. sumer-lanc.]
sumer-líc; adj. Summer :-- Sumorlíc dæg aestivus dies, Wrt. Voc. i. 53, 28. Se sumerlíca sunnstede, Lchdm.iii. 250, 21. Mid ðære sumerlícan hǽtan, 252, 10. On sumerlícum tíman, Anglia xiii. 431, 939. [Eauer iliche sumerlich. Kath. 1663. O. H. Ger. sumac-líh aestivus: Icel. sumar-ligr.]
sumer-lida, an; m. [Lida, like the equivalent Icel. liði in sumar-liði, elsewhere refers to a single object, man or ship (v. lida, sǽ-, ýð-lida), but in the passage given below from the Chronicle seems to mean a fleet. Later in the same work liþ (q. v.), which seems taken from the Scandinavians, is used in this sense, e. g. ðæt lið ðæt on Sandwíc læg, 1052; Erl. 183, 40, can sumer-lida be intended to represent Norse sumar-lið? In one other place sumer-lida occurs, in company with words relating to the sea, and it there glosses malleolus; but here perhaps sumer-loda should be read, and malleolus be taken in the sense shoot, twig (see spæc); cf. O. H. Ger. sumar-lota, -lata virgultum, palmes. v. Anglia xiii. 330.] A summer fleet, one that sets forth in summer and returns in autumn :-- Æfter ðissum gefeohte cuom micel sumorlida (tó Reádingum, MS. E.), Chr. 871; Erl. 74, 35. [Steenstrup takes the word to mean a force moving from its quarters in England, and leaving women, children, and goods behind there; but if Asser may be trusted, the reinforcement was from abroad. He says: 'quo praelio peracto, de ultramarinis partibus alius paganorum exercitus societati se adjunxit.'] Sumerlida malleolus, hýdscip mioparo, mæstcyst modius, Wrt. Voc. ii. 59, 25-27.
sumer-rǽdingbóc; f. A lectionary for the summer :-- .ii. sumer-rǽdingbéc, Chart. Th. 430. 16. [Cf. Icel. sumar-bók.] v. rǽding-bóc.
Sumer-sǽte, -sǽtan; pl. The people or district of Somerset :-- Sumursǽtna se dǽl se ðǽr niéhst wæs ... Sumorsǽte alle and Wilsǽtan, Chr. 878; Erl. 80, 6-10. Mid Sumursǽtum, 845; Erl. 66, 21. On Dorsǽtum and on Sumærsǽton (Sumersǽtum, MS. C.), 1015; Erl. 152, 12. Ofer Sumersǽton and ofer Wealas, 1048; Erl. 180, 27. [He nom Sumersete, Laym. 21013. Dorsete and Wiltschire and Somersete also, R. Glouc. 3, 23.]
Sumersǽtisc; adj. Of Somerset :-- Defenisces folces and Sumorsǽtisces, Chr. 1001; Erl. 137, 11.
sumer-selde, an; f A summer-house :-- Selde proaula, i. domus coram aula, sumerselde zetas aestivales, Wrt. Voc. i. 57. 47. [Cf. Icel. sumarsetr a summer abode.]
súmness, e; f. Delay :-- Æfter monige ɫ longsum ɫ monigful súmnise (æfter micclum fæce, Rush.: fyrste, W. S.) post multum, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 25, 19. [Cf. O. H. Ger. súmig negligens; súmheit tardatio, negligentia: Ger. säumniss delay, stay; säumen to stay; säumig tardy.]
sumsende humming, sounding (of falling rain) :-- Hí (the storm-clouds) feallan lǽtaþ sweart sumsendu (suinsendu? v. swinsian) seáw of bósme, wǽtan of wontbe, Exon. Th. 385, 19; Rä. 4, 47. [Ger. summen, sumsen to hum, buzz.]
sumur, sun-, suna. v. sumer, sunn-, sunu.
sund sound. v. an-, on-, ge-sund. [Sand, Ps. Th. 67, 20, is an error for ge-sund.]
sund, es; n. I. power of swimming :-- Hé sealde ðám fixum sund and ðám fugelum fliht, Homl. Th. i. 16, 7: Hexam. 8; Norm. 14, 10. Dol biþ se ðe gǽþ on deóp wæter, se ðe sund nafaþ, ne gesegled scip, Salm. Kmbl. 449; Sal. 225. [Heore (fishes) sund is awemmed, Laym. 21326.] II. the act of swimming :-- Hé on holme wæs sundés ðe sǽnra, Beo. Th. 2876; B. 1436. Hé ðé æt sunde oferflát he beat you at swimming, 1039; B. 517. Hé mid sunde (cf. Icel. með sundi) ða eá oferfaran wolde, Ors. 2, 4; Swt. 72, 29. Apollonius becom mid sunde tó Pentapolim, Ap. Th. 11, 6. Hié on sunde (cf. Icel. á sundi) tó ðære byrig fóron, Nar. 10, 28: Beo. Th. 3240; B. 1618. Ðú ðe wið Brecan wunne on sídne sǽ ymb sund flite thou that didst strive with Brecan on the wide sea, didst contend in the matter of swimming, 1019; B. 507. Flód on sund (cf. Icel. á sund) áhóf earce from eorðan, Cd. Th. 83, 32; Gen. 1388. III. sea, water :-- Streámas wundon, sund wið sande, Beo. Th. 431; B. 213. Ðá wæs sund liden then was the sea passed, 452; B. 223. Se stán tógán, streám út áweóll ... sund grunde onféng, Andr. Kmbl. 3055; An. 1530. Sund unstille, Exon. Th. 338, 14; Gn. Ex. 78. Swelaþ sǽfiscas sundes getwǽfde (the ocean having been dried up by the heat), 61, 20; Cri. 987. Wǽglíþende setlaþ sǽmearas sundes æt ende by the shore (or at the end of their swimming(?)), 361, 6; Wal. 15. Ic on sunde áwóx ufan ýþum þeaht, 392, 6; Rä. 11, 3. Sǽmearas sunde getenge, Elen. Kmbl. 456; El. 228. Of nihtes sunde, Salm. Kmbl. 675; Sal. 337. Hié on sund (the Red Sea) stigon, Cd. Th. 198, 8; Exod. 319: Beo. Th. 1029; B. 512. Ðone ðe grund and sund, eorðan and hreó wǽgas, salte sǽstreámas ámearcode, Andr. Kmbl. 1494; An. 748. Hwá ðam sǽflotan sund wísode who acted as pilot for the vessel, 762; An. 381: 976; An. 488. [Fiss on sund (watir, Trin. MS.); C. M. 621. Icel. sund swimming; a sound: Dan. Swed. sund a sound, strait.] v. syndig.
sund-búend, es; m. A sea-dweller, but the word, which occurs only in the plural, is used for men, mankind; cf. fold-búend:--Saturnus ðone sundbúende héton, hæleþa bearn, Met. 26, 48. Ðone Saturnus sundbúende hátaþ (cf. stiorran ðe wé hátaþ Saturnes steorra, Bt. 36, 2; Fox 174, 12), 24, 21. Hí (acc.) ne gesáwon sundbúende (cf. Hí (the people of the golden age) hió (acc.) nánwuht ne gesáwon, Bt. 15; Fox 48, 5), 8; 13. Ðæs ðe ǽfre sundbúend (men) secgan hýrdon, Exon. Th. 5, 22; Cri. 73. Ðæt ásecgan sundbúendum, 14, 19; Cri. 221.
sund-corn, es; n. Saxifrage; saxifraga granulata:--Sundcorn saxifraga, Wrt. Voc. i. 30, 55: 79, 25. Sundcorn. Ðeós wyrt ðe man saxifragam and óþrum naman sundcorn nemneþ. . . . Wið ðæt stánas on blǽdran wexen, genim ðás wyrte, Lchdm. i. 212, 7-11 (see the plate at the beginning of the volume). Sundcornes leáf, ii. 342, 9. Gif men weaxan stánas on ðære blǽdran, wyl sundcorn on ealaþ, 320, 6. Genim neogon piporcorna, fífténe sundcorn (saxifragia), iii. 18, 13.
sund-deáw (?), a plant name, rosemary:?-Sundeáw (=sund-deáw? v. sund, II) rosmarinus, Wrt. Voc. i. 68, 77. Sundew remains as a name for drosera rotundifolia, v. E. D. S. Pub., Plant Names.
sund-flite, Beo. Th. 1019; B. 507. v. sund, II.
sund-gebland, es; n. The water's mingling, used of the mere into which Beowulf plunged:--Se ðe meregrundas mengan scolde, sécan sundgebland, Beo. Th. 2904; B. 1450. Cf. ýð-gebland.
sund-gird, e; f. A rod to measure the depth of water, a sounding-pole:?-Sundgyrd bolis (GREEK sounding-lead], Wrt. Voc. i. 63, 67: bolidis, 57, 7. Sundgerd in scipe vel metráp bolides, ii. 102, 14. Sundgyrd on scipe vel metráp bolidis, 126, 46: 11, 17. Cf. sund-líne, -ráp.
sund-helm, es; m. A water-covering, the sea which covers:?-Mec sundhelm þeahte and mec ýþa wrugon, Exon. Th. 488, 4; Rä. 76, 1. Ic sundhelme ne mæg losian, 382, 13; Rä. 3, 10.
sund-hengest, es; m. A sea-horse, a ship:?-Ceólum líðan, sundhengestum, Exon. Th. 53, 20; Cri. 853. Sǽlan sundhengestas, ealde ýðmearas, 54, 4; Cri. 863.
sund-hwæt; adj. Active in swimming:?-Sǽfisca cynn swimmaþ sundhwate, ðǽr se swéta stenc út gewítaþ (-eþ?), Exon. Th. 363, 21; Wal. 57.
sund-lida (Th.), -liden (Grn.), Beo. Th. 452; B. 223. v. sund, III.
sund-líne, an; f. A sounding-line:?-Sundlíne cataprorates (cataprorates linea cum massa plumbea qua maris altitudo tentatur, Migne), Wrt. Voc. i. 53, 8: 63, 66. Cf. sund-gird, -ráp.
sund-mere, es; m. A place for swimming:?-On sund mere in natatario, Wrt. Voc. ii. 46, 50.
sundness. v. on- (an-) sundness.
sund-nytt, e; f. The employment of swimming:?-Beówulf sundnytte dreáh Beowulf swam, Beo. Th. 4710; B. 2360.
sundor (-er, -ur); adv. I. apart, aloof, by one's self, separately:?-Ne scealt ðú sunder beón from ðínum geférum on Ongelcyricean tua fraternitas seorsum fieri non debet a clericis suis in ecclesia Anglorum, Bd. 1, 27; S. 489, 11. Geseah se cyning heora sacerdas sundor stondon (seorsum consistere), 2, 2; S. 503, 38. Hé gesæt him sundor æt rúne, Exon. Th. 293. 3; Wand. 111: Andr. Kmbl. 2324; An. 1163. Gebærne wulfes ceácan and ða téþ sundor burn the teeth by themselves, Lchdm. ii. 102, 13. Se Hǽlend genam his twelf þegnas sundor of ðæm weorode, Blickl. Homl. 15, 7. Sundor ácígan to call aside, Elen. Kmbl. 1203; El. 603. II. severally, each by himself:?-Sundor ánra gehwilc herige ðec let each one severally praise thee, Cd. Th. 239, 15; Dan. 370. Féran sceal sundor ánra gehwæs sáwl of líce, Exon. Th. 191, 24; Az. 93. Swá monig beóþ men ofer eorþan, swá beóþ módgeþoncas; ǽlc him hafaþ sundor sefan (sundor-sefan?), 344, 5; Gn. Ex. 169. Heó wile gesécan sundor ǽghwylcne feorhberendra, 420, 18; Rä. 40, 5: Salm. Kmbl. 130; Sal. 64. III. in a manner different from others:?-Ilco ðoht óðer suindir áurát eundem sensum alius aliter expressit, Mt. Kmbl. p. 3, 5. IV. in a way that separates, asunder:?-Sundur gedǽlan líf wið líce to part asunder life from body, Beo. Th. 4836; B. 2422. Seó cwén bebeád cræftum getýde sundor ásécean ða sélestan (to pick out the best workmen), Elen. Kmbl. 2035; El. 1019: 813; El. 407. [Goth. sundró: O. Sax. sundar(-or): O. H. Ger. suntar: Icel. sundr.] v. on-sundrum.
sundor-anweald, es; m. Single authority, monarchy:?-Sunderanweald monarchia, Engl. Stud. xi. 66, 54. [O. H. Ger. suntar-walt monarchia.]
sundor-cræft, es; m. A special power or art, one possessed or exercised by an individual or a class:?-Ða rícan on ðam woruldwelan nabbaþ nǽnne sundorcræft, Bt. 27, 2; Fox 98, 7. Seó wiht sundorcræft hafaþ, Exon. Th. 420, 14; Rä. 40, 3. Ðæt hý sundorcræfta sumne eác cunne that each have some craft of his own that he knows, L. I. P. 9; Th. ii. 314, 29. Sió gesceádwísnes is se sélesta sundorcræfta reason is the best of distinguishing faculties (as being the faculty peculiar to man; cf. hió is synderlíc cræft ðære sáwle, Bt. 33, 4; Fox 132, 10), Met. 20, 203.
sundor-cýþþ[u]; f. Special, private knowledge or acquaintance, intimacy:?-Riht is ðæt mynecena ǽnige sundorcýþþe tó woruldmannum nabban, L. I. P. 15; Th. ii. 322, 34.
sundor-feoh; n. Private property, private estate:?-Mín sundorfeoh on ðam neoþeran Hysseburnan, Chart. Th. 488, 10.
sundor-freódóm, es; m. A special immunity, a privilege:?-Mid andweardum apostolícum sunderfreódómum cum praesentibus apostolicis privilegiis (153, 10), Cod. Dip. B. i. 155, 17: 154, 22. v. next word.
sundor-freóls, es; m. A special immunity, a privilege:?-On ðissum sunderfreólse priuilegio, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 349, 26. Ðysne mínne sunderfreóls hoc nostrum priuilegium, 350, 12, 16, 32. v. preceding word.
sundor-gecynd a peculiar nature:?-Hé hafaþ sundorgecynd, Exon. Th. 357, 18; Pa. 30.
sundor-genga, an; m. One who goes by himself:?-Sum fearhrýþer ðæs óþræs ceápes geférscipe oferhogode, and him gewunode ðæt hé wæs geond ðæt wésten sundorgenga, Blickl. Homl. 199, 5. Cf. án-genga.
sundor-geréfland, es; n. Land reserved to the jurisdiction of a geréfa (?):--On ðæm sundorgeréflande in tribulano (in the same glossary in tribulanam is rendered in þa burh) territorio, Wrt. Voc. ii. 45, 4. Cf.:--Æylmer habbe þat lond at Stonham þe ic hym er to hande let to reflande. And ic an Godric mine reue at Waldingfeld þa þritti acre ðe ic hym er to hande let, Chart. Th. 570, 34. See also geréf-mǽd.
sundor-gifu, e; f. A special gift or grace, prerogative, privilege:?-For ðære sundorgife ðe him God sealde gumena ríce, Cd. Th. 254, 4; Dan. 606. Wé swylc ne gefrugnan ǽfre gelimpan, ðæt ðú in sundurgiefe swylce befénge, Exon. Th. 6, 6; Cri. 80. God monnum syleþ sundorgiefe God gives to each man a special gift, 293, 22; Crä. 5. Sindergife privilegium, Hpt. Gl. 466, 76. Ǽlc cræft hæfþ his sundorgife and ða gife and ðone weorþscipe ðe hé hæfþ hé forgifþ ǽlcum ðara ðe hine lufaþ inest dignitas propria virtuti, quam in eos, quibus fuerit adjuncta, transfundit, Bt. 27, 2; Fox 96, 30. Sundorgife prerogativa, Wrt. Voc. ii. 66, 37. Syndergyfa, Hpt. Gl. 468, 53. [O. H. Ger. suntar-gepa.]
sundor-hálga, an; m. A Pharisee, (but in one passage it seems to mean) a scribe:?-Twegen men . . . án wæs sunderhálga, and óðer wæs openlíce synful, Homl. Th. ii. 428, 3: 420, 34: 422, 3. Bóceras and sunderhálgan, Scint. 203, 3. Ða Fariséiscan and sundorhálgan (scribes) hine tó deáðe fordémdon, H. R. 9, 28. Manega ðæra sunderhálgena (Pharisaeorum), Mt. Kmbl. 3, 7. Ðæra wrítera and sundorhálgena, 5, 20. Sunderhálgena, Homl. Th. ii. 216, 26. Ða wǽron of sundorhálgon, Jn. Skt. 1, 24. [Þa sunderhalʒe and þa bocere, O. E. Homl. i. 245, 3. Cf. O. H. Ger. sundir-lebin pharisaei.]
sundor-irfe, es; n. A private inheritance:?-Eal ðæt se rinca baldor sinces áhte oððe sundoryrfes, Judth. Thw. 26, 22; Jud. 340. Wilsumne regn wolcen brincgeþ and ðonne áscádeþ God sundoryrfe pluviam voluntariam segregabis, Deus, haereditati tuae, Ps. Th. 67, 10.
sundor-land, es; n. Separate land, an estate belonging to particular persons(?):--Tó hira sundorlande ad prediolum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 3, 51. Sundorland predia, 66, 75. The word occurs in an enumeration of boundaries, and Kemble explains it there as 'land set apart for special purposes':--Æfter ðære strǽte be ðære wællan on Sunderlond, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 118, 20.
sundor-líc; adj. Special, peculiar:?-Ðám is sundorlíc sang tó singanne singulariter canticum cantare, Past. 52, 7; Swt. 409, 10. [O. H. Ger. suntar-líh singularis.] v. synder-líc.
sundorlíce; adv. Apart, separately:?-Sundurlíce seorsum, Mk. Skt. Lind. 7, 33. v. synderlíce.
sundor-líf, es; n. A private life:?-Hé sundorlíf (vitam privatam) and munuclíf wæs foreberende eallum ðám weolum ðæs eorþlícan ríces, Bd. 4, 11; S. 579, 7.
sundor-lípe. v. synder-lípe, and next word.
sundor-lípes; adv. Separately, severally, specially:?-Sunderlípes sequestratim, diverse, alternatim, Hpt. Gl. 411, 18. Sunderlípas separatim, singulariter, 438, 40. [Weren þas þreo laʒe gewriten inne þa oðre tablebreode sunderlipes written separately on the one table (of stone), O. E. Homl. i. 11, 32. Þu hauest iseið of euch a setnesse sunderlepes of each order separately, 261, 33. He cumeð to elch man sunderlupes, ii. 5, 15. Ich habbe sunderliche (sunderlepes, MS. C.) ispeken of þeos þreo limes, A. R. 90, 5. Cf. Ðe almisse þe mon deð sunderlípe (specially) for to quemen ure drihten, O. E. Homl. i. 137, 18. O. Frs. sunder-lépis specially.] v. synder-lípes.
sundor-mǽd; f. A separate, private meadow:?-Seó méd ðe ðártó gebyreþ wið Hummingtún seó his sunderméd, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 354, 30.
sundor-mǽlum; adv. Singly, separately; singillatim, Anglia xiii. 380, 217.
sundor-notu, e; f. A special office:?-Gif ceorl geþeáh ðæt hé hæfde sundornote on cynges healle, L. R. 2; Th. i. 190, 17. v. next-word.
sundor-nytt, e; f. A special office, employment, or use:?-Ǽlc hæfþ sundornytte (sunder-, Hatt. MS.) per officium diversa sunt, Past. 34. 3; Swt. 232, 4. Hæfde Hróðgár seleweard áseted; sundernytte beheóld ymb aldor Dena, eóten weard ábeád, Beo. Th. 1339; B. 667. v. preceding word.
sundor-riht, es; n. A special right, right peculiar to a class:?-Rómwara sundorriht jus Quiritum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 49, 11. Weala sunderriht, i. 20, 64.
sundor-seld, es; n. A special seat, a seat that stands apart, a throne:?-Ðæt hé sundurseld wuldres nimeþ ut solium gloriae teneat, Ps. Surt. ii. p. 186, 27.
sundor-setl, es; n. A residence apart, a hermitage:?-Hé ongan wilnian wéstenes and sundersetle[s?]. . . Hé leornode be ðám ancerum ðe on wéstene and on sundorsettlum heora líf leofodon, Guthl. 2; Gdwin. 18, 20-24. Hé his fultum tó ðam sundorsetle sóhte, 3; Gdwin. 24, 2.
sundor-sprǽc, e; f. I. where a single person speaks privately with one or more, private speech, a private conversation:?-Nero cwæð: 'Sege mé, Petrus, on sundorsprǽce, hwæt ðú ðence,' Homl. Th. i. 376, 27. Swá swá him (Moses) God silf dihte on heora sundersprǽce, Ælfc. T. Grn. 3, 14. Cornelius Asina gefór tó Hannibale tó sundorsprǽce ad colloquium, Ors. 4, 6; Swt. 172, 7. Ðá nam Eugenia hí on sundorsprǽce, Homl. Skt. i. 2, 48. Ðá clypode Herodes ða ðrý tungelwítegan on sundersprǽce, Homl. Th. i. 78, 17. Ðætte hé hæbbe his sundorsprǽce mid ðǽm bilwitum cum simplicibus sermocinatio ejus, Past. 35, 4; Swt. 243, 16. Hý (Hannibal and Scipio) hiera sundorsprǽce (colloquium) tó unsibbe brohton, Ors. 4, 10; Swt. 202, 12. II. where many speak in private, a private conference, council:?-Hí cómon ealle tósomne tó heora sundersprǽce, Homl. Th. ii. 250, 9.
sundor-stów, e; f. A separate place, a place set apart for a particular object:?-Ǽlcum ðara ðú gesettest his ágene sunderstówe, Bt. 33, 4; Fox 128, 30.
sundor-weorþung, e; f. Special honour, prerogative, privilege:?Heó (St. Michael's church) nalles on goldes wlite and on seolfres ne scíneþ, ac on sundorweorþunge þurh godcundra mægen heó gewuldrad stondeþ, Blickl. Homl. 197, 9. Sundorweorðunge prerogativam, Wrt. Voc. ii. 65, 75. v. synder-weorþmynt.
sundor-wine, es; m. A special friend, an intimate friend:?-Ne áswíc sundorwine, ac á symle geheald rihtum gerisnum, Exon. Th. 301, 34; Fä. 29.
sundor-wís; adj. Specially, singularly wise:?-Ǽnne giddum gearu-snottorne . . . ðone hié ðære cwéne ágéfon, sægdon hine sundorwísne, Elen. Kmbl. 1172; El. 588.
sundor-wundor, es; n. A special wonder, that which especially excites wonder:?-Mé fród wita sægde sundorwundra fela, Exon. Th. 313, 19; Mód. 2.
sund-plega, an; m. Play in the water:?-Se tíreádga (the Phenix) twelf síþum hine bibaþaþ . . . siþþan hine sylfne æfter sundplegan hefeþ on heánne beám, Exon. Th. 205, 12; Ph. 111. Se hærnflota (the ship) æfter sundplegan (its journey across the sea) sondlond gespearn, 182, 10; Gú. 1308.
sund-ráp, es; m. A sounding line:?-Sundgyrd in scipe oððe [sund-] ráp, i. metráp bolidis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 11, 17. v. sund-gird.
sund-reced, es; n. A sea-house, a term for the ark:--Ðú (Noah) seofone genim on ðæt sundreced túdra gehwylces, Cd. Th. 80, 28; Gen. 1335.
sundrian; p. ode To sunder, separate. [Scheaden þe eilen urom þe clene cornes, þet is, sundren god from vuele, A. R. 270, 28. Marie and Marthe weren sustren, auh hore lif sundrede, 414, 12. Nan ne met sundrin from oðere, Kath. 1776. To sundren and mengen, Gen. and Ex. 468. O. H. Ger. suntarón: Icel. sundra.] v. á-, ge-, on-, tó-sundrian; syndrian.
sund-wudu, a; m. A ship:?-Sum mæg fromlíce ofer sealtne sǽ sundwudu drífan, Exon. Th. 42, 24; Cri. 677: Beo. Th. 421; B. 208: 3817; B. 1906.
sunna, an; m. The sun:?-Sóna eode sunna up, Gen. 32, 31: Ps. Th. 148, 3. Sunne (-a, MS. J.), Ælfc. Gl. Zup. 297, 7. Sunna and móne, Nar. 28, 20. Ðæs sunnan ásprungnis oðþe ðære mónan, 28, 10. [The word is usually feminine in the Teutonic dialects, but masculine forms are found in Goth. sunna: O. Sax. O. H. Ger. sunno.] v. sunne.
Sunnan-ǽfen, es; m. The evening before Sunday:?-On Sunnan-ǽfen dominica uespera, Anglia xiii. 396, 447. Gif esne ofer dryhtnes hǽse wyrce an Sunnan-ǽfen efter hire setlgange óð Mónan-ǽfenes setlgang, L. Wih. 9; Th. i. 38, 19. Hí lǽddon hine tó hiora hústinge on ðone Sunnan-ǽfen, Chr. 1012; Erl. 146, 34. [Giester sunneue, Chart. Th. 437, 18.] [O. H. Ger. sunnún áband vesper sabbati: Ger. Sonnabend.]
sunnan-corn gromel; lithospermon officinale, Lchdm. i. 314, 18; see the remark in Lchdm. ii. 407, col. 1.
Sunnan-dæg, es; m. Sunday:?-Iúdagum Romani and eác Angli gehálgedon on ðisra tungla gemynde heora dagas, and ðæne forman dæg hig héton Sunnandæg, forðan heó ys ealra tungla wlitegost, and se dæg wæs ealra daga fyrmest on heora dagum, and nú ys on úrum tíman, Gode lof ealles, Anglia viii. 321, 4-7. On ánum ðara restedaga se nú Sunnandæg is nemned una Sabbati quae nunc Dominica dies dicitur, Bd. 3, 17; S. 545, 30. Dómes dæg . . . se hálgesta Sunnandæg ... ðý dæge blissiaþ ða ðe Sunnandæges freóls heóldan, Wulfst. 244, 14-19. Ǽghwelce Sæternes dæg and Sunnan, Shrn. 88, 33: Lchdm. iii. 228, 4. Crist árás of deáðe on ðone Eásterlícan Sunnandæg, Homl. Th. i. 216, 33. Men ne móton baðian Sunnandagum, L. Ecg. C. 35; Th. ii. 160, 27. Gif wé ða six Sunnandagas of ádóþ, Wulfst. 284, 4. ¶ The observance of the Sunday was enjoined by the laws. The time that had to be so observed was according to Wihtræd's Laws from sunset on Saturday to sunset on Sunday:--Gif esne wyrce an Sunnanæ-acute;fen efter hire setlgange óð Mónanæ-acute;fenes setlgang, 9; Th. i. 38, 19; but later the time seems to have been extended, and to be from 3 on Saturday until dawn on Monday:--Healde man æ-acute;lces Sunnandæges freólsunga fram nóntíde ðæs Sæternes-dæges óþ ðæs Mónan-dæges líhtinge, L. Edg. i. 5; Th. i. 264, 18: L. Ælfc. C. 36; Th. ii. 362, 1: Wulfst. 231, 9. During this time servile and free were forbidden to work under various penalties, the latter being liable even to a loss of freedom, L. In. 3; Th. i. 104, 6: L. E. G. 7; Th. i. 170, 15; the servile to a fine or to corporal punishment, ib.; and see L. Wih. 9-11; Th. i. 38, 18: L. C. S. 45; Th. i. 402, 13; in general terms it is said:--[Ealra] Woroldlícra weorca on ðam hálgan dæge geswíce man georne, L. Eth. vi. 22; Th. i. 320, 12: L. C. E. 15; Th. i. 368, 18. The only exception is the preparation of food:--Nán weoruldweorc, búton mon his mete gearwige, L. E. I. 24; Th. ii. 420, 22. In case of necessity, however, and under certain conditions, travelling was allowed:--Gif hwam gebyrige ðæt hé nýde faran scyle, ðonne mót hé swá rídan, swá rówan, swá swilce færelde faran swylce tó his wege gebyrige, on ða gerád ðæt hé his mæssan gebýre and his gebedu ne forlæ-acute;te, ib. More specifically there are prohibitions of Sunday trading:--Sunnandæges cýpinge gif hwá ágynne, þolie ðæs ceápes and twelf órena mid Denum and .xxx. sci&l-bar;&l-bar;. mid Englum, L. E. G. 7; Th. i. 170, 15: L. Ath. i. 24; Th. i. 212, 15: L. Eth. v. 13; Th. i. 308, 11: of assemblies, except in case of extreme need:--Wé forbeódaþ æ-acute;lc folcgemót, búton hit for mycelre neódþearfe sí, L. C. E. 15; Th. i. 368, 17: L. Eth. v. 13; Th. i. 308, 10: vi. 44; Th. i. 326, 21: of hunting:--Huntaðfara geswíce man georne, L. Eth. vi. 22; Th. i. 320, 12: L. C. E. 15; Th. i. 368, 18; and compare the answer of the hunter in Ælfric's Colloquy:--Ic næs tódæg on huntnoðe, forðam Sunnandæg ys, Coll. Monast. Th. 22, 1: of legal proceedings, L. E. G. 9; Th. i. 172, 10-15. Theft on Sunday incurred a double fine, L. Ælf. pol. 5; Th. i. 64, 22-25. As to the religious observances connected with the day it is said:--Hit gedafenaþ ðæt gehwylce cristene men, ða þurhteón mágon, on Sæternesdæg cume tó cyrcean, and him leóht mid bringe, and ðæ-acute;r æ-acute;fen&dash-uncertain;sang gehýran and on úhtan ðone úhtsang, and on morgenne mid heora offrungum cuman tó ðære mæssan symbelnysse. And ðonne hig ðyder cumen, ne sý ðæ-acute;r nán fácn, ne næ-acute;nig geflytu, ne næ-acute;nig ungeþwæ-acute;rnes gehýred, ac smylte móde, æt ðære hálgan þénunge, æ-acute;gðer ge for hig sylfe ge for eal Godes folc þingien, æ-acute;gðer ge mid heora gebedum ge mid heora ælmessan; and æfter ðære hálgan þénunge him gehwá hám hwyrfe, and mid his freóndum and his nýhstum and mid ælðeódigum hine gástlíce gereordige, and hine wið oferæ-acute;t and druncennysse beorge, L. E. I. 24; Th. ii. 420, 32 sqq. [O. L. Ger. Sunnun-dag: Du. Zon-dag: O. H. Ger. Sunnún-tag: Ger. Sonn-tag: Icel. Sunnu-dagr.] v. Eáster-, Palm-Sunnandæg.
Sunnan-niht, e; f. The night between Saturday and Sunday:?-Ǽlcum gesinhíwum gebyreþ ðæt hig hyra clǽnnysse healdon ǽfre Sunnannihte (nocte diei Dominici), L. Ecg. P. ii. 21; Th. ii. 190, 18. His líc læg on byrgene ða Sæterniht and Sunnanniht . . . and hé árás of deáðe on ðone Eásterlícan Sunnandæg, Homl. Th. i. 216, 27-33. Se ðe stalaþ on Sunnanniht. . . oððe on ðone Hálgan Ðunresdæg, L. Alf. pol. 5; Th. i. 64, 22. Hú on Sunnannihtum nihtlíc wæcce tó healdenne sý. On Sunnandæge mon sceal hraðor árísan tó úhtsange, R. Ben. 35, 2: 42, 15: Wulfst. 305, 23.
Sunnan-úhta, an; m. The time before day-break on Sunday; as an ecclesiastical term the hour of matins on Sunday, or the service then held:?-'On Sunnandæg ðú cymst tó mé'. . . Se apostol on ðam Sunnanúhtan ǽrwacol tó ðære cyrcan com, Homl. Th. i. 74, 20. Gé sculon singan Sunnanúhtan, L. Ælfc. P. 44; Th. ii. 384, 4.
sunn-beám, es; m. A sun-beam:?-Ealle ða niht stód swylce beorht sunnbeám tota ea nocte columna lucis stabat, Bd. 3, 11; S. 535, 24: Homl. Skt. ii. 26, 184. Him gǽþ of se leóma swylce óðer sunnbeám, Lchdm. iii. 272, 5. Hwæt fremaþ ðam blindan seó beorhta sunbeám? Homl. Skt. i. 4, 275. Se rénboga cymþ of ðam sunbeáme and of wǽtum wolcne, Boutr. Scrd. 21, 26. v. sunne-beám.
sunn-bearu (-o), wes; m. A sunny grove:?-Sunbearo líxeþ, wuduholt wynlíc, Exon. Th. 199, 30; Ph. 33.
sunn-beorht; adj. Bright with the sunshine:?-Hé his cýþþu eft, sunbeorht gesetu séceþ contendit solis ad ortus, Exon. Th. 217, 10; Ph. 278: 228, 10; Ph. 436.
sunn-bryne, es; m. Sun-burn:?-Wiþ sunbryne, Lchdm. ii. 324, 16: 300, 30.
sunne, an (sunnu, Cd. Th. 286, 14; Sat. 352, and acc. sunne, 147, 11; Gen. 2437: O. Sax. O. L. Ger. have acc. sunna); f. I. the sun:?-On ðam feórðan dæge gesceóp God twá miccle leóht, ðæt is sunne and móna, and betǽhte ðæt máre leóht, ðæt is seó sunne, tó ðam dæge, Lchdm. iii. 234, 6-8. Seó sunne is micle ufor ðonne se móna sý, 242, 10. Seó sunne is swíðe mycel; eall swá brád heó is, ðæs ðe béc secgaþ, swá eall eorðan ymbhwyrft, 236, 6. Ðá (at the creation) wæs seó sunne seofon síðum beorhtre ðonne heó nú is, Shrn. 64, 19. Seó sunne (sunna, Lind.) byþ forsworcen, Mt. Kmbl. 24, 29. On sumera sunne scíneþ, Cd. Th. 233, 16; Dan. 276. Dæge sunnan die sabbati, Lk. Skt. Lind. 4, 16. I a. epithets or metaphors applied to the sun:--Háte scíneþ, blícþ ðeós beorhte sunne, Cd. Th. 50, 19; Gen. 811. Swegles gim, sunne, Exon. Th. 212, 13; Ph. 209. Goldtorht sunne, 351, 11; Sch. 78. Heofones gim, wyncondel wera, sweglbeorht sunne, 174, 33; Gú. 1187. Sunne swegeltorht, Andr. Kmbl. 2497; An. 1250. Æðele sunne, Ps. Th. 103, 21. Sunne, mǽre tungol, sió æþele gesceaft, Chr. 937; Erl. 13, 16. See also candel, tapor. I b. forms used of the sun's course:--Seó sunne gǽþ be Godes dihte betweox heofenan and eorðan, on dæg bufon eorðan and on niht under ðysse eorðan, eall swá feorr ádúne on nihtlícre tíde under ðære eorþan swá heó on dæg bufon up ástíhþ, Lchdm. iii. 234, 18-22. Ðonne sunne on setle sié, ii. 346, 10. Ǽr sunne tó setle code, Ex. 17, 12. Sunne setlgonges fús, Exon. Th. 174, 33; Gú. 1187. Sóna swá seó sunne sealte streámas heá oferhlifaþ, 206, 1; Ph. 120. Sunne gewát tó sete glídan, Andr. Kmbl. 2609; An. 1306. Sunne up on morgentíd glád ofer grundas. . . sió æþele gesceaft sáh tó setle, Chr. 937; Erl. 112, 13-17. Wé hátaþ ǽnne dæg fram sunnan upgang óð ǽfen; ac swá þeáh is on bócum geteald tó ánum dæge fram ðære sunnan upgange óð ðæt heó eft becume ðǽr heó ǽr upstáh, Lchdm. iii. 236, 1-5. Æfter sunnan setlgange, Gen. 28, 11: Ex. 22, 26. Æfter sunnan setlráde, Cd. Th. 184, 19; Exod. 109. II. used in phrases expressing exposure to the sun's heat or light, e. g. in or out of the sun :-- Gelicge upweard wið hátre sunnan let him lie on his back with his face turned towards a hot sun, Lchdm. iii. 2, 10. Dríge on hátre sunnan, ii. 30, 19. Ryslas eáfisca on sunnan gemylte, 30, 1. Hé sæt út on sunnan, Shrn. 61, 24. Ásete on háte sunnan, Lchdm. ii. 252, 9: Exon. Th. 407, 34; Rä. 27, 4. Þeah hine (the sick man) mon on sunnan lǽde, 340, 17; Gn. Ex. 112. II a. in the phrase under sunnan= in this world, cf. sublunary :-- Hié ǽfre geseón under sunnan, Andr. Kmbl. 2025; An. 1015. Ðæt hit wurde, ðæt on eorðan geond ðás wídan weoruld wǽren swelce under sunnan, Met. 8, 42. III. used metaphorically:--Seó sóþfæste sunne, Exon. Th. 237, 9; Ph. 587. Mín se swétesta sunnan scíma, Juliana, 252, 21; Jul. 166. [Goth. sunnó: O. Sax. O. L. Ger. O. H. Ger. Icel. sunna. In the Scandinavian languages the ordinary word is sól, sunna is poetical: Sól heitir með mönnum, en sunna með goðum.] v. sunna; swegel, II.
sunne-beám, es; m. A sun-beam :-- Hér æteówede cometa se steorra, and scán iii móuðas swilce sunnebeám, Chr. 678; Erl. 41, 5. v. sunn-beám.
sunn-feld, es or a; m. Elysium :-- Sunfeld Eliseum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 32, 8. Hwǽr wuniaþ Enoc und Helias? Ic ðé secge, Malifica and Intimphonis (in tempis?), ðæt is, on sunfelda and on sceánfelda, Salm. Kmbl. p. 202, 1. (v. scín-feld.) [O. H. Ger. sunna-velt Elysium.]
sunn-folgend a plant-name (rendering the Latin solisequia), heliotrope, Wrt. Voc. ii. 120, 71. v. sólsece.
sunn-gang, es; m. The course of the sun. v. next word.
sunn-ganges; adv. In the direction of the sun's movement, with the sun :-- Wende ðé ðonne iii sunganges, Lchdm. i. 400, 10. Bebeóde hé hine Gode geornlíce and hine gesénige, cyrre hine sungonges ymb, ii. 116, 9. To move with the sun was considered lucky, to move in the reverse direction unlucky; the latter method is consequently taken by witches in their ceremonies. So Spenser, 'She turned her contrary to the sunne . . . for she the right did shunne.' Cf. Icel. sólar-sinnis with the sun :-- Þeir höfðu gengit sólarsinniss um goðahús, Droplaugarsona Saga 11, 4. At sólu prosperously; and-sælis against the course of the sun; mostly used of witches or uncanny appearances:--Sá sauðamaðr Gró at hon gékk út, ok gékk andsælis um hus sín ok mælti erfitt mun verða at standa í mot giptu Ingimundarsona, Vatnsdæla Saga 59, 4. Cf. also Scotch witkershins, see the examples in Jamieson's Dictionary.
sunn-gihte, es; n. (?) A solstice :-- On ðone ylcan dæg (June 24) byþ solstitia, ðæt ys on úre geþeóde, sungihte, forðon ðe seó sunne standeþ on mydre lyfte. . . . Ðonne gelympeþ ðæt wundorlíce on ðæs sumeres sungihte on mydne dæg, ðonne seó sunne byþ on ðæs heofones mydle, ðonne nafaþ seó sýl (at Jerusalem) nǽnige sceade; ðonne ðæs sungihtes beóþ þrý dagas forð áurnen, ðonne hafaþ seó sýl ǽrest lytle sceade, Shrn. 95, 29-96, 3. Cf. gebed-giht; and see sunn-stede.
sunn-líc; adj. Solar :-- Ðæt sunlíce leóhtfæt lampas Titanea, Wrt. Voc. ii. 53, 24. On swá hwilcum sunlícum mónðe swá se móna geendaþ, Lchdm. iii. 250, 3. [O. H. Ger. sunna-líh.]
sunn-sceadu, we or e; f. A sun-shade, veil, covering to keep off the sun :-- Sunsceadu flammeolum (flameolum curchyfe, Wrt. Voc. i. 238, col. 2), Wrt. Voc. ii. 149, 6.
sunn-scín sun-shine (?the word glosses speculum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 90, 14). v. scín.
sunn-scíne; adj. Beautiful or splendid as the sun :-- Seó sunsciéne fǽmne, Exon. Th. 256, 9; Jul. 229.
sunn-set, es; n. The place where the sun sets, the west :-- From sunsete (sunnsett, Lind.) ab occasu, Lk. Skt. Rush. 12, 54. Sunset occidentem, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 24, 27. [Cf. Icel. sólar-seta, -setr sunset; sól-setr; n. pl. sunrise and sunset.]
sunn-stede, es; m. A solstice :-- Sumor hæfþ sunnstede . . . winter hæfþ óþerne sunnstede . . . Gǽþ seó sunne norðweard óð ðæt heó becymþ tó ðam tácne ðe is geháten Cancer, ðǽr is se sumerlíca sunnstede . . . seó sunne cymþ eft súð tó ðam winterlícan sunnstede, Lchdm. iii. 250, 10-24. Ða Gréciscan onginnaþ hyra geár æt ðam sunnstede, 246, 19. God sette twegen sunnstedas, ðæne ǽnne on .xii. kl. Ian. and ðone óðerne on .xii. kl. Iulii, Anglia viii. 299, 16. v. sunn-gihte.
sunn-treów (?). In Wrt. Voc. i. 291, 3 origia is glossed by suntreów. Cockayne suggests, oryza sum treów, Lchdm. iii. 346, col. 1.
sunn-wlitig; adj. Beautiful with the sun :-- Winter biþ cealdost, lencten hrímigost, sumor sunwlitigost, Menol. Fox 473; Gn. C. 7.
sunor (-er), e; f. A herd of swine, a sounder ('That men calleth a trip of a tame swyn is called of wylde swyn a soundre; that is to say, ʒif ther be passyd v. or vi. togedres.'--Halliwell's Dict.):--Wæs unfeor suner swína (suner berga, Lind. grex porcorum) etende. Ða deóful bédun hinae: 'send úsic in ðás sunrae (suner, Lind. gregem) swína.' . . . Eode all siu suner niþerweardes in sae, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 8, 30-32. Sunor . . . ðæt sunor, Lk. Skt. Lind. 8, 32, 33. [The word seems to be found in the Lombard sonar-pair, sonor-pahir verres qui omnes alios verres in grege batuit et vincit; see Grmm. Gesch. D. S. 483; Graff. 3, 202: and in the Frankish sonesti=duodecim equas cum admissario, aut sex scrovas cum verre, vel duodecim vaccas cum tauro, Grmm. Gesch. D. S. 383.]
sun-sunnu; m. A grandson :-- Gif his sunu and ðæs sunsunu, L. Wg. 11; Th. i. 188, 23.
sunu; gen. a, u; dat. a, u; n. pl. a, u, o: there are also weak forms sing. suna; n. pl. sunan; gen. sunena; m. I. a son :-- Mín se gecorena sunu (sune, Rush.), Mt. Kmbl. 3, 17. Sum man hæfde twegen suna (suno, Lind. Rush.) . . . ealle his þing gegaderude se gingra sunu (suno, Rush.), Lk. Skt. 15, 11, 13. Sunu Healfdenes, Beo. Th 1294; B. 645. Féng tó Beornica ríce Æþelfriþes suna, Bd. 3, 1; S. 523, 13. Swíþhelm, Seaxbaldes suna, 3, 22; S. 553, 42: 3, 24; S. 556, 26. Hwæðer hit sig ðínes suna, Gen. 37, 32. Word hiere suna, Elen. Kmbl. 443; El. 222: Exon. Th. 6, 34; Cri. 94. Heó ne gehýrde ná hyre leófan sunu stemne (but suna ll. 20, 24), Wulfst. 152, 16. Gif his sunu and his sunu sunu geþeóþ, L. Wg. 11; Th. i. 188, 10. Cyning ðe macode hys suna (sune, Lind.: sunu, Rush. filio) gyfta, Mt. Kmbl. 22, 2. Án mann hæfde twegen suna (sunu, Lind.: sunes, Rush.); ðá cwæð hé tó ðam yldran suna, 21, 28: Beo. Th. 4055; B. 2025. Ic fare tó mínum sunu, Gen. 37, 35: Exon. Th. 40, 8; Cri. 635. Wille ic ásecgan sunu Healfdenes, mǽrum þeódne, mín ǽrende, Beo. Th. 694; B. 344. Ic ðé forgife sunu, Gen. 17, 16. Heó sunu (suno, Rush.) cende, Lk. Skt. 1, 57. Sege ðæt ðás míne twegen suna (suno, Lind.: sunæ, Rush.) sittan . . ., Mt. Kmbl. 20, 21: Cd. Th. 93, 24; Gen. 1551. Suno, 97, 19; Gen. 1615. Sunu, 199, 1; Exod. 332: 199, 19; Exod. 341. Hé worn gestrýnde suna and dohtra, Cd. Th. 74, 13; Gen. 1221. Hwaet suna hæfde Adam? .xxx. sunena and .xxx. dohtra, Salm. Kmbl. p. 184, 31-32. Hwí sceal ic beón bedǽled ǽgðer mínra sunena on ánum dæge? Gen. 27, 45: Lev. 7, 32. Zebedéis sunena (suna, MS. A., Lind.: sunena, Rush.) módor mater filiorum Zebedaei, Mt. Kmbl. 27, 56. Sunana, p. 18, 14. Beód Aarone and his sunum, Lev. 6, 20. Mid sunum ðínum, Cd. Th. 78, 28; Gen. 1300. Heora bearn blótan feóndum, sceuccum onsæcgean suna and dohter, Ps. Th. 105, 27. Hire selfre sunu sweoloðe befæstan, bánfatu bærnan, Beo. Th. 2234; B. 1115. ¶ In expressions denoting degrees of descent:--Suna sunu nepos, neptis, þridda sunu pronepus, proneptis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 62, 35. Feórþa sunu abnepos, 4, 73: 8, 22. Fífta sunu adnepos, 8, 23. Suna sune vel bróðer sune nepos, feówerþe sune abnepos, fífte sune adnepos, sixte sune trinepos, i. 51, 71-77. Fæderan sunan patrueles, móddriau sunan matrueles, fæderon sunan fratres patrueles, 52, 1-4. II. used of animals:--Ðære myran sunu equae filius, Bd. 3, 14; S. 540, 30. Ðæs gores sunu the beetle, Exon. Th. 426, 11; Rä. 41, 72. [Goth. sunus: O. Sax. sunu (-o), pl. suni: O. L. Ger. sunu (-o), sun: O. Frs. sunu, sun, son; pl. acc. suna, sunar, sonen: O. H. Ger. sunu, sun; pl. suni: Icel. sonr; pl. sønir, synir, acc. sonu.] v. bisceop-, gást-, god-, hornung-, steóp-, sun-sunu.
sunu-cennicge (?) one who bears a son, a mother :-- Sunucenn genetrix, sunucennices genetricis, sunucennic genetricis, Rtl. 66, 23, 17, 11.
súpan; p. seáp, pl. supon; pp. sopen. I. to sup, to take [fluid] into the mouth :-- Gif hé ðæt broð sýpþ, Lchdm. ii. 336, 16. Hé sǽp (seáp, MSS. O. V.) of ðæm calice blód, Homl. Skt. i. 3, 162. Súp ðæt wós, Lchdm. i. 86, 17. Hrefnes fót wel on wíne, súp swá ðú hátost mǽge, ii. 50, 25: 56, 2: iii. 48, 2. Seóð on wíne, súpe hit swá wearm and healde on his múðe, i. 94, 20. Wyl on gáte meolce and súpe, ii. 100, 24. Þeáh ðú mid cuclere ðæt súpe, ðæt hylpþ, 184, 25. Genim fífleáfan seáw . . . syle him súpan, i. 86, 25, 28: 82, 23. Dó on swýþe gód beór, syle hyt him ðonne wlacu súpan, 196, 19. Hé gelǽhte ǽnne calic and sealde his gingrum of tó súpenne, Homl. Th. ii. 244, 14. Hé scóf on hálig wæter of ðam hálgan treówe, sealde ðam ádligan of tó súpenne, Homl. Skt. ii. 26, 264. II. used figuratively:--Ðeáh ic hine súpe, ic hine wille eft út áspíwan of mínum múðe, Past. 58; Swt. 447, 1. Ða ðe ne suppas deáð qui non gustabunt mortem, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 16, 28. Ne mé se seáð súpe mid múðe neque urgeat super me puteus os suum, Ps. Th. 68, 15. [To frete ar ful tyme were and þanne to sitten and soupen, Piers P. 2, 96. Soupe the lene broth, P. S. 324, 239. Soop up absorbuit, Wick. Apoc. 12, 16; sopen, pp., Ps. 123, 4. Me þoʒte Kaym tok Abelles blod and sop it op, Anglia i. 314, 473. Sowpone or sowpe sorbeo, absorbeo; sowpynge sorbicio, Prompt. Parv. 466, col. 2. [Du. zuipen to drink, quaff: O. H. Ger. súfan sorbere: Ger. saufen: Icel. súpa.] v. be-, ge-súpan; sopa, and next word.
súpe, an; f. (?) A sup, draught :-- Súpe nigon súpan, Lchdm. ii. 102, 16. v. sopa.
supe in ic supe sarcio, Wrt. Voc. i. 288, 50, read (?) súwe, v. seowian.
sur glosses lurco, Wrt. Voc. ii. 70, 41, read (?) siir. v. sígere, sýr.
súr; adj. Sour :-- Súr meolc oxygala, acidum lac, Wrt. Voc. i. 28, 2. Áwyl on súrum ealaþ, Lchdm. ii. 34, 15: 134, 10. Genim súrne æppel, 132, 15. Dó on súre flétan, 130, 12. Forgá súr and sealtes gehwæt, 56, 23. Genim súre cruman berenes hláfes, 134, 8. Wínberian súre geseón, iii. 212, 24. [O. H. Ger. súr: Icel. súrr.]
súre, an; f. Sorrel; rumex acetosa (v. E. D. S. Pub., Plant Names, for terms in which sour is used to denote this plant):--Súrae salsa, Txts. 98, 974. Súre, Wrt. Voc. i. 68, 54: saliunca, ii. 119, 64. Wiþ cancerádle, súre, sealt . . ., Lchdm. ii. 108, 9: 266, 16. Wensealf, cersan, súran, 128, 14. Genim monnes súran, 124, 19. See also geáces súre under geác. [Icel. súra: Dan. syre. Cf. Ger. sauer-ampfer.] v. wudu-súre.
súr-eágede, -égede; adj. Blear-eyed :-- Súreágede lippus, Wrt. Voc. i. 45, 57. Súrégede, 75, 43. Súreágede (-égede, MS. H.), Ælfc. Gr. 30; Zup. 192, 10. v. súr-íge.
Surfe, Surpe; pl. A Slavonic race inhabiting northern Germany; Latin forms are Sorabi, Soravi, Sorbi :-- Be norþaneástan Maroara (Moravia) sindon Dalamentsan . . . and be norþan Dalamentsan sindon Surpe, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 16, 20. Surfe, Swt. 16, 33.
súrian to sour. [O. H. Ger. súrén.] v. á-súrian.
súr-íge, -ége; adj. Blear-eyed :-- Gif mon súrége sié, Lchdm. ii. 2, 9: 36, 21. Ða súrígan eágan lippos oculos, Wrt. Voc. ii. 52, 55: 92, 22. [O. H. Ger. súr-ouger lippus, Grff. i. 123: Icel. súr-eygr; súrnar í augum the eyes smart from smoke; súr (applied to the eyes) bleared.] v. súr-eágede.
súr-milisc, -melsc; adj. Having a mixture of sour and sweet in taste :-- Apulder malus, súrmilsc apulder malus matranus, swéte apulder malomellus, Wrt. Voc. i. 32, 48. Ða mettas ðe strangunge mægen hæbben swá swá beóþ æppla nales tó swéte ac súrmelsce, Lchdm. ii. 176, 18.
súrness, e; f. Sourness :-- Súrnesse acredinis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 6, 1.
súsl, es; n.: e; f. Torment, (1) where the word is certainly neuter:--Se seáð ðæs sing[alan] súsles, Nar. 50, 23. Súsles þegnum, Exon. Th. 275, 30: Jul. 558: 304, 18; Fä. 72. Hié ðæt súsl þrowiende wǽron, Ors. 1, 12; Swt. 54, 26. In ðæt swearte súsl (hell), Exon. Th. 142, 4; Gú. 639. Ða ungeendodan súslo ðú byst þrowigende, Nicod. 29; Thw. 17, 12. Helle súslu inferni supplicia, Scint. 27, 8. (2) where the word is feminine:--Ðeós hellíce súsl hic tartarus, Ælfc. Gr. 13; Zup. 86, 4. Fram ðam écan hungre helle súsle, Ælfc. Gen. Thw. 3, 26. Geférlǽhte on ánre súsle, Homl. Th. i. 132, 20. Faraþ hig on éce súsle, and ða rihtwísan on ðæt éce líf ibúnt hi in supplicium aeternum, justi autem in vitam aeternam, Mt. Kmbl. 25, 46. Hú hé synfullum súsle gefremme, Wulfst. 138, 9: Dóm. L. 153. (3) where the gender is uncertain:--Ðé is súsl weotod, Cd. Th. 308, 14; Sat. 692: 257, 8; Dan. 654. Satan on súsle (dat. or acc.) gefeól, 309, 20; Sat. 712. Súsle geinnod, 3, 28; Gen. 42. Swingan, súsle þreágan, Exon. Th. 251, 9; Jul. 142. Súsl þrowian, Cd. Th. 5, 22; Gen. 75: 255, 9; Dan. 621. Súsel, 267, 21; Sat. 41. Hafastú máre súsel, 268, 33; Sat. 64. In súsla grund, Elen. Kmbl. 1885; El. 944: Exon. Th. 98, 8; Crl. 1604. On hwilcum súslum hé móste écelíce cwylmian, Homl. Th. i. 86, 2. Súslum beþrungen, Elen. Kmbl. 1896; El. 950: Exon. Th. 10, 8; Cri. 149. [Grein compares the word with Icelandic forms, sýsl, sýsla business, sýsl painstaking, sýsla to do business, sýsliga busily.] v. cwic-súsl; seóslig.
súsl-bana, an; m. A torturing destroyer, one who tortures while he destroys :-- Swarte súslbonan (devils), Cd. Th. 305, 1; Sat. 640.
súsl-cwalu, e; f. A destruction or death accompanied by torment :-- Ða árleásan geseóþ heora wíte and heora súselcwale hym tóweard, Wulfst. 238, 23. Ðú scealt habban súselcwale á on écnysse, 241, 13.
súsl-hof, es; n. A place of torment, hell :-- Of helle, of ðam súslhofe, Hy. 10, 31.
suster a sister, sustras, L. R. S. 5; Th. i. 436, 2, sutel. v. sweostor, sester, sweotol.
sútere, es; m. A shoemaker, souter (Scotch):--Sútere sutor, Wrt. Voc. i. 74, 11. Sum sútere siwode ðæs hálgan weres sceós. . . Anianus wæs geháten se ylca sútere, Homl. Skt. i. 15, 23, 27. Eówer sútere hé is uester sutor est, eówer súteres tól uestri sutoris instrumenta, Ælfc. Gr. 15; Zup. 105, 14. Gif hé smeáwyrhtan hæfþ, ðám hé sceal tó tólan fylstan; sútere and óðran wyrhtan ǽlc weorc sylf wísaþ hwæt him tó gebyreþ, Anglia ix. 263, 18. Sútera hús sutrina domus, Wrt. Voc. i. 59, 3. [A sutare þet haueð forloren his el, he secheð hit anonriht. A. R. 324, 17. Euerych soutere þt wonyeþ in þe citee [of Wynchestre] þt halt shoppe, E. G. 358, 22. Euerych sowtere þ UNCERTAIN makeþ shon of newe roþes leþer, 359, 14 (14th cent.). More borynde þanne zouteres eles, Ayenb. 66, 12. Sowtare or cordewaner sutor, Prompt. Parv. 466, col. 2. O. H. Ger. sútári: M. H. Ger. sútære; schuoch-sútære (from which Ger. schuster): Icel. sútari a tanner. From Latin sutor.] Cf. scóh-wyrhta.
