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Latin Online

Latin: Base Form Dictionary

This Base Form Dictionary index lists, in an alphabetical order suitable to the language and the script employed for it, every unique base form underlying one or more surface (word) forms in lesson texts. For each base form a general meaning (if any) is shown, along with links to every usage, in every numbered lesson, of the associated surface forms. With this index, one may click on any link to perform a quick "usage look-up," and thereby study how surface forms in texts are constructed from base forms.

A new, experimental feature is being introduced to these EIEOL lessons, namely the addition of pointers to Proto-Indo-European roots identified by Julius Pokorny in his monumental work, Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (2 vols. Bern: Franke, 1959-1969; reprinted in 1989). Because Pokorny is becoming increasingly outdated, we may revise these links in the future; however, for the time being, this information might prove interesting to those who are curious about Indo-European etymology. Notice of potential error is always welcome.

<ab> from, after -- [Pokorny apo-, pō̆, ap-u, pu :: off, out of, away from] --

<abditus, abdita, abditum> hidden place -- [Pokorny 2. dhē- :: to do, put, place, set] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<ac> and -- [Pokorny 1. ad- :: at, by, to] --

<acceptō, acceptāre, acceptāvī, acceptātum> receive --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<accidō, accidere, accidī, -> fall to, come, happen --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum> receive --

<accurate> carefully --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<acies, aciei> line of battle -- [Pokorny 2. ak̑-, ok̑- :: sharp, acute, angular; stone] --

<actus, actus> gesture, expression -- [Pokorny ag̑- :: to lead, drive, agitate] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<ad> to, towards -- [Pokorny 1. ad- :: at, by, to] --

<adeo> so, so much --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<adeō, adīre, adiī, adītum> approach, encounter --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<adferō, adferre, attulī, adlātum> bring, convey --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<adficiō, adficere, adfēcī, adfectum> afflict --

<adfīrmō, adfirmāre, adfirmāvī, adfirmātum> confirm --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<adhibeō, adhibēre, adhibuī, adhibitum> turn to, treat --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<adiungō, adjungere, adjūnxī, adjūnctum> add --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<administer, administri> administrator --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<administrō, administrāre, administrāvī, administrātum> administer, conduct --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<admittō, admittere, admīsī, admīssum> let, go, commit --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<admīror, admirārī, admirātus sum> admire --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<admodum> completely --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<adsiduus, adsidua, adsiduum> constant, continued --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<adsuēscō, adsuescere, adsuescēvī, adsuescētum> accustom --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<adsum, adesse, adfuī> be present --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<advena, advenae> stranger, foreigner --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<adveniō, advenīre, advenī, adventum> arrive, appear --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<adventus, adventus> arrival, coming -- [Pokorny g^u̯ā-, g^u̯em- :: to come, go] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<adversus> opposite to, against -- [Pokorny 3h. u̯er-, u̯er-t- :: to turn, wind, invert] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<advertō, advertere, advertī, adversum> turn to, note --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<adulescens, adulescentis> young people --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<aedificium, aedificii> building --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<aedificō, aedificāre, aedificāvī, aedificātum> build --

<Aeneas, Aeneae> Aeneas --

<aeque> equally --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<aequitas, aequitatis> uniformity, calmness --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<aequō, aequāre, aequāvī, aequātus> to make equal, smoothe --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<aes, aeris> metal, copper, money -- [Pokorny ai̯os- :: ore, metal (copper, bronze, iron)] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<aestus, aestus> heat -- [Pokorny ai-dh-, i-dh-, nasalized i-n-dh- :: to burn, shine] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<affectio, affectionis> affection --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<ager, agri> land -- [Pokorny ag̑- :: to lead, drive, agitate] --

<agō, agere, ēgī, āctum> move, conduct -- [Pokorny ag̑- :: to lead, drive, agitate] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<agricultura, agriculturae> agriculture --

<alacritas, alacritatis> delight --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<Albanus, Albana, Albanum> Alban --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<Albinus, Albini> Albinus --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<albus, alba, album> white -- [Pokorny albho- :: white, albino] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<Alcuinus, Alcuini> Alcuin --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<alienus, aliena, alienum> foreign, unfitting -- [Pokorny 1. al-, ol- :: beyond; other, alien] --

<alio> somewhere else --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<aliquamdiu> for a while --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<aliqui, aliqua, aliquod> some, any --

<aliquis, aliquis, aliquid> anyone -- [Pokorny 1. al-, ol- :: beyond; other, alien] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<alius, alia, aliud> other, some --

<alter, altera, alterum> the one, the other -- [Pokorny 1. al-, ol- :: beyond; other, alien] --

<altivolans, altivolantis> high flying --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<altus, alta, altum> high, deep -- [Pokorny 2. al- :: to grow, nourish, enhance] --

<ambactus, ambacti> dependent -- [Pokorny ag̑- :: to lead, drive, agitate] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<amicitia, amicitiae> friendship -- [Pokorny am(m)a, amī̆ :: mama, amah (nursery word)] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<amictus, amictus> outer garment -- [Pokorny ambhi, m̥bhi :: around, at both sides] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<amplius> great, distinguished -- [Pokorny 1. am-, mē- :: to grab, seize] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<Anchises, Anchisae> Anchises --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<animus, animi> soul, mind -- [Pokorny 3. an(ə)- :: to breathe, respire, animate] --

<annus, anni> year -- [Pokorny at- :: to go; year, annum] --

<ante> before -- [Pokorny ant-s :: brow, front, anterior] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<antiquus, antiqua, antiquum> ancient -- [Pokorny ant-s :: brow, front, anterior] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<aperiō, aperīre, aperuī, apertum> open -- [Pokorny apo-, pō̆, ap-u, pu :: off, out of, away from] --

<aperte> openly -- [Pokorny apo-, pō̆, ap-u, pu :: off, out of, away from] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<apertus, aperta, apertum> open -- [Pokorny apo-, pō̆, ap-u, pu :: off, out of, away from] --

<appāreō, apparēre, apparuī, -> be visible, seem -- [Pokorny pā̆r- :: to show, be visible] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<appellō, appellāre, appellāvī, appellātum> call -- [Pokorny 2a. pel-, pelə- : plā- :: to drive, propel, set in motion] --

<apud> among, with -- [Pokorny 1. ap-, more accurately əp- : ēp- :: to take, reach, grasp] --

<arma, armorum> arms -- [Pokorny 1. ar-, thematic (a)re-, heavy-base arə-, rē-, and i-base (a)rī̆-, rēi- :: to fit, suit] --

<armatus, armata, armatum> armed -- [Pokorny 1. ar-, thematic (a)re-, heavy-base arə-, rē-, and i-base (a)rī̆-, rēi- :: to fit, suit] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<ars, artis> skill, art -- [Pokorny 1. ar-, thematic (a)re-, heavy-base arə-, rē-, and i-base (a)rī̆-, rēi- :: to fit, suit] --

<artus, artus> joints, limbs -- [Pokorny 1. ar-, thematic (a)re-, heavy-base arə-, rē-, and i-base (a)rī̆-, rēi- :: to fit, suit] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<arx, arcis> citadel, fortress -- [Pokorny areq- :: to lock, guard, protect] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<asper, aspera, asperum> rough, harsh -- [Pokorny 1. sp(h)er-, sp(h)erə- :: to rush, push away, act rashly, etc.] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<astronomia, astronomiae> astronomy -- [Pokorny 2. stē̆r- :: star] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<at> and -- [Pokorny ati, ato- :: over, beyond] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<atque> and -- [Pokorny 1. ad- :: at, by, to] --

<attribuō, attribuere, attribuī, attribūtum> assign --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<audeō, audēre, ausus sum> dare to do -- [Pokorny 7. au̯-, au̯ē-, au̯ēi- :: to like, help] --

<audiō, audīre, audīvī, audītum> hear -- [Pokorny 8. au̯-, au̯ēi- :: to perceive, understand, be aware of] --

<Aventinus, Aventini> Aventine -- [Pokorny 9. au̯(e)-, au̯ed-, au̯er- :: to wet, flow, sprinkle; water, river, etc.] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<augurium, augurii> interpretation of omens, augury -- [Pokorny au̯eg-, u̯ōg-, aug-, ug- :: to augment, increase, magnify] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<avidus, avida, avidum> eager -- [Pokorny 7. au̯-, au̯ē-, au̯ēi- :: to like, help] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<avis, avis> bird -- [Pokorny au̯ei-, əu̯ei-? :: bird, avifauna] --

<aureus, aurea, aureum> golden -- [Pokorny au̯es- :: to shine] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<auspicium, auspicii> divination by the flight of birds -- [Pokorny spek̑- :: to watch, inspect, spy on] --

<aut> or -- [Pokorny 4. au-, u- : u̯ē̆-, u̯o- :: other; that (one)] --

<autem> but -- [Pokorny 4. au-, u- : u̯ē̆-, u̯o- :: other; that (one)] --

<bellum, belli> war -- [Pokorny dāu-, dəu-, dū̆- :: to burn, injure, torment] --

<belua, beluae> wild animal, monster --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<brachium, brachi> lower arm --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<Brittania, Brittaniae> Britain --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<caedes, caedis> murder -- [Pokorny (s)k(h)ai-, (s)k(h)ai-d-, (s)k(h)ai-t- :: to cuff, kick] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<caelestis, caelestis, caeleste> celestial -- [Pokorny stā- : stə- :: to stand] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<caelum, caeli> sky, heavens -- [Pokorny (s)kāi- :: bright, shining] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<caementum, caementi> quarry-stone -- [Pokorny (s)k(h)ai-, (s)k(h)ai-d-, (s)k(h)ai-t- :: to cuff, kick] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<Caesar, Caesaris> Caesar --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<campus, campi> plain, open field -- [Pokorny kam-p- :: to bend] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<candidus, candida, candidum> clear -- [Pokorny kand-, skand-, and Indo-Iranian (s)kend- :: to glow, shine; bright, candent] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<canō, canere, cecinī, cantum> sing -- [Pokorny kan- :: to sing, chant, sound] --

<capiō, capere, cēpī, captum> take, seize -- [Pokorny kagh- : kogh- :: to sew, plait, etc.] --

