Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: aleq- 'to protect, ward off'
Semantic Field(s): to Hinder, Prevent
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | (e)algian | vb | to defend | ASD/IEW |
| (e)alh, alhn | n.masc | temple, asylum, residence | ASD/IEW | |
| h(e)alh | n.masc | hall; temple? stone building? | ASD | |
| English: | alexin | n | blood proteins that help destroy foreign cells | AHD |
| analcime | n | white/slightly colored zeolite | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Saxon: | alah | n.masc | temple | IEW |
| Old High German: | alah | n | temple, asylum | ASD |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | alhs | n.str.fem | temple | LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| French: | analcime | adj | weak | W7 |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | ἀλκή | n.fem | might, valor, defense | LRC |
| Greek: | ἀλέξω | vb | to ward off, turn aside | LS |
| ἄλκῐμος | adj | strong, stout, brave | LS | |
| ἀν-άλκιμος | adj | weak, feeble, cowardly | LS | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| str | = | strong (inflection) |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| LS | = | Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev. |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