[súþ;] cpve. súþra; spve. súþmest; adj. South, southern :-- Andlang ðæs súðeran weges, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 408, 32. On ðone sýðeran steð . . . on ðone norðere steð, v. 148, 20. Ðone súðran sunnstede, Lchdm, iii. 252, 15. Ðone súðran steorran, 270, 18. On ðæm súðmestan onwalde, Ors. 6, 1; Swt. 252, 15. Ða súðmestan Æthiopian hæfdon bryne for ðære hǽte, 1, 7; Swt. 40, 5. ¶ Súþan in combination with prepositions :-- Be-súðan sǽ south of the sea, Shrn. 145, 17. Him be-súðan, Cd. Th. 182, 1; Exod. 69. Náðer ne be-norðan mearce ne be-súðan, L. Ath. v. 5; Th. i. 232, 19. Be-súþan ðæm múþan, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 10, 8. Wið-súðan ðone Sciringes-heal, Swt. 19, 18. Be ðam wig&dash-uncertain;bede súþan juxta altare ad austrum, Bd. 5, 19; S. 641, 19. [O. H. Ger. sund- and Icel. sunn- point to the n that has been lost from the English word.] See the compounds which follow, and Cod. Dip. Kmbl. vi. 337, 338, for names of places in which súþ forms the first part.
súþ; adv. In a southerly direction or position :-- Twelf míla brád súð and norð ab austro in boream duodecim milia passuum, Bd. 1, 3; S. 475, 19. Him is ðæt heáfod súð gewend and ða fét norð, Shrn. 66, 23. Syndon óðere eálond súð fram Brixonte, Nar. 36, 7. Seó eá súþ ðonan ligeþ, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 8, 21: Salm. Kmbl. 382; Sal. 190. Fóron ðá súþ ofer Temese, Chr. 831; Erl. 68, 1. Súð ofer sǽ fóron, 897; Erl. 94, 28. Fóron súð ymbútan, 894; Erl. 91, 5. Seó sunne cymþ eft súð tó ðam winterlícan sunnstede, Lchdm. iii. 250, 24: 260, 10: Cd. Th. 118, 16; Gen. 1966. Súð ne norð ofer eormengrund óþer nǽnig sélra nǽre, Beo. Th. 1720; B. 858: Met. 10, 24. Súð eást and west, 9, 42: 10, 5. Súð west and eást, 14, 7. Swá heó (the sun) súðor biþ, swá hit swíþor winterlǽcþ, Lchdm. iii. 252, 2.
súþan; adv. I. from the south :-- On ðysum geáre com micel sciphere hider súþan of Lidwiccum, Chr. 918; Erl. 102, 22. Gefaren tósomne súðan and norðan, Cd. Th. 120, 2; Gen. 1988. Gif hér wind cymþ westan oððe eástan, súðan oððe norðan, 50, 11; Gen. 807. Súþan, Exon. Th. 55, 18; Cri. 885: 220, 23; Ph. 324. II. marking position, to or in the south :-- Asia is befangen mid ðæm gársecge súþan and norþan and eástan, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 8, 7. Ne dohte náðer ðisse leóde ne súðan ne norðan, Chr. 1013; Erl. 149, 27. Healdaþ hine norðan and súðan on twá healfa twá hund wearda, Salm. Kmbl. 520; Sal. 259. [O. L. Ger. súthon ab austro: O. H. Ger. sundan: Icel. sunnan.]
súþan-eástan. I. adv. From the south-east :-- Súþaneástan sunnan leóma cymeþ, Exon. Th. 56, 15; Cri. 901. II. in phrases marking position, to the south-east :-- Be-súþaneástan (ad Eurum) dæm porte, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 10, 9. On-suðaneástan ðissum lande, Chr. 449; Erl. 13, 5. [O. H. Ger. sundan-óstan.]
súþaneástan-wind, es; m. A south-east wind; euroafricus, Wrt. Voc. i. 36, 14.
súþan-eásterne; adj. South-eastern :-- Hé ferade súþaneásterne wind of heofenan transtulit austrum de coelo, Ps. Lamb. 77, 26. v. súþ-eásterne.
Súþan-hymbre, -humbre; pl. The Southumbrians, the Mercians :-- Hér Súþanhymbre (-humbre, Laud. MS.) ofslógon Æþelrédes cwéne (cf. Æþelréd Myrcna cyning, Bd. 4, 21; S. 590, 14), Chr. 697; Th. 67, cols. 1, 3. Hér Cénréd féng tó Súþanhymbre ríce (cf. Cénréd Myrcna ríce fore wæs. Bd. 5, 19; S. 636, 24), 702; Th. 67, col. 1. Úre cynecynn and Súðanhymbra eác, 449; Erl. 13, 21. v. Súþ-hymbre.
súþan-westan; adv. From the south-west :-- Súþanwestan ab affrico, Wrt. Voc. ii. 98, 35: 4, 15: a fafonio, 99, 50.
súþanwestan-wind, es; m. A south-west wind; africus, Wrt. Voc. i. 36, 15.
súþan-wind, es; m. A south wind :-- Súþanwind auster vel nothus, Wrt. Voc. i. 36, 9. Se ðe hit mid súðanwinde onginne, ðonne hæfþ hé sige, Lchdm. iii. 182, 3. Súþanwind (southenwind, Ps.) austrum, Ps. Surt. 77, 26. [A suðenwind blew ðat day, Gen. and Ex. 3084. Icel. sunnan-vindr.]
súþ-dǽl, es; m. A south part, the south :-- Súþdǽl auster, Ælfc. Gr. 8; Zup. 27, 7. Súðdǽles cwén regina austri, Mt. Kmbl. 12, 42. Hig cómon tó súðdǽle ad australem plagam, Gen. 13, 1. Tó súðdǽle ad meridiem, 14. Of súðdǽle Asiam, Ors. 1, 10; Swt. 44, 5. Hí on ðam súþdǽle inn eodon, Homl. Th. i. 508, 9. Fram súþdǽle a meridie, Bd. 1, 1; S. 473, 12. Ðære Asian súþdǽl meridianam partem Asiae, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 14, 5. Ða súþdǽlas middangeardes, Bd. 1, 1; S. 473, 33. Ða súþdǽlas ðysses eálondes australes partes Britanniae, S. 474, 8. [Suþdale off þiss werelld is Mysimmbrion ʒehatenn, Orm. 16418. Cf. O. H. Ger. sunder-teil dextera pars (templi).]
súþ-duru, a; f. A south door :-- Wæs seó súðduru hwæthwega háde máre, Blickl. Homl. 201, 15. [Cf. Icel. súðr-dyrr; pl. south doors.]
súþ-eást; adv. South-east :-- Donua múða ðære eá scýt súðeást út, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 22, 5: Cd. Th. 42, 1; Gen. 667.
súþ-eástende, es; m. The south-east end :-- Ðæt (India) is se súþeástende ðisses middangeardes, Bt. 29, 3; Fox 106, 22.
súþ-eásterne; adj. South-eastern :-- Súðeásterne wind eurus, Ælfc. Gr. 4; Zup. 8, 2.
Súþ-Engle; pl. The people of the south of England :-- On Súð-Engla lage griðlagu ðus stent, L. Eth. vii. 9; Th. i. 330, 22.
suþerige. A plant name glossing satirion, Wrt. Voc. i. 32, 18. Cockayne takes the word to be the same as sæþerige (q. v.), and the gloss to be a mistake, Lchdm. ii. 403, col. 1; but cf. satirion sanycle, Wülck. Gl. 613, 33, saniculum sanicle i. wudemerch, 554, 8.
súþerne; adj. Southern, coming from the south :-- Se óðer heáfodwind is súðerne, auster geháten, Lchdm. iii. 274, 16: Met. 5, 7. Se súðerna wind, Lchdm iii. 276, 7: Bt. 6; Fox 14, 23. Cwoen súðerne (súðernæs ɫ súðdǽles, Lind.) regina austri, Lk. Skt. Rush. 11, 31: Exon. Th. 480, 10: Rä. 63, 9. Fram deófle súðernum ab demonio meridiano, Ps. Spl. 90, 6. Súþerne wind austrum. 77, 30: austrum, affricum, Blickl. Gl. Sende se sǽrinc súþerne gár, Byrht. Th. 135, 47; By. 134. Hire (the queen of Sheba) olfendas bǽron súðerne wyrta, Homl. Th. ii. 584, 10. ¶ The word is often used in reference to things coming to England from the south of Europe, plants or medicine:--Genim súþerne cymen, Lchdm. ii. 184, 15. Ða súþernan finuglan, 142, 2. Súþerne popig, 212, 8. Súþerne rind cinamonium, iii. 301, col. 2: cinnamomum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 131, 9. Dó ðone súþernan wermód, ðæt is prutene, Lchdm. ii. 236, 19. Súðerne wudu aprotanum, Wrt. Voc. i. 79, 6. Súþerne wuda. Ðeós wyrt ðe man abrotanum and óðrum naman súðerne wuda nemneþ, Lchdm. i. 250, 16-18: iii. 12, 15: 40, 5. Næglæs (cunæglæsse) hátte wyrt súþerno, ii. 106, 9. Óþer swilc ameos hátte súþerne wyrt, 192, 7. Oxumellis . . . drenc súþerne, 212, 6: 254, 16. On ðam súðrenan oxumelle, 152, 1. Ðæt is súþerne lǽcedóm, 224, 14. On ðam súþernan lǽcedóme ðe hátte oxumelle, 248, 10. [O. Frs. suthern: O. H. Ger. sundirin australis: Icel. suðrænn.]
súþe-weard; adj. Southward, south :-- Tóemnes ðæm lande súðeweardum, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 19, 1. From súþeweardum óð norþeweardne, Bt. 16, 4; Fox 58, 12: 18, 1; Fox 62, 1. On splott súðeweardne, Cod. Dip. B. iii. 336, 23. Ða gesǽtan súðewearde Bryttene, Chr. Erl. 3, 5. v. súþ-weard.
súþ-folc, es; n. A southern people, a people living south in relation to some other :-- Rómáne and eall súþfolc (ealle súþfolc, 146, 15), Lchdm. ii. 16, 1. Humbre streám tósceádeþ súþfolc Angelþeóde and norþfolc, Bd. 1, 25; S. 486, 17. Eorldóm on Norðfolc and Súðfolc (Suffolk), Chr. 1075; Erl. 213, 5. Norðmen wǽron súðfolcum swice, Cd. Th. 120, 17; Gen. 1996. [Cf. O. Sax. súðar-liudi.]
súþ-gársecg, es; m. A southern ocean; meridianus oceanus, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 8, 30.
súþ-gemǽre, es; n. A southern boundary :-- Hiera súþgemǽro licgeaþ tó ðam Reádan Sǽ, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 10, 34.
Súþ-geweorc, es; n. Southhwark :-- Ðá cómon hý tó Súþgeweorce, Chr. 1052; Erl. 181, 3. [Icel. Súðr-virki.]
Súþ-Gyrwas (-e, -an); pl. The southern division of the Gyrwas :-- Súþ-Gyrwa syx hund hýda, Cod. Dip. B. i. 414, 18. Súþ-Gyrwa ealdormon princeps Australium Gyruiorum, Bd. 4, 19; S. 587, 21. Súð-Gerwa, Shrn. 94, 20. Súð-Gyrwena, Lchdm. iii. 430, 14.
Súþ-hámtún Southampton :-- Æt Súðhámtúne, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. vi. 49, 20. v. Hám-tún.
Súþhámtún-scír Hampshire, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iv. 204, 16. [Þe nywe forest þat ys in Souþhamtescyre, R. Glouc. 375, 9.]
súþ-heald; adj. Sloping or tending to the south :-- Rodor súðheald swífeþ swift, Met. 28, 17. Swá súðhealde swíþe hlimman sicut torrens in austro, Ps. Th. 125, 4. [Icel. súðr-hallr (applied to the sun).]
súþ-healf, e; f. The south side, mostly, if not exclusively, in the phrase on (ða) súþhealfe :-- On súðhealfe ad meridianam plagam, Num. 3, 29: contra meridiem, Deut. 1, 7. On súþhealfe a meridie, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 10, 26: 14, 2. On súðhealfe ðære eás, Chr. 921; Erl. 108, 18: 913; Erl. 102, 10. On súðhalfe Humbre streámes ad meridianam Humbrae fluminis ripam, Bd. 2, 16; S. 519, 19. Hí wendon ábútan Penwihtsteort on ða súðhealfe, Chr. 997; Erl. 135, 10. Hí wendon tó Lundene and dulfon áne mycele díc on ða súðhealfe (on súðhealfe, MS. D.), 1016; Erl. 155, 9. On ða súðhealfe fram Babilonia in dextera parte ab Babilonia, Nar. 34, 17. On ða súðhealfe (dexteriore parte) landes Egiptna, 34. On ða súðhealfe gársecges oceano dexteriore parte, 36, 15. (Cf. O. H. Ger. sunder-teil under súþ-dǽl.) [Þe an is a norðhalf, þe oðer a suðhalf, Laym. 15937. O. H. Ger. sund-, sundar-halpa auster, meridies: Icel. súdr-hálfa the southern region.]
Súþ-hymbre; pl. The Mercians :-- Súðhymbra (-humbra, Laud. MS.) ríce, Chr. 702; Th. 67, col. 3. Hér wæs Ósuuald ofslagen fram Pendan (and) Súþhymbrum (cf. fram ðam ylcan hǽþenan cyninge and ðære hǽþenan ðeóde Myrcna, Bd. 3, 9; S. 533, 11), 641; Erl. 27, 8. v. Súþan-hymbre.
súþ-land, es; n. A land lying to the south :-- Hé eardode on ðám súðlandum in terra australi, Gen. 24, 62. [He hæfde to dæle þat suðlond þat Locres wes icleped, Laym. 2111. Icel. suðr-land (hence Suther-land).]
súþ-mǽgþ, e; f. A southern tribe or province :-- Óðrum folcum ðara súþmǽgþa caeteris australium provinciarum populis, Bd. 3, 24; S. 557, 31. Hé eallum súþmǽgþum weóld and ríce hæfde óþ Humbre streám, 2, 5; S. 506, 10.
súþ-mann, es; m. A man living in the south :-- Súðmonna sinc (those who carry of the treasure are said sécan súð, 118, 16; Gen. 1966, and are called norðmen, 120, 16; Gen. 1995), Cd. Th. 121, 28; Gen. 2017: 126, 4; Gen. 2096. [Icel. súðr-maðr.]
Súþ-Mirce; pl. The South Mercians :-- Súþ-Myrcna ríce, Bd. 3, 24; S. 557. 36.
Súþ-Peohtas, -Pihtas; pl. The South Picts :-- Súð-Pihtas (-Pyhtas, MS. E.), Chr. 565.; Erl. 18, 4.
súþ-portic, es; m. A south porch :-- On ðam súðportice, Chr. 1036; Erl. 165, 39.
súþ-rador, -rodor, es; m. The south of the heavens :-- Súþrador australis, Blickl. Gl. Óþþæt seó sunne on súðrodor sǽged weorþeþ postquam Phoebus equos in aperta refudit Olympi, Exon. Th. 207, 14; Ph. 141.
Súþr-íg the people or the district of Surrey :-- Cantwara him tó cyrdon and Súðríg and Súð-Seaxe, Chr. 823; Erl. 63, 20. Hí heafdon ofergán ealle Centingas and Súð-Seaxe and Súðríg and Bearrucscíre, 1011; Erl. 144, 28. v. next word.
Súþr-íge; gen. [e]a, ena; pl. The people or district of Surrey :-- Cantware him tó cirdon and Súþríge and Súþ-Seaxe, Chr. 823; Erl. 62, 22. Cantwara ríce and Súþrígea and Súþ-Seaxna, 836; Erl. 66, 3. Súþrígea, 855; Erl. 70, 19. On Súþrígena lande be Temese streáme in regione Sudergeona juxta fluvium Tamensem, Bd. 4, 6; S. 574, 14. Ealhere mid Cantwarum and Huda mid Súþrígium (Súþrígum, MS. E.) gefuhton wiþ herige, Chr. 853; Erl. 68, 17. Of Cent ge of Súþrígum, 921; Erl. 107, 7. Féngon tó West-Seaxna ríce and tó Súðrígean, 855; Erl. 71, 2. Tó Súðrígan, 836; Erl. 67, 3. Tó Godes ciricum in Súðrégum and in Cent, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. ii. 121, 8. Hé gewát on Súþríge (Súðrége, MS. E.) and on Súþ-Seaxe, Chr. 722; Erl. 44, 28. Fóron súþ ofer Temese on Súþríge (Súðríge, MS. E.), 851; Erl. 68, 2. The word occurs in a Latin charter . . . In loco que appellatur Cyningestún in regione Súðrégie, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. i. 318, 5. [Souþsex and Soþerei, Kent and Estsex, R. Glouc. 3, 21. Soþerey, 5, 23.]
súþ-rihte; adv. Due south :-- Seó eá irnþ ðonan súðryhte, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 8, 17: 17, 18, 19. Súðrihte, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. ii. 250, 17.
súþ-rima, an; m. A south coast :-- Ðý ilcan sumera forwearð nó læs ðonne xx scipa mid monnum mid ealle be ðam súðriman, Chr. 897; Erl. 96, 15: 1009; Erl. 141, 32. v. súþ-stæþ.
súþ-rodor, -sceáta. v. súþ-rador, sceáta, I.
Súþ-Seaxe, -Seaxan; pl. The people or district of Sussex :-- Him tó cirdon Súþ-Seaxe, Chr. 823; Erl. 62, 22. Of Eald-Seaxon cómon Súð-Sexa, 449; Erl. 12, 10. Súþ-Seaxan meridiani Saxones, Bd. 1, 15; S. 483, 24. Súþ-Seaxan ágen[n]e biscopas onféngon, 5, 18; S. 635, 14. Súþ-Sexena landes is syufan þúsend hýda, Cod. Dip. B. i. 415, 1. Ælle Súþ-Seaxna cyning, Chr. 827; Erl. 62, 35. Súþ-Seaxna (Súð-, MS. E.) ríce, 836; Erl. 66, 3. Súd-Seaxna (Súð-Seaxena, MS. E.) cyning, 661; Erl. 34, 15. Hé gewát on Súþ-Seaxe and Ine gefeaht wiþ Súþ-Seaxum, 722; Erl. 44, 29. Eádulf cynges þegn on Súð-Seaxum, 897; Erl. 95, 3. Se here on Súð-Seaxum and on Bearrucscíre hergodon, 1009; Erl. 142, 22: 998; Erl. 135, 21. Hér Ceólwulf gefeaht wið Súð-Seaxe, 607; Erl. 20, 27. Hí heafdon ofergán Súð-Seaxe and Súðríg and Bearrucscíre, 1011; Erl. 144, 27. [Folc læi inne Suð-sæxe, Laym. 15368. Souþsex (a shire), R. Glouc. 3, 21.]
Súþ-Seaxisc; adj. South-Saxon, of Sussex :-- Wulnóð cild ðone Súð-Sexiscan (-Seaxscian, col. 1: -Seaxcisan, 260, col. 2), Chr. 1009; Th. 261, col. 2.
súþ-stæþ, es; n. A south shore, coast, or bank :-- West-Seaxna lond be ðæm súþstæðe, Chr. 897; Erl. 95, 9. v. súþ-rima.
súþ-wág, es; m. A south wall :-- Wið middan ðæs súðwáges, Homl. Th. i. 508, 15. Wið ðone súðwág tómiddes ðæs wáges, Blickl. Homl. 207, 15. [Icel. suðr-veggr.]
súþ-weard; adv. Southward, in a southerly direction, towards the south :-- Wilþ seó eá súþweard Eufrates fluvius Euphrates tendens in meridiem, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 14, 10. Heó (the sun) cyrþ eft súðweard, Lchdm. iii. 250, 22: 258, 13: 252, 1.
súþ-weardes; adv. Southwards, in the south, Met. 1, 4.
súþ-weg, es; m. A road lying to the south; in pl. southern countries, the south:-- Hié gesáwon of súðwegum fyrd Faraonis, Cd. Th. 187, 23; Exod. 155. [Icel. súðr-vegr; in pl. southern countries.]
súþ-west; adv. South-west :-- Án ðæra gárena líþ súðwest (in africum), Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 24, 3.
súþ-westerne; adj. South-western :-- Se súðwesterna wind him ongeán stód, Apol. Th. 11, 3.
súþ-wind, es; m. A south wind, Cd. Th. 196, 10; Exod. 289.
suto, -sutod, sutol, sutung, suwian. v. slítan, sulian, sweotol, slíting, swigian.
swá, swǽ, swé (swé is the form in Ps. Surt.; see also Txts. 600, col. 1. The form also occurs in Blickl. Homl. 23, 7). I. rel. pron. As, that :-- Forgylde ðæt ángylde and ðæt wíte swá tó ðam ángylde belimpan wille, L. Alf. pol. 6; Th. i. 66, 3. Ðon gelíc swá lǽcas cunnon such as doctors know, Lchdm. ii. 192, 23. Brúcan swylcra yrmþa swá ðú unc ǽr scrife, Exon. Th. 373, 2; Seel. 102 : Homl. Th. ii. 162, 18. Yrfan hí swá hí wyrðe witan let such inherit as they know to be entitled, Chart. Th. 578, 9. Ne wíte hé ús swá neóde and hǽse gehýrsumodon, Guthl. prol.; Gdwin. 4, 5. Ealne ðisne ymbhwyrft ðises middangeardes swá swá Oceanus útan ymbligeþ, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 8, 2. I a. in combination with the hw- pronominal forms, so, as in whosoever, etc. :-- Tó syllenne swá hwæt swá (suǽ huæt quodcumque, Lind.) heó hyne bǽde, Mt. Kmbl. 14, 7. Swá hwylc swá (suá huá, Lind. : swá hwá swá, Rush.) sylþ ánne drinc, 10, 41. Fram swá hwylcere untrymnesse swá hé on wæs, Jn. Skt. 5, 4. Swá hwylc man swá mildheortnesse nafaþ, Blickl. Homl. 13, 22. Swá hweðer swá hé wylle, L. Eth. i. 1; Th. i. 280, 16. Ðæt git tie lǽstan welhwilc ǽrende swá hé sendeþ, Cd. Th. 35, 15; Gen. 555. Folcrihta gehwylc swá his fæder áhte, Beo. Th. 5210; B. 2608 : Elen. Kmbl. 1287; El. 645. Swá hú swá hé mǽge howsoever he can, L. P. M. 2; Th. ii. 286, 25. Swá hwæder (hwyder, MS. A.) swá (suá huider, Lind. : hwider swá, Rush.) ðú færst quocunque ieris, Mt. Kmbl. 8, 19 : Lk. 9, 57 : Blickl. Homl. 233, 33. See other instances under the pronominal forms. II. demonst. pron. :-- Æt men fífténe peningas, and æt horse healf swá, L. Ff.; Th. i. 224, 26. III. representing an adjective, generally one used with a verb of incomplete predication, so, the same, such - Hé gemétte ǽnne blindne mann, se wæs geboren swá, Homl. Skt. ii. 29, 52 : Cd. Th. 44, 33; Gen. 7, 8. Bebycggen ðone oxan and hæbben him ðæt weorð gemǽne, and eác ðæt flǽsc swá (i. e. in common), L. Alf. 23; Th. i. 50, 11. Ðæt hé wǽre heora munuc æt fruman and hí woldon hine habban swá deádne that he had been their monk at first, and they would have him so (their monk) when dead, Homl. Th. ii. 518, 23. Cild ðiónde on eallum cræftum on cnihtháde and swá forþ eallne giógoþhád (going on thriving all its youth), Bt. 38, 5; Fox 206, 24. Gé wiþerwearde wǽron úrum gewunan and ealre Godes cyricean swá (i. e. wiþerwearde), Bd. 2, 2; S. 503, 19. III a. swá swá such as :-- Onlegena strengran swá swá is áróm stronger applications such as is copperas, Lchdm. ii. 192, 22. IV. adv. (1) defined by that which precedes (a) of manner or condition (α) so, in this or that way, thus :-- 'Beón gegaderode ða wæteru' . . . Hit wæs ðá swá gedón, Gen. 1, 9, 15. Nis hit ná swá it is not so (as you have said), 18, 15. Hit ne mæg ná swá beón, Ex. 10, 11. Ðeáh hí his nǽfre ne geléfan, ðeáh it is swá, Bt. 36, 6; Fox 182, 17. Hé árás áblendum eágum, and his geféran hine swá (in the manner mentioned) blindne tó ðære byrig gelǽddon, Homl. Th. i. 386, 14 : 432, 11 : L. In. 21; Th. i. 116, 3. Hé hine dyde óðrum monnum suá (swǽ, Cott. MSS.) ungelícne, Past. 17; Swt. 113, 14. (β) so, in the same way, in like manner :-- And swá ford (cf. Germ. und so weiter) and so on, et caetera, Ælfc. Gr. 18; Zup. 114, 5, and often. Se ealdor dyde hand swá gelíce similiter fecit, Th. An. 74, 4. See eal-swá. (b) of degree or extent, (α) where a high degree is implied, so (exceedingly) :-- Ne gemétte ic swá mycelne geleáfan, Mt. Kmbl. 8, 10. Nán fullere ne mæg swá hwíte gedón, Mk. Skt. 9, 3. For hwon sǽdest ðú swá gémeleáslíce and swá wlætlíce ða ðing, Bd. 5, 9; S. 623, 9. Ðá ðú swá lustlíce gehérdest míne láre, Bt. 22, 1; Fox 76, 23 : 35, 3; Fox 158, 7. Ðonne hí heora gód on swá manige dǽlas tódǽlaþ, 33, 2; Fox 122, 25. (β) where the degree is definitely marked :-- Se consul fór mid þrím hunde scipa . . . him cómon ongeán Punice mid swá fela scipa (cum pari classe), Ors. 4, 6; Swt. 176, 11. Se twelf síþum hine bibaþaþ . . . and swá oft of wyllgespryngum beorgeþ, Exon. Th. 205, 6; Ph. 108. Syx swá micel to the same extent much six times, six times as much, L. M. L.; Th. i. 190, 3. (c) of cause (v. V. 6), so, therefore, on that account :-- Hé him ðet land forbeád .. and hé hit swá álét he forbade him the land . . . and so he gave it up, Chart. Th. 202, 12. (2) defined by that which follows, (a) of manner, so, in such a manner that :-- Far mid him swá ðæt ðú dó ðæt ic ðé bebeóde vade cum eis, ita duntaxat, ut, quod tibi praecepero, facias, Num. 22, 20. Ǽlc wíf sceolde gebídan swá ðæt heó ne cóme intó Godes temple, Homl. Th. i. 134, 16. Crist is Godes Sunu swá ðæt (in such sort that) se Fæder hine gestrýnde of him sylfum, 258, 26. Swá beclýsed ðæt nǽnig óþer hý onlúceþ, Exon. Th. 20, 26; Cri. 323. Wearþ ðæt geat belocen swá ðæt ða stánas feóllon tógædere, H. R. 103, 7. Gif eów swá líce þuhte utan gangan on ðissum carcerne, Blickl. Homl. 247, 1. Swá ðon gelícost ðe tóbrocen fæt, Lchdm. ii. 230, 25. Se mon biþ, ðæs ðe swá tó cweþanne sí, ǽghwæðer ge gehæfted ge freó, Bd. 1, 27; S. 497, 40. (b) of degree :-- Swá ealde swá hié ðá wǽron hié gefuhton as old as they then were, they fought, Ors. 3, 11; Swt. 152, 16. Nys hyt swá stearc winter, ðæt ic durre lutian æt hám, Coll. Monast. Th. 19, 17. Swǽ opene scylde ðæt hé his bróðor ofslóge, Past. 34; Swt. 234, 2. Ðín mægen is swá mǽre, swá ðæt ǽnig ne wát ða deópnesse Drihtnes mihta, Hy. 3, 31 : Ors. 4, 10; Swt. 198, 15. Swá fullíce ðiónde . . . óþ ðe hé wyrþ ǽlces cræftes medeme, Bt. 38, 5; Fox 206, 22. Ða habbaþ beardas swá síde óð heora breóst, Nar. 38, 1. Súp swá ðú hátost mǽge, Lchdm. ii. 50, 25. (3) used indefinitely, so and so :-- Ðeáh ðú nyte for hwí hé swá and swá dó though thou know not why he act in this or that manner, Bt. 39, 2; Fox 214, 13. (4) used emphatically, so, exceedingly, as much as possible :-- Ongan hé hine baðian swá swátigne (when perspiring profusely), Ors. 3, 9; Swt. 124, 30 : Jud. Thw. 22, 19; Jud. 67. Ðú meaht swá wíde geseón, Cd. Th. 36, 1; Gen. 565 : 27, 30; Gen. 425. Sió onlícnes sendde mycel wæter swá sealt (exceedingly salt), Blickl. Homl. 245, 25. Genim ðás wyrte swá mearwe (as tender as possible), Lchdm. i. 192, 8 : 194, 2. Wel on swá hátum, ii. 50, 15. (5) with comparatives, the, (1) singly :-- Oft wé mágon beón suá (swǽ, Cott. MSS.) nyttran æt him gif wé hié myndgiaþ hira gódna weorca plerumque utilius apud illos proficimus, si eorum bene gesta memoramus, Past. 32, 2; Swt. 211, 20. Beþe ða eágan, betere swá oftor the oftener the better, Lchdm. ii. 34, 16. Leng swá swíðor, Cd. Th. 60, 30; Gen. 985 : Beo. Th. 3712; B. 1854. (2) correlatives the . . . the :-- Swá norðor swá smælre the further north one goes, the narrower the land becomes, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 18, 29. Swá betere swá fǽtran and ferscran, Lchdm. ii. 196, 22. Swá háttra sumor, swá mára ðunor and líget, iii. 280, 9. Efne swá hé ús mǽrlícor gifeþ, swá wé him mǽrlícor þancian scylon; swá þrymlícre ár, swá máre eádmódnes, Wulfst. 261, 19-21. Swá swá leng swá bet, Bt. 35, 3; Fox 160, 8. Swá swá hé lengra biþ, swá hí bióþ ungesǽligran, 38, 4; Fox 204, 15. Swá mycele swá ðú hér on worulde swýþor swincst swá ðú eft bist on écnysse fæstlícor getrymed; and swá myccle swá ðú on ðisum andweardan lífe má earfoða drígast, swá myccle ðú eft on tóweardnesse geféhst, Guthl. 5; Gdwin. 32, 10-14. (2 a) with a comparative and a positive :-- Ðæt hé suá micle wærlícor hine healde wið scylda swá hé gere witan mæg ðæt hé nó ána forwierð, Past. 28; Swt. 191, 10. V. adverbial conjunction, (1) with indic. (a) with a clause of comparison, as :-- Ne biþ hé eall swá hé ǽr wæs, Bt. 14, 9; Fox 148, 8. Beóþ mildheorte, swá eówer fæder is mildheort, Lk. Skt. 6, 36. Hé gedreósan sceal, swá ðeós eorðe eall, Exon. Th. 124, 27 : Elen. Kmbl. 1761; El. 882. Hí mé ymbsealdon samod anlíce swá beón, Ps. Th. 117, 12. Héht onlíce, swá hé ðæt beácen geseah, tácen gewyrcan, Elen. Kmbl. 200; El. 100. (1 a) swá swá :-- Eall ðæt ðe leofaþ beóþ eów tó mete, swá swá grówende wyrta ic betǽhte ealle eów, Gen. 9, 3. Gewurðe ðín willa on eorðan, swá swá on heofenum, Mt. Kmbl. 6, 10. Dón swá swá hý git dóþ, Bt. 16, 1; Fox 50, 2. (2) with indic. or subjunct. expressing an actual or possible result, so that :-- Se consul fór tó Tarentan, swá Hannibal nyste, and ða burg ábræc, swá ða nyston ðe ðǽrinne wǽron, Ors. 4, 10; Swt. 198, 7-9 : 4, 11; Swt. 206, 3. Gif hwá stalle, swá his wíf nyte, L. In. 7; Th. i. 106, 15. Wesan swá him yldo tie derede, Cd. Th. 30, 22; Gen. 471 : 256, 12; Dan. 639. Bær hine seó brimwylf, swá hé ne mihte wǽpna gewealdan, Beo. Th. 3020; B. 1508. Se má eallum Angelcyningum Brytta deóde fornom, swá efne ðæs ðe hé mihte wiþmeten beón Saule, Bd. 1, 34; S. 499, 20. (3) with subjunctive, as (if) :-- Iosue fleáh, swá hé áfyrht wǽre, Jos. 8, 15. Ðú hí betweónum wæters weallas lǽddest, swá hí wǽron on drígum, Ps. Th. 105, 9. Cweðan swá hé tó ánum sprece, Exon. Th. 84, 23; Cri. 1378. Nú is ðon gelícost swá wé ceólum líðan, 53, 16; Cri. 851. (4) with optative, so :-- Swá ðyós dǽd for monnum mǽre gewurþe, Lchdm. iii. 60, 14. Ic ðæt geswerige þurh sóþ godu, swá ic áre æt him ǽfre finde, Exon. Th. 247, 19; Jul. 81 : Beo. Th. 875; B. 435. (5) with a conditional force, provided that, if so be that, so (as in Shakspere : So it be new, there's no respect how vile; v. Abbott, Shak. Gram. § 133) :-- Nim, swá hit ðé ne mislícyge, Ap. Th. 20, 12. Hé him ðet land forbeád, swá hé ǽniges brúcan wolde, Chart. Th. 202, 10. (6) marking a consequence, so, therefore, on that account :-- Ic mæg rǽdan on his ríce; swá mé ðæt riht ne þinceþ . . ., Cd. Th. 19, 11; Gen. 289 : 24, 22; Gen. 381 : Andr. Kmbl. 2657; An. 1330. (7) local, where :-- On eallum Norþan-hymbrum ge eác on Pehtum swá Óswíes ríce wæs ðæs cyninges quousque rex Osuin imperium protendere poterat, Bd. 4, 3; S. 566, 30. Geseh hé bearwas standan, swá hé ǽr his blód ágeát, Andr. Kmbl. 2897; An. 1451 : 3163; An. 1584. (8) temporal, as, when :-- Swá heó sǽ geseah, hé hió snióme fleáh, Ps. Th. 113, 3. Ic wát God ábolgen wyrð, swá ic him ðisne bodscipe secge, Cd. Th. 35, 10; Gen. 552. (9) marking the grounds of action, as, since :-- Wé ðé lofiaþ, swá ðú hǽlend eart, Hy. 7, 116. (10) although, yet :-- Swá hé þurh feóndscipe tó cwale monige démde, swá þeáh him Dryhten eft miltse gefremede, Elen. Kmbl. 994; El. 498 : Cd. Th. 25, 10; Gen. 391. (11) in contracted clauses, as, as (being) :-- Hwone hé lǽran scyle suá earmne, and hwane suá eádigne, Past. 26; Swt. 183, 9. Heora hláford weorðodon swá swá wuldres cyning (cf. hiora cyningas hí weorþodon for Godas, Bt. 38, 1; Fox 194, 16), Met. 26, 45. VI. swá . . . swá, (1) - where swá occurs once with a demonstrative, once with a relative force, so . . . as, so . . . that, as . . . as :-- Swá forð swá uncre wordgecwydu fyrmest wǽron as far as ever our agreements went, L. O. 11; Th. i. 182, 11. Swá gelíc swá ðú æt swǽsendum sitte, Bd. 2, 13; S. 556, 15. Suá suíðe suá hé of ðære ǽwe ne cerre so as he turn not from the law, Past. 23; Swt. 175, 4. Búton hé suá monige gecierre suá hé mǽsð mǽge, 28; Swt. 191, 9. Hafa on múþe swá hát swá ðú hátost mǽge, Lchdm. ii. 50, 15. Swá forð swá ða óðre, Ælfc. Gr. 18; Zup. 114, 3. Ða unrótnessa swá ilce ofergáþ, swá ðú cwist ðæt ða blissa ǽr dydon, Bt. 8; Fox 24, 33. Swá wíde swá wegas tólǽgon, Andr. Kmbl. 2469; An. 1236. Hé hine wolde swá weligne gedón swá hé his sunu wǽre, Shrn. 84, 14. Sóna swá seó sunne sealte streámas oferhlifaþ, swá se fugel gewíteþ, Exon. Th. 206, 1-6; Ph. 120. (1 a) swá swá :-- Ðó rysle tó swá swá sýn twá pund add lard so as there may be two pounds, Lchdm. ii. 74, 1 : 250, 26. (2) correlative, (a) either . . . or, as well . . . as :-- Onfón swá écum lífe swá écum deáðe swá ðú ǽr geworhtest swá écum lífe swá ungeendodon wíte accipere sive vitam aeternam, sine mortem aeternam, prout antea fecisti; sive vitam aeternam, sive infinitum supplicium, L. Ecg. P. iv. 65; Th. ii. 226, 13. Ðæt heó gecure óðer ðæra, swá heó forférde, swá heó ðám godum geoffrode, Homl. Skt. i. 8, 63 : 11, 33. Nim swá wuda swá wyrt swá hweðer swá ðú wille, Bt. 34, 10; Fox 148, 25 : Wulfst. 108, 10. Smire mid ðære sealfe swá niht swá twá swá þearf sié smear with the salve one night or two, as need be, Lchdm. ii. 128, 1. Sié ðæt on cyninges dóme swá deáð swá líf swá hé him forgifan wille be it in the judgement of the king, as well death as life, as he will grant him, L. Alf. pol. 7; Th. i. 66, 10. Hit biþ gewrecen swá ǽr, swá lator, Homl. Ass. 62, 253. Gilde swá wer, swá wíte, swá lahslite, aa be ðam ðe seó dǽd sý, L. Eth. v. 31; Th. i. 312, 10. Ðonne mót hé swá rídan, swá rówan, swá swilce færelde faran swylce tó his wege gebyrige, L. E. I. 24; Th. ii. 420, 24. (b) whether . . . or :-- Saga him, swá hé wille swá hé nelle, hé sceal cuman, Bd. 5, 9; S. 623, 11. Wé be him náþor nyton, swá hí libban, swá hí deáde licgon, Homl. Skt. i. 23, 306. God lét hí habban ágenne cyre, swá hí heora Scyppend lufedon, swá hí hine forléton, Homf. Th. i. 10, 19 : 18, 30. Syle etan ǽr ðære tíde his tócymes, swá on dæge swá on nihte, swæþer hyt sý, Lchdm. i. 364,16. On swelce healfe swelce hié winnende beón woldan, swá súþ, swá norþ, swá eást, swá west, Ors. 3, 5; Swt. 106, 13. (c) swá hwæðer swá . . . swá whether . . . or :-- Sete man ofer ðæne þriddan dæg, swá hwæðer swá heó beó fúl swá clǽne, L. Ath. iv. 7; Th. i 226, 31. (2 a) with the first swá omitted, or :-- Dém ðú hí tó deáþe, swá tó lífe lǽt, Exon. Th. 247, 33; Jul. 88. VII. in combination with the particles git, same, þeáh, þeána, see those words. [Goth. swé, swa : O. Frs. sá : O. Sax. O. H. Ger. só : Icel. svá (later svó) : Dan. saa : Swed. så.] v. eal-swá.
swǽfan (?) :-- Sió gítsung ðe nǽnne grund hafaþ swearte swǽfeþ (swǽleþ ? v. swǽlan) sumes onlíce efne ðam munte ðe nú monna bearn Etne hátaþ se swefle byrneþ, Met. 8, 46-50. The Latin original has: Saevior ignibus Aetnae fervens amor ardet habendi, which is rendered in the prose version: Manna gítsung is swá byrnende swá ðæt fýr on ðære helle seó is on ðam munte de Ætne hátte, Bt. 15; Fox 48, 29. From comparison of these three passages, it seems that swǽfeþ should mean burns, while the form of the word suggests comparison with O. L. Ger. suévón in berg suévót mons coagulatus, with O. H. Ger. sweibón volvere, ferri, and later English swayne in :-- He (the whale that swallowed Jonah) swengeʒ and swaynes to þe se boþem, Allit. Pm. 99, 253. All these verbs denote movement, a meaning which does not seem to suit swǽfan in the passage where it occurs.
Swǽfas, Swǽfe; pl. A Germanic people, the Suevi or Alamanni ('um diese zeit (4th cent.) pflegt an die stelle des alten Suevennamens die benennung Alamannen einzutreten,' Grmm. D. S. 348), the Swabians :-- Swǽfas forhergodon ealle Galliam Alamanni Gallias pervagantes, Ors. 6, 24; Swt. 276, 3. Wið norþan Donua ǽwielme and be eástan Ríne sindon Eást-Francan; and be súþan him sindon Swǽfas, on óþre healfe ðære ié Donua; and be súþan him and be eástan sindon Bægware, se dǽl ðe mon Regnesburg hǽtt . . . Tó ðǽm beorgan ðe mon Alpis hǽtt licgaþ Begwara landgemǽro and Swǽfa, 1, 1; Swt. 16, 1-14. Engle and Swǽfe, Exon. Th. 321, 10; Wíd. 44. Mid Englum ic wæs and mid Swǽfum. 322, 10; Wíd. 61. Witta weóld Swǽfum, 319, 34; Wíd. 22. [O. H. Ger. Suáb Alamannus, Suába, Suápa Suevi.]
swǽlan; p. de To burn (trans.) :-- Onǽl ɫ swǽl ɫ bærn lændenu ure renes, Ps. Lamb. 25, 2. Hé sende of heofonum swǽlende lég, Wulfst. 213, 6. [Heo heom letten swalen inne swærte fure (þe mahunes mid fure hii forswelde, 2nd MS.), Laym. 10188. Berned heore halles & swaleð heore bures, 6147. A bernene drake borwes swelde, 25594. Halliwell gives sweal, swale to burn.] v. be-, for-, ge-swælan (read -swǽlan); sám-, unfor-swǽled, swelan.
swǽm, es; m. A trifler, vain, foolish person :-- Swǽm nugator, inutilis, vanus, Germ. 389, 32. Ic wylle ðæt Latona móder Apollinis and Diane fram mé gewíten, ðe Delo ákende, ðæs ðe ealde swǽmas gecýddon (as the foolish triflers of old declared), Anglia viii. 325, 29. Nú mæg hér manna gehwilc gehýran hwet ðás swǽmas wǽron ðe ure yldra[n] him tó gebǽdon now may every one hear in this account (of the gods) what these vain creatures were, that our forefathers prayed to, H. Z. xii. 408, 15.
swǽman; p. de To trouble, afflict, grieve. The verb occurs in this sense in later English :-- Ofte hit timeð þat tat leoueste bearn sorheð and sweameð meast his ealdren, H. M. 35, 5. Þe engles beoð isweamed, þat seoð hare suster swa sorhfulliche afallet, 17, 20. Ure Louerd ne mei uor reouðe wernen hire, ne sweamen hire heorte mid wernunge, A. R. 330, 11. Þe swemande sorʒe soʒt to his hert, Allit. Pms. 54, 563. Cf. also: His hert began to melt For veray sweme of this swemeful tale, Lydgate (cited ib. p. 199). Swemyn molestor, mereo; sweem, swemynge or mornynge tristicia, molestia, meror, Prompt. Parv. 482, col. 1. In A. S. only the compound á-swǽman (q. v.) is found, apparently with the meaning to become troubled or grieved. To the instance given under á-swǽman may be added the following :-- Swá Sanctus Paulus cwæþ ðætte God héte ealle ða áswǽman æt heofona ríces dura, ða ðe heora cyrican forlǽtaþ God would bid all those grieve. . ., Blickl. Homl. 41, 34. Sceolde se mín þearfa áswǽman (have cause to grieve) æt ðínre handa, Wulfst. 258, 2. Se sceocca sceall áswǽman æt ús, gif wé ánrǽde beóþ on úrum geleáfan, Homl. Skt. i. 17, 203. v. swámian.
swǽpa, swépa (-e, -o); pl. Sweepings, in compounds (not inserted in proper place) :-- Ǽswǽpe (beánscalu) quisquiliarum, surculi minuti, Hpt. Gl. 420, 59. Áswépa peripsema, 504, 3. Geswǽpa peripsema, Wrt. Voc. ii. 65, 68. Geswépa, geswǽpa (gen-, MS.), 95, 18. Geswépo, 76, 17. Bió hé gehealden for æscegeswáp pro purgamento favillae deputetur, Chart. Th. 318, 33. [O. H. Ger. á-sueipha purgamenta, quisquilias.]
-swǽpe, -swápe. v. hád-, heorþ-, ymb-swǽpe.
swǽpels (m.?); swǽpelse, an; f. A wrap, garment :-- Swǽpels amictus, Ps. Surt. 106, 3. Ða swǽpelsan amicula, Wrt. Voc. ii. 3, 49. [Cf. Icel. sveipa to wrap, swaddle; sveipa a kerchief, hood: Dan. suøbelsebarn child in swaddling-clothes.] v. swápan.
swǽpig; adj. Fraudulent, deceitful :-- Swíépige ɫ swicfulle fraudulentas, Hpt. Gl. 474, 17. v. ge-swip. swipor.
swǽr, swǽre, and swár; adj. [Halliwell gives sweer unwilling as a Northumbrian word, and swere dull, heavy, as a Durham one. In Jamieson's Dictionary the forms sweir, swere, sweer, swear are given with meanings lazy, indolent; unwilling; unwilling to give.] I. heavy as a burden, of great weight (lit. or fig.), oppressive :-- Swǽr is seó byrðen ðe Godes bydel beran sceall, gif hé nele georne unriht forbeódan, L. I. P. 5; Th. ii. 308, 35: Wulfst. 178, 8. Hé bið deófles tempel, and byrð swíðe swǽre byrðene on his bæce, Homl. Th. i. 212, 4. Ðæt swǽre gioc underlútan, Met. 10, 20. His wǽpna syndon swǽre tó berenne, ac Cristes geoc is wynsum, Basil admn. 2; Norm. 36, 14. Sorh biþ swǽrost byrðen, Salm. Kmbl. 623; Sal. 311. Gif míne synna wǽron áwegene on ánre wǽgan, ðonne wǽron hí swǽrran gesewene ðonne sandcorn on sǽ, Homl. Th. ii. 454, 24. II. heavy, grievous, painful, unpleasant :-- Him yldo ne derede, ne suht swáre, Cd. Th. 30, 24; Gen. 472. Swár leger, Exon. Th. 101, 21; Cri. 1662 : 201, 15; Ph. 56. Gebrec swár and swíðlíc a crash grievous and great, 59, 19; Cri. 955. Ðæt hé swǽre áhweorfe hæftnéd hefige, Ps. Th. 125, 1. Ðú þolades swár gewin, Exon. Th. 86, 22; Cri. 1412. Geswencean mid swárum wítum, Homl. Skt. i. 4, 181. Ða swáran (swǽran, other MSS.) wíta onfón, 19, 46. Is swǽrra ðínra synna ród, ðonne seó óþer wæs, ðe ic ǽr ástág, Exon. Th. 91, 10; Cri. 1490. Nis ðys eall geswinc? and gyt mycele swǽrran ealle ða ungelimp ðe on ðysum lífe becumaþ, Hexam. 20; Norm. 28, 26. III. heavy, sad, feeling or expressing grief :-- Ðæt swǽre triste, Wrt. Voc. ii. 88, 49. Mé is swǽre stefn, hefig, gnorniende vox gemitus mei, Ps. Th. 101, 4. IV. of sin or evil, grave, grievous :-- Be hefigtýmum gyllum. Se bróðor se ðe mid swǽrra gylta hæfene bið gedered de grauioribus culpis. Frater qui grauioris culpe noxa tenetur, R. Ben. 49, 13. On scyldum swǽrum in delictis, Ps. Th. 67, 21. Gebundene swárum (var. swǽrum) gyltum, Anglia xi. 113, 38. Ða swǽran gyltas ðe hí ádrugon, Homl. Th. i. 340, 27. Ðú micele swǽrran synna gefremodest, 54, 33. V. of physical or mental inactivity, heavy, slow, dull, sluggish, slothful, indolent :-- Snuér desis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 105, 79. Swǽr deses, 25, 12. Ðú yfle esne and swǽr (swér, Lind.) serve male et piger, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 25, 26. Sum welig man wæs swangor and swǽr, and him wæs láð þearfendum mannum mete tó syllenne, Wulfst. 257, 12. Nis hé swár ne swongor non est tarda, Exon. Th. 220, 4; Ph. 315. On swárran ðisum líchoman in gravi isto corpore, Hymn. Surt. 13, 15. V a. inactive from weakness, enfeebled, weak :-- Mé is mín gást swǽr geworden defecit spiritus meus, Ps. Th. 142, 7. V b. of sleep, heavy :-- Swá fram slǽpe hwylc swǽrum áríse, Ps. Th. 72, 15. Gehefegod mid ðam swǽran slǽpe, Basil admn. 1; Norm. 34, 3. [Forr hefig & forr sware unngriþþ, Orm. 16280. Goth. swérs grave, honoured: O. Sax. swári grievous (sin, sickness) : O. Frs. swére : O. H. Ger. swár, swári gravis, onerosus: Ger. schwer: Icel. svárr (a poetic word) heavy, grave.] v. ge-swǽre.
swǽran; p. de To make heavy, to oppress [:-- Eall se líchama geswǽred byþ and gehefegud, Lchdm. iii. 120, 22.] [O. H. Ger. swáren gravare, praegravare, opprimere; gi-swaren gravare.]
swǽre, swáre; adv. Grievously, oppressively :-- Eam ic swǽre geseald ðǽr ic út swícan ne mæg traditus sum, et non egrediebar, Ps. Th. 87, 8. Se hláford hefig gioc slépte swáre on ða swyran sínra þegena, Met. 9, 56. [Ne set me neuer naþing swa swere (sare, Bodl. MS.), Jul. 46, 10. O. Sax. O. H. Ger. swáro graviter.]
swǽr-líc; adj. Grievous :-- Benedictus mid swǽrlícum heófungum bemǽnde, ðæt his leorningcild ðæs óðres deáðes fægnian sceolde, Homl. Th. ii. 164, 9. [O. H. Ger. swár-líh gravis.]
swǽrlíce (swár-); adv. I. of doing or bearing what is painful, heavily, grievously :-- Nán man ne sceal his wífe geneálǽcan, siððan heó mid bearne swǽrlíce gebunden gǽþ, Homl. Th. ii. 324, 21. Hé sceolde hit mid fæstene swárlíce gebétan, Homl. Skt. i. 21, 261. II. of sleeping, heavily, v. swǽr, V b :-- Wé feóllon on slǽpe swárlíce, swylce wé on deáðe lágon, Homl. Skt. i. 11, 239. [O. H. Ger. swárlíhho graviter.]
swǽr-mód (swár-); adj. Of an indolent, sluggish disposition :-- Sum welig man wæs prútswongor and swǽrmód, and him wæs láð þearfendum mannum mete tó syllenne, Wulfst. 257, 12 MS. D. v. swǽr, V. and next word.
swærmódness (swár-), e; f. Sluggishness of disposition, slowness, dullness :-- Oft mon biþ suíðe wandigende æt ǽlcum weorce and suíðe lætrǽde, and wénaþ menn ðæt hit sié for suármódnesse and for unarodscipe, and biþ ðeáh for wisdóme and for wærscipe (but the Latin is : Saepe agendi tarditas gravitatis consilium putatur), Past. 20; Swt. 149, 15.
swǽrness (swár-), e; f. I. heaviness of a burden (lit. or fig.), weight, v. swǽr, I. :-- Hwí settest ðú ðises folces swárnysse (pondus) uppan mé? Num. 11, 11. Ne mæg ic ána eówre swárnissa (pondus) and eówre saca ácuman, Deut. 1, 12. II. heaviness, want of readiness in moving, sluggishness, v. swǽr, V :-- Nán hæfignes ðæs líchoman ne nán unþeáw ne mæg eallunga átión of his móde ða rihtwísnesse . . . ðeáh sió swǽrnes ðæs líchoman and ða unþeáwas oft ábisegien ðæt mód mid ofergiotolnesse non omne mente depulit lumen obliviosam corpus invehens molem, Bt. 35, 1; Fox 154, 31.
swærnung, swarnung. v. swornian.
swǽs; adj. I. (one's) own; proprius. v. swǽslice, I :-- Ðæt selegescot ðæt ic mé swǽs on ðé gehálgode the tabernacle that I hallowed me as my own in thee, Exon. Th. 90, 29; Cri. 1481., II. the word, which occurs rarely in prose (see, however, the first passage cited), is used mostly in reference to the connection that belongs to relationship by blood or by marriage, or to dear companionship, and so often has the force of (one's) own dear, (one's) dear :-- Ælþeódige mæn . . . swǽse mæn foreigners . . . men of one's own race, natives, L. Wih. 4; Th. i. 38, 2. Biþ him self sunu and swǽs fæder and eác yrfeweard ipsa sibi proles, suus est pater et suus haeres, Exon. Th. 224, 13; Ph. 375. Ic and mín swǽs fæder, Elen. Kmbl. 1032; El. 517. Mín ðæt swǽse bearn! (cf. mín ðæt leófe bearn! 166, 28; Gú. 1049), Exon. Th. 167, 1; Gú. 1053. Swǽs eft ongon (cf. fæder eft ongon etc., 7) his bearn lǽran, 302, 29; Fä. 43. Cwæð brýd tó beorne : 'Mín swǽs freá,' Cd. Th. 168, 15; Gen. 2783. Heó Adame hyre swǽsum were scencte, Exon. Th. 161, 11; Gú. 975. Wið fæder swǽsne, 39, 4; Cri. 617. Gif ðú sunu áge, oððe swǽsne mǽg, oððe freónd ǽnigne, Cd. Th. 150, 28; Gen. 2498 : 203, 11; Exod. 402. Heora swǽs cynn, Ps. Th. 105, 21. Geseh swǽsne geféran he saw his own dear comrade, Andr. Kmbl. 2018; An. 1011. Æfter swǽsne (one's own dear lord), Exon. Th. 289, 18; Wand. 50. Swǽse gesíþas his own familiar comrades, Beo. Th. 57; B. 29. Nǽnig swǽsra gesíða, 3872; B. 1934. Freónda má swǽsra and gesibbra more of friends dear and near, Exon. Th. 408, 34; Rä. 27, 22. Freóndum swǽsum and gesibbum, Cd. Th. 97, 13; Gen. 1612. Hé hét hine (Beowulf) leóde swǽse sécean. Beo. Th. 3741; B. 1868. Mǽgburge swǽse and gesibbe my kindred, dear and near ones (or dear and near kindred), Exon. Th. 397, 19; Rä. 16, 22. Twá dohtor, swáse gesweostor, 431, 29; Rä. 47, 3. III. with a development of meaning similar to that in kind or gentle; gracious, kind, agreeable, pleasant (used of persons or things). v. swǽs-líc :-- Swǽs vel wynsum eucharis, Wrt. Voc. i. 61, 17. Líþe, swǽs blanda, ii. 127, 2. Tunge swǽse tóbrycþ heardnysse lingua mollis confringit duritiam, Scint. 8, 17. Drihten is niðum swǽs suavis est Dominus, Ps. Th. 99, 4. Ðú swǽs tó mé ðín eáre onhyld, 101, 2. Þeáh ðe ic on hyld gegange, ðænne swǽs wese when it may be agreeable, 131, 3. On sóðfæstra swǽsum múðe in the gracious mouth of the just, 117, 15. Weredum beóbreáde vel swǽsum dulci favo, Wrt. Voc. ii. 142, 9. Fram swésere tungan a blanda lingua, Kent. Gl. 159. Steorran forléton hyra swǽsne wlite the stars resigned their sweet beauty, Exon. Th. 71, 1; Cri. 1149. Sete swǽse geheald múðe mínum set pleasant guard for my mouth, Ps. Th. 140, 4. Beseoh on ðíne scealcas swǽsum eágum (with gracious eyes), 89, 18. Swǽsum wordum dulcibus verbis, Coll. Monast. Th. 32, 31: blandimentis, Gl. Prud. 43 a. Swáse swegldreámas, Exon. Th. 82, 35; Cri. 1349. [Goth. swés GREEK; swés; subst. property: O. Sax. swás (man) : O. Frs. swés near, related : O. H. Ger. swás familiaris, domesticus : Icel. sváss beloved, dear; pleasant.] v. ge-, un-swǽs; swǽs-líc.
swǽse; adv. Agreeably, pleasantly [:-- Geswǽse blandide, Wrt. Voc. ii. 127, 5].
swǽsend-dagas (swǽsing-); pl. The ides; the Latin term seems to be so rendered from supposing it to be connected with the verb edere; v. next word :-- Swǽsingdagas idus, ab edendo dicuntur, Wrt. Voc. i. 53, 37. Swǽsenddagas idus, ab edendo, ii. 62, 27: 48, 55.