<carcer, carceris> prison, starting-place in a race-course --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<caro, carnis> meat -- [Pokorny 4. (s)ker-, (s)kerə-, (s)krē- :: to cut, shear, score, scribe] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<caseus, casei> cheese -- [Pokorny ku̯at(h)- :: to ferment, become sour] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<casus, casus> fall, misfortune, chance --

<causa, causae> cause, reason --

<cernō, cernere, crēvī, certum> discern, see -- [Pokorny 4. (s)ker-, (s)kerə-, (s)krē- :: to cut, shear, score, scribe] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<certō, certāre, certāvī, certātum> fight, contend --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<certus, certa, certum> certain -- [Pokorny 4. (s)ker-, (s)kerə-, (s)krē- :: to cut, shear, score, scribe] --

<cervical, cervicalis> pillow -- [Pokorny 1. k̑er-, k̑erə- : k̑rā-, k̑erei-, k̑ereu- :: horn, head, upper part of body] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<cetera> otherwise -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<ceteri, ceterae, cetera> other -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)] --

<cēdō, cedere, cessī, cessum> go from, depart -- [Pokorny sed- :: to sit, set, settle] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<circum> around -- [Pokorny 3. (s)ker- :: to bend, curve, turn] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<circumdō, circumdare, circumdedī, circumdātum> surround -- [Pokorny dō- : də-, also dō-u- : dəu- : du- :: to give, donate] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<circumferō, circumferre, circumtūlī, circumlātum> carry around -- [Pokorny 1. bher- :: to bear, bring, carry] --

<circumspectō, circumspectāre, circumspectāvī, circumspectātum> look around -- [Pokorny spek̑- :: to watch, inspect, spy on] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<citra> on this side of, without -- [Pokorny k̑o-, k̑e-, with the particle k̑e, k̑(e)i-, k̑(i)i̯o- :: this; here] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<civitas, civitatis> state -- [Pokorny 1. k̑ei- :: to lie, recline; camp, home] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<clamor, clamoris> shout -- [Pokorny 6. kel-, k(_e)lē-, k(_e)lā-, or kl̥̄-? :: to call, cry] --

<cliens, clientis> retainer -- [Pokorny k̑lei- :: to lean, incline, tip (over)] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<Cocles, Coclitis> Cocles --

<codicelli, codicellorum> notebook -- [Pokorny kāu-, kəu- :: to hew, cut, hit] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<coeo, coīre, coivī, coitum> come together, be assembled --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<cognatio, cognationis> blood-relations, kindred -- [Pokorny 2. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to ken, know, recognize] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<cognitus, cognita, cognitum> known -- [Pokorny 2. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to ken, know, recognize] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<cognomentum, cognomenti> surname -- [Pokorny 2. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to ken, know, recognize] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<cohaerens, cohaerentis> continuous, adjoining --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<colligō, collēgī, colligere, collēctum> collect --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<colonus, coloni> farmer, settler -- [Pokorny 1. k^u̯el-, k^u̯elə- :: to turn; wheel; neck?] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<color, coloris> color -- [Pokorny 4. k̑el- :: to hide, conceal] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<colō, colere, coluī, cultum> dwell in, cultivate -- [Pokorny 1. k^u̯el-, k^u̯elə- :: to turn; wheel; neck?] --

<commercium, commerci> commerce --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<commodus, commoda, commodum> used adverbially = complete, advantageous --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<commoveō, commovēre, commōvī, commōtum> move --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<commūnicō, commūnicāre, commūnicāvī, commūnicātum> communicate --

<commūtō, commūtāre, commūtāvi, commūtātum> change, exchange --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<computō, computāre, computāvī, computātum> compute --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<concēdō, concedere, concessī, concessum> grant, allow --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<concilium, concilii> council, assembly --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<concurrō, concurrere, concurrī, concursum> assemble, come together --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<condō, condere, condidī, conditum> found -- [Pokorny 2. dhē- :: to do, put, place, set] --

<conexus, conexa, conexum> adjoining --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<conloquium, conloqui> conference --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<consilium, consilii> counsel with capere --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<consilium, consilii> counsel -- [Pokorny 3. sel- :: to grab, seize, take] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<consuetudo, consuetudinis> custom, way of life --

<consul, consulis> consul -- [Pokorny 3. sel- :: to grab, seize, take] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<contentus, contenta, contentum> content --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<contineō, continēre, continuī, contentum> connect, maintain --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<contra> opposite, facing -- [Pokorny kom :: at, by, cum, with, alongside] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<controversia, controversiae> controversy -- [Pokorny kom :: at, by, cum, with, alongside] --

<copia, copiae> abundance, wealth -- [Pokorny 1. op- :: to work, perform, operate, bring about] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<copiosus, copiosa, copiosum> rich -- [Pokorny 1. op- :: to work, perform, operate, bring about] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<cor, cordis> heart -- [Pokorny k̑ered- : k̑erd-, k̑ērd-, k̑r̥d-, k̑red- :: heart] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<corpus, corporis> body -- [Pokorny 1. krep-, kr̥p- :: form; corpse, body] --

<cōgō, cōgere, coēgi, cōactum> collect, compel --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<cōnfīrmō, cōnfīrmāre, cōnfīrmāvī, cōnfīrmātum> make firm, strengthen --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<cōniciō, conicere, coniēcī, coniectum> throw --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<cōnor, conārī, conātus sum> attempt, aim -- [Pokorny 4. ken- :: to strain, strive eagerly] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<cōnserō, cōnserere, cōnseruī, cōnsertum> connect --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<cōnsistō, cōnsistere, cōnstitī, cōnstitum> stand still, consist in --

<cōnspiciō, conspicere, conspēxī, conspectum> perceive -- [Pokorny spek̑- :: to watch, inspect, spy on] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<cōnstituō, cōnstituere, cōnstituī, cōnstitūtum> decide --

<crebro> frequently, often --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<cremō, cremāre, cremāvī, cremātum> burn -- [Pokorny 3. ker(ə)- :: to burn] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<cultus, cultus> care, culture --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<cum> since, when --

<cum> with -- [Pokorny kom :: at, by, cum, with, alongside] --

<cunctor, cunctāri, cunctātus sum> hesitate with sunt -- [Pokorny k̑enk-, k̑onk- :: to hang, sway, dangle] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<cunctus, cuncta, cunctum> all -- [Pokorny kēi- :: to move, set in motion] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<cupiditas, cupiditatis> desire -- [Pokorny keu̯əp- : ku̯ēp-, ku̯əp-, kū̆p-, and occasionally keu̯(e)p-, k(e)u̯ep- :: to boil, cook, smoke] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<cupiō, cupere, cupīvī, cupītum> desire -- [Pokorny keu̯əp- : ku̯ēp-, ku̯əp-, kū̆p-, and occasionally keu̯(e)p-, k(e)u̯ep- :: to boil, cook, smoke] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<cura, curae> care -- [Pokorny kois- :: to cure, worry, care for] --

<curiosus, curiosa, curiosum> diligent --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<currus, currus> chariot -- [Pokorny 2. k̑ers- :: to run, course] --

<cursus, cursus> course -- [Pokorny 2. k̑ers- :: to run, course] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<cūrō, cūrāre, cūrāvī, cūrātum> care -- [Pokorny kois- :: to cure, worry, care for] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<de> from, about -- [Pokorny de-, do- :: I-deictic; here] --

<dea, deae> goddess -- [Pokorny 1. dei-, dei̯ə-, dī-, di̯ā- :: to shine, glitter; day, sun; god, deity] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<decretum, decreti> decision --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<deditus, dedita, deditum> devoted, addicted -- [Pokorny dō- : də-, also dō-u- : dəu- : du- :: to give, donate] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<deinde> then --

<delectatio, delectationis> pleasure, delight -- [Pokorny 1. lēk- : lək- :: tendril; trap] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<desum, deesse, defuī> be lacking -- [Pokorny es- :: is, to be] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<deus, dei> god -- [Pokorny 1. dei-, dei̯ə-, dī-, di̯ā- :: to shine, glitter; day, sun; god, deity] --

<dextra, dextrae> right hand -- [Pokorny 1. dek̑- :: to take] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<dēcernō, decernere, decrēvī, decrētum> decide -- [Pokorny 4. (s)ker-, (s)kerə-, (s)krē- :: to cut, shear, score, scribe] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<dēferō, deferre, detulī, delātum> report -- [Pokorny 1. bher- :: to bear, bring, carry] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<dēfodiō, defossere, defōdī, defossum> dig deep, hide -- [Pokorny 1. bhedh- :: to dig, stab, pierce, embed] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<dēmigrō, dēmigrāre, dēmigrāvi, dēmigrātum> withdraw -- [Pokorny 3. mei- :: to go, wander] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<dēsiliō, dēsilīre, dēsiluī, dēsultus> jump down --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<dētrahō, detrahere, dētraxī, detractum> take off, remove -- [Pokorny dherāgh- :: to drag, pull] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<dētrūdō, dētrūdere, dētrūsī, dētrūsum> dislodge -- [Pokorny tr-eu-d- :: to thrust, push, press, squash] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<dēvoveō, dēvovēre, dēvōvī, dēvōtum> devote -- [Pokorny eu̯eg^u̯h- :: to praise, worship, avow, speak formally] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<diaco, diaconis> deacon --

<dialectica, dialecticae> logic -- [Pokorny leg̑- :: to gather, collect] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<dicaculus, dicacula, dicaculum> effusive --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<dies, diei> day -- [Pokorny 1. dei-, dei̯ə-, dī-, di̯ā- :: to shine, glitter; day, sun; god, deity] --

<differō, differre, distulī, dīlātum> differ -- [Pokorny 1. bher- :: to bear, bring, carry] --

<diligenter> industriously --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<discernō, discernere, discrēvī, discrētum> separate, divide -- [Pokorny 4. (s)ker-, (s)kerə-, (s)krē- :: to cut, shear, score, scribe] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<disciplina, disciplinae> discipline, education -- [Pokorny 1. dek̑- :: to take] --

<discō, discere, didicī, -> learn -- [Pokorny 1. dek̑- :: to take] --

<dissensio, dissensionis> dissension --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<diu> long --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<diversus, diversa, diversum> contrary, diverse --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<dives, divitis> rich --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<divinus, divina, divinum> divine, sacred --

<dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum> say, state, declare -- [Pokorny deik̑- :: to teach, show] --

<dīstinguō, dīstinguere, dīstinxī, dīstinctum> divide, distinguish -- [Pokorny (s)teig- :: to stick, prick; sharp] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<doceō, docēre, docuī, doctum> teach -- [Pokorny 1. dek̑- :: to take] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<doctor, doctoris> teacher -- [Pokorny 1. dek̑- :: to take] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<doctrina, doctrinae> teaching -- [Pokorny 1. dek̑- :: to take] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<doctus, docta, doctum> learned -- [Pokorny 1. dek̑- :: to take] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<doleō, dolēre, doluī, dolitum> suffer, be angry -- [Pokorny 3. del-, dol-, delə- :: to split, divide] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<domesticus, domestica, domesticum> domestic -- [Pokorny dem-, demə- :: to build, timber; house, domicile] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<dominus, domini> lord, master -- [Pokorny dem-, demə- :: to build, timber; house, domicile] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<domus, domi> house -- [Pokorny dem-, demə- :: to build, timber; house, domicile] --

<dō, dare, dedī, dātum> give --

<druides, druidum> Druids --

<dum> while -- [Pokorny de-, do- :: I-deictic; here] --

<duo, duae, duo> two -- [Pokorny du̯ō(u) :: two, duo] --

<duritia, duritiae> hardship -- [Pokorny deru-, dō̆ru-, dr(e)u-, drou-, dreu̯ə- : drū- :: firm, solid; tree, wood] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<dux, ducis> leader -- [Pokorny deuk- :: to tug, pull, drag, tow] --

<dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductum> lead, consider -- [Pokorny deuk- :: to tug, pull, drag, tow] --

<effingō, effingere, effinxī, effīctum> form -- [Pokorny dheig̑h- :: to build, knead clay] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<ego> I -- [Pokorny eg̑-, eg̑(h)om, eg̑ō :: ego, I (pronoun)] --

<eloquentia, eloquentiae> eloquence -- [Pokorny tolk^u̯- :: to speak] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<enim> for, indeed -- [Pokorny eno-, possibly e-no- : ono- : no- : -ne- :: that] --

<eques, equitis> horseman, knight -- [Pokorny ek̑u̯o-s :: horse] --

<error, erroris> wandering -- [Pokorny 2. ere-s-, _ers-, r̥s-, _eres-, and rē̆s-, rō̆s- :: to flow] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<et> and -- [Pokorny eti :: out, beyond, etc.] --

<etiam> also, even -- [Pokorny eti :: out, beyond, etc.] --

<Etruscus, Etrusca, Etruscum> Etruscan --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<ex> out of, from -- [Pokorny eg̑hs, eg̑hz :: from, out of, ex-] --

<exeō, exire, exiī, exitum> go out, leave -- [Pokorny 1. ei- :: to go, exit] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<exercitus, excercitus> army --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<exin> after that, then -- [Pokorny 1. al-, ol- :: beyond; other, alien] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<existimō, existimāre, existimāvī, existimātum> judge, consider --

<exorior, exorīrī, exortus sum> arise, appear -- [Pokorny 3. er- : or- : r- :: to move, set in motion] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<expellō, expellere, expulī, expulsum> drive out -- [Pokorny 2a. pel-, pelə- : plā- :: to drive, propel, set in motion] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<exprimō, exprimere, expressī, expressum> express -- [Pokorny 3. per-, per-g- :: to hit, kill] --

<exquisitus, exquisita, exquisitum> exquisitely --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<exspectō, exspectāre, exspectāvī, exspectātum> wait for -- [Pokorny spek̑- :: to watch, inspect, spy on] --

<extendō, extendere, extendī, extēnsum> extend -- [Pokorny 1. ten-, tend- :: to span, stretch, extend] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<exterior, exterioris> outer -- [Pokorny eg̑hs, eg̑hz :: from, out of, ex-] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<exūberō, exūberāre, -, -> be abundant --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<ēdiscō, ēdiscere, ēdidici, -> learn, memorize -- [Pokorny 1. dek̑- :: to take] --

<ēdomō, edomāre, edomuī, ēdomitum> conquer, subdue -- [Pokorny dem-, demə- :: to build, timber; house, domicile] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<ēdō, ēdere, ēdidī, ēditum> give out -- [Pokorny dō- : də-, also dō-u- : dəu- : du- :: to give, donate] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<ēligō, ēlegere, elēgī, elēctum> choose, select -- [Pokorny leg̑- :: to gather, collect] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<ēmittō, ēmittere, ēmīsī, ēmīssum> send out -- [Pokorny smeit-, smit- :: to throw] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<ēnūntiō, ēnūtiāre, ēnuntiāvī, ēnuntiātum> speak, express -- [Pokorny nē-tr-, nə-tr- :: snake, adder] --

<ēvocō, evocare, evocāvī, evocatum> call forth, summon -- [Pokorny 1. eu-, euə- : u̯ā-, u̯ə- :: to lack, want; empty, vacant] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<facinus, facinoris> crime -- [Pokorny 2. dhē- :: to do, put, place, set] --

<faciō, facere, fēcī, factum> do, make -- [Pokorny 2. dhē- :: to do, put, place, set] --

<factio, factionis> faction -- [Pokorny 2. dhē- :: to do, put, place, set] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<facundus, facunda, facundum> fluent, eloquent -- [Pokorny 2. bhā- :: to speak] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsum> deceive, elude -- [Pokorny g^u̯hel- :: to want, wish] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<falsus, falsa, falsum> false --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<fama, famae> report, talk -- [Pokorny 2. bhā- :: to speak] --

<fas, -> right -- [Pokorny 2. bhā- :: to speak] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<fatum, fati> fate, divine utterance -- [Pokorny 2. bhā- :: to speak] --

<fauces, faucis> throat, entrance --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<femina, feminae> woman -- [Pokorny dhē(i)-, also dh-ei-? :: to suck, suckle] --

<fera, ferae> wild beast --

<fere> almost -- [Pokorny 2. dher-, dherə- :: to hold, support] --

<ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum> bear, carry -- [Pokorny 1. bher- :: to bear, bring, carry] --

<fibula, fibulae> brooch --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<fides, fidei> faith, pledge -- [Pokorny 1. bheidh- :: to force; advise, confide, encourage] --

<filia, filiae> daughter --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<filius, filii> son -- [Pokorny dhē(i)-, also dh-ei-? :: to suck, suckle] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<fimus, fimi> dung -- [Pokorny 4. dheu-, dheu̯ə-, presumably dhu̯ē-, compare suffixes dhu̯ē-k-, dhu̯ē̆-s- :: to blow, dissipate, fly about like dust, etc.] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<finiō, finīre, finīvī, finītum> finish, end -- [Pokorny dhēig^u̯- : dhōig^u̯- : dhīg^u̯- :: to dig, plant, stab, stick] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<finis, finis> border, limit -- [Pokorny dhēig^u̯- : dhōig^u̯- : dhīg^u̯- :: to dig, plant, stab, stick] --

<finitimus, finitima, finitimum> bordering, neighbor --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<fio, fierī> be made -- [Pokorny bheu-, bheu̯ə-, bhu̯ā-, bhu̯ē- : bhō̆u- : bhū- :: to be, exist; grow, prosper] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<fluitō, fluitāre, fluitāvī, -> flow --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<flumen, fluminis> river -- [Pokorny bhleu- :: to bloat, swell, blow up; flow] --

<focus, foci> fire-place, hearth -- [Pokorny bhok- :: to burn?] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<foedus, foederis> treaty -- [Pokorny 1. bheidh- :: to force; advise, confide, encourage] --

<fons, fontis> spring -- [Pokorny 1. dhen- :: to flow, run] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<for, fārī, fātus sum> talk -- [Pokorny 2. bhā- :: to speak] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<foras> forth, out -- [Pokorny dhu̯ē̆r-, dhu̯ō̆r-, dhur-, dhu̯r̥- :: door] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<fortis, fortis, forte> strong -- [Pokorny bhereg̑h-, bherg̑hos- :: high, noble; barrow, mountain] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<fortuna, fortunae> fortune -- [Pokorny 1. bher- :: to bear, bring, carry] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<foveō, fovēre, fōvī, fōtum> warm, favor -- [Pokorny dheg^u̯h- :: to burn] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<fragor, fragoris> crashing, noise -- [Pokorny bhlē̆d-, bhl̥d- :: to boil, bubble up; boast, chatter] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<frigus, frigoris> cold -- [Pokorny srīg-, srīgos- :: cold, frost] --

<frux, frugis> fruit, produce -- [Pokorny bhrūg- :: fruit; to brook, enjoy] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<fugiō, fūgī> flee, avoid -- [Pokorny 1. bheug- :: to flee, escape, seek refuge] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<Galli, Gallorum> the Gauls -- [Pokorny 3. gal-, or ghal- :: to be able] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<Gallia, Galliae> Gaul --

<gemitus, gemitus> sign, groan --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<gens, gentis> race, clan -- [Pokorny 1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce, generate] --

<genus, generis> kind, class -- [Pokorny 1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce, generate] --

<Germania, Germaniae> Germania --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<Germanus, Germana, Germanum> Germani -- [Pokorny g^u̯her- :: warm, hot] --

<gerō, gerere, gessī, gestum> bear, carry out, wear --

<gīgnō, genere, genuī, genitum> generate, produce -- [Pokorny 1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce, generate] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<gradus, gradus> step -- [Pokorny ghredh- :: to stride, march] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<Graecus, Graeca, Graecum> Greek --

<grammatica, grammaticae> grammar --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<gratia, gratiae> esteem, regard -- [Pokorny 4. g^u̯er(ə)- :: to praise, congratulate, raise one's voice] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<gravis, gravis, grave> grave, serious -- [Pokorny 2. g^u̯er-, g^u̯erə-, g^u̯erəu-, g^u̯erī- :: grave, heavy] --

<habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum> have -- [Pokorny ghabh- :: to take, grab, seize] --

<habitō, habitāre, habitāvī, habitātum> inhabit --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<habitus, habitus> clothing, dress --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<haereō, haerēre, haesī, haesūrum> stick -- [Pokorny ghais- :: to stick, be fixed to] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<heriditas, heriditatis> heredity, inheritance --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<hic, haec, hoc> there, this -- [Pokorny ghe-, gho- :: (enclitic (emphatic?) particle)] --

<hiems, hiemis> winter -- [Pokorny 2. g̑hei- : g̑hi- :: snow; winter] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<hīc> here, now --

<homo, hominis> man, human -- [Pokorny g̑hðem-, g̑hðom-, genitive-ablative g̑h(ð)m-és :: earth, ground, soil, humus] --

<honos, honoris> honor, distinction --

<Horatius, Horati> Horatius --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<hospitium, hospitii> hospitality -- [Pokorny ghosti-s :: guest, stranger] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<hostis, hostis> enemy -- [Pokorny ghosti-s :: guest, stranger] --

<humilis, humilis, humile> low, small -- [Pokorny g̑hðem-, g̑hðom-, genitive-ablative g̑h(ð)m-és :: earth, ground, soil, humus] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<jactō, jactāre, jactāvī, jactātum> throw --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<iam> already -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)] --

<ibi> there, then -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)] --

<idem, eadem, idem> the same -- [Pokorny de-, do- :: I-deictic; here] --

<ignis, ignis> fire -- [Pokorny egnis : ognis :: fire] --

<ignotus, ignota, ignotum> unknown -- [Pokorny 2. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to ken, know, recognize] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<ille, illa, illud> he, she, that -- [Pokorny 1. al-, ol- :: beyond; other, alien] --

<illinō, illere, illēvī, illitum> spread over --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<imitor, imitāre, imitātum> imitate, resemble --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<immemor, immemoris> heedless -- [Pokorny (s)mer- :: to mourn, remember, think of, care for] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<immolō, immolāre, immolāvī, immolātum> sacrifice, immolate --

<impellō, impellere, impulī, impulsum> drive, move -- [Pokorny 2a. pel-, pelə- : plā- :: to drive, propel, set in motion] --

<impendō, impendere, impendī, impēnsum> expend, devote -- [Pokorny 1. (s)pen(-d)- :: to pull, spin] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<imperitus, imperita, imperitum> inexperienced -- [Pokorny 2e. per- :: to dare, risk, try; peril, danger] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<impertiō, impertīre, impertīvī, impertītus> devote --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<impetus, impetus> attack, charge -- [Pokorny 2. pet-, petə- : ptē-, ptō-, Hellenic ptā- :: to fall, tumble down] --

<impubes, impuberis> youthful, chaste --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<in> in, on -- [Pokorny 1. en :: in] --

<incidō, incidere, incidī,-> fall in, occur --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<incipiō, incipere, incēpī, inceptum> begin --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<incohatus, incohata, incohatum> begun -- [Pokorny kagh- : kogh- :: to sew, plait, etc.] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<incolumis, incolumis, incolume> unharmed -- [Pokorny 3. kel-, kelə-, klā-, extended klād- :: to hit, hew, cut down] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<increpō, increpāre, increpuī, increpitum> scold, rebuke -- [Pokorny 1. ker-, kor-, kr- :: (onomatopoeic: hoarse sound)] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<inde> from that -- [Pokorny de-, do- :: I-deictic; here] --

<indicō, indicāre, indicāvī, indicātum> indicate -- [Pokorny deik̑- :: to teach, show] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<induperator, induperatoris> commander in chief, emperor --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<infans, infantis> infant -- [Pokorny 2. bhā- :: to speak] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<inferō, inferre, intulī, inlātum> introduce, produce -- [Pokorny 1. bher- :: to bear, bring, carry] --

<inferus, inferi> lower part -- [Pokorny n̥dhos, n̥dheri :: under] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<informis, informis, informe> unshapely, hideous -- [Pokorny 3. bher- :: to bore, cut, scrape, use sharp tool] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<ingens, ingentis> great -- [Pokorny 1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce, generate] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<iniuria, injuriae> wrong, harsh treatment -- [Pokorny i̯eu̯os- :: rule, right, justice, statute] --

<inquam> say -- [Pokorny 2. sek^u̯- :: to see, notice; show, say, speak] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<inscientia, inscientiae> ignorance -- [Pokorny skē̆i- :: to cut, skive, exscind, separate] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<insignis, insignis, insigne> distinguished --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<instructus, instructa, instructum> arranged, ready -- [Pokorny 5. ster-, sterə- : strē-, steru- : streu- :: to strew, scatter, spread out] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<insuper> above, on top -- [Pokorny upér, upéri :: over, above] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<intectus, intecta, intectum> uncovered -- [Pokorny 1. (s)teg- :: to deck, thatch, cover; house, roof] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<intellegō, intellegere, intellēxī, intellēctum> understand -- [Pokorny leg̑- :: to gather, collect] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<intentio, intentionis> effort -- [Pokorny 1. ten-, tend- :: to span, stretch, extend] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<inter> between, among -- [Pokorny 1. en :: in] --

<interdīcō, interdicere, interdīxi, interdictum> prohibit -- [Pokorny deik̑- :: to teach, show] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<interea> in the meantime --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<interpretor, interpretāri, interpretātus sum> interpret -- [Pokorny 1. en :: in] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<intersum, interesse, interfuī> lie between, concern -- [Pokorny es- :: is, to be] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<intra> within, during -- [Pokorny 1. en :: in] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<ipse, ipsa, ipsum> self -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)] --

<ira, irae> anger -- [Pokorny 1. eis- :: to move rapidly/violently] --

<is, ea, id> him, her, this -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)] --

<ita> thus -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)] --

<Italia, Italiae> Italy -- [Pokorny u̯et- :: year] --

<itaque> and also -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<item> also -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<iter, itineris> way -- [Pokorny 1. ei- :: to go, exit] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<iunctus, iuncta, iunctum> joined, united -- [Pokorny 2. i̯eu-, i̯eu̯ə-, i̯eu-g- :: to yoke, join, tie together] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<Juno, Junonis> Juno --

<ius, iuris> right -- [Pokorny i̯eu̯os- :: rule, right, justice, statute] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<iuvō, iuvāre, iūvī, iūtum> assist, help -- [Pokorny 2. i̯eu-, i̯eu̯ə-, i̯eu-g- :: to yoke, join, tie together] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<iuxta> near -- [Pokorny 2. i̯eu-, i̯eu̯ə-, i̯eu-g- :: to yoke, join, tie together] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<iūdicō, iūdicāre, iūdicāvī, iūdicātum> decide -- [Pokorny i̯eu̯os- :: rule, right, justice, statute] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<īcere, īcī, ictum> strike -- [Pokorny ā̆ik̑- : ī̆k̑- :: pike, spear, spit] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<īcere, īcī, ictum> strike with est understood --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<īgnōrō, īgnōrāre, īgnōrāvi, īgnōrātum> ignore, be unknown -- [Pokorny 2. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to ken, know, recognize] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<Karthago, Karthaginis> Carthage --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<labor, laboris> labor, effort -- [Pokorny lē̆b-, lō̆b-, lāb-, l_eb- :: lip; to slump, hang down slackly] --

<lac, lactis> milk -- [Pokorny glag-, or glak- :: milk] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<lacertus, lacerti> upper arm -- [Pokorny 2. lek- : l_ek-, and lēk- : lək- :: joint, leg, body member; to bend, wind] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<laedō, laedere, laesī, laesum> strike, offend -- [Pokorny laidh-, lidh- :: to cut, hurt, injure] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<laevus, laeva, laevum> left -- [Pokorny laiu̯o- :: (on the) left] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<Latinus, Latina, Latinum> Latin --

<Latinus, Latini> Latinus --

<Latium, Latii> Latium -- [Pokorny 2. stel-, stelə- :: to dilate, broaden, stretch out; broad] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<latus, lata, latum> broad -- [Pokorny 2. stel-, stelə- :: to dilate, broaden, stretch out; broad] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<Lavinium, Lavinii> Lavinium --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<Lavinius, Lavinia, Lavinium> Lavinian --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<Laurentinus, Laurentina, Laurentinum> Laurentinus --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<laus, laudis> praise -- [Pokorny 3. lēu-, or lāu- :: (onomatopoeic: to bark, howl, etc.)] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<lectus, lecti> bed -- [Pokorny legh- :: to lie, recline, set down] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<lex, legis> law -- [Pokorny leg̑- :: to gather, collect] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<liberalis, liberalis, liberale> liberal -- [Pokorny 1. leudh- :: to grow up; free; people] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<libertas, libertatis> liberty -- [Pokorny 1. leudh- :: to grow up; free; people] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<lineus, linea, lineum> flaxen --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<lingua, linguae> tongue, language -- [Pokorny dn̥g̑hū, dn̥g̑hu̯ā :: tongue] --

<liniamentum, liniamenti> line, designs --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<littera, litterae> letter --

<litus, litoris> shore -- [Pokorny 4. lē̆i- :: to pour] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<locō, locāre, locāvī, locātus> place, arrange -- [Pokorny 3. stel- :: to put, place] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<locuples, locupletis> rich in lands, wealthy --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<locus, loci> place -- [Pokorny 3. stel- :: to put, place] --

<longe> by far -- [Pokorny 5. del- :: long] --

<loquor, loquī, locutus sum> speak -- [Pokorny tolk^u̯- :: to speak] --

<Luna, Lunae> Luna, the moon-god -- [Pokorny leup-, and leub-, leubh- :: to lift, peel, cut/break off, etc.] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<lux, lucis> light -- [Pokorny leuk- :: to light, shine; see] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<macula, maculae> spot -- [Pokorny smē-, smeī-, sm-ei- :: to rub, smear] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<magis> more -- [Pokorny meg̑(h)- : m_eg̑(h)- :: big, much, great, major, mega-] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<magistratus, magistratus> magistrate --

