Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2. dhabh- 'to fix, suit; proper'
Semantic Field(s): Good, Custom, Usage
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | ge-dæfte | adj | meek, gentle | RPN |
| ge-dēfe, gedoefe | adj | seemly, fitting | ASD | |
| Middle English: | dafte | adj | daft, stupid, gentle | W7 |
| fabricaten | vb | to fabricate | W7 | |
| forge | n | forge | W7 | |
| English: | daft | adj | silly, foolish | AHD/W7 |
| fabric | n | building, structure | AHD/W7 | |
| fabricate | vb.trans | to construct, manufacture | AHD/W7 | |
| forge | n | smithy, furnace where metal is heated/wrought | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Dutch: | fabriek | n | fabric, factory | TLL |
| German: | Fabrik | n.fem | fabric, factory | LRC |
| fabrizieren | vb | to fabricate | LRC | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Danish: | fabrik | n | fabric, factory | TLL |
| Swedish: | fabrik | n | fabric, factory | TLL |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | ga-daban | vb | to happen, be fitting | RPN |
| ga-dōbs | adj | fitting | ASD | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | faber | adj/n.masc | skillful; smith, craftsman | RPN |
| fabrica | n.fem | fabric, workshop | W7 | |
| fabricō, fabricāre, fabricāvī, fabricatus | vb | to make, build, fabricate | W7 | |
| Old French: | forge | n.fem | forge | W7 |
| Middle French: | fabrique | n.fem | fabric, workshop | W7 |
| Baltic | ||||
| Lithuanian: | dabìnti | vb | to adorn, decorate | RPN |
| Slavic | ||||
| Old Church Slavonic: | dobrъ | adj | good | LRC |
| dobrě | adv | good, well | LRC | |
| Armenian | ||||
| Armenian: | darbin | n | smith | RPN |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| adv | = | adverb(ial) |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| RPN | = | Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002) |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