swǽsende, es; but occurring almost always in pl. swǽsendu (-a, -o); n. I. food, victuals, refection :-- Swǽsende fercula, Wrt. Voc. ii. 35, 19. Swǽsendo fercula, cibaria, 147, 83. Hé þanc gesægde ðá hé gereordod wæs : 'Ðé ðissa swǽsenda Meotud leán forgilde,' Andr. Kmbl. 771; An. 386. Ðæt hí on his hús ne eodon ne of his swǽsendum mete ðygedon ne domum ejus intrarent neque de cibis illius acciperent, Bd. 3, 22; S. 553, 28. Mid hígna suésendum (the articles of food are then given). Ond ðás forecnedenan suésenda all ágefe mon ðem reogolwarde, Txts. 444, 14-26. Ða ilcan wísan on swǽsendum tó mínre tíde léstan (cf. hígon gefeormian tó mínre tíde, 449, 9), 450, 1. Suoesendo agapem, 39, 108. Swǽsendo, Wrt. Voc. ii. 2, 22. Ælmessum swǽsendo, 5, 35. Ða six Sunnandagas ðe wé swǽsendo on habbaþ the six Sundays in Lent when we may take meat (cf. nán dæg (in Lent) ne sý bútan Sunnandagum ánum, ðæt ǽnig mon ǽniges metes brúce ǽr ðære teóðan tíde oððe ðære twelfte, L. E. I. 37; Th. ii. 436, 6-8), Wulfst. 284, 5. Ðone mete and ða swǽsendo dapes, Bd. 3, 6; S. 528, 20. ¶ In phrases :-- Gán tó swǽsendum to go to dinner; ire ad reficiendum, 5, 4; S. 617, 18. Sittan æt or tó swǽsendum to sit at meat, take a meal :-- Hí æt beóde and æt swǽsendum sǽton sederunt ad mensam, 5, 5; S. 617, 10: Cd. Th. 168, 7; Gen. 2779. Sittan tó his swǽsendum residens ad epulas, Bd. 3, 14; S. 540, 42 : 5, 5; S. 618, 17. Woldon wé tó úrum swǽsendum sittan ceperamus uelle epulari, Nar. 21, 12. Ðá hét ic eallne ðone here ðæt hé tó swǽsendum sǽte and mete þigde cenare militem jussi, 23, 8. Swǽsende, swǽsenda þicgan to take food :-- Sæt hé and swǽsende ðeah and dranc (sæt hé on swǽsendum and æt and dranc, MS. B.) residebat, vescebatur, bibebat, Bd. 5, 5; S. 618, 18. Hé on his hús eode and his swǽsendo ðeah intravit epulaturus domum ejus, Bd. 3, 22; S. 553, 30. Swá ðæt hé nǽfre mete onféng ne swǽsendo ðeah ita ut nihil unquam cibi vel potus perciperet, 4, 25; S. 599, 29. Swǽsendo þicgean jejunium solvere, prandere, 5, 4; S. 617, 13, 16. Swǽsenda (up) girwan to prepare a feast, Judth. Thw. 21, 7; Jud. 9. Symbel &l-bar; swoese (swoesende ?) mín ic gearuade prandium meum paravi, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 22, 4. II. flatteries, blandishments, fair speech. v. swǽs. III. ge-swǽsness, swǽslǽcan :-- Swésendum blanditiis, Kent. Gl. 212. v. dæg-, undern-swǽsendu (-o).
swǽslǽcan; p. -lǽhte To flatter, cajole, speak fair :-- Hió swéslécþ blanditur, Kent. Gl. 194. v. ge-swǽslǽcan.
swǽs-líc; adj. Kindly, pleasant, agreeable :-- Sárge gé ne sóhton, ne him swǽslíc word frófre gé sprǽcon, Exon. Th. 92, 20; Cri. 1511. He (Antecrist) winþ ongeán Godes gecorenan mid swǽslícum gifum. Hé sylþ ðam, ðe on hine gelýfaþ, goldes and seolfres genyhða, Wulfst. 196, 21. [O. Frs. swés-lík familiaris : O. H. Ger. swás-líh privatus, civilis, familiaris.] v. un-swǽslíc, and next word.
swǽslíce; adv. I. properly. v. swǽs, I :-- Wé andettaþ swǽslíce and sóþlíce Fæder and Sunu and Háligne Gást confitemur proprie et veraciter Patrem et Filium et Spiritum Sanctum, Bd. 4, 17; S. 585, 36. II. of persons, kindly, in a gracious, friendly manner, blandly; of things, agreeably, pleasantly. v. swǽs, III :-- Ða nán lust yfel swǽslíce gewemþ eos nulla voluptas mala blande corrumpit, Scint. 3, 10. Him (the good) swǽslíce (cf, on ðæt fræte folc (the evil) hé firene stǽleþ láþum wordum, 84, 17; Cri. 1375) sibbe geháteþ heáhcyning, Exon. Th. 82, 15; Cri. 1339. Nealles swǽslíce mé wæs síð álýfed the way was not made easy for me, Beo. Th. 6169; B. 3089. Cóman him tó and hine swǽslíce grétton, Homl. Skt. i. 5, 210. Busiris wolde ǽlcne cuman swíþe árlíce underfón and swíþe swǽslíce wiþ gebǽran (behave in a very friendly manner to him), ac eft hé (the guest) sceolde beón ofslegen, Bt. 16, 2; Fox 52, 32. Tó fela manna is ðe þurh hiwunge eal óðer specaþ, óþer hý þencaþ . . . and swá geráde mánswican on ða wísan swǽslíce swiciaþ (deceive under an appearance of friendliness. v. swǽslǽcan, swǽsness), Wulfst. 55, 6. Swǽslíce swicole deceiving with fair words, 79, 4: 82, 2. [O. Sax. swáslíko friendlily : O. H. Ger. swáslíhho familiariter.]
swǽsness, e; f. Blandishment, fair speech :-- Swǽsnyssum blandimentis, lenociniis, Hpt. Gl. 481, 10. Gé Godes cempan, gé áwurpaþ eówerne cynehelm for ðám earmlícan swǽsnyssum (the appeals made to your feelings) ðissera heófiendra. Ne áwurpe gé eówerne sige for wífa swǽsnyssum, Homl. Skt. i. 5, 54-58. Ðæt hé ðissere worulde swǽsnyssa (blanditias) warnige, Scint. 216, 12. v. ge-swǽsness.
swǽsung, e; f. A making pleasant, an alleviation, a mitigation :-- Swǽsunga fomenta, Wrt. Voc. ii. 150, 7.
swǽs-wyrde; adj. Of pleasant speech, pleasant in speech; facetus, Wrt. Voc. i. 61, 18.
swǽtan; p. te To sweat. I. of the natural moisture of the skin :-- Ðætte hé swá swíþe swǽtte swá hé in swoloþan middes sumeres wǽre quia ita, quasi in media aestatis caumate, sudaverit, Bd. 3, 19; S. 549, 29. Sitte hé on bæþe óó ðæt hé swǽte . . . óþ hé wel swǽte, Lchdm. ii. 290, 1-6. Ðæt se mon swǽte swíþe, 332, 2 : iii. 8, 11. Hé ongan blácian and ungefóhlíce swǽtan, Homl. Th. i. 414, 12: Wulfst. 141, 3. I a. to sweat with hard labour, so to toil :-- Ðæm ðe nú on gódum weorcum ne swǽt and suíðe ne suinceþ qui nunc in bonis operibus non exsudat, Past. 39, 2; Swt. 285, 13. Sume sceufon, sume tugon and swýðe swǽtton, óð ðæt hig geteorode wǽron, Shrn. 154, 27. Winnende vel swǽtende desudans, i. laborans, Wrt. Voc. ii. 139, 37. II. to sweat, send forth like sweat, to exude (of persons or things) :-- Hí fleóþ and blóde hí swǽtaþ, Nar. 35, 33. Fýre swǽtaþ blácan líge they sweat fire and flame. Exon. Th. 385, 12; Rä. 4, 43. Mon geseah twegen sceldas blóde swǽtan (sanguine sudare), Ors. 4, 8; Swt. 188, 25. Hí gemétton ðone clúd swǽtende, Homl. Th. ii. 162, 6. II a. to send forth blood, to bleed, v. swát, II b. :-- Hit ǽrest ongan swǽtan on ða swíðran healfe, Rood Kmbl. 39; Kr. 20. [Icel. sveita to sweat.] v. á-, be-, ge-swǽtan; swítan.
swæþ, es; n. I. a track, the mark left by a moving body, a single footprint or a series of footprints (lit. or fig.) :-- Mé (the plough) biþ gongendre mín swæð sweotol, Exon. Th. 403, 19; Rä. 22, 10. Ðonne fylge wé Drihtnes swæþe. Blickl. Homl. 75, 14: Rtl. 26, 5. Ðonne stæpþ se sacerd on ðone weg, ðonne hé on ðæt swæð ðara háligra winnaþ tó spyriganne, Past. 13; Swt. 77, 20: pref.; Swt. 5, 16. Deáþ ne forlǽt nán swæþ ǽr hé geféhþ ðæt ðæt hé æfter spyreþ. Bt. 39, 1; Fox 212, 1: Met. 27, 14. Weard sáweþ on swæð mín (the plough's), Exon. Th. 403, 11; Rä. 22, 6. Swearte wǽran lástas, swaþu swíþe blacu, 434, 19; Rä. 52, 3. Ða swaðo wǽron útwearde ongunnen ðe on ðæm marmanstáne geméted wǽron, Blickl. Homl. 207, 11. Swylce mannes swaðu, ðon gelícost ðe ðǽr sum mon gestóde; and ða fótlástas wǽron swutole, 203, 35. Alle suæðo omnes semite, Rtl. 81, 20. Forlét úre Drihten his fét on ða eorþan besincan . . . leóhtfæt biþ á byrnende for ðara swaþa weorþunga, Blickl. Homl. 127, 31. Suoeðum, suæðum semitis. Rtl. 167, 1, 13. II. a vestige, trace :-- Hwæt is elles ðiós gewítendlíce sibb búton swelce hit sié sum swæð ðære écean sibbe quod est enim pax transitoria, nisi quoddam vestigium pacis aelernae? Past. 46, 5; Swt. 351, 25. v. bil-, dolh-, fót-swæþ; swaþu.
swæþ (?), swaþu (?) a bandage, swathe :-- In swaþum institis (v. Jn. 11, 44 to which the gloss refers), Wrt. Voc. ii. 74, 17: 46, 51. v. sweþel, sweþian.
swæðer, swaðer (= swá hwæðer, cf. O.H. Ger. sueder). I. pronoun. Whichever of two :-- Swaðer uncer leng wǽre, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. ii. 113, 20, 25. Hwæðres ðara yfela is betere ǽr tó tilianne búton swæðres swæðer frécenlícre is quae pestis ardentius insequenda est, nisi quae periculosius premit? Past. 62; Swt. 457, 22. Dó swæþer ðú wille do whichever you like, Bt. 39, 4; Fox 218, 10. II. in combination with swá. . . swá. . . either. . . or. . . whichever, whether. . . or :-- Hé móste swá geceósan swá áweorpan swaþer (swæðer, other MSS.) hé wolde licuit ei excusare aut suscipere, R. Ben. 99, 15. Beón swæðer hig beón, swá (þe, other MSS.) sacerdhádes swá clerichádes, 110, 7. Gewylde man hine swaðor man mǽge, swá cucenne swá deádne, L. Edg. ii. 7; Th. i. 268, 17. Hí gefeallaþ on ða heortan suá nytt suá unnyt suæðer hié beóþ (whether they be profitable or unprofitable). Past. 15; Swt. 97, 2: 14; Swt. 85, 15. Biþ ǽlc gód weorc gód, sié swá open swá dégle, swæðer hit sié, 59; Swt. 451, 14. Wyl wermód swá drígne swá grénne swaþer hé hæbbe boil wormwood, either dry or green, whichever he have, Lchdm. ii. 296, 14. Ðeáh wé spirian swá mid læs worda swá mid má swæþer wé hit gereccan mágon though we use more or less words in our enquiry, according as we can explain the matter, Bt. 35, 5; Fox 166, 12: 36, 7; Fox 184, 16. Hí móston dón swá gód swá yfel, swæþor swá hí woldon, 41, 2; Fox 246, 2.
swæð-hlýpe, swæþian, swæðorian, swæðrung, swagoþ, swalewe, swaloíð. v. stæþ-hlípe, ge-swæþian, swaðrian, ge-swæðrung, swégan, swealwe, sweoloþ.
swámian; p. ode To become dark :-- Rodor swámode ofer niðða bearn heaven grew dark above the children of men, i.e. night came. Exon. Th. 167, 33; Gú. 1069. v. á-swámian; swǽman.
swamm, es; m. A fungus, mushroom; also a sponge :-- Suom, suamm fungus, Txts. 65, 938. Swamm oððe feldswam fungus. Wrt. Voc. ii. 36, 22. Swom fungus, spongus, dicta ab uligine, 152, 21. Ðes swam hoc tuber (cf. tubera taddechcse (= toadstool), Wfllck. Gl. 618, 4), Ælfc. Gr. 9, 18; Zup. 44, 1. Nym hláf and sealt and swamm, and cnuca hit eal tógadere, Lchdm. iii. 94, 21. Syle etan gebrǽdne swam, 142, 11. Sinwealte swammas volvi, Wrt. Voc. i. 30, 28. For mete heo sceal sume hwíle swamma brúcan; wundorlíce heo geeácnaþ, Lchdm. i. 346, 8. [Goth. swamms a sponge: O.H. Ger. swamm, swamp fungus, tuber: Ger. schwamm sponge, fungus, excrescence: Du. zwam: Icel. svöppr a sponge: Dan. svamp sponge, fungus: Swed. swamp.] v. feld-, mete-swamm.
swan, swon, es; m. A swan :-- Suan holor, Wrt. Voc. ii. 110, 42. Swan, 43, 7. Suon olor, 115, 45. Swon, ilfetu, 63, 40; alvor, 6, 55. Swann olor, i. 62, 12. Swan diomedia, 63, 14. Swanes feðre, Exon. Th. 207, 6; Ph. 137. For instances of the word in local names, see swonleáh, swonweg, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 48, 78. [O.L. Ger. swan: O.H. Ger. swan; m., swana; f. cygnus: Icel. svanr.]
swán, es; m. I. a herd, particularly a swineherd; the herds of swine formed a very important item in the live-stock of the Anglo-Saxons. v. swín. For some account of the duties and rights of different kinds of swánas, see L. R. S. 6, 7; Th. i. 436 :-- Suán subulcus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 121, 59: flabanus, 108, 72. Swán, 35, 66: bubullus (-cus?), in a list de suibus, i. 286, 58: ii. 11. 59. Hiene án swán (subulcus, Flor. Wig.) ofstang, Chr. 755; Erl. 48, 23. Hé (Alfred) on sumes swánes (the swán is called vaccarius in the Latin Vita S. Neoti, but in other forms of the story, e.g. Matthew of Westminster's, he is subulcus and drives 'porcos ad solita pascua') húse his hléw gernde . . . Hit gelamp ðæt ðæs swánes wíf hǽtte hire ofen . . . and cwæþ tó ðan kinge: 'Wænd ðú ða hláfes ðæt heó ne forbeornen, for ðam ic geseó dæighwamlíce ðæt ðú micelǽte eart. Shrn. 16, 13-20. Swána steorra (cf. swán-steorra) hesperius. Wrt. Voc. ii. 43, 39. Oxena hierdas bobulcos, swánas subulcos, 80, 18. Cúhyrdas bubulcos, swánas subulcos, Hpt. Gl. 464, 23. II. a man, warrior (? cf. Icel. sveinn) :-- Ne gefrægn ic nǽfre wurðlícor æt wera hilde sixtig sigebeorna sél gebǽran, ne nǽfre swánas swétne medu (swa noc hwitne, Hickes) sél forgyldan, Fins. Th. 78; Fin. 39. [The form which in later English should be taken by the word is swon, and this is found in Palladius on Husbandry: Thy swon may se thaire (the pigs') nombr and up save The oppressed pigge, 3, 1086. It has not, however, come into modem English; the corresponding Scandinavian form, Icel. sveinn =boy, lad, man, servant, on the other hand, remains in swain. Early instances of its occurrence are; His sweyn (also swain) Leir forþ sende þat was hiredman hende. Laym. 3512. Þreo cnihtes and heore sweines, 18128. Erl ne barun, knict ne sweyn, Havel. 273. Cf. too Dan. svend boy, lad, journeyman: Swed. swen. O.H. Ger. swén, like swán, =subulcus.] v. ǽhte-, gafol-, in-swán.
swancor; adj. Bending easily. 1. of a horse (cf.Icel. svangr used in the same connection), slender, slim, active and graceful in movement :-- þrió wicg swancor and sadolbeorhte, Beo. 4356; B. 2175. [Jamieson gives swank slender; limber, agile: swanking supple, active: swanky tall and lank: swanky a strapping young countryman.] II. pliant, supple :-- Hine Níðhád on néde legde swoncre seonobende supple sinew-bands (? see seonu-bend). Exon. Th. 377, 19; Deór. 6. [Cf. M.H. Ger. swankel: Ger. schwank flexible, slim: Swed. swank a bend; swank; adj. pliable, flexible; swank-rem girth-leather,] III. without firmness, feeble, weak :-- Mín sául gewearð swancur on móde ðǽr ic on ðínre hǽlu hogode defecit in salutari tuo anima mea, Ps. Th. 118, 81.
swane-wyrt (?), Lchdm. ii. 74, 20.
swán-geréfa, an; m. An officer whose duties were connected with the management of forests in respect to the pasturing of swine in them and to the use of wood. He seems to have been under the direct control of the alderman :-- Ðá (at a gemót in 825) wæs tiolo micel spréc ymb wuduléswe tó súðtúne ongægum west on scýrhylte waldon ða swángeréfan ða lǽswe forður gedrífan ond ðone wudu geþiogan (-cgan, Thorpe) ðon hit aldgeryhto wéron ðon cuæð se biscop and ðara hína wiotan ðet hió him néren máran ondeta ðon hit árǽded wæs on Aeðelbaldes dæge ðrím hunde swína mæst ond se biscop (and) ða hígen (tugen, Kemble) áhten twæde ðæs wuda ond ðæs mæstes . . . In ða tiid wæs hama suángeréfa tó súðtúne and hé rád ðæt hé wæs et ceastre and ðone aað gesceáwade suá hine his aldormon héht Eádwulf there was then a very great case about pasture in the wood at Sutton (in Worcestershire). The swain-reeves wanted to push the pasture and take the wood beyond the old rightful limits. The bishop and the counsellors of the brethren said, that they would never make further admission to them than was contained in the terms settled in Ethelbald's time :-- mast for three hundred swine, and the bishop and brethren should have two-thirds of the wood and of the mast. . . At that time Hama was swainreeve at Sutton, and he rode to Worcester and watched the oath (taken by the bishop in support of his case), as his alderman Eadwulf (Eadwulf dux is a witness to the charter) bade him, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. i. 278-279. See Kemble's Saxons in England, ii. 177; 81: and cf. the later swain-mote, which is a court touching matters of the forest.
swangor; adj. Heavy in movement of the body or mind, slow, slothful, sluggish, indolent, (a) physically :-- Nis hé (the Phenix) swár ne swongor swá sume fuglas ða ðe late þurh lyft lácaþ fiþrum ac hé is snel and swift non est tarda, ut volucres quae corpore magno incessus pigros per grave pondus habent, sed levis et velox, Exon. Th. 220, 4; Ph. 315. (b) metaphorically :-- Hé wæs swangor (prútswangor, MS. D.) and swǽr, and him wæs láð þearfendum mannum mete tó syllenne, Wulfst. 257, 12. Nalæs eallum monnum swongrium (swengum, MS. B.: suongrum, Bd. M.) and heora lífes. ungemyndum non omnibus desidiosis ac vitae suae incuriosis, Bd. 5, 12; S. 630, 38. [O.H. Ger. swangar gravidus, praegnans: Du. zwanger: Dan. swanger.]
swangorness, e ; f. Heaviness, torpor, sloth, indolence, sluggishness :-- Ic wát ðæt swongorness hí ofsit and hí mid slǽwþe ofercymþ, Bt. 36, 6; Fox 180, 33. Ðæt is ðæt hé ða Godes gifa becnytte on ðæm sceáte his slǽwðe and hé for his swongornesse hié gehýde pecuniam quippe in sudario ligare est percepta dona sub otio lenti torporis abscondere, Past. 9; Swt. 59, 16. Ðæt is ðonne ðæt mon his eáge lǽte slápian ðæt mon for his unwísdóme and for his suongornesse ne mǽge ongietan ða unðeáwas ðara ðe him underðiédde beóþ. Ne slǽpþ se nó fæsðe ac hnappaþ se ðe gecnáwan mæg hwæt tǽlwierðe biþ and suáðeáh for his módes swongornesse oððe réceliéste forwandaþ ðæt hé béte his hiéremenn somnum quippe oculis dare est intentione cessante subditorum curam negligere . . . Non autem dormire, sed dormitare, est quae quidem reprehenda sunt cognoscere, sed tamen propter mentis taedium dignis ea increpationibus non emendare, 28; Swt. 195, l-10.
swán-riht, es; n. Law concerning the swán (q.v.):-- On manegum landum gebyreþ deópre swánriht, L. R. S. 6; Th. i. 436, 15.
swán-steorra, an; m. The herd's star, the evening star :-- Suánsteorra vesper, Wrt. Voc. ii. 123, 42. Cf. swána steorra under swán.
swápan; p. sweóp; pp. swápen To sweep, I. trans, (a) To sweep with a brush (lit. or metaph.):-- Ic swápe uerro, Ælfc. Gr. 28, 4; Zup. 169, 14. Ic sweóp gást mínne scopebam spiritum meum, Ps. Spl. 76, 6. (b) to sweep, move (something) with the action of one sweeping :-- Swápeþ sigeméce mid ðære swíðran hond ðæt deófol gefeallaþ in sweartne lég he shall sweep the victorious blade with the right hand, so that devils shall fall into dark flame, Exon. Th. 93, 24; Cri. 1531. [Mid beseme clene swopen scopis mundatam, O. E. Homl. ii. 87, 10. Me wule swopen þin hus, Misc. 176, 151: Fragm. Phlps. 7, 6. Heó swopeð þe duste awei, A. R. 314, 6. Clensi and zuope þe herte. Ayenb. 109, 5. Chaucer has swope, swoope.] II. intrans. To sweep, have a sweeping motion, drive; the form and much of the sense belong to swoop :-- Húse on munte on swift wind swápeþ (cf. hús on munte full ungemetlíc wind gestent, Bt. 12; Fox 36, 16) montis cacumen protervus auster totis viribus urget, Met. 7, 20. Cf. answeóp, -suaep afflarat (at-, ad-), Txts. 38, 32. Onsweóp, 43, 235. Brim wíde wǽðde, wælfæðmum sweóp, Cd. 208, 9; Exod. 480. Hé geseah swápendum (or under I. b) windum ðone lég ðæs fýres ofer ðære burge wallas áhefenne (se wind ðæt fýr ofer ða wallas dráf, MS. B.) cum ventis ferentibus globos ignis supra muros urbis exaltari conspiceret, Bd. 3, 16; S. 542, 37. Cf. onsuápen instincta, Wrt. Voc. ii. 111, 79. Inswápen, 44, 35. [Swyfte swaynes ful swyþe swepen þertylle, Allit. Pms. 83, 1509.] III. to wrap. v. be-, ymb-swápan. [O.H. Ger. sweifan to swing. Cf. Icel. sveipa (wk.) to sweep, stroke; make a sweeping stroke with a weapon; wrap, swaddle.] v. á-, for-, tó-, ymb-swápan.
swara in áþ-swara :-- Ðes áðswara hoc jus jurandum, Ælfc. Gr. 14; Zup. 88, 6.
swarcan, swarcian, swáre. v. swearcan, swearcian, swǽre.
swarian. v. and-swarian. [Icel. svara to answer: Dan. svare. He wass wis to swarenn and to fraʒʒnenn, Orm. 8938. He called to his chamberlayn, þat cofly hym swared, Gaw. 2011.]
swaring (-ung), swarnian, swarnung, swart, v. áþ-swaring, swornian, swornung, sweart.
swaru (1) swer in an-swer. v. and-swaru. [Cf. Icel. svar; n. answer: Dan. svar. Forrhwi ʒho ʒaff swillc sware onnʒæn, Orm. 2422.] (2) swearing, oath, v. áþ-, mán-, mánáþ- (be mánáþsware de perjurio, L. Ecg. C. tit. 34; Th. ii. 130, 24) swaru. [Mid false sware, O.E. Homl. ii. 259, 35. Of alle sunnen . . . of sum uals word, of sware, A.R. 344, 3. He sahtnesse mid sware (treoðe, 1st MS.) hadde ifastned, Laym. 10893.]
swát, es; n. [The passages in which the gender is marked are doubtful. Ðæt swót. Lchdm. iii. 98, 17, occurs in a late MS.; ísen swát, ii. 296, 18, may be a compound; ða swát, iii. 72, 28, may be a mistake for spátl, v. ii. 56, 15. Dutch has a neuter, German and Scandinavian have masculines.] I. sweat, perspiration:-- Seofoðe (the seventh of the constituents from which Adam was made) wæs deáwes pund, ðanon him (Adam) becom swát, Salm. Kmbl. 180. 15. Suát, Rtl. 192, 17. His swát (sudor) wæs swylce blódes dropan, Lk. Skt. 22, 44. Of ealdum cláðum ðe beóþ eal on swáte, Homl. Ass. 35, 280. Swá ða swát (but ii. 56, 15 has spátl), beóþ missenlícu, Lchdm. iii. 72, 28. Ia. that which exudes like sweat :-- Ðanne þeó brǽde geswáte nim ðæt swót when the roast meat sweats, take that which exudes, Lchdm. iii. 98, 17. Ib. that which lies on anything as sweat lies on the skin (?) :-- Wiþ gongelwæfran bite, smít on ísen swát (isen-swát?), ii. 296, 18. II. used of other moisture that comes from the body, (1) foam :-- Mið swáte cum spuma, Lk. Skt. Rush. 9, 39. (2) blood :-- Saga mé hwæt ðæs lifigendan mannes gleng sý. Ic ðé secge ðæs deádan swát, Salm. Kmbl. 200, 10. Geseoh seolfes swæðe, swá ðín swát ágeát, blódige stíge, Andr. Kmbl. 2881; An. 1443: 2552; An. 1277: Beo. Th. 5380; B. 2693. Him for swenge swát ǽdrum sprong forð under fexe, 5925; B. 2966. Beswyled mid swátes gange, Rood Kmbl. 45; Kr. 23. On róde ðú ðín blód águte for heó and [hý] mid ðínum ðam æþelan swáte gebohtest, Wulfst. 255, 23. Cwealmdreóre, monnes swáte, Cd. Th. 60, 24; Gen. 986. Be sídan ðǽr Hǽlend his swát forlét, 299, 6; Sat. 545 : Andr. Kmbl. 1935; An. 970: Exon. Th. 88, 33; Cri. 1449. III. sweat that comes from labour, hence labour, toil :-- Ðǽr wæs suíðe suíðlíc ILLEGIBLE and ðǽr wæs micel swát ágoten and ðeáh ne meahte monn him of ániman ðone miclan rust multo labore sudatum est, et non exivit de ea nimia rubigo ejus, Past. 37, 3; Swt. 269, 12. On swáte ðínes andwlilan ðú brícst ðínes hláfes. Gen. 3, 19. Se man on gewinne and on swáte hé leofaþ, Blickl. Homl. 59, 36: Cd. Th. 33, 8; Gen. 482. [O. Sax. O. Frs. swét: Du. zweet; n.: O.H. Ger. sweiz: M. H. Ger. sweiz sweat; blood: Ger. schweiss; m.: Icel. sweiti wk. m.: Dan. sved; m.: Swed. swett; m.] v. heaðu-, hilde-swát; swǽtan, and next word.
-swat; adj. in ge-swat sweaty, sweating :-- Ðara breósta biþ deáwig wǽtung, swá swá sié geswát, Lchdm. ii. 258, 18. Gebeþe ða hamma mid ðam stánbaðe; ðonne hié sién geswáte, ðonne recce hé ða bán, 68, 6.
swátan (swatan? v. Engl. Stud. viii. 479); pl. Beer :-- Swatan cervtsia, Wrt. Voc. i. 290, 62: ii. 17, 25. Áwyl on súrum swátum oþþe on súrum ealað. Lchdm. ii. 34, 15. [Jamieson gives swaits new ale or wort; but also swats new ale; the thin part of flummery.]
swát-cláþ, es; m. A handkerchief, towel, napkin; sudarium :-- Se apostol him ásende his swatcláð . . . Hé wearð álýsed swá hraðe swá se swátcláð hine hrepode, Homl. Th. ii. 414, 21-25. [cf. O.H. Ger. sweiz-túh sudarium, orarium: Ger. schweiss-tuch handkerchief: Icel. sveita-dúkr a napkin: Dan. svede-dug a handkerchief.] v. swát-lln.
swát-fáh; adj. Blood-stained :-- Oft æt hilde gedreás swátfag and sweordwund sec[g] æfter óðrum, Vald. 1, 5. Swátfáh syrce, Beo. Th. 2226; B. 1111.
Swa-ðeód, swaðor. v. Sweó-þeód, swæðer.
swaðrian, swæðorian; p ode To retreat, withdraw, subside :-- Geofon swaðrode . . . geótende gegrind grund eall forswealg, Andr. Kmbl. 3169; An. 1587. Hærn eft onwand . . . wædu swæðorodon, 1066; An. 533. Brimu swaþredon, ðæt ic sǽnæssas geseón mihte, Beo. Th. 1145; B. 570. v. sweðrian.
swaðu, e; f. A track, trace, footstep, vestige; left in swathe a row of mown grass :-- On Oliuetes dúne syndon nú gyt ða swæþe Drihtnes fótlásta . . . ne mihte seó his swaðu beón ðǽm óðrum fiórum geonlícod . . . ða his swaða syndon monnum tó écre láre . . . men mihton sceáwian Drihtnes fóta swaðe. Shrn. 80, 35-81, 15. Næs bútan seó swáðu (the trace of a wound, scar) on, 05, 3. Wé sóðfæstes swaðe folgodon, Andr. Kmbl. 1346; An. 673. Him on swaðe fylgeþ follows in his track, pursues him, Salm. Kmbl. 186; Sal. 92: Exon. Th. 397, 25; Rä. 16, 25: 487, 23; Rä. 74. Hæleð lágon, on swaðe sǽton sat in the track, were left dead in the track of the retreating force. Cd. Th. 125, 10; Gen. 2077: 127, 21; Gen. 2114: Andr. Kmbl. 2844; An. 1424. Hié (the defeated Assyrians) on swaðe reston, Judth. Thw. 26, 11; Jud. 322. On swaðe feóllon æðelinga bearn. Cd. Th. 120, 28; Gen. 2001. Hig unc ásetton on óðre healfe ðære eá, ðæt ða ne mihton uncre swaðe findon, Shrn. 42, 3. Nǽnige swaðe his nullum ejus vestigium, Bd. 4, 23; S. 595, 3. Þeáh ælda bearn lástas míne sécaþ, ic swaþe míne bemíþe, Exon. Th. 500, 26; Rä. 89, 12. Swæðe, Andr. Kmbl. 2880; An. 1443. Ða swaþe áwuniaþ reogollíces lífes regularis vitae vestigia permanent, Bd. 4, 3; S. 566, 43. Sweðe míne vestigia mea, Ps. Surt. 16, 5: 17, 37. v. dolh-, fót-, swát-, weald-, wund-swaþu; swæþ.
swaþu? :-- Swína swaþu suesta, Wrt. Voc. i. 286, 56. Suína suadu (sceadu, Corp. Gloss.) suesta, sivesta, Txts. 98, 972.
swaþul, es; m. That which swathes or wraps (? v. sweþel) :-- Ðæs ne wéndon witan Scyldinga ðæt hit (the hall) manna ǽnig tóbrecan meahte nymþe líges fæðm swulge on swaþule unless the flame's embrace swallowed up the house in its swathing fire, i.e. unless the house were completely wrapt in flames (Thorpe would read swaloðe = heat, v. sweoloþ: Grein translates the word by rauchqualm; compare Ger. schwaden vapour: M.H. Ger. swadem: O.H. Ger. swedan cremare), Beo. Th. 1568; B. 782.
swatig; adj. I. sweaty :-- Ða ongan hé hine baðian swá swátigne cum sudans in amnem descendisset, Ors. 3, 9; Swt. 124, 31. Godes engel mid handcláðe wípaþ ðine swátigan limu, Homl. Th. i. 426, 31. II. bloody :-- Sweord wæs swátig, Beo. Th. 3143; B. 1569. Sweord and swátigne helm, Judth. Thw. 26, 20; Jud. 338. Ðú meaht geseón on mínre sídan swátge wunde, Exon. Th. 89, 19; Cri. 1459. [M.H. Ger. sweizec: Ger. schweissig: Icel. sweitugr.]
swátig-hleór; adj. Having a sweaty face :-- Ðú scealt swátighleór ðínne hláf etan (in the sweat of eny brow shall enon eat bread. Gen. 3, 19), Cd. Th. 57, 27; Gen. 934.
swát-lín, es; n. A napkin, handkerchief :-- Swátlín sudorium, Wrt. Voc. ii. 73, 68. On ðæm swátlíne (in sudarium) ðe Xrist ymbe spræc on his godspelle. Past. 9; Swt. 59, 13. Ðín pund ðe ic hæfde on swát-lín (in sudario) áléd, Lk. Skt. 19, 20. v. swát-cláþ.
swát-swaþu, e; f. A bloody track :-- Wæs sió swátswaþu Sweóna and Geáta, wælrǽs wera, wíde gesýne, Beo. Th. 5884; B. 2946.
swat-þyrel, es; n. A pore :-- Swátþyrlu pori i. spiramenta unde sudor emanat. Wrt. Voc. i 44, 25. [Cf. Swete-holle porus, Wrt. Voc. i. 209, 9. Swet-hole, Cath. Ang. 373, col. 2. O.H. Ger. sweiz-loh : Ger. schweiss-loch a pore: Icel. sweita-bora: Dan. swede-hul.]
swealwe, swealewe, an; f. A swallow :-- Suualuae, suualuuae, suualuue progna, Txts. 90, 828. Sualuuae, sualuae, sualuue hirundo, 68, 498. Swealwe, Wrt. Voc. ii. 43, 5. Swalowe, swaluwe, swalewe, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 3; Zup. 37, 7. Storc and swalewe, Homl. Th. i. 404, 25. Genim swealwan nest, Lchdm. ii. 100, 18. Swolwan, iii. 44, 13. Genim swealwan, gebærn tó ahsan, ii. 156, 8. Hú ða swalawan on him sǽton and sungon . . . . Twá swalewan heora sang up áhófon and hí setton on ða sculdra ðæs hálgan weres Gúðláces, Guthl. 10; Gdwin. 52, 3-10.For instances of the word in local names, see Cod. Dip. Kmbl. vi. 338.[O.H. Ger. swalawa: Icel. swala.] v. hae-, heoru-, stæþ-swealwe.
swearc (?); adj. Weak, feeble, faint, v. next word, and swearcan.
swearc-modness, e; f. Faintheartedness, pusillanimity :-- Fram swarc-módnesse gástes a pusillanimitate spiritus, Ps. Lamb. 54, 9. v. next word.
swearcan (?) to grow dark (?); metaph. to grow faint, languish, v. á-swarcan, the preceding and following words, and sweorcan.
swearcian; p. ode. I. to make or to become dark: -- Seó swearcigende sunne and ða gesceafta samod ealne middaneard áðeóstrodon mid sweartre nihte for heora Scyppendes ðrowunge, Homl. Th. ii. 258, 15. II. to make or to become troubled, to dismay, v. á-swarcian, and preceding words.
sweard, es; m. (?) Sward ( = rind of bacon; cf. too green-sward the turf-covering of the earth), skin, hide :-- Sweard cutis, fel pellis, Wrt. Voc. i. 283, 32-3. Sweard cutis, rib costa, heorte cor, ii. 16, 54-6. Swearth cater, 103, 22. Suge sweard vistula, 124, 1. Swearð catrum, 13, 52. [Swarde or sworde of flesche coriana, Prompt. Parv. 482. Turfe, swarde of þe erþe cespes, 506. O. Frs. swarde skin (of the head): Du. zwoord; n. skin: M. H. Ger. swarte, swart; f. skin with hair on; Ger. schwarte; f. skin, rind: Icel. svörðr; m. the skin (especially of the head); hide of walrus; gras-, jaðar-svörðr green-sward.]
swearrn, es; m. A swarm, crowd :-- Sue[a]rm examen, Wrt. Voc. ii. 107, 82. Swearrn, 32, 17: 144, 43 (examen has been omitted here by Wright, see Wülck. Gl. 230, 6) : Ælfc. Gr. 9, 12; Zup. 40, 14: examen, multitudo, Hpt. Gl. 457, 37 : 496, 14. [O. H. Ger. swaram, swarm; m. examen: Icel. svarmr; m. tumult: Swed. swärm; m. a swarm: Dan. sværm a swarm; rioting: Du. zwerm; m. a swarm, crowd.]
sweart; adj. I. of colour, swart, swarthy, black, dark :-- Sweart ater, teter; ceruleus, Wrt. Voc. i. 46, 32, 53 (in a list of colours): furvus, ii. 34, 39, 40: fuscus, 38, 27: luridus, 53, 15: pullus, 57, 10: nigir. Ælfc. Gr. 8; Zup. 27, 9 : caeruleus, Hpt. Gl. 516, 14. Wuduréc sweart, Beo. Th. 6281; B. 3145. Hræfn sweart and sealobrún, Fins. Th. 70; Fin. 35. On ðæm clife hangodan manige swearte sáula . . . and ðæt wæter wæs sweart under ðæm clife neoðan, Blickl. Homl. 209, 34-211, 1. Ðonne sweartan wolcnu (nubes atrae) him beforan gáþ, Bt. 6; Fox 14, 22. Engla and deófla, hwítra and sweartra, Exon. Th. 56, 9; Cri. 898. Mænigeo sweartra gásta spirituum deformium UNCERTAIN multitudo, Bd. 5, 12; S. 628, 4. On sweartum stafum and atollícum áwritene tetricis descripta litteris, 5, 13; S. 633, 8. Sweartran furviores, Wrt. Voc. ii. 37, 51. Hí ásettan ofer hyre ða sweartestan fyðra, L. E. I. prm.; Th. ii. 398, 27. II. of absence of light or brightness, dark, black, gloomy :-- Óðer (beám) wæs swá wynlíc, wlitig and scéne . . . wæs se óðer eallenga sweart, dim and þýstre. Cd. Th. 30, 35; Gen. 477. Eów is hám sceapen sweart sinnehte, Exon. Th. 142, 26; Gú. 650. Da þeóstre ðære sweartan nihte. Bt. 4; Fox 6, 34. Ðære sweartan helle grund. Cd. Th. 22, 24; Gen. 345. Se ðe on þýstre færeþ, on sweartre niht. Exon. Th. 54, 23; Crj. UNCERTAIN 873. Deorc gesweorc sinnihte sweart. Cd. Th. 7, 21; Gen. 109. Tó helle on ðone sweartan síð, 45, 27; Gen. 733. On díglum ɫ on sweartum dymnyssum latibulis, Hpt. Gl. 480, 28. Landa sweartost hell. Cd. Th. 31, 19; Gen. 487. III. of absence of good, black (crime), dark, dismal :-- Gástas twegen, óðer biþ golde glædra, óðer biþ grundum sweartra, Salm. Kmbl. 976; Sal. 488. Sweartes hǽðendómes tetrae gentilitatis, Hpt. Gl. 523, 41. Micel yfelnyss wæs on Iudéiscum mannum, ðá ðá hí syrwdon mid sweartum geþance (with dark design), hú hí Crist ácwealdon, Homl. Skt. i. II, 318. Swá lange swá hé hylt ðone sweartan níð on his heortan, Homl. Th. i. 54, 13. Mánfulra heáp sweartne the devils, Salm. Kmbl. 299; Sal. 149. Ic fela gefremede sweartra synna, Exon. Th. 261, 10; Jul 313 : 270, 20; Jul. 468. Gé hellfirena sweartra geswícaþ, 366, 4; Reb. 7. In ða sweartestan and ða wyrrestan wítebrógan, Elen. Kmbl. 1859; El. 931. [Goth. swarts: O. Sax. O. Frs. swart : O. H. Ger. swarz : Icel. svartr.] v. fýr-, swefel-sweart.
swearte; adv. Darkly, dismally, evilly :-- Sió gítsung swearte swǽfeþ onlíce ðam munte ðe monna bearn Etne hátaþ, Met. 8, 47 (v. swǽfan). Satanus swearte geþohte (cf. Milton's 'dark designs,' and v. sweart, III), ðæt hé wolde on heofonum héhseld wyrcan. Cd. Th. 287, 22; Sat. 371. Satanus swearte (miserably) þingaþ and ða atolan mid him wítum wérige, 292, 28; Sat. 447. Him ðæt swearte forgeald (made grievous compensation) Iudas innon helle, 301, 8; Sat. 578.
sweart-hǽwen; adj. Dark purple, violet-coloured :-- Ða sweart-hǽwenan cerula, Wrt. Voc. ii. 20, 67.
sweartian; p. ode To make or to become black :-- Ðanne sweartigaþ (sweratiged, MS.) hý (the teeth) and feallaþ (-eð, MS. ), Lchdm. iii. 104, 17. Hé sweartade (but see spearcian), Cd. Th. 269, 24; Sat. 78. Ðá árás se wind, and ða wolcnu sweartodon, Homl. Skt. i. 18, 151. Gesweartode denigratos, Hpt. Gl. 514, 32. [þ̄ te hude snawhwit swartete as hit snarchte, Marh. 18, 14. O. H. Ger. swarzen to become black: Icel. svarta to dye black.] v. á-sweartian.
sweart-lást; adj. Leaving a black track :-- Fugles wyn (a pen) stop eft on mec (a book), síþade sweartlást, Exon. Th. 408, 12; Rä. 27, 11.
sweartness, e; f. I. blackness :-- Sweartnysse nigredine, Hpt. Gl. 514, 50. II. a black material :-- Sweartnesse atramentum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 84, 72: 5, 31.
swebban; p. swefde, swefede; pp. swefed. I. to send to sleep, lull :-- Suebbo sopio, Wrt. Voc. ii. 120, 72. Ne hý lyft swefeþ, Exon. Th. 115, 19; Gú. 192. Swefed sopitus, Kent. Gl. 917. Wæs hé sæmninga mid leóhte slǽpe swefed, Guthl. 6; Gdwin. 42, 13. II. of the sleep of death, to put to death, kill :-- Hé swefeþ ond scendeþ, Beo. Th. 1204; B. 600. Ic hine sweorde swebban nelle, aldre beneótan, 1363; B. 679. Ne móton wyt wrecan torn Godes, swebban synnig cynn, Cd. Th. 152, 35; Gen. 2531. [God sweueð hus mid þiestre nicht, O. E. Homl. i. 233, 33. He swefede þe mid þen sweiʒe, swote þu sleptest, Fragm. Phlps. 7, 42. O. Sax. an-sweƀian to send to sleep, to cause to die: O. H. Ger. int-swebben sopire: Icel. svefja to lull, assuage.] v. á-, on-swebban; swefian, swefan.
swecc UNCERTAIN swæcc, UNCERTAIN es; m. I. a taste, flavour, savour :-- Ðæs (the manna's) swæc (gustus) wæs swilce smedema mid hunige, Ex. 16, 31: Bt. 34, 11; Fox 152, 1. Swæcces nectaris, saporis, Hpt. Gl. 488, 26. Búton swæcce (sapore) sealtes. Coll. Monast. Th. 28, 15. On swæce swylce gréne cystel, Lchdm. i. 108, 2. On swæcce swéttran ðonne beóna hunig, Homl. Th. ii. 136, 30: 144, 4. Ia. the sense, of taste :-- Mid úrum fif andgitum . . . swæc and stenc, UNCERTAIN Homl. Th. i. 138, 27. Swæcc, ii. 550, 11: Wrt. Voc. i. 42, 60. II. an odour, a scent, smell :-- Wundorlíces brǽðes swæc, Homl. Th. ii. 352, 15. Seó wundriende swétnes ðæs swæcces (odoris), Bd. . 5, 12; S. 629, 20. Stémendes swæcces nardi pistici, Hpt. Gl. 516, 38. Ðæt hús wæs gefylled of ðære sealfe swæcce (odore), Jn. Skt. 12, 3. Gif ðú hyre blósðman brýtest, hé hæfþ swæc swylce ellen, Lchdm. i. 104, 20. Swecca swétast swylce stincaþ wyrta geblówene, Exon. Th. 178, 20; Gú, 1247. Swæcca, 358, 16; Pa. 46. Swétum swæccum (odoribus), 212, 22; Ph. 214. Sweccum, Kent. Gl. 1016. II a. the sense of smell :-- Swæc odoratus (in a list 'de homine et de partibus ejus'), Wrt. Voc. i. 282, 31: 64, 19. Stenc, swæc olfactum, swæc odoratus, ii. 62, 45, 46. [O. Sax. swek an odour: O. H. Ger. swehhi odor.]
sweccan to smell. [O. H. Ger. swehhen olere, adolere, fragrare.] v. ge-sweccan.
swefan; p. swæf, pl. swǽfon; pp. swefen To sleep. I. of natural sleep :-- Se ne slǽpeþ ne swefeþ (or III a) swýðe non dormitavit neque obdormiet, Ps. Th. 120, 4. Hé swifeþ slǽpe gebiesgad. Exon. Th. 358, 1; Pa. 39. Hé sófte swæf. Cd. Th. 12, 2 ; Gen. 179: 94, 19; Gen. 1564. Sceótend swǽfon, ða ðæt hornreced healdan scoldon, Beo. Th. 1411; B. 703: 2564; B. 1280. Ðú móst sorhleás swefan, 3348; B. 1672: 238; B. 119. Geseah hé in recede swefan sibbegedriht samod ætgædere, 1462; B. 729 : Exon. Th. 344, 25; Gn. Ex. 179. Swefan under swegles hleó, Andr. Kmbl. 1663; An. 834. Swefan on slǽpe, 1695; An. 851. II. of the sleep of death :--Se fǽge þegn æfter billes bite swefeþ, Beo. Th. 4127; B. 2060. Se wyrm ligeþ, swefeþ sáre wund, 5485; B. 2746. Swefaþ ða ðe beadogríman býwan sceoldon, 4505; B. 2256. Hý deáðdrepe drihte swǽfon, synfullra sweót sáwlum lunnon, Cd. Th. 209, 7; Exod. 495. Hǽðene swǽfon, deáðwang ridon, Andr. Kmbl. 2004; An. 1004. Hláfurd sécan oððe hér swefan, Vald. 1. 31. III. metaphorically, (a) to denote lack of watchfulness :-- Ðonne se weard swefeþ, sáwele hyrde, Beo. Th. 3487; B. 1741. (b) to denote cessation of activity :-- Swǽfon seledreámas, Cd. Th. 179, 29; Exod. 36. [Cf. Þa sæ sweuede, Laym. 25548. Icel. sofa; p. svaf to sleep: Dan. sove : Swed. sofwa.] v. swebban.
swefecian, v. á-swefecian, Wrt. Voc. ii. 31, 5 : 77, 32. Cf. stýfecian.
swefel, swefl, es; m. Sulphur, brimstone :-- Swefl, swefel, swæfl sulfur, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 22; Zup. 49, 3. Swefel, Wrt. Voc. i. 37, 27. Ðæt sceal wrecan swefyl and sweart líg, Cd. Th. 145, 33; Gen. 2415. Se byrnenda swefl ðone munt (Etna) bærnþ, Bt. 16, 1; Fox 50, 4. Swefles sulphuris, Hpt. Gl. 489, 1. Níwes swefles fíf cuclermǽl, Lchdm. ii. 252, 21. Eallbyrnende rénscúr mid swefle gemencged, Gen. 19, 24: Met. 8, 50. Swæfle, Boutr. Scrd. 22, 29, 32. Hit rínde fýr and swefl, Lk. Skt. 17, 29: Cd. Th. 153, 19; Gen. 2541. Hwylce þinc gelǽdest ðú (the merchant) ús ? . . . mæstlingc, ǽr and tin, swefel and glæs, Coll. Monast. Th. 27, 11: Lchdm. i. 200, 2. Swefl, ii. 56, 10. [Goth. swibls: Du. zwavel: O. H. Ger. swebal(-el, -il, -ul), sweval sulphur: Ger. schwefel: Dan. svovl: Swed. swafwel.]
swefel-réc, es; m. Sulphur-smoke, the smoke from burning sulphur :-- Ríneþ ofer ða synfullan swefelréc pluet super peccatores sulphur, Ps. Surt. 10, 7. Cf. swefel-þrosm.
swefel-sweart (?); adj. Dark with the smoke of sulphur (?) :-- Suefl-sweart sulforia, Wrt. Voc. ii. 121, 61.
swefel-þrosrn, es; m. The vapour or smoke of sulphur :-- Hé rýnde ofer synfullan sweflðrosm pluit super peccatores sulphur, Ps. Spl. 10, 7. Cf. swefel-réc.
swefen, swefn, es; n. I. sleep: -- Hit wæs deáðes swefn . . . menniscra morð. Cd. Th. 45, 1; Gen. 720. Hí slépon swæfnum dormierunt somnum, Ps. Spl. 75, 5. Gif ic selle swefnu ɫ slǽp eágum mínum si dedero somnum oculis meis, Ps. Lamb. 131, 4. II. a dream :-- Hé rehte him his swefen (somnium) and bæd, ðæt hig him sǽdon, hwæt ðæt swefen beheóld, Gen. 41, 8. Him wearð on slǽpe swefen ætýwed, Cd. Th. 247, 13; Dan. 496. Swefn, 257, 7; Dan. 654. Hé ne wisse word swefnes sínes, 223, 27; Dan. 126. Com on sefan hwurfan swefnes wóma, 222, 25; Dan. 110 : Elen. Kmbl. 142; El. 71. Óðer swefen hine mǽtte and hé rehte ðæt his bróðrum: ' Ic geseah on swefne (per somnium),' Gen. 37, 9. For ðære gesihðe ðe hé on ðæm swefne geseah, Past. 16; Swt. 101, 18. Ðá stód him sum mon æt ðurh swefen (per somnium) . . . Ðá hét heó secgan ðæt swefen. Bd. 4, 24; S. 597, 11-31. Swefn, Cd. Th. 159, 16; Gen. 2635. Tó ásecganne swefen, 224, 1; Dan. 129. Swefnu gefremminge habbaþ dreams will have accomplishment, Lchdm. iii. 186, 12. Swefenu, 196, 11. Swefna ýdele sint, 188, 21. Swefne (swæfna) gewisse synt, 186, 19, 27. Feor áweg gewítan swefna and nihta gedwymeru procul recedant somnia et noctium fantasmata, Hymn. Surt. 11, 29. Ic swefna cyst secgan wylle, Rood Kmbl. 1; Kr. 1. Hí áféngon andsware on swefnum, Mt. Kmbl. 2, 12. On swefnum (soefnum. Lind.) gemynegod, 22: Homl. Th. i. 88, 15. Heó ádrǽfe swefnu pellat sompnia, Hymn. Surt. 37, 6. [Now God my swevene rede aright, Chauc. Nonne Pr. T. 76. Thanne gan I to meten a merueilouse sweuene, Piers P. prol. 11. Swevene or dreme sompnium, sweuene or slepe sompnus, Prompt. Parv. 483. O. Sax. sweban UNCERTAIN a dream: Icel. svefn, söfn sleep: a dream: Dan. søvn sleep: Swed. sömn sleep.] v. un-swefen.
swefen-racu, e; f. The interpretation of a dream :-- Galdorcræftas and swefenraca incantationes et somniorum interpretationes, L. Ecg. C. 29; Th. ii. 154, 29. v. next word.
swefen-reccere, es; m. An interpreter of dreams, a diviner, soothsayer :-- Swefnreccere conjectorem, Wrt. Voc. ii. 15, 40. [Cf. O.H. Ger. troum-rechare conjector.] v. preceding word.
swefet, swefian to lull. v. sweofot, ge-swefian.
swefian (?) to move. v. passage given under forþ-swebban (-swefian ?) [cf. O.H. Ger. swebén: Ger. schweben]. Cf. swífan.
sweflen; adj. Sulphurous, of brimstone :-- Him stód swæflen líg of ðam múðe. Homl. Th. i. 466, 26. Eðna ðæt sweflene fýr, Ors. 2, 6; Swt. 88, 30. Hé eal ðæt land mid sweflenum fýre forbærnde Deus pluit super hanc terram ignem et sulphur, totamque regionem exustam aeterna perditione damnavit, I. 3; Swt. 32, 10: Ælfc. T. Grn. 4, 17. Swæflenum. Boutr. Scrd. 22, 32. Sweflenum þicnyssum sulphureis flammarum globis, Hpt. Gl. 499, 49.
swefnian; p. ode. I. with acc. of person, cf. mǽtan, To appear in a dream to a person :-- Swá bwæt swá hine swefnaþ whatever he dreams, Lchdm. iii. 184, 9. Swá hwæt swá ðé geswefnaþ, 154, 24. Áhicgan on sefan ðínne hú ðé swefnede, Cd. Th. 224, 5; Dan. 131. Ðé heortan deópnyssa swefnian te cordis alta somnient, Hymn. Surt. 3, 19. II. with nom. of person, To dream :-- Gif ðú swefnast ðé twege[n] mónan geseón if you dream that you see two moons, Lchdm. iii. 212. 25. [As sweveneth the hungrende and eteth (Isaiah 29, 8), Wick. Cf. Dan. søvne to fall asleep.]
swefnigend, es; m. A dreamer :-- Hér gǽþ se swefnigend ecce somniator venit, Gen. 37, 19.
swég, es; m. I. unregulated, confused sound, noise, din, crash :-- Suoeg, cirm fragor, Wrt. Voc. ii. 109, 27. Swǽg clangor, sonitus, Hpt. Gl. 451, 44. Ne wind ne wætres swég, Blickl. Homl. 65, 19. Swég on windes onlícnesse, 133, 15. Swég innan ðan heáfedan. Lchdm. iii. 92, 25. Wæs ðeód on sǽlum sigefolca swég, Beo. Th. 1292; B. 644: Cd. Th. 289, 26; Sat. 403. For gedréfednesse sǽs swéges (sonitus), Lk. Skt. 21, 25. Swoeges, Ps. Surt. 76, 18. Gebrece, swoege fragore, Wrt. Voc. ii. 33, 79, Mid micle swége cum maximo fragore, Ors. 5, 10; Swt. 234, 3. Wið eárena swége for singing in the ears, Lchdm. i. 350, 1. Nán monn ne gehiérde ne æxe hlem ne biétles suég, Past. 36; Swt. 253, 17. Hig fleóþ leáfes swég (sonitus folii volantis), Lev. 26, 36. Micelne swég unmǽtes wópes, Bd. 5, 12; S. 628, 29. Swégas (-es, MS.) tonitrua, Hpt. Gl. 452, 60. Swoegum bombis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 12, 8. II. regulated, modulated or articulate sound, (a) sound made by living creatures, voice, cry or note of a bird, song :-- Dyptongus is twýfeald swég. Ælfc. Gr. 4; Zup. 7, 13. Accentus, ðæt is swég, on hwylcum stæfgefége ǽlc word swégan sceal, 50, 13; Zup. 290, 16. Swég tenor, Hpt. Gl. 528, 21. Heofoncyninges stefn, wordhleóðres swég, Andr. Kmbl. 186; An. 93. Swég (the voice of Moses) swiðrode, Cd. Th. 197, 18; Exod. 309. Engla þreátas sigeleóð sungon, swég wæs on lyfte gehýred, Exon. Th. 181, 7; Gú. 1289. Biþ ðæs hleóðres swég (the song of the phenix) eallum songcræftum swétra, 206, 24; Ph. 131. Sume synd geworhte æfter gelícnysse ágenes swéges, turtur turtle, Ælfc. Gr. 5; Zup. 14, 2. Ganetes hleóþor and húilpan swég. Exon. Th. 307, 9; Seef. 21. Swéga mǽste, 239, 9; Ph. 618. Tyrnende swégas rotatiles trocheos, Germ. 403, 8. (b) sound made by means of an instrument, v. swég-cræft. voice; also the instrument :-- Ðære býman swég, Ex. 19, 19. Hearpan swég, Beo. Th. 179; B. 89. Sume syndon geworhte æfter gelícnysse ágenes swéges. titinnabulum belle, Ælfc. Gr. 5; Zup. 14, 2. Swége classica. Wrt. Voc. ii. 19, 67. On swége (swóge, Ps. Surt.) býman in sono tubae. Ps. Spl. 150, 3. On swége in tympano, 149, 3, MS. T. For ðam swége (of the harp.) Bt. 35, 6; Fox 168, 1. Hearpan swinsigende swég, Cd. Th. 66, 8; Gen. 1081. Heó gehýrde bellan swég, Shrn. 149, 9: Homl. Th. ii. 156, 6. Swégas classica. Wrt. Voc. ii. 131, 62. Dreámas (swégas, MS. T.) organa. Ps. Spl. 136, 2. ¶ In Wrt. Voc. ii. 110, 43: 43, 7, swég glosses hora, because of the striking of a bell at the hours? III. a person :-- Be onfangenysse swégea de acceptione personarum, Scint. 183, 17 (swég is used several times in the section under this heading to gloss persona). v. benc-, hearp-, here-, hilde-, morgen-swég.
