Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: bau 'bow-wow (onomatopoeic: dog barking)'
Semantic Field(s): Dog, Sound (n)
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | bo(h) | interj | boo | OED |
| English: | boo | interj | (scare-word) | OED |
| boo | vb | to say boo | OED | |
| bow-wow | interj | (dog barking) | LRC | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | baubor, baubari | vb.dep | to bark gently | CLD/IEW |
| boo, boare | vb | to boo, roar, shout | CLD/OED | |
| Baltic | ||||
| Lithuanian: | baũbti | vb | to bawl, roar, bellow (of cattle) | IEW |
| Slavic | ||||
| Serbian: | bau | interj | boo | IEW |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | βοάω | vb | to boo, roar, shout | CLD |
| Greek: | βαὺ-βαὺ | interj | bow-wow | IEW |
| βαΰζω | vb | to bark, blaspheme | IEW | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| dep | = | deponent |
| interj | = | interjection |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| CLD | = | Cassell's Latin Dictionary (1959, rev. 1968) |
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| OED | = | James A.H. Murray et al: The Oxford English Dictionary (1933) |
