Old Russian Online

Lessons

0. Introduction to Old Russian
1. Invitation to the Varangians lines 1-9, from the Primary Chronicle
2. Invitation to the Varangians lines 10-17, from the Primary Chronicle
3. Death of Igor lines 1-38, from the Primary Chronicle
4. Olga's Revenge lines 38-70, from the Primary Chronicle
5. Olga's Revenge lines 71-101, from the Primary Chronicle
6. Olga's Revenge lines 102-143, from the Primary Chronicle
7. Olga's Revenge lines 143-164, from the Primary Chronicle
8. Excerpt from the Story of Boris and Gleb, lines 1-20
9. Excerpt from the Story of Boris and Gleb, lines 21-42
10. Excerpt from the Story of Boris and Gleb, lines 43-63
11. Selected Annotated Bibliography

Grammar Points

• 1. Alphabet.
• 2. Sound System.
• 3. Twofold Declension.
•     3.1. o, jo-Stem Nouns.
•     3.2. a, ja-Stem Nouns.
• 4. Verb Inflection.
•     4.1. Present Tense.
•     4.2. Imperfect Tense.
• 5. Word Order.
•     5.1. Subject & Predicate.
•     5.2. Modifier & Modified.
•     5.3. Enclitics.
• 6. Palatalization & Retraction.
•     6.1. Background: Important Vowel Shifts.
•     6.2. Palatalization of Velars.
•     6.3. Softening Chart.
•     6.4. j-Palatalization.
•     6.5. Retraction.
• 7. Reduced Vowels and Full Vocalism.
•     7.1. Strong and Weak Jers.
•     7.2. Tense Jers.
•     7.3. Pleophony.
• 8. Personal Pronouns.
•     8.1. First and Second Person Pronouns.
•     8.2. Reflexive Pronoun.
•     8.3. Third Person Pronoun.
• 9. The Present System.
•     9.1. The Imperative.
•     9.2. Participles & the Infinitive.
• 10. Conjunctions & Particles.
• 11. i- and u-Stem Nouns.
•     11.1. i-Stem Nouns.
•     11.2. u-Stem Nouns.
• 12. o- and a-Stem Adjectives.
•     12.1. Hard Indefinite Adjectives.
•     12.2. Soft Indefinite Adjectives.
• 13. Pronominal Declension.
•     13.1. Hard Stem Pronominal Declension.
•     13.2. Soft Stem Pronominal Declension.
•     13.3. Mixed Pronominal Declension.
• 14. The Aorist System.
•     14.1. Asigmatic Aorist.
•     14.2. Sigmatic Aorist.
•     14.3. New Aorist.
• 15. Genitive Objects & Negation.
•     15.1. Genitive Objects.
•     15.2. Genitive with Negation.
• 16. Consonant-Stem Nouns.
•     16.1. v-Stem Nouns.
•     16.2. n-Stem Nouns.
• 17. Compound Forms of Adjectives.
•     17.1. Hard Compound Adjectives.
•     17.2. Soft Compound Adjectives.
• 18. The l-Participle.
• 19. Prefixes & Prepositions.
•     19.1. Prefixes.
•     19.2. Prepositions.
• 20. Adjective Use.
• 21. Further Consonant-Stem Nouns.
•     21.1. s-Stem Nouns.
•     21.2. nt-Stem Nouns.
•     21.3. r-Stem Nouns.
• 22. Comparative and Superlative Adjectives.
•     22.1. Short Form of the Comparative.
•     22.2. Long Form of the Comparative.
•     22.3. Comparatives without Positive Bases.
•     22.4. The Superlative.
• 23. Relatives, Interrogatives & Indefinites.
•     23.1. The Relative Pronoun.
•     23.2. The Interrogative Pronoun & Adjective.
•     23.3. Indefinite Pronouns & Adjectives.
• 24. Compound Tense Formation.
•     24.1. The Perfect.
•     24.2. The Pluperfect.
•     24.3. The Future.
•     24.4. The Future Perfect.
• 25. The Nominative & Vocative Cases.
•     25.1. The Nominative Case.
•     25.2. The Vocative Case.
• 26. The Present Active Participle.
•     26.1. Present Participle Active: Classes I, II, V.
•     26.2. Present Participle Active: Class III.
•     26.3. Present Participle Active: Class IV.
•     26.4. Present Participle Active: Long Form.
•     26.5. Present Participle Active: 'be'.
• 27. The Conditional Construction.
• 28. First Conjugation.
• 29. The Accusative Case.
• 30. Participles.
• 31. Past Participles.
•     31.1. Past Participle Active.
•     31.2. Past Participle Passive.
• 32. Present Participle Passive.
• 33. Second Conjugation.
• 34. The Genitive Case.
• 35. Passive, Middle & Reflexive.
•     35.1. The Passive Voice.
•     35.2. The Reflexive & Middle.
• 36. The Verbal Noun.
• 37. The Third Conjugation.
• 38. The Locative Case.
• 39. The Dative Case.
•     39.1. The Dative with Infinitive.
•     39.2. The Dative Absolute.
• 40. Negation.
• 41. The Fourth Conjugation.
• 42. The Conjugation of хотѣти.
• 43. The Instrumental Case.
• 44. Numerals.
•     44.1. Cardinal Numbers.
•         44.1.1. The Numeral 1.
•         44.1.2. The Numeral 2.
•         44.1.3. The Numeral 3.
•         44.1.4. The Numeral 4.
•         44.1.5. The Numerals 5, ..., 10.
•         44.1.6. The Teens.
•         44.1.7. The Decades.
•         44.1.8. The Hundreds.
•         44.1.9. The Thousands.
•     44.2. The Ordinals.
• 45. Verb Use: Non-Past.
•     45.1. The Present Tense.
•     45.2. The Future Tense.
• 46. Invariable Verbal Forms.
•     46.1. Infinitive & Supine.
•     46.2. The Gerund.
• 47. The Fifth Conjugation.
• 48. 'Have' & 'Take' Verbs.
• 49. Verb Use: Past.
•     49.1. The Aorist Tense.
•     49.2. The Imperfect Tense.
• 50. Verbal Aspect.
•     50.1. Aspect Morphology.
•     50.2. Further Refinements.