swégan; p. de To sound. I. to make a noise, (a) with the idea of movement, to move violently with noise, to roar, rush, crash :-- Ðonne swéiþ cum insonuerit, Kent. Gl. 12. Heora fyðera swégaþ swá swá wæteres dyne, Wulfst. 200, 15. Æt ðam forman gedelfe swégde út ormǽte wyllspring, Homl. Th. i. 562, 14. Swégde swíðlíc wind of ðam wéstene, ii. 450, 18. Ða wæterburnan swégdon and urnon, Dóm. L. 3: Ps. Spl. 45, 3. Ærðan ðe ðæt scearpe swurd swége tó his hneccan descend with a crash upon his neck, Homl. Skt. i. 19, 185. Swégende tumultuans, Hpt. Gl. 528, 43. Com seó sǽfǽrlíce swégende, Homl. Th. i. 566, 7. Hé sette hine sylfne ongeán ðam swégendan líge, ii. 510, 8. Hé ásende swǽgende fýr of heofonum, Homl. Skt. i. 2, 260. (b) without the idea of movement :-- Swégþ tinnit, Ælfc. Gr. 22; Zup. 128, 16. Swagoþ (swégaþ? v. swég, I) ða eáran. Lchdm. iii. 88, 5. Se heáf swégde geond ealle ða ceastre, Ap. Th. 6, 10. Ðæt ne sace óga on swége ne litis horror insonet, Hymn. Surt. 9, 12. (b 1) with a personal subject :-- Drihten swégþ Dominus tonabit, Cant. An. 10. God swégde Deus intonuit, Ps. Spl. 28, 3: Ps. Lamb. 17, 14. II. of regulated, modulated sound, of speech, tone, music :-- Swégþ eádmódnys on his stemne, Homl. Th. ii. 374. 11. Consonantes, ðæt is samodswégende, forðan ðe hí swégaþ mid ðám fíf clypiendlícum, Ælfc. Gr. 2; Zup. 5, 17. Fæder stemn swégde ðus cweðende, Homl. Th. i. 104, 24 : ii. 242, 8. Seó stefn ðinre grétinge swégde on mínum eárum, 202, 17. Heora bodunge swég swégde geond eall. Homl. Ass. 56, 144. Swégde increpuerit (musica), Hpt. Gl. 445, 17. Óþ ðæt ðæt forme tácn undernes swége, Anglia xiii. 432, 953. Hwylc bóc is ðæt ðæt ne clypige and swége, R. Ben. 133, 6, Ðé úre stefn ǽrest swége (sonet,) Hymn. Surt. 7, 25, Accentus, ðæt is swég, on hwilcum stæfgefége ǽlc word swégan sceal, Ælfc. Gr. 50, 13; Zup. 290, 17. Sí swéged óþer tácn, Anglia xiii. 380, 215. III. to signify :-- Gregorius is Grécisc nama, se swéigþ on Lédenum gereorde Uigilantius, Homl. Th. ii. 118, 12. Biscop sceal beón ealle ofersceáwigende, swá swá his nama swégþ, ii. 320, 7, 12. Swégeþ, L. Ælfc. P. 37; Th. ii. 378, 28. [Goth. swógjan to groan.] v. swógan.
swég-cræft es; m. The art of playing on a musical instrument, v. swég, II b :-- Ðá ongunnon ealle ða men hí herian on hyre swégcræft . . . Apollonius cwæð. 'Ic ongite ðæt ðín dohtor gefeól on swégcræft, ac heó næfþ hine ná wel geleornod, ' Ap. Th. 16, 17-24.
swég-dyne, -dynn, es; m. A resounding din, crash :-- Heard gebrec, hlúd, unrnǽte, swégdynna mǽst (the crack of doom.) Exon. Th. 59, 20; 955.
swége; adj. Sounding :-- Ungeswége sang diaphonia, sum swége (samswége?) sang canticum, Wrt. Voc. i. 28, 35. v. án-, ge-swége [:-- Geswége consona, Wrt. Voc. ii. 134, 23. Of geswégum consona, ge-swégre canora, Anglia xiii. 132, 135, 137], swét-, swíþ-swége; hlúd-swége; adv.
swegel, swegl, es; n. I. in a physical sense, heaven, sky :-- Ðætte súð ne norð, be sǽm tweónum, ofer eormengrund, óþer nǽnig, under swegles begong, sélra nǽre. Beo. Th. 1724; B. 860: 3550; B. 1773. Under swegles gang. Andr. Kmbl. 415; An. 208: 910; An. 455. Swefan under swegles hleó, 1664; An. 834: Elen. Kmbl. 1011; El. 507: Exon. Th. 38, 13; Cri. 606: 224, 11; Ph. 374. Swegles gim, heofontungol (cf. seó sunne, Bt. 35, 1; Fox 154, 29), Met. 22, 23. Swegles gim, sunne, Exon. Th. 212, 11; Ph. 208. Swegles leóht, gimma gladost, 218, 2; Ph. 288. Swegles leóma, 204, 26; Ph. 103. Swegles tapur, 205, 18; Ph. 114. On swegle in the sky, 34, 30; Cri. 550. Fareþ feþrum snell swegle tógeánes, 206, 10: Ph. 124. Under swegle under heaven, 31, 27; Cri. 502: 210, 15; Ph. 186: Cd. Th. 85, 13; Gen. 1414: 105, 36; Gen. 1764: Beo. Th. 2160; B. 1078. Weorðeþ his (the phenix) hús onhǽted þurh hádor swegel (cloudless sky, cf. hádrum heofone, Met. 28, 48; or bright sun, v. III, and cf. hádor sægl, Andr. Kmbl. 2911; An. 1458), Exon. Th. 212, 19; Ph. 212. II. heaven, (a) as the abode of the Deity :-- Swegles ágend, Exon. Th. 34, 17; Cri. 543. Swegles aldor, Cd. Th. 53, 17; Gen. 862: 153, 18; Gen. 2540: 170, 4; Gen. 2807: Judth. Thw. 22, 31; Jud. 88. Swegles brytan, wuldres waldend, Cd. Th. 266, 17; Sat. 23. Swægles brytta, wihta wealdend, 272, 24; Sat. 124. Swegles gǽst the Holy Ghost, Exon. Th. 13, 16; Cri. 203. Swegles weard, Judth. Thw. 22, 27; Jud. 80. (b) as the abode of the blessed:-- Nó ðæs gilpan þearf synfull sáwel ðæt hyre sié swegl ongeán, Exon. Th. 449, 11; Dóm. 69. Gástas sóhton swegles dreámas, engla éðel, Andr. Kmbl. 1282; An. 641. Ic mæg swegles (or under IV?) gamen gehýran on heofonum, Cd. Th. 42, 18; Gen. 675. Swegles leóman. Cd. Th. 286, 13; Sae. 351. Swegles leóht, 266, 27; Sae. 28. Englas feredon sóþfæste sáwle innan swegles leóht, Chr. 1065; Erl. 198, 9. In swegles wuldre, Judth. Thw. 26, 26; Jud. 345. Gesǽlgum on swegle, Exon. Th. 101. 17; Cri. 1660: 137, 10; Gú. 557. Swegle benumene. 139, 23; GÚ. 597. Sigorleán in swegle, Elen. Kmbl. 1242; El. 623. Ða ðe swegl búan, Cd. Th. 6, 2; Gen. 82. On swegl faran, Exon. Th. 32, 15; Cri. 513. III. the sun (but can swegel here = segel, sigel (q.v.) ? cf. swegl = segl a sail, Cd. Th. 184, 10; Exod. 105: 182, 26; Exod. 81) :-- Heofontorht swegl gescyndeþ under foldan fæþm, farende tungol, Exon. Th. 351, 1; Sch. 73. Swegl háte scán blac ofer burgsalo, 182, 3; Gú. 1304. Swegel byþ hátost (on sumera), Menol. Fox 474; Gn. C. 7. IV. music (?). v. swegel-horn :-- Ðǽr (in heaven) wæs singal sang and swegles gong ... Englas heredon hálgan stefne Dryhten, dreám wæs on hyhte, Andr. Kmbl. 1738; An. 871. Eádige ðǽr sittaþ mid swegle, Cd. Th. 305, 17; Sat. 648. v. Grmm. D.M. 708.
swegel-befealden; adj. Heaven-surrounded, with heaven around :-- Háfaþ wuldres bearn his seolfes seld sweglbefalden (-healden, Th.), laðaþ ús ðider tó leóhte, Cd. Th. 301, 28; Sat. 588.
swegel-beorht; adj. Heaven-bright :-- Sweglbeorht sunne, Exon. Th. 174, 33; Gú. 1187. Cf. swegel-torht, heofon-beorht.
swegel-bosm, es; m. The interior of heaven, heaven :-- Hé biþ á ríce ofer heofenstólas ... sweglbósmas heóld; ða wǽron gesette wuldres bearnum. Cd. Th. 1, 18; Gen. 9.
swegel-candel[l], e; f The candle of the sky, the sun :-- Ǽr ðæs beácnes cyme, sweglcondelle, Exon. Th. 205, 5; Ph. 108. Cf. heofon-candel.
swegel-cyning, es; m. The king of heaven :-- Ðæt ic wuldres God séce, swegelcyning, Exon. Th. 167, 4; Gú. 1055. Sweglcyning, Cd. Th. 160, 30; Gen. 2658. Cf. heofon-cyning.
swegel-dreám, es; m. Heavenly joy :-- Ufancundes engles of swegl-dreámum word, Exon. Th. 169, 21; Gú. 1098. Cheruphim and Seraphim on swegeldreámum, Andr. Kmbl. 1439; An. 720. Swáse swegl-dreámas gé (the good at the day of judgment) geseón mósten, Exon. Th. 82, 35; Cri. 1349. Cf. heofon-dreám.
swegel-horn, es; m. Some kind of musical instrument: -- Sueglhorn sambucus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 119, 56. Swegelhorna sambucorum, simphoniarum (cf. simfonia, lignum concavum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 73, 60) i. cithararum, Hpt. Gl. 445, 19. [Cf. Goth. swigljón to pipe, play the flute; swiglja a piper, flute-player: O.H. Ger. swegala fistula, tibia, barbita, chelys, sistrum, calamus; swegalari tibicen, fidicen; swegil-bein cornus tibia (a wind instrument, Grff. 3, 129).] v. swegel IV, and next word.
swegel-rád, e; f. Music (?) :-- Scyl wæs hearpe, hlúdc hlynede, hleóþor dynede, sweglrád swinsade, Exon. Th. 353, 47; Reim. 29. [Cf. O.H. Ger. swegal-sang music of the flute.] v. preceding word.
swegel-torht; adj. Heaven-bright :-- Swegeltorht sunne, Met. 29, 24. Beorht gewát sunne swegeltorht tó sete glídan, Andr. Kmbl. 2497; An. 1250. Tunglu swegltorht, Exon. Th 335, 31; Gn. Ex. 41. Wuldorfæstan wíc, síd and swegltorht, Cd. Th. 2, 32; Gen. 28. Swegel-torhtan seld, 6, 27; Gen. 95. Cf. heofon-torht.
swegel-wered; adj. Clothed with heavenly brightness :-- Siððan morgenleóht, sunne swegelwered súþan scíneþ, Beo. Th. 1216; B. 606. Cf. scír-wered.
swegel-wuldor, es; n. The glory of heaven :-- Ðæt wit unc in ðam écan gefeán on sweglwuldre geseón móstun, Exon. Th. 173, 13; Gú. 1160. Cf. heofon-wuldor.
swegel-wundor, es; n. A heavenly wonder, or a wondrous sound (?). v. swegel, IV :-- Se burgstede wæs gefylled swétum stencum and swegl-wundrum, eádges yrfestól engla hleóðres the dwelling-place was filled with sweet odours and with wondrous music (?), the blessed one's home with the voice of angels, Exon. Th. 181, 13; Gú. 1292.
swégend-líc; adj. Vocal, vowel :-- I and u beóþ áwende tó consonantes, gif hí beóþ tógædere gesette oððe mid óðrum swégendlícum, Ælfc. Gr. 2; Zup. 6, 15.
sweger, swegr, e; f. A mother-in-law :-- Sueger socrus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 120, 68. Sweger, i. 52, 8. Sweger, swegr, Ælfc. Gr. 11; Zup. 79, 18. Swegr (suegir, Lind.) on hyre snore, and snoru on hyre swegere (swegre, MS. A., Rush.: suoegir. Lind.), Lk. Skt. 12, 53. UNCERTAIN Maria is Godfæder snoru and Godes suna módur and háligra sáuwla sweger, Shrn. 118, 7. Sweger socrum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 72, 51. Ða geseah hé Petres swegre (swægre, Rush. suér ɫ his wífes módor, Lind.) licgende, Mt. Kmbl. 8, 14. Snore ongén hyre swégre (swegran, MS. A.: swer, Lind.), 10, 35. Swegere, Deut. 27, 23. [O.H. Ger. swigar: Ger. schwieger-mutter. Cf. Goth. swaihró.]
swég-hleóþor, es; m. Sound, voice :-- Swéghleóþor (rugitus magnus, v. Anglia vi. 243) cymeþ, woþa wynsumast, þurh ðæs wildres muð; æfter ðære stefne stenc út cymeþ of ðam wongstede, Exon. Th. 358, 8; Pa. 42. Swég[h]leóþres geswin the melody of vocal music, 207, 5; Ph. 137.
swéging, e; f. A sounding, sound, noise, roaring (of the sea, etc.), clanging (of implements, etc.) :-- Súegungnisso (swégung ɫ swégnisso?) sǽs sonitus maris, Lk. Skt. 21, 25. Swégincga beátendra slecgea sonitus tundentium malleorum, Coll. Monast. Th. 31, 7. v. swégan.
swegle; adj. Bright as the sun, splendid, brilliant, (1) in a physical sense :-- Ðæt ic sceáwige swegle searogimmas, Beo. Th. 5491; B. 2749. (2) metaphorical, celestial :-- Hé lífes weg gesóhte swegle dreámas (cf swegel-dreám), beorhtne boldwelan, Apostls. Kmbl. 64; Ap. 32. [O. Sax. swigli (sunnan lioht).]
swegle; adv. Brightly, brilliantly, splendidly, (l) in a physical sense :-- Ðonne sió reáde ród ofer ealle swegle scíneþ on ðære sunnan gyld, Exon. Th. 68, 13; Crl. 1103. Scíneþ sunna swegle hát, sóna gecerreþ ísmere ǽnlíc on his ágen gecynd (cf. ðæt is for ðære sunna[n] scíman tó his ágnum gecynde weorþe, Bt. 39, 3; Fox 216, 1), Met. 28, 61. Sumor swegle hát, Exon. Th. 338, 13; Gn. Ex. 78. (2) metaphorical :-- Hý mótan his (Christ's) ætwiste brúcan, swegle gehyrste weorðian Waldend (cf. ðonne scínaþ ða rihtwísan swá swá sunne on hyra Fæder ríce, Mt. 13. 43). Exon. 24, 32; Cri. 393.
swegles æppel. Cockayne suggests beetle nut, Lchdm. ii. 32, 2: 36, 5: 56, 10: 66, 8: 308, 9, 22; and see glossaries to vols. ii. iii.
swég-líc; adj. Sonorous :-- Mid swéglícre stefne sonora voce, Anglia xiii. 412, 675.
swegl-síðe, Cd. Th. 184, 10; Exod. 105. v. ségl, I a.
swegran in ge-swegran cousins; consobrimi i. ex sorore et fratre, vel ex duabus sororibus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 134, 18.
-swégsumlíce. v. ge-swégsumlíce.
swelan; p. swæl, pl. swǽlon. I. to burn (intrans.), perish with heat :-- On fýrbaðe swelaþ sǽfiscas sundes getwǽfde, wǽgdeóra gehwylc wérig swelteþ, Exon. Th. 61, 19; Cri. 987. II. to burn (of a hot sensation) :-- Sió wund ongon, ðe him se eorðdraca ǽr geworhte, swelan and swellan, Beo. Th. 5419; B. 2713. [Cf. O.H. Ger. suilizo calor; suilizón calere, arere.] v. for-swelan; swǽlan.
swelca, an; m. A pustule, blister :-- Swelca pustula, Wrt. Voc. i. 19, 19. Cf. swellan.
swelgan; p. swealh, pl. swulgon; pp. swolgen (with acc. or inst. (dat.)) To swallow. I. in a physical sense, (a) of taking food, etc., by living creatures :-- Se draca hig swealh, and hig eft áspáw, L.E.I. prm.; Th. ii. 398, 40. Hé geféng slǽpendne rinc, bát bánlocan, synsnǽdum swealh, Beo. Th. 1490; B. 743. Hé (a book-moth) ðám wordum swealg, Exon. Th. 432, 15; Rä. 48, 6. Laures ceówe and ðæt seáw swelge. Lchdm. ii. 230, 4. Syle ðam cilde swelgan, i. 350, 14. Swylgende (-fende, Wrt.) drenc a potion to be gulped down; catapodia (GREEK), Wrt. Voc. i. 20, 22. (b) of absorption or reception by inanimate things, to swallow, take in, drink, absorb :-- Swá sond rén swylgþ, Bt. 12; Fox 36, 13. Seó eorþe ðæt wæter swilgþ, 33, 4; Fox 130, 6. Swelgeþ, Exon. Th. 439, 27; Rä. 59, 10. Eorðe wældreóre swealh hálge of handum ðínum, Cd. Th. 62, 19; Gen. 1016: 60, 22; Gen. 985. Eorðe swealh Sethes líce the earth closed over Seth's body, 69, 32; Gen. 1144. Heofon réce swealg (sealg, MS.) the smoke mounted into the air. Beo. Th. 6292; B. 3156. Fugles wyn (the pen) beámtelge (ink) swealg, Exon. Th. 408, 9; Rä. 27, 9. lc(a horn) windesceal swelgan of sumes bósme, 395, 29; Rä. 15, 15. Hwílumic(a fortress)swelgan onginne beadowǽpnum, 399, 7; Rä. 18, 7. (b 1) figuratively :-- Ðonne líf and deáð sáwlum swelgaþ (cf. ðonne heofon and hel fira feorum fylde weorþeþ, 97, 17-20; Cri. 1592), 98, 7; Cri. 1604. II. figuratively, to take in to the mind, accept, imbibe (wisdom) :-- Swelhþ affluit (the passage to which the gloss belongs is Prov. 3, 13, where the Vulgate has: Beatus homo ... qui affluit prudentia), Kent. Gl. 41. Ðá ðam wordum swealg brego when the prince had heard those words, Exon. Th. 196, 25; Az. 179. Háliges láre synnige ne swulgon, ðeáh hé sóðra swá feala tácna gecýðde. Andr. Kmbl. 1419; An. 710. Wile se Waldend, ðæt wé wisdom á snyttrum swelgen, Exon. Th. 147, 32; Gú. 736. III. with the idea of violence or destruction, to devour (lit. or fig.), to consume, engulf :-- Ic swelge wuda and wætre. Exon. Th. 499, 20; Rä. 88, 18. Líg eal þigeþ eorþan ǽhtgestreón, grǽdig swelgeþ londes frætwe, 232; 16; Ph. 507. Swá swylgþ seó gítsung ða dreósendan welan ðisses middangeardes, Bt. 12; Fox 36, 13. Ða ðe swelgaþ folc mín qui devorant plebem meam, Ps. Spl. 52, 5. Wælstreámas werodum swelgaþ. Cd. Th. 78, 31; Gen. 1301. Grundas swelgaþ Godes andsacan. Exon. Th. 97, 21; Cri. 1594. Nymþe líges fæðm swulge, Beo. Th. 1568; B. 782. [O.L. Ger. far-swelgan absorbere: O.H. Ger. swelgan glutire: Icel. svelgja to swallow.] v. for-, ge-, of-swelgan.
-swelge in ge-swelge [:-- Geswelge barathrum, Hpt. Gl. 421, 30. Ge-swelgum charybdibus, voraginibus, 513, 29. Cf. swelwhe of a water or of a grownde vorago, Prompt. Parv. 482. Icel. svelgr; m. a whirlpool.]
swelgend, es; m. A voracious person, a glutton, debauchee :-- Ðes man is swelgend ecce homo devorator, Lk. Skt. 7, 34. Se swelgend, Alexander, Ors. 3, 7; Swt. 120, 16. v. swelgere.
swelgend, e; f., but also es; m. n. A place which swallows up (lit. or fig.), a very deep place, an abyss, a gulf, whirlpool :-- Ðýlæs hí forswelge sió swelgend ðære upáhæfenesse ipso elationis suae barathro devorantur, Past. 57, 3; Swt. 439, 3. Seó grundleáse swelgend (gítsunge) vorans rapacitas. Bt. 7, 4; Fox 22, 32. Swelgend vorago, Wrt. Voc. i. 54, 37: Kent. Gl. 449: Scint. 117, 9. Sweliend barathrum, Hpt. Gl. 529, 26. Swyliendes voraginis, 421, 31. Swelgendes, Anglia xiii. 28, 23. Swel-gendi voragine, Wrt. Voc. ii. 124, 14. West tó ðære swelgende; ðonne fram ðære swelgende, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 281, 29. Tó swelgende; ðanne fram swelgende, ii. 73, 27. Andlang bróces on ðæt swelgend, iii. 460, 5. Andlang streámes on ðone sweliend; of ðæm sweliende, 464, 27. v. ge-swelgend.
swelgendness, e; f. A gulf, whirlpool :-- Swelgendnessum carybdibus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 18, 69. v. swelgness.
swelgere, es; m. A glutton :-- Ic ne eom swá micel swelgere ðæt ic ealle cynn metta on ánre gereordinge etan mǽge non sum tam vorax, ut omnia genera ciborum in una refectione edere possim, Coll. Monast. Th. 34, 35. [O. H. Ger. swelgari glutto: Ger. schwelger.] v. swelgend.
swelgness, e; f. A whirlpool, gulf :-- Swelgnessum carybdibus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 86, 11. v. swelgendness.
sweliend, swell. v. swelgend, ge-swel.
swellan; p. sweall, pl. swullon; p. swollen To swell :-- Wið wunda ðe swellaþ, Lchdm. iii. 86, 16. Gif sino gescrince and æfter ðon swelle, ii. 68, 1. Gif fót oððe scancan swellan, iii. 38, 21. Sió wund ongon swelan and swellan, Beo. Th. 5419; B. 2713. Swellende blæddran vesicae turgentes, Ex 9, 9, 10. Wiþ ǽlcre yfelre swellendre wǽtan, Lchdm. ii. 6, 26. Swellende yfele swilas, 264, 12. [O. L. Ger. O. H. Ger. swellan tumere, turgere, obturgescere: Icel. svella. Cf. Goth. uf-swalleins inflatio.] v. á-, ge- (Lchdm. ii. 46, 9: 200, 22: 202, 5), tó-swellan.
swelling, e; f. A swelling, used of a sail swelled out by the wind:--Gesión brecan ofer bæðweg brimwudu, snyrgan under swellingum (cf. snel under segle, Andr. Kmbl. 1009; An. 505), Elen. Kmbl. 489; El. 245.
sweltan, swyltan, swiltan; p. swealt, pl. swulton; pp. swollen To die a natural or a violent death:--Swelte ic (morior) hér on lande, Deut. 4, 22. Wǽgdeóra gehwylc swelteþ, Exon. Th. 61, 22; Cri. 988. Swylteþ, 385, 33; Rä. 4, 54: 419, 13; Rä. 38, 5. Ne swylteþ non obierit, Wrt. Voc. ii. 88, 35. Swylt moritur, Jn. Skt. 21, 23. Hé swelt, Blickl. Homl. 245, 11. Gé sweltaþ, 8, 21. Ealle men sweltaþ, Bt. 18, 4; Fox 68, 13. Hí ne swyltaþ, Blickl. Homl. 47, 1. Hé swealt, Cd. Th. 70, 15; Gen. 1153. Swealt (sweolt, Thw.), Num. 20, 1. Hí swulton, Homl. Th. i. 84, 6: Cd. Th. 207, 10; Exod. 464. Ðæt án man swelte for folce, Jn. Skt. 11, 50. Ðæt hyt wǽre betere, ðæt án man swulte, 18, 14. Ðæt hé iwungen wǽre óþþæt hé swylte, Blickl. Homl. 193, 4. Hwí lǽddest ðú ús ðæt wé swulton on ðisum wéstene, Num. 21; 5. Ic mæg sweltan blíðelíce laetus moriar, Gen. 46, 30: Mt. Kmbl. 26, 35: Ex. 10, 28. Sceal fǽge sweltan, Exon. Th. 335, 2; Gn. Ex. 27. Swyltan, Blickl. Homl. 59, 30. Se man scyle deádlíce swyltan (swiltan, MS. C.), Wulfst. 5, 9. Sweltende obeuntem, Wrt. Voc. ii. 64, 54. Beón swyltende, Blickl. Homl. 75, 33. ¶ to die by or of something, where the cause of death is expressed by a case or by a preposition with a noun:--Ne swelte ic mid sáre, Ps. Th. 117, 17. Ðú þurh deóra gripe deáþe sweltest, Exon. Th. 250, 11; Jul. 125. Gé sweltaþ deáðe, Cd. Th. 224, 28; Dan. 143. Draca morðre swealt, Beo. Th. 1789; B. 892: 5558; B. 2782. Hé forneáh hungre swealt, Ors. 4, 6; Swt. 170, 30. Hié hungre swultan, Blickl. Homl. 79, 15. Monige for hiora wundum swultan, Nar. 16, 9, Heora mænige máne swultan, Ps. Th. 77, 30. Tó ðam ðe hé deáðe swelte, L. Alf. 13; Th. i. 48, 2. Ðú scealt deáðe sweltan morte morieris, Gen. 2, 17: L. Alf. 14; Th. i. 48, 4. Ic sceal æt ðé sweltan deáðe, Homl. Th. ii. 308, 27. Wundum sweltan, Byrht. Th. 140, 25; By. 293. Hí ondrǽdaþ him ðæt hí sceolan swyltan for ðam húsle, L. Ælf. E.; Th. ii. 392, 3. ¶ to die to anything, become dead to, have no further concern with:--Ðú scealt sweltan synna and Criste lybban, Homl. Skt. i. 3, 592. [Laym. O. E. Homl. swelten: Orm. swell&dash-uncertain;tenn: Chauc. Piers P. swelte: Goth. swiltan: O. Sax. sweltan: Icel. svelta to die; svelta hungri to starve: Dan. sulte to starve; sulten hungry.] v. á-, for-, ge-sweltan.
sweltend-líc; adj. Ready to die, about to die :-- Se wæs sweltendlíc erat moriturus (ready to die, A. V.), Lk. Skt. 7, 2. Wambe sweltendlíces flǽsces uentrem moriture carnis, Scint. 53, 2.
swemman; p. de To cause to swim, to bathe, wash. [Ger. schwemmen to water, wash, float: Dan. svømme (heste) to take (horses) into the water.] v. be-swemman; swimman.
swenc, es; m. Trial, tribulation, affliction :-- In niðrung ɫ in suoenc deáðes in damnationem mortis, Lk. Skt. Lind. 24, 20. On swencum (suoenccum, Lind.: geswincum, W. S.) ɫ costungum mínum in temtationibus meis, Rush. 22, 28. In suoencum in tribulationibus, Rtl. 184, 4. v. ge-swenc.
swencan; p. te; pp. swenced, swenct (cf. swinkt = wearied, Comus v. 293) To cause a person to labour, to cause trouble to a person (a) where no good is implied, to harass, vex, afflict, distress :-- Ic swencu hió adfligam illos. Ps. Surt. 17, 39. Hwí swencst ðú ðis folc . . . Pharaon swencþ ðín folc cur afflixisti populum istum?. . . Pharao afflixit populum tuum, Ex. 5, 22-23. Ǽlc deáþlíc man swencþ hine selfne mid manigfealdum ymbhogum omnis mortalium cura, quam multiplicium studiorum labor exercet, Bt. 24, 1.; Fox 80, 6. Eów næ-acute;nig wiht ne deraþ ne ne swenceþ, Blickl. Homl. 239, 12. Suenceth defatiget, Wrt. Voc. ii. 106, 3. Defatiget, lassat, swenceþ, flagellat, 138, 16. Ða ðe mé swencaþ qui tribulant me, Ps. Th. 12, 5. Hwí swenctest ðú (afflixisti) ðínne þeów? Num. 11, 11. Man swencte ðæt earme folc ðe on ðám scipon lágon, Cl. r. 999; Erl. 135, 32. Hine wundra fela swe[n]cte on sunde, Beo. Th. 3024;, B. 1510. Ða werigan gástas ðe mé swenctan and drycton qui me premebant spiritus maligni, Bd. 3, 11; S. 536, 37. On ðínre hátheortnesse ne swenc mé ne in furore tuo corripias me, Ps. Th. 6, 1. Beorge hé ðæt hé áwóh ne befó, ðý læs ðe hine mon swence swá hé óðerne man þohte, L. Eth. ii. 9; Th. i. 290, 8. Þeáh hine se wind woruldearfoþa swíðe swence, Met. 7, 50. Ðý læs ðe mon unmihtigne man tó feor and tó lange for his ágenan swencte lest a man of small means should be made to toil too far and too long for his own, L. Eth. ii. 9; Th. i. 290, 4. Ne sceal nán mon siócne monnan gesárgodne swencan, ac hine mon sceolde læ-acute;dan tó ðam læ-acute;ce, Bt. 38, 7; Fox 210, 20. Hé (William I) lét castelas wyrcean and earme men swíðe swencean, Chr. 1086; Erl. 222, 21. Ðú ðec sylfne ne þearft swíþor swencan you need not trouble yourself any more, Exon. Th. 245, 19; Jul. 47. Wítebendum swencan, Andr. Kmbl. 218; An. 109. Perseus wæs ealne ðone geár Rómáne swíþe swencende, Ors. 4, 11; Swt. 208, 13. Forhwon sindun gé swæncende (molesti) ðam wífe? Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 26, 10. Fram unclæ-acute;num gáste swenced beón ab immundo spiritu vexari, Bd. 3, 11; S. 536, 11. Mid ða ádle swenced affectus incommodo, 4, 31; S. 610, 21. Swá gewinnfullícum fyrdum swencte beón tam laboriosis expeditionibus fatigari, l, 12; S. 481, 4: 2, 18; S. 520, 36. (b) where a good result is intended, to mortify, chasten :-- Ða sylfan, ðe hí mid ðám wítum ðreágeaþ and swenceaþ (adfligunt), lufiaþ eác, Bd. 1, 27; S. 490, 18. Hí firenlustas forberaþ . . . swencaþ hí sylfe, sáwle frætwaþ, Exon. Th. 150, 13; Gú. 778. Ða láreówas sceolan heora ágenne líchoman swencean on forhæfdnesse, Blickl. Homl. 81, 6. [O. E. Homl. A. R. Laym. swenchen: Orm. swennkenn, swennchenn: O. H. Ger. swenchen verberare]. v. ge-swencan; swincan.
swencedness. v. ge-swencedness.
sweng, es; m. A blow, stroke :-- Sweng ictus, Ælfc. Gr. 11; Zup. 79, 6. Sweng oððe cnyssung ictus, 43; Zup. 255, 3. Eádweard ánne slóg swíþe mid his swurde, swenges ne wyrnde, Byrht. Th. 135, 15; By. 118. Hé hond swenge ne ofteáh, Beo. Th. 3045; B. 1520. Him for swenge swát ǽdrum sprong, 5924; B. 2966: 5365; B. 2686. Ic mé gúðbordes sweng gebearh, Cd. Th. 163, 5; Gen. 2693. Weras him ondrédon for ðære dǽde Drihtnes handa, sweng (the stroke, i. e. the punishment threatened if Sara were not returned to Abraham), 161, 26; Gen. 2671. Iacob swilt þrowode ðurg stenges sweng, Apostls. Kmbl. 143; Ap. 72. Hé feorbwunde hleát sweordes swengum, Beo. Th. 4761; B. 2386. Bord oft onféng ýða swengas oft the vessel's side received the billows' blows, Elen. Kmbl. 478; El. 239. [In later English the word is used in a metaphorical sense similar to that of stroke in modern English, and may be compared with M. H. Ger. swanc, swang a trick: Ger. schwank; cf. also Ger. streich = trick. To wrastlen aʒein þes deofles swenges, A. R. 80, 8. Ʒef ha etstonden wulleð mine unwreste wrenches ant mine swikele swenges, wrestlin ha moten wið ham seoluen, Marh. 14, 12. Ʒif tweie men goþ to wrastlinge . . . and þe on can swenges swiþe fele . . . and þe oþer ne can sweng bute ane, O. and N. 795. Cf. O. H. Ger. swanch swinging, stroke: M. H. Ger. swanc, swang: Ger. schwang.] v. feorh-. heaðu-, heoru-, hete-, wæl-sweng.
swengan; p. de To cause to swing, to cause rapid movement, to swing, fling, dash, strike :-- Ðá áhleóp án leó of ðæs eorðscræfes þýstrum and hió swengde on hine . . . Ðá eode uncer hláford sylf in ðæt scræf ða swengde sió lió sóna forð and forswealh hine then a lion ran out from the darkness of the cavern and dashed on to him . . . Then our lord himself went into the cave; then the lion dashed out at once and swallowed him up, Shrn. 43, 9-18. Swengende discutiens, Wrt. Voc. ii. 141, 43. [He smat hine sare . . . æft he him to (to him, 2nd MS.) sweinde . . . dunt he him ʒef þane þridde, Laym. 8183. His sweord he sweinde bi his side, 21138. Swengeð of þa hafden, 22839. He sweinde ham adun into helle grunde, A. R. 280, 13. Breid up þene rode stef and sweng him aʒean (strike at him), 290, 18. Þe drake rahte ut his tunge and swende hire in (swung her into his mouth) ant forswalh into his wide wombe, Marh. 10, 19. Swengyn̄ or schakyn as menne done clothys excucio, Prompt. Parv. 482. Goth. af-swaggwjan to cause to waver, to shake one's confidence, make desperate.] v. á-, fram-, tó-swengan; swingan.
swenge (?); adj. Heavy, slothful, v. swangor (b).
sweofot, es; n. Sleep :-- Hé Hróðgáres heorðgeneátas slóh on sweofote, slǽpende frǽt, Beo. Th. 3166; B. 1581: 4579; B. 2295. Hé (the panther) þreó nihta fæc swefeþ on sweofote, slǽpe gebiesgad, Exon. Th. 358, 1; Pa. 39. Ðonne hé selþ gecorenum his swefetu (cf. fhe use of swefen in pl.) ɫ slǽp cum dederit dilectis suis somnum, Ps. Lamb. 126, 3. [Þe king læi on sweuete, Laym. 17773. On sweouete, 17802. Ne þuhte hit þ̄ ha weren deade, ah þ̄ ha slepten a sweouete dormientes potius quam extinctos putares, Kath. 1427.] v. swefan.
sweogode glosses praevaluit, Ps. Spl. 51, 7, a mistake (?) for strongode.
Sweó-land, es; n. The land of the Swedes, Sweden, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 19, 2. v. Sweó-ríce, -þeód.
sweoloþ, swoloþ (swóloþ?), es; m. Heat, burning :-- Swoloð aestus vel cauma, Wrt. Voc. i. 53, 41. Swoloð (swaloð, MS. J.: sweoli, MS. W.) cauma, Ælfc. Gl. Zup. 306, 15. Ðes swolaþ (swoli, MS. W.) hoc cauma, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 1; Zup. 33, 12 note. Swoleðe caumate, Hpt. Gl. 482, 48: 495, 22. Hét Hildeburh æt Hnæfes áde hire selfre suna sweoloðe befæstan, bánfatu bærnan and on bǽl dón, Beo. Th. 2235; B. 1115. v. swelan, and next word.
sweoloþa, an; m. Heat, burning :-- Hé swá swíþe swǽtte swá hé in swoloþan middes sumeres wǽre quasi in media aestatis caumate sudaverit, Bd. 3, 19; S. 549, 30. Mid hǽtan and mid swoluðan ardore et aestu, Deut. 28, 22. v. preceding word.
sweolung (?), e; f. Burning, inflammation :-- Biþ micel áþundenes and fefer mid sweolunga (sweopunga, MS. v. note on passage) ómena with inflammation from corrupt humours. Lchdm. ii. 204, 25.
Sweón; pl. The Swedes :-- Burgendan habbaþ Sweón be norþan him . . . Sweón habbaþ be súþan him ðone sǽs earm, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 16, 31-34. Ðá Sweón heafdon weallstówe geweald, Chr. 1025; Erl. 163, 11. Sacu Sweóna and Geáta, Beo. Th. 4936; B. 2472: (Swona, MS.), 5885; B. 2946: 5908; B. 2958. Ic wæs mid Sweóm, Exon. Th. 322, 4; Víd. 58: 320, 19; Víd. 31. Ðás land hýraþ tó Sweón, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 20, 4. [Icel. Svíar. The Latin form is Suiones in Tacitus, later Sueones.] v. Sweó-land, -ríce, -þeód.
sweór, swehor, es; m. I. a father-in-law :-- Sueór vetellus, Txts. 106, 1099. Su[eó]r socer, 97, 1878. Sweór, Wrt. Voc. i. 52, 7: 72, 51: Ælfc. Gr. 8; Zup. 27, 13. Se wæs Caiphas sweór (sueór, Lind.), Jn. Skt. 18, 13: Gen. 38, 13. Sweór, swiór, Bt. 10; Fox 28, 13. Hǽdne wǽron begen, sweór and áþum, Exon. Th. 246, 22; Jul. 65. Ðá sende heó tó hire sweóre (ad socerum suum), Gen. 38, 25: 30, 25. Obab his sweór (cognatum), Past. 41, 5; Swt. 304, 9. Suehoras, sueóras vitelli, Txts. 104, 1062. Wæs Rómeburg on fruman gehálgod mid bróðor blóde and mid sweóra (the fathers of the Sabine women who were taken as wives by the Romans), Ors. 2, 2; Swt. 66, 5. II. the word is also used to translate consobrinus; a cousin :-- Sueór consobrinus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 104, 83. Gesweóras consobrini, sweór consobrinus, filius patruelis, 134, 17-20. Sw[e]ór consobrinus, 15, 2. [Goth. swaihra father-in-law: O. H. Ger. sweher, swér socer, levir: Ger. schwäher.] v. sweger,suhtriga.
sweor, swer, swyr, es; m. f. A column, pillar (lit. or fig.), that which is shaped like a pillar :-- Swer columna, Wrt. Voc. i. 26, 32: 81, 15. Ufeweard swer epistilia, ii. 30, 29. Ðú eart leóhtes swer, Blickl. Homl. 141, 1. Drihten swutelode him ðone weg on dæg þurh swert tácn on sweres gelícnysse, and on niht swilce án byrnende swer him fór beforan, Ex. 13, 21: Homl. Th. ii. 196, 8. Mid ðý fýrenan sweore on nieht and on dæg mid ðý sweore ðæs wolcnes, Past. 41, 5; Swt. 304, 7. On swere (swiorum, MS. T.) in columna (nubis), Ps. Spl. 98, 7. Þurh wolcnes swyr, Ps. Th. 98, 7. Hé geseah swer standan, and ofer ðone swer ǽrne onlícnesse, Blickl. Homl. 239, 21. Greáte swá stǽnene sweras uastitudine columnarum, Nar. 36, 13. Hí héton hine standan betwux twám stǽnenum swerum: on ðám twám swerum stód ðæt hús geworht. And Samson . . . gelǽhte ða sweras, Jud. 16, 25-29. Ðæt gér is underwryðed mid þrím swerum, ða synd ðus gecíged, id. 'and non̄. and kl.', Anglia viii. 301, 37. Swyras (swioras, MS. T.: sweras, MS. C.) columnas, Ps. Spl. 74, 3. Sweoras gata seras portarum, Ps. Spl. T. 147, 2. Hire swyre columnas ejus, Ps. Th. 74, 3. Sweras unlytle, stapulas, Andr. Kmbl. 2985; An. 1495. [Sweor columna, Wrt. Voc. i. 92, 55.] [Grimm, R. A. 370, gives from a Swiss source 'an ein schwiren binden.]
sweora, swira, swyra, swura, an; m. I. a neck :-- Sweora collum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 16, 51: cervix, 52. Foreweard sweora capitium, 45. Sweora vel swura collum, i. 43, 36. Swira collum, 283, 2: cervex, 3. Swyra collum, 64, 65: Soul Kmbl. 218; Seel. 111. Swiora smæl, Exon. Th. 486, 15; Rä. 72, 15. Ðá heó ðrycced wæs mid sáre hire sweoran ðæt heó oft cwǽde: 'Ic wát ðæt ic be gewyrhtum on mínum sweoran bere ða byrþenne ðysse ádle' quia cum praefato dolore maxillae sive colli premeretur solita sit dicere: 'scio, quia merito in collo pondus languoris porto, Bd. 4, 19; S. 589, 22-26. Swile on hire sweoran tumorem sub maxilla, S. 588, 43. Tó his suiran getíged, Past. 2; Swt. 31, 18. Tó hys swyran (sweoran, MS. A.: suire, Lind.: swira, Rush.) gecnytt, Mt. Kmbl. 18, 6. Swuran (sweoran, MS. A.: suiro, Lind.: swira, Rush.), Mk. Skt. 9, 42. Swioran ceruice, Lchdm. i. lxx, 9. Swiran ceutro (cf. cervellum, i. ceutrum brægen, Wrt. Voc. ii. 130, 31. Ceutrum þrotbolla, 131, 1), lxxi, 1. Underlútan mid eówrum swiran ðæt deáþlícne geoc, Bt. 19; Fox 68, 26: Met. 10, 19. Ðeáh hé him ðone stíðan swioran (swiran, Hatt. MS.) fortrǽde, Past. 33; Swt. 228, 9. Hé wýscte ðæt ealle Rómáne hæfden ǽnne sweoran (unam cervicem), Ors. 6, 3; Swt. 256, 27: Judth. Thw. 23, 5; Jud. 106. Hié sendon ráp on his sweoran (swyran, 20), Blickl. Homl. 241, 24. Is ymb ðone sweoran (the neck of the phenix) beága beorhtast, Exon. Th. 219, 10; Ph. 305. Óþ mannes swuran, Blickl. Homl. 245, 33: Gen. 41, 42: Deut. 28, 48. Swiran (swioran) cladam, Lchdm. i. lxx, 1 (see note). On ða swyran sínra þegena, Met. 9, 56. II. of land, a hause (as in Esk Hause), a col; cf. ge-sweoru:--Dúna swioran juga, Wrt. Voc. ii. 48, 18. [Sware, swire, the neck, the declination of a mountain near the summit; the most level spot between two hills, Jamieson. Cf. Icel. Swíri, the local name of a neck-shaped ridge in western Iceland.] III. of water, the part where the distance between opposite shores is least :-- Ofer swira sǽs (cf. ofer ðære sǽs múðan, W. S.) trans fretum maris, Mk. Skt. Lind. Rush. 5, 1. On púles sweran, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 97, 5. [Swiere (rimes with (wilde) diere), O. E. Homl. ii. 224, 146. Swore (rimes with (wilde) dore), i. 169, 144. Sweore, 49, 28: A. R. 394, 19. Swire, 58, 7: Marh. 9, 8. Swure (swere, 2nd MS.), Laym. 4012. Sweore (swere, and MS.), 26565. Sweore, swore (rimes with deore, dore beast), O. and N. 1125. Sweore, swore, suere, 73. Suere (rimes with ouerdere), R. Glouc. 389, 22. Swire (rimes with sire), Havel. 311. Swere (rimes with there), Gow. ii. 30, 17. Icel. svíri.] v. belced-sweora.
sweor-bán, es; n. The neck-bone, the neck :-- Mín Drihten, ðú ðín hálige sweorbán geeádméddest, Anglia xii. 505, 22. Óð swirbán usque ad cervices, Ps. Surt. ii. p. 190, 27: Ps. Spl. C. 128, 4. Onheldon eówerra feónda swyrbán, Shrn. 86, 22. [The swyrebane he swappes in sondyre, Morte Arthure (Halliwell).]
sweor-beáh; gen. -beáges; m. A collar, band or chain for the neck, necklace :-- Myne vel sweorbéh monile vel serpentinum, Wrt. Voc. i. 40, 50. Swurbeáh monile, 74, 58. Swurbéh murenula vel torques, 16, 57. Ic ann ðære hlǽfdigan ánes swyrbeáges on hundtwelftigum mancussum and ánæs beáges on þrítegum mancussum, Chart. Th. 554, 1. Ǽnne sweorbeáh (on XL mancysan, on LXXX mancys), 501, 20, 31. Ic ðé forgife gyldenne swurbeáh thou shall have a chain of gold about thy neck (A. V.), Homl. Th. ii. 436, 4, 16. Swurbeágas crepundia (cf. crepundium, i. monile gutturis myne, crepundia frætwunga, Wrt. Voc. ii. 136, 68-70), Ælfc. Gr. 13; Zup. 85, 9. Suirbég[as] monilia, Rtl. 4, 3. Sweorbeágum ɫ halsmenum monilibus, lunulis, Hpt. Gl. 434, 63. Ic frætwode mínne swuran mid mænigfealdum swurbeágum, Homl. Skt. i. 20, 57.
sweorcan; p. swearc, pl. swurcon; pp. sworcen. I. in a physical sense, to become dark, be obscured :-- Wedercandel swearc windas weóxon the sun was darkened, the winds rose, Andr. Kmbl. 744; An. 372. Swearc norðrodor won under wolcnum, woruld miste oferteáh, Exon. Th. 178, 33; Gú. 1253. II. figuratively of mental gloom, (a) of that which feels sadness, to become troubled, gloomy, sad :-- Siteþ sorgcearig, on sefan sweorceþ, sylfum þinceþ, ðæt sý endeleás earfoða dǽl, Exon. Th. 379, 6; Deór. 29. Hé módsorge wæg, hreþer innan swearc, 165, 8; Gú. 1025. On hú grundleásum seáðe swiaceþ ðæt sweorcende mód quam praecipiti mersa profundo mens hebet, Met. 3, 2. (b) of that which causes sadness, to become grievous, troublesome, saddening :-- Ne hine wiht dereþ, ádl ne yldo, ne him inwitsorh on sefan sweorceþ nor in his mind springs gloomy care, Beo. Th. 3478; B. 1737. [Swelleð þe mære and swærkeð þa uðen, Laym. 22030. Swurken (þirkede (dirkede ?), 2nd MS.) under sunnen sweorte weolcnen, 11973. O. Sax. swerkan: Ni lát thú thínan seƀon swerkan do not be sad, Hél. 4042. O. H. Ger. swercan.] v. á-, for-, ge-, tó-sweorcan.
sweorcend-ferhþ; adj. With the mind growing gloomy :-- Beornas (the Assyrians after Holofernes' death) stódon ymbe hyra þeódnes træf sweorcendferhþe . . . Ðá wæs hyra tíres æt ende, Judth. Thw. 25, 19; Jud. 269.
sweor-cláþ es; m. A cloth for the neck, a collar :-- Sweorcláþ collarium, Wrt. Voc. ii. 134, 48.
sweor-cops, es; m. A neck-bond, pillory :-- Iuc oððe swurcops (sweor-) bogia, (bogia torques damnatorum quasi jugum bovis, Migne), Ælfc. Gl. Zup. 321, 2. Sweorcopsas vel handcopsas boias, catenas, Wrt. Voc. ii. 126, 43.
sweor-coþu, e; f. A disease of the neck or throat, quinsy :-- Sweorcoþu arteriasis, Wrt. Voc. i. 19, 33. Wið sweorcoþe, Lchdm. ii. 2, 20: 44, 9. Various methods of treatment are given, 48, 4-28.
sweord, swurd, swyrd, es; n. A sword :-- Sweord framea, Wrt. Voc. ii. 36, 11. Sweorde mucrone, sweordum mucronibus, sweord macheram, 54, 33-36. Sweord gladius vel machera vel spata vel framea vel pugio, i. 35, 7. Litel sweord sica, 13. Hiltleás sweord ensis, 33. Swurdes ord mucro, 15. Sweordes sceáð classendis, 34, 29. Swyrdes gyrdei baltheus, 40, 58. Ðæt ús cwealm on ne becume ne swurdes ecg ne occidat nos pestis aut gladius, Ex. 5, 4. Blótan mid sweordes ecge, Cd. Th. 173, 6; Gen. 2857. Ðurh sweordes bite gedǽlan feorh wið flǽsce, Apstls. Kmbl. 68; Ap. 34. Hig feallaþ on swurdes (sweordes, MS. A.: suordes, Lind.: swordana, Rush.) ecge cadent in ore gladii, Lk. Skt. 21, 24. Standan mid átogenum swurde, Jos. 5, 13. Hér synt twá swurd (sweord, MS. A.: suordas, Lind.: sworde, Rush.) ecce gladii duo, Lk. Skt. 22, 38. Sweorda gelác the play of swords, battle, Beo. Th. 2084; B. 1040. Sweorda láfe those whom the sword had spared, 5865; B. 2936. ¶ The high esteem in which good swords were held in old times is marked in many ways. Their forging is in many legends said to be the work of other than human hands; so the sword which Beowulf seizes in Grendel's nome is 'eald sweord eotenisc (cf. eald sweord eácen, 3330; B. 1663), ecgum dyhtig, . . . giganta geweorc,' Beo. Th. 3120-9; B. 1558-62; and twice besides occurs the phrase 'eald sweord eotonisc,' 5225; B. 2616: 5950; B. 2979; see also 'enta ǽrgeweorc' applied to the workmanship of a sword, 3362; B. 1679. Cf. too the forging of Sigurd's sword in the Völsunga Saga. They are precious heirlooms, handed down through many years (v. epithet eald above); so Beowulf speaks of his sword as 'eald láf,' Beo. Th. 2981; B. 1488, and the same phrase is used of the sword wielded by one of his followers in the chief's defence, 1595; B. 795. In reference to the sword given by Beowulf to the Dane who had guarded his ship, it is said that the recipient 'syððan wæs on meodobence mádme ðý weorðra, yrfeláfe,' 3810; B. 1903; another sword is called 'Hrédles láf,' and of it is said 'næs mid Geátum sincmáðþum sélra on sweordes hád,' 4389-93; B. 2191-3; and later on mention is made of 'gomel swyrd, Eánmundes láf,' 5216; B. 2611; Hrunting, the sword which is lent to Beowulf, is 'án ealdgestreóna,' 2921; B. 1458. So, too, Byrhtnoth tells the Danes who demand tribute of him, that the tribute will take the form of 'ealde swurd,' used with unpleasant effect upon the invaders. The same point may be illustrated from other than poetical sources. Thus in Alfred's will it is said that he leaves 'Æþeréde ealdormenn án sweord on hundteóntigum mancusum,' Chart. Th. 489, 32; in another will is the passage 'Freoðomunde fóe tó mínum sweorde, and ágefe ðéræt feówer ðúsenda,' 471, 23; another testator bequeathes his sword 'mid ðam sylfrenan hylte and ðone gyldenan fetels,' 558, 10; and another mentions the sword 'ðat Eádmund king mé selde on hundtuelftian mancusas goldes and fóur pund silueres on ðan fetelse,' 505, 28. Indeed the sword is often mentioned in wills. The importance of the sword is further marked by its receiving a name. The sword with which Beowulf is armed for his attack on Grendel's mother is named Hrunting, and to the praise of this weapon the poet devotes several lines, Beo. Th. 2914-33; B. 1455-64; at a later period it is with 'Nægling . . . gomol and græ-acute;gmmæ-acute;l' that he fights, 5354; B. 2680. See, too, Wald. 4; Vald. 1, 3. And elsewhere the same point may be noted, e. g. in the Nibelungenlied. 'daz Nibelunges swert. . . Palmunc was genant;' and this weapon plays a part in the drama to the last scene. In Scandinavian story there is Hákon's sword 'kvernbítr,' which king Athelstan gave him, and Egill has his sword that he called 'Naðr.' See, too, the story of the Cid and the two swords, Colada and Tizona, which he gave to his sons-in-law, the Infantes of Carrion, and which he claimed from them after their unworthy treatment of their wives, Chronica del Cid, c. cclii. Of the value of the sword and of the decoration bestowed upon it, of the shape or colouring, of the make, many epithets and phrases speak. In the Gnomic verses it is said, 'Gold geríseþ on guman sweorde,' Exon. Th. 341, 15; Gn. Ex. 126; and 'máðm in healle, goldhilted sweord' is mentioned, 437, 27; Rä. 56, 14. See, too, the passages quoted under seolfor-hilt, -hilted. In the dragon's hoard are 'dýre swyrd,' Beo. Th. 6089; B. 3048: the sword which Beowulf seized in Grendel's retreat was golden-hilted, 3358; B. 1677, and 'wæs on ðæ-acute;m scennum scíran goldes þurh rúnstafas gesæ-acute;d, hwam ðæt sweord geworht, írena cyst, æ-acute;rest wæ-acute;re, wreoþenhilt and wyrmfáh,' 3390-3400; B. 1694-8. Beowulf lays aside his 'hyrsted sweord, írena cyst,' Beo. Th. 1349; B. 672: he gives a sword 'bunden golde,' 3805; B. 1901: his own sword is 'fáh and fæ-acute;ted,' 5395; B. 2700. Byrhtnoth's sword is 'fealohilte,' Byrht. Th. 136, 45; By. 166; and 'gerénod,' 35; By. 161. Beowulf's Nægling is 'græ-acute;gmæ-acute;l,' Beo. Th. 5357; B. 2681: the swords of the Hebrews are 'scírmæ-acute;led,' Judth. Thw. 24, 38; Jud. 230: other swords are 'hring-mæ-acute;led,' Cd. Th. 120, 10; Gen. 1992: Abraham girds himself 'græ-acute;gan sweorde,' 173, 22; Gen. 2865: the Hebrews fight 'fágum sweordum,' Judth. Thw. 24, 18; Jud. 194: 25, 17; Jud. 264. The sword is 'brád,' 26, 9; Jud. 318: Byrht. Th. 132, 12; By. 15: brád and brúnecg, 136, 38; By. 163: it is 'gód,' 138, 58; By. 237; 'heard,' Beo. Th. 5966; B. 2987: 5269; B. 2638: Exon. Th. 325, 32; Víd. 120: 'heardecg,' Beo. Th. 2581; B. 1288: 'ecgum dyhtig,' 2578; B. 1287: Cd. Th. 120, 11; Gen. 1993: 'ecgum gecost,' Judth. Thw. 34, 39; Jud. 231: stýled, Exon. Th. 42, 28; Cri. 679. For some account of old swords, see Wright's The Celt, The Roman, and the Saxon, pp. 404-6, and Worsaae's Antiquities: see also Grmm. Gesch. D. S. p. 12. [O. Sax. O. Frs. swerd: O. H. Ger. swert: Icel. sverð.] v. gúð-, mál-, máðum-, stæf-, wæ-acute;g-sweord.
sweord (or sweorð) swearing. [O. H. Ger. swert, swart juramentum.] v. áþ-sweord.
sweord-bealu (-o), wes; n. Bale or hurt caused by the sword, Beo. Th. 2298; B. 1147.
sweord-berende; adj. (ptcp.) Sword-bearing:?-Æðelingas sweordberende, Cd. Th. 65, 2; Gen. 1060.
sweord-bite, es; m. The bite of a sword, wounding with a sword:?-Áswebban purh sweordbite to kill with the sword, Exon. Th. 278, 26; Jul. 603.
sweord-bora, an; m. I. one who bears a sword for his own use, a swordsman:?-Sweord spata vel pugio, swyrdbora spatarius, Wrt. Voc. i. 35, 8. Swurdbora, 84, 13. Swurdboran (gladiatorem) hine gewordene gesihþ if (in a dream) he sees himself become a gladiator, Lchdm. iii. 204, 25. Sweordboran pugiles, Wrt. Voc. ii. 76, 46. II. one who bears his lord's sward, a swordbearer:?-Swá swá Eádmundes sweordbora hit reahte Æþelstáne cyninge, Swt. A. S. Prim. 83, 7. Totila ásende his swurdboran, Riggo geháten, gescrýdne mid his cynelícum gyrelum, Homl. Th. ii. 168, 12. [Cf. Icel. sverð-berari (translating lictor).]
sweord-fetels, -fætels, es; m. A sword-belt:?-Se cásere heora ǽlces sweordfætelsas hét forceorfan the emperor ordered the sword-belts of each of them to be cut, Homl. Skt. i. 23, 178. Cf. Ðat swerd on hundtwelftian mancusas and fóur pund silueres on þan fetelse, Chart. Th. 505, 32. Ðæs swurdes mid ðam sylfrenan hylte ðe Wulfríc worhte and ðone gyldenan fetels, 558, 12. [Cf. O. H. Ger. swert-fezzil faidilus, vagidilus: Icel. sverð-fetill a sword-belt.] v. fetel.
sweord-freca, an; m. A warrior who uses a sword:?-Hé ðæs wǽpnes (the sword Hrunting) onláh sélran sweordfrecan, Beo. Th. 2940; B. 1468.
sweord-geníðla, an; m. A foe armed with a sword:?-Ðonne fyrdhwate on twá healfe tohtan sécaþ sweordgeníðlan, Elen. Kmbl. 2359; El. 1181.
sweord-geswing, es; n. Striking with swords, an attack with swords:?-Swyrdgeswing swíþlíc eówan to make a fierce attack, Judth. Thw. 25, 3; Jud. 240.
sweord-gifu, e; f. Gift of a sword:?-Sceal sincþego and sweordgifu eówrum cynne álicgean taking of treasure and gift of sword shall fail for your race, Beo. Th. 5761; B. 2884.
sweord-gripe, es; m. Sword-grasp, seizing of swords:?-Ðæt hí in wínsele þurh sweordgripe sáwle forlétan so that in the banquet hall through seizing their swords they lost their lives, Exon. Th. 271, 26; Jul. 488.
sweord-hwíta, an; m. One who polishes a sword:?-Gif sweordhwíta óðres mannes wǽpn tó feormunge onfó (cf. Si quelibet arma politori vel emundatori commissa sunt, L. H. I. 87, 3; Th. i. 593, 15), L. Alf. pol. 19; Th. i. 74, 8. Ic geann mínon swurdhwítan ðæs sceardan málswurdes, Chart. Th. 561, 22.
sweord-leóma, an; m. The glitter of swords:?-Swurdleóma stód swylce eal Finnsburuh fýrenu wǽre there was flashing of swords, as if all Finnsburg were on fire, Fins. Th. 71; Fin. 35.