<magnitudo, magnitudinis> size -- [Pokorny meg̑(h)- : m_eg̑(h)- :: big, much, great, major, mega-] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<magnus, magna, magnum> great, large -- [Pokorny meg̑(h)- : m_eg̑(h)- :: big, much, great, major, mega-] --

<mando, mandāre, mandāvī, mandātum> commit -- [Pokorny mə-r, genitive mə-n-és, mn̥tós :: hand] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<manicae, manicarum> long sleeves -- [Pokorny mə-r, genitive mə-n-és, mn̥tós :: hand] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<manus, manus> hand -- [Pokorny mə-r, genitive mə-n-és, mn̥tós :: hand] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<mare, maris> sea -- [Pokorny mori, mōri :: mere, sea] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<materia, materiae> material -- [Pokorny mātér- :: mother] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<matrimonium, matrimoni> marriage -- [Pokorny mātér- :: mother] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<melius> better -- [Pokorny 4. mel- :: big, strong] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<membrum, membri> member -- [Pokorny mēmso-, mē(m)s-ro- :: meat, flesh] --

<memini> remember -- [Pokorny (s)mer- :: to mourn, remember, think of, care for] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<memor, memoris> mindful, remembering -- [Pokorny (s)mer- :: to mourn, remember, think of, care for] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<memoria, memoriae> memory, remembrance -- [Pokorny (s)mer- :: to mourn, remember, think of, care for] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<memorō, memorāre, memorāvī, memorātus> relate, tell -- [Pokorny (s)mer- :: to mourn, remember, think of, care for] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<mens, mentis> mind -- [Pokorny 3. men- :: to think; mind, spiritual activity] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<meus, mea, meum> my -- [Pokorny 1. me- :: me (1st pers. sg. oblique pronoun stem)] --

<miles, militis> soldier -- [Pokorny 2. sem- :: one, some, together] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<militaris, militaris, militare> military -- [Pokorny 2. sem- :: one, some, together] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<minaciter> threateningly -- [Pokorny 1. men- :: to rise, mount, tower] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<minus> less -- [Pokorny 5. mei-, mi-neu- :: to lessen, diminish; small, minor] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<mittō, mittere, mīsī, missum> send, give -- [Pokorny smeit-, smit- :: to throw] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<modus, modi> kind -- [Pokorny 1. med- :: to mete, allot; medicate, give advice] --

<moenia, moenium> walls -- [Pokorny 1. mei- :: to mure, repair, strengthen; pole] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<molliō, mollīre, mollīvī, mollītum> moderate, soften -- [Pokorny 1. mel-, also smel-, melə- : mlē-, mel-d- : ml-ed-, mel-dh-, ml-ēi- : mlī̆-, melə-k- : mlā-k-, mlēu- : mlū̆- :: to mill, grind; fine, ground] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<mons, montis> mountain -- [Pokorny 1. men- :: to rise, mount, tower] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<morbus, morbi> illness -- [Pokorny 5. mer-, merə- :: to rub, wipe; pack, rob] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<mortalis, mortalis, mortale> mortal -- [Pokorny 4. mer-, merə- :: to die] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<mos, moris> custom -- [Pokorny 5. mē-, mō-, mə- :: to be intent; of strong will] --

<motus, motus> movement -- [Pokorny 2. meu̯-, meu̯ə- :: to move, push away] --

<moveō, movēre, mōvi, mōtus> move -- [Pokorny 2. meu̯-, meu̯ə- :: to move, push away] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<mox> soon -- [Pokorny mok̑s, Indo-Iranian *mok̑sū̆ :: soon] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<multitudo, multitudinis> multitude -- [Pokorny 4. mel- :: big, strong] --

<multum> greatly -- [Pokorny 4. mel- :: big, strong] --

<multus, multa, multum> many -- [Pokorny 4. mel- :: big, strong] --

<munimentum, munimenti> defence -- [Pokorny 1. mei- :: to mure, repair, strengthen; pole] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<murus, muri> wall -- [Pokorny 1. mei- :: to mure, repair, strengthen; pole] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<Musa, Musae> Muse --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<nam> for -- [Pokorny eno-, possibly e-no- : ono- : no- : -ne- :: that] --

<natio, nationis> nation -- [Pokorny 1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce, generate] --

<naturalis, naturalis, naturale> natural -- [Pokorny 1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce, generate] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<nāscor, nāscī, nātus sum> be produced, arise -- [Pokorny 1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce, generate] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<ne> so that not --

<-ne> ... --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<ne> not -- [Pokorny 1. nĕ, nē, nei :: (negative particle: no, etc.)] --

<nec> neither ... nor --

<neglegenter> carelessly -- [Pokorny leg̑- :: to gather, collect] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<nemus, nemoris> grove -- [Pokorny 2. nem- :: to bend] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<neque> neither ... nor -- [Pokorny 1. nĕ, nē, nei :: (negative particle: no, etc.)] --

<nervus, nervi> muscle -- [Pokorny snēu- : snū-, and snĕu- :: to turn, bind, attach; band, sinew] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<neve> and not, nor -- [Pokorny 1. nĕ, nē, nei :: (negative particle: no, etc.)] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<ni> if not, unless -- [Pokorny 1. nĕ, nē, nei :: (negative particle: no, etc.)] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<nihil> nothing --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<nisi> if not, unless --

<nobilis, nobilis, nobile> famous, noble -- [Pokorny 2. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to ken, know, recognize] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<nobilitas, nobilitatis> renown -- [Pokorny 2. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to ken, know, recognize] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<nomen, nominis> name -- [Pokorny en(o)mn̥-, (o)nomn̥, nōmn̥ :: name] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<non> not -- [Pokorny 1. nĕ, nē, nei :: (negative particle: no, etc.)] --

<nonnullus, nonulla, nonullum> some -- [Pokorny 1. nĕ, nē, nei :: (negative particle: no, etc.)] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<noster, nostra, nostrum> our -- [Pokorny 3. ne-, nō-, plural nē̆s-, nō̆s- :: we] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<notitia, notitiae> familiarity, carnal knowledge -- [Pokorny 2. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to ken, know, recognize] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<nox, noctis> night -- [Pokorny nek^u̯-(t-), nok^u̯-t-s :: night] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<nōscō, nōscere, nōvī, nōtum> be acquainted with, get to know -- [Pokorny 2. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to ken, know, recognize] --

<nudus, nuda, nudum> bare, naked -- [Pokorny nog^u̯-, nog^u̯od(h)o-, nog^u̯-no- :: nude, naked] --

<nullus, nulla, nullum> no, none -- [Pokorny 1. nĕ, nē, nei :: (negative particle: no, etc.)] --

<numen, numinis> authority -- [Pokorny 2. neu- :: to push (someone); to nod] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<numerus, numeri> class, number, repute -- [Pokorny 1. nem- :: to nim, take, give, count, apportion] --

<nunc> now -- [Pokorny nū̆- :: now] --

<nutus, nutus> nod, expression -- [Pokorny 2. neu- :: to push (someone); to nod] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<ob> because of -- [Pokorny epi, opi, pi :: at, near, epi-] --

<obiciō, obicere, obiēcī, obiectum> oppose -- [Pokorny ā̆ik̑- : ī̆k̑- :: pike, spear, spit] --

<obstinatus, obstinata, obstinatum> obstinate -- [Pokorny stā- : stə- :: to stand] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<obtineō, obtinēre, obtenuī, obtentum> hold --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<occultatio, occultationis> secrecy --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<occultō, occultāre, occultāvī, occultātum> conceal --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<Oceanus, Oceani> ocean -- [Pokorny ak^u̯ā-, more accurately ək^u̯ā, ēk^u̯- :: aqua, water, river] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<oculus, oculi> eye -- [Pokorny ok^u̯- :: to see, ogle; eye] --

<olim> some day -- [Pokorny 1. al-, ol- :: beyond; other, alien] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<omnis, omnis, omne> all -- [Pokorny 1. op- :: to work, perform, operate, bring about] --

<onerō, onerāre, onerāvī, onerātum> load, burden -- [Pokorny enos-, or onos- :: onus, burden] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<opera, operae> work, service, attention -- [Pokorny 1. op- :: to work, perform, operate, bring about] --

<oppidum, oppidi> city -- [Pokorny 2. pē̆d-, pō̆d- :: foot] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<oppūgnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātum> overthrow -- [Pokorny peuk̑-, and peug̑- :: to pink, stab, stick] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<ops, opis> assistance, wealth, resources -- [Pokorny 1. op- :: to work, perform, operate, bring about] --

<opus, operis> work -- [Pokorny 1. op- :: to work, perform, operate, bring about] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<ora, orae> mouth, boundary, coast -- [Pokorny 1. ōus- : əus- :: os, mouth] --

<ordo, ordinis> order -- [Pokorny 1. ar-, thematic (a)re-, heavy-base arə-, rē-, and i-base (a)rī̆-, rēi- :: to fit, suit] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<orior, orīrī, ortus sum> arise -- [Pokorny 1. ar-, thematic (a)re-, heavy-base arə-, rē-, and i-base (a)rī̆-, rēi- :: to fit, suit] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<os, oris> mouth -- [Pokorny 1. ōus- : əus- :: os, mouth] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<ostendō, ostendere, ostendī, ostentum> show, point out -- [Pokorny epi, opi, pi :: at, near, epi-] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<ostium, ostii> mouth, entrance -- [Pokorny 1. ōus- : əus- :: os, mouth] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<ōrō, ōrāre, ōrāvī, ōrātum> speak -- [Pokorny ōr-, ər- :: to call, speak, talk, orate] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<paene> almost -- [Pokorny pē(i)-, pī- :: to hurt, scold, shame] --

<parō, parāre, parāvī, parātum> prepare, obtain -- [Pokorny 2c. per-, perə- :: to sell, impart] --

