Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Pokorny Etymon: ā̆s-, based on it azd-, azg(h)-   'to burn, glow; ash'

Semantic Field(s): to Burn, Scorch

 

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language Reflex(es) PoS/Gram. Gloss Source(s)
English  
Old English: æsce, æscan n.fem ash(es) CDC
ahse, axse n.fem ash ASD
asca, æsca n.fem ash GED
asce, acse, ascan n.fem ash(es) ASD/CDC
axe, æxe, axan, æxan n ash(es) ASD/CDC
Middle English: a(i)sche, aschen, asches n ash(es) CDC
ardent, arda(u)nt adj ardent CDC/W7
ardour, ardeur, ardure n ardor CDC/W7
ash(e), ashen, ashes n ash(es) CDC
aske, asken, askes n ash(es) CDC
ass(h)e, esche n ash CDC/W7
axe, axen, axes n ash(es) CDC
English: ardent adj passionate, impassioned AHD/W7
ardor n fire, zeal, passion AHD/W7
arid adj persistently dry AHD/W7
arson n crime of burning property AHD/W7
ash n fire-leavings AHD/W7
azalea n flowering shrub AHD/W7
zamia n cycad tree AHD/W7
Scots English: as(s) n ash CDC
West Germanic  
Dutch: asch n ash CDC
Old High German: asca, asga n.fem ash CDC/GED
essa n.fem forge GED
Middle High German: asche, esche n ash CDC
German: Asche n.fem ash CDC
Esse n.fem forge, smithy, chimney LRC
North Germanic  
Old Norse: arinn n hearth, place for sacrificial fire KNW
esja n saponite (used by smith in forge) KNW
Old Icelandic: aska n.fem ash GED
Danish: aske n ash CDC
Swedish: arne n hearth TLL
aska n ash CDC
East Germanic  
Gothic: *azgo n.fem ash GED
Italic  
Latin: āra n.fem altar GED
ardens, ardentis vb.ptc hot, glowing; burning, ardent LRC
ardeo, ardēre vb to burn, glow W7
ardor n.masc ardor, energy W7
ārens, ārentis adj dry, thirsty LRC
āreō, ārēre vb to dry, be arid CDC/GED
aridus adj arid W7
Late Latin: ārsiō n arson AHD
New Latin: azalea n.fem azalea W7
zamia n.fem genus of cycads W7
Portuguese: ardor n ardor CDC
Spanish: ardor n ardor CDC
Old French: ardant adj ardent, burning CDC
ardor, ard(o)ur n ardor CDC
ardre vb to burn W7
ars vb.ptc burnt W7
arson, ars(o)un n.fem arson CDC/W7
Anglo-French: arson n arson AHD
Middle French: ardent adj fiery, energetic W7
ardour n.masc ardor W7
French: ardeur n ardor CDC
aride adj arid W7
Old Occitan: ardor n ardor CDC
Italian: ardore n ardor CDC
Slavic  
Czech: ozd n parched malt GED
Hellenic  
Greek: azalea n.fem azalea W7
azaleos adj dry W7
ἄζω adj dry GED
διψάω vb to thirst after LRC
πεινάω vb to be hungry LRC
Anatolian  
Hittite: hassa- n hearth, ashes GED
Armenian  
Armenian: azazem vb to dry GED/IEW
ačiun n ash GED
Indic  
Sanskrit: ā́sas n ash, dust GED
Tocharian  
Tocharian: as-, ās- adj dry GED
Tocharian A: āsu vb.past.ptc dried GED

 

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev. Meaning
adj=adjective
fem=feminine (gender)
masc=masculine (gender)
n=noun
past=past (tense)
ptc=participle
vb=verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code Citation
AHD=Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD=Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC=W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
GED=Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986)
IEW=Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
KNW=Gerhard Köbler: Altnordisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (2003)
LRC=Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL=Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7=Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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