Sweordoras (?); pl. m. A people of Mercia occupying a district of three hundred hides:?-Sweordora þryú hund hýda (the name occurs in a list of districts in the land of the Mercians), Cod. Dip. B. i. 414, 21. [Mr. Birch suggests a connection with Swerford in Oxfordshire, and with the river Swere. Could the word contain as its second part the Celtic dwr = water, seen in many river names, v. Taylor's Names and Places, p. 133, and mean the dwellers by the river Swere?]
sweord-plega; an, m. Sword-play, battle:?-Æt ðam sweordplegan wíg forbúgan, Wald. 22; Vald. 1, 13.
sweord-rǽs, es; m. A sword-rush, an attack with swords:?-Sweordrǽs fornam, ðǽr se hálga gecrang wund for weorudum, Apstls. Kmbl. 118; Ap. 59.
sweord-slege, es; m. A sword-stroke, stroke with a sword:?-Hyre sáwl wearð álǽded of líce þurh sweordslege, Exon. Th. 282, 30; Jul. 671.
sweord-wegende sword-bearing:?-Swurdwege[n]de anbidian gehende saca mǽste getácnaþ (in a dream) to await men carrying swords betokens strifes at hand and very great ones, Lchdm. iii. 204, 28.
sweord-weras; pl. The name of a people (cf. the Suardones of Tacitus. v. Grmm. Gesch. D. S. 329):--Mid Seaxum ic wæs and mid Sweordwerum, Exon. Th. 322, 13; Víd. 62.
sweord-wígend, -wígende one who fights with a sword:?-Sweordwígendra síde hergas, Cd. Th. 194, 13; Exod. 260.
sweord-wund; adj. Wounded with the sword:?-Oft æt hilde gedreás swátfág and sweordwund sec[g] æfter óðrum, Wald. 7; Vald. 1, 5.
sweord-wyrhta, an; m. A sword-wright, maker of swords, armourer:?-Móna se án and twentigoða unnytlíce tó wyrcenne bútan swurdwyrhtan (but the word glosses gladiatoribus), Lchdm. iii. 194, 10.
-sweorf in ge-sweort rasura ferri, ferrugo, Wrt. Voc. ii. 147, 65: 35, 32. [Cf. Icel. svarf filings.] v. ge-sweorf.
sweorfan; p. swearf, pl. swurfon; pp. sworfen To rub, scour, file:?-Swyrfþ limat, Germ. 394, 274. Corfen sworfen cut and scoured (of the preparation of a wine-vat), Exon. Th. 410, 24; Rä. 29, 4. Mín heáfod is homere geþuren sworfen feóle, 497, 18; Rä. 87, 2. Cpds. with for, omitted in their place, are added here:?-Forsweorfeþ elimat, i. mundat, Wrt. Voc. ii. 143, 1. Biþ forsworfen vel forgniden demolitur, exterminatur, 138, 63. [In later English the verb has the sense of swerve = to turn (aside):--Swerve to no side, Gow. 3, 92. Þe dint swarf, Arth. and Merl. 9369. Heo swarf to Criste migravit ad Christum, Kath. 2181. Cf. Du. zwerven to wander, rove: O. Frs. swerva to move, go. For the old English verb, cf. Goth. af-swairban to wipe out; delere; bi-swairban to wipe: O. Sax. swerƀan to wipe: O. H. Ger. swerban tergere, extergere, siccare: Icel. sverfa to file.] v. á-, ge-sweorfan.
sweor-hnitu, e; f. A neck-nit, a nit that breeds at the back of the neck:?-Sweorhnitu ursie, Wrt. Voc. i. 287, 48. Suernit ( = sweorhnitu?) usia (cf. swínes lús usia, 122, 26), Wülck. Gl. 54, 34.
Sweó-ríce, es; n. Sweden:?-Ðone sélestan sǽcyninga ðara ðe in Swióríce sinc brytnade, Beo. Th. 4755; B. 2383: 4983; B. 2495. [Icel. Svía-rïki: Swed. Sverige.]
sweor-racentteáh; g. -teáge; f. A chain for the neck:?-Swurracentéh catelle, Wrt. Voc. i. 16, 64.
sweor-ród, e; f. A cross suspended from the neck:?-Hé becwæð Wulfstáne ærcebiscope áne sweorróde (the Latin version has philacterium; cf. the use of this word for chains and medals worn by gladiators round their necks as tokens of victory), Chart. Th. 551, 5. Óðrum litlum silfrenum swurródum, 429, 15.
sweor-sál a collar. v. sál, V.
sweor-sceacel, es; m. A neck-shackle, pillory:?-Fótcopsa[s] vel sweorscacul nerui, boia, Wrt. Voc. i. 21, 15. v. sweor-cops.
sweor-teáh, -téh; g. -teáge, -tége; f. A collar:?-Sweortéh millus vel collarium, Wrt. Voc. i. 23, 34. Sweorcláþ vel [sweor]tég collarium, ii. 134, 48. Swiortégum collaribus, vinculis, Hpt. Gl. 501, 38.
-sweoru. v. ge-sweoru, sweora, II.
sweor-wærc, es; m. A pain in the neck:?-Lege on ðone sweorwærc, Lchdm. ii. 44, 22. Cf. sweor-coþu.
sweostor, swistor, swystor, swustor (-er, -ur); indecl. in sing.; pl. sweostor, sweostra, sweostru (u, y); f. A sister. I. of blood relationship:--Saga ðæt ðú sié sweostor mín, líces mǽge, Cd. Th. 110, 3, Gen. 1832. Ðære swustur (suoester. Lind.: swester, Rush.) wæs Maria huic erat soror nomine Maria, Lk. Skt. 10, 39. Soester, Lind. 10, 40. Swuster, Gen. 12, 13. Seó yldre swyster, 19, 33. Sweostor bearna nepotum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 59, 70. Se wæs his sweostor sunu, Bd. 4, 16; S. 584, 16. Sweoster sunu, 2, 3; S. 504, 20. Swuster sunu, Byrht. Th. 135, 8; By. 115. Ðæt ðú gesecge sweostor mínre, Exon. Th. 172, 32; Gú. 1152. Óþer him sylfum, óþer his sweoster, Bd. 4, 6; S. 574, 13: Homl. Th. ii. 546, 35. Gif hé geméteþ óðerne æt his swister, L. Alf. pol. 42; Th. i. 90, 28. Hé betǽhte hý his swyster, Chr. 1048; Erl. 180, 23. Tó hyre gingran swuster, Gen. 19, 31. Forlét hé Pendan sweoster, Bd. 3, 7; S. 529, 29. Swustor (suoester, Lind.: swester, Rush.) sororem, Jn. Skt. 11, 5. Swuster, Gen. 25, 20. Hiera swostur (sweostor, swystor (-er), swustra) wǽrun Cuénburg and Cúþburh, Chr. 718; Th. pp. 70, 71. Neogone wǽran Noðþæs sweoster, Lchdm. iii. 62, 18. Ealle his swustra (suoester, Lind.: swæster, Rush.), Mt. Kmbl. 13, 56. Swustra (suoestro, Lind.: swester, Rush.), Mk. Skt. 6, 3. Swestro, Jn. Skt. Rush. 11, 3. Ic seah vi. gebróþor and hyra sweostor mid, Exon. Th. 394, 13; Rä. 14, 2. Ðe ne onfó swustru (swustra, MS. A.: suoestro, Lind.: swester, Rush.) Mk. Skt. 10, 30. II. of membership in a religious house:?-Ætýwde sumre gódre swuster wundorlíc gesyhþ . . . Ðeós sweoster. . ., Bd. 4, 9; S. 576, 18-30. Seó gesomnung bróþra and sweostra, 4, 19; S. 589, 9. Ðá ongan heó on gesomnunge ðare sweostra sécan . . . Heó nǽnige andsware findan mihte, ðeáh ðe heó georne sóhte æt ðám swustrum, 4, 7; S. 574, 35, 40. Ðá geseah heó óþre sweoster (sorores) ymb hí restende . . . ðá áwæhte heó ealle ða sweostera, 4, 23; S. 596, 5-14. [Goth. swistar: O. Sax. swestar: O. Frs. swester, suster: O. H. Ger. swestar: Icel. systir.] v. ge-sweostor; ge-sweosternu.
sweót, es; n. A troop, band, squadron:?-Him on láste fór sweót Ebréa sigore geweorþod, Judth. Thw. 25, 38; Jud. 299. Ðý deáðdrepe drihte swǽfon, synfullra sweót sáwlum lunnon, Cd. Th. 209, 8; Exod. 496. Segn ofer sweóton, 185, 23; Exod. 127. Segen for sweótum, Elen. Kmbl. 247; El. 124. Sweótum in crowds, in shoals, Beo. Th. 1138; B. 567. Sunu Simeonis sweótum cómon (came in bands), Cd. Th. 199, 20; Exod. 341. Fífe fóran folc cyningas sweótum (marched with their squadrons), 119, 5; Gen. 1975. Moyses bebeád cígean sweót (summon the bands), 119, 25; Exod. 220.
sweóta (?), an; m. The scrotum:?-Sweótan marsem ( = marsupium, v. Cockayne's remark, Lchdm. iii. 371, col. 1), Lchdm. i. lxxiv, 27.
Sweó-þeód, e; f. The Swedish people:?-Ne ic tó Sweóðeóde sibbe oððe treówe wihte ne wéne, Beo. Th. 5836; B. 2922. Swíðe mycel here ǽgðer ge landhere ge sciphere of Swaðeóde (Sweóðode, MS. F.), Chr. 1025; Erl. 163, 9. [Icel. Sví-þjóð.]
sweotol, swutol, switol, swytol, sutol (-ul, -al, -el); adj. Plain, manifest, evident, clear, patent:?-Sweotul, gewis evidens, i. manifestus, patens, perspicuus, certum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 144, 35. Sweotol evidens, 29, 51. Seotol, 107, 42. I. of what may be clearly perceived by the senses, (a) by sight:--Biþ mín swæð sweotol, sweart on óþre healfe, Exon. Th. 403, 19; Rä. 22, 10. Wiht sweotol and gesýne, 420, 13; Rä. 40, 3. Him on eaxle wearð syndolh sweotol, Beo. Th. 1638; B. 817. Ða fótlástas wǽron swutole and gesýne, Blickl. Homl. 203, 36. Fell hongedon sweotol and gesýne, Exon. Th. 394, 16; Rä. 14, 4. (b) by hearing:--Ðǽr wæs hearpan swég, swutol sang, Beo. Th. 180; B. 90. (c) by taste:--Ne sié on bergnesse tó sweotol ðæs ecedes scearpnes, Lchdm. ii. 224, 22. II. manifest to observation, that may be noticed by all, public, open, patent:?-His nama wæs swutol geworden, Mk. Skt. 6, 14. Hit is on ús eallum swutol and gesýne, ðæt wé oftor brǽcan, ðonne wé béttan, Wulfst. 159, 5. Sweotol and geséne, Cd. Th. 170, 1; Gen. 2806. Hé wundra fela weorodum gecýððe sweotulra and gesýnra, Andr. Kmbl. 1129; An. 565. Swutelra, Menol. Fox 255; Men. 129. Sutelum publicis, Hpt. Gl. 525, 20. III. clear to the understanding, free from obscurity, plain, of proof, argument, indication, etc.:--Swutol is constat, Ælfc. Gr. 33; Zup. 206, 7: liquet, Zup. 207, 6. Ðæt is swíþe sweotol tó ongitanne be sumum æðelinge, Bt. 16, 2; Fox 52, 18. Genóh sweotol is, ðætte gód word biþ betera ðonne ǽnig wela, 13; Fox 38, 22: 36, 3; Fox 176, 27: 36, 7; Fox 184, 5. Is on mé sweotul ðæt. . . it is plain from my case that. . ., Exon. Th. 275, 17; Jul. 551. Biþ hit sweotol (swutul, Hatt. MS.), Past. 14; Swt. 83, 20. Swutol, 21; Swt. 153, 4. Ðæt wæs tácen sweotol it was a token that was an evident proof, Beo. Th. 1671; B. 833. Ðæt is swíþe swital (sweotol, Cott. MS.) on ðære týdrunge, Bt. 34, 12; Fox 152, 25. Wæs swytol, ðæt hé ǽr mihte wið deáð gebeorgan, Wulfst. 23, 15. Ðis eástorlíce gerýno ús æteóweþ ðæs écean lífes sweotole bysene, Blickl. Homl. 83, 8: 99, 14. Tácen sutol, Cd. Th. 270, 12; Sat. 89. Orðancum swutulum argumentis evidentibus (apertis, manifestis), Hpt. Gl. 486, 21. Ðæt him biþ ungewítnode hiora yfel on ðisse worulde, ðæt is ðæt sweotoloste tácn (the clearest indication) ðæs mǽstan yfeles on ðisse worulde, Bt. 38, 3; Fox 200, 29. [Sutel (sotel, 2nd MS.) word a clear message, Laym. 1519. Bi Moisen is sutel and eðcene, A. R. 154, 22. Wass full sutell and full sene, þatt . . ., Orm. 18862.] v. un-sweotol.
sweotole; adv. I. of a phys:cal action, clearly, without obstruction:?-Steorran geseón swá sutole swá on niht, Blickl. Homl. 93, 20. Gé sweotule geseóþ Dryhten faran, Exon. Th. 32, 13; Cri. 512. Sweotole on ðæs hǽþenes heáfod starian, Judth. Thw. 24, 8; Jud. 177. Ðonne sió sunne sweotolost scíneþ, Met. 6, 3. II. in a manner open to general observation, evidently, openly, plainly, publicly:?-Wǽron heardingas sweotole gesamnod, Elen. Kmbl. 51; El. 26. Sweotule ða forweorðaþ (their destruction will be seen by all), Ps. Th. 101, 23. Sunne hire setlgang sweotule healdeþ, 103, 18. III. openly, without reserve or concealment, plainly:?-Nis nú nán ðe ic him módsefan mínne durre sweotule ásecgan, Exon. Th. 287, 8; Wand. 11. IV. of thinking, knowing, stating, explaining, etc., clearly:?-Sweotole ongitan, Bt. 33, 2; Fox 124, 34: Met. 26, 107. Sueotole, sweotule, Past. 7; Swt. 49, 2. Sweotule cunnan, Ps. Th. 118, 12. Sweotele gecnáwan, Bt. 3, 1; Fox 4, 29. Sweotole oncnáwan, Met. 12, 29. Swotole, Bd. 2, 12; S. 515, 20: 3, 14; S. 540, 15. Swutele, swutole tócnáwan, Bt. 20; Fox 72, 15, 20. Be ðære sunnan sweotole geþencean, Met. 5, 1. Sweotole secgan, Met. 20, 182: Elen. Kmbl. 335; El. 168. Sweotole gecýðan, 1718; El. 861. Sweotole gereccan, Bt. 35, 3; Fox 160, 5. Swetole, Met. 8, 2. Sweotule geséþan, Exon. Th. 15, 28; Cri. 243. Ða siex stafas sweotule bécnaþ, 407, 5: Rä. 25, 10. Sweotolor, Bt. 34, 6; Fox 142, 3: 11, 1; Fox 30, 29: Met. 12, 23: Shrn. 188, 31. Hwæðer ðú hit á sweotolor (any more clearly) ongiton mǽge, Bt. 34, 4; Fox 138, 16. Swá hé hit sweotolost and andgitfullícost gereccan mihte, Bt. proœm.; Fox viii, 4.
sweotolian, swutelian, swytelian; p. ode. I. to make clear or manifest, to shew, declare:?-Ǽlc gesceaft ðæt sweotolaþ, ðæt God éce is Deum aeternum esse cunctorum degentium commune judicium est, Bt. 42; Fox 256, 7. Hér swutelaþ on ðison cwyde hú Ædelréd geúðe ðæt Æðeríces cwyde standan móste, Chart. Th. 539, 20: 320, 24: 312, 8. Swytelaþ, 586, 25. Swetelaþ expremit, Kent. Gl. 1120. Ðæt ðæt man beháteþ, ðonne man fulluhtes gyrnþ, swytelaþ, ðæt man wile on ǽnne God gelýfan, L. I. P. 24; Th. ii. 338, 12. Hé ongan swutelian (ostendere) his leorningcnihtum, ðæt hé wolde faran, Mt. Kmbl. 16, 21. [He schawde and sutelede þ̄ he wes soð godd, Kath. 1037. He schawde him and sutelede him seolf to hire, 1834. Þet hit sutelie in us hwuch was his lif, A. R. 382, 3.] II. to become manifest:?-Ðín mycele miht manegum swutelaþ, Hy. 9, 32. [Hit schal sutelin (become manifest) sone, Jul. 18, 4. Þurh þis suteleð soð al þ̄ ich segge, Kath. 1089.] v. ge-sweotulian.
sweotol-líc; adj. Clear, plain:?-Gehýraþ hwæt God sylfa sǽde swytellícre (swutel-, MS. C.) segene, Wulfst. 45, 1.
sweotollíce; adv. Clearly:?-Swutollíce manifeste and manifesto, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Zup. 235, 12. I. of a physical action, clearly, plainly, distinctly:?-Hié sweotollíce geseón mihten ðære byrig weallas blícan, Judth. Thw. 23, 23; Jud. 136. Hí swutolíce (manifeste) engla sang gehýrdon, Bd. 3, 8; S. 532, 5. Swutollíce hé sprecþ expresse loquitur, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Zup. 228, 11. II. openly, publicly:?-Ðæt heó swutollíce (palam) eallum cýdde, Bd. 4, 19; S. 588, 17. III. of perceiving, knowing, shewing, stating, etc., clearly, plainly:?-Sweotollíce ongitan, Blickl. Homl. 97, 22: 219, 36: Bd. 5, 1; S. 614, 13. Sweotolíce, 4, 28; S. 607, 3. Swutollíce oncnáwan, Hy. 7, 90. Sweotollíce gecýðan, Elen. Kmbl. 1376; El. 690: Blickl. Homl. 27, 26. Swutollíce, 181, 27: Homl. Th. i. 76, 28. Him wæs gesǽd swutelíce, Gen. 15, 13. Sweotolícor gecnáwan, Exon. Th. 263, 26; Jul. 355. Swætolocor getécan, Shrn. 175, 34. Omarus sweotelícost sægde Homerus luculentissimo carmine palam fecit, Ors. 1, 11; Swt. 50, 15.
sweotolung, e; f. I. a manifestation:?-Ðes freólsdæg (Epiphany) is Godes swutelung gecweden, Homl. Th. i. 104, 29. II. an explanation, definition:?-Ásmeáde swutelunge elucubratam definitionem (manifestationem). Hpt. Gl. 522, 47. III. a declaration, setting forth, exposition, shewing:?-Hér onginþ seó bóc peri didaxeon (GREEK), ðæt ys seó swytelung hú fela géra wæs behúded se lǽcecræft, Lchdm. iii. 82, 1. IV. evidence, testimony, declaration; when written, a testament, title-deed, certificate, prescript:?-Hér is seó swutelung (the will, testament) hú Ælfhelm his áre and his ǽhta gefadod hæfþ, Chart. Th. 596, 5. Ðeós swutelung (the evidence or testimony which has been recited in the previous part of the charter) wæs ðǽrrihte gewriten and beforan ðam cincge gerǽdd, 540, 35. Wé habbaþ gedón swá swá ús swutelung (evidence of your wish, mandate) from eów com æt ðam ƀ. (in respect to consecrating the bishop), 314, 1. Hí ða bóc tó swutelunge sealdan they gave the charier as evidence (of a grant), 588, 14. Tó swutulunge ðæt man wite ðæt man clǽne bæc hæbbe (tó swutelunge ðæt man mid rihte fare, 9), L. A. G. 5; Th. i. 156, 5. Ic wille, ðæt ðú underfó ðás seofon lamb æt mé, ðæt hig tó swutelunge (in testimonium) beón, ðæt ic dealf ðísne pytt, Gen. 21, 30. Gyf ǽnig man sý, ðæt wylle ǽnig ðæra sócna him tó handa drægen, ic wylle ðæt hé cume beforan mé mid his sweotelunge (with the evidence that substantiates his claim), Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iv. 222, 32. Bringe hé swutelunge (switelunge, MS. D.), ðæt hé swá micel betǽht hæbbe, L. Edg. i. 4; Th. i. 264, 10. Ðá gemǽtæ hé on ðam mynstre ða ylcan swutelunga (evidences, title-deeds) ðe his foregenga hæfde . . . Syððon se bisceop his swutelunge geeówod hæfde, Chart. Th. 302, 8-33. On ðissan þrím cyrografum ðe on ðissun ðrým mynstrum tó swytelungum gesette syndon, 233, 2. Swutelung[um] adstipulationibus (cf. adstipulationibus trymnessum, cýðnessum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 3, 63), Hpt. Gl. 525, 36. v. ge-swutelung.
Sweotolung-dæg, es; m. Epiphany:?-Ðes dæg (viii. Idus Ian.) is geháten on bócum Swetelungdæg, forðan ðe on ðisum dæge wearð Crist mancynne geswutelod, Homl. Th. ii. 36, 20. Epiphania Domini is translated by Godes geswutelungdæg, i. 104, 18.
swer a pillar, swér a mother-in-law, swér heavy, v. sweor, sweger, swǽr.
swerian; p. swór (but a weak swerede occurs; cf. Icel. svarði as well as sór), pl. swóron; pp. sworen To swear, make oath. I. absolute:--Se ðe sweraþ (swereþ, Ps. Th. Surt.) néhstan his qui jurat proximo suo, Ps. Spl. 14, 6. Ðæt land ðe ic fore swór heora fæderum terram pro qua juravi patribus eorum, Num. 14, 23. Ðæt land ðe ðú hira fæderum fore swóre, 11, 12. Hí wið mé sweórun adversum me jurabant, Ps. Surt. 101, 9. Ic secge eów, ðæt gé eallunga ne swerion, Mt. Kmbl. 5, 34. Hí mé hraþe æfter swerigean ongunnon, Ps. Th. 101, 6. Hé mót swerian for syxtig hída, L. In. 19; Th. i. 114, 11. I a. to swear by or on:--Swá hwylc swá swereþ on temple . . . swá hwá swá swereþ on ðæs temples golde, Mt. Kmbl. 23, 16, 18, 20, 21. Swá swá ðú swóre on sóðfæstnysse ðíne, Ps. Spl. 88, 48. Ic swerige ðurh God juro per Deum, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Zup. 227, 4. Ne swerie gé þurh útencymena goda naman, Ex. 23, 13: Mt. Kmbl. 5, 34, 35. Ne swerigen gé nǽfre under hǽðene godas, L. Alf. 48; Th. i. 54, 23. I b. to swear to anything:--Ðæt hí hit gegaderian and eft ágifan swá hí durran tó swerian, L. N. P. L. 57; Th. ii. 300, 2. II. with an object, (1) a noun (pronoun):--Ðá swóron hí swíðe, ðæt hit swá wǽre. Ðá cwæð hé tó him: 'Ac tó hwon sweriaþ git mán?' Guthl. 14; Gdwin. 64, 6. Ic ne swór fela áþa on unriht, Beo. Th. 5470; B. 2738. Hé mé áðas swór, 949; B. 472. Hé him ðone áð swór, Gen. 24, 9. Ðone swergendan áð ðone hé swór jusjurandum quod juravit, Ps. Surt. ii. p. 199, 20. Wyrgdan, áð sweredan (áðsweredan?) devotabant, Wrt. Voc. ii. 26, 48. Se ðe mánáð swerige, L. Ath. i. 25; Th. i. 212, 18. Ðæs deádan mǽgas swerian unceáses áð, L. In. 35; Th. i. 124, 7. (1 a) to swear an oath by something:--Ða ðe áðas sweriaþ on hine, Ps. Th. 62, 9. Ic ǽne swór áð on hálgum, 88, 31. Gange ǽlc man ðæs tó gewitnesse ðe hé durre on ðam háligdóme swerian, L. Eth. iii. 2; Th. i. 292, 14. Ic swór mǽne áðas mínra hláforda lífe, L. de Cf. 9; Th. ii. 264, 11. (2) where the object is a clause that contains a statement of that which is confirmed by oath:--Ðá ætsóc hé and swerede ðæt hé nǽfre ðone man ne cúðe tunc coepit detestari et jurare quia non novisset hominem, Mt. Kmbl. 26, 74. Hig swóron him betweónan, ðæt hig sibbe heóldon, Gen. 21, 31. Ðá swóran hié swíðe, ðæt hié sóð sægdon, Nar. 25, 27. Swerige hé, ðæt hé him nán fácn on wiste, L. In. 56; Th. i. 138, 12: L. Ath. v. 12, 2; Th. i. 242, 4. Begite hé ðara .v. .i. ðæt him mid swerige, ðæt . . ., i. 9; Th. i. 204, 11. Swerian (cf. gif hí ðone áð syllan ne durren, 394. 3) hí, ðæt him nǽfre áð ne burste, L. C. S. 30; Th. i. 392, 27. (2 a) to swear by, on . . . that . . .:--Swerian hí on ðam háligdóme, ðæt hig nellan nǽnne sacleásan man forsecgean, L. Eth. iii. 3; Th. i. 294, 4. Ic swerige þurh mé sylfne . . . ic ðé bletsige, Gen. 22, 16. Sweriaþ þurh Drihten, ðæt gé dón wið mé mildheortnisse, Jos. 2, 12. Ðá ásweartode eall se king and swór under God ælmihtine and under ealle hálgan ðártó, ðæt hit næs ná his rǽd, Chart. Th. 340, 1. (3) where noun and clause both occur:--Swerige hé ðone áð, ðæt hé sý unscyldig, L. Ath. i. 73; Th. i. 210, 31. Ðæt Drihten swóre áð swíðe, ðæt God wolde sendan hungor, Wulfst. 209, 26. (3 a) with adjuration:--Áð swereþ engla þeóden þurh his sylfes líf, ðæt ðínes cynnes rím ne cunnon yldo, Cd. Th. 205, 5; Exod. 431. [Goth. swaran: O. Sax. swerian: O. Frs. sweria, swera, swara: O. H. Ger. swerien, sweren: Icel. sverja.] v. á-, æt-, for-, ge-, óþ-swerian; swerigend-líc.
swerian; p. ede To speak, talk:?-Oft ic fróde men gehýrde secgan and swerian ymb sume wísan hwæðer wǽre twegra strengra wyrd ðe warnung I have often heard wise men speak and talk (or ? swear, support what they said with oath) about a certain thing, whether of the twain were stronger, fate or caution, Salm. Kmbl. 851; Sal. 425. v. and-swerian.
swerigend-líc; adj. Pertaining to swearing:?-Sume (adverbia) synd jurativa, ðæt synd swerigendlíce, per ðurh . . . Má syndon swergendlíce adverbia, ac hwæt sceolon hí gesǽde, nú wé swerian ne móton? Ælfc. Gr. 38; Zup. 227, 3-11.
swertling, es; m. A tit-lark:?-Swertling ficedula (in later glossaries ficedula is translated rooke, Wülck. Gl. 583, 12: nuthage = nuthatch, 702, 32. See also sucga), Wrt. Voc. i. 29, 10. v. sweart.
swerum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 56, 44, swerung, swés, swésende. v. swéte, áþswerung, swæ-acute;s, swæ-acute;sende.
swétan; p. te; pp. swéted, swét To sweeten, make sweet. I. in a physical sense:--Nim hunig and swét ðone drænc, Lchdm. iii. 58, 30: ii. 120, 11. Swéte swíðe mid hunige, 216, 4. Swétedne, 111, 8, 15. II. to make pleasant:?-Hé (the devil) mec féran hét, ðæt ic ðé sceolde synne swétan, Exon. Th. 273, 32; Jul. 525. [Saullt þatt ure mete sweteþþ, Orm. 1649. Swetyn̄ or make a thynge swete to mannys taste dulcoro, Prompt. Parv. 483. O. H. Ger. suozen: Icel. sœta.] v. ge-swétan; swétian.
swéte; adj. Sweet. I. in reference to the senses (lit. or fig.) (1) of taste:--Ðis ofet is swá swéte, Cd. Th. 41, 12; Gen. 655. Ðæt is for hwí se góda lǽce selle ðam hálum men séftne drenc and swétne, and óðrum hálum biterne and strangne, Bt. 39, 9; Fox 226, 11, 13. Swéte ofer hunig dulcia super mel, Ps. Spl. 118, 103. Gif hwá biteres hwes onberede, ðæt him þúhte beóbreád ðí swétre, Bt. 23 tit.; Fox xiv, 10. Sweótran ofer hunig, Ps. Surt. 18, 11. ¶ used substantively:--Wá eów ðe taliaþ ungód tó góde, biter ðing tó swéte and swéte belǽþaþ, Wulfst. 47, 7, (1 a) of food, sweet in sweet-meat, delicate:?-Swéte mete dapis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 28, 29. Se swéta mete ðe hié héton monna, Past. 17; Swt. 125, 19. Wyt ǽton swétne mete (dulces cibos), Ps. Th. 54, 13. Fram swéttrum mettum a cibis luculentioribus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 6, 25. ¶ used substantively:--Hé forlét eall ðæt ðǽr líðes wæs and swétes astu instructa vino epulisque deseruit, Ors. 2, 4; Swt. 76, 14. Ys sáwl mín swétes gefylled adipe et pinguedine repleatur anima mea, Ps. Th. 62, 5. Ne mæg se flǽschoma swéte forswelgan, Exon. Th. 311, 20; Seef. 95. (2) of smell, sweet, fragrant:?-Ðǽr wæs swíþe swéte stenc, Blickl. Homl. 145, 29. Wyrta wearmiaþ, willsele stýmeþ swétum swæccum, Exon. Th. 212, 22; Ph. 214. Swétum wyrtum with sweet-smelling herbs, 241, 6; Ph. 652. Wynsumra steám, swéttra and swíþra, 358, 15; Pa. 46. Of múðe cwom swecca swétast, 178, 20; Gú. 1247. Ðara swétestena wyrta, Bd. 3, 8; S. 532, 20. (3) of freedom from unpleasant taste or smell, sweet, pure, untainted:?-Mere in ðæm wǽre fersc wæter and swéte genóg (stagnum dulcissime aque), Nar. 11, 26. Ðá wæs ic gefeónde ðæs swétan wætres and ðæs ferscan dulci aqua potata gaudio, 12, 10. Merum hlúttor wín oððe swerum, mero wíne (l. (?) mero swétum wíne), Wrt. Voc. ii. 56, 44. Drince on swétum wætre, Lchdm. ii. 134, 23. Bæþ of swétum ferscum wæterum, 194, 10. (4) of sound, sweet, harmonious:?-Swég ðæs swétan sanges, Bd. 5, 12; S. 630, 23. Swég eallum songcræftum swétra, Exon. Th. 206, 26; Ph. 132. Ðá gehýrde hé ða swétestan stæfne, Bd. 4, 3; S. 567, 39. II. in reference to the feelings, sweet, agreeable, pleasant:?-Mé swéte and wynsum wæs ðæt ic oððe leornode oððe lǽrde aut discere aut docere dulce habui, Bd. 5, 24; S. 647, 27. Cristes onsýn on sefan swéte sínum folce, biter bealofullum, Exon. Th. 56, 29; Cri. 908. Hwæt déþ ðæt swéte word? Hit gemanigfealdaþ mannes freóndscipe and stilleþ mannes feónd (cf. a soft answer turneth away wrath), Salm. Kmbl. 204, 45. Geocc mín suoet &l-bar; éðe (wynsum, Rush., W. S.) is jugum meum suave est, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 11, 30. Swoete and reht Dryhten dulcis et rectus Dominus, Ps. Surt. 24, 8. Ðú ðín swéte good sealdest þearfum, Ps. Th. 67, 11. Ða geógoðlustas ðe him swéte wǽron tó áræfnenne, Blickl. Homl. 59. 10. Hí mihton eáþe secgan sóþspell, gif him ða leásunga nǽron swétran, Bt. 35, 4; Fox 162, 16. Se swétesta láreów and se wynsumesta doctor suavissimus, Bd. 5, 22; S. 644, 3. Hwæt ðé sý her on worlde swétast and leófast gesewen ðínra ǽhta, Blickl. Homl. 195, 20. Mín se swétesta sunnan scíma, Iuliana, Exon. Th. 252, 20; Jul. 166. Dohtor mín seó dýreste and seó swéteste, 248, 11; Jul. 94. [O. Sax. swóti: O. Frs. swéte: O. H. Ger. suozi: Icel. sœtr.] v. hunig-, un-swéte; swót, swóte.
sweþel, sweoþol, es; m. A swathe, wrap, band, bandage; cf. swaddling band, clothes:--Sweþil fascia, Wrt. Voc. ii. 34, 74. Sueðelas suedilas instites, Txts. 69, 1060. Sweþelas, Wrt. Voc. ii. 45, 48. Sweoþolas fascia [e?], 93, 69. Suuoeðles institis, Jn. Skt. Lind. 11, 44. Suaeðila fasciarum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 108, 18. Sweþila, 34, 76. Sweþela, 82, 36. Sweþelum fasciarum, 34, 21. Suithelon institis, Txts. 113, 72. ¶ of a funeral pile in whose fire the body is wrapped (?):--Wuduréc ástáh sweart ofer swioðole (swicðole, MS.) the smoke rose black above the pile where Beowulf's body lay enwrapped, Beo. Th. 6281; B. 3146, cf. swaþul. [Cf. Bondon wit a sueþelband (suadiling band, swaþeling bonde, other MSS.), C. M. 1343. A child in swethelcloutes, Met. Homl. 91, 14. O. H. Ger. swedili malagma.] v. sweðian.
sweðian; p. sweðede To swathe, wrap. [She swaþed (swetheled, suedeld, other MSS.) him wiþ cloþes, C. M. 11236. Swathyn̄ chyldyr fascio, Prompt. Parv. 482. Sweethed togeder, Pall. 149, 19.] v. be-sweðian (where add these passages, Lchdm. ii. 46, 32: 182, 19: 250, 18), bi-sweðian.
sweðrian, swiðrian, sweoðerian; p. ode (some instances of the cpd. gesweðrian, omitted under that word, are given here) To retire, withdraw, abate, subside, decrease, fail, come to an end:?-Sweðraþ facessit, discedit, Wrt. Voc. ii. 33, 30. Gesweðeriaþ fatescunt (fatiscere dissolvi, Migne), 96, 18. Mylt, sweþrede, áswand, áteorade dissolvitur, desinit, discedit, 147, 25. Gesuedrade, gesuidradae, gisuderadae constipuisse, Txts. 53, 525. Geswiðrade, Wrt. Voc. ii. 14, 71. Gesweþrade constipuit, i. defecit, 133, 63. Sweþeredan fatescunt, 37, 29: facescunt, 91, 61. Gesueðradun, -suedradum exoleverunt, Txts. 61, 786. Exoliverunt, i. tabuerunt, eruperunt, arripuerunt, vel gesweþredon, Wrt. Voc. ii. 145, 82. Sweþriendum facessante, 33, 29. Sweðriende, 75, 20. I. in reference to concrete things:--Se bryne sweþraþ the burning ceases, Exon. Th. 213, 24; Ph. 229. Swég swiðrode the sound ceased, Cd. Th. 197, 18; Exod. 309. Cyre (cyrr?) swiðrode sǽs æt ende (the sea no longer ebbed (?), it rolled back upon the Egyptians), 207, 12; Exod. 465. Mere sweoðerade (the sea subsided), ýða ongin eft oncyrde, hreóh holmþracu, Andr. Kmbl. 930; An. 465. Dryhten forlét dægcandelle scíre scínan, sceadu sweðerodon, 1672; An. 838. Sweþredon, Exon. Th. 179, 16; Gú. 1262. Swiðredon, Cd. Th. 184, 27; Exod. 113. Ðonne dú ongite ðæt ðæt geswel hnescige and swiþrige, Lchdm. ii. 208, 16. Ðæt fýr ongon sweðrian, Beo. Th. 5397; B. 2702. Swiðrian, Cd. Th. 8, 34; Gen. 134. II. in reference to abstract things:--Se longa gefeá ǽfre ne sweþraþ the long joy never comes to an end, Exon. Th. 238, 23; Ph. 608. Hwæþere him ðæs wonges wyn sweðrade whether the delight in the plain was abating with him, 123, 16; Gú. 323. Hild sweðrode, earfoð and ellen, Beo. Th. 1807; B. 901. Gif mægen swiðrade, Cd. Th. 193, 7; Exod. 242. Nó swiðrode ríce, 256, 12; Dan. 639. Him sweðraden synna lustas sinful joys subsided in him, Exon. Th. 109, 2; Gú. 84. Metod lét Babilone blǽd swiðrian, Cd. Th. 258, 30; Dan. 683. v. gesweðerian; swaðrian, and next word.
sweðrung, e; f. Diminution, failure[:--Ðæt tácnaþ wæstma gesweþrunge that betokens a failure of crops, Lchdm. iii. 180, 13.]
sweðung, swoðung, e; f. A poultice :-- Sweþing wiþ swile . . . gecnuwa ða wyrte, gemeng wið ǽges ðæt hwíte, beclǽm ðæt lim mid ðe se swile on sié, Lchdm. ii. 74, 24. Sealfæ and sweþinge wið swylum, 6, 30. Gif hé sweðunga (swoðunga, R. Ben. Interl. 59, 11) gegearwode si exibuit fomenta, R. Ben. 52, 11. [O. H. Ger. swedunga fomentum.]
swétian; p. ede To be sweet or pleasant :-- Ðætte ús biterige sió hreówsung, swá swá ús ǽr swétedon ða synna that repentance may prove bitter to us, as before sins were sweet to us, Past. 54, 5; Swt. 425, 14. v. swétan.
swétlǽcan. v. ge-swétléht. swét-líce; adv. Sweetly, pleasantly :-- Swétlíce drincan ða word ðínes wísdómes verba tuae scientiae dulciter haurire, Bd. 5, 24; S. 649, 1.
swét-mete, es; m. A sweet-meat, delicacy :-- Of ðám swétmettum and of mistlícum dryncum ðæs líþes onwæcnaþ sió wóde þrág ðære wrǽnnesse, Bt. 37, 1; Fox 186, 16: Met. 25, 40. v. swót-mete.
swétness, e; f. Sweetness :-- Swétnys dulcedo, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 3; Zup. 37, 6. Swétnesse dulcedinis, Wrt. Voc. ii. 28, 34, I. in reference to the sense (a) of smell, fragrance :-- Mycel swétnys wundorlíces stences fragrantia mirandi odoris, Bd. 4, 10; S. 578, 13. Swétnes, 5, 12; S. 629, 20. Swétnysse stencg, 3, 8; S. 532, 18. In gistenc suoetnises in odore suavitatis, Rtl. 12, 17. Ic nardes stenc oferswíþe mid mínre swétnesse, Exon. Th. 423, 30; Rä. 41, 30. (b) of taste:--Suoetnis ambrosea, Wrt. Voc. ii. 100, 14. Ðæs monnan swétnes, Past. 17; Swt. 125, 23. Of bitternise in suoetnisse, Rtl. 114, 36. II. sweetness, pleasantness, agreeableness :-- Seó swétnes ðæs hǽmedþinges ðe hé ǽr lufode, Blickl. Homl. 59, 16. Hú micel is seó mycelnes ðínre swétnesse (dulcedinis tuae), Ps. Th. 30, 21. Mid ðære swétnesse ðínra bletsunga, 20, 3. Úre heortan gefyllan mid ðære swétnesse godcundra beboda, Blickl. Homl. 37, 8. Be swétnesse ðæs heofonlícan ríces, Bd. 4, 24; S. 598, 16. Ða woruldsǽlþa mid swíþe manigre swétnesse óleccaþ ðǽm módum, Bt. 7, 1; Fox 16, 10. Beswícan þurh ða swétnesse ðara worda . . . þurh ða swétnesse ðara synna, Blickl. Homl. 55, 22, 24. Mid ða mǽstan swétnesse maxima suavitate, Bd. 4, 24; S. 596, 34.
swét-swége; adj. Of sweet sound, harmonious, melodious :-- Mid swétswégum leóþum suavisonis carminibus, Hymn. Surt. 58, 16.
swét-wyrde; adj. Agreeable of speech, bland:--Blandis sermonibus, lenis verbis líþum vel swétwyrdum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 127, 4. Balbus, qui vult loqui et non potest wlips vel swétwyrda (blandus seems to have been read?), 125, 11.
swic (swice ? q. v.), es; n. Deception, illusion :-- For swicum deóflícum propter illusiones diabolicas, Anglia xiii. 396, 441. [O. H. Ger. á-, bi-swih; pl. -swicha; m.: Icel. svik; n.: Dan. svig fraud, deceit.] v. ǽ-, be-, ge-, lár-swic; swice.
swica, an; m. I. a deceiver :-- Swica planus vel seductor, Wrt. Voc. i. 47, 51. Se swica (se ductor ille) sǽde: 'Æfter þrým dagon ic áríse,' Mt. Kmbl. 27, 63. Seó smyltnys is stulor and dígele swica, Homl. Th. ii. 392, 25. II. one who fails in fidelity or fealty, a traitor :-- Him man wearp on, ðæt hé wæs ðes cynges swica and ealra landleóda that he was a traitor to his king and country, Chr. 1055; Erl. 189, 4. Swá wurdon Willelmes swican geniðrade, 1075; Erl. 214, 17. [The suikes undergæton ð he (Stephen) milde man was, Chr. 1137; Erl. 261, 30. Ueond þet þuncheð freond is swike ouer alle swike, A. R. 98, 6. Sweoke (the false fiend), H. M. 45, 34. Þus speken þeos swiken, . . . swa long heo hine lærde, þat he heom ileuede, Laym. 3816. Godard was þe moste swike . . . withuten on, þe wike Iudas, Havel. 423. Icel. dróttinsviki.] v. ǽ-, be-, fæder-, hláford-, mann-swica.
swícan; p. swác, pl. swicon; pp. swicen. I. to move about, wander :-- Oðer lifaþ lytle hwíle, swíceþ on ðisse sídan gesceafte, and ðonne eft mid sorgum gewíteþ, Salm. Kmbl. 737; Sal. 638. [O. H. Ger. swíhante vagus.] II. to move away, depart, escape :-- Wiþ ðæt beón æt ne fleón, genim veneriam and gehóh hý tó ðære hýfe; ðonne beóþ hý wunigende and nǽfre ne swícaþ, Lchdm. i. 98, 2. Hé for mundgripe mínum scolde licgean lífbysig, bútan his líc swice unless his body had escaped (from my grasp), Beo. Th. 1937; B. 966. Eam ic geseald ðǽr ic út swícan ne mæg traditus sum et non egrediebar, Ps. Th. 87, 8. Hé biþ on ðæt wynstre weorud wyrs gesceáden, ðonne hé on ða swíþran hond swícan móte, Exon. Th. 449, 25; Dóm. 76. Sceal ánra gehwylc óðrum swícan, forðam Dryhten wile ðæt earme flǽsc eorðan betǽcan each one must depart from other, for the Lord will commit frail flesh to earth, Runic pm. Kmbl. 343, 14; Rún. 20. II. a. swícan from to turn from, to withdraw favour or allegiance from, to rebel :-- Ða leóde him from swicon the people renounced their allegiance to the king of the Elamites (cf. recesserunt ab eo, Gen. 14, 4), Cd. Th. 119, 18; Gen. 1981. Nóhwæðere ælmihtig ealra wolde Adam and Euan árna ofteón ðeáh ðe hé him from swice although he had withdrawn his favour from them (perhaps hé = hié and swice is plural though they had turned from him, 58, 31; Gen. 954. III. to desist from (dat. or prep.), cease from:--Gif hé ðære hnappunge ne swícþ, ðonne hnappaþ hé óð hé wierð on fæstum slǽpe, Past. 28; Swt. 195, 11. Hé from gebede swíceþ, Exon. Th. 264, 33; Jul. 373. Á byþ on færylde, nǽfre swíceþ, Runic pm. Kmbl. 342, 26; Run. 17. IV. to deceive :-- Se ðe sweraþ néhstan his and ná swícþ (decipit), Ps. Spl. 14, 6. Se swíceþ ða mengo seducit turbas, Jn. Skt. Rush. 7, 12. Ne nim ðú náne sibbe wið ðæs landes menn, ðe læs ðe hira ǽnig ðé swíce, Ex. 34, 15. V. to fail in one's duty to another, be a traitor to, desert :-- Hwider hweorfaþ wé (St. Andrew's followers) hláfordleáse . . . gif wé swícaþ ðé if we desert thee, Andr. Kmbl. 814; An. 407. Nǽfre hit (the sword) æt hilde ne swác manna ǽnigum it never failed any man in fight, Beo. Th. 2925; B. 1460. Ðæt ðú Gode swíce that thou prove traitor to God, Andr. Kmbl. 1916; An. 960. Hé nele Gode swícan, Exon. Th. 265, 27; Jul. 387. Ða ríceste Frencisce men wolden swícan heora hláforde ðam cynge, Chr. 1087; Erl. 224, 3. Drihten mé swícan ne wile the Lord will not desert me, Ps. Th. 53, 4. [His men him suyken (deserted) and flugæn, Chr. 1140; Erl. 264, 14. Heo sworen swiken (deceive) þat heo nolden, Laym. 4101. Ðe hunte him (the elephant) wille swiken (deceive), O. E. Misc. 20, 637. Þas ilke nefre ne swiken (ceased) to brekene þa licome, O. E. Homl. i. 43, 9. Bute ʒef þu swike ham (cease from such words), Marh. 5, 4. Hwanne ich swike (cease), O. and N. 1459. Hy ne zuykeþ (cease) neure niʒt ne day, Ayenb. 157, 21. O. Sax. swíkan: O. Frs. swíka: O. H. Ger. swíchan: Icel. svíkja: Dan. svige to deceive, leave in the lurch: Swed. swika.] v. á-, be-, ge-swícan; swician.
swic-cræft, es; m. Deception, treachery, fraud :-- Se þurh swiccræft (by treachery; but the Latin has in seditione) manslyht geworhte, Mk. Skt. 15, 7. Deóflíce dǽda on swiccræftan, L. Eth. v. 25; Th. i. 310, 18: vi. 28; Th. i. 322, 18.
swic-dóm, es; m. I. deceit, fraud :-- Wæs swicdóm swíðra ðonne wísdom, and þúhte hwílum wísost se ðe wæs swicolast, and se ðe litelícost cúðe leáslíce hiwian unsóð tó sóðe, Wulfst. 128, 7: 243, 13: 52, 31. Swicdóm woruldwelena deceptio divitiarum, Mk. Skt. 4, 19. Mid syrewungum and swicdóme hé becom tó ðære cynelícan geðincðe, Homl. Th. i. 80, 34. Hí (the Romans) mid swicdóme hié (the Sabine women) begeáton, Ors. 2, 2; Swt. 64, 27: Ælfc. T. Grn. 13, 20. Annanias and Saphira wurdon ofslegene for heora swicdóme, Homl. Ass. 59, 194. Hé (Christ) synne ne worhte ne nǽnne swicdóm on lífe, 47, 565. Hé hire sǽde þurh hire swicdóm, bepǽht, on hwam his strengð wæs, Jud. 16, 5. Se cyning swíðor micle wénende wæs ðæt hié ðonon fleónde wǽren ðonne hié ǽnigne swicdóm cýþan dorsten the king thought it was far more probable that they were fleeing thence, than that they would venture to practise any ruse, Ors. 2, 4; Swt. 76, 16. Swicdóma deceptionum, Hpt. Gl. 502, 18. II. treachery, failure in loyalty, treason :-- Ðá tugon hiene ðære burge witan ðæt hé heora swicdómes wið Alexander fremmende wǽre the chief men of the town accused him of treasonable practices against them in his relations with Alexander; quasi urbem regi venditasset, Ors. 4, 5; Swt. 168, 17. Be hláfordsearwe (be cynincges swicdóme, MS. B.) of treason, L. Alf. pol. 4; Th. i. 62, 14. Hí sǽdon ðæt hí woldan cuman ðider for ðes cynges swicdóme for the purpose of acting treacherously towards the king, Chr. 1048; Erl. 178, 27. Wæs ðis land swíðe ástirad and mid mycele swicdóme áfylled the land was much disturbed and filled with treason, 1087; Erl. 224, 2. Wið ðam ðe hí ealle ánrǽdlíce búton swicdóme (without failure of their loyalty) tó him (Ethelred) gecyrdon, 1014; Erl. 150, 13. III. an offence; scandalum :-- Wá ðysum middangearde þurh swicdómas (a scandalis): neód ys ðæt swycdómas (scandala) cumon; þeáhhwæðere wá ðam menn ðe swycdóm (scandalum, þurh hyne cymþ, Mt. Kmbl. 18, 7. [Misdon þurh Beelzebubes swikedom, O. E. Homl. i. 55, 10. þis nis nan swikedom, for þat weord ich hit halde, Laym. 8310. AH þatt folljheþþ swikedom, Orm. 3997. þu me misraddest. . . Schild þi swikedom from þe lihte, O. and N. 163. Icel. svik-dómr treason.]
swice, es; m. I. departure, escape, v. swícan, II :-- Helle hlinduru nágon hwyrft ne swice, útsíþ ǽfre the gates of hell allow of no return or escape, of egress ever, Exon. Th. 364, 30; Wal. 78. I a. escape from that which threatens to befall, evasion :-- Ne biþ ð æes lengra-swice sáwelgedáles ðonne seofon niht fyrstgemearces there will not be a longer escape from death than a period of seven days, Exon. Th. 164, 6; Gú. 1007. Ib. outcome, event, issue :-- Hé þenceþ ðæt his wíse þince unforcúþ biþ ðæs óþer swice ðonne hé ðæs fácnes fintan sceáwaþ he thinks that his ways appear respectable; their event will be different when he observes the result of the fraud. Exon. Th. 315, 15; Mód. 31. II. deceit, fraud, treachery, v. swícan, IV, V :-- Hé ealle ða cyningas mid biswice (mid his swice, Cote. MS. ) ofslóg captos per dolum reges interfecit, Ors. 3, 7; Swt. 114, 8. Hí on ðínum fulce fácen geswipere syredan and tó swice hogedon in plebem tuam astute cogitaverunt consilium. Ps. Th. 82, 3: Exon. Th. 317, 6; Mód. 61. III. offence, stumbling-block, snare; scandalum: - Ðanun mæg áspringan seó mǽste sacu and se mǽsta swice ealra ungeþwǽrnessa exinde grauissima occasio scandalorum oriri potest, R. Ben. 129, 8. Hí settan mé swyce (swyþe, MS. ) ðǽr ic síþade juxta iter scandalum posuerunt mihi, Ps. Th. 139, 5. [O. H. Ger. -swin; pl. -swihhi.] v. be- (acc. bigswicae, Lchdm. iii. 208, 12), hláford-, un-swice; swic.
swice, an; f. A trap :-- Swican decipulam, Hpt. Gl. 520, 30: Anglia xiii. 36, 263. [penne þe mon wule tilden his musestoch he bindeð uppon þa swike chese, O. E. Homl. i. 53, 21. A swyke discipula, Wrt. Voc. i. 221, col. 2 (15th cent.)]
swice; adj. I deceitful, fraudulent :-- Hí wiðstandaþ ðam swican (or subst. ? v. swica) Antecriste, Wulfst. 198, 14. [He minne fader biswak þurh swike his craftes (mid his luþer craftes, 2nd MS. ), Laym. 14865.] II. proving false to what is expected :-- Norðmen wáron súðfolcum swice (i. e. the southern people were deceived in their estimate of the northmen's power; swice, as applied to the northmen, cannot mean rebellious, renouncing allegiance, for it was the southern peoples who had rebelled against the northern, v. 119, 8-18; Gen. 1976-1981). Cd. Th. 120, 17; Gen. 1996. III. treacherous, failing in loyalty, v. swícan, V. [Feren swike ðe sulden him witterlike, Gen. and Ex. 2845.]
swice and (?) swicc, es; m. A scent, smell :-- Suice, suicae osma (Gk. óoun ; cf. Span, husmo smell, scent; andar a la husma to be on the scent; husmear to find out by smelling), Txts. 83, 1468. Swice, Wrt. Voc. ii. 63, 57. Ðæt wæs swéte stenc . . . tó ðæm swicce men þrungon, Exon. Th. 359, 21; Pa. 66. v. swecc.
swícend, es; m. A deceiver, betrayer :-- Se sáula swícend the devil, Homl. Ass. 196, 39: 197, 87. v. be-swícend.