<pars, partis> part -- [Pokorny 2c. per-, perə- :: to sell, impart] --

<Parthi, Parthorum> Parthians --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<parum> too little -- [Pokorny pōu- : pəu- : pū̆- :: few, small, little; young (of animals)] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<parvulus, parvula, parvulum> childhood -- [Pokorny pōu- : pəu- : pū̆- :: few, small, little; young (of animals)] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<parvus, parva, parvum> small -- [Pokorny pōu- : pəu- : pū̆- :: few, small, little; young (of animals)] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<pateō, patēre, patuī, -> lie open, be exposed -- [Pokorny 1. pet-, p_et-, petə- :: to stretch out (esp. arms)] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<pater, patris> father -- [Pokorny pətḗ(r), genitive pətr-és :: father] --

<patior, patī, passus sum> suffer, endure -- [Pokorny pē(i)-, pī- :: to hurt, scold, shame] --

<patria, patriae> fatherland -- [Pokorny pətḗ(r), genitive pətr-és :: father] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<patrius, patria, patrium> paternal -- [Pokorny pətḗ(r), genitive pətr-és :: father] --

<paulatim> gradually -- [Pokorny pōu- : pəu- : pū̆- :: few, small, little; young (of animals)] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<paulo> little -- [Pokorny pōu- : pəu- : pū̆- :: few, small, little; young (of animals)] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<pavor, pavoris> fear, dread -- [Pokorny pēu- : pəu- : pū̆- :: to hit; sharp] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<pax, pacis> peace -- [Pokorny pā̆k̑-, and pā̆g̑- :: to repair, strengthen] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<pāreō, parēre, pāruī, -> comply -- [Pokorny pā̆r- :: to show, be visible] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<pectus, pectoris> breast -- [Pokorny peg- : pog- : pōg-, pō̆k-s- :: hip, side, shoulder] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<pecunia, pecuniae> money -- [Pokorny 2. pek̑- :: to fleece; fee, cattle] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<pellis, pellis> skin, hide -- [Pokorny 3b. pel-, pelə-, plē- :: to wrap, cover; cloth; fell, pelt] --

<Penates, Penatium> household gods -- [Pokorny 1. pen- :: to feed] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<per> through, by -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --

<percūnctor, percunctārī, percunctātus sum> inquire with est understood -- [Pokorny k̑enk-, k̑onk- :: to hang, sway, dangle] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<peregrinus, peregrini> foreign --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<perfectus, perfecta, perfectum> complete --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<periculum, periculi> danger -- [Pokorny 2e. per- :: to dare, risk, try; peril, danger] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<perluō, perluere, perluī, perlūtum> wash, bathe -- [Pokorny lou-, lou̯ə- :: to lave, wash] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<permaneō, permanēre, permansī, permansum> stay, continue -- [Pokorny 5. men- :: to stay, remain, stand still] --

<perveniō, pervenīre, pervēnī, perventum> arrive, reach with est -- [Pokorny g^u̯ā-, g^u̯em- :: to come, go] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<petō, petere, petīvī, petītum> seek -- [Pokorny 2. pet-, petə- : ptē-, ptō-, Hellenic ptā- :: to fall, tumble down] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<Petrus, Petri> Peter --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<pēnsō, pēnsāre, pēnsāvī, pēnsātus> weigh, ponder --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<pictura, picturae> painting -- [Pokorny 1. peig-, and peik- :: colored, speckled] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<pictus, picta, pictum> painted -- [Pokorny 1. peig-, and peik- :: colored, speckled] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<pietas, pietatis> piety --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<Pisanus, Pisana, Pisanum> Pisan --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<placeō, placēre, placuī, placitum> please -- [Pokorny 1. plā-k- : plə-k-, ple-k- : plō̆-k-, plei-k-, and pelə-g- : plā-g- : plə-g- :: flat, wide, broad; spread out] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<plebs, plebis> common people -- [Pokorny 1. pel-, pelə-, plē- :: to pour, fill; full, plenary; town?] --

<plerusque, pleraeque, pleraque> most, the majority -- [Pokorny 1. pel-, pelə-, plē- :: to pour, fill; full, plenary; town?] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<plurimum> very much, especially -- [Pokorny 1. pel-, pelə-, plē- :: to pour, fill; full, plenary; town?] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<plus> more -- [Pokorny 1. pel-, pelə-, plē- :: to pour, fill; full, plenary; town?] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<poena, poenae> punishment, penalty -- [Pokorny 1. k^u̯ei(-t)- :: to observe with respect, pay attention to] --

<pons, pontis> bridge -- [Pokorny pent- :: to go, walk, pad, tread; way, path] --

<populor, populāri, populatus sum> devastate, plunder --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<populus, populi> people --

<possessio, possessionis> possession -- [Pokorny sed- :: to sit, set, settle] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<possum, posse, potuī> be able -- [Pokorny poti-s :: host, husband, lord, master, owner] --

<post> after -- [Pokorny pos :: about, around; by, beside; in front of] --

<posteri, posterae, postera> future generations -- [Pokorny pos :: about, around; by, beside; in front of] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<posthabeō, posthabēre, posthabuī, posthabitum> place after, esteem less -- [Pokorny ghabh- :: to take, grab, seize] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<postquam> after -- [Pokorny pos :: about, around; by, beside; in front of] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<potens, potentis> powerful -- [Pokorny poti-s :: host, husband, lord, master, owner] --

<potentia, potentiae> power -- [Pokorny poti-s :: host, husband, lord, master, owner] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<pōnō, ponere, posuī, positum> place, situate -- [Pokorny 2. sē(i)- : səi- : sī-, sē- : sə-, and sei- : si- :: to sow, dispatch, disseminate, let fall] --

<praebeō, praebēre, praebuī, praebitus> offer, provide -- [Pokorny ghabh- :: to take, grab, seize] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<praeceptor, praeceptoris> teacher --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<praecipue> chiefly --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<praemium, praemii> reward --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<praepes, praepetis> of good omen, favorable -- [Pokorny 2. pet-, petə- : ptē-, ptō-, Hellenic ptā- :: to fall, tumble down] --

<praeposterus, praepostera, praeposterum> unseasonable -- [Pokorny pos :: about, around; by, beside; in front of] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<praesidium, praesidii> guard --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<praesum, praesse, praefuī> have charge of, preside over -- [Pokorny es- :: is, to be] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<precor, precārī, precātus sum> pray -- [Pokorny 4. perk̑-, prek̑-, pr̥k̑- :: to request, ask/pray for] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<premō, pemere, pressī, pressum> press, oppress -- [Pokorny 3. per-, per-g- :: to hit, kill] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<primoris, primoris, primore> chieftain, leader -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<primus, prima, primum> first -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<princeps, principis> chief -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<privatus, privata, privatum> private, individual -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --

<priusquam> before -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<pro> for, before -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --

<procer, proceris> nobleman -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<proelium, proelii> battle --

<proficīscor, proficiscī, profectus sum> set out --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<profugus, profuga, profugum> fugitive -- [Pokorny 1. bheug- :: to flee, escape, seek refuge] --

<progenies, -> offspring, race -- [Pokorny 1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce, generate] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<promiscue> promiscuous -- [Pokorny mei-k̑-, and mei-g̑-? :: to mix, mash, stir] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<pronuntiō, pronuntiāre, pronuntiāvī, pronuntiātum> pronounce -- [Pokorny 1. neu- :: to call, praise] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<prope> near -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<propitius, propitia, propitium> propitious --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<propritim> as one's own -- [Pokorny pətḗ(r), genitive pətr-és :: father] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<proprius, propria, proprium> proper, own -- [Pokorny pətḗ(r), genitive pətr-és :: father] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<proximus, proxima, proximum> next to -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<prōcēdō, procedere, processī, processum> advance -- [Pokorny sed- :: to sit, set, settle] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<prōcūrō, prōcūrāre, prōcūrāvi, prōcūrātum> take care of -- [Pokorny kois- :: to cure, worry, care for] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<prōdō, prodere, prodīdī, proditum> put forth, make known -- [Pokorny dō- : də-, also dō-u- : dəu- : du- :: to give, donate] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<prōpōnō, proponere, proposuī, propositum> point out, set forth -- [Pokorny 2. sē(i)- : səi- : sī-, sē- : sə-, and sei- : si- :: to sow, dispatch, disseminate, let fall] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<prōpulsō, propulsāre, propulsātus, -> ward off, repulse -- [Pokorny 2a. pel-, pelə- : plā- :: to drive, propel, set in motion] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<prōvocō, provocāre, provocāvī, provocātum> challenge -- [Pokorny 1. eu-, euə- : u̯ā-, u̯ə- :: to lack, want; empty, vacant] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<publicus, publica, publicum> public --

<pudor, pudoris> shame -- [Pokorny pēu- : pəu- : pū̆- :: to hit; sharp] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<puer, pueri> boy -- [Pokorny pōu- : pəu- : pū̆- :: few, small, little; young (of animals)] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum> beautiful, excellent -- [Pokorny 2. perk̑-, prek̑- :: spotted, speckled] --

<purpura, purpurae> purple, purple cloth --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<purus, pura, purum> pure -- [Pokorny 1. peu-, peu̯ə- : pū̆- :: to sift, clean, purge, purify] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<putō, putāre, putāvī, putātum> think -- [Pokorny 2. peu- :: to repute, explore, understand] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītum> look for, search --

<quam> than -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

<quando> ever, at some time -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<quantum> as much -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<quattuor> four -- [Pokorny k^u̯etu̯er-, k^u̯etu̯ō̆r-, k^u̯_etur- (masc.), k^u̯etes(o)r- (fem.) :: four, fourth] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<-que> and -- [Pokorny 1. k^u̯e :: (enclitic) and] --

<qui, quae, quod> which, what -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

<qui, quae, quod> who, which, what, that -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

<qui, qua(e), quod> some, any -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

<quia> because -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<quidam, quaedam, quoddam> a certain, some -- [Pokorny de-, do- :: I-deictic; here] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<quidem> in fact, even -- [Pokorny de-, do- :: I-deictic; here] --

<quis, quis, quid> who, what -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

<quis, quis, quid> someone, anything -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

<quisque, quaeque, quodque> everyone -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

<quisquis, quaeque, quicquid> whoever, whatever -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

<quo> what -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<quod> that, because -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

