Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: angu̯(h)i- 'eel, worm, snake, serpent'
Semantic Field(s): Worm, Snake
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | igil | n | ophite | W7 |
| Middle English: | echinus | n | echinus | W7 |
| English: | echidna | n | oviparous burrowing nocturnal mammal | AHD/W7 |
| echin(o)- | pfx | (re:) prickle, sea urchin | AHD/W7 | |
| echinus | n | sea urchin | AHD/W7 | |
| ophic, ophite | adj | snakelike, serpentine, re: serpent(s) | W2I | |
| ophidian | adj | re: snakes | AHD/W7 | |
| ophiolite | n | serpentine rock | AHD | |
| ophiology | n | study of snakes | AHD/W7 | |
| Ophite | prop.n | member of snake-revering cult | AHD/W7 | |
| Ophiuchus | prop.n | equatorial constellation, lit. snake-holder | AHD/CDC | |
| ophiuroid | n | starfish: sand-star, brittle star | AHD | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | anguilla | n.fem | eel | W7 |
| anguis | n.masc | snake | W7 | |
| echidna | n.fem | viper | W7 | |
| echinus | n.masc | edible sea-urchin | W7 | |
| New Latin: | echidna | n.fem | oviparous burrowing nocturnal mammal | W7 |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | ὄφις | n.masc | snake, serpent | LRC |
| Greek: | enchelys | n.fem | eel | W7 |
| echidna | n.fem | viper | W7 | |
| echinos | n.masc | sea-urchin | W7 | |
| ophitēs | adj | ophite | W7 | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| pfx | = | prefix |
| prop | = | proper |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W2I | = | Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language, 2nd ed. (1959) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