-swicenness. v. be-, ge-swicenness.
swic-full; adj. Deceitful, fraudulent, crafty :-- Swicfulles strophosae, callidae. Hpt. Gl. 423, 61. Swicfullum fraudulento, 517, 45. Swicfulle frivola, fraudulenta, falsa, 444, 26. Swicfullum fraudulentis, 521, 31.
swician; p. ode. I. to wander :-- Ðaer hí swiciaþ on swíman, firenweorc beraþ, Exon. Th. 79, 33; Cri. 1300. Suicade, suicudae spatiaretur, Txts. 99, 1893. Hí ðurh cúþe stówe swicedon and fóron per nota loca dispersi vagarentur, Bd. 4. 4; S. 571, 4. Hí swycedan geond wésten erraverunt in solitudine, Ps. Th. 106, 3. Swicedan, 39. Swiciende pervagatus. Wrt. Voc. ii. 68, 79. II. to depart, turn :-- Ná ic fram ðínum dónum dǽdum swicade a judiciis tuis non declinavi, Ps. Th. 118, 102. III. to deceive :-- Mǽst ǽlc swicode and óðrum derede wordes and dǽde, Wulfst. 160, 3. Ne ǽnig ne syrwe ne óðrum ne swicie, 73, 12: 70, 5. Lytelíce swician, 55, 16. Ða men ðe ne dorstan for Godes ege swician . . . ða ðe cúðan swician and befician and mid leásbregdum earmum mannum derian. L. I. P. 12; Th. ii. 320, 31-26. Swiciende licceteras árísaþ and forlǽraþ tó manege, Wulfst. 89, 17. III a. with prep, on, ymb, to practise deceit in relation to a matter; cf. O. Sax. swíkan umbi :-- Se ðe on mynstres ǽhtum mid fácne swicaþ he who fraudulently deceives in the matter of a monastery's possessions. Homl. Th. i. 398, 26. Annanias and Saphira swicedon on heora ágenum ǽhtum, 33. Se syrwienda deofol á swicaþ, embe mancyn is ever practising deceit in respect to man, Wulfst. 107, 23. Se sceaða georne swicode ymb ða sáwle, Cd. Th. 38, 15; Gen. 607. IV. to offend; also to be offended; scandalizare, scandalizari :-- Gif ðín hand ðé swicaþ (scandalizat), Mt. Kmbl. 18, 8, 9: Mk. Skt. 9, 43, 45. þeáh ðe ealle swicion ne swicige. ic ðé ná etsi omnes scandalizati fuerint serf non ego, 14, 29. IV a. to give offence by words, speak injuriously :-- Ná murcna ðú ná swica ðú non murmures, non blasphemes, Scint. 164, 16. [O. H. Ger. swichón vagari.] v. á, ǽ-, be-swician; swícan.
swicn, e; f. Clearance from a criminal charge :-- Se ðe hereteáma betygen sié, hé hine be his wergilde áliése, oþþe be his were geswicne. Se áð sceal bión healf be húslgetigum. Ðeóf, siþþan hé biþ on cyninges bende, náh hé ða swicne is not allowed the alternative of clearing himself by oath, L. In. 15; Th. i. 112, 5. [Goth. swikns innocent, clear of wrong-doing; swiknei, swikniþa purity; swikneins purification: Icel. sykn free from guilt, cleared from a criminal charge; sykn, sykna clearance from a criminal charge.] v. ge-swicn; ge-swicnan.
-swicnan, -swicneful. v. ge-swicnan, ge-swicneful.
swicol, sweocol; ad; . I. deceitful, false, treacherous, crafty :-- Swicol fallax vel mendax, Wrt. Voc. i. 47, 50. (I) of persons :-- Næs heó swicol nánum ðæra ðe hyre tó ðohte she never deceived any one who trusted her, Lchdm. iii. 428, 34. Se swicola Herod . . . cýdde syððan his fácenfullan syrewunge, Homl. Th. i. 82, 15. Ðæt swicole wíf (Delilah), Jud. 16, 8. Ða gescotu ðæs sweocolan feóndés insidiantis hostis jacula, Past. 56; Swt. 431, 5. Áfandod þurh ðone swicolan deofol, Ælfc. T. Grn. 10, 45. Ða swicolan virum dolosum, Ps. Th. 5, 6. Se ðe wæs swicolast and se ðe litelícost cúðe leáslíce hiwian unsóð tó sóðe. Wulfst. 128, 9. Swicolost, 268, 17. (2) of things :-- Ðis líf is swá swicol, ðæt hit symble bepǽcþ, Homl. Skt. i. 5, 65. Ne sceole wé ná besettan úrne hiht on ðissum swicelum lífe, Homl. Th. i. 162, 18. Geseoh gif ic on swiculne weg oððe on unrihte eode vide, si via iniquitatis in me est, Ps. Th. 138, 21. II occasioning offence (f), v. swice, III. swician, IV, swicol-líc, II :-- Sóð biþ swicolost (switolost?), Menol. Fox 479; Gn. C. 10. [O. E. Homl. Laym. A. R. Havel. swikel: O. H. Ger. pi-swichal subdolus; Icel. svikall treacherous.] v. be-(bi-,, un-swicol.
swicol-líc; adj. I. deceitful, fraudulent :-- Swicollíce dǽda and láðlíce unlaga áscunige man swýðe; ð æt is, false gewihta and wóge gemeta and leáse gewitnessa, L. Eth. v. 24; Th. i. 310, 12: vi. 28; Th. i. 322, 12. II. occasioning offence, v. swice, III;-- Ǽnig þing ungeþwǽrlíces and swicollíces (the Latin has scandalorum spinas), R. Ben. 38, 18.
swicollíce; adv. With deceit, with guile, deceitfully, fraudulently, craftily :-- Hé cwæð ðæt hí wære wurdan ðæt hý ǽnig man tó swicol-líce ne bepǽhte mid leáslícre láre'uidete, ne quis uos seducat, ' Wulfst. 88, 26: 55, 3. Ðæt wyrse is, ð æt hé swicollíce hiwige, swylce hé árfæstes módes sý, 53. 26. Aman smeáde swicollíce embe ðæt hú hé eall ludéisc cynn fordyde Haman plotted how to destroy all the Jewish race, Homl. Ass. 96, 145.
swicolness, e; f. Deceit, fraud, treachery :-- Míne synna ðe ic gefremede on mæ-acute;nan áðe and swicolnyssæ, Anglia xi. 102, 85. Antecrist læ-acute;rþ unsóðfæstnysse and swicolnesse, Wulfst. 55, 12.
swicðole, Beo. Th. 6281; B. 3146. v. sweþel.
swícung, e; f. I. deceiving, deluding, deceit, fraud, delusion: -Mid . swícunge deóflícre inlusione diabolica, Anglia xi. 117, 29. Swícunge ceápes fraud in trade. Lchdm. iii. 198, 31: 202, 13. For swícuncgum propter illusiones, R. Ben. Interl. 88, 5. II offence, occasion of stumbling; scandalum :-- Se ðe lufaþ bróðer his, swícung (scandalum; v. 1 Jn. 2, 10) on him nys, Scint. 14, 12. Neód hit ys ðæt cuman swícunga (scandala), swá þeáh wá ðam menn þurh ðæne swícung (scandalum) cymþ, 134, 2-3. [He (false men) ðe swiken, ðin agte wið swiking, ði soule wið lesing, O. E. Misc. 19, 602.] v. á-, ǽ-be-, hláford-swícung.
-swidung in ge-swidung. Lchdm. iii. 168, 2. v. sweðring.
swífan; p. swáf, pl. swifon; pp. swifen. I. to move in a course, wend, sweep :-- Hond hwyrfeþ geneahhe swíféþ mé geond sweartne the hand passes over me (a skin), Exon. Th. 394, 4; Rä. 13, 13. On ðære ilcan eaxe hwerfeþ rodor, recene scríþeþ, súðheald swíféþ swift (sweeps swift), Met. 28, 17. Mqnnum þyncþ ðæt sió sunne on mere gange, under sǽ swífe, ðonne hió on setl glídeþ, 39. Sceal on ánum fét searo-ceáp (a ship) swífan, swíþe féran, faran ofer feldas, Exon. Th. 415, 6; Rä. 33, 7. [Here are added examples of á-swífan omitted in their place :-- Asuáb exorbitans, Wrt. Voc. ii. 107, 74. Áswífende exorbitans, exorbitantes, 31, 19, 31: 83, 7: 86, 10: exorbitantes, i. circuientes, declinantes, 145, 80.] II. of a course of action, to come to take part in a matter :-- Ðá swáf Eánulf on wæs geréfa ðá genom eal ðæt yrfe him on ðæt hé áhte tó Tyssebyrig then (after the commission of a crime) Eanulf, who was reeve, struck in or intervened, and took all the property from him (the criminal) that he owned at Tisbury, Chart. Th. 172, 31. [O. Frs. swíva to be uncertain: Icel. svífa rove, tarn, sweep. Cf. O. H. Ger. sweibón ferri, volvere, incitari. Gothic has the verb sweiban; p. swaif (Lk. 7, 45) with the meaning to cease, leave off.] v. á-, on-, tó-swífan.
swift; adj. Swift, fleet, that does or can move quickly :-- Suift alacer, Wrt. Voc. ii. 99, 76. Swift, 6, 51: expeditus, 145, 36: celer, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 18; Zup. 44, 9. Swyft pernix, 9, 64; Zup. 71, 2. Swift scip archiromachus, Wrt. Voc. i. 63, 30. Hé (the phenix) is snel and swift velox est, Exon. Th. 220, 8; Ph. 317. Ne se swifta mearh burhstede beáteþ, Beo. Th. 4521; B. 2264. Him on swift wind (cf. ungemetlíc wind, Bt. 12; Fox 36, 15) swápeþ, Met. 7, 20. Rodor swíféþ swift, 28, 17. Bufan ðam swiftan rodore. Bt. 36, 2; Fox 174, 15. Micel swég gǽþ of heora (the stars) swiftan ryne, Boutr. Scrd. 18, 43. Hors swiftne, Exon. Th. 400, 3; Rä. 20, 3: 487, 22; Rä. 74, 1. Swifte ǽrendracan veltes ( = velites), Wrt. Voc. i. 18, 23. Ic hæbbe swíþe swifte feþera, Bt. 36, 2; Fox 174, 4. Se móna is be sumum dǽle swiftre ðonne seó sunne, Lchdm. iii. 248, 3. Ða (Alfred's ships) wǽron ǽgðer ge swiftran ge unwealtran ge eác hiéran ðonne ða óðru, Chr. 897; Erl. 95, 13. Wind byþ on lyfte swiftust, Menol. Fox 464; Gn. C. 3. Gecunnian hwylc heora swiftost hors hæfde, Bd. 5, 6; S. 619, 1. Ealle ða menn ðe swyftoste hors habbaþ . . . Ðǽr beóþ ða swiftan hors ungefóge dýre, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 20, 34-21, 6. v. ryne-swift.
swiftlere, es; m. A slipper, shoe :-- Swiftlere suptularis (suptalaris), swiftlæras suptalares, Ælfc. Gl. Zup. 314, 15. Swyftleras subtalares, Coll. Monast. Th. 27, 31. Swifteleares, Wrt. Voc. i. 26, 19. [Cf. O. H. Ger. suftelara talaria, which Graff derives from Latin subtalaris. The English and German words seem to have the same origin.]
swiftlíce; adv. Swiftly :-- Hredlíce ɫ swiftlíce velociter, Ps. Lamb. 6, 11. Gálful líf swiftlíce (celeriter) gelǽt tó ylde, Scint. 88, 19. Ðá férde his gást swyftlíce, Homl. Th. i. 452, 30. Zacheus swyftlíce of ðam treówe álíhte, 580, 34. Hí fleóþ swiftlíce, Wulfst. 200, 17.
swiftness, e; f. Swiftness, fleetness, celerity :-- Hwá unlǽredra ne wundraþ ðæs roderes færeldes and his swiftnesse, Bt. 39. 3; Fox 214, 16. Dysig se ðe getrúwaþ on his horses swiftnesse, Ps. Th. 32, 15. Hé swang ðone top mid swá micelre swiftnesse, Ap. Th. 13, 13. Da óðre deór ðe mihton hire ætfleón þurh heora fóta swiftnysse, Homl. Ass. 63, 280. Þurh ða swiftnysse (the rapidity of the moon's motion), Lchdm. iii. 248, 4. Uton behealdan ða wundorlícan swyftnysse ðære sáwle; heó hæfþ swá mycele swvftnysse, ðæt heó on ánre tíde besceáwaþ heofonan and ofer sǽ flýhþ, Homl. Skt. i. 1, 123.
swift-ryne (?), es; m. A swift course, rapid running of water:--Singalrenes ɫ swift[renes] decursus, Hpt. Gl. 418, 51.
swiftu (-o); indecl. f. Swiftness :-- Hwá unlǽrdra ne wundrige rodres swifto? Met. 28, 3. v. swiftness.
swígan; p. de. I. to be silent :-- God ná swígeþ Deus non silebit, Ps. Spl. 49, 3. Stiórdon him menigo ðætte hé suígde (ut taceret), Mk. Skt. Lind. 10, 48. Ðú bist suígende (swígende, Rush.), Lk. Skt. Lind. 1, 20. Geót swígende ðæt blód on yrnende wæter, Lchdm. ii. 76, 14: 140, 26: 290, 26: 292, 25. Ðæt eall swígende gedó, 104, 10. Swígende (suígende, Hatt. MS.) hé cwæð on his móde . . . Ða swígendan (suígendan, Hatt. MS.) stefne se dígla Déma gehírde, Past. 4; Swt. 38, 16-20: Blickl. Homl. 7, 16. Þú ána hí swígende tǽlst thou alone by thy silence dost blame her, Ap. Th. 16, 21. Hé oft ána sæt swígende múðe saepe solus residens ore tacito, Bd. 2, 9; S. 512, 13. Ðæt ánra manna gehwylc sceáwige hine sylfne swígende móde, Blickl. Homl. 57, 34. II. to become silent from astonishment; stupere. v. swígung, III, swíge, III:--Swígdon ɫ styldon stupebant, Mk. Skt. Lind. 1, 22. Stylton ɫ suígdon, 6, 51. Suígdon (swígdon, Rush.), 10, 32. [O. H. Ger. swígén silere, reticere: Ger. schweigen.] v. for- (Ðeáh hé hit silf forswíge, his gegirla hine geswutelaþ, Ap. Th. 14, 3), ge- (see ge-swígde, -on, given under geswígian), óþ-swígan; swigian.
swíg-dæg, es; m. A day on which silence was to be observed :-- Circlíce þeáwas forbeódaþ tó secgenne ǽnig spel on ðám þrým swígdagum, Homl. Th. i. 218, 31: ii. 362, 16. [The three days referred to are the last three days of Passion Week. 'Besides the general injunction of silence in the ordinary business of life, and in various ritual matters, even the bells were to remain silent from the Thursday evening, which commemorated our Lord's betrayal, to the following Sunday morning. Nothing more, probably, was at first meant by this, than to impress a character of unusual solemnity upon the season, but it was eventually said that men were thus to be reminded of the time when the preaching of the Gospel wholly ceased; Jesus Himself being actually dead during most of it, and His disciples all along being dispersed panic-stricken.' Durand, quoted in Soames' Anglo-Saxon Church, p. 263. Cf. the injunction in the Ancren Riwle: Holdeð silence al þe swiðwike (swihende wike, MS. T.: swiwike, MS. C.) uort non of Ester euen, 70, 5-8. In German Good Friday is der stille Freitag.]
swíge (but swígea occurs, Scint. 82, 1), an; f. I. silence, absence of speech :-- Hú se láreów sceal bión gesceádwís on his swígean (swiggean, Cott. MSS.) and nytwyrðe on his wordum . . . Sió ungemetgode suíge (swigge, Cott. MSS.) ðæs láreówes on gedwolan gebringþ ða ðe hé læ-acute;ran meahte, Past. 15; Swt. 89, 3-10. Essaias cwæð, ðætte sió suýge (swigge, Cott. MSS.) wæ-acute;re ðære ryhtwísnesse fultum, 38; Swt. 279, 24. Sý heálíc swíge æt ðæm gereorde, ðæt nánes mannes stefn gehýred ne sý bútan ðæs ræ-acute;deres ánes, R. Ben. 62, 13. Ðá wearð stilnes and swíge geworden innon ðare healle, Ap. Th. 17, 6. Mé náwðer deág secge ne swíge, Exon. Th. 12, 23; Cri. 190. Náht framaþ, gif on eardungstówe swígea sý, Scint. 82, 1: 213, 14. Be swígan . . . Hé forswígan mægene clypunge geswác . . . Leornerum for swígean hefignesse seldhwænne leáf geseald sié tó sprecenne ymbe hálige spræ-acute;ca, R. Ben. 21, 8-17. Hí clumiaþ mid ceaflum, ðæ-acute;r hí sceoldan clypian; wá heom ðære swígean, L. I. P. 5; Th. ii. 308, 21: Wulfst. 177, 1. Óðer ondréd ðæt hé forlure sprecende ða gestrión ðe hé on ðære swígean (swiggean, Cott. MSS.) geðencan meahte; óðer ondréd ðæt hé ongeáte on his swýgean (swiggean, Cott. MSS.) ðæt hé sumne hearm geswigode, Past. 7; Swt. 49, 19-22. Mid suígean, 35; Swt. 237, 12. Mid swígan forberan to bear in silence, Homl. Th. ii. 164, 20. Heó swigan lufode, 546, 28. Wé cweðaþ ðæt sí best æfter Gode, ðæt man gemetigian cunne ge his spréce ge his swígan, Prov. Kmbl. 2. II. silence, quiet, absence of noise; also a time of silence. v. swíg-tíma:--Ne árfæstness ne sib ne hopa ne swíge gegladaþ nec pax nec pietas immo spes nulla quietis, Dóm. L. 220. In swígean midre nihte intempestive, Wrt. Voc. ii. 46, 74. Swígan conticinio (cf. conticinium, ðonne ealle þing sweowiaþ on hyra reste, Lchdm. iii. 244, 2), 20, 30. III. silence from astonishment, amazement; stupor. v. fæ-acute;r-swíge, swígan, II, swígung, III. IV. delay (?). v. swígung, IV:--Suígo dyde ðe brýdgum moram faciente sponso, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 25, 5. [Or is this a different word? cf. (?) Icel. svig a curve, circuit; sveigja to bend, sway.] [O. H. Ger. swíga taciturnitas, silentium.]
swíge; adj. I. silent, not speaking :-- On óðre wísan mon sceal manigean ða swíðe swígean, on óðre wísan ða felaídelsprǽcean, Past. 23; Swt. 174, 24. Ða ðe tó swíðe swíge (swigge, Cott. MSS.) beóþ . . . ða suíðe suígean (swiggean, Cott. MSS.) taciturni. . . nimis taciti, 38; Swt. 271, 6-10. Ðá wæs swígra secg (Hunferth) on gylpsprǽce (cf. Ðú worn fela, wine mín Húnferð, beóre druncen ymb Brecan sprǽce, 1064; B. 530), Beo. Th. 1964; B. 980. II. silent, not making a noise, still :-- Wind wédende færeþ, and eft semninga swíge gewyrðeþ, Elen. Kmbl. 2548; El. 1275. Stille þynceþ lyft ofer londe, and lagu swíge, Exon. Th. 383, 16; Rä. 4, 11. Nis mín sele swíge, ne ic sylfa hlúd, 494, 1; Rä. 82, 1. v. swíþ-swíge.
swígen[n], e; f. Silence, refraining from speech :-- Ðam láreówe sylfum deraþ hwílon his swígen, ac heó deraþ symle his underðeóddum, gif him biþ seó heofenlíce lár oftogen, Homl. Th. ii. 532, 4.
swigene? :--Ðæs mannes bileofa is tó besceáwianne: ǽrest him is tó sellanne ðæt ðone innoð stille and sméþe, ne sié scearp ne tó afor ne slítende ne swigene, Lchdm. ii. 210, 21.
swigian, sweogian, sweowian, swugian, swuwian, sugian, suwian; p. ode. I. to be silent, (a) of that which has voice:--Ic suwige (swugige, swuwie) taceo, Ælfc. Gr. 26, 2; Zup. 26, 13. Swigaþ silet (vipera), Rtl. 125, 27. God ne swugaþ (swigaþ, Surt.) Deus non silebit, Ps. Th. 49, 3. Ðonne swíaþ (silet) hé (the phenix), Exon. Th. 207, 16; Ph. 142. Swigiaþ conticiscent, Wrt. Voc. ii. 14, 53. Ða ðe má swigiaþ (swugiaþ, Hatt. MS.) ðonne hié ðyrfen, Past. 38; Swt. 272, 24. Ða ðe swigiaþ (swugiaþ, l. 3), ðæt hié hié ne bodiaþ, 48; Swt. 365, 7. Conticinium, ðonne ealle þing sweowiaþ (suwiaþ, MSS. R. P.) on hyra reste, Lchdm. iii. 244, 2. Ic swigode (swygode. Spl.: sugode, Th.) tacui, Ps. Surt. 31, 3: Exon. Th. 485, 16: Rä. 71, 14. Ic swugode, swá swá se dumba, Ps. Th. 37, 13: 49, 22. Ðeáh ðe seó tunge swigode, ðæt his líf wæs sprecende, Bd. 5, 12; S. 627, 30: Ap. Th. 16, 19: Cd. Th. 250, 15; Dan. 547. Hé suwode (swygode, MS. A.: swugode, MSS. B. C.: swigade, Rush.) tacebat, Mk. Skt. 14, 61: Mt. Kmbl. 26, 63. Ðá swigoden hí ealle and stille wǽron conticuere omnes, Bd. 3, 11; S. 536, 31. Hí suwodon (swigedon MS. A.: swigadun, Rush.), Mk. Skt. 3, 4. Ne swiga (swuga, Th.: suwa, Lamb.) ðú ne sileas, Ps. Spl. Surt. 38, 17. Ne swiga (swyga, Spl.) ðú ne taceas, Ps. Th. Surt. 82, 1. Ne swiga (swyga, Spl.: swuga, Th.). . . ne suga ne sileas . . . ne taceas, Ps. Lamb. 27, 1. Ne swuga, Ps. Spl. 34, 25. Ðe læs ðú suwige ne taceas, 27, 1. Ic swigiende ealle ða niht áwunode, Bd. 5, 6; S. 619, 29. Ðú byst suwiende (swygende, MS. A.: suwigende, MSS. B. C.), Lk. Skt. 1, 20. (b) of that which has not voice, not to make a noise :-- Hrægl mín swigaþ, Exon. Th. 389, 21; Rä. 8, 1. Ða ýða swygiaþ (swigadon, Surt.: swigedon, Spl.) siluerunt fluctus ejus, Ps. Th. 106, 28. II. to be silent from astonishment, be amazed :-- Swigadun ɫ stylton ofer lǽre his stupebant super doctrina ejus, Mk. Skt. Rush. 1, 22. III. with an object (gen. or acc.) to be silent about something, to refrain from the mention of something:--Gif ðú suwast hit and nylt folce his þearfe gecýðan, Wulfst. 283, 3. Hié nyllaþ geopenian ðǽm syngiendum hiera unryht ac suigiaþ (swigiaþ, Cott. MSS.) ðara ðreáunga iniquitatem peccantium nequaquam aperiunt, quia ab increpationis voce conticescunt, Past. 15; Swt. 91, 11. Lyt swigode níwra spella se ðe næs gerád, Beo. Th. 5787; B. 2897. Hé ne suigige ðæs ðe nyttwyrðe sié tó sprecanne, ne ðæt ne sprece ðæt hé suigigean (swigian, Cott. MSS.) scyle ne aut tacenda proferat, aut proferenda reticescat, Past. 15; Swt. 89, 6-7. Hié mon sceal lǽran ðæt hí hwílum suigien (swugien, Cott. MSS.) ðæs sóðes admonendi sunt, ut noverint nonnunquam vera reticere, 35; Swt. 237, 9. [O. Sax. swigón: O. Frs. swigia.] v. for-, ge-swigian; swígan.
swigiendlíce; adv. Silently, in silence :-- Sæt ic ána in ðam wéstenne. . . Ðá ongann ic swigiendlíce þencan be manegra munuca lífe, Homl. Ass. 204, 311.
swígness, e; f. Silence; a time of silence :-- Cwyldtíd, swígnes conticinium, Wrt. Voc. ii. 135, 14. v. swíge, II, and next word.
swíg-tíma, an; m. A time of silence :-- Seó niht hafaþ seofon tódǽlednyssa . . . þridde ys conticinium, ðæt ys swítíma, Anglia viii. 319, 29. v. swíge, II, and the preceding and following words.
swígung, e; f. I. silence, absence of speech :-- Hé (John the Baptist) ðam fæder (Zacharias) ða stefne ágeaf, ðá se heáhengel mid ðære swígunge fæstnunga geband ðone fæder, Blickl. Homl. 167, 11. Hwanne besmát hine seó scyld ðære fealasprecolnesse? . . . oþþe hú sceþede him seó synn ðære swígunga? 169, 7. Mið suígunga cum silentio, Rtl. 20, 15. Swígunge, Shrn. 41, 26. II. silence, absence of noise :-- Martha ceigde Mariam suiugunga (swíunga, Rush.) and cwoeð Martha vocavit Mariam silentio, dicens, Jn. Skt. Lind. 11, 28. II a. a time of silence. v. swíge, II, and two preceding words:--Ðære swígunge conticinio, Wrt. Voc. ii. 24, 31: 20, 29. In swígunge in conticinio, 47, 46. III. silence from astonishment, amazement. v. swígan, II, swíge, III:--Forstylton swígunge micelre obstupuerunt stupore maximo, Mk. Skt. Rush. 5, 42. IV. delay, v. swíge, IV:--Suígiunc dóes hláferd mín moram facit dominus meus, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 24, 48. [O. H. Ger. swígunga silentium.] v. ge-swígung.
swilc, swelc; pron. (the word can take the weak declension). I. where the word points to what has been already described, such, (1) used substantively, that which has been already described, the like, the same :-- Ne biþ swylc (the practice already described) cwénlíc þeáw, Beo. Th. 3885; B. 1940. Ne biþ swylc earges síð, 5076; B. 2541. Ne sceolde ðé nán man swelces tó geléfan no one would believe such a thing of you, Bt. 5, 1; Fox 10, 2: 19; Fox 68, 32. Hé ǽfre swylces geswíce, L. Ath. i. 6; Th. i. 202, 17. Heó áwiht swylces ne hýrdon, Elen. Kmbl. 1139; El. 571. Gif wífmen hwæt swylces derige, Lchdm. i. 236, 3: Beo. Th. 1764; B. 880. Hærincgas and leaxas . . . and fela swylces (et similia), Coll. Monast. Th. 24, 13. Hæleða fela swelces and swelces wundraþ, Met. 28, 49. Be swilcum and swilcum ðú miht ongitan, Bt. 38, 1; Fox 196, 11: Met. 26, 107. Wundorsióna fela secga gehwylcum ðara ðe on swylc staraþ, Beo. Th. 1997; B. 996: 5589; B. 2798: Met. 30, 18. Gif hím (a lunatic) gelimpe ðæt hé man ofsleá . . . his mágas hine wið óðær swylc gescyldan propinqui ejus eum contra simile quid servent, L. Ecg. P. addit. 29; Th. ii. 236, 31. Swylcra síþfæt (the journey of those just mentioned), Exon. Th. 400, 12; Rä. 20, 9. Hú hé swylce ácwealde, Ps. Th. 108, 16. Oft ða swelcan (swylcan, Cott. MSS.) monn sceal forsión, Past. 37, 2; Swt. 265, 17. (2) used adjectivally, like that already described, (a) agreeing with a noun:--Hine swelces gamenes gilpan lyste, Met. 9, 19. Swylces morðres, 32. Hig worhton óðer swilc þing fecerunt quaedam similiter, Ex. 7, 11. Hé ǽr ne síð óðre swylce láre gehýrde, Exon. Th. 169, 10; Gú. 1092: Blick. Homl. 189, 22. Geþyld and ryhtwísnes and wísdóm and manege swelce cræftas, Bt. 34, 6; Fox 142, 1. Se is tó lytel swelcra láriówa, Met. 10, 55. Manegum swylcum (talibus) bigspellum hé spræc tó him, Mk. Skt. 4, 33. Manna sáulum hé gyfþ swilca gyfa. Ða swilcan gifa hí ne þurfon forlǽtan, Shrn. 192, 3. (b) predicatively:--Hió nǽfre siþþan swelc wæs it (Rome) was never the same afterwards, Ors. 6, 1: Swt. 252, 24. Gif hé suelc (swelc, Cott. MSS.) wǽre, Past. 16; Swt. 101, 10. Swelc wæs þeáw hira, Andr. Kmbl. 50; An. 25. Swylc, Beo. Th. 359; B. 178. Ðæt úre tída ne mihtan weorðan swilce, Bt. 15; Fox 48, 18. Swelce, Met. 8, 42. II. as an antecedent:--Swælc monn se ðe tó mínum ærfe fóe gedéle hé ǽlcum messepreóste binnan Cent mancus goldes, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. i. 351, 4. Ðá com leóht swilc swá hí ǽr ne gesáwon, Homl. Skt. ii. 29, 263. Eal swylce seó mettrumnes biþ ðæs seócan mannes . . . swylc is ðæt líf ðysses middangeardes, Blickl. Homl. 59, 31. Wǽre se man on swelcum lande swelce hé wǽre, Bt. 27, 3; Fox 98, 27. Ðæt hé ðone hláf on swilcere stówe áwurpe, ðǽr hine nán man findan ne mihte, Homl. Th. ii. 162, 25. Wé swylc ne gefrugnan gelimpan, ðæt ðú befénge, Exon. Th. 6, 3; Cri. 78. Ymb swelc tó sprecanne hwelc hit ðá wæs, Ors. 10; Swt. 48, 4. Swelce burg gewyrcan swelce sió wæs, 2, 4; Swt. 74, 8. Gif ic hæfde swilcne anweald, swylce God hæfþ, Bt. 38, 2; Fox 196, 19. Se wolde habban swilcne hlísan swá Benedictus, Homl. Th. ii. 162, 18: Soul Kmbl. 278; Seel. 143. Hí ne þurhwuniaþ swelca, swelce hí ǽr tó cóman, Bt. 11, 1; Fox 30, 28. Swylcra yrmða swá ðú unc scrife, Soul Kmbl. 201; Seel. 102. Búton hé hæbbe swylce þéningmen ðe þeáwfæstnysse him gebeódon, Homl. Skt. i. pref., 62. III. in correlative clauses, swilc . . . swilc such . . . as :-- Swylc biþ wedera cyst, swylc wæs on ðam fýre, Cd. Th. 238, 6; Dan. 350. Swylc scolde eorl wesan, swylc Æschere wæs, Beo. Th. 2661; B. 1328. Mid swelce hrægle hé in eode, mid swelce gange hé út, L. Alf. 11; Th. i. 46, 3. Swylce mǽla swylce hira mandryhtne þearf gesǽlde, Beo. Th. 2502; B. 1249. Eahtige hé hine selfne suelcne suelcne hé ondrǽtt ðæt hé sié, Past. 17; Swt. 119, 8. Séce swylcne hláford, swylcne hé wille, L. Ath. iv. 1; Th. i. 220, 24. Beóþ swylce (suælce, Lind.) gedréfednessa swylce (suelco, Lind.) ne gewurdon (tales quales non fuerunt), Mk. Skt. 13, 19: Beo. Th. 6309; B. 3165. IV. containing boen antecedent and relative, such as :-- Ðonne ic wæs mid ludéum, ic wæs swelc hié, Past. 16; Swt. 101, 6. Gestreón swilc ðǽr funden wæs, Cd. Th. 220, 5; Dan. 66. Ná hýrde wé ðæt ǽnig wurde hús árǽred swylic ðæt mǽre wæs, Anglia xi. 9, 30. Gódfremmendra swylcum gifeðe biþ to such as it shall be granted, Beo. Th. 604; B. 299: Met. 26, 87. Swilce wé ðé daga cígen on such day as we call to thee, Ps. Ben. 19, 9. Eahtige hé hiene selfne swelcne hé ondrǽt ðæt hé sié, Past. 17; Swt. 118, 8. Hæfde his ende gebidenne swylcne hé ǽr æfter worhte, Judth. Thw. 22, 17; Jud. 65. Eall gedǽlan swylc him God sealde, Beo. Th. 145; B. 72. Ealle swylce hí habban scoldon, 3599; B. 1797. Cyningas swylce iú wǽron, Exon. Th. 310, 32; Seef. 83. Beaduþreáta mǽst swylce cyning ymbsittendra meahte ábannan tó beadwe, Elen. Kmbl. 64; El. 32. V. in expressions relating to quantity or number, so (as) much, so (as) many :-- Hwítes sealtes swilc swá mǽge mid feówer fingrum geniman as much white salt as may be taken with four fingers, Lchdm. ii. 130, 2. Swelc swá biþ þreó beána, 228, 5. Selle him twá swylc swylce man æt him nime, i. 400, 18. Mealwan seáwes þrý lytle bollan gemengde wiþ swilc tú wæteres (twice as much water), 214, 15. Genim wínes and eles swilc healf take some wine and of oil half as much, 180, 11. Medmicel pipores and óþer swilc cymenes a moderate amount of pepper and an equal quantity of cummin, 256, 5: 134, 26. Feówertig daga nihta óðer swilc forty days and as many nights, Cd. Th. 83, 21; Gen. 1383: Beo. Th. 3170; B. 1583: Menol. Fox 279; Men. 141. [Laym. swilc, swulc, swulch; soch, 2nd MS.: Orm. swillc: A. R. Marh. O. and N. swuch: R. Glouc. such: Goth. swa-leiks: O. Sax. su-lík: O. Frs. se-lík, selk, sulk, sulch, suck: O. H. Ger. so-líh, su-líh, solh: Icel. slíkr.]
swilce, swelce; adv. conj. I. in like manner, also, as well, too :-- Se com swylce tó-dæg tó mé ad me quoque hodie venire dignatus est, Bd. 4, 3; S. 568, 17. Swylce hé brohte mycel feoh attulit autem et summam pecuniae non parvam, 4, 11; S. 599, 20. Hé wæs sóþ man, ðý hine dorste deófol costian; swylce hé wæs sóþ God, ðý him englas þegnedon, Blickl. Homl. 33, 34. Swilce gelamp eft óðer wundor ðysum onlíc, 221, 18. Swilce óþre dæge ðæt ilce hié dydon, 241, 30: Cd. Th. 81, 2; Gen. 1339: 247, 24; Dan. 502. Swilce is seó feorðe there is also the fourth, 15, 14; Gen. 233. Wǽglíðende swilce wíf heora the seafarers, their wives too, 86, 18; Gen. 1432. Swylce, Beo. Th. 226; B. 113. End suelce (suilcae, suilce) atqueve, Txts. 37, 75. Ic God herige and on God swylce gelýfe, Ps. Th. 55, 4. Ge swylce, Beo. Th. 4508; B. 2258. Hié hæfdon manige glengas; eác swylce hié hæfdon wíf, Blickl. Homl. 99, 20. On ðære hálgan Ðrynnesse naman beó ðú hál, mid mínes láreówes geearnungum eác swylce gefultumod, Homl. Skt. i. 6, 40. Ná ðæt ǽnne ac eác swilce manige non solum unum, sed etiam plures, Coll. Monast. Th. 26, 19. Næs nó on gesundum þingum ánum, ac eác swylce on wiðerweardum þingum, Blickl. Homl. 13, 8. Eác ic swylce on God gewéne, Ps. Th. 55, 4. Engla cynn and manna cynn and eác swylce werigra gásta, Blickl. Homl. 83, 12. Swylce eác feówer tída syndan, 35, 15. Hé helpeþ þearfan swylce eác wædlan parcet pauperi et inopi, Ps. Th. 71, 13: Blickl. Homl. 75, 19: Judth. Thw. 21, 14; Jud. 18: 26, 20; Jud. 344. Swylce hé ús álésde, Blickl. Homl. 103, 13. Fífe cyningas, swilce seofene eác eorlas, Chr. 937; Erl. 112, 30. And ic ðé on hleóðre hearpan swylce eác gecwéme, Ps. Th. 107, 2. II. so, in such manner, in a manner already described :-- Ðín mildheortnes is mycel wið heofenas, is ðín sóðfæstnes swylce wið wolcnum, Ps. Th. 56, 12. Lifge Ismael lárum swilce ðínum, Cd. Th. 141, 18; Gen. 2346. Ne wé swylc ne gefrugnan ǽfre gelimpan, ðæt ðú in sundurgiefe swylce (in such manner) befénge, Exon. Th. 6, 7; Cri. 80. III. as, like :-- Ðonne ic wæs mid ludéum ic wæs swelce hié, Past. 16; Swt. 100, 7. Ne beó gé swylce líceteras non eritis sicut hypocritae, Mt. Kmbl. 6, 5. Genóh byþ ðam leorningcnihte ðæt hé sý swylce (sicut) hys láreów, and þeów swylce hys hláfurd, 10, 25. Se áwyrgda gást is heáfod ealra unrihtwísra dǽda, swylce unrihtwíse syndon deófles leomo, Blickl. Homl. 33, 8. Hyre twigu beóþ swylce swínen byrst, Lchdm. i. 156, 2. Wearð gesewen swilce ánes mannes hand wrítende on ðære healle wáge, Homl. Th. ii. 434, 33. Steam up árás swylce réc, Elen. Kmbl. 1604; El. 804: Andr. Kmbl. 178; An. 89. Hwylc biþ hé (the body after death) ðonne búton swylce stán, Blickl. Homl. 21, 26: Homl. Th. i. 406, 14. Mé geweorðode wuldres ealdor swylce swá hé his módor eác geweorðode, Rood Kmbl. 181; Kr. 92. See also passages under swilc, II. IV. as if :-- Se wearð wið hine forwréged swylce (suoelce, Lind.) hé his gód forspilde quasi dissipasset bona ipsius, Lk. Skt. 16, 1. Swelce hié cwǽden as if they had said, Past. pref.; Swt. 5, 13. Men gehýraþ myccle stefne on heofenum, swylce ðǽr man fyrde trymme and samnige, Blickl. Homl. 91, 31: Ps. Th. 101, 3. Ðæs temples segl sylf slát on tú, swylce hit seaxes ecg þurhwóde, Exon. Th. 70, 20; Cri. 1141. Hié on swíman lágon, swylce hié wǽron deáðe geslegene, Judth. Thw. 21, 23; Jud. 31. V. with words denoting measure, about :-- Maria wunude mid hyre swylce (suælce, Lind.: swelce, Rush.) þrý mónþas quasi mensibus tribus, Lk. Skt. 1, 56. Se Hǽlend wæs on ylde swylce þrítigwintre quasi annorum triginta, 3, 23. Betuh ðæm clife on (ond?) ðæm wætre wǽron swylce twelf míla, Blickl. Homl. 211, 3. [Sulch (ase, 2nd MS.) hit an liun were, Laym. 4085. Sulc (alse, 2nd MS.) he walde awede, 6486.]
swilcness, e; f. Quality :-- Sý gebróðrum reáf geseald be swilcnesse and staþele ðære stówe ðe hý on wuniaþ secundum locorum qualitatem ubi habitant, R. Ben. 89, 4. Ðysne wyrttruman syllan þicgean mid sumum óðrum mete gemencgedne be ðære swylcnysse ðe seó untrumnys ðonne byþ, Lchdm. i. 260, 20.
swilian and swillan to swill. I. to wash :-- Ic þweá oððe ic swilige mín bed mid mínum teárum lavabo lectum meum lacrimis meis, Ps. Lamb. 6, 7. II. to swill the mouth or throat, to gargle :-- Iagul swyleþ gargarizat, Wrt. Voc. ii. 40, 54. Seóh þurh cláð and swile mid ðæt geagl; after ðam lǽcedóme gelóme mid ele swille ða hracan, Lchdm. ii. 24, 25-27. Swille ðone geagal . . . . swille ða ceolan, 48, 19, 21, Gagul suille gargarizet. Wrt. Voc. ii. 109, 46. Sceal mon ðone geagl swillan, Lchdm. ii. 48, 15. Ðæt geagl tó swillanne, 24, 12, 28. [Kan ich dishes swillen, Havel. 919-] v. (?) á-spýlian (-swylian ?), be-swylian = to wash(not to soil), and see next word.
swiling and swilling, e; f. A swilling, washing, gargling, gargle :-- Clǽsnunga and swilling wið hrúm and gillistrum, Lchdm. ii. 2, 3. Wyrc ðus swilinge tó heáfdes clǽnsunge . . . habbe on múþe lange, ðonne yrnþ ðæt gillister út. Eft óþru swiling . . . súpe wlæc and ðæt geagl swile and þweá his múð, 24, 14-23. Swille ða ceolan . . . sýn ða swillinga hwílum háte, 48, 22. v. preceding word.
swillan, swilling, swilt. v. swilian, swiling, swylt.
swíma, an; m. I. swimming in the head, dizziness, giddiness, vertigo :-- Hí áscamode swiciaþ on swíman ashamed they wander dizzily, Exon. Th. 79, 33; Cri. 1300. Wið ðone swíman, nim . . . and cnuca . . . wyrta . . . ofgeót mid wætere . . . nim ðone wǽtan and lafa ðen heáfod, Lchdm, iii. 48, 3., II. a state of unconsciousness, a swoon :-- Licgan on swíman to lie unconscious, Judth Thw. 21, 22; Jud. 30 - 23, 5; Jud. 106. [For to wacken him (Lazarus in the grave) of his suime (swyme), C. M. 14201. Halliwell gives three instances of the word, in the following phrases, to fall in swyme, to lie in swyme, to come as in swyme. (In these four passages swyme rimes with tyme. ) He also gives swimy = giddy in the head, as a Sussex word (v. also E. D. S. Pub. C. 4, where swimy or swimy-headed=- giddy, is given as a Surrey word); and swimer a hard blow as used in Devonshire. O. Frs. swirna giddiness, swoon : Du. zwijm swoon: Icel. svimi; liggja í svima to lie in a swoon, slá i svima to stun: Dan. svime a swoon; svime-slag a stunning blow. ] v. heáfod-swíma.
swimman; p. swamm, pl. swummon; pp. swummen To swim :-- Swimþ, swam nat. swimmende nantes, Wrt. Voc. ii. 61, II, 13. Swam nat, 95, 80. I. of living creatures moving in or on water :-- Swá swá fixas swimmaþ on wætere, Lchdm. iii. 272, 19 : Exon. Th. 363, 21; Wal. 57. Ic on flode swom deaf under ýþe, 487, 17; Rä 73, 4. Hié swumman ofer tó ðæm églande. Ðá hié ðá hæfdon feórðan dǽl ðære eá geswummen. Nar. 10, 29. Com tó lande lidmanna helm swymman, Beo. Th. 3252; B. 1624. Swimman hine geseón hearm getácnaþ. Lchdm. iii. 212, 18. Ðá geseah hé swymman scealfran on node. Homl. Th. ii. 516, 6. Teón ða wæteru forð swimmende cynn, Gen. 1, 20. II. of a vessel moving on water :-- Secga geseldan swimmaþ on weg, Exon. Th. 289, 25; Wand. 53. Hine (a vehicle) oxa ne teáh, ne [hé] on flóde swom, 404, 28; Rä. 23, 14. Se swymmenda arc (Noah's ark). Homl. Th. ii. 60, 2. III. of lying on the surface of water :-- Nim ompran neoþowearde ða ðe swimme. Lchdm. ii. 52, 19 : 76, 5. Genim doccan ða ðe swimman wille, 88, 13. [O. H. Ger. swimman: Icel. svimma.] v. æt-, ge-, ofer-, óþ-swimman; -swemman.
swimmend-líc ; adj. Able to swim :-- Swymmendlíc natatilis, Ælfc. Gr. 9, 28; Zup. 55, 3.
swín, es; n, I. a swine. [As may be seen from the charters and the laws, swine were an important item in the livestock of the English. They were owned in large numbers (contract the number held by the Norwegian Ohthere, v. infra), as appears from the passages given below, in which gifts of swine are recorded; references to their pasturage often occur, v. mæst, mæstan, mæsten; to the herd who had charge of them is assigned the second place in the list of those whose employments are defined in the Rectitudines Singularum Personarum, v. Th. i. 436; while the frequent occurrence of the word swín in local names, v. Cod. Dip. Kmbl. vi. . 339, may be taken as further evidence. The value of swine, as compared with other domestic animals, is determined by the passages (v. infra) in the laws where the various animals are mentioned together.]:-- Swín porcus vel sus. Wrt. Voc. i. 78, 36. Swín sus, 286, 43. Suove-taurili æt ðǽrn geldum ðǽr wǽs swín and sceáp and fear, ii. 31, 33: 86, 33. Mára ic eom. and fǽttra ðonne ámæsted swin, Exon. Th. 428, 9; Rä. 41, 105. Binnan cirictúne ǽnig hund ne cume, ne swín ðe má, L. Edg. C. 26; Th. ii. 250, 8. Emban úrne ceápgild: hors tó healfan pund . . . And oxan tó mancuse, and cú tó .xx., and swýn tó . x. (pence), and sceáp tó scɫ ɫ., L. Ath. v. 6, 2; Th. 5. 234, 1. Be ǽlces nýtenes weorðe gif hí losiaþ. Hors mon sceal gyldan mid .xxx. sciɫɫ., myran mid, xx. sciɫɫ., oxan mid .xxx. p̃, cú mid .xxiiii. p̃., swýn mid . viii. p̃., man mid punde, sceáp mid sciɫɫ., gát mid . ii. p̃., L. O. D. 7; Th. i. 356, 5. Swínes smere arvina vel adeps, Wrt. Voc. i. 44, 20. Ðǽr wæs án swýna heord (suner berga, Lind. : suner swina, Rush. grex porcorum) . . . Ða deófla hyne bǽdon . . . ' Asende us on ðás swína heorde' . . . And hig férdon on ða swín, Mt. Kmbl. 8, 30-32. Hé (Ohthere) hæfde tamra deóra syx hund . . Hé wæs mid ðǽm fyrstum mannum on ðæm lande (Norway); næfde hé þeáh má ðonne twentig swýna. Ors. 1. 1; Swt. 18, 14. Ða ýtemestan leomo swína beóþ eáðmelte, Lchdm. ii. 196, 23. Mon selle tó Folcanstáne . x. oxan and . x. cý and . c. swína, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. i. 310, 27. Ic sello ðás lond . . . and twá þúsendu swína ic sello mid ðém londum ii. 120, 15. Ic sello Berhtsige án híde bóclondes and ðǽrtó, c. swína, and geselle hió . c. swína tó Cristes cirican for mé and for míne sáwle and . c. tó Ceortesége, 121, 3-6. Ðá bet ic goniman swína micelne wrǽd (sues) . . . forðon ic wiste ðæt swín wǽron ðæm elpendum láðe. Nar. 21, 23-26. Gif mon on his mæstene unáliéfed swín geméte . . . Gif mon nime æfesne on swýnum; æt þrýfingrum (three fingers thick in fat), ðæt þridde; æt twýfingrum, ðæt feórðe; æt þymelum, ðæt fífte, L. In. 49; Th. i. 132, 12-19. Gafolswán sylle ǽlce geáre . xv. swýn tó sticunge, L. R. S. 6; Th. i. 436, 13. II. the image of a boar as the crest of a helmet. Cf. swín-líca, eofor-cumbol, -líc :-- Swín ofer helme, Beo. Th. 2577; B. 1286. Æt ðæm áde wæs éþgesýne swátfáh syrce, swýn eal-gylden, eofer írenheard, 2227; B. 1111 [Goth. swein: O. Sax. O. Frs. O. H. Ger. swín : Icel. svín.] v. gærs-, mere-, sliht-swín.
swinc, es; n. Swink (this form is used in the 16th century, v. Nares Glossary), labour, trouble, affliction :-- Erian se ðe hine gesihþ swincu mǽste him ongeán cumaþ he that in a dream sees himself ploughing, very great troubles are coming upon him, Lchdm. iii. 198, 28. Suinca verberum, Rtl. 40, 29. v. ge-swinc, swine-full, -leas.
swincan; p. swanc, pl. swuncon; pp. swuncen. I. to toil, labour, work with effort :-- Hwæt dést ðú on ðís folce ? hwí swingst ðú ána ? Ex. 18, 14. Hé nǽre ná ælmihtig, gyf him ǽnig gefadung earfoðe wǽre. His nama is omnipotens, ðæt ys, ælmihtig, for ðan ðe hé mæg eall ðæt hé wile, and his miht náhwár ne swincþ his power nowhere works with effort, Lchdm. iii. 278, 17. Unnytlíce wé swincaþ, ðonne wé ús gebid-daþ, gif. . . . Bt. 41, 2; Fox 246, 21. Cumaþ tó mé ealle ðe swincaþ (wyrcas ɫ winnes, Lind. : winnaþ, Rush. laboraits). Mt. Kmbl. 11, 28: Met. 4, 56. Búton Drihten timbriende hús on ýdel swingaþ (laboraverunt) ða ðe timbriaþ, Ps. Spl. 126, 1. Git (Beowulf and Breca in their match) seofon niht swuncon, Beo. Th. 1038; B. 517. Óðre swuncon (laboraverunt), and gé eodun on hyra geswinc. Jn. Skt. 4, 38. Swince laboret, Wülck. Gl. 250, 31. Swunce máre se ðe unriht gestreón on his handa stóde and læsse se ðe áriht on sprǽce he in whose hand was unjust gain should take the greater trouble, he who made claim rightfully the less, L. Eth. ii. 9; Th. i. 290, 4. I a. with prep. marking the end of the labour, to labour at, after, etc., anything :-- Ne swincþ hé náuht æfter ðam hú hé foremǽrost seó; ne nán mon ne begit ðæt hé æfter ne swincþ, Bt. 33, 2; Fox 122, 33-35. Hé swanc for heofonan rice mid singalum gebede, Homl. Skt. ii. 26, 111. Ðe læs ðe unmihtig man feorr for his ágenon swince, L. Ff.; Th. i. 226, 1. Ic wundrige hwí swá manige wíse men swá swíþe swuncen mid ðære sprǽce, Bt. 41, 4; Fox 250, 20. Ðú swíþor swincst on ðam sporé, ðonne hí dón, 38, 5; Fox 206, 13. Suá hwá suá suinceþ (swinceþ, Cott. MSS. ) on ðæn ðæt hé leornige unþeáwas, Past. 36; Swt. 251, 4. Æfter ðam unrihte ðe hí an swincaþ, Ps. Th. 27, 5. Hé geseah hí on réwette swincende. Mk. Skt. 6, 48. Hí swincaþ wið synnum. Exon. Th. 150, 21; Gú. 782. Ða ðe meahton Godes friénd beón bútan gesuince hié snuncon (swuncon, Cote. MSS. ) ymb ðæt hú hié meahton gesyngian qui amici veritatis sine labore poterant, ut peccent laborant. Past. 35; Swt. 239, 21. Ða race sóhton and ymb swuncon, Bt. 39, 4; Fox 216, 16. Hwý gé ymb ðæt unnet swincen, Met. 10, 21. Ne þearfe ic swíþe ymbe ðæt swincan, Bt- 35, 3; Fox 158, 8, II. to be troubled, travail, be in difficulty or distress :-- Ic swince on mínre gránunge laboravi in gemitu meo, Ps. Th. 6, 5. On hú grimmum seáðe swinceþ ðæt sweorcende mód, Met. 3, 2. Ic swanc (laboravi) on minre geómrunge. Ps. Lamb, 6, 7. Ð ám wífum ðe æfter beorþre on sumum stówum swincen, Lchdm. i. 344, 2. [Cf. Ðonne se ufera dǽl ðæs líchoman on ǽnigum sáre oððe on earfeþum geswince, 332, 9.] II a. of inanimate things :-- Gif se midwinter byþ on Seternesdeag, ðonne byþ windig lengten and westmas swincaþ and scép cwellaþ the fruits of the earth will not thrive, and sheep will die, Lchdm. iii. 164, 11. [The verb is common in Middle English and is used as late as Spenser's time.] v. be-swincan (for ge-swincan, see under II above); swencan.
swinc-full; adj. Full of trouble or distress, disastrous :-- Ðæs ilean geáres wæs swíðe hefelíc geár and swíðe swincfull and sorhfull geár binnan Englelande on orfcwealme, and corn and wæstmas wǽron ætstandene. Chr. 1085; Erl. 219, 19. [þeos world is swincful, O. E. Homl. i. 7, 20. Jho (the Virgin Mary) wass swinncfull (hard-working) inn alle gode dedes, Orm. 2621.] v. geswinc-full, geswincfulnys.
swinc-leás; adj. Without labour or toil :-- On ð æm écan lífe wé bútan geswince God heriaþ. Wé sceolon on andwerdum lífe hine herian, ðæt wé móton becuman tó ðære swincleásan herunge, Homl. Th. ii. 364, 9.
swinc-líc; adj. Laborious, toilsome [:-- Ðæt gé healdan ðone Sunnan-dæg fram ǽlcum geswinclícum worce, Wulfst. 294, 18.]
swincness. v. geswincness, Guthl. 12; Gdwin. 28, 23.
swind, Wrt. Voc. i. 44, 20. v. spind.
swindan; p. swand, pl. swundon; pp. swunden To waste away, languish, grow languid, be consumed :-- Se synfulla swindeþ peccator tabescet, Ps. Spl. 111, 9. Sáwel heora on yfelum swand anima eorum in mails tabescebat, 106, 26. Ealle oþþe hefige slǽpe swundon oþþe tó synne wacedon omnes aut somno torpent inerti, aut ad peccata vigilant, Bd. 4, 25; S 601, 11. (v. ǽ-swind. ) Swindan (tabescere) ðú dydesð sáwle his, Ps. Spl. 38, 15 : 118, 139. on ðam frumwylme heora gecyrrednesse hý Hí sylfe fulfremede taliaþ, ac hý swíþe recene áwlaciaþ and swindende ácóliaþ, R. Ben. 135, 6. [Nede in swot and in swynk swynde mot the pore. Nede he mot swynde . ., that nath nout en hod his hed for te hude, P. S. 150, 2 - 4. O. H. Ger. swintan tabescere, tabefieri, deficere, conticescere : Ger. schwinden to dwindle, decay, die away. ] v. á-swindan.
swínen; adj. Of swine :-- Suínin suellium. Wrt. Voc. ii. 121, 72. Mid swinenurn gore, Lchdm. i. 100, 11. Genim swínen (swýnes, MS. H. ) smero, 114, 24. Ðæt hí eton swýnen flǽsc (ða swínnan, Ps. Surt. por-cina), Ps. Th. 16, 14: Shrn. 111, 7. Hyre twigu beóþ swylce swínen byrst. Lchdm. i. 156, 2. [O. H. Ger. swínín porcinus, suillus.]