<quom> when -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<quoniam> since -- [Pokorny de-, do- :: I-deictic; here] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<quoque> also --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<quotannis> yearly -- [Pokorny at- :: to go; year, annum] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<radius, radii> rod, beam -- [Pokorny u̯(e)rād-, u̯_erəd-, u̯rəd- :: root, branch, twig] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<ratio, rationis> account, affair -- [Pokorny 1. ar-, thematic (a)re-, heavy-base arə-, rē-, and i-base (a)rī̆-, rēi- :: to fit, suit] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<receptaculum, receptaculi> receptacle, storage place --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<recēdō, rēcedere, rēcessī, rēcessum> retire, withdraw -- [Pokorny sed- :: to sit, set, settle] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<regina, reginae> queen -- [Pokorny 1. reg̑- :: to regulate, make just/right; king, reign] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<regnum, regni> kingship, supreme power -- [Pokorny 1. reg̑- :: to regulate, make just/right; king, reign] --

<religio, religionis> religious practice -- [Pokorny leg̑- :: to gather, collect] --

<reliquus, reliqua, reliquum> remaining, rest -- [Pokorny leik^u̯- :: to leave, relinquish] --

<remedium, remedii> remedy, assistance --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<Remora, Remorae> Remora --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<Remus, Remi> Remus --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<reno, renonis> deer-skin -- [Pokorny u̯_eren- :: lamb, ram, sheep] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<res, rei> thing, matter -- [Pokorny 4. rei- : rēi- :: thing, possession] --

<restis, restis> undergarment -- [Pokorny rezg- :: to plait, weave, wind] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<rex, regis> king -- [Pokorny 1. reg̑- :: to regulate, make just/right; king, reign] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<rēiciō, rēicere, rējēcī, rējectum> push back, reject --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<rhetorica, rhetoricae> rhetoric -- [Pokorny 6. u̯er- :: to speak, talk formally] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<rigor, rigoris> rigor -- [Pokorny 1. reg̑- :: to regulate, make just/right; king, reign] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<rimor, rimāri, rimātus sum> search, explore --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<ripa, ripae> river-bank --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<Roma, Romae> Rome --

<Romanus, Romana, Romanum> Roman -- [Pokorny 1. k^u̯er- :: to do, make, form] --

<Romulus, Romuli> Romulus --

<rumor, rumoris> murmur, rumor -- [Pokorny 1. reu-, rēu-, rū̆- :: (onomatopoeic: to roar, rout, round, etc.)] --

<rumpō, rumpere, rūpī, ruptus> break -- [Pokorny 2. reu-, reu̯ə- : rū̆- :: to open, tear out, dig/rip up, etc.] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<sacrificium, sacrifici> sacrifice --

<saepe> often -- [Pokorny saip- :: fence, stall, enclosure] --

<saepiō, saepīre, saepsī, saeptum> surround -- [Pokorny saip- :: fence, stall, enclosure] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<saevus, saeva, saevum> fierce, cruel -- [Pokorny sāi- :: pain, illness; sore] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<sagax, sagacis> keen, sagacious -- [Pokorny sāg- :: to seek, track, trail] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<sagum, sagi> rough mantle -- [Pokorny 2. seg-, nasalized seng- :: to attach, tack on] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<salutatio, salutationis> saluting -- [Pokorny solo-, sol(e)u̯o- :: whole, well-kept, salubrious] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<Samos, Sami> Samos --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<sanciō, sancīre, sānxī, sānctum> enact -- [Pokorny sak- :: to sacrifice, sanctify, make a treaty] --

<sanctus, sancta, sanctum> holy -- [Pokorny sak- :: to sacrifice, sanctify, make a treaty] --

<sanguis, sanguinis> blood --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<Sarmatae, Sarmatarum> Sarmatians --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<satis> adequately, sufficiently -- [Pokorny sā-, sə- :: enough, satiate, sufficient] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<Saxonicus, Saxonici> Saxon --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<scamnum, scamni> bench, seat -- [Pokorny skabh-, skambh- :: to support] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<scrībō, scribere, scrīpsī, scriptum> write -- [Pokorny 4. (s)ker-, (s)kerə-, (s)krē- :: to cut, shear, score, scribe] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<scutum, scuti> shield -- [Pokorny skē̆i- :: to cut, skive, exscind, separate] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<secundum> following -- [Pokorny 1. sek^u̯- :: to segue, follow] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<secundus, secunda, secundum> second, favorable -- [Pokorny 1. sek^u̯- :: to segue, follow] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<sed> but -- [Pokorny seni-, senu-, s_eni-, sn̥-ter- :: for oneself; sundry, separate] --

<sedes, sedis> seat, habitation -- [Pokorny sed- :: to sit, set, settle] --

<senex, senis> aged -- [Pokorny sen(o)- :: old, senile, senior] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<sensa, sensorum> ideas -- [Pokorny sent- :: to send, go, choose direction; to sense] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<sententia, sententiae> sentence -- [Pokorny sent- :: to send, go, choose direction; to sense] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<sermo, sermonis> language -- [Pokorny 1. su̯er-, also ser-? :: to speak, swear, answer] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<sero> too late -- [Pokorny 2. sē(i)- : səi- : sī-, sē- : sə-, and sei- : si- :: to sow, dispatch, disseminate, let fall] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<servitium, servitii> servitude -- [Pokorny 2. ser- :: to serve, guard, protect, shelter] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<servitus, servitutis> servitude, slavery -- [Pokorny 2. ser- :: to serve, guard, protect, shelter] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<servō, servāre, servāvī, servātum> guard, keep, watch -- [Pokorny 2. ser- :: to serve, guard, protect, shelter] --

<servus, servi> slave -- [Pokorny 2. ser- :: to serve, guard, protect, shelter] --

<si> if -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own] --

<sic> so, thus -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own] --

<sicut> as, like -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

<sidus, sideris> constellation, heavenly body -- [Pokorny 1. su̯eid- :: to shine, glisten] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<signum, signi> sign -- [Pokorny 2. sē̆k- :: to cut, section, dissect] --

<simul> at the same time -- [Pokorny 2. sem- :: one, some, together] --

<singulus, singula, singulum> single, individual -- [Pokorny 1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce, generate] --

<sinō, sinere, sīvī> permit, allow -- [Pokorny 2. sē(i)- : səi- : sī-, sē- : sə-, and sei- : si- :: to sow, dispatch, disseminate, let fall] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<sive> or if, whether ... or -- [Pokorny 4. au-, u- : u̯ē̆-, u̯o- :: other; that (one)] --

<sol, solis> sun -- [Pokorny sā́u̯el-, sāu̯ol-, suu̯él-, su̯el-, sūl- :: Sol, sun] --

<Sol, Solis> sun -- [Pokorny sā́u̯el-, sāu̯ol-, suu̯él-, su̯el-, sūl- :: Sol, sun] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<solitus, solita, solitum> accustomed -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<solum, soli> foundation -- [Pokorny 3. su̯el-, su̯ol-, sul- :: sole of foot; ground] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<solus, sola, solum> alone -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own] --

<sonitus, sonitus> sound -- [Pokorny su̯en- :: to sound, resound] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<sonō, sonāre, sonuī, sonitus> pronounce -- [Pokorny su̯en- :: to sound, resound] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<sōleō, solēre, solitum> be accustomed -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own] --

<spargō, spargere, sparsī, sparsum> strew, sprinkle -- [Pokorny *(s)p(h)ereg-, (s)p(h)erəg-, (s)p(h)rēg-, nasalized spreng- :: to rush, hurry; strew, sprinkle, disperse] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<spatium, spatii> space -- [Pokorny 3. sp(h)ē(i)-, spī-, and sphē- : sphə- :: to fatten, prosper, succeed, etc.] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<species, speciei> appearance -- [Pokorny spek̑- :: to watch, inspect, spy on] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<spectō, spectāre, spectāvī, spectātum> look, gaze -- [Pokorny spek̑- :: to watch, inspect, spy on] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<specus, specus> cave, pit -- [Pokorny spek̑- :: to watch, inspect, spy on] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<spes, spei> hope -- [Pokorny 3. sp(h)ē(i)-, spī-, and sphē- : sphə- :: to fatten, prosper, succeed, etc.] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<spina, spinae> thorn -- [Pokorny 1. (s)p(h)ē̆i- : (s)p(h)ī̆- :: sharp/pointed stick: spile, spit, etc.] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<splendeo, splendere, -, -> shine, be bright -- [Pokorny 2. (s)p(h)el- :: to shine, glitter] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<stabiliō, stabilīre, stabilīvī, stabilītus> establish, confirm -- [Pokorny stā- : stə- :: to stand] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<stabilis, stabilis, stabile> stable -- [Pokorny stā- : stə- :: to stand] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<statio, stationis> station, guard -- [Pokorny stā- : stə- :: to stand] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<statura, staturae> stature, height -- [Pokorny stā- : stə- :: to stand] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<stō, stāre, stēti, statum> stand, abide -- [Pokorny stā- : stə- :: to stand] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<strictus, stricta, strictum> drawn together, tight -- [Pokorny 2. streig- :: taut, stiff, strict; to twist; rope] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<studeō, studēre, studuī> give attention, be devoted -- [Pokorny 1. (s)teu- :: to hit, push, thrust] --

<studiosus, studiosa, studiosum> eager, studious -- [Pokorny 1. (s)teu- :: to hit, push, thrust] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<studium, studii> application, study -- [Pokorny 1. (s)teu- :: to hit, push, thrust] --

<sub> under -- [Pokorny upo, up, eup, (e)up-s- :: under, (from) below, etc.] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<subitus, subita, subitum> sudden -- [Pokorny upo, up, eup, (e)up-s- :: under, (from) below, etc.] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<sublicius, sublicia, sublicium> resting on piles --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<subterraneus, subterranei> underground -- [Pokorny ters- :: to toast, dry; thirst] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<succēdō, succedere, successī, sucessum> enter, succeed -- [Pokorny sed- :: to sit, set, settle] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<sufferō, sufferre, sustulī, sublātum> take up, lift -- [Pokorny 1. bher- :: to bear, bring, carry] --

<suffugium, suffugii> refuge, shelter -- [Pokorny 1. bheug- :: to flee, escape, seek refuge] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<sui> self --

<sum, esse, fuī> I am with data --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<sum, esse, fuī> I am with perventum --

