Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: bhok- 'to burn?'
Semantic Field(s): to Burn, Scorch
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| English: | focus | n | point of concentration | TLL |
| fusil | n | light flintlock musket | W7 | |
| fusilier, fusileer | n | soldier armed with fusil | W7 | |
| fusillade | n | many shots fired successively/simultaneously | W7 | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | focus, focī | n.masc | hearth, fireplace | LRC |
| Middle Latin: | focus, focī | n.masc | seat/central point of disease | CDC |
| New Latin: | focus, focī | n.masc | focus, point where light rays from lens converge | CDC |
| Portuguese: | fogo | n | fire | TLL |
| Spanish: | fuego | n | fire | TLL |
| Old French: | foisil | n | fusil | W7 |
| French: | feu | n | fire | TLL |
| fusil | n | fusil, rifle | TLL | |
| fusiller | vb | to fire, shoot | W7 | |
| Italian: | fuoco | n | fire | TLL |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