swingan; p. swang, pl. swungon; pp. swungen. I. to swinge, flog, beat, scourge, (a) literal :-- Ðás cild ic swinge hos pueros flagello, Ælfc. Gr. 7, Zup. 23, 21. Ic swinge verbero, ic eom beswungen verberor, 5; Zup. 9, 4. Gif hwylc wíf hire wífman swingþ (flagellis verberavit), L. Ecg. P. ii. 4; Th. ii. 184, I. Hig swingaþ eów flagellabunt vos. Mt. Kmbl. 10, 17: Mk. Skt. 10, 34. Æ-acute;rest hiene mon swong primo virgis caesus, Ors. 4, 5; Swt. 168, 4: Bd. 2, 6; S. 508, 13. Ða nam Pilatus ðone Hæ-acute;lend and swang (flagellavit) hyne. Jn. Skt. 19, 1. Hié hine swungon. Blickl. Homl. 23, 31. Mé weras slógon and swungon, Andr. Kmbl. 1927; An. 966. Ða deófol hine (St. Anthony) swungan, ð æt hé ne mihte hine ástyrigean, Shrn. 52, 27. Wiþ ðon ðe mon sié mónaþseóc; nim mereswínes fel, wyrc tó swipan, swing mid ðone man, sóna biþ sél. Amen, Lchdm. ii. 334, 2. Gyf hit cild sý oððe cniht, swinge hine man (vapulet), L. Ecg. P. iv. 52; Th. ii. 218, 31. Swingon vapulare, Lchdm. iii. 212, 2. He ða fæ-acute;mnan hét nacode mid sweopum swingan, Exon. Th. 253, 30; Jul. 188: 251, 8; Jul. 142. Hé byþ geseald ðeódum tó swingenne (tó swinganne, Rush. ad flagellandum), Mt. Kmbl. 20, 19: Exon. Th. 99, ii; Cri. 1623. Hine mid swipum swingende geangsumiaþ. Homl. Th. i. 426, 22. Ðæt hé swá lange swungen wæ-acute;re óþþæt hé swylte. Blickl. Homl. 193, 4. (b) metaphorical, to chastise, afflict, plague :-- Ic ðreáge and suinge (swinge, Cote. MSS. ) ða ðe ic lufige, . . God suingeþ (swingeþ, Cole. MSS. ) æ-acute;lc bearn ðe hé underfón wile, Past. 36; Swt. 253, 1-4. Ðone heó æ-acute;r mid wítum swong. Exon. Th. 279, 22; Jul. 617. Mid monnum ne biþ swungne cum hominibus non flagellabuntur; they are not plagued as other men, A. V., Ps. Surt. 72, 5. II to give a blow with the hand :-- Ðæt deófol cwæð: Swingaþ hine (St. Andrew) on his múð (cf. Sleáþ synnigne St. Andrew ofer seolfes múð, Andr. Kmbl. 2601; An. 1302), Blickl. Homl. 243, 2. [Wæs] suungen exalaparetur (cf. wæs fýstslægenu exalaparetur, 32, 2), Wrt. Voc. ii. 107, 75. III. without the idea of hurting, to whip a top, cream, etc., beat up :-- Mid gelæ-acute;redre handa hé swang ðone top, Ap. Th. 13, 13. Genim mærcsápan and hinde meolc, mæng tósomme and swinge, Lchdm. iii. 4, 2. Swyng, 14, 32. Nime man sealt and þreora æ-acute;gra geolcan, swinge hit swiðe tógædere, 40, 22. IV. to strike, dash :-- Hé swang ðæt fýr on twá he drove back the fire on either hand (cf. that giswerk warð teswungan, bigan sunnun lioht hédrón an himile, Hél. 5634), Cd. Th. 29, 12; Gen. 449. V. to beat the wings (?):-- Se fugel licgeþ lonnum fæst swíðe swingeþ beats its wings violently (1), Salm. Kmbl. 533; Sal. 266. Nis hearpan wyn, ne gód hafoc geond sæl swingeþ (flaps its wings as it sits on the perch; cf the opening lines of the Poema del Cid, where one mark of the desolation of the Cid's home is that the perches are ' sin falcones e sin adtores:' or swingeþ = flies, soars, v. swengan, and cf. for the idea of movement; Bigan úst up stígan, swang geswerk an gemang, Hél. 2243, and Ger. schwingen to wing, soar, schwinge a wing, pinion: Dan. svinge of a bird to soar) ne se swifta mearh burhstede beáteþ, Beo. Th 4520; B. 2264. [O. Sax. O. H. Ger. swingan : O. Frs. swinga.] v. be-, ge-, of-swingan; swengan.
swinge, swynge (both forms occur in the Pastoral), an; f. A stripe, stroke. I. literal, a stroke with a scourge or rod :-- Sc̃p. Petrus hine mid grimmum swingum swong and þreáde (flagellis artioribus afficiens) . . . Cwæþ him eác tó: ' Ic bende and swingan (vincula, verbera) ðrowade' . . . Ðá wæs Laurentius mid ðæs Apostoles swingum (flagellis) swíþe gebylded; cwom and eáwde mid hú miclum swingum (verberibus) hé ðreád wæs, Bd. 2, 6; S. 508, 12-24. Bedrífe hine ( wíteþeów, v. Grmm. R. A. 703) tó swingum, L. In. 48; Th. i. 132, 10: 54; Th. i. 138, 4. Ða hálgan men geðafedon on ðisse worlde monige swyngean and monige bendas and carcernu sancti verbera experti, insuper et vincula et carceres, Past. 30; Swt. 205, 12. II. metaphorical, chastisement, afflicting stroke :-- Geféged tó ðǽm gefógstánum on ðære Godes ceastre bútan ðæm hiéwete ǽlcre suingean (swingan, Cote. MSS. ) sine disciplinae percussione, Past. 36; Swt. 253, 20. Sunu mín ne ágiémeleása ðú Godes suingan (swingan, Cote. MSS.) fili mi, noli negligere disciplinam Domini, Swt. 253, 2. Ic neósiu in swingum (verberibus) synne heara, Ps. Surt. 88, 33. [With a swinge of his sworde (he) swappit hym in the face, Destr. Tr. 1271. O. H. Ger. swinga flagellum: Ger. schwinge a winnow, fan.] v. sweng, and next word.
swingel[l], e; and swingel[l]e, an; f. . I. literal, (a) a stripe, stroke :-- Hine man þreáge mid teartran steóre, ðæt is, him síge on swin-gella wracu (verberum vindicta). Gif hé þurh ða swingella ne biþ geriht . . ., R. Ben. 52, 6-8. Mid teartum swingellum acribus verberibus, 54, 4. Geswencte on bendum and on swingelum (swinglurn, MSS. C. V. ) for earn sóþan geleáfan, Homl. Skt. i. 5, 27. Swinglum, L. In. 48; Th. i. 132, 9, MSS. B. H. Wé witun ðé nellan on belǽdan swincgla us inferre plagas nobis, Coll. Monast. Th. 18, 24. (b) a scourging, whipping, flogging :-- Gif hwá his hýde forwyrce and cirican geierne sié him sió swingelle (swingle, MS. B. ) forgifen if any one incur the punishment of flogging, and run to a church, let the flogging be remitted to him, L. In. 5; Th. i. 104, 16. Hyne Drihten þreáde mid þearlwýslícere swingle. Ð á eode hé tó ðam bysceope . . . and hym eówde ða lǽla ðæra(-e?) swingellan ðe hé from Dryhtne onféng, Shrn. 98, 14-18. Hé wénde ðæt hé mid swinglan (verberibus) sceolde ða ánrédnesse his heortan ánescian . . . Hé hine mid tintregum and mid swinglan oferswíþan ne mihte, Bd. 1. 7; S. 477, 43-478, 2. Hié hine swingaþ . . . and æfter ðære swinglan hié hine ofsleáþ. Blickl. Homl. 15, 11. Hé líchamlíce wrace mid swingelle þolige vindicte corporali subdatur, R. Ben. 48, 12. Ðonne áh se teónd áne swingellan (swingelan, MSS. B. H. ) æt him (the wíteþeów), L. In. 48; Th. i. 132, 9. Gif hwylc wíf hire wífman swingþ and heó þurh ða swingle wyrð deád si mulier aliqua ancillam suam flagellis verberaverit, et ex illa verberatione moriatur, L. Ecg. P. ii. 4; Th. ii. 184, 1. Hé hire swingele behét. Homl. Skt. i. 9, 69. (c) a scourge, rod, whip :-- Swinela palmarum, Hpt. Gl. 510, 40. (d) a swingle, a stick to beat flax [cf. a swiuglestok pessel, the swingle le pesselin, to swingle the flax estonger vostre lyn, Wrt. Voc. i. 152, 39-44. A swyngelstok excussorium, excudia, Wülck. Gl. 581, 30: studia, 614, 1. A swyndyl-stoc exculidium, a swyndilland excudium, 696, 7, 8. I bete and swyn-gylle flax, Rel. Ant. ii. 197, 34. See also Cath. Angl. 374-5 and the notes there. Cf. Du. zwingelen to beat flax. Halliwell gives swingel as a name in several dialects for the part of the flail that strikes the corn, and batillus is translated by a belle clapere vel swyngell, Wülck. 567, 39]:-- Ic ða swingle (but spinle, MS. O.; and the Latin text is proiiciens quam gestabam colum) mé fram áwearp, ðe ic seldon gewunode on handa to hæbbene, Homl. Skt. ii. 23 b, 367. II. figurative, chastisement, affliction :-- Wé scylen beón on ðisse ælðeódignesse útane beheáwene mid suingellan . . . ðætte suá hwæt suá nú on ús unnytes sié ðætte ðæt áceorfe sió suingelle from ús nunc foris per flagella tundimur . . . quatenus quid-quid in nobis est superfluum, modo percussio resecet. Past. 36; Swt. 253, 18-22. Ðæt sár ðære suingellan (swingellan, Cott. MSS. ) ðissa woruld-broca. Swt. 259, 2. Balthasar næs gemyndig his fæder swingle. Homl. Th. ii. 434, 27. Ða ðe him ondrǽdaþ Godes swingellan . . . ða ðe suá áheardode beóþ ðæt hié mon mid nánre swingellan gebétan ne mæg, Past. 37; Swt. 263, 1-9. Ic eom nú tó swingellan gearu ego in flagella paratus sum, Ps. Th. 37, 17. Manifealde synt synfulra manna swingelan, 31, 12. Swingellan, 34, 15. Swyngla, Ps. Spl. 72, 5. Swinla flagra, Hpt. Gl. 527, 24. On swingelum in verberibus, Ps. Spl. 88, 32 : Homl. Th. i. 578, 25. Swinglum, Ps. Th. 88, 29. God ðurh mislíce swingla his folces synna gehǽlþ, Homl. Th. i. 472, 12. v. wind-swingla, and preceding word,
swingere, es; m. One who scourges :-- Nú ic (mead) eom bindere and swingere, sóna weorpere, Exon. Th. 409, 26; Rä. 28, 7,
swinglung. e; f. Giddiness, dizziness, vertigo [cf. swingan, though the verb does not seem much used in the sense of modern swing. For the idea of turning round, seen in vertigo, cf. the following: He dude fore of his cnihtes forte turnen þat hweol . . . ant het swingen hit swift-liche abuten ant tidliche turnen. Jul. 58, 5. See also swengan, geswing] :-- Swinglung scottomia, Wrt. Voc. i. 19, 20. Ðám mannum ðe swinc-lunge swinglunge, MS. B. ) þrowiaþ, Lchdm. i. 344, 6. [Cf. Icel. svingla to rove: Dan. svingle to reel; svingel giddy. Cf. too O. H. Ger. swintilunga vertigo.]
swín-haga, an; m. An enclosure for swine :-- In ðone swínhagan; of swínhagan, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 18, 33: 399, 35.
swín-líca, an; m. The figure of a swine or boar :-- Wǽpna smið (ðone helm) besette swínlícum, Beo. Th. 2910; B. 1453. v. swín, II.
swin[n]., es; m. Sound, melody :-- Swin, sang melodia (Wright gives swinsang melodio; perhaps swinsung should be read, but see the following gloss), Wrt. Voc. ii. 57, 28. Swinne ɫ sangge melodia, Hpt. Gl. 467, 41. Swinn, dreám melodiam, 515, 42. [From the same root as Latin sonus?] v. ge-swin, and following words; and cf. hlyn[n], hlynsian for similar formation.
swinsian; p. ode To make a (pleasing) sound, make melody or music :-- Se fugel swinsaþ and singeþ swegle tógeánes incipit ilia sacri modulamina fundere cantus, et mira lucem voce ciere novam, Exon. Th. 206, 9; Ph. 124: 207, 11; Ph. 140. Swinsaþ sibgedryht swéga mǽste, 239, 8; Ph. 618. On psalterio ðe him swynsaþ oft on the psaltery that oft makes music to him. Ps. Th. 143, 10. Frætwe míne (the swan's) swinsiaþ, torhte singaþ, Exon. Th. 390, 8; Rä. 8, 7 : 55, 17; Cri. 885. Wit song áhófan hlúde bi hearpan, hleóþor swinsade, 325, 2; Víd. 105: 353, 47; Reim. 29. Ðǽr wæs hæleþa hleahtor, hlyn swynsode (a cheerful sound arose), word wǽron wynsume, Beo. Th. 1227; B. 611. Sǽ swinsade the sea made its music (but see swinsung, II), Elen. Kmbl. 479; El. 240. Hearpan hlyn, swinsigende swég, Cd. Th. 66, 8; Gen. 1081.
swinsung, e; f. I. melody, harmony :-- Suinsung armonia, Wrt. Voc. ii. 100, 62: melodium, 113, 79. Dreám, swinsunge (-c?) armonia, 3, 29: 90, 61. Swinsung, Hpt. Gl. 498, 63. Gedrémere swinsunge consona melodia, 519, 6: consona vocis harmonia (modulatione), 467, 9. Wensumne swinsunge ɫ dreám melodiam, 438, 8. Bebudon him gif hé mihte ðæt hé in swinsunge leóþsanges ðæt gehwyrfde praecipientes ei, si posset, hunc in modulationem carminis transferre, Bd. 4, 24; S. 597, 35. Swinsunga melos, Wrt. Voc. ii. 57, 27. II. sound that is not harmonious:--Swinsunge sǽs sonitus maris, Lk. Skt. Rush. 21, 25. Wið eárena swinsunge and ungehýrnesse for singing in the ears and hardness of hearing, Lchdm. iii. 70, 23.
swinsung-cræft, es; m. Music :-- Swinsungcræft musicam, Wrt. Voc. ii. 55. 29.
swio-, swió-. v. sweo-, sweó-.
swipian, sweopian; p. ode To scourge, strike, beat, lash :-- Hafaþ hé gyrde lange and ðone feónd sweopaþ, Salm. Kmbl. 185, MS. A.; Sal. 92. Rodor swipode meredeáða mǽst the destroying sea lashed the skies, Cd. Th. 207, 8; Exod. 463. [Icel. svipa to whip; to move swiftly.] v. swippan.
swipor; adj. Astute, cunning :-- Reáfaþ se snáw swíðor mycle ðonne se swipra (swíðra, Kmbl., but see Anglia i. 151) níð, Salm. Kmbl. 616; Sal. 307. [Swypyr or delyvyr agilis, swypyr and slydyr labilis, Prompt. Parv. 484. Cf. Icel. svipall shifty.] v. ge-swipor (misprinted ge-swip), -swiporness.
swippan; p. te To scourge, beat, strike :-- Hafaþ hé gyrde lange and ðone feónd swipeþ, Salm. Kmbl. 185; Sal. 92. [The verb seems to be not uncommon in later English in the sense to strike, and also in that of to move quickly (Layamon also uses the noun swipe a stroke):--He his sweord up ahof and adun sloh (swipte, 2nd. MS.), Laym. 23962. He braid ut his sweord and him to sweinde (swipte to þan kinge, 2nd MS.), 27627. He hine adun swipte, 16518. He his sweord swipte mid maine, 23978. He swipte þat hæfued of, 21425. lch wulle his heueð of swippen, 878. He lette his sweord adun swippen (hit adun swipte, 2nd MS.), 16510. Ine swifte wateres þe þet is isundred he is sone iswipt forð, A. R. 252, 20. He swipte hire of þ̄ heaued decollavit eam, Kath. 2452. Heo swipten of mid sweord hire heaued gladio percussa, 2179. When þe saul fra þe body swippes, Pr. C. 2196. See also Halliwell's Dict. swippe, and cf. Dan. svippe to smack, crack a whip: Ger. schwippen to whip. Cf. also swingan and words related to it for connection of the ideas of striking and moving.] v. swipian.
swipu, e; swipu(-e), an; f.: swipa (?), an; m. I. literal, a scourge, whip, rod :-- Suibæ mastigia, Txts. 78, 641. Swipe, Wrt. Voc. ii. 71, 22. Swipa (-n?) anguilla vel scutica, i. 21, 16. Sweopan fla[g]ri, ii. 37, 64. Áwundenre suipan, suiopan verbere torto, Txts. 104, 1051. Nim mereswínes fel, wyrc tó swipan, swing mid ðone man, Lchdm. ii. 334, 2. Ðám gelíc ðe Crist ádræ-acute;fde mid swipe of ðam temple, L. Ælfc. C. 27; Th. ii. 352, 21. Suiopan, suipan mastigium, Txts. 77, 1276. Swipan, Wrt. Voc. ii. 55. 26. Hé worhte swipan (suuopa, Lind.: swiopa, Rush.) of strengon flagellum de funiculis, Jn. Skt. 2, 15. Sweopan, Salm. Kmbl. 219; Sal. 109. Hé worhte áne swipe of rápum, Homl. Th. i. 406, 7. Leádene swipa and óðre gepílede swipa wurdon forð áborene, 424, 20. Swipena flagrorum, i. flagellorum, Wrt. Voc. ii. 149, 30: Hpt. Gl. 487, 58. Swipum mastigiis, flagris, 487, 49: flagris, Wrt. Voc. ii. 35, 70. Suiopum, 108, 74. Mid sweopum sleán, Exon. Th. 88, 18; Cri. 1442. Mid sweopum swingan, 253, 30; Jul. 188. Sweopum seolfrenum, Salm. Kmbl. 287; Sal. 143. Hí hine swungon mid ísenum swipum, Guthl. 5; Gdwin. 36, 23. Mið swiopum (suuippum, Lind.) giðorscenne flagellis caesum, Mk. Skt. Rush. 15, 15. I a. that with which a stroke is struck, a sword (?), a javelin (?):--Swypu romphea, Germ. 398, 189. Frome folctogan faraþ him tógegnes, habbaþ leóht speru lange sceaftas, swíðmóde sweopan, swenga ne wyrnaþ, deórra dynta, Salm. Kmbl. 243; Sal. 121. II. figurative, affliction, chastisement :-- Swipu ne geneálæ-acute;cþ ðínum getealde flagellum non appropinquabit tabernaculo tuo, Ps. Lamb. 90, 10. Ne mæg heard sweopu weorðan húse ðínum on neáweste, Ps. Th. 90, 10. Ðære uplecan ðreá sweopon supernae flagella districtionis, Bd. 2, 5; S. 507, 2. Ic wylle swingan eów mid ðám smeartestum swipum, ðæt is, ic wítnige eów mid ðám wyrstan wíte, Wulfst. 295, 11. Synna suippum, Rtl. 42, 21. Suyppa ðínes uraððo, 8, 35. Syuipa, 41, 35. Syppo, 15, 25. Swipa mastigias, Hpt. Gl. 527, 27. [Gief he fend were, me sceolden eter gat &yogh;emete mid gode repples and stiarne swepen, O. E. Homl. i. 231, 21. Crist wrohhte an swepe, Orm. 15562. Icel. svipa a whip: Ger. schwippe a lash, switch. Cf. Prompt. Parv. sweype for a top, or scoorge flagellum.] v. preceding word.
swira, -swiria. v. sweora, ge-swiria consobrinus, Wrt. Voc. ii. 14, 73.
swirman; p. de To swarm (of bees):--Ðonne hí (bees) swirman, Lchdm. i. 384, 23.
swítan (?); p. swát in for-swítan to exhaust, impair, impoverish land (?):--Ðe lond æt Moran ic mid míne wífe bigat, and ic it siðen náwer ne forswát (-swác?) ne forspilde, Chart. Th. 584, 5. v. swǽtan.
swíþ; adj. I. strong, (1) of persons or personifications:--Metod mihtum swíð, Cd. Th. 233, 32; Dan. 284: Andr. Kmbl. 2415; An. 1209: Exon. Th. 45, 8; Cri. 716. Ðý læs hé for wlence, mon móde swíð, of gemete hweorfe, 294, 34; Crii. 25. Hwæt wæs ðé, sǽ swíþa? forhwan fluge ðú swá? Ps. Th. 113, 5. Wyrd seó swíþe, 477, 16; Ruin. 25: Salm. Kmbl. 886; Sal. 442. Hé tóswengde þurh swíðes meaht líges leóman, Exon. Th. 189, 14; Az. 59. Ǽnne hæfde hé swá swíðne geworhtne, swá mihtigne on his módgeþohte, Cd. Th. 16, 33; Gen. 252. Hí swíðra oferstág weard, Exon. Th. 116, 3; Gú. 201. Biþ seó módor frommast and swíþost, 493, 1; Rä. 81, 23. (2) of things, (a) in reference to material things, (α) producing a powerful effect :-- Swíð drenc wiþ áswollenum milte, Lchdm. ii. 256, 14. Ofgeót ðás wyrte mid swíþe beóre . . . wyl on swíþum beóre, 358, 14, 18. Stenc swíþra swæcca gehwylcum, Exon. Th. 358, 15; Pa. 46. Gif ðú wolde ðæt sió sealf swíðre sié, Lchdm. ii. 84, 8. Wylle swíþre medo . . . Wyrc swíðran (the draught), gif hé wille, 270, 7, 16. (β) strong, violent (of wind, stream, etc.):--Swíþe hlimman torrens, Ps. Th. 125, 4. Gif swíþra wind árás si flatus venti major adsurgeret, Bd. 4, 3; S. 569, 10. (γ) strong, not easily broken :-- Swíðne bogan, Ps. Th. 63, 3. (b) of immaterial things:--Ealdfeónda níð, searocræftum swíð, Exon. Th. 110, 25; Gú. 113. Wæs ðæt gewin tó swýð, tó láð and longsum, Beo. Th. 385; B. 191: 6163; B. 3085. Mid ðæm swíðan welme hátheortnesse, Met. 25, 46. Intó ðý swíðan slǽpe, Blickl. Homl. 205, 4. Þurh ða swíðan miht, Cd. Th. 237, 24; Dan. 342. Se willa biþ ðonne strengra ðonne ðæt gecynd. Hwílum biþ se willa swíþra ðonne ðæt gecynd, hwílum ðæt gecynd ofercymþ ðone willan, Bt. 34, 11; Fox 152, 11. Ðæt swýðre mægen wæteres, Ps. Th. 123, 4. ¶ Swíþ occurs often as part of proper names, either as the first or second element, v. Txts. 625, col. 1. II. The comparative is used where later English uses right (hand, side, etc.):--Swíðra dexter, Ælfc. Gr. 5; Zup. 13, 1. (1) With a noun:--Ðín swýðre eáge, ðín swíðre hand, Mt. Kmbl. 5, 29, 30. Ðú smítst ofer Aarones swýðre eáre . . . and ðæs swýðran fótes micclan tán, Ex. 29, 20. Hé sette his ða swíþ[r]an hand him on ðæt heáfod, Bd. 2, 12; S. 515, 19. Hé sette Ephraim on his swíðran hand . . . and Mannases on his winstran hand, ðæt wæs on Israhéles swíðran healfe . . . Hé hefde ðá his swíðran hand ofer Ephraimes heáfod, Gen. 48, 13, 14. Drihten mé ys on ða swýþran healfe, Guthl. 5; Gdwin. 36, 20. Ðú nymst ðone swýðran bóh, Ex. 29, 21. Gif hwá ðé sleá on ðín swýðre wenge, Mt. Kmbl. 5, 39. (2) Used without a noun, the right hand, the right :-- Godes swýðra(-e ?) forbeád Abrahame ðæt hé his sunu ne ofsloge, ac funde him ánne ram, Prud. 1 b. Ðæne ðín seó swíðre sette quam plantavit dextera tua, Ps. Th. 79, 14. Tó swýðran a dextris, Ps. Spl. 15, 8. Hí ásetton hreód on hys swíðran, Mt. Kmbl. 27, 29. Ic sceáwade on ða swýðran considerabam ad dexteram, Ps. Th. 141, 4. Æt swýþrum þearfan a dexteris pauperis, Ps. Spl. 108, 30. Fram swýðrum ðínum a dextris tuis, 90, 7. [Goth. swinþs: O. Sax. swíði: O. Frs. swíth: M. H. Ger. swinde, swint strong, quick: Ger. ge-schwind: Icel. svinnr, sviðr quick, wise] v. earm-, for-, mód-, ofer-, un-swíþ.
swíðan; p. de; but a strong form swáð also occurs. I. to make strong, give strength to, strengthen, support :-- Leng ne woldon Elamitarna aldor swíðan folcgestreónum, Cd. Th. 119, 16; Gen. 1980. Ongan Abimæleh Abraham swíðan woruldgestreónum, 164, 18; Gen. 2716. Swá reordode manna mildost mihtum swíðed, 213, 9; Exod. 549. II. to be strong, exercise strength, prevail (?):--Ic oforswíðrode ágen &l-bar; ongén &l-bar; swáð ( = oferswáð? v. ofer-swíðan) hine praevalui adversus eum, Ps. Lamb. 12, 5. v. for-, ge-, ofer-, þurh-swíðan; swíðian.
swíðe; adv. Very, much, exceedingly :-- Tó ðam swíðe in tantum, Hpt. Gl. 509, 34. Tó ðan swýðe adeo, Ælfc. Gr. 30; Zup. 193, 5. I. with adjectives, (1) of quantity:--Mid swíþe manigre swétnesse, Bt. 7, 1; Fox 16, 11: 11, 1; Fox 32, 34. Swíþe feáwa manna ongit, 19; Fox 70, 12. Swíþe lytle fiorme, Past. pref.; Swt. 5, 11. (2) of quality:--Hé biþ ðæra suíðe gemyndig, Past. 4; Swt. 37, 20. Ða swíðe swígean nimis taciti, 23; Swt. 174, 24. Swíþe heá dúne, Blickl. Homl. 27, 16. Ús is swíþe uncúþ, 51, 35. Hé wæs swíðe welig dives erat valde, Lk. Skt. 18, 23. II. with adverbs or adverbial phrases:--Suíðe oft, Past. 3; Swt. 35, 9. Ðæt his láreów hine suíðe lythwón gemyndgige, 31; Swt. 207, 4. Ðá wundrade ic swíðe swíðe, pref.; Swt. 5, 19. Swíðe ðearle vehementer nimis, Gen. 17, 2. Drinc swýþe þearle, Lchdm. i. 78, 10. Swíþe eáþe . . . swíþe raþe, Blickl. Homl. 21, 17, 21. Swíþe lytelíce, Bt. 7, 1; Fox 16, 11. II a. in the superlative, chiefly, especially, mostly :-- Seó bóc (St. John's gospel) hrepaþ swýðost ymbe Cristes godcundnysse, Homl. Th. i. 70, 1. Hwiþer wilt ðú mé swíþost lǽdan whither especially wilt thou lead me? Bt. 22, 2; Fox 78, 5. Þurh ofermétto ealra swíðost most of all through pride, Cd. Th. 22, 8; Gen. 337. Swíþost hé fór ðider for ðæm horschwælum it was chiefly on account of the walruses that he went thither, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 17, 35. Swíðost hys spéda hý forspendaþ mid ðam langan legere, 21, 8. Ðæs hé wæs ealles swíþost to hergenne, ðæt . . . he was to be praised most of all for this, that. . ., Blickl. Homl. 223, 27. Smire hine mid hrýþeres oþþe swíðost mid oxan geallan, Lchdm. ii. 44, 11. III. with verbs, intensifying their force:--Ne ðæt swíþe tó wundrianne is it is not much to be wondered at, Bd. 3, 9; S. 533, 24. Ðá arn dæt wíf swíðe then the woman ran fast, Homl. Skt. i. 3, 650. Ælmyssan sylle hé swýðe eleemosynas reddat largiter, L. Ecg. C. 3; Th. ii. 136, 34. Þicge hit swýðe, Lchdm. i. 80, 19. Seóð swýþe and ete swýþe cook thoroughly and eat largely, 82, 1. Ðæt Drihten swóre áð swíðe solemnly swore an oath, Wulfst. 209, 27. Ðæt wé his tó suíðe ne gítseden, Past. 3; Swt. 33, 18. Drihten is þearle swíþe tó herienne, Lchdm. iii. 436, 18. Hé þearle swíþe wearþ gegladod, 438, 27. Swá swýþe swá hé ðam cyninge wæs líciende, swá swýþe hé him sylfum mislícade, Bd. 5, 13; S. 632, 8. Mé swá swýþe ne lyst, swá . . ., Bt. 5, 1; Fox 10, 18. Hí swíþor clypodon illi magis clamabant, Mt. Kmbl. 27, 23. Nis ðé náuht swíþor nothing affects you more, Bt. 7, 1; Fox 16, 8: 7, tit.; Fox x, 13. Wé nellaþ be ðám ná swíðor áwrítan we will not write further about them, Homl. Th. ii. 466, 20. Wé willaþ furðor ymbe ðás emnihte swíðor sprecan . . . Embe ðis wé sprecaþ eft swídor we will say more about it later on, Lchdm. iii. 240, 1, 7. Ða bróþra óþra weorca swýðor gýmdon paid more attention to other works, Bd. 3, 8; ii. 532, 30. Swá hé him swíþor bebeád swá hí swíðor bodedon quanto eis praecipiebat, tanto magis plus praedicabant, Mk. Skt. 7, 36. Wæs hé swá micle swíðor on his móde gedréfed, swá his mód ǽr swíðor tó ðám woruldsǽlþum gewunod wæs, Bt. 1; Fox 2, 27. Biþ ðý heardra ðe hit sǽstreámas swíðor beátaþ, Cd. Th. 80, 10; Gen. 1326. Ðǽm módum ðe hí willaþ swíþost beswícan the minds that they will most completely dtceive, Bt. 7, 1; Fox 16, 12. Ðá hé hí swíðost forslagen hæfde when he had inflicted a most severe defeat upon them, 16, 2; Fox 54, 2. Ðá hí swíðost worhton when they were working hardest, Homl. Th. i. 22, 22. Ðonne heó bléwþ swíðust when it is in fullest blossom, Lchdm. i. 160, 14. Forlǽtan unnytte ymbhogan swá hé swíþost mihte as much as ever he could, Bt. 35, tit.; Fox xvi, 27. Hiora scamiaþ swíþust ealles ða tó Sione hete swíðost hæfdon, Ps. Th. 128, 3. Swýþust ealra, 108, 28. Næfde se here Angelcynn ealles for swíðe gebrocod; ac hié wǽron micle swíþor gebrocede mid ceápes cwilde and monna; ealles swíþost mid ðæm ðæt manige ðara sélestena cynges þéna forðférdon, Chr. 897; Erl. 94, 29-32. [The word is common in Middle English. O. Sax. swíðo: O. Frs. swíthe.] v. efen-, for-, ofer-, un-swíðe.
swíþfæstness, e; f. Violence, force :-- Þurh swíðfæstnesse his geþohtes prae violentia cogitationis suae, L. Ecg. C. 5; Th. ii. 138, 27.
swíþ-feorm; adj. I. abounding in substance :-- Him ðá Abraham gewát ǽhte lǽdan golde and seolfre swíðfeorm and gesǽlig (cf. gewiton him ǽhta lǽdan, feoh and feorme, 99, 22; Gen. 1650), Cd. Th. 106, 12; Gen. 1770. II. producing abundant sustenance, very fruitful :-- Beóþ góde wíngeardas and swíþfeorme mannum, Lchdm. iii. 162, 31. III. violent. v. next word:--Ic (a storm) wíde fére swift and swíþfeorm, Exon. Th. 386, 35; Rä. 4, 72. Cf. swíþ-from.
swíþ-feormende growing violent :-- Ða swíþfeormende crudescentes, Wrt. Voc. ii. 92, 23: 19, 42.
swíþ-ferhþ; adj. I. of strong mind or soul :-- Snotor and swýðferhð (Beowulf), Beo. Th. 1656; B. 826. Swíðferhþe (Beowulf's companions), 990; B. 493. Hwæt swíðferhðum (the Danes) sélest wæ-acute;re tó gefremmnanne, 348; B. 173. II. of violent mind, violent, impetuous :-- Geswearc ðá swíðferð (Juliana's father), Exon. Th. 247, 13; Jul. 78. Oft bemearn swíðferhðes (Sigemund) síð snotor ceorl monig, Beo. Th. 1820; B. 908.
swíþ-from; adj. Exceedingly strong, of great energy :-- Hé (the Deity) biþ á ríce ofer heofenstólas heágum þrymmum sóðfæst and swíðfrom (-ferom, MS.; but see also swíþ-feorm) sweglbósmas heóld, Cd. Th. 1, 17; Gen. 9. Cf. Mín geswíþfroma (addressing the Deity), Anglia xii. 508, 1. v. next word.
swíþfromlíce; adv. Strenuously, with great energy :-- Suíðfromlíce naviter, Wrt. Voc. ii. 114, 58.
swíþ-hwæt; adj. Very strong, Runic pm. Kmbl. 340, 13; Rún. 5. v. rád; f.
Swíþ-hún, es; m. St. Swithin, bishop of Winchester, in which see he succeeded Helmstan, who died 852. In one MS. of the A. S. Chronicle, under the year 861, is the entry :-- Hér forðférde S. Swíðún biscop, Erl. 71, 20; but in a charter of 863, Swíðhún episcopus is given as one of the witnesses, v. Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 117, 22. The name occurs often in the same connection in previous years [For an account of him see Earle's Gloucester Fragments, and for the complete homily of which a fragment is given in that work, see Homl. Skt. vol. i. No. 21]:--Ðes Swýðún wæs bisceop on Winceastre, Homl. Skt. i. 21, 14. Se árwurða Swýðún (Swíðhún, Gloucester Frg.), 23. Æt Swýðúnes (Swíðhúnes, G. F.) byrgene, 98. Se smið andwyrde ðam árwurðan Swýðúne (Swíðhúne, G. F), 29. ¶ For the name where there is no reference to the saint, cf. ðæt suíðhúnincglond, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. i. 243, 10. Ab aquilone habens terminum suuealuue fluminis, a plaga oriente suíðhúninglond, a parte occidentali ealhfleót, ab austro sighearding méduue ond eac suíth-húninglond, 250, 9-12.
swíþ-hycgende; adj. (ptcpl.) Of strong purpose :-- Scealc monig swiðhicgende, Beo. Th. 1842; B. 919. Mágas ðara swíðhicgendra, 2036; B. 1016.
swíðian; p. ode. I. to be or become strong, to prevail :-- Strangadan, swíðodon invalescebant, Wrt. Voc. ii. 74, 6. Strangedon, swíþedon, 46, 49. Ne wæs ðæt tó wundrianne ðeáh ðe ðæs cyninges béne ðá hé mid Drihtne rícsade mid hine swíþode and genge wǽre nec mirandum preces regis illius iam cum Domino regnantis, multum valere apud eum, Bd. 3, 12; 8. 537, ig. II. to make firm, to fix :-- Suíðigaþ figite, Wrt. Voc. ii. 108, 68. Swíþiaþ, 35, 60. v. for-swíðan (under which for-swíðede is wrongly put); swíðan.
swíþ-líc; adj. I. very great, exceedingly great :-- Swíðlíc grande, magnum, Hpt. Gl. 434, 41. Samson gelǽhte ða sweras mid swíðlícre mihte and slóh hí tógædere Samson apprehendens ambas columnas concussit fortiter columnas, Jud. 16, 29. Hig cumaþ mid swíðlícum ǽhtum (cum magna substantia), Gen. 15, 14. II. with the idea of violent disturbance, violent, strong (of storm, wind, etc.):--Reóhnys swýðlíc tempestas valida, Ps. Lamb. 49, 3. Swégde swíðlíc wind of ðam wéstene, Homl. Th. ii. 450, 18. Heard gebrec, swár and swíðlíc, swégdynna mǽst, Exon. Th. 59, 19; Cri. 955. For swíþlícum réne, Bt. 12; Fox 36, 17. Wið swíðlícne fléwsan ðæs sǽdes, Lchdm. i. 220, 3. On wæterum swýðlícum in aquis vehementibus, Cant. Moys. 10. Hí sáwon swíðlíce rénas, Boutr. Scrd. 21, 22. III. of energetic, violent action, vehement, violent :-- Wið swíðlícne hracan. Lchdm, i. 270, 2. Him swyrdgeswing swíþlíc eówdon weras, Judth. Thw. 25, 3; Jud. 240. IV. of that which affects the senses or the feelings, strong, intense, severe :-- Nǽfre ðú ðæs swíðlíc sár gegearwast, ðæt ðú mec onwende worda ðissa, Exon. Th. 246, 1; Jul. 55. Ða téð cwaciaþ on swíðlícum cyle, Homl. Th. i. 132, 27. Ðonne hé on sumura for swíðlícre hǽtan geteorud byþ, Lchdm. i. 226, 22. Ðeós wyrt is háttre gecynde and swýðlícre, 236, 11. Strang tó swíðlícum drencum, Homl. Th. ii. 322, 15. God him sende swíðlíce ógan týn cinna wíta, Ælfc. T. Grn. 5, 18. V. of feeling, or emotion, intense, vehement :-- Hé mid swíðlícum luste his lífes gewilnode, Homl. Th. i. 86, 19. On swíðlícre blisse in jubilo, Ps. Lamb. 46, 6. VI. of discipline or conduct, stern, severe, strict :-- Cildru behófiaþ swíðlícere steóre, Homl. Th. ii. 324, 33. Hé munucregol gesette mid swýðlícre drohtnunge, Basil prm.; Norm. 32, 6.
swíþlíce; adv. I. very greatly, exceedingly :-- Se déma wundrode swíðlíce (vehementer), Mt. Kmbl. 27, 14. Swá sárige on hiora móde and swá swíðlíce gedréfed permotae, Ors. 1, 10; Swt. 44, 30. Ic wát ðæt ðú woldest swíþe swíþlíce beón onǽled quanto ardore flagrares, Bt. 22, 2; Fox 78, 3. Ðá wunode se hálga wer on ancerlífe swíðlíce stíðe, Homl. Th. ii. 146, 7. II. powerfully, energetically, strongly :-- Mé þincþ ðæt ðín gecynd and ðín gewuna flíte swíþe swíþlíce wiþ ðæm dysige, Bt. 26, 4; Fox 178, 28. III. sternly, strictly, severely :-- Hwílum líðelíce tó ðreátianne, hwílum suíðlíce and stræclíce tó ðráfianne, Past. 21; Swt. 151, 12. [Þe king him answerede swiðeliche fæire, Laym. 4421. O. Sax. swíðlíko (éð giswerian).]
swíþlícness, e; f. Excess; nimietas, R. Ben. Interl. 73, 7.
swíþ-mihtig; adj. Exceedingly mighty, of great might :-- Gesamnincga swíðmihtigra synagoga potentium, Ps. Th. 85, 13.
swíþ-mód; adj. I. in a good sense, (a) great-souled, magnanimous, stout-hearted :-- Com ðá tó lande lidmanna helm (Beowulf) swíðmód swymman, Beo. Th. 3252; B. 1624. Swíðmód cyning, Cd. Th. 222, 5; Dan. 100: 225, 29; Dan. 161: 244, 18; Dan. 450. (b) stern-minded :-- Á ðone feónd swíðmód swipeþ, Salm. Kmbl. 185; Sal. 92. Folctogan faraþ him tógeánes, habbaþ swíðmóde sweopan, swenga ne wyrnaþ, 243; Sal. 121. II. in a bad sense, of violent mind, arrogant, haughty, high-minded :-- Dryhtguman síne drencte mid wíne swíþmód (cf. stíþmoda, l. 19) sinces brytta (Holofernes), Judth. Thw. 21, 21; Jud. 30: 26, 22; Jud. 340. Swíðmód cyning (Nebuchadnezzar after putting the three children in the furnace), Cd. Th. 233, 1; Dan. 269: (the king at the time of the dream; cf. hé wæs wið God scyldig, 250, 20; Dan. 549), 249, 12; Dan. 529. Wearð hé swíðmód in sefan for ðære sundorgife ðe him God sealde, 254, 3; Dan. 606. v. next word.
swíþmódness, e; f. Greatness of soul, magnanimity :-- Be sigerfestnisse and swíþmódnísse úses Drihtnes mid ðǽm hé ða hǽþnan ofercom, Anglia xi. 173, 12. Ne mágon hý ðære tungan gerecnisse ne hire mægnes swíðmódnisse áspyrian, Salm. Kmbl. 150, 4.
swíþness, e; f. Strength, violence :-- Cyles swíþness frigoris nimietas, Anglia xiii. 397, 458. v. ofer-swíþness.
swíðor, swíðra, swiðrian. v. swíðe, swíþ, II, sweðrian.
swíðrian; p. ode. I. to become or be stronger, to prevail :-- Ðæt wæter swíðrode swíðe ofer ða eorðan aquae praevaluerunt nimis super terram, Gen. 7, 19. Se hunger þearle swíðrode praevaluerat fames in terra, 12, 10. Hé swýðrode on ídelnysse his praevaluit in vanitate ejus, Ps. Lamb. 51, 9. Saulus micclum swýðrode Saul increased the more in strength (A. V. Acts 9, 22), Homl. Th. i. 388, 3. Hyra stefna swíðredon invallescebant voces eorum, Lk. Skt. 23, 23. II. to avail :-- Seó hálwende onsægedness[e] tó écre álýsnesse swíþrade and fromade sacrificium salutare ad redemptionem valeret, Bd. 4, 22; S. 592, 28. Swíþrian valere, swíþrigende valens, Hymn. Surt. 70, 3, 5. v. ofer-swíðrian.
swíþ-snel; adj. Very quick :-- Sum biþ swíðsnel, hafaþ searolíc gomen gleódǽda, leóht and leoþuwác, Exon. Th. 298, 8; Crä. 82.
swíþ-sprecol; adj. Proud in speech, speaking proud things :-- Ða swýðsprecelan tungan linguam magniloguam, Ps. Lamb. 11, 4.
swíþ-stincende; adj. (ptcpl.) Emitting a strong scent :-- Swíþstincendre flagrantior, Wrt. Voc. ii. 38, 29.
swíþ-strang; adj. Of great strength or force. v. next word.
swíþ-stríme; adj. Having a strong stream :-- Ðá com hé tó swíþstrémre (swíðstrangre, MS. B.) eá pervenit ad flumen meatu rapidissimo, Bd. 1, 7; S. 478, 4.
swíþ-swége; adj. High-sounding, heroic (verse):--Swíðswégum metrum heroico hexametro, Hpt. Gl. 440, 12. Mid swíðswíum ( = swégum?) sangum dreámes dulcisonis (jucundis) melodiae, 416, 1.
swíþ-swíge; adj. Taciturn, too silent :-- Ða suíðsuígean (swíðe swígean, Cott. MSS.) ða felaídelsprǽcæn nimis taciti, multiloquio vacantes, Past. 23; Swt. 175, 24.
swí-tíma, switol. v. swíg-tíma, sweotol.
swíung, e; f. A spasm :-- Hramma vel swíung spasmos, Wrt. Voc. i. 19, 21.
swodrian; p. ode To get drowsy, fall asleep :-- Ic hnæppode and ic swodrode ego dormivi et soporatus sum, Ps. Spl. 3, 5. [In his chaire he sat longe . . . a lutel he bigan to swoudri as a slep him nome. Þo þoʒte him in his swoudringe þat a whit coluere com, L. S. 439, 268. Cf. A day as he wery was, and a suoddrynge him nome . . . Seyn Cutbert to him com, R. Glouc. 264, 22. Halliwell gives zwodder = drowsy, dull, as a West-country word.] v. swaðrian, sweðrian.
swógan; p. sweóg; pp. swógen. I. to make a sound, move with noise, rush, roar (of wind, water, flame):--Swógaþ windas, bláwaþ brecende bearhtma mǽste, Exon. Th. 59, 10; Cri. 950. Frætwe míne (a swan) swógaþ hlúde, 390, 7; Rä. 8, 7. Drihten lét willeburnan on woruld þringan, égorstreámas swógan, Cd. Th. 83, 5; Gen. 1375. Fýr swógende, 154, 17; Gen. 2557. Swógende lég, Beo. Th. 6282; B. 3145. Swógende strepente, Wrt. Voc. ii. 74, 72. Ðǽm swógendum, hleóðregendum argutis, 5, 36: 86, 74. II. fig. to move with violence, enter with force, invade. v. in-swógenness:--Ðæt nǽnig bisceop óþres bisceopscíre on swóge ut nullus episcoporum parochiam alterius invadat, Bd. 4, 5; S. 572, 32. [Þe soun of our souerayn þen swey in his ere, Allit. Pms. 104, 429. Cf. the noun in Mid. E. swoughe, swoghe = noise, e. g. of the see he herde a swoghe (Halliwel's Dict. q. v.), modern sough of the wind. But both verb and noun are used in the sense of swoon; for the verb v. geswógen, and as later instances swowinde, A. R. 288, 25; he feol iswowen (-swoʒe, 2nd MS.), Laym. 3074: for the noun see Stratmann and Halliwell. O. Sax. swógan:--Swógan quam engil, faran an feðerhamon, Hél. 5798.] v. á-, ofer-, þurh-swógan; swégan.
swógenness, swógung. v. in-swógenness, ge-swógung.
swól, es; m. (?), n. (?) Heat, burning :-- Suól chaumos, Wrt. Voc. ii. 103, 75. Swól camos, 17, 8: i. 288, 41. Suóle caumati, ii. 103, 31. Swóle caumate, 22, 21. I. of the heat of fire:--Hé (the phenix) somnaþ swóles láfe, gegædraþ bán gebrosnad æfter bǽlþræce, Exon. Th. 216, 16; Ph. 269. Oa swóle byrneþ þurh fýres feng fugel mid neste, 212, 23; Ph. 214. II. of the sun's heat:--Hé swá swíþe swǽtte swá hé in swóle (caumate) middes sumeres wǽre, Bd. 3, 19; S. 549, 30 MS. T. III. of feverish heat:--Sió ungemetlíce hǽto ðæs miltes cymþ of feferes swólle, Lchdm. ii. 244, 6. Hú se háta maga swól þrowaþ, 160, 5: 194, 12. [Cf. Du. zwoel sultry.] v. swólig.
swolgettan; p. te To swallow, take into the throat :-- Ðonne sceal mon ðone geagl swillan gelóme on ðære ádle (quinsy), and swolgettan eced wiþ sealt gemenged, Lchdm. ii. 48, 16.
swólig (cf. dysig for the form), es; n. Burning, heat :-- Swólig caumatio, Wrt. Voc. ii. 130, 8. Hát lyft and swólga (sultriness?) bringaþ ádle on ðam milte, ðonne se mon wyrð tó swíþe forhǽt, Lchdm. ii. 244, 7. [In a late MS. of Ælfric's Grammar and Vocabulary, swoli, sweoli translate cauma, Zup. 33, 12 note, 306, 15 note.]
swólig (?); adj. Sultry. v. preceding word.
swoloþ, swon-. v. sweoloþ, swan-.
swoncen-ferhþ; adj. ? :-- Hé (a man who has been hung) sígeþ swoncenferð (swoncerferð life having failed, (?) v. swancor, I; or sworcenf;erð with darkened soul, i. e. dead (?)), sáwle bireáfod, fealleþ on foldan, Exon. Th. 328, 29; Vy. 25.
swór consobrinus, -swora, -swore, -sworcenness, -sworcenlíc, -sworenness. v. sweór, mán-swara, ge-sworc, for-sworcenness, for-sworcenlíc, for-sworenness.
sworettan; p. te To draw a deep breath, to sigh, pant :-- Sworette oscitavit, Wrt. Voc. ii. 63, 64. Hé of inneweardre heortan swíþe sworete ille intimo ex corde longa trahens suspiria, Bd. 2, 1; S. 501, 14. Hé sume hwíle sæt and sworette modicum suspirans, 5, 19; S. 640, 29. Ða ús nú bysmriaþ, ða ðe ǽr on úrum bendum sworettan, Blickl. Homl. 85, 25. Ðá ongan hé sworettan, swá swá eallunga gewǽced, on ðam oreðe belocen, Homl. Skt. ii. 23 b, 234. v. á-sworettan.
sworettend-líc; adj. Panting :-- Sworetendleca anhela, Wrt. Voc. ii. 9. 47.
sworettung, e; f. A deep drawing of the breath. I. as a sign of trouble, a sigh :-- From sworetunge mínum a singultu meo, Rtl. 20, 27. Heó mid wópe and mid teárum wæs geondgoten and longe sworetunge wæs teónde (suspiria longa trahens), Bd. 4, 23; S. 596, 10. Hé gemænigfealdode ða sworetunga ðám siccetungum, Homl. Skt. ii. 23 b, 201. II. breathing hard from illness or labour, gasping, panting :-- Wið nearwre sworetunge, Lchdm. i. 340, 11. Hé mid langre sworetunge ðæt orð of ðám breóstum teáh, Guthl. 20; Gdwin. 80, 13. Hé wæs swíðe gewǽced on ðam langan geswince, and hé mid sworettungum wæs genyrwed, Homl. Skt. ii. 23 b, 770. Betwih ða[m] untruman sworettuuga inter aegra suspiria, Bd. 3, 13; S. 538, 23.
swornian, swarnian; p. ode To coalesce :-- Suornodun, suornadun, suarnadun coaluissent, Txts. 48, 198. Swornodon, Wrt. Voc. ii. 14, 64. v. á-swarnian.
swót; adj. Sweet :-- Ðæt hús gefylled wæs of suót stenc ðæs smirinese domus impleta est ex odore ungenti, Jn. Skt. Lind. 12, 3. Mid swótum wyrtum, Nar. 49, 8. [Þe swote breð of spices, A. R. 80, 2. His swote sauur, Marh. 4, 33. Þe swote Ihú, swottre þen euer ani þing, 11, 14. Se swiðe swote smeal, Kath. 1588. Swete Iesu, alre smelle swotest, 617. Aprille with his showres swoote, Chauc. C. T. prol. 1.] v. swéte, swótness.
swóte; adv. Sweetly :-- Ic stince swóte oleo, Ælfc. Gr. 37; Zup. 220, 14. Se líchoma stanc swóte, Shrn. 143, 29. [Þu sleptest swóte, A. R. 238, 5. O. H. Ger. sózo suaviter.]
swót-líc; adj. Sweet, savoury :-- Hú sió womb weorðe mid swótlecustum mettum gefylled ut venter delectabiliter cibis impleatur, Past. 43; Swt. 311, 8. [O. H. Ger. sóz-líh.] Cf. swétlíce, and next word.
swót-mete; es; m. A sweet-meat, delicacy :-- Nǽron ðá welige hámas ne mistlíce swótmettas, Bt. 15; Fox 48, 4. v. swét-mete, and preceding word.
swótness, e; f. Sweetness :-- Mycel swótnysse stænc, Shrn. 16, 1. In stencg suótnisses in odore suavitatis, Rtl. 88, 32. Suótnise stences, 65, 41. v. swétness.
swót-stence; adj. Sweet-scented, odoriferous:--Ambrosia elesealfe, divino odore ðære swótstencan, Wrt. Voc. ii. 2, 35.
swót-stencende (-stincende?) emitting a sweet odour :-- Suǽ ðæt récilc suótstencende stenc ic gisalde sicut balsamum aromatizans odorem dedi, Rtl. 65, 39.
swugian, swulung, -swundenness, swur-, swuster, swutol, swyft, swyftlere, swylc. v. swigian, sulung, á-swundenness, sweor-, sweostor, sweotol, swift, swiftlere, swilc.
swyld(?), e; f. A pang :-- Sár(þar, MS.) mé ymbsealde swylde(Grein suggests swylce) deáðes trouble encompassed me, the pangs of death; circumdederunt me dolores mortis, Ps. Th. 114, 3. v. swelan, and cf. cwyld, cwelan.
swyle, es; m. A tumour, swelling, abscess :-- Swyle apostema, Wrt. Voc. i. 19, 35: ii. 7, 68. Unwlitig swile . . . ðone ungeþwǽran swyle tumor deformis . . . tumorem illum infestum, Bd. 4, 32; S. 611, 17, 41. Se earm wæs on mycelne swyle gecyrred . . . ðeáh ðe se swyle ðæs earmes gesýne sí brachium versum est in tumorem . . . tametsi tumor brachii manere videretur, 5, 3; S. 616, 6, 38. Ðá ásweóll him se líchama . . . Ðá sóna eall se swyle gewát fram him, Guthl. 16: Gdwin. 68, 24. Wiþ innan-gewyrsmedum geswelle . . . lege on gelóme óþ ðætte open sié se swile, Lchdm. ii. 72, 24. Wiþ ceácena swyle and wiþ geagles swyle, 2, 19, 20. Wiþ ǽlcum heardum swile oððe geswelle, 70, 20. Wiþ deádum swile, 74, 12, 15. Wiþ springe . . . lege on ðone swile, 80, 17. Wið swylas, gáte tord; smyre mid ða swylas; hyt hý tódrífþ, and gedéþ ðæt hý eft ne árísaþ, i. 354, 27. v. fǽr-, fót-, geagl-, hand-swyle.
swylfende, Wrt. Voc. i. 20, 22, swylian. v. swelgan, swilian.
swylt, es; m. Death, destruction. I. of the death of the body:--Swylt háligra mors sanctorum, Ps. Th. 115, 5. Ende becwom, swylt æfter synnum, Beo. Th. 2514; B. 1255. On galgan rídan, seomian æt swylte, Exon. Th. 329, 14; Vy. 34. Deáðberende gyfl (the forbidden fruit) ða sinhíwan tó swylte geteáh, 153, 10; Gú. 823. Swylt settan ðínum esnum to put thy servants to death, Ps. Th. 78, 2. Swylt ætfæstan, Andr. Kmbl. 2695; An. 1350. Swilt þrowian, Apstls. Kmbl. 142; Ap. 71. ¶ The word often occurs with somewhat of a personal sense as the subject of niman, forniman:--Æ-acute;r ðec swylt nime, deáð for duguðe, Exon. Th. 257, 31; Jul. 255: Elen. Kmbl. 892; El. 447. Ðæ-acute;r Seón cyning swylt dreórig fornam, Ps. Th. 135, 20: Beo. Th. 2877; B. 1436. Ealle swylt fornam, druron dómleáse, deáðræ-acute;s forféng, Andr. Kmbl. 1988; An. 996: Exon. Th. 283, 5; Jul. 675: 477, 19; Ruin. 27. II. of the second death, the perdition of the soul :-- Hí leahtrum fá, lége gebundne, swylt þrowiaþ . . . ðæt is éce cwealm, Exon. Th. 94, 14; Cri. 1540. [Cf. Góth. swulta-wairþja lying at the point of death: Icel. sultr hunger, famine.]
swylt (?=swylht, cf. swelgan?), es; m. A whirlpool :-- Swyttes (swyltes?) gurgitis, Hpt. Gl. 468, 72.
swylt-cwalu, e; f. Death-pang, death, (1) of the death of the body:-- 3 Q Ðæs gástes síð æfter swyltcwale, Andr. Kmbl. 311; An. 156. (2) of the death of the soul:--Gif seó sáwl sceal mid deóflum drohtnoð habban . . . on swyltcwale and in sárum sorgum, Wulfst. 188, 4. Cf. deáþ-cwalu.
swylt-dæg, es; m. Death-day, day of death :-- Ǽr his swyltdæge, Cd. Th. 74. 12; Gen. 1221: Beo. Th. 5588; B. 2798.
swylt-deáþ, es; m. Death :-- Ðú míne sáwle of swyltdeáðes láþum wiðlǽddest eripuisti animam meam de morte, Ps. Th. 55, 11.
swymman, swýn, swynge, swyr, swyra, swyrd, swyrige ( = partiat, R. Ben. Interl. 54, 4), swyster, -swystrenu, swytel, swýþ, sý, syb[b], sýcan. v. swimman, swín, swinge, sweor, sweora, sweord, scirian, sweoster, gesweosternu (-swistrenu), sweotol, swíþ, sí, sib[b], sícan.
