Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: albho- 'white, albino'
Semantic Field(s): White
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | ælf, ylfe | n.masc | elf, elves | W7 |
| ælfen, elfen, elven | n.fem | female elf | OED | |
| ælf-scīene, ælf-scīeno | adj | beautiful, of elfin beauty | ASD | |
| albe | n | alb | ASD/W7 | |
| Middle English: | albe | n | alb | W7 |
| alfe, alvene | n | elf, elves | CDC | |
| auborne, auburne, awburne | adj | auburn | CDC/W7 | |
| dauben | vb | to daub | W7 | |
| elf(e), elvene | n | elf, elves | CDC | |
| elven | adj | elven | LRC | |
| English: | abele | n | white poplar | AHD/W7 |
| alb | n | white garment (worn at Eucharist) | AHD/W7 | |
| albedo | n | reflected lustre | AHD/W7 | |
| albescent | adj | becoming white | AHD | |
| albino | adj/n | (organism) lacking genetic pigment | AHD/W7 | |
| albite | n | kind of feldspar | AHD/W7 | |
| album | n | blank notebook; musical record | AHD/W7 | |
| albumen | n | egg white | AHD/W7 | |
| aubade | n | dawn song, morning song | AHD/W7 | |
| auburn | adj | blond, flaxen; reddish-brown | AHD/W7 | |
| daub | vb | to plaster, crudely spread | AHD/W7 | |
| elf, elfs, elves | n | sprite, fairy, incubus | AHD/W7 | |
| Elfhelm | prop.n | Rohan marshal in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
| elfin, elven | adj | re: elves | LRC | |
| Elfstan | prop.n | hobbit in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
| Elfstone | prop.n | a.k.a. Aragorn in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
| Elfwine | prop.n | 19th Rohan king in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
| Elven | prop.adj | re: Elves in Tolkien: The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
| Elvish | prop.adj | re: Elves in Tolkien: The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
| Gandalf | prop.n | grey/white wizard in Tolkien: The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
| Halfelven | prop.n | Elrond surname in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
| oaf | n | fool, dullard | AHD/W7 | |
| Oberon | prop.n | fairy king (medieval folklore) | LRC | |
| Oliver | prop.n | comrade of Roland, paladin of Charlemagne | LRC | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Dutch: | alf | n.masc | elf | ASD |
| Dutch: | abeel | n | white poplar | W7 |
| elf | n.masc | elf | CDC | |
| Middle Low German: | alf | n.masc | elf | CDC |
| Low German: | elf | n.masc | elf | CDC |
| Old High German: | alp | n.masc | elf | CDC |
| Middle High German: | alb, alf, alp, elbe | n.masc | elf, elves | ASD/CDC |
| German: | Alb | n.masc | elf | CDC |
| Albino | n.masc | albino | LRC | |
| Alm, Alp | n.fem | alpine pasture | LRC | |
| Alp | n.masc | elf, demon; nightmare | CDC | |
| Elf, Elfe | n.masc/fem | elf, goblin | CDC | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | alfr | n.masc | elf | ASD |
| Álfr | prop.n.masc | Alf (an elf) | LRC | |
| Gandálfr | prop.n.masc | Gandalf (Voluspa dwarf) | TPE | |
| gandálfr | n.masc | wizard, lit. staff-elf | LRC | |
| Danish: | alf, elv | n.masc | elf | CDC |
| Swedish: | albit | n | albite | W7 |
| alf, elfva | n.masc/fem | elf | CDC | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | albesco, albescere | vb | to become white | AHD |
| alburnus | adj | whitish | AHD | |
| albus, alba, album | adj | white | LRC | |
| Vulgar Latin: | alba | n.fem | dawn | W7 |
| Late Latin: | albedo | n.fem | whiteness | W7 |
| Middle Latin: | alburnus | adj | auburn, whitish | CDC |
| Medieval Latin: | alba | n.fem | white garment worn at the Eucharist | W7 |
| albellus | n.dim | white (color) | AHD | |
| alburnus | adj | whitish | W7 | |
| Portuguese: | albino | adj | albino | W7 |
| Spanish: | albada | n | aubade | CDC |
| albo | adj | white | W7 | |
| Old French: | albade | n | aubade | AHD |
| Auberon | n.masc | Oberon | W7 | |
| auborne, alborne | adj | auburn | CDC | |
| dauber | vb | to coat, plaster | W7 | |
| Old North French: | abiel | adj | white | W7 |
| Middle French: | auborne | adj | blond | W7 |
| French: | aubade | n.fem | aubade | W7 |
| Oliver | n.masc | Oliver [man's name] | W7 | |
| Old Provençal: | alba, auba | n.fem | dawn | W7 |
| aubada | n.fem | aubade | W7 | |
| Italian: | alburno | adj | auburn | CDC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| dim | = | diminutive |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| prop | = | proper |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| OED | = | James A.H. Murray et al: The Oxford English Dictionary (1933) |
| TPE | = | Lee M. Hollander: The Poetic Edda (1962) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |