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Latin: Base Form Dictionary

This Base Form Dictionary index lists, in an alphabetical order suitable to the language and the script employed for it, every unique base form underlying one or more surface (word) forms in lesson texts. For each base form a general meaning (if any) is shown, along with links to every usage, in every numbered lesson, of the associated surface forms. With this index, one may click on any link to perform a quick "usage look-up," and thereby study how surface forms in texts are constructed from base forms.

A new, experimental feature is being introduced to these EIEOL lessons, namely the addition of pointers to Proto-Indo-European roots identified by Julius Pokorny in his monumental work, Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (2 vols. Bern: Franke, 1959-1969; reprinted in 1989). Because Pokorny is becoming increasingly outdated, we may revise these links in the future; however, for the time being, this information might prove interesting to those who are curious about Indo-European etymology. Notice of potential error is always welcome.

<ab> from, after -- [Pokorny apo-, pō̆, ap-u, pu :: off, out of, away from]   -- <abditus, abdita, abditum> hidden place -- [Pokorny 2. dhē- :: to do, put, place, set]   -- <ac> and -- [Pokorny 1. ad- :: at, by, to]   -- <acceptō, acceptāre, acceptāvī, acceptātum> receive -- <accidō, accidere, accidī, -> fall to, come, happen -- <accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum> receive -- <accurate> carefully -- <acies, aciei> line of battle -- [Pokorny 2. ak̑-, ok̑- :: sharp, acute, angular; stone]   -- <actus, actus> gesture, expression -- [Pokorny ag̑- :: to lead, drive, agitate]   -- <ad> to, towards -- [Pokorny 1. ad- :: at, by, to]   -- <adeo> so, so much -- <adeō, adīre, adiī, adītum> approach, encounter -- <adferō, adferre, attulī, adlātum> bring, convey -- <adficiō, adficere, adfēcī, adfectum> afflict -- <adfīrmō, adfirmāre, adfirmāvī, adfirmātum> confirm -- <adhibeō, adhibēre, adhibuī, adhibitum> turn to, treat -- <adiungō, adjungere, adjūnxī, adjūnctum> add -- <administer, administri> administrator -- <administrō, administrāre, administrāvī, administrātum> administer, conduct -- <admittō, admittere, admīsī, admīssum> let, go, commit -- <admīror, admirārī, admirātus sum> admire -- <admodum> completely -- <adsiduus, adsidua, adsiduum> constant, continued -- <adsuēscō, adsuescere, adsuescēvī, adsuescētum> accustom -- <adsum, adesse, adfuī> be present -- <advena, advenae> stranger, foreigner -- <adveniō, advenīre, advenī, adventum> arrive, appear -- <adventus, adventus> arrival, coming -- [Pokorny gā-, gem- :: to come, go]   -- <adversus> opposite to, against -- [Pokorny 3h. u̯er-, u̯er-t- :: to turn, wind, invert]   -- <advertō, advertere, advertī, adversum> turn to, note -- <adulescens, adulescentis> young people -- <aedificium, aedificii> building -- <aedificō, aedificāre, aedificāvī, aedificātum> build -- <Aeneas, Aeneae> Aeneas -- <aeque> equally -- <aequitas, aequitatis> uniformity, calmness -- <aequō, aequāre, aequāvī, aequātus> to make equal, smoothe -- <aes, aeris> metal, copper, money -- [Pokorny ai̯os- :: ore, metal (copper, bronze, iron)]   -- <aestus, aestus> heat -- [Pokorny ai-dh-, i-dh-, nasalized i-n-dh- :: to burn, shine]   -- <affectio, affectionis> affection -- <ager, agri> land -- [Pokorny ag̑- :: to lead, drive, agitate]   -- <agō, agere, ēgī, āctum> move, conduct -- [Pokorny ag̑- :: to lead, drive, agitate]   -- <agricultura, agriculturae> agriculture -- <alacritas, alacritatis> delight -- <Albanus, Albana, Albanum> Alban -- <Albinus, Albini> Albinus -- <albus, alba, album> white -- [Pokorny albho- :: white, albino]   -- <Alcuinus, Alcuini> Alcuin -- <alienus, aliena, alienum> foreign, unfitting -- [Pokorny 1. al-, ol- :: beyond; other, alien]   -- <alio> somewhere else -- <aliquamdiu> for a while -- <aliqui, aliqua, aliquod> some, any -- <aliquis, aliquis, aliquid> anyone -- [Pokorny 1. al-, ol- :: beyond; other, alien]   -- <alius, alia, aliud> other, some -- <alter, altera, alterum> the one, the other -- [Pokorny 1. al-, ol- :: beyond; other, alien]   -- <altivolans, altivolantis> high flying -- <altus, alta, altum> high, deep -- [Pokorny 2. al- :: to grow, nourish, enhance]   -- <ambactus, ambacti> dependent -- [Pokorny ag̑- :: to lead, drive, agitate]   -- <amicitia, amicitiae> friendship -- [Pokorny am(m)a, amī̆ :: mama, amah (nursery word)]   -- <amictus, amictus> outer garment -- [Pokorny ambhi, m̥bhi :: around, at both sides]   -- <amplius> great, distinguished -- [Pokorny 1. am-, mē- :: to grab, seize]   -- <Anchises, Anchisae> Anchises -- <animus, animi> soul, mind -- [Pokorny 3. an(ə)- :: to breathe, respire, animate]   -- <annus, anni> year -- [Pokorny at- :: to go; year, annum]   -- <ante> before -- [Pokorny ant-s :: brow, front, anterior]   -- <antiquus, antiqua, antiquum> ancient -- [Pokorny ant-s :: brow, front, anterior]   -- <aperiō, aperīre, aperuī, apertum> open -- [Pokorny apo-, pō̆, ap-u, pu :: off, out of, away from]   -- <aperte> openly -- [Pokorny apo-, pō̆, ap-u, pu :: off, out of, away from]   -- <apertus, aperta, apertum> open -- [Pokorny apo-, pō̆, ap-u, pu :: off, out of, away from]   -- <appāreō, apparēre, apparuī, -> be visible, seem -- [Pokorny pā̆r- :: to show, be visible]   -- <appellō, appellāre, appellāvī, appellātum> call -- [Pokorny 2a. pel-, pelə- : plā- :: to drive, propel, set in motion]   -- <apud> among, with -- [Pokorny 1. ap-, more accurately əp- : ēp- :: to take, reach, grasp]   -- <arma, armorum> arms -- [Pokorny 1. ar-, thematic (a)re-, heavy-base arə-, rē-, and i-base (a)rī̆-, rēi- :: to fit, suit]   -- <armatus, armata, armatum> armed -- [Pokorny 1. ar-, thematic (a)re-, heavy-base arə-, rē-, and i-base (a)rī̆-, rēi- :: to fit, suit]   -- <ars, artis> skill, art -- [Pokorny 1. ar-, thematic (a)re-, heavy-base arə-, rē-, and i-base (a)rī̆-, rēi- :: to fit, suit]   -- <artus, artus> joints, limbs -- [Pokorny 1. ar-, thematic (a)re-, heavy-base arə-, rē-, and i-base (a)rī̆-, rēi- :: to fit, suit]   -- <arx, arcis> citadel, fortress -- [Pokorny areq- :: to lock, guard, protect]   -- <asper, aspera, asperum> rough, harsh -- [Pokorny 1. sp(h)er-, sp(h)erə- :: to rush, push away, act rashly, etc.]   -- <astronomia, astronomiae> astronomy -- [Pokorny 2. stē̆r- :: star]   -- <at> and -- [Pokorny ati, ato- :: over, beyond]   -- <atque> and -- [Pokorny 1. ad- :: at, by, to]   -- <attribuō, attribuere, attribuī, attribūtum> assign -- <audeō, audēre, ausus sum> dare to do -- [Pokorny 7. au̯-, au̯ē-, au̯ēi- :: to like, help]   -- <audiō, audīre, audīvī, audītum> hear -- [Pokorny 8. au̯-, au̯ēi- :: to perceive, understand, be aware of]   -- <Aventinus, Aventini> Aventine -- [Pokorny 9. au̯(e)-, au̯ed-, au̯er- :: to wet, flow, sprinkle; water, river, etc.]   -- <augurium, augurii> interpretation of omens, augury -- [Pokorny au̯eg-, u̯ōg-, aug-, ug- :: to augment, increase, magnify]   -- <avidus, avida, avidum> eager -- [Pokorny 7. au̯-, au̯ē-, au̯ēi- :: to like, help]   -- <avis, avis> bird -- [Pokorny au̯ei-, əu̯ei-? :: bird, avifauna]   -- <aureus, aurea, aureum> golden -- [Pokorny au̯es- :: to shine]   -- <auspicium, auspicii> divination by the flight of birds -- [Pokorny spek̑- :: to watch, inspect, spy on]   -- <aut> or -- [Pokorny 4. au-, u- : u̯ē̆-, u̯o- :: other; that (one)]   -- <autem> but -- [Pokorny 4. au-, u- : u̯ē̆-, u̯o- :: other; that (one)]   -- <bellum, belli> war -- [Pokorny dāu-, dəu-, dū̆- :: to burn, injure, torment]   -- <belua, beluae> wild animal, monster -- <brachium, brachi> lower arm -- <Brittania, Brittaniae> Britain -- <caedes, caedis> murder -- [Pokorny (s)k(h)ai-, (s)k(h)ai-d-, (s)k(h)ai-t- :: to cuff, kick]   -- <caelestis, caelestis, caeleste> celestial -- [Pokorny stā- : stə- :: to stand]   -- <caelum, caeli> sky, heavens -- [Pokorny (s)kāi- :: bright, shining]   -- <caementum, caementi> quarry-stone -- [Pokorny (s)k(h)ai-, (s)k(h)ai-d-, (s)k(h)ai-t- :: to cuff, kick]   -- <Caesar, Caesaris> Caesar -- <campus, campi> plain, open field -- [Pokorny kam-p- :: to bend]   -- <candidus, candida, candidum> clear -- [Pokorny kand-, skand-, and Indo-Iranian (s)kend- :: to glow, shine; bright, candent]   -- <canō, canere, cecinī, cantum> sing -- [Pokorny kan- :: to sing, chant, sound]   -- <capiō, capere, cēpī, captum> take, seize -- [Pokorny kagh- : kogh- :: to sew, plait, etc.]   -- <carcer, carceris> prison, starting-place in a race-course -- <caro, carnis> meat -- [Pokorny 4. (s)ker-, (s)kerə-, (s)krē- :: to cut, shear, score, scribe]   -- <caseus, casei> cheese -- [Pokorny ku̯at(h)- :: to ferment, become sour]   -- <casus, casus> fall, misfortune, chance -- <causa, causae> cause, reason -- <cernō, cernere, crēvī, certum> discern, see -- [Pokorny 4. (s)ker-, (s)kerə-, (s)krē- :: to cut, shear, score, scribe]   -- <certō, certāre, certāvī, certātum> fight, contend -- <certus, certa, certum> certain -- [Pokorny 4. (s)ker-, (s)kerə-, (s)krē- :: to cut, shear, score, scribe]   -- <cervical, cervicalis> pillow -- [Pokorny 1. k̑er-, k̑erə- : k̑rā-, k̑erei-, k̑ereu- :: horn, head, upper part of body]   -- <cetera> otherwise -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <ceteri, ceterae, cetera> other -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <cēdō, cedere, cessī, cessum> go from, depart -- [Pokorny sed- :: to sit, set, settle]   -- <circum> around -- [Pokorny 3. (s)ker- :: to bend, curve, turn]   -- <circumdō, circumdare, circumdedī, circumdātum> surround -- [Pokorny dō- : də-, also dō-u- : dəu- : du- :: to give, donate]   -- <circumferō, circumferre, circumtūlī, circumlātum> carry around -- [Pokorny 1. bher- :: to bear, bring, carry]   -- <circumspectō, circumspectāre, circumspectāvī, circumspectātum> look around -- [Pokorny spek̑- :: to watch, inspect, spy on]   -- <citra> on this side of, without -- [Pokorny k̑o-, k̑e-, with the particle k̑e, k̑(e)i-, k̑(i)i̯o- :: this; here]   -- <civitas, civitatis> state -- [Pokorny 1. k̑ei- :: to lie, recline; camp, home]   -- <clamor, clamoris> shout -- [Pokorny 6. kel-, k(e)lē-, k(e)lā-, or kl̥̄-? :: to call, cry]   -- <cliens, clientis> retainer -- [Pokorny k̑lei- :: to lean, incline, tip (over)]   -- <Cocles, Coclitis> Cocles -- <codicelli, codicellorum> notebook -- [Pokorny kāu-, kəu- :: to hew, cut, hit]   -- <coeo, coīre, coivī, coitum> come together, be assembled -- <cognatio, cognationis> blood-relations, kindred -- [Pokorny 2. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to ken, know, recognize]   -- <cognitus, cognita, cognitum> known -- [Pokorny 2. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to ken, know, recognize]   -- <cognomentum, cognomenti> surname -- [Pokorny 2. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to ken, know, recognize]   -- <cohaerens, cohaerentis> continuous, adjoining -- <colligō, collēgī, colligere, collēctum> collect -- <colonus, coloni> farmer, settler -- [Pokorny 1. kel-, kelə- :: to turn; wheel; neck?]   -- <color, coloris> color -- [Pokorny 4. k̑el- :: to hide, conceal]   -- <colō, colere, coluī, cultum> dwell in, cultivate -- [Pokorny 1. kel-, kelə- :: to turn; wheel; neck?]   -- <commercium, commerci> commerce -- <commodus, commoda, commodum> used adverbially = complete, advantageous -- <commoveō, commovēre, commōvī, commōtum> move -- <commūnicō, commūnicāre, commūnicāvī, commūnicātum> communicate -- <commūtō, commūtāre, commūtāvi, commūtātum> change, exchange -- <computō, computāre, computāvī, computātum> compute -- <concēdō, concedere, concessī, concessum> grant, allow -- <concilium, concilii> council, assembly -- <concurrō, concurrere, concurrī, concursum> assemble, come together -- <condō, condere, condidī, conditum> found -- [Pokorny 2. dhē- :: to do, put, place, set]   -- <conexus, conexa, conexum> adjoining -- <conloquium, conloqui> conference -- <consilium, consilii> counsel with capere -- <consilium, consilii> counsel -- [Pokorny 3. sel- :: to grab, seize, take]   -- <consuetudo, consuetudinis> custom, way of life -- <consul, consulis> consul -- [Pokorny 3. sel- :: to grab, seize, take]   -- <contentus, contenta, contentum> content -- <contineō, continēre, continuī, contentum> connect, maintain -- <contra> opposite, facing -- [Pokorny kom :: at, by, cum, with, alongside]   -- <controversia, controversiae> controversy -- [Pokorny kom :: at, by, cum, with, alongside]   -- <copia, copiae> abundance, wealth -- [Pokorny 1. op- :: to work, perform, operate, bring about]   -- <copiosus, copiosa, copiosum> rich -- [Pokorny 1. op- :: to work, perform, operate, bring about]   -- <cor, cordis> heart -- [Pokorny k̑ered- : k̑erd-, k̑ērd-, k̑r̥d-, k̑red- :: heart]   -- <corpus, corporis> body -- [Pokorny 1. krep-, kr̥p- :: form; corpse, body]   -- <cōgō, cōgere, coēgi, cōactum> collect, compel -- <cōnfīrmō, cōnfīrmāre, cōnfīrmāvī, cōnfīrmātum> make firm, strengthen -- <cōniciō, conicere, coniēcī, coniectum> throw -- <cōnor, conārī, conātus sum> attempt, aim -- [Pokorny 4. ken- :: to strain, strive eagerly]   -- <cōnserō, cōnserere, cōnseruī, cōnsertum> connect -- <cōnsistō, cōnsistere, cōnstitī, cōnstitum> stand still, consist in -- <cōnspiciō, conspicere, conspēxī, conspectum> perceive -- [Pokorny spek̑- :: to watch, inspect, spy on]   -- <cōnstituō, cōnstituere, cōnstituī, cōnstitūtum> decide -- <crebro> frequently, often -- <cremō, cremāre, cremāvī, cremātum> burn -- [Pokorny 3. ker(ə)- :: to burn]   -- <cultus, cultus> care, culture -- <cum> since, when -- <cum> with -- [Pokorny kom :: at, by, cum, with, alongside]   -- <cunctor, cunctāri, cunctātus sum> hesitate with sunt -- [Pokorny k̑enk-, k̑onk- :: to hang, sway, dangle]   -- <cunctus, cuncta, cunctum> all -- [Pokorny kēi- :: to move, set in motion]   -- <cupiditas, cupiditatis> desire -- [Pokorny keu̯əp- : ku̯ēp-, ku̯əp-, kū̆p-, and occasionally keu̯(e)p-, k(e)u̯ep- :: to boil, cook, smoke]   -- <cupiō, cupere, cupīvī, cupītum> desire -- [Pokorny keu̯əp- : ku̯ēp-, ku̯əp-, kū̆p-, and occasionally keu̯(e)p-, k(e)u̯ep- :: to boil, cook, smoke]   -- <cura, curae> care -- [Pokorny kois- :: to cure, worry, care for]   -- <curiosus, curiosa, curiosum> diligent -- <currus, currus> chariot -- [Pokorny 2. k̑ers- :: to run, course]   -- <cursus, cursus> course -- [Pokorny 2. k̑ers- :: to run, course]   -- <cūrō, cūrāre, cūrāvī, cūrātum> care -- [Pokorny kois- :: to cure, worry, care for]   -- <de> from, about -- [Pokorny de-, do- :: I-deictic; here]   -- <dea, deae> goddess -- [Pokorny 1. dei-, dei̯ə-, dī-, di̯ā- :: to shine, glitter; day, sun; god, deity]   -- <decretum, decreti> decision -- <deditus, dedita, deditum> devoted, addicted -- [Pokorny dō- : də-, also dō-u- : dəu- : du- :: to give, donate]   -- <deinde> then -- <delectatio, delectationis> pleasure, delight -- [Pokorny 1. lēk- : lək- :: tendril; trap]   -- <desum, deesse, defuī> be lacking -- [Pokorny es- :: is, to be]   -- <deus, dei> god -- [Pokorny 1. dei-, dei̯ə-, dī-, di̯ā- :: to shine, glitter; day, sun; god, deity]   -- <dextra, dextrae> right hand -- [Pokorny 1. dek̑- :: to take]   -- <dēcernō, decernere, decrēvī, decrētum> decide -- [Pokorny 4. (s)ker-, (s)kerə-, (s)krē- :: to cut, shear, score, scribe]   -- <dēferō, deferre, detulī, delātum> report -- [Pokorny 1. bher- :: to bear, bring, carry]   -- <dēfodiō, defossere, defōdī, defossum> dig deep, hide -- [Pokorny 1. bhedh- :: to dig, stab, pierce, embed]   -- <dēmigrō, dēmigrāre, dēmigrāvi, dēmigrātum> withdraw -- [Pokorny 3. mei- :: to go, wander]   -- <dēsiliō, dēsilīre, dēsiluī, dēsultus> jump down -- <dētrahō, detrahere, dētraxī, detractum> take off, remove -- [Pokorny dherāgh- :: to drag, pull]   -- <dētrūdō, dētrūdere, dētrūsī, dētrūsum> dislodge -- [Pokorny tr-eu-d- :: to thrust, push, press, squash]   -- <dēvoveō, dēvovēre, dēvōvī, dēvōtum> devote -- [Pokorny eu̯egh- :: to praise, worship, avow, speak formally]   -- <diaco, diaconis> deacon -- <dialectica, dialecticae> logic -- [Pokorny leg̑- :: to gather, collect]   -- <dicaculus, dicacula, dicaculum> effusive -- <dies, diei> day -- [Pokorny 1. dei-, dei̯ə-, dī-, di̯ā- :: to shine, glitter; day, sun; god, deity]   -- <differō, differre, distulī, dīlātum> differ -- [Pokorny 1. bher- :: to bear, bring, carry]   -- <diligenter> industriously -- <discernō, discernere, discrēvī, discrētum> separate, divide -- [Pokorny 4. (s)ker-, (s)kerə-, (s)krē- :: to cut, shear, score, scribe]   -- <disciplina, disciplinae> discipline, education -- [Pokorny 1. dek̑- :: to take]   -- <discō, discere, didicī, -> learn -- [Pokorny 1. dek̑- :: to take]   -- <dissensio, dissensionis> dissension -- <diu> long -- <diversus, diversa, diversum> contrary, diverse -- <dives, divitis> rich -- <divinus, divina, divinum> divine, sacred -- <dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum> say, state, declare -- [Pokorny deik̑- :: to teach, show]   -- <dīstinguō, dīstinguere, dīstinxī, dīstinctum> divide, distinguish -- [Pokorny (s)teig- :: to stick, prick; sharp]   -- <doceō, docēre, docuī, doctum> teach -- [Pokorny 1. dek̑- :: to take]   -- <doctor, doctoris> teacher -- [Pokorny 1. dek̑- :: to take]   -- <doctrina, doctrinae> teaching -- [Pokorny 1. dek̑- :: to take]   -- <doctus, docta, doctum> learned -- [Pokorny 1. dek̑- :: to take]   -- <doleō, dolēre, doluī, dolitum> suffer, be angry -- [Pokorny 3. del-, dol-, delə- :: to split, divide]   -- <domesticus, domestica, domesticum> domestic -- [Pokorny dem-, demə- :: to build, timber; house, domicile]   -- <dominus, domini> lord, master -- [Pokorny dem-, demə- :: to build, timber; house, domicile]   -- <domus, domi> house -- [Pokorny dem-, demə- :: to build, timber; house, domicile]   -- <dō, dare, dedī, dātum> give -- <druides, druidum> Druids -- <dum> while -- [Pokorny de-, do- :: I-deictic; here]   -- <duo, duae, duo> two -- [Pokorny du̯ō(u) :: two, duo]   -- <duritia, duritiae> hardship -- [Pokorny deru-, dō̆ru-, dr(e)u-, drou-, dreu̯ə- : drū- :: firm, solid; tree, wood]   -- <dux, ducis> leader -- [Pokorny deuk- :: to tug, pull, drag, tow]   -- <dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductum> lead, consider -- [Pokorny deuk- :: to tug, pull, drag, tow]   -- <effingō, effingere, effinxī, effīctum> form -- [Pokorny dheig̑h- :: to build, knead clay]   -- <ego> I -- [Pokorny eg̑-, eg̑(h)om, eg̑ō :: ego, I (pronoun)]   -- <eloquentia, eloquentiae> eloquence -- [Pokorny tolk- :: to speak]   -- <enim> for, indeed -- [Pokorny eno-, possibly e-no- : ono- : no- : -ne- :: that]   -- <eques, equitis> horseman, knight -- [Pokorny ek̑u̯o-s :: horse]   -- <error, erroris> wandering -- [Pokorny 2. ere-s-, ers-, r̥s-, eres-, and rē̆s-, rō̆s- :: to flow]   -- <et> and -- [Pokorny eti :: out, beyond, etc.]   -- <etiam> also, even -- [Pokorny eti :: out, beyond, etc.]   -- <Etruscus, Etrusca, Etruscum> Etruscan -- <ex> out of, from -- [Pokorny eg̑hs, eg̑hz :: from, out of, ex-]   -- <exeō, exire, exiī, exitum> go out, leave -- [Pokorny 1. ei- :: to go, exit]   -- <exercitus, excercitus> army -- <exin> after that, then -- [Pokorny 1. al-, ol- :: beyond; other, alien]   -- <existimō, existimāre, existimāvī, existimātum> judge, consider -- <exorior, exorīrī, exortus sum> arise, appear -- [Pokorny 3. er- : or- : r- :: to move, set in motion]   -- <expellō, expellere, expulī, expulsum> drive out -- [Pokorny 2a. pel-, pelə- : plā- :: to drive, propel, set in motion]   -- <exprimō, exprimere, expressī, expressum> express -- [Pokorny 3. per-, per-g- :: to hit, kill]   -- <exquisitus, exquisita, exquisitum> exquisitely -- <exspectō, exspectāre, exspectāvī, exspectātum> wait for -- [Pokorny spek̑- :: to watch, inspect, spy on]   -- <extendō, extendere, extendī, extēnsum> extend -- [Pokorny 1. ten-, tend- :: to span, stretch, extend]   -- <exterior, exterioris> outer -- [Pokorny eg̑hs, eg̑hz :: from, out of, ex-]   -- <exūberō, exūberāre, -, -> be abundant -- <ēdiscō, ēdiscere, ēdidici, -> learn, memorize -- [Pokorny 1. dek̑- :: to take]   -- <ēdomō, edomāre, edomuī, ēdomitum> conquer, subdue -- [Pokorny dem-, demə- :: to build, timber; house, domicile]   -- <ēdō, ēdere, ēdidī, ēditum> give out -- [Pokorny dō- : də-, also dō-u- : dəu- : du- :: to give, donate]   -- <ēligō, ēlegere, elēgī, elēctum> choose, select -- [Pokorny leg̑- :: to gather, collect]   -- <ēmittō, ēmittere, ēmīsī, ēmīssum> send out -- [Pokorny smeit-, smit- :: to throw]   -- <ēnūntiō, ēnūtiāre, ēnuntiāvī, ēnuntiātum> speak, express -- [Pokorny nē-tr-, nə-tr- :: snake, adder]   -- <ēvocō, evocare, evocāvī, evocatum> call forth, summon -- [Pokorny 1. eu-, euə- : u̯ā-, u̯ə- :: to lack, want; empty, vacant]   -- <facinus, facinoris> crime -- [Pokorny 2. dhē- :: to do, put, place, set]   -- <faciō, facere, fēcī, factum> do, make -- [Pokorny 2. dhē- :: to do, put, place, set]   -- <factio, factionis> faction -- [Pokorny 2. dhē- :: to do, put, place, set]   -- <facundus, facunda, facundum> fluent, eloquent -- [Pokorny 2. bhā- :: to speak]   -- <fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsum> deceive, elude -- [Pokorny ghel- :: to want, wish]   -- <falsus, falsa, falsum> false -- <fama, famae> report, talk -- [Pokorny 2. bhā- :: to speak]   -- <fas, -> right -- [Pokorny 2. bhā- :: to speak]   -- <fatum, fati> fate, divine utterance -- [Pokorny 2. bhā- :: to speak]   -- <fauces, faucis> throat, entrance -- <femina, feminae> woman -- [Pokorny dhē(i)-, also dh-ei-? :: to suck, suckle]   -- <fera, ferae> wild beast -- <fere> almost -- [Pokorny 2. dher-, dherə- :: to hold, support]   -- <ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum> bear, carry -- [Pokorny 1. bher- :: to bear, bring, carry]   -- <fibula, fibulae> brooch -- <fides, fidei> faith, pledge -- [Pokorny 1. bheidh- :: to force; advise, confide, encourage]   -- <filia, filiae> daughter -- <filius, filii> son -- [Pokorny dhē(i)-, also dh-ei-? :: to suck, suckle]   -- <fimus, fimi> dung -- [Pokorny 4. dheu-, dheu̯ə-, presumably dhu̯ē-, compare suffixes dhu̯ē-k-, dhu̯ē̆-s- :: to blow, dissipate, fly about like dust, etc.]   -- <finiō, finīre, finīvī, finītum> finish, end -- [Pokorny dhēig- : dhōig- : dhīg- :: to dig, plant, stab, stick]   -- <finis, finis> border, limit -- [Pokorny dhēig- : dhōig- : dhīg- :: to dig, plant, stab, stick]   -- <finitimus, finitima, finitimum> bordering, neighbor -- <fio, fierī> be made -- [Pokorny bheu-, bheu̯ə-, bhu̯ā-, bhu̯ē- : bhō̆u- : bhū- :: to be, exist; grow, prosper]   -- <fluitō, fluitāre, fluitāvī, -> flow -- <flumen, fluminis> river -- [Pokorny bhleu- :: to bloat, swell, blow up; flow]   -- <focus, foci> fire-place, hearth -- [Pokorny bhok- :: to burn?]   -- <foedus, foederis> treaty -- [Pokorny 1. bheidh- :: to force; advise, confide, encourage]   -- <fons, fontis> spring -- [Pokorny 1. dhen- :: to flow, run]   -- <for, fārī, fātus sum> talk -- [Pokorny 2. bhā- :: to speak]   -- <foras> forth, out -- [Pokorny dhu̯ē̆r-, dhu̯ō̆r-, dhur-, dhu̯r̥- :: door]   -- <fortis, fortis, forte> strong -- [Pokorny bhereg̑h-, bherg̑hos- :: high, noble; barrow, mountain]   -- <fortuna, fortunae> fortune -- [Pokorny 1. bher- :: to bear, bring, carry]   -- <foveō, fovēre, fōvī, fōtum> warm, favor -- [Pokorny dhegh- :: to burn]   -- <fragor, fragoris> crashing, noise -- [Pokorny bhlē̆d-, bhl̥d- :: to boil, bubble up; boast, chatter]   -- <frigus, frigoris> cold -- [Pokorny srīg-, srīgos- :: cold, frost]   -- <frux, frugis> fruit, produce -- [Pokorny bhrūg- :: fruit; to brook, enjoy]   -- <fugiō, fūgī> flee, avoid -- [Pokorny 1. bheug- :: to flee, escape, seek refuge]   -- <Galli, Gallorum> the Gauls -- [Pokorny 3. gal-, or ghal- :: to be able]   -- <Gallia, Galliae> Gaul -- <gemitus, gemitus> sign, groan -- <gens, gentis> race, clan -- [Pokorny 1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce, generate]   -- <genus, generis> kind, class -- [Pokorny 1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce, generate]   -- <Germania, Germaniae> Germania -- <Germanus, Germana, Germanum> Germani -- [Pokorny gher- :: warm, hot]   -- <gerō, gerere, gessī, gestum> bear, carry out, wear -- <gīgnō, genere, genuī, genitum> generate, produce -- [Pokorny 1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce, generate]   -- <gradus, gradus> step -- [Pokorny ghredh- :: to stride, march]   -- <Graecus, Graeca, Graecum> Greek -- <grammatica, grammaticae> grammar -- <gratia, gratiae> esteem, regard -- [Pokorny 4. ger(ə)- :: to praise, congratulate, raise one's voice]   -- <gravis, gravis, grave> grave, serious -- [Pokorny 2. ger-, gerə-, gerəu-, gerī- :: grave, heavy]   -- <habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum> have -- [Pokorny ghabh- :: to take, grab, seize]   -- <habitō, habitāre, habitāvī, habitātum> inhabit -- <habitus, habitus> clothing, dress -- <haereō, haerēre, haesī, haesūrum> stick -- [Pokorny ghais- :: to stick, be fixed to]   -- <heriditas, heriditatis> heredity, inheritance -- <hic, haec, hoc> there, this -- [Pokorny ghe-, gho- :: (enclitic (emphatic?) particle)]   -- <hiems, hiemis> winter -- [Pokorny 2. g̑hei- : g̑hi- :: snow; winter]   -- <hīc> here, now -- <homo, hominis> man, human -- [Pokorny g̑hðem-, g̑hðom-, genitive-ablative g̑h(ð)m-és :: earth, ground, soil, humus]   -- <honos, honoris> honor, distinction -- <Horatius, Horati> Horatius -- <hospitium, hospitii> hospitality -- [Pokorny ghosti-s :: guest, stranger]   -- <hostis, hostis> enemy -- [Pokorny ghosti-s :: guest, stranger]   -- <humilis, humilis, humile> low, small -- [Pokorny g̑hðem-, g̑hðom-, genitive-ablative g̑h(ð)m-és :: earth, ground, soil, humus]   -- <jactō, jactāre, jactāvī, jactātum> throw -- <iam> already -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <ibi> there, then -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <idem, eadem, idem> the same -- [Pokorny de-, do- :: I-deictic; here]   -- <ignis, ignis> fire -- [Pokorny egnis : ognis :: fire]   -- <ignotus, ignota, ignotum> unknown -- [Pokorny 2. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to ken, know, recognize]   -- <ille, illa, illud> he, she, that -- [Pokorny 1. al-, ol- :: beyond; other, alien]   -- <illinō, illere, illēvī, illitum> spread over -- <imitor, imitāre, imitātum> imitate, resemble -- <immemor, immemoris> heedless -- [Pokorny (s)mer- :: to mourn, remember, think of, care for]   -- <immolō, immolāre, immolāvī, immolātum> sacrifice, immolate -- <impellō, impellere, impulī, impulsum> drive, move -- [Pokorny 2a. pel-, pelə- : plā- :: to drive, propel, set in motion]   -- <impendō, impendere, impendī, impēnsum> expend, devote -- [Pokorny 1. (s)pen(-d)- :: to pull, spin]   -- <imperitus, imperita, imperitum> inexperienced -- [Pokorny 2e. per- :: to dare, risk, try; peril, danger]   -- <impertiō, impertīre, impertīvī, impertītus> devote -- <impetus, impetus> attack, charge -- [Pokorny 2. pet-, petə- : ptē-, ptō-, Hellenic ptā- :: to fall, tumble down]   -- <impubes, impuberis> youthful, chaste -- <in> in, on -- [Pokorny 1. en :: in]   -- <incidō, incidere, incidī,-> fall in, occur -- <incipiō, incipere, incēpī, inceptum> begin -- <incohatus, incohata, incohatum> begun -- [Pokorny kagh- : kogh- :: to sew, plait, etc.]   -- <incolumis, incolumis, incolume> unharmed -- [Pokorny 3. kel-, kelə-, klā-, extended klād- :: to hit, hew, cut down]   -- <increpō, increpāre, increpuī, increpitum> scold, rebuke -- [Pokorny 1. ker-, kor-, kr- :: (onomatopoeic: hoarse sound)]   -- <inde> from that -- [Pokorny de-, do- :: I-deictic; here]   -- <indicō, indicāre, indicāvī, indicātum> indicate -- [Pokorny deik̑- :: to teach, show]   -- <induperator, induperatoris> commander in chief, emperor -- <infans, infantis> infant -- [Pokorny 2. bhā- :: to speak]   -- <inferō, inferre, intulī, inlātum> introduce, produce -- [Pokorny 1. bher- :: to bear, bring, carry]   -- <inferus, inferi> lower part -- [Pokorny n̥dhos, n̥dheri :: under]   -- <informis, informis, informe> unshapely, hideous -- [Pokorny 3. bher- :: to bore, cut, scrape, use sharp tool]   -- <ingens, ingentis> great -- [Pokorny 1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce, generate]   -- <iniuria, injuriae> wrong, harsh treatment -- [Pokorny i̯eu̯os- :: rule, right, justice, statute]   -- <inquam> say -- [Pokorny 2. sek- :: to see, notice; show, say, speak]   -- <inscientia, inscientiae> ignorance -- [Pokorny skē̆i- :: to cut, skive, exscind, separate]   -- <insignis, insignis, insigne> distinguished -- <instructus, instructa, instructum> arranged, ready -- [Pokorny 5. ster-, sterə- : strē-, steru- : streu- :: to strew, scatter, spread out]   -- <insuper> above, on top -- [Pokorny upér, upéri :: over, above]   -- <intectus, intecta, intectum> uncovered -- [Pokorny 1. (s)teg- :: to deck, thatch, cover; house, roof]   -- <intellegō, intellegere, intellēxī, intellēctum> understand -- [Pokorny leg̑- :: to gather, collect]   -- <intentio, intentionis> effort -- [Pokorny 1. ten-, tend- :: to span, stretch, extend]   -- <inter> between, among -- [Pokorny 1. en :: in]   -- <interdīcō, interdicere, interdīxi, interdictum> prohibit -- [Pokorny deik̑- :: to teach, show]   -- <interea> in the meantime -- <interpretor, interpretāri, interpretātus sum> interpret -- [Pokorny 1. en :: in]   -- <intersum, interesse, interfuī> lie between, concern -- [Pokorny es- :: is, to be]   -- <intra> within, during -- [Pokorny 1. en :: in]   -- <ipse, ipsa, ipsum> self -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <ira, irae> anger -- [Pokorny 1. eis- :: to move rapidly/violently]   -- <is, ea, id> him, her, this -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <ita> thus -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <Italia, Italiae> Italy -- [Pokorny u̯et- :: year]   -- <itaque> and also -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <item> also -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <iter, itineris> way -- [Pokorny 1. ei- :: to go, exit]   -- <iunctus, iuncta, iunctum> joined, united -- [Pokorny 2. i̯eu-, i̯eu̯ə-, i̯eu-g- :: to yoke, join, tie together]   -- <Juno, Junonis> Juno -- <ius, iuris> right -- [Pokorny i̯eu̯os- :: rule, right, justice, statute]   -- <iuvō, iuvāre, iūvī, iūtum> assist, help -- [Pokorny 2. i̯eu-, i̯eu̯ə-, i̯eu-g- :: to yoke, join, tie together]   -- <iuxta> near -- [Pokorny 2. i̯eu-, i̯eu̯ə-, i̯eu-g- :: to yoke, join, tie together]   -- <iūdicō, iūdicāre, iūdicāvī, iūdicātum> decide -- [Pokorny i̯eu̯os- :: rule, right, justice, statute]   -- <īcere, īcī, ictum> strike -- [Pokorny ā̆ik̑- : ī̆k̑- :: pike, spear, spit]   -- <īcere, īcī, ictum> strike with est understood -- <īgnōrō, īgnōrāre, īgnōrāvi, īgnōrātum> ignore, be unknown -- [Pokorny 2. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to ken, know, recognize]   -- <Karthago, Karthaginis> Carthage -- <labor, laboris> labor, effort -- [Pokorny lē̆b-, lō̆b-, lāb-, leb- :: lip; to slump, hang down slackly]   -- <lac, lactis> milk -- [Pokorny glag-, or glak- :: milk]   -- <lacertus, lacerti> upper arm -- [Pokorny 2. lek- : lek-, and lēk- : lək- :: joint, leg, body member; to bend, wind]   -- <laedō, laedere, laesī, laesum> strike, offend -- [Pokorny laidh-, lidh- :: to cut, hurt, injure]   -- <laevus, laeva, laevum> left -- [Pokorny laiu̯o- :: (on the) left]   -- <Latinus, Latina, Latinum> Latin -- <Latinus, Latini> Latinus -- <Latium, Latii> Latium -- [Pokorny 2. stel-, stelə- :: to dilate, broaden, stretch out; broad]   -- <latus, lata, latum> broad -- [Pokorny 2. stel-, stelə- :: to dilate, broaden, stretch out; broad]   -- <Lavinium, Lavinii> Lavinium -- <Lavinius, Lavinia, Lavinium> Lavinian -- <Laurentinus, Laurentina, Laurentinum> Laurentinus -- <laus, laudis> praise -- [Pokorny 3. lēu-, or lāu- :: (onomatopoeic: to bark, howl, etc.)]   -- <lectus, lecti> bed -- [Pokorny legh- :: to lie, recline, set down]   -- <lex, legis> law -- [Pokorny leg̑- :: to gather, collect]   -- <liberalis, liberalis, liberale> liberal -- [Pokorny 1. leudh- :: to grow up; free; people]   -- <libertas, libertatis> liberty -- [Pokorny 1. leudh- :: to grow up; free; people]   -- <lineus, linea, lineum> flaxen -- <lingua, linguae> tongue, language -- [Pokorny dn̥g̑hū, dn̥g̑hu̯ā :: tongue]   -- <liniamentum, liniamenti> line, designs -- <littera, litterae> letter -- <litus, litoris> shore -- [Pokorny 4. lē̆i- :: to pour]   -- <locō, locāre, locāvī, locātus> place, arrange -- [Pokorny 3. stel- :: to put, place]   -- <locuples, locupletis> rich in lands, wealthy -- <locus, loci> place -- [Pokorny 3. stel- :: to put, place]   -- <longe> by far -- [Pokorny 5. del- :: long]   -- <loquor, loquī, locutus sum> speak -- [Pokorny tolk- :: to speak]   -- <Luna, Lunae> Luna, the moon-god -- [Pokorny leup-, and leub-, leubh- :: to lift, peel, cut/break off, etc.]   -- <lux, lucis> light -- [Pokorny leuk- :: to light, shine; see]   -- <macula, maculae> spot -- [Pokorny smē-, smeī-, sm-ei- :: to rub, smear]   -- <magis> more -- [Pokorny meg̑(h)- : meg̑(h)- :: big, much, great, major, mega-]   -- <magistratus, magistratus> magistrate -- <magnitudo, magnitudinis> size -- [Pokorny meg̑(h)- : meg̑(h)- :: big, much, great, major, mega-]   -- <magnus, magna, magnum> great, large -- [Pokorny meg̑(h)- : meg̑(h)- :: big, much, great, major, mega-]   -- <mando, mandāre, mandāvī, mandātum> commit -- [Pokorny mə-r, genitive mə-n-és, mn̥tós :: hand]   -- <manicae, manicarum> long sleeves -- [Pokorny mə-r, genitive mə-n-és, mn̥tós :: hand]   -- <manus, manus> hand -- [Pokorny mə-r, genitive mə-n-és, mn̥tós :: hand]   -- <mare, maris> sea -- [Pokorny mori, mōri :: mere, sea]   -- <materia, materiae> material -- [Pokorny mātér- :: mother]   -- <matrimonium, matrimoni> marriage -- [Pokorny mātér- :: mother]   -- <melius> better -- [Pokorny 4. mel- :: big, strong]   -- <membrum, membri> member -- [Pokorny mēmso-, mē(m)s-ro- :: meat, flesh]   -- <memini> remember -- [Pokorny (s)mer- :: to mourn, remember, think of, care for]   -- <memor, memoris> mindful, remembering -- [Pokorny (s)mer- :: to mourn, remember, think of, care for]   -- <memoria, memoriae> memory, remembrance -- [Pokorny (s)mer- :: to mourn, remember, think of, care for]   -- <memorō, memorāre, memorāvī, memorātus> relate, tell -- [Pokorny (s)mer- :: to mourn, remember, think of, care for]   -- <mens, mentis> mind -- [Pokorny 3. men- :: to think; mind, spiritual activity]   -- <meus, mea, meum> my -- [Pokorny 1. me- :: me (1st pers. sg. oblique pronoun stem)]   -- <miles, militis> soldier -- [Pokorny 2. sem- :: one, some, together]   -- <militaris, militaris, militare> military -- [Pokorny 2. sem- :: one, some, together]   -- <minaciter> threateningly -- [Pokorny 1. men- :: to rise, mount, tower]   -- <minus> less -- [Pokorny 5. mei-, mi-neu- :: to lessen, diminish; small, minor]   -- <mittō, mittere, mīsī, missum> send, give -- [Pokorny smeit-, smit- :: to throw]   -- <modus, modi> kind -- [Pokorny 1. med- :: to mete, allot; medicate, give advice]   -- <moenia, moenium> walls -- [Pokorny 1. mei- :: to mure, repair, strengthen; pole]   -- <molliō, mollīre, mollīvī, mollītum> moderate, soften -- [Pokorny 1. mel-, also smel-, melə- : mlē-, mel-d- : ml-ed-, mel-dh-, ml-ēi- : mlī̆-, melə-k- : mlā-k-, mlēu- : mlū̆- :: to mill, grind; fine, ground]   -- <mons, montis> mountain -- [Pokorny 1. men- :: to rise, mount, tower]   -- <morbus, morbi> illness -- [Pokorny 5. mer-, merə- :: to rub, wipe; pack, rob]   -- <mortalis, mortalis, mortale> mortal -- [Pokorny 4. mer-, merə- :: to die]   -- <mos, moris> custom -- [Pokorny 5. mē-, mō-, mə- :: to be intent; of strong will]   -- <motus, motus> movement -- [Pokorny 2. meu̯-, meu̯ə- :: to move, push away]   -- <moveō, movēre, mōvi, mōtus> move -- [Pokorny 2. meu̯-, meu̯ə- :: to move, push away]   -- <mox> soon -- [Pokorny mok̑s, Indo-Iranian *mok̑sū̆ :: soon]   -- <multitudo, multitudinis> multitude -- [Pokorny 4. mel- :: big, strong]   -- <multum> greatly -- [Pokorny 4. mel- :: big, strong]   -- <multus, multa, multum> many -- [Pokorny 4. mel- :: big, strong]   -- <munimentum, munimenti> defence -- [Pokorny 1. mei- :: to mure, repair, strengthen; pole]   -- <murus, muri> wall -- [Pokorny 1. mei- :: to mure, repair, strengthen; pole]   -- <Musa, Musae> Muse -- <nam> for -- [Pokorny eno-, possibly e-no- : ono- : no- : -ne- :: that]   -- <natio, nationis> nation -- [Pokorny 1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce, generate]   -- <naturalis, naturalis, naturale> natural -- [Pokorny 1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce, generate]   -- <nāscor, nāscī, nātus sum> be produced, arise -- [Pokorny 1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce, generate]   -- <ne> so that not -- <-ne> ... -- <ne> not -- [Pokorny 1. nĕ, nē, nei :: (negative particle: no, etc.)]   -- <nec> neither ... nor -- <neglegenter> carelessly -- [Pokorny leg̑- :: to gather, collect]   -- <nemus, nemoris> grove -- [Pokorny 2. nem- :: to bend]   -- <neque> neither ... nor -- [Pokorny 1. nĕ, nē, nei :: (negative particle: no, etc.)]   -- <nervus, nervi> muscle -- [Pokorny snēu- : snū-, and snĕu- :: to turn, bind, attach; band, sinew]   -- <neve> and not, nor -- [Pokorny 1. nĕ, nē, nei :: (negative particle: no, etc.)]   -- <ni> if not, unless -- [Pokorny 1. nĕ, nē, nei :: (negative particle: no, etc.)]   -- <nihil> nothing -- <nisi> if not, unless -- <nobilis, nobilis, nobile> famous, noble -- [Pokorny 2. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to ken, know, recognize]   -- <nobilitas, nobilitatis> renown -- [Pokorny 2. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to ken, know, recognize]   -- <nomen, nominis> name -- [Pokorny en(o)mn̥-, (o)nomn̥, nōmn̥ :: name]   -- <non> not -- [Pokorny 1. nĕ, nē, nei :: (negative particle: no, etc.)]   -- <nonnullus, nonulla, nonullum> some -- [Pokorny 1. nĕ, nē, nei :: (negative particle: no, etc.)]   -- <noster, nostra, nostrum> our -- [Pokorny 3. ne-, nō-, plural nē̆s-, nō̆s- :: we]   -- <notitia, notitiae> familiarity, carnal knowledge -- [Pokorny 2. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to ken, know, recognize]   -- <nox, noctis> night -- [Pokorny nek-(t-), nok-t-s :: night]   -- <nōscō, nōscere, nōvī, nōtum> be acquainted with, get to know -- [Pokorny 2. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to ken, know, recognize]   -- <nudus, nuda, nudum> bare, naked -- [Pokorny nog-, nogod(h)o-, nog-no- :: nude, naked]   -- <nullus, nulla, nullum> no, none -- [Pokorny 1. nĕ, nē, nei :: (negative particle: no, etc.)]   -- <numen, numinis> authority -- [Pokorny 2. neu- :: to push (someone); to nod]   -- <numerus, numeri> class, number, repute -- [Pokorny 1. nem- :: to nim, take, give, count, apportion]   -- <nunc> now -- [Pokorny nū̆- :: now]   -- <nutus, nutus> nod, expression -- [Pokorny 2. neu- :: to push (someone); to nod]   -- <ob> because of -- [Pokorny epi, opi, pi :: at, near, epi-]   -- <obiciō, obicere, obiēcī, obiectum> oppose -- [Pokorny ā̆ik̑- : ī̆k̑- :: pike, spear, spit]   -- <obstinatus, obstinata, obstinatum> obstinate -- [Pokorny stā- : stə- :: to stand]   -- <obtineō, obtinēre, obtenuī, obtentum> hold -- <occultatio, occultationis> secrecy -- <occultō, occultāre, occultāvī, occultātum> conceal -- <Oceanus, Oceani> ocean -- [Pokorny akā-, more accurately əkā, ēk- :: aqua, water, river]   -- <oculus, oculi> eye -- [Pokorny ok- :: to see, ogle; eye]   -- <olim> some day -- [Pokorny 1. al-, ol- :: beyond; other, alien]   -- <omnis, omnis, omne> all -- [Pokorny 1. op- :: to work, perform, operate, bring about]   -- <onerō, onerāre, onerāvī, onerātum> load, burden -- [Pokorny enos-, or onos- :: onus, burden]   -- <opera, operae> work, service, attention -- [Pokorny 1. op- :: to work, perform, operate, bring about]   -- <oppidum, oppidi> city -- [Pokorny 2. pē̆d-, pō̆d- :: foot]   -- <oppūgnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātum> overthrow -- [Pokorny peuk̑-, and peug̑- :: to pink, stab, stick]   -- <ops, opis> assistance, wealth, resources -- [Pokorny 1. op- :: to work, perform, operate, bring about]   -- <opus, operis> work -- [Pokorny 1. op- :: to work, perform, operate, bring about]   -- <ora, orae> mouth, boundary, coast -- [Pokorny 1. ōus- : əus- :: os, mouth]   -- <ordo, ordinis> order -- [Pokorny 1. ar-, thematic (a)re-, heavy-base arə-, rē-, and i-base (a)rī̆-, rēi- :: to fit, suit]   -- <orior, orīrī, ortus sum> arise -- [Pokorny 1. ar-, thematic (a)re-, heavy-base arə-, rē-, and i-base (a)rī̆-, rēi- :: to fit, suit]   -- <os, oris> mouth -- [Pokorny 1. ōus- : əus- :: os, mouth]   -- <ostendō, ostendere, ostendī, ostentum> show, point out -- [Pokorny epi, opi, pi :: at, near, epi-]   -- <ostium, ostii> mouth, entrance -- [Pokorny 1. ōus- : əus- :: os, mouth]   -- <ōrō, ōrāre, ōrāvī, ōrātum> speak -- [Pokorny ōr-, ər- :: to call, speak, talk, orate]   -- <paene> almost -- [Pokorny pē(i)-, pī- :: to hurt, scold, shame]   -- <parō, parāre, parāvī, parātum> prepare, obtain -- [Pokorny 2c. per-, perə- :: to sell, impart]   -- <pars, partis> part -- [Pokorny 2c. per-, perə- :: to sell, impart]   -- <Parthi, Parthorum> Parthians -- <parum> too little -- [Pokorny pōu- : pəu- : pū̆- :: few, small, little; young (of animals)]   -- <parvulus, parvula, parvulum> childhood -- [Pokorny pōu- : pəu- : pū̆- :: few, small, little; young (of animals)]   -- <parvus, parva, parvum> small -- [Pokorny pōu- : pəu- : pū̆- :: few, small, little; young (of animals)]   -- <pateō, patēre, patuī, -> lie open, be exposed -- [Pokorny 1. pet-, pet-, petə- :: to stretch out (esp. arms)]   -- <pater, patris> father -- [Pokorny pətḗ(r), genitive pətr-és :: father]   -- <patior, patī, passus sum> suffer, endure -- [Pokorny pē(i)-, pī- :: to hurt, scold, shame]   -- <patria, patriae> fatherland -- [Pokorny pətḗ(r), genitive pətr-és :: father]   -- <patrius, patria, patrium> paternal -- [Pokorny pətḗ(r), genitive pətr-és :: father]   -- <paulatim> gradually -- [Pokorny pōu- : pəu- : pū̆- :: few, small, little; young (of animals)]   -- <paulo> little -- [Pokorny pōu- : pəu- : pū̆- :: few, small, little; young (of animals)]   -- <pavor, pavoris> fear, dread -- [Pokorny