-syd in ge-syd a miry place. [Halliwell gives suddie=miry, boggy. Cf. also sod. Cf. O. H. Ger. salz-suti salsugo: Ger. sudel a puddle.] Cf. seáþ.
syde, es; m. A decoction, the water in which anything has been seethed or boiled :-- Ðysse sylfan wyrte syde ðære tóþa sár gelídigaþ, gyf hyne man swá wearmne on ðam múþe gehealdeþ, Lchdm. i. 280, 3. [M. H. Ger. sut: Ger. sud seething; ab-sud a decoction: cf. Icel. soð the broth or water in which meat has been sodden.] v. seóðan.
sydung (better sidung, under which form the word should be entered), e; f. A regulation, rule :-- Sydung regula, Germ. 398, 217. Cf. Gesidode determinabit, 399, 431: conserit, 469. Gesydod concinna, conveniens, benecomposita, 396, 321. Goth. sidón meditari. O. Sax. gi-sidón sorga to cause sorrow to a person: O. H. Ger. sitón machinari, disponere; gisitón instituere, destinare, conglutinare. (See sídung, where perhaps sidung should be read.) v. sidu.
sýfer-ǽte; adj. Moderate in eating, sober, temperate :-- Sig se abbod clǽne and sýferǽte (sýfre, Wells Frgt.) oportet eum esse castum, sobrium, R. Ben. 119, 25. v. sýferness.
sýfer-líc (?); adj. Sober, moderate :-- Séferlíce sobriam (but the termination of the Latin word is doubtful, v. note), Hymn. Surt. 16, 21.
syferlíce; adv. I. with cleanliness, without impurity :-- Ðæt gé witen ðæt hit (the preparation of the wafers for the mass) clǽnlíce and sýferlíce gedón sý, L. E. I. 5; Th. ii. 404, 36. II. soberly, purely, without excess or grossness :-- Sidefulle on ðeáwum and sýferlíce lybbende, Homl. Ass. 37, 327. III. soberly, prudently, circumspectly :-- Ða cild ðe beóþ sýferlíce áfédde (cf. the contrast in l. 9, cild réceleáslíce áfédd), and wið unðeáwum gestýrede, Homl. Th. ii. 326, 17. Biddende séferlíce precantes sobrie, Hymn. Surt. 19, 11. [O. H. Ger. súbarlícho ad sobrietatem.]
sýferness, e; f. Sobriety, moderation, temperance, abstinence, purity :-- Sýfernys abstinentia, Wrt. Voc. i. 51, 7. Seó sýfernes þreáde ðæt werod cweðende ðæt hit ne fyligde ðære gálnesse sobrietas increpat acies dicens ne sequantur luxuriam, Prud. 46 a: 472-492. Seó sýfernes and óðre mægnu, 54. Rúmheortnys and sýfernys (opposed to gítsung and gífernes, 68, 15), Wulfst. 69, 1. Sýfernysse þearf sinceritatis azima, Hymn. Surt. 82, 31: Scint. 42, 16. Ðære sýfernysse (opposed to drunkenness, v. l. 54) gód bodian, Homl. Ass. 146, 60. Mid micelre sýfernysse and gemetfæstnysse, and ná mid nánre oferfylle ne mid oferdrince, 144, 15. Sýfernysse (opposed to druncenscipe, l. 18), 145, 20: Homl. Th. i. 360, 5. Ic brúce ðisum mettum mid sýfernysse (cum sobrietate), Coll. Monast. Th. 35, 5. Began ðá his geþanc tó sýfernysse (opposed to lust, v. 197, 75) gehwyrfan, Homl. Ass. 198, 96. [O. H. Ger. súbarnessi purificatio, purgatio.] v. un-sýferness.
syfeþa, sýfian. v. sifeþa, seófian.
syflan; p. de; pp. ed To provide with sufel, q. v. [:--Gesyfledne hláf, Wulfst. 170, 20. Brádne hláf well gesyfled, Chart. Th. 606, 3. Icel. syfldr brauðhleifr.] v. ge-syflan; syfling.
syflige, an; f. A dish to be eaten with bread :-- Genihtsumian wé gelýfaþ twá gesodene syflian (oððe?) sanda . . . twá sanda genihtsumiaþ sufficere credimus cocta duo pulmentaria . . . duo pulmentaria cocta sufficiant, R. Ben. Interl. 70, 11-15. v- next word.
syfling, e; f. Food to be eaten with bread :-- Syflyncge pulmentario (pulmentarium quilibet cibus extra panem, Migne), Hpt. Gl. 494, 57. Ðǽr feóll ádúne wearm hláf mid his syflinge, Homl. Th. ii. 136, 18. Sind ða twá gesetnyssa, ðæt is sealmsang and wítegung, swylce hí syflinge wǽron tó ðám fíf berenum hláfum, ðæt is tó ðám fíf ǽlícum bócum, i. 188, 19. v. sufel, and two preceding words.
sýfre; adj. Sober, not giving way to appetite or passion, pure, temperate, circumspect :-- Sýfre (sýfer, Wrt., but see Anglia viii. 451) abstinens, Wrt. Voc. i. 51, 8. Gif ðú drincst wín gemetlíce, sýfre (sobrius) ðú byst, Scint. 105, 17. Se mynstres hordere sí wís sýfre and ná oferettol cellerarius monasterii sit sapiens, sobrius, non multum edax, R. Ben. 54, 8. Sig se abbod clǽne and sýfre and mildheort oportet eum esse castum, sobrium, misericordem, 118, 26. Sidefull man . . . gesceádwís and sýfre, Homl. Th. i. 596, 32. Fæste ðæt mód sýfre jejunet ut mens sobria, Hymn. Surt. 63, 3. Séfre, 2, 32: 27, 17. Mid sýfrum andgyte, Homl. Skt. ii. 23 b, 78. Swá swá Petrus cwæð: 'Beóþ sýfre and wacole' be sober, be vigilant (1 Pet. 5, 8), Homl. Th. ii. 448, 8. Clǽne and rihte and séfre castique recti ac sobrii, Hymn. Surt. 19, 5. Ða clǽnheortan . . . ða ðe heora líchaman geclǽnsiaþ mid sýfrum þeáwum, Homl. Skt. ii. 23 b, 43. Clǽnust and sýfrust (sincera) gebedes átihtincg, Scint. 35, 14. [O. Sax. súbri: O. H. Ger. súbar, súbiri mundus: Ger. sauber: Du. zuiver clean, neat.] v. un-sýfre.
syge (better (?) sige), es; m. Sight, aim (?):--Scyppend hafa ðé tó hyhte and á sóð tó syge ðonne ðú secge hwæt have God as your hope, and ever truth as your aim, when you say anything, Exon. Th. 304, 2; Fä. 64. [Cf. (?) Icel. sigta to aim at.]
sýl, e; f. A pillar, column :-- Sc̃s Arculfus sagaþ ðæt hé gesáwe on Hierusalem áne sýle . . . ðonne seó sunne byþ on ðæs heofones mydle ðonne nafaþ seó sýl nǽnige sceade . . . and swá ða dagas forð on sceortiaþ, swá byþ ðære sýle sceade lengra. Ðeós sýl cýþeþ ðæt Hierusalem ys geseted on myddre eorðan, Shrn. 95, 30-96, 5, 8. In sýle wolcnes in columna nubis, Ps. Surt. 98, 7. Ðære méder wæs on slǽpe ætýwed . . . ðæt hyre man stunge áne sýle on ðone bósum, 149, 2. Ercoles sýla Herculis columnae, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 8, 26. Ðæt feoh ðe hié wiþ ðám sýlum sellan woldon, 4, 12; Swt. 210, 4. Ic getrymede sýle his confirmavi columnas ejus, Ps. Surt. 74, 4. [O. Frs. séle: O. L. Ger. O. H. Ger. súl columna: Icel. súla a pillar. Cf. Goth. sauls a pillar.] Cf. syll.
syl = sylh, syl = syll. v. sulh, syll.
syla ( = sylha), an; m. A ploughman :-- Syla arator, Hpt. Gl. 461, 72.
sylen a gift, sylf, sylfor, sylfren. v. selen, self, seolfor, seolfren.
Syles eá Selsey; insula vituli marini, Bd. 4, 13; S. 583, 8. v. seolh.
sylfring (should be given under seolfring), es; m. A silver coin :-- Þreó hund sylfringa trecentos argenteos, Gen. 45, 22.
sylh, Sýl-hearwa. v. sulh, Sigel-hearwa.
sylian; p. ede To sully, soil, pollute, defile :-- Hé on unscyldgum eorla blóde his sweord selede (cf. besyled, Bt. 16, 4; Fox 58. 18), Met. 9, 60. Sió sugu hí wille sylian on hire sole æfter ðæm ðe hió áðwægen biþ, Past. 54; Swt. 419, 27. [Þis sunne suleð þi sawle, H. M. 35, 15. Blind mon To þare diche his dweole fulieþ (follows) And falleþ and þar one sulieþ, O. and N. 1240. Mi sawle mit sunne isulet, Marh. 3, 14. Isuled, A. R. 396, 1. O. Sax. sulian: O. H. Ger. bi-sullen. Cf. O. Frs. sulenge soiling: Goth. bi-sauljan to defile.] v. be-sylian; solian, sulian, sol, syle.
syll, e; sylle, an; f. I. a beam that serves as a foundation or support, a sill, a basis, support :-- Grundstánas cementum, syll basis, fótstán fultura, Wrt. Voc. i. 61, 47-49. Syl basis, post postis, 86, 28, 29: ii. 10, 74: 101, 54. Syl taber, i. 289, 48. Copsus syl, securis [æx?], ii. 133, 9. Cobsus syl, ætx [æcx [securis]?], 22, 48. Getimbrung aedificium, post basis, sylle postis vel fulcimentum, i. 47, 19-21. Ðá wolde hé hús timbrian mid his gebróðra fultume. Ðá bæd hé hí ánre sylle, ðæt hé mihte ðæt hús on ða sæ-acute;healfe mid ðære underlecgan. Ða gebróðra him behéton, ðæt hí woldon ðæt treów him gebringan. Ðá cómon hí and wurdon ðæs treówes ungemyndige; ac God him ða sylle ásende mid ðam sæ-acute;lícum flóde, Homl. Th. ii. 144, 31-146, 4. Ðæ-acute;r fram sylle (from the plank to which it was fixed) ábeág medubenc monig, Beo. Th. 1555; B. 775. Æ-acute;rest man ásmeáþ ðæs húses stede, and eác man ðæt timber beheáwþ, and ða syllan man fægere gefégþ, and ða beámas gelegþ, and ða ræftras tó ðære fyrste gefæstnaþ, Anglia viii. 324, 8. II. figurative, a support, foundation :-- Ðonne hí ne beóþ mid nánre sylle underscotene ðæs godcundlícan mægenes nullis fulti virtutibus, Past. 1; Swt. 27, 17. [Sulle bassis, Wrt. Voc. i. 95, 38. Sylle of an howse silla, soliva, Prompt. Parv. 456. Til he came to the selle, upon the flore, Chauc. C. T. 3820. Icel. syll and sylla a sill: Dan. syld: Swed. syll. Cf. Goth. ga-suljan to lay a foundation: O. H. Ger. swelli; n. basis: Ger. schwelle. Also (?) Lat. solea.]
syll ploughs, sylla a giver. v. sulh, sella.
sylla ( = sella? borrowed from Latin?), an; m. A saddle :-- Sylla sella, sadolfelt pella, sadolboga carpella, Wrt. Voc. i. 291, 14-16.
sýlla, syllan, syllend, syl-líc, sylofren, syltan. v. sél, sellan, sellend, seld-líc, seolfren, siltan.
sylu, e, an; f. A miry place :-- Syle, sylen volutabra, Hpt. Gl. 486, 51. Syle, 506, 54. Ðis sint ða denstówa, bróchyrst and beaddan syla, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. ii. 318, 30. v. sol, sylian, syl-weg.
syl-weg, es; m. A miry way (?):--On sylweg; andlang weges on ða hǽðihtan leáge, and swá on ðæt fúle slóh, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 262, 22. v. syle.
sýma, sýman, symbel continual. v. séma, síman, simbel.
symbel, symel, es; n. I. a feast, banquet, entertainment :-- Him (Adam and Eve) . . . and hyra eaferum swá wearð sárlíc symbel, Exon. Th. 226, 15; Ph. 406. Him (the blessed) is symbel and dreám, 353, 12; Sch. 96. Se becom tó Prisce, ðǽr hé deófolgeldum geald. Ðá gelaþode hé hine tó his symble. Ðá sǽde Marcellus him ðæt hé wǽre cristen, and him nǽre álýfed ðæt hé birgde ðara hǽþenra symbles, Shrn. 125, 28-31. Swefan æfter symble, Beo. Th. 238; B. 119. Symle, 2020; B. 1008. Ðonne árás hé fram ðam symle surgebat a media coena, Bd. 4, 24; S. 597, 7. Ðæt hám weorud tó symble gesomnod wæs and hé sæt mid him æt ðam symble vicani coenantes epulabantur, resedit et ipse cum eis ad convivium, 3, 10; S. 534, 26-28. Sittan æt symble, Exon. Th. 413, 27; Rä. 32, 12: 314, 16; Mód. 15. Sittan tó symble, Cd. Th. 259, 33; Dan. 701: Beo. Th. 4214; B. 2104. Symle, 982; B. 489. Tó ðam symle, Judth. Thw. 21, 12; Jud. 15. Ðǽr is Dryhtnes folc geseted tó symle, Rood Kmbl. 279; Kr. 141. Symbel (prandium) mín ic gearuade, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 22, 4. Herodes symbel (cenam) worhte, Mk. Skt. Lind. 6, 21. Hé hét beran on ðæt hús manegra cynna symbel, Shrn. 152, 25. Hé geaf mé sinc and symbel, Beo. Th. 4853; B. 2431. Symbel (ge)þicgan, 1242; B. 619: 2025; B. 1010. Symbel ymbsittan, 1132; B. 564. Symbel habban epulari, Ps. Th. 67, 2. Symbel ne álégon feasts failed no, Exon. Th. 352, 34; Reim. 5. Hwǽr cwom symbla gesetu? hwǽr sindon seledreámas, 292, 2; Wand. 93. Ðá wæs symbla mǽst geworden, 34, 31; Cri. 550: Beo. Th. 2469; B. 1232. Ðonne gecerres from symblum quando reuertatur a nuptis, Lk. Skt. Lind. Rush. 12, 36. II. a feast, religious festival :-- Ðerh ðone dæg symbles (symbel, Lind.) per diem festum, Mk. Skt. Rush. 15, 6. Ðý ylcan dæge ealra wé healdaþ sancta symbel, Menol. Fox 397; Men. 200. [O. Sax. sumbal a feast, banquet: Icel. sumbl a banquet.]
symbel; adj. Of a feast or festival :-- Simbel onsáh dæg sollempnis urgebat dies, Hymn. Surt. 96, 1. Gesettaþ dæg symbelne constituite diem sollemnem, Ps. Lamb. 117, 27. Dæg symbelne hý dóþ ðé diem festum agent tibi, Ps. Spl. 75, 10. Ealle dagas simle omnes dies festos, 73, 9. v. symbelness.
symbel-calic, es; m. A chalice for use at festivals or at the solemnity of the Mass. v. symbelness, II:--Ic an Ðeódréd mín wíte massehakele ðe ic on Pauie bouhte and simbelcalice, Chart. Th. 515, 18.
symbel-cenness, e; f. The festival of a person's birth :-- Of his synibelcenn' de ejus natalicio, Rtl. 80, 17. Symbelcen' ðæt ué ðerh brúca natalicio perfrui, 78, 21. Symbelcenn' natalitiis, 93, 25. Ðaes symbelcennise wé bigóaþ cujus natalitia colimus, 65, 8: 79, 18. Symbelcen', 56, 13: 67, 8. [The meaning seems to require that the two parts of the compound should be separated, but the absence of inflexion in symbel where datives occur in the Latin seems to require the compound.]
symbel-dæg, es; m. I. a feast-day, a day of a banquet :-- Æfter symbeldæge, Andr. Kmbl. 3052; An. 1529. Hé his líchoman wynna forwyrnde, symbeldaga, Exon. Th. 111, 34; Gú. 136. II. a festival, day of a religious feast :-- Symbeldæg dies festus, Bd. 1, 27; S. 497, 1. Com ðyder mycel menigo for ðon symbeldæge, Blickl. Homl. 99, 29: Homl. Th. ii. 242, 21: Ps. Th. 117, 25. Se biscop sæt sume symbeldæge on ðære cierecan, Shrn. 78, 26. Ðone mǽron symbeldæg Drihtnes upstiges, Blickl. Homl. 131, 10. On symmeldæge (symbel-, MS. A.) per diem festum, Mk. Skt. 15, 6. His symbeldæg (natalitia) wé mérsiaþ, Rtl. 44, 28. Ic ðé symbledæg (diem festum) sette, Ps. Th. 75, 7. Symbeldagas dies festos, 73, 8.
symbel-gál; adj. Wanton with feasting :-- Se ðe him wínes glæd wilna brúceþ, siteþ him symbelgál, Exon. Th. 449, 30; Dóm. 79.
symbel-geféra. v. simbel-geféra.
symbel-gereorde, es; n. A feast, banquet :-- Biþ seó án snǽd sélre mycle tó þicganne ðonne him sýn seofon daga symbelgereordu, Salm. Kmbl. 816; Sal. 407.
symbel-gifa, an; m. A feast-giver :-- Sáwla symbelgifa (the Deity), Andr. Kmbl. 2833; An. 1419.
symbel-hús, es; n. A banqueting-hall, dining-room :-- Hé æteóweþ iów symbelhús (cenaculum) micel, Lk. Skt. Rush. Lind. 22, 12.
symbel-líc; adj. Of a feast or festival, solemn :-- Dæge symellícum die sollempni, Anglia xiii. 390, 354. Gebedu symellíce orationes sollempnes, 417, 750. Daegas symbellíce dies festos, Ps. Surt. 73, 8.
symbellíce; adv. Solemnly :-- Symbellíce solempniter, Rtl. 9, 7: 48, 40: Anglia xiii. 402, 539. Simbollíce, R. Ben. Interl. 98, 10.
symbelmónaþ-líc; adj. Pertaining to a month in which a solemnity was celebrated (?); the word translates comitiales in the gloss:--Ða symbelmónaðlícan ádla comitiales, Wrt. Voc. ii. 20, 39.
symbelness, e; f. Festivity, solemnity :-- Symmelnysse festivitate, solemnitate, Hpt. Gl. 496, 17. Semelnyssa solemnia, festivitates, 500, 7. I. festivity, feasting :-- Ðǽr ðurhwunaþ seó éce bliss; ne byþ ðǽr hungor ne þurst. . ., ac háligra symbelnys ðǽr þurhwunaþ á bútan ende, Wulfst. 143, 2. Symbelnes, Blickl. Homl. 65, 21. Hwǽr beóþ ðonne ða symbelnessa and ða ídelnessa and ða ungemetlícan hleahtras? 59, 17. II. a religious festival or solemnity :-- Æftersanga symbolnys matutinorum sollempnitas, R. Ben. Interl. 43, 2. In dege mérum symbelnisse (sollemnitatis) eówerre, Ps. Surt. 80, 3. Symelnysse, Ps. Spl. 80, 3. On ðære Eástorlícan tíde symbelnysse in ipso tempore festi Paschalis, Bd. 3, 24; S. 557, 40. On ludéa symbelnysse (festivitate) wǽron geworden Drihtnes ǽfengereordu, Homl. Ass. 153, 40. Gérlíco symbelnise annua solemnitate, Rtl. 49, 25. Cuman tó ðære mæssan symbelnysse, L. E. I. 24; Th. ii. 420, 36: Bd. 1, 27; S. 496, 43: 2, 4; S. 505, 22. Ða symbelnessa mæssena sollemnia missarum, 4, 22; S. 592, 20. II a. festive nature :-- Ðonne ealle dagas áteoriaþ, ðonne þurhwunaþ hé (Sunday) aa on his symbelnysse (it continues ever in its character of festival), Anglia viii. 310, 28.
symbel-tíd, e; f. A religious festival or solemnity :-- Árwyrðe symbeltíd veneranda solemnitas, Rtl. 65, 1, 8. Eádges apostoles symbeltíde (festivitate), 47, 9. Symbbeltíd solempnitatem, 2, 27. Heald ða symbeltíde ðæs mónðes frumsceatta ðínes weorces, Ex. 23, 16. Árwyrðo symbeltído, Rtl. 49, 4. Symbeltídum sollennitatibus, 80, 31. Symeltídum, Anglia xiii. 397, 452. Symbeltído solemnia, Rtl. 49, 13: 50, 15: natalicia, 49, 25: 53, 1. Symbeltíde festa, 54, 11.
symbel-wérig; adj. Weary with feasting :-- Wer (Noah) wíne druncen swæf symbelwérig, Cd. Th. 94, 19; Gen. 1564. Him symbelwérig (Abimelech) synna brytta þurh slǽp oncwæð, 159, 26; Gen. 2640.
symbel-wlanc; adj. Elate with feasting :-- Siteþ symbelwlonc, lǽteþ wíne gewǽged word út faran, Exon. Th. 315, 32; Mód. 40.
symbel-wynn, e; f. The pleasure of feasting, the delight of the feast :-- Gá nú tó setle, symbelwynne dreóh, Beo. Th. 3569; B. 1782.
symblan; p. ede; and symblian; p. ode To feast :-- Hú mǽre ðín folc is, ǽlce dæge hit symblaþ, Ps. Th. 22, 7. Hió ofer hire suna symblaþ and blissaþ, 112, 8. Se weliga se ðe on ðæm godspelle gesǽd is ðætte ǽlce dæge symblede . . . Ða ðe ǽlce dæg symblaþ dives ille, qui epulatus quotidie dicitur splendide . . . epulando quotidie, Past. 43; Swt. 309, 3-9. Rihtwíse symbliaþ justi epulentur, Ps. Spl. C. 67, 3. Se weliga ǽlce dæge symblede (simblede, Cott. MSS.) dives epulabatur quotidie splendide, Past. 45; Swt. 337, 24. Mid ðý hí lange symbledon cum diutius epulis vacarent, Bd. 3, 10; S. 534, 30. Utan simblian epulemur, Wrt. Voc. ii. 143, 62. Symblendra swég sonus epulantis, Ps. Th. 41, 4.
symble, symblian, symel. v. simble, symblan, symbel.
symering-wyrt, e; f. The name of some plant :-- Simæringcwyrt (symeringc-, Wrt. Voc. i. 79, 12) malua crispa, Ælfc. Gl. Zup. 310, 12. Simeringwyrt viola, Wrt. Voc. i. 68, 67.
symle, symlian, symlinga, symmel-dæg, sýn be, sýn sight, syn- ever-, v. simble, simblian, simblunga, symbel-dæg, sí, sín, sin-.
syn[n], e; f. I. with reference to human law or obligation, misdeed, fault, crime, wrong :-- Se cyning his feóndum swíþe árede . . . Ðyslíc wæs seó syn (culpa) ðe se cyning fore ofslegen wæs, Bd. 3, 22; S. 553, 21. Hié georne smeádon hwæt sió syn wǽre ðe hié gefremed hæfdon wið ðam cásere, Elen. Kmbl. 828; El. 414. Ne synn ne sacu ne sár wracu nec scelus infandum, . . . aut Mars, aut ardens caedis amore furor, Ex. Th. 201, 10; Ph. 54. Ðá wæs synn and sacu Sweóna and Geáta then was there wrongdoing and strife between Swedes and Geats, Beo. Th. 4935; B. 2472. Senne facinus, Hpt. Gl. 519, 22. Synne stǽlan to charge with crime, Menol. Fox 569; Gn. C. 54. II. with reference to divine law, sin :-- Heora synn (peccatum) ys swíðe gehefegod, Gen. 18, 20. Hé onfunde Godes ierre . . . ðeáh hé wénde ðæt hit nán syn nǽre, Past. 4; Swt. 39, 6. Seó geofu wæs broht for ðære synne ðæs ǽrestan wífes . . . and seó synn wæs ádilegod, Blickl. Homl. 5, 4-6. Syn, 3, 7. Mænige líf bútan leahtre (crimine) habban mágon, bútan synne (peccato) hí ná mágon, Scint. 230, 12, Ælc ðe synne (peccatum) wyrcþ is ðære synne (peccati) þeów, Jn. Skt. 8, 34. Se ðe déþ áweg middaneardes synnæ (peccatum; synna, MS. A.: synne, MS. B. Lind. Rush.), 1, 29. Se hæfþ máran synne (synn. Lind.), 19, 11. Synne ne áspringaþ sins cease not, Exon. Th. 94, 11; Cri. 1538. Beóþ ðæs mannes synna gecwémran ðonne eal eorþlíc goldhord, Blickl. Homl. 43, 21. Wé fela sinna didon, Hy. 7, 106. On synnum geboren, Jn. Skt. 9, 34. Of synnum mínum clǽnsa mé, Ps. Spl. 50, 3. Sennum, Ps. C. 38. Andettan synna, Mt. Kmbl. 3, 6. Senna, Blickl. Homl. 43, 14. [O. Sax. sundia: O. Frs. sende: O. H. Ger. sunta peccatum, culpa, noxa, nefas: Icel. synd.] v. fyrn-, heáh-, níd-syn[n].
syn-bót, e; f. Amends for sin, penance :-- Bisceopum gebyreþ ðǽt hí ne beón tó feohgeorne æt synbóte, ne on ǽnige wísan on unriht ne strýnan, L. I. P. 10; Th. ii. 316, 32.
syn-byrðen[n], e; f. The burden of sin :-- Hí synbyrþenne, firenweorc beraþ, Exon. Th. 79, 34; Cri. 1300. Ne þearf ðæs nán man wénan ðæt his líchama móte ða synbyrþenna on eorþscrafe gebétan, Blickl. Homl. 109, 31.
syn-bysig; adj. Troubled in consequence of sin :-- Hé heteswengeas fleáh ond ðǽrinne fealh secg synbysig, Beo. Zup. 2227.
syn-cræft, es; m. A sinful art :-- Ne syncræftas (scyn-, other MS.) wé ne onhyrgen, Wulfst. 253, 10.
syn-dǽd, e; f. A sinful deed, sin, wicked act :-- For syndǽda ðara eardendra ðe hire on lifdan a malitia inhabitantium in ea, Ps. Th. 106, 33. Se deófol ða syndǽda stǽleþ on ða gástas, Wulfst. 256, 7.
synder-ǽ; f. A separate, private law, law for an individual :-- Syndurae privilegium, Rtl. 190, 19, col. 2. [O. H. Ger. suntar-éwa privilegium.]
synder-líc; adj. Separate, special, private :-- And ðære synderlíc[an] ac privata, Wrt. Voc. ii. 9, 10. Ða synderlícan privatam, 75, 56. I. that is apart, separate, remote :-- On senderlícum hulce in remoto (separato) tugurio, Hpt. Gl. 465, 43. II. private, that is done apart, not public :-- Ða heáfodmenn on synderlícum geþeahte ðone sceat him sealdon, and bǽdon, ðæt hí sǽdon, ðæt ðæs Hǽlendes líc him wurde forstolen . . . Hí námon ðone sceatt, and swá þeáh on synderlícum rúnungum ðæt riht 3 Q 2 eall rǽdon, Homl. Ass. 79, 156-161. II a. private, without distinction, ordinary :-- On synderlícum dagum (cf. on weorcdagum in contrast to freólstídum, R. Ben. 37, 5; 36, 9) diebus privatis, R. Ben. Interl. 43, 2. III. that belongs to an individual or that is adapted to a particular purpose, not in common, special, peculiar, proper :-- Seó gesceádwísnes is synderlíc cræft ðære sáwle, Bt. 33, 4; Fox 132, 10. Synderlíc gifu praerogativa, Hpt. Gl. 466, 42. Næfde se Fæder nán ðing synderlíces búton his Suna the Father had nothing not in common with his Son, Homl. Th. ii. 366, 12. Heora nán næfde siððan nán þingc sinderlíces, ac didon him eal gemǽne, L. Ælfc. P. 20; Th. ii. 370, 36. For synderlícum wurðmente privilegium, singularem honorem, Hpt. Gl. 411, 30. Ðes miccla wurðmynt nis ná ealra manna, ac on synderlícum wurðmynte ðám gesǽligum mǽdenum and ðám clǽnum cnapum, Homl. Ass. 41, 431. Ánra gehwylc ðara apostola biþ geseted tó his synderlícre stówe, Blickl. Homl. 143, 23. Hé ða syx dagas ǽr his þrowunga synderlíc weorc ǽlce dæge cýþde, 71, 30. God sealde heora ǽlcum synderlíce sprǽce, Ælfc. T. Grn. 4, 11. Ðonne wé for synderlecum synnum synderleca hreówsunga dóþ, Past. 53; Swt. 413, 28. Sume naman syndon specialia, ðæt synd synderlíce, ða ðe beóþ tódǽlede fram ðam gemǽnelícum, Ælfc. Gr. 5; Zup. 14, 6. IV. separated by superiority, singular, excellent, specially good :-- Ðys is synderlíc lǽcedóm wið eágena dymnysse, Lchdm. i. 178, 8. Synderlícere singulari, speciali, Hpt. Gl. 431, 23. v. sundor-líc.
synderlíce; adv. I. apart, away from all others, in private :-- Synderlíce (separatim) hine Petrus and Iacobus and Iohannes and Andreas áhsodon, Mk. Skt. 13, 3. II. where many things are to be distinguished from each other, separately, severally, apart :-- Se án monn ongitt ðæt ðæt hé on óþrum ongit synderlíce (in several ways); hé hine ongit þurh ða eágan synderlíce, þurh ða eáran synderlíce, ðurh his rǽdelsan synderlíce, ðurh gesceádwísnesse synderlíce, Bt. 41, 5; Fox 252, 16-19. Synderlíce ánne gehwylcne hád God and hláford andettan wé synt geneádede singulatim unamquamque personam Deum et dominum confiteri compellimur, Ath. Crd. 19. Hine synderlíce ǽlc man beheóld, Homl. Skt. i. 23, 625. Ðara is ánra gehwylc synderlíce xxxtigum ðúsendum dǽla lengra ðonne eal middangeard, Salm. Kmbl. p. 150, 13. Heora ǽghwylc be heom sylfum synderlíce ðus cwæð, Homl. Ass. 162, 243. III. where one thing is to be distinguished from others of the same kind, specially, in particular (as opposed to generally):--Wé nemnaþ ealle ðing ǽgðer ge synderlíce ge gemǽnelíce; synderlíce be ágenum naman, Eadgarus; gemǽnelíce, rex cyning, Ælfc. Gr. 5; Zup. 8, 9-11. Animal is ǽlc ðing ðe orðaþ; ðonne is synderlíce homo man, equus hors . . .; gemǽnelíce arbor treów; synderlíce uitis wíntreów, Zup. 14, 8-10. Þeáh heó synderlíce Iohannes gýmene betǽht wǽre, hwæðere heó drohtnode gemǽnelíce mid ðam apostolícum werode, Homl. Th. i. 438, 31: ii. 112, 18-22. Hwí ne cwæð ðæt hálige gewrit be ðam men synderlíce, ðæt hé gód wǽre, swá swá hit cwæð mænigfealdlíce be ðám óþrum gesceaftum, ðæt hí góde wǽron? Boutr. Scrd. 19, 18. IV. where the reference is to a single person or circumstance, only, exclusively, solely, to or by one's self :-- Ðæt word belimpþ synderlíce tó Gode ánum that phrase belongs exclusively to God alone, Homl. Th. ii. 236, 12. Hé him synderlíce (to himself; or (?) synderlíce, adj., wíc being used in plural) wíc getimbrede ipse sibi monasterium construxit, Bd. 3, 19; S. 547, 30. Sume men ðæs wóses synderlíce (by itself) brúcaþ, Lchdm. i. 178, 11. Hú mæg ðǽr synderlíce ánes ríces monnes nama cuman non fama hominum singulorum pervenire queat, Bt. 18, 2; Fox 64, 1. Ðæt hors ic ðé synderlíce (specialiter) tó ǽhte geceás, Bd. 3, 14; S. 540, 28. Mæssige man áne mǽssan sinderlíce for ðare neóde, ðe ús nú on handa stent, Wulfst. 181, 24. Hí hæfdon ǽlce dæge heora wítena gemót, and wǽron gesette synderlíce tó ðam ða senatores, Jud. p. 161, 32. Ná synderlíce for ðære ðeóde non tantum pro gente, Jn. Skt. 11, 52. Synderlíce on hyhte ðú gesettest mé singulariter in spe constituisti me, Ps. Spl. 4, 10. Ðonne hié synderlíce ðenceaþ hú hié selfe scylen fullfremodeste weorðan . . . mið ðý hí bereáfiaþ hié selfe ðara góda ðe hié wilniaþ synderlíce habban cum sua lucra cogitant, ipsis se, quae privata habere appetant, bonis privant, Past. 5; Swt. 41, 22-43, 1: Swt. 45, 14. Nówuht him selfum synderlíce wilnian nihil proprium quaerere, 13; Swt. 77, 26. Senderlíce (a Domino) proprie (uxor prudens, Prov. 19, 14), Kent. Gl. 692. V. where degree is marked, specially, exceedingly, to a greater extent than in any other case, singularly :-- Syndirlíce excellenter, Rtl. 47, 1. Nalles ná ðæt án ðæt hé gód doo gemang óðrum monnum ac eác synderlíce suá suǽ hé on ðyncðum biþ furður ðonne óðre ðæt hé eác sié on his weorcum suá micle furður ut non solum sit ejus operatio utilis, sed etiam singularis . . . sicut honore ordinis superat, ita etiam morum virtute transcendat, Past. 14; Swt. 81, 22. Sum bróþor synderlíce mid godcunde gyfe gemǽrsod (specialiter insignis), Bd. 4, 24; S. 596, 30. Hé him synderlíce wilnade ðæt wuldor, 5, 7; S. 620, 32. Hé hine lufode synderlíce, Homl. Th. i. 58, 6. Is synderlíce eallum Godes folce beboden ðæt hí heora gebeda lufian and ælmessan dǽlan, Homl. Ass. 164, 5. Se ðe synderlíce Cristes dýrling wæs, 151, 11. Ieremias ys úre wítega synderlíce, Ælfc. T. Grn. 9, 35. [Sunderliche, 0. E. Homl. i. 11, 21: 13, 1: 261, 3: A. R. 90, 5. O. H. Ger. sunderlícho signanter, singulariter.] v. sundorlíce.
synderlícness, e; f. Singularity, peculiarity :-- Forlǽtenre synderlícnysse omissa specialitate (singularitate, peculiaritate), Hpt. Gl. 413, 62.
synder-lípe; adj. Special, singular, separate :-- Senderlípes speciali, Hpt. Gl. 522, 63. Senderlípum speciali, singulari, 450, 66. Synderlýpum peculiaribus, Anglia xiii. 369, 62. Cf. án-lípe, and see next word.
synder-lípes; adv. Separately, singly :-- Sindorlípes singillatim, R. Ben. Interl. 47, 5. Senderlípes, Hpt. Gl. 484, 7. v. sundor-lípes.
synder-weorðtmynt a special honour, prerogative :-- Synderwurðmynt praerogativa, Wrt. Voc. i. 54, 61. Cf. sundor-weorþung.
syndig; adj. Skilled in swimming (?):--Sum byþ rynig; . . . sum on londe snel, féðe spédig; sum fealone wǽg stefnan steóreþ . . .; sum biþ syndig, Exon. Th. 296, 28; Crä. 58. v. sund, I, II, and cf. Icel. syndr able to swim.
-synd-líc, syn-dolh, syndon. v. gesynd-líc, sin-dolh, sind.
syndrian; p. ode To sunder, separate :-- Eorþena langnyss ná syndraþ (separat), ða ðe sóð lufu geþeód, Scint. 5, 13. Se ðe syndraþ fram leahtre, R. Ben. Interl. 117, 3. Ðæt God gegeadrade, monn ne suindria (separet), Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 19, 6. v. á-, ge-, tó-syndrian; sundrian.
syndrig; adj. I. separate, alone, not joined with others :-- Ic mé syndrig eom singulariter sum ego, Ps. Th. 140, 12. Wiþ fefre hylpþ syndrigo marubie tó drincanne to drink marrubium alone, Lchdm. ii. 134, 27. Heáfdehtes porres [croppan] syndrigne sele þicgan, 230, 11. Nim syndrig sealt oððe wið weaxhláfsealfe gemeng, 246, 9. Áwyl ða wyrte and syndrigea betonican, neftan, etc., 76, 18. I a. standing apart, not accessible (?); cf. synder-líc, I:--Hé (Hannibal) com tó Alpis ðǽm muntum . . . and ðone weg geworhte ofer munt Iof (munti fór MS. C.). Swá ðonne hé tó ðæm syndrigum stáne com ðonne hét hé hiene mid fýre onhǽtan and siþþan mid mattucan heáwan ad Alpes pervenit. . . atque invias rupes igni ferroque rescindit, Ors. 4, 8; Swt. 186, 18. II. special, set apart for a particular purpose :-- Sáwlsceat vel syndrig Godes lác dano (dona ?), Wrt. Voc. i. 28, 44. Ða Senatores dæghwamlíce smeádon on ánum sindrian húse, Jnd. p. 161, 33. III. special, singular, extraordinary, remarkable for an unusual quality or for the unusual degree in which some quality exists :-- Ðæt is syndrig cynn, symle biþ ðý heardra ðe hit sǽstreámas swíðor beátaþ, Cd. Th. 80, 6; Gen. 1324. Him ðá wæs syndrig ege ðǽr him ǽr wæs seó mǽste wyn, Ors. 2, 8; Swt. 92, 32. Míne þrié ða getreówestan frýnd ða wǽron míne syndrige treówgeþoftan (my special confidants), Nar. 29, 28. IV. of that which concerns a single person, private, own; proprius, privatus:--God, ðæm syndrig (proprium) is ðætte hé gimilsage, Rtl. 40, 19. Syndriges propriae, 33, 30. Be ðam ðæt munecas syndrige ǽhte næbben . . . Nǽnig nán ðing syndries ne áge si debeant monachi proprium habere . . . Ne quis presumat aliquid habere proprium, R. Ben. 56, 15-19: L. P. 15; Th. ii. 322, 10. Fíf hída syndries landes . . . fíf hída gemǽnes landes, Cod. Dip. B. iii. 395, 28. Æfter syndrig mægn secundum propriam virtutem, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 25, 15: Ps. Th. 97, 2. Syndrige wyrðmenta privilegia, Hpt. Gl. 517, 1. Suindrig propria, Mt. Kmbl. p. 3, 9. From syndrigum ex propriis, Jn. Skt. Lind. 8, 44. Standan on syndrigum gebedum to be engaged in private devotions, Homl. Skt. ii. 26, 115. In syndrige in propria, Jn. Skt. Lind. 16, 32. V. separate, several, sundry, each separately :-- Moyses gebletsode ða twelf mǽgða ǽlce mid sindrigre bletsunge, Deut. 33, 5. Hé syndrigne ácsode hwylces geleáfan hí wǽron cujus essent fidei singuli, inquirebat, Bd. 4, 17; S. 585, 13. Hwylcne ende syndrigo ðing (singula) hæbbende synd, 5, 23; S. 646, 6. Hig eodon and syndrie (singuli) férdon on hyra ceastre, Lk. Skt. 2. 3. Ongunnon suindrige (or adv. ?) éghwelc (singuli) cwoeða, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 26, 22. Ic syndrigra (singulorum) hús and bedd geseah, Bd. 4, 25; S. 601, 9. Hé syndrigum geárum (annis singulis) hine neósode, 4, 29; S. 607, 12. Hig gesamnodon hig be sindrigum mǽgðum, Jos. 7, 16. Hé syndrigum (singulis) hys hand on settende hig gehǽlde, Lk. Skt. 4, 40. Scíp ceigeþ syndrigum nomum oues uocat nominatim, Jn. Skt. Lind. 10, 3. Suindrigum his suá hwælc ðú eftsettes singulis sua quaeque restitues, Mt. Kmbl. p. 3, 11: p. 4, 7. Þurh syndrige ðíne andsware ic ongeat, Bd. 4, 22; S. 591, 39. V a. in a distributive sense, one a-piece, one each :-- Ðá onféngon hig syndrige penegas (cf. ǽlc his pening, v. 9, the Latin in each case being singulos denarios), Mt. Kmbl. 20, 10. On septem epistolas canonicas ic sette syndrie béc (libros singulos), Bd. 5, 24; S. 648, 13. Dile, mintan and merce, syndrige sceafas geseóð, Lchdm. ii. 188, 24: 228, 26. [O. H. Ger. sunderig separatus, singularis, privatus, peculiaris.]
syndrige; adv. I. apart, separately, by one's self :-- Hé gefoerde in stówe unbýed syndrige (seorsum), Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 14, 13: Mk. Skt. Lind. 4, 34. Syndrige áuunden separatim involutum, Jn. Skt. Lind. 20, 7. II. singly, one at a time :-- Ða ongunnon cuoeða him swyndria (singillatim), Mk. Skt. Lind. 14, 19. Ongunnon suindrige (or adj.?) éghwelc (singuli) cwoeða, Mt. Kmbl. Lind. 26, 22. [O. H. Ger. sunderigo separatim, seorsum, specialiter.]
syndrigend-líc; adj. Separating:--Adverbia discretiva synd syndrigendlíce, Ælfc. Gr. 38; Zup. 229, 7.
syndrig-líc; adj. Special, singular, peculiar :-- Twegen cynelíce cnihtas mid syndriglícre (speciali) Godes gyfe wǽron gesigefæste, Bd. 4, 16; S. 584, 20. v. next word.
syndriglíce; adv. I. specially, particularly :-- ðæt hálige gewrit cýþeþ and syndriglíce (specialiter) Paules epistola, Bd. 1, 27; S. 489, 2. II. singly, severally, one by one, of each one :-- Hé syndriglíce (singillatim) wæs fram him eallum frignende, Bd. 2, 13; S. 515, 40.
-syndrung. v. á-syndrung divortium, Wrt. Voc. ii. 28, 26.
syndur-ae, -sýne, syne-wealt. v. synder-ǽ, -síne, seonu-wealt.
syn-fáh; adj. Stained with sin :-- Synfá men, Exon. Th. 67, 3; Cri. 1083.
syn-full; adj. Sinful; used substantively, a sinner :-- Synful peccator, Wrt. Voc. i. 86, 63. ðæt synfull gesyhþ peccator videbit, Ps. Th. 111, 9. Ic eom synfull (synn-, Lind.) mann homo peccator sum, Lk. Skt. 5, 8. Synful, Jn. Skt. 9, 16. Þeáh ðe se mæssere synfull sý, L. Ecg. C. 7; Th. ii. 140, 1. ðonne se synfulla his líf geendaþ, Blickl. Homl. 61, 2. Beó ðú milde mé synfullum, Lk. Skt. 18, 13. ðæt gé gebiddan for mé ðam unwyrðestan synfullan, Anglia xi. 103, 95. On ðisse synfulran (peccatrice) cneórisse, Mt. Skt. 8, 38. ða synfullan (synn-, Cott. MSS.) bytledon uppe on mínum hrygge, Past. 21; Swt. 153, 9: Blickl. Homl. 71, 35. Geseald on synfulra hand, Mt. Kmbl. 26, 45. Synnfullum mannum tǽcan, Blickl. Homl. 43, 15. Þeófas and synfulle men, 75, 28. Gesete him synfulle tó ealdrum constitue super eum peccatorem, Ps. Th. 108, 5. [Icel. synd-fullr.]
syngian; p. ode To sin :-- Ic syngige committo, admitto, Ælfc. Gr. 37; Zup. 221, 8. Ic eom se lyðra man, se syngige swíðe genehhe, Hy. 3, 42. Ic singie nitende peccavi nesciens, Num. 22, 34. Gyf ðín bróðor syngaþ wið ðé si peccaverit in te frater tuus, Mt. Kmbl. 18, 15, 21. Ic ánum ðé syngode tibi soli peccavi, Ps. C. 47. Ðá sǽde him Plenius ðæt hé wóh bude, and miclum on ðǽm syngade, Ors. 6, 10; Swt. 264, 28. Wé singodon on úrum bréðer peccavimus in fratrem nostrum, Gen. 42, 21. Ne synga ðú non moechaberis, Ex. 20, 14. Ðe læs gé syngien (nelle gé syngian, Ps. Lamb.), Ps. Th. 4, 5. Se unrihtwísa cwyð ðæt hé wylle syngian (ut delinquat), 35, 1: Past. 17; Swt. 109, 17. Singian, Homl. Skt. i. 1, 88. Wið God singian in Deum peccare, Gen. 39, 9. Geopenian ðǽm syngiendum hiera unryht, Past. 15; Swt. 91, 11. Ðæt hié óþre syngiende rihtaþ, Blickl. Homl. 63, 24. [Hwenne þe muð suneʒeð on muchele ete, O. E. Homl. i. 153, 31. Þu sunegest . . . we sunegieð, 17, 20, 36. Heo sunegede . . . heo makede him sunegen, A. R. 56, 1, 4. Þatt mann ne sinnʒheþþ nohht, Orm. 3970. Ine þri maneris me may zeneʒi, Ayenb. 20, 4. Ho so syngeþ (synegeþ, synneþ), Piers P. C-text, 11, 26. O. Sax. sundión: O. H. Ger. sunteón: Ger. sündigen: Icel. syndga.] v. for-, ge-syngian.
syngig (?); adj. Sinful :-- Hwí flíhst ðú mé forealdodne syngigan (synnigan ?), Homl. Skt. ii. 23 b, 192.
syn-grin the toil or snare which a sin constitutes :-- Ðæt ús deófol of rihtan wege þurh deriende þýstra belǽdan ne mǽge, ne mid syngrinum tó swíðe gehremman not hamper us too much with the snares of sin, Btwk. 196, 19. Ðonne mæg se biscop ðæs mannes syngrina (the toils of sin in which he is involved) þurh Godes þafunge ðe swýðor gelíðian, Wulfst. 155, 26.
syngung, e; f. Sinning :-- Ús is swíðe þearle tó éfstanne ðæt wé bewépan ðæt wé ǽr tó yfele gedydon, and ofer ðis ðære syngunge geswícan, Homl. Ass. 149, 137.
syn-leahter, es; m. A sinful fault, a sin :-- Forbúgan ða synleahtras ðe ús forbodene synd, ðæt is unrihthǽmed and ǽrǽtas and oferdruncennessa, Wulfst. 134, 24.
syn-leás; adj. Sinless, without sin :-- Hwylc eówer sí synleás (sine peccato), Jn. Skt. 8, 7. Crist þrowade for ús synleás, Wulfst. 121, 14: 151, 5. Ne biþ nǽfre nán man leahterleás ne synleás ealra þinga, 233, 24. Biþ oft synleás yfel geðoht ðǽm gódum plerumque boni innoxie tentantur ad culpam, Past. 54; Swt. 423, 3. Úre Drihten gescóp Adam háligne and clǽnne and synleásne, Wulfst. 153, 13. [O. Sax. sundi-lós.]
syn-léw, -leáw, e; f. A sinful injury :-- Hér syndan þurh synleáwa sáre geléwede tó manege on earde, Wulfst. 165, 25. v. léw, lim-lǽw.
syn-líc; adj. Sinful :-- Hé sceal scyldan cristenum mannum wið ǽlc ðara þinga ðe synlíc biþ, L. I. P. 7; Th. ii. 312, 24. Anbúgan tó nánum fúllícum and synlícum luste, Past. 14; Swt. 83, 15. Fyrenlusta and synlícra dǽda á má and má, Wulfst. 56, 7. Wé geáxiaþ nǽnig gód áwunigende and ealle worldlícu þing swíþe synlícu, Blickl. Homl. 109, 3. [Wǽron swíðe hefige and sinlíce gewinn betwux ðam Cásere of Sexlande and his sunu, Chr. 1106; Erl. 241, 23.] [O. H. Ger. sunt-líh facinorosus, peccatorius: Icel. synd-ligr.]
synlíce; adv. Sinfully, wickedly :-- Hí sóhton synlíce sáwle míne, Ps. Th. 62, 8. Ða hǽðnan synlíce heora ða leásan godas mid mislícum deófolgeldum him laþodan on fultum, Blickl. Homl. 201, 30. Ðæs lífes ðe ðú mid leahtrum hafast ofslegen synlíce, Exon. Th. 90, 26; Cri. 1480. Se cyng and ða heáfodmenn lufedon swíðe and oferswíðe gítsunge on golde and on seolfre and ne róhtan hú synlíce hit wǽre begytan, Chr. 1086; Erl. 220, 6, 12. [O. H. Ger. suntlícho impie.]
syn-lust, es; m. Sinful pleasure or desire, lust :-- Ic wæs swíðe onǽled mid ðære hátheortnysse ðæs synlustes, ðæt ic gewilnode bútan ceápe ðæt hí mé tó geurnon, Homl. Skt. ii. 23 b, 337. Crist lǽrde, ðæt gehwá synnluste fæste wíðstóde; Antecrist lǽrþ, ðæt gehwá his luste georne fulgange, Wulfst. 55, 11. Ða hlíwðe ðe hé ǽer þurh synlust gefremode, L. Edg. C. 16; Th. ii. 284, 5: Exon. Th. 17, 12; Cri. 269. Mancyn ðe nú is in ídelum gylpe and on synnlustum beswicen, Wulfst. 182, 13. Synlustum, Blickl. Homl. 57, 23. Synlustas fremman, Dóm. L. p. 30, 53.
synnicge (-ecge), an; f. A sinner, a sinful woman; peccatrix:--Seó (Mary Magdalen) wæs ǽrest synnecge, Shrn. 107, 10.
synnig; adj. I. in a religious sense, sinful, wicked :-- Ánra gehwylc, sóðfæst ge synnig, Exon. Th. 233, 11; Ph. 523. Se feónd and se freónd . . . synnig and gesǽlig, Elen. Kmbl. 1908; El. 956. Synnig wið sáwla nergend, Andr. Kmbl. 1841; An. 923. Hwí swigast ðú, synnigu tunge, Dóm. L. 67. Ðæs synnigan mód peccantis mentem, Past. 46; Swt. 357, 10. Sleáþ synnigne ofer seolfes múð, Andr. Kmbl. 2601; An. 1302. Synnig cynn (the people of Sodom), Cd. Th. 152, 35; Gen. 2531. Háliges láre synnige ne swulgon, Andr. Kmbl. 1419; An. 710. Beóþ ða syngan flǽsc scandum þurhwaden, Exon. Th. 78, 31; Cri. 1282. Fyrenfulra ðreát, heáp synnigra peccatores, Ps. Th. 91, 6: Cd. Th. 145, 17; Gen. 2407. Hé biþ ðám yflum egeslíc tó geseónne, synnegum monnum, Exon. Th. 57, 18; Cri. 920. Syngum hondum, 70, 3; Cri. 1133: 84, 21; Cri. 1377. Ðú ðe ús synnige ádrife fram dóme, Ps. Th. 107, 10. Hí hyra synnigan breóst beátaþ, Wulfst. 138, 12. Monige æfter ðæs líchoman scylde hí swá micle fæsðlícor gestaðoliaþ on gódum weorcum swá hí hí selfe synnigran ongietaþ, Past. 52; Swt. 411, 3. II. in a legal sense, guilty, culpable. v. scyldig:--Scyldig ɫ synnig reus, Mk. Skt. Lind. 14, 64. Synnig culpabilis, Rtl. 102, 7. Gif ceorl ceáp forstelþ . . . biþ se his dǽél synnig (scyldig, MS. H.) bútan ðam wífe ánum, L. In. 57; Th. i. 138, 17. Se ðe þeóf ofslihþ, se mót gecýðan mid áðe ðæt hé hine synnigne (scyldigne, MS. B.) ofslóge, 16; Th. i. 112, 8. Mon synnigne gefón æt openre scylde, 37; Th. i. 124, 22. [O. Sax. sundig: O. H. Ger. suntig peccator, damnosus, noxius: Icel. syndigr.] v. bær-, fela-, firen-, lyge-, un-synnig.
synnigness, e; f. Sinfulness, guilt [:--Deáðsynnignise reatum, Rtl. 42, 33.]
syn-rǽs, es; m. A sinful impulse :-- Þence hé swíðe georne hwæt tó bóte mǽge ongeán ǽlcne synrǽs, ðe þurh deófles sǽd ǽr wearð áweaxen, L. Pen. 16; Th. ii. 284, 9.
syn-rust, es; m. The foulness of sin :-- Synrust þweán and ðæt wom ǽrran wunde hǽlan to wash away the foulness of sin and to heal the scar of the former wound, Exon. Th. 81, 9; Cri. 1321. [Cf. the line in the Cathemerinon of Prudentius, 'quod limat aegram pectoris rubiginem.' v. Mod. Lang. Notes, May, 1889. Cf. also synne rust peccati rubigo, Scint. 4, 14.] Cf. syn-wund.
syn-sceaþa, an; m. One who wickedly does harm, a malefactor, criminal, miscreant :-- Se synscaþa sceaþena þreáte éhstreám sóhte, Exon. Th. 282, 31; Jul. 671. Hié ne móste se synscaþa (Grendel) under sceadu bregdan, Beo. Th. 1418; B. 707. Ðone synscaðan gúðbilla nán grétan nolde, 1607; B. 801. Ða synsceaðan (the heathens) Godes tempel brǽcan and bærndon, Exon. Th. 44, 21; Cri. 706. Metod beslóh synsceaþan (the apostate angels) sigore and gewealde, Cd. Th. 4, 17; Gen. 55. Cf. mán-sceaþa.
syn-scyldig; adj. Guilty of sin, wicked :-- Heortan wyrmas synscyldigra ceorfaþ and slítaþ vermes scelerum mordebunt intima cordis, Dóm. L. 168.
synt, -synto. v. sind, ge-synto.
syn-wracu, e; f. The punishment of sin :-- Biþ him (those in hell) synwracu andweard, ðæt is éce cwealm, Exon. Th. 94, 15; Cri. 1540. Ðære synwræce siþþan sceoldon mægð and mæcgas morþres ongyldon, 153, 27; Gú. 832. Ic ne heóld teala, ðæt mé Hǽlend mín bibeád; ic ðæs sceal geseón synwræce, 50, 2; Cri. 794.
syn-wrǽnness. v. sin-wrǽnness.
syn-wund, e; f. A wound inflicted by sin :-- Ne syndon náne swá yfele wunda swá syndon synwunda, forðam þurh ða forwyrð se man écan deáðe, L. Pen. 4; Th. ii. 278, 17. Wé á sculon ídle lustas, synwunde, forseón, Exon. Th. 47, 18; Cri. 757.
syn-wyrcende working sin, sinning, working iniquity :-- Synwyrcende (the devil), Elen. Kmbl. 1884; El. 944. Synwyrcende (operantes iniquitatem), ða ðe unrihtes ǽghwær þenceaþ, Ps. Th. 140, 11. Ansýna synnwyrcendra facies peccatorum, 81, 2.
sype, es; m. Suction :-- Seó eorþe ðæt wæter helt and be sumum dǽle swilgþ, and for ðam sype heó biþ geleht, Bt. 33, 4; Fox 130, 6: Met. 20, 97. Cf. súpan, and next word.
sypian to take in moisture :-- Glædenan rinde lytelra gedó þreó pund on glæsfæt; gedó ðonne ðæs scearpestan wínes tó .v. sestras, ásete ðonne on háte sunnan . . . ðæt hit sipige and socige .iiii. dagas, Lchdm. ii. 252, 11. Cf. súpan, and preceding word.
sypian (?), sipian (?); p. ode To delay, be slow :-- Hé (a sick person) sipaþ and árísþ tricabit et surget, Lchdm. iii. 151, 2, 19, 28. (The reference is to an illness which begins on the 5th, 17th, or 27th day of the month.) Sypigende senescens, frigescens, Germ. 397, 345.
sýr, in the gloss grundswylige, sýr senecio, Wrt. Voc. i. 68, 42, seems to have a meaning similar to that of swylige. v. sur.
Syras, syrc, syrede(-on). v. Syre, serc, sirwan.
Syre, Syrie(?); pl. The Syrians :-- Antiochus Sira cyning, Ors. 4, 11; Swt. 204, 24. Sennacherib Syria cyning, Homl. Th. i. 568, 2, 28. [Goth. Saur: O. H. Ger. Syr Syrus.] v. Syr-ware.
syretum latibulum( = (?) syrwetum latibulis; and see siru-tún), Wrt. Voc. ii. 54, 27.
syrfe, an; f. A service-tree; sorbus :-- Of caweldene tó ðære syrfan; ðonne of ðære syrfan tó healwícum, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. v. 262, 13. Ðonon tó ðan wón stocce; and ðǽr tó wuda; ðonon on ða syrfan, vi. 234, 26. v. next word.
syrf-treów, es; n. A service-tree; sorbus :-- In ðæt syrftreów; of ðam syrftreów in ðæt rúge mapel-treów, Cod. Dip. Kmbl. iii. 379, 22.
Syria (?) Syria :-- Godes engel ofslóh ðæs Syrian cyninges here, Homl. Th. i. 570, 2. [Goth. Syria, Saura.]
sýring, e; f. Butter-milk :-- Hwæg serum, sýring raptura, rynning coagulum, Wrt. Voc. i. 27, 68-70. Sýring baptua, ii. 12, 64. Sceáp-hyrdes riht is ðæt hé hæbbe bléde fulle hweges oððe sýringe ealne sumor, L. R. S. 14; Th. i. 438, 25. Cýswyrhtan gebyreþ ðæt heó of wring-hwæge buteran macige tó hláfordes beóde, and hæbbe ða sýringe ealle búton ðæs hyrdes dǽle, 16; Th. i. 438, 33. [Cf. Icel. sýra sour whey used as a drink instead of small beer.]
-syringas in Exsyringas, Exon. Th. 323, 22; Víd. 82.
Syrisc; adj. Syrian :-- Naaman se Sirisca, Lk. Skt. 4, 27. Hí bǽdon Godes gescyldnysse wið ðone Syriscan here, Homl. Ass. 107, 170. [O. H. Ger. Sirisc Arabicus.]
Syro-fénisc; adj. Syro-phoenician :-- Wíf Sirofénisces cynnes, Mk. Skt. 7, 26. [Goth. Saurini-fynikisks.]
syrwa, syrwan. v. siru, sirwan.
Syr-ware; pl. The people of Syria, Syrians :-- Syrwara lond Syria Exon. Th. 209, 6; Ph. 166.
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