<sum, esse, fuī> I am with cunctati --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<sum, esse, fuī> I am -- [Pokorny es- :: is, to be] --

<summus, summa, summum> highest with rebus -- [Pokorny upo, up, eup, (e)up-s- :: under, (from) below, etc.] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<superbus, superba, superbum> haughty -- [Pokorny bheu-, bheu̯ə-, bhu̯ā-, bhu̯ē- : bhō̆u- : bhū- :: to be, exist; grow, prosper] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<superincidō, superincindere> fall down --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<superus, supera, superum> higher, gods -- [Pokorny upér, upéri :: over, above] --

<sustineō, sustinēre, sustinuī, sustentum> hold back -- [Pokorny upo, up, eup, (e)up-s- :: under, (from) below, etc.] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<suus, sua, suum> own -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own] --

<tabula, tabulae> tablet -- [Pokorny 2. tel-, telə-, telu- :: flat (board, ground)] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<tamen> nevertheless, but -- [Pokorny 1. to-, tā-, ti̯o- :: that, him (neut. or non-nom. demonstrative stem)] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<tamquam> just as, as if -- [Pokorny 1. to-, tā-, ti̯o- :: that, him (neut. or non-nom. demonstrative stem)] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<tandem> finally -- [Pokorny 1. to-, tā-, ti̯o- :: that, him (neut. or non-nom. demonstrative stem)] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<tantum> only -- [Pokorny 1. to-, tā-, ti̯o- :: that, him (neut. or non-nom. demonstrative stem)] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<tantus, tanta, tantum> such -- [Pokorny 1. to-, tā-, ti̯o- :: that, him (neut. or non-nom. demonstrative stem)] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<tegula, tegulae> tile -- [Pokorny 1. (s)teg- :: to deck, thatch, cover; house, roof] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<tegumen, teguminis> clothing, covering -- [Pokorny 1. (s)teg- :: to deck, thatch, cover; house, roof] --

<telum, teli> weapon, spear -- [Pokorny tek̑þ- :: to plait] --

<temerarius, temeraria, temerarium> rash, indiscreet --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<temptō, temptāre, temptāvī, temptātum> attempt --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<tempus, temporis> time -- [Pokorny temp- :: to span, stretch, extend] --

<tendō, tenere, tenuī, tentum> stretch, pursue -- [Pokorny 1. ten-, tend- :: to span, stretch, extend] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<teneō, tenēre, tenuī, -> hold, control, understand -- [Pokorny 1. ten-, tend- :: to span, stretch, extend] --

<ter> three -- [Pokorny trei- :: three, trio] --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<terra, terrae> earth, land -- [Pokorny ters- :: to toast, dry; thirst] --

<terreō, terrēre, terruī, territus> terrify, frighten -- [Pokorny tres-, ters-, *teres- :: to quiver, tremble] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<Tiber, Tiberis> Tiber -- [Pokorny tā-, tə-, tāi-, təi-, tī̆-; [tāu-], təu-, tū̆- :: to thaw, melt, decay, dissipate] --

<Tiberinus, Tiberina, Tiberinum> of Tiber --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<Tiberinus, Tiberini> Tiberinus --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<tot> so much, so many -- [Pokorny 1. to-, tā-, ti̯o- :: that, him (neut. or non-nom. demonstrative stem)] --

<totus, tota, totum> entire -- [Pokorny tēu-, təu-, teu̯ə-, tu̯ō-, tū̆- :: to swell, intumesce] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<trānō, tranāre, tranāvī> swim across --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<trānseō, transīre, transīvī, transitum> go over -- [Pokorny 1. ei- :: to go, exit] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<tributum, tributi> specific payment, tribute --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<Troja, Trojae> Troy --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<Troianus, Troiana, Troianum> Trojan --

<trux, trucis> fierce -- [Pokorny tu̯erk̑- :: to cut] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<tu> you -- [Pokorny tū̆ :: thou, you] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<tum> then -- [Pokorny 1. to-, tā-, ti̯o- :: that, him (neut. or non-nom. demonstrative stem)] --

<turpis, turpis, turpe> shameful, disgraceful -- [Pokorny 2. trep- :: to bow the head, turn away in shame] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<tutus, tuta, tutum> safe -- [Pokorny 2. teu- :: to notice, observe, listen to] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<Tyrius, Tyria, Tyrium> Tyrian --

<vacuus, vacua, vacuum> empty, free --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<valeō, valēre, valuī, -> be able -- [Pokorny u̯al-, u̯al-d(h)- :: to prevail, be strong] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<variō, variāre, variāvī, variātum> variegate -- [Pokorny 2. u̯ā- :: (to pull) apart] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<varius, varia, varium> various -- [Pokorny 2. u̯ā- :: (to pull) apart] --

<-ve> or -- [Pokorny 4. au-, u- : u̯ē̆-, u̯o- :: other; that (one)] --

<vel> either - or -- [Pokorny 4. au-, u- : u̯ē̆-, u̯o- :: other; that (one)] --

<velamen, velaminis> cover, clothing -- [Pokorny u̯eg- :: to bind, weave] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<veluti> as, like --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<venatio, venationis> hunting -- [Pokorny 1. u̯en-, u̯enə- :: to love, venerate, strive/wish for] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<veneror, venerārī, venerātus sum> honor, venerate -- [Pokorny 1. u̯en-, u̯enə- :: to love, venerate, strive/wish for] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum> come -- [Pokorny g^u̯ā-, g^u̯em- :: to come, go] --

<venus, veneris> grace, esteem -- [Pokorny 1. u̯en-, u̯enə- :: to love, venerate, strive/wish for] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<Venus, Veneris> Venus -- [Pokorny 1. u̯en-, u̯enə- :: to love, venerate, strive/wish for] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<verbum, verbi> word -- [Pokorny 6. u̯er- :: to speak, talk formally] --

<vero> truly, but -- [Pokorny 11. u̯er-, u̯erə- :: to show friendship; true, very, veracious, trustworthy] --

<versō, versāre, versāvī, versātum> turn often; pass. be involved -- [Pokorny 3h. u̯er-, u̯er-t- :: to turn, wind, invert] --

<versus, versus> verse -- [Pokorny 3h. u̯er-, u̯er-t- :: to turn, wind, invert] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<vertō, vertere, vertī, versum> turn, overturn -- [Pokorny 3h. u̯er-, u̯er-t- :: to turn, wind, invert] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<vestitus, vestitus> clothing -- [Pokorny 5. u̯es- :: to dress, clothe, wear] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<vēlō, velāre, velāvī, velātum> cover -- [Pokorny u̯eg- :: to bind, weave] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<vicenus, viceni> twenty -- [Pokorny dek̑m̥, dek̑m̥-t, dek̑u- :: ten, decade] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Section 13

<vicesimus, vicesima, vicesimum> twentieth -- [Pokorny dek̑m̥, dek̑m̥-t, dek̑u- :: ten, decade] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<victima, victimae> sacrifice -- [Pokorny 1. u̯eik- :: to choose, filter, sort out] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<victoria, victoriae> victory --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<victus, victus> sustenance, food --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<vicus, vici> village -- [Pokorny u̯eik̑-, u̯ik̑-, u̯oik̑o- :: house, village, settlement] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum> see -- [Pokorny 2. u̯(e)id- :: to vide, see, wit, know] --

<videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum> see with est --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<vir, viri> man -- [Pokorny u̯ī̆ro-s :: man, warrior] --

<vis, vis> power, strength -- [Pokorny u̯ī̆ro-s :: man, warrior] --

<vita, vitae> life -- [Pokorny 3. g^u̯ei̯-, and g^u̯ei̯ə- :: to live, survive] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<vitō, vitāre, vitāvī, vitātus> avoid, evade -- [Pokorny 1. ei- :: to go, exit] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<ulterior, ulterioris> farther, remote -- [Pokorny 1. al-, ol- :: beyond; other, alien] --

from Tacitus' Germania, Section 16

<una> at the same place, together -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<unde> from whence -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

<undecumque> from every side -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

from Einhard's On Charlemagne

<undique> from every quarter -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 2, Section 10

<unus, una, unum> one, alone -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)] --

<vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātum> call -- [Pokorny u̯ek^u̯- :: to voice, speak, evoke] --

<volō, velle, voluī> wish, determine -- [Pokorny 2. u̯el-, u̯lei-, u̯lē(i)- :: to will, want, wish, choose] --

<volō, volāre, volāvī, volātum> fly --

from Ennius' Annals, Sections 80-100

<voluntas, voluntatis> will, desire -- [Pokorny 2. u̯el-, u̯lei-, u̯lē(i)- :: to will, want, wish, choose] --

<volvō, volvere, volvī, volūtum> pass through, undergo -- [Pokorny 7. u̯el-, u̯elə-, u̯lē- :: to turn, wind; round, voluble] --

from Virgil's Aeneid, Section 1ff.

<voveo, vovēre, vōvī, vōtum> vow -- [Pokorny eu̯eg^u̯h- :: to praise, worship, avow, speak formally] --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 15-20

<vox, vocis> voice -- [Pokorny u̯ek^u̯- :: to voice, speak, evoke] --

<urbs, urbis> city -- [Pokorny g̑herdh-, and gherdh- :: to gird, enclose, encompass] --

<usus, usus> use, practice -- [Pokorny 1. ei- :: to go, exit] --

<ut> that, so that -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

<ut> as, where -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

<uter, utra, utrum> which of two -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

<uti> that, so that -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

<utique> certainly -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<Vulcanus, Vulcani> Vulcan, the fire-god --

from Caesar's Gallic War, Book 6, Sections 21-22

<vultus, vultus> expression, face -- [Pokorny 1. u̯el- :: to see] --

from Augustine's Confessions, Book 1, Section 8

<uxor, uxoris> wife -- [Pokorny u̯eg^u̯- : ū̆g^u̯-, uk^u̯s- :: damp, moist; to wet, sprinkle, irrigate; ox] --

from Livy's History of Rome, Book 1, Section 1

<ūtor, ūtī, ūsus sum> use -- [Pokorny 1. ei- :: to go, exit] --

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