pēu- : pəu- : pū̆- :: to hit; sharp]   -- <pax, pacis> peace -- [Pokorny pā̆k̑-, and pā̆g̑- :: to repair, strengthen]   -- <pāreō, parēre, pāruī, -> comply -- [Pokorny pā̆r- :: to show, be visible]   -- <pectus, pectoris> breast -- [Pokorny peg- : pog- : pōg-, pō̆k-s- :: hip, side, shoulder]   -- <pecunia, pecuniae> money -- [Pokorny 2. pek̑- :: to fleece; fee, cattle]   -- <pellis, pellis> skin, hide -- [Pokorny 3b. pel-, pelə-, plē- :: to wrap, cover; cloth; fell, pelt]   -- <Penates, Penatium> household gods -- [Pokorny 1. pen- :: to feed]   -- <per> through, by -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond]   -- <percūnctor, percunctārī, percunctātus sum> inquire with est understood -- [Pokorny k̑enk-, k̑onk- :: to hang, sway, dangle]   -- <peregrinus, peregrini> foreign -- <perfectus, perfecta, perfectum> complete -- <periculum, periculi> danger -- [Pokorny 2e. per- :: to dare, risk, try; peril, danger]   -- <perluō, perluere, perluī, perlūtum> wash, bathe -- [Pokorny lou-, lou̯ə- :: to lave, wash]   -- <permaneō, permanēre, permansī, permansum> stay, continue -- [Pokorny 5. men- :: to stay, remain, stand still]   -- <perveniō, pervenīre, pervēnī, perventum> arrive, reach with est -- [Pokorny gā-, gem- :: to come, go]   -- <petō, petere, petīvī, petītum> seek -- [Pokorny 2. pet-, petə- : ptē-, ptō-, Hellenic ptā- :: to fall, tumble down]   -- <Petrus, Petri> Peter -- <pēnsō, pēnsāre, pēnsāvī, pēnsātus> weigh, ponder -- <pictura, picturae> painting -- [Pokorny 1. peig-, and peik- :: colored, speckled]   -- <pictus, picta, pictum> painted -- [Pokorny 1. peig-, and peik- :: colored, speckled]   -- <pietas, pietatis> piety -- <Pisanus, Pisana, Pisanum> Pisan -- <placeō, placēre, placuī, placitum> please -- [Pokorny 1. plā-k- : plə-k-, ple-k- : plō̆-k-, plei-k-, and pelə-g- : plā-g- : plə-g- :: flat, wide, broad; spread out]   -- <plebs, plebis> common people -- [Pokorny 1. pel-, pelə-, plē- :: to pour, fill; full, plenary; town?]   -- <plerusque, pleraeque, pleraque> most, the majority -- [Pokorny 1. pel-, pelə-, plē- :: to pour, fill; full, plenary; town?]   -- <plurimum> very much, especially -- [Pokorny 1. pel-, pelə-, plē- :: to pour, fill; full, plenary; town?]   -- <plus> more -- [Pokorny 1. pel-, pelə-, plē- :: to pour, fill; full, plenary; town?]   -- <poena, poenae> punishment, penalty -- [Pokorny 1. kei(-t)- :: to observe with respect, pay attention to]   -- <pons, pontis> bridge -- [Pokorny pent- :: to go, walk, pad, tread; way, path]   -- <populor, populāri, populatus sum> devastate, plunder -- <populus, populi> people -- <possessio, possessionis> possession -- [Pokorny sed- :: to sit, set, settle]   -- <possum, posse, potuī> be able -- [Pokorny poti-s :: host, husband, lord, master, owner]   -- <post> after -- [Pokorny pos :: about, around; by, beside; in front of]   -- <posteri, posterae, postera> future generations -- [Pokorny pos :: about, around; by, beside; in front of]   -- <posthabeō, posthabēre, posthabuī, posthabitum> place after, esteem less -- [Pokorny ghabh- :: to take, grab, seize]   -- <postquam> after -- [Pokorny pos :: about, around; by, beside; in front of]   -- <potens, potentis> powerful -- [Pokorny poti-s :: host, husband, lord, master, owner]   -- <potentia, potentiae> power -- [Pokorny poti-s :: host, husband, lord, master, owner]   -- <pōnō, ponere, posuī, positum> place, situate -- [Pokorny 2. sē(i)- : səi- : sī-, sē- : sə-, and sei- : si- :: to sow, dispatch, disseminate, let fall]   -- <praebeō, praebēre, praebuī, praebitus> offer, provide -- [Pokorny ghabh- :: to take, grab, seize]   -- <praeceptor, praeceptoris> teacher -- <praecipue> chiefly -- <praemium, praemii> reward -- <praepes, praepetis> of good omen, favorable -- [Pokorny 2. pet-, petə- : ptē-, ptō-, Hellenic ptā- :: to fall, tumble down]   -- <praeposterus, praepostera, praeposterum> unseasonable -- [Pokorny pos :: about, around; by, beside; in front of]   -- <praesidium, praesidii> guard -- <praesum, praesse, praefuī> have charge of, preside over -- [Pokorny es- :: is, to be]   -- <precor, precārī, precātus sum> pray -- [Pokorny 4. perk̑-, prek̑-, pr̥k̑- :: to request, ask/pray for]   -- <premō, pemere, pressī, pressum> press, oppress -- [Pokorny 3. per-, per-g- :: to hit, kill]   -- <primoris, primoris, primore> chieftain, leader -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond]   -- <primus, prima, primum> first -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond]   -- <princeps, principis> chief -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond]   -- <privatus, privata, privatum> private, individual -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond]   -- <priusquam> before -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond]   -- <pro> for, before -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond]   -- <procer, proceris> nobleman -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond]   -- <proelium, proelii> battle -- <proficīscor, proficiscī, profectus sum> set out -- <profugus, profuga, profugum> fugitive -- [Pokorny 1. bheug- :: to flee, escape, seek refuge]   -- <progenies, -> offspring, race -- [Pokorny 1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce, generate]   -- <promiscue> promiscuous -- [Pokorny mei-k̑-, and mei-g̑-? :: to mix, mash, stir]   -- <pronuntiō, pronuntiāre, pronuntiāvī, pronuntiātum> pronounce -- [Pokorny 1. neu- :: to call, praise]   -- <prope> near -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond]   -- <propitius, propitia, propitium> propitious -- <propritim> as one's own -- [Pokorny pətḗ(r), genitive pətr-és :: father]   -- <proprius, propria, proprium> proper, own -- [Pokorny pətḗ(r), genitive pətr-és :: father]   -- <proximus, proxima, proximum> next to -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond]   -- <prōcēdō, procedere, processī, processum> advance -- [Pokorny sed- :: to sit, set, settle]   -- <prōcūrō, prōcūrāre, prōcūrāvi, prōcūrātum> take care of -- [Pokorny kois- :: to cure, worry, care for]   -- <prōdō, prodere, prodīdī, proditum> put forth, make known -- [Pokorny dō- : də-, also dō-u- : dəu- : du- :: to give, donate]   -- <prōpōnō, proponere, proposuī, propositum> point out, set forth -- [Pokorny 2. sē(i)- : səi- : sī-, sē- : sə-, and sei- : si- :: to sow, dispatch, disseminate, let fall]   -- <prōpulsō, propulsāre, propulsātus, -> ward off, repulse -- [Pokorny 2a. pel-, pelə- : plā- :: to drive, propel, set in motion]   -- <prōvocō, provocāre, provocāvī, provocātum> challenge -- [Pokorny 1. eu-, euə- : u̯ā-, u̯ə- :: to lack, want; empty, vacant]   -- <publicus, publica, publicum> public -- <pudor, pudoris> shame -- [Pokorny pēu- : pəu- : pū̆- :: to hit; sharp]   -- <puer, pueri> boy -- [Pokorny pōu- : pəu- : pū̆- :: few, small, little; young (of animals)]   -- <pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum> beautiful, excellent -- [Pokorny 2. perk̑-, prek̑- :: spotted, speckled]   -- <purpura, purpurae> purple, purple cloth -- <purus, pura, purum> pure -- [Pokorny 1. peu-, peu̯ə- : pū̆- :: to sift, clean, purge, purify]   -- <putō, putāre, putāvī, putātum> think -- [Pokorny 2. peu- :: to repute, explore, understand]   -- <quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītum> look for, search -- <quam> than -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <quando> ever, at some time -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <quantum> as much -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <quattuor> four -- [Pokorny ketu̯er-, ketu̯ō̆r-, ketur- (masc.), ketes(o)r- (fem.) :: four, fourth]   -- <-que> and -- [Pokorny 1. ke :: (enclitic) and]   -- <qui, quae, quod> which, what -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <qui, quae, quod> who, which, what, that -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <qui, qua(e), quod> some, any -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <quia> because -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <quidam, quaedam, quoddam> a certain, some -- [Pokorny de-, do- :: I-deictic; here]   -- <quidem> in fact, even -- [Pokorny de-, do- :: I-deictic; here]   -- <quis, quis, quid> who, what -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <quis, quis, quid> someone, anything -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <quisque, quaeque, quodque> everyone -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <quisquis, quaeque, quicquid> whoever, whatever -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <quo> what -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <quod> that, because -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <quom> when -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <quoniam> since -- [Pokorny de-, do- :: I-deictic; here]   -- <quoque> also -- <quotannis> yearly -- [Pokorny at- :: to go; year, annum]   -- <radius, radii> rod, beam -- [Pokorny u̯(e)rād-, u̯erəd-, u̯rəd- :: root, branch, twig]   -- <ratio, rationis> account, affair -- [Pokorny 1. ar-, thematic (a)re-, heavy-base arə-, rē-, and i-base (a)rī̆-, rēi- :: to fit, suit]   -- <receptaculum, receptaculi> receptacle, storage place -- <recēdō, rēcedere, rēcessī, rēcessum> retire, withdraw -- [Pokorny sed- :: to sit, set, settle]   -- <regina, reginae> queen -- [Pokorny 1. reg̑- :: to regulate, make just/right; king, reign]   -- <regnum, regni> kingship, supreme power -- [Pokorny 1. reg̑- :: to regulate, make just/right; king, reign]   -- <religio, religionis> religious practice -- [Pokorny leg̑- :: to gather, collect]   -- <reliquus, reliqua, reliquum> remaining, rest -- [Pokorny leik- :: to leave, relinquish]   -- <remedium, remedii> remedy, assistance -- <Remora, Remorae> Remora -- <Remus, Remi> Remus -- <reno, renonis> deer-skin -- [Pokorny eren- :: lamb, ram, sheep]   -- <res, rei> thing, matter -- [Pokorny 4. rei- : rēi- :: thing, possession]   -- <restis, restis> undergarment -- [Pokorny rezg- :: to plait, weave, wind]   -- <rex, regis> king -- [Pokorny 1. reg̑- :: to regulate, make just/right; king, reign]   -- <rēiciō, rēicere, rējēcī, rējectum> push back, reject -- <rhetorica, rhetoricae> rhetoric -- [Pokorny 6. u̯er- :: to speak, talk formally]   -- <rigor, rigoris> rigor -- [Pokorny 1. reg̑- :: to regulate, make just/right; king, reign]   -- <rimor, rimāri, rimātus sum> search, explore -- <ripa, ripae> river-bank -- <Roma, Romae> Rome -- <Romanus, Romana, Romanum> Roman -- [Pokorny 1. ker- :: to do, make, form]   -- <Romulus, Romuli> Romulus -- <rumor, rumoris> murmur, rumor -- [Pokorny 1. reu-, rēu-, rū̆- :: (onomatopoeic: to roar, rout, round, etc.)]   -- <rumpō, rumpere, rūpī, ruptus> break -- [Pokorny 2. reu-, reu̯ə- : rū̆- :: to open, tear out, dig/rip up, etc.]   -- <sacrificium, sacrifici> sacrifice -- <saepe> often -- [Pokorny saip- :: fence, stall, enclosure]   -- <saepiō, saepīre, saepsī, saeptum> surround -- [Pokorny saip- :: fence, stall, enclosure]   -- <saevus, saeva, saevum> fierce, cruel -- [Pokorny sāi- :: pain, illness; sore]   -- <sagax, sagacis> keen, sagacious -- [Pokorny sāg- :: to seek, track, trail]   -- <sagum, sagi> rough mantle -- [Pokorny 2. seg-, nasalized seng- :: to attach, tack on]   -- <salutatio, salutationis> saluting -- [Pokorny solo-, sol(e)u̯o- :: whole, well-kept, salubrious]   -- <Samos, Sami> Samos -- <sanciō, sancīre, sānxī, sānctum> enact -- [Pokorny sak- :: to sacrifice, sanctify, make a treaty]   -- <sanctus, sancta, sanctum> holy -- [Pokorny sak- :: to sacrifice, sanctify, make a treaty]   -- <sanguis, sanguinis> blood -- <Sarmatae, Sarmatarum> Sarmatians -- <satis> adequately, sufficiently -- [Pokorny sā-, sə- :: enough, satiate, sufficient]   -- <Saxonicus, Saxonici> Saxon -- <scamnum, scamni> bench, seat -- [Pokorny skabh-, skambh- :: to support]   -- <scrībō, scribere, scrīpsī, scriptum> write -- [Pokorny 4. (s)ker-, (s)kerə-, (s)krē- :: to cut, shear, score, scribe]   -- <scutum, scuti> shield -- [Pokorny skē̆i- :: to cut, skive, exscind, separate]   -- <secundum> following -- [Pokorny 1. sek- :: to segue, follow]   -- <secundus, secunda, secundum> second, favorable -- [Pokorny 1. sek- :: to segue, follow]   -- <sed> but -- [Pokorny seni-, senu-, seni-, sn̥-ter- :: for oneself; sundry, separate]   -- <sedes, sedis> seat, habitation -- [Pokorny sed- :: to sit, set, settle]   -- <senex, senis> aged -- [Pokorny sen(o)- :: old, senile, senior]   -- <sensa, sensorum> ideas -- [Pokorny sent- :: to send, go, choose direction; to sense]   -- <sententia, sententiae> sentence -- [Pokorny sent- :: to send, go, choose direction; to sense]   -- <sermo, sermonis> language -- [Pokorny 1. su̯er-, also ser-? :: to speak, swear, answer]   -- <sero> too late -- [Pokorny 2. sē(i)- : səi- : sī-, sē- : sə-, and sei- : si- :: to sow, dispatch, disseminate, let fall]   -- <servitium, servitii> servitude -- [Pokorny 2. ser- :: to serve, guard, protect, shelter]   -- <servitus, servitutis> servitude, slavery -- [Pokorny 2. ser- :: to serve, guard, protect, shelter]   -- <servō, servāre, servāvī, servātum> guard, keep, watch -- [Pokorny 2. ser- :: to serve, guard, protect, shelter]   -- <servus, servi> slave -- [Pokorny 2. ser- :: to serve, guard, protect, shelter]   -- <si> if -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own]   -- <sic> so, thus -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own]   -- <sicut> as, like -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <sidus, sideris> constellation, heavenly body -- [Pokorny 1. su̯eid- :: to shine, glisten]   -- <signum, signi> sign -- [Pokorny 2. sē̆k- :: to cut, section, dissect]   -- <simul> at the same time -- [Pokorny 2. sem- :: one, some, together]   -- <singulus, singula, singulum> single, individual -- [Pokorny 1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce, generate]   -- <sinō, sinere, sīvī> permit, allow -- [Pokorny 2. sē(i)- : səi- : sī-, sē- : sə-, and sei- : si- :: to sow, dispatch, disseminate, let fall]   -- <sive> or if, whether ... or -- [Pokorny 4. au-, u- : u̯ē̆-, u̯o- :: other; that (one)]   -- <sol, solis> sun -- [Pokorny sā́u̯el-, sāu̯ol-, suu̯él-, su̯el-, sūl- :: Sol, sun]   -- <Sol, Solis> sun -- [Pokorny sā́u̯el-, sāu̯ol-, suu̯él-, su̯el-, sūl- :: Sol, sun]   -- <solitus, solita, solitum> accustomed -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own]   -- <solum, soli> foundation -- [Pokorny 3. su̯el-, su̯ol-, sul- :: sole of foot; ground]   -- <solus, sola, solum> alone -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own]   -- <sonitus, sonitus> sound -- [Pokorny su̯en- :: to sound, resound]   -- <sonō, sonāre, sonuī, sonitus> pronounce -- [Pokorny su̯en- :: to sound, resound]   -- <sōleō, solēre, solitum> be accustomed -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own]   -- <spargō, spargere, sparsī, sparsum> strew, sprinkle -- [Pokorny *(s)p(h)ereg-, (s)p(h)erəg-, (s)p(h)rēg-, nasalized spreng- :: to rush, hurry; strew, sprinkle, disperse]   -- <spatium, spatii> space -- [Pokorny 3. sp(h)ē(i)-, spī-, and sphē- : sphə- :: to fatten, prosper, succeed, etc.]   -- <species, speciei> appearance -- [Pokorny spek̑- :: to watch, inspect, spy on]   -- <spectō, spectāre, spectāvī, spectātum> look, gaze -- [Pokorny spek̑- :: to watch, inspect, spy on]   -- <specus, specus> cave, pit -- [Pokorny spek̑- :: to watch, inspect, spy on]   -- <spes, spei> hope -- [Pokorny 3. sp(h)ē(i)-, spī-, and sphē- : sphə- :: to fatten, prosper, succeed, etc.]   -- <spina, spinae> thorn -- [Pokorny 1. (s)p(h)ē̆i- : (s)p(h)ī̆- :: sharp/pointed stick: spile, spit, etc.]   -- <splendeo, splendere, -, -> shine, be bright -- [Pokorny 2. (s)p(h)el- :: to shine, glitter]   -- <stabiliō, stabilīre, stabilīvī, stabilītus> establish, confirm -- [Pokorny stā- : stə- :: to stand]   -- <stabilis, stabilis, stabile> stable -- [Pokorny stā- : stə- :: to stand]   -- <statio, stationis> station, guard -- [Pokorny stā- : stə- :: to stand]   -- <statura, staturae> stature, height -- [Pokorny stā- : stə- :: to stand]   -- <stō, stāre, stēti, statum> stand, abide -- [Pokorny stā- : stə- :: to stand]   -- <strictus, stricta, strictum> drawn together, tight -- [Pokorny 2. streig- :: taut, stiff, strict; to twist; rope]   -- <studeō, studēre, studuī> give attention, be devoted -- [Pokorny 1. (s)teu- :: to hit, push, thrust]   -- <studiosus, studiosa, studiosum> eager, studious -- [Pokorny 1. (s)teu- :: to hit, push, thrust]   -- <studium, studii> application, study -- [Pokorny 1. (s)teu- :: to hit, push, thrust]   -- <sub> under -- [Pokorny upo, up, eup, (e)up-s- :: under, (from) below, etc.]   -- <subitus, subita, subitum> sudden -- [Pokorny upo, up, eup, (e)up-s- :: under, (from) below, etc.]   -- <sublicius, sublicia, sublicium> resting on piles -- <subterraneus, subterranei> underground -- [Pokorny ters- :: to toast, dry; thirst]   -- <succēdō, succedere, successī, sucessum> enter, succeed -- [Pokorny sed- :: to sit, set, settle]   -- <sufferō, sufferre, sustulī, sublātum> take up, lift -- [Pokorny 1. bher- :: to bear, bring, carry]   -- <suffugium, suffugii> refuge, shelter -- [Pokorny 1. bheug- :: to flee, escape, seek refuge]   -- <sui> self -- <sum, esse, fuī> I am with data -- <sum, esse, fuī> I am with perventum -- <sum, esse, fuī> I am with cunctati -- <sum, esse, fuī> I am -- [Pokorny es- :: is, to be]   -- <summus, summa, summum> highest with rebus -- [Pokorny upo, up, eup, (e)up-s- :: under, (from) below, etc.]   -- <superbus, superba, superbum> haughty -- [Pokorny bheu-, bheu̯ə-, bhu̯ā-, bhu̯ē- : bhō̆u- : bhū- :: to be, exist; grow, prosper]   -- <superincidō, superincindere> fall down -- <superus, supera, superum> higher, gods -- [Pokorny upér, upéri :: over, above]   -- <sustineō, sustinēre, sustinuī, sustentum> hold back -- [Pokorny upo, up, eup, (e)up-s- :: under, (from) below, etc.]   -- <suus, sua, suum> own -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own]   -- <tabula, tabulae> tablet -- [Pokorny 2. tel-, telə-, telu- :: flat (board, ground)]   -- <tamen> nevertheless, but -- [Pokorny 1. to-, tā-, ti̯o- :: that, him (neut. or non-nom. demonstrative stem)]   -- <tamquam> just as, as if -- [Pokorny 1. to-, tā-, ti̯o- :: that, him (neut. or non-nom. demonstrative stem)]   -- <tandem> finally -- [Pokorny 1. to-, tā-, ti̯o- :: that, him (neut. or non-nom. demonstrative stem)]   -- <tantum> only -- [Pokorny 1. to-, tā-, ti̯o- :: that, him (neut. or non-nom. demonstrative stem)]   -- <tantus, tanta, tantum> such -- [Pokorny 1. to-, tā-, ti̯o- :: that, him (neut. or non-nom. demonstrative stem)]   -- <tegula, tegulae> tile -- [Pokorny 1. (s)teg- :: to deck, thatch, cover; house, roof]   -- <tegumen, teguminis> clothing, covering -- [Pokorny 1. (s)teg- :: to deck, thatch, cover; house, roof]   -- <telum, teli> weapon, spear -- [Pokorny tek̑þ- :: to plait]   -- <temerarius, temeraria, temerarium> rash, indiscreet -- <temptō, temptāre, temptāvī, temptātum> attempt -- <tempus, temporis> time -- [Pokorny temp- :: to span, stretch, extend]   -- <tendō, tenere, tenuī, tentum> stretch, pursue -- [Pokorny 1. ten-, tend- :: to span, stretch, extend]   -- <teneō, tenēre, tenuī, -> hold, control, understand -- [Pokorny 1. ten-, tend- :: to span, stretch, extend]   -- <ter> three -- [Pokorny trei- :: three, trio]   -- <terra, terrae> earth, land -- [Pokorny ters- :: to toast, dry; thirst]   -- <terreō, terrēre, terruī, territus> terrify, frighten -- [Pokorny tres-, ters-, *teres- :: to quiver, tremble]   -- <Tiber, Tiberis> Tiber -- [Pokorny tā-, tə-, tāi-, təi-, tī̆-; [tāu-], təu-, tū̆- :: to thaw, melt, decay, dissipate]   -- <Tiberinus, Tiberina, Tiberinum> of Tiber -- <Tiberinus, Tiberini> Tiberinus -- <tot> so much, so many -- [Pokorny 1. to-, tā-, ti̯o- :: that, him (neut. or non-nom. demonstrative stem)]   -- <totus, tota, totum> entire -- [Pokorny tēu-, təu-, teu̯ə-, tu̯ō-, tū̆- :: to swell, intumesce]   -- <trānō, tranāre, tranāvī> swim across -- <trānseō, transīre, transīvī, transitum> go over -- [Pokorny 1. ei- :: to go, exit]   -- <tributum, tributi> specific payment, tribute -- <Troja, Trojae> Troy -- <Troianus, Troiana, Troianum> Trojan -- <trux, trucis> fierce -- [Pokorny tu̯erk̑- :: to cut]   -- <tu> you -- [Pokorny tū̆ :: thou, you]   -- <tum> then -- [Pokorny 1. to-, tā-, ti̯o- :: that, him (neut. or non-nom. demonstrative stem)]   -- <turpis, turpis, turpe> shameful, disgraceful -- [Pokorny 2. trep- :: to bow the head, turn away in shame]   -- <tutus, tuta, tutum> safe -- [Pokorny 2. teu- :: to notice, observe, listen to]   -- <Tyrius, Tyria, Tyrium> Tyrian -- <vacuus, vacua, vacuum> empty, free -- <valeō, valēre, valuī, -> be able -- [Pokorny u̯al-, u̯al-d(h)- :: to prevail, be strong]   -- <variō, variāre, variāvī, variātum> variegate -- [Pokorny 2. u̯ā- :: (to pull) apart]   -- <varius, varia, varium> various -- [Pokorny 2. u̯ā- :: (to pull) apart]   -- <-ve> or -- [Pokorny 4. au-, u- : u̯ē̆-, u̯o- :: other; that (one)]   -- <vel> either - or -- [Pokorny 4. au-, u- : u̯ē̆-, u̯o- :: other; that (one)]   -- <velamen, velaminis> cover, clothing -- [Pokorny u̯eg- :: to bind, weave]   -- <veluti> as, like -- <venatio, venationis> hunting -- [Pokorny 1. u̯en-, u̯enə- :: to love, venerate, strive/wish for]   -- <veneror, venerārī, venerātus sum> honor, venerate -- [Pokorny 1. u̯en-, u̯enə- :: to love, venerate, strive/wish for]   -- <veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum> come -- [Pokorny gā-, gem- :: to come, go]   -- <venus, veneris> grace, esteem -- [Pokorny 1. u̯en-, u̯enə- :: to love, venerate, strive/wish for]   -- <Venus, Veneris> Venus -- [Pokorny 1. u̯en-, u̯enə- :: to love, venerate, strive/wish for]   -- <verbum, verbi> word -- [Pokorny 6. u̯er- :: to speak, talk formally]   -- <vero> truly, but -- [Pokorny 11. u̯er-, u̯erə- :: to show friendship; true, very, veracious, trustworthy]   -- <versō, versāre, versāvī, versātum> turn often; pass. be involved -- [Pokorny 3h. u̯er-, u̯er-t- :: to turn, wind, invert]   -- <versus, versus> verse -- [Pokorny 3h. u̯er-, u̯er-t- :: to turn, wind, invert]   -- <vertō, vertere, vertī, versum> turn, overturn -- [Pokorny 3h. u̯er-, u̯er-t- :: to turn, wind, invert]   -- <vestitus, vestitus> clothing -- [Pokorny 5. u̯es- :: to dress, clothe, wear]   -- <vēlō, velāre, velāvī, velātum> cover -- [Pokorny u̯eg- :: to bind, weave]   -- <vicenus, viceni> twenty -- [Pokorny dek̑m̥, dek̑m̥-t, dek̑u- :: ten, decade]   -- <vicesimus, vicesima, vicesimum> twentieth -- [Pokorny dek̑m̥, dek̑m̥-t, dek̑u- :: ten, decade]   -- <victima, victimae> sacrifice -- [Pokorny 1. u̯eik- :: to choose, filter, sort out]   -- <victoria, victoriae> victory -- <victus, victus> sustenance, food -- <vicus, vici> village -- [Pokorny u̯eik̑-, u̯ik̑-, u̯oik̑o- :: house, village, settlement]   -- <videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum> see -- [Pokorny 2. u̯(e)id- :: to vide, see, wit, know]   -- <videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum> see with est -- <vir, viri> man -- [Pokorny u̯ī̆ro-s :: man, warrior]   -- <vis, vis> power, strength -- [Pokorny u̯ī̆ro-s :: man, warrior]   -- <vita, vitae> life -- [Pokorny 3. gei̯-, and gei̯ə- :: to live, survive]   -- <vitō, vitāre, vitāvī, vitātus> avoid, evade -- [Pokorny 1. ei- :: to go, exit]   -- <ulterior, ulterioris> farther, remote -- [Pokorny 1. al-, ol- :: beyond; other, alien]   -- <una> at the same place, together -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <unde> from whence -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <undecumque> from every side -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <undique> from every quarter -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <unus, una, unum> one, alone -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātum> call -- [Pokorny u̯ek- :: to voice, speak, evoke]   -- <volō, velle, voluī> wish, determine -- [Pokorny 2. u̯el-, u̯lei-, u̯lē(i)- :: to will, want, wish, choose]   -- <volō, volāre, volāvī, volātum> fly -- <voluntas, voluntatis> will, desire -- [Pokorny 2. u̯el-, u̯lei-, u̯lē(i)- :: to will, want, wish, choose]   -- <volvō, volvere, volvī, volūtum> pass through, undergo -- [Pokorny 7. u̯el-, u̯elə-, u̯lē- :: to turn, wind; round, voluble]   -- <voveo, vovēre, vōvī, vōtum> vow -- [Pokorny eu̯egh- :: to praise, worship, avow, speak formally]   -- <vox, vocis> voice -- [Pokorny u̯ek- :: to voice, speak, evoke]   -- <urbs, urbis> city -- [Pokorny g̑herdh-, and gherdh- :: to gird, enclose, encompass]   -- <usus, usus> use, practice -- [Pokorny 1. ei- :: to go, exit]   -- <ut> that, so that -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <ut> as, where -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <uter, utra, utrum> which of two -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <uti> that, so that -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <utique> certainly -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <Vulcanus, Vulcani> Vulcan, the fire-god -- <vultus, vultus> expression, face -- [Pokorny 1. u̯el- :: to see]   -- <uxor, uxoris> wife -- [Pokorny u̯eg- : ū̆g-, uks- :: damp, moist; to wet, sprinkle, irrigate; ox]   -- <ūtor, ūtī, ūsus sum> use -- [Pokorny 1. ei- :: to go, exit]   --

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