Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: dhau- 'to press, strangle'
Semantic Field(s): to Press
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | faun | n | faun | W7 |
| English: | avifauna | n | flying animal(s) | AHD/W7 |
| faun | n | ancient Italian god of herds/fields | W7 | |
| fauna | n | animal(s), animal life | W7 | |
| Faunus | prop.n | god of animals (Roman mythology) | W7 | |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | *af-dojan | vb.wk.I | to annoy, trouble | GED |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | avisfauna | n | avifauna | CDC |
| Faunus | prop.n.masc | Faunus (mythical king of Latium) | ELD/IEW | |
| Late Latin: | Fauna | prop.n.fem | sister of Faunus (Roman mythology) | W7 |
| New Latin: | avifauna | n.fem | avifauna | W7 |
| fauna | n.fem | fauna (of a region) | W7 | |
| Baltic | ||||
| Lithuanian: | dõvyti | vb | to annoy, trouble | GED |
| Slavic | ||||
| Old Church Slavonic: | daviti | vb | to strangle | GED |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | θώς | n | jackal | GED |
| Anatolian | ||||
| Lydian: | Kan-daúlhj | prop.n | Dog-destroyer | GED |
| Iranian | ||||
| Avestan: | dvaidī | vb.1.du.mid | we (two) harass | GED |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | = | 1st person |
| I | = | class 1 |
| du | = | dual (number) |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| mid | = | middle (voice) |
| n | = | noun |
| prop | = | proper |
| vb | = | verb |
| wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
| ELD | = | Charlton T. Lewis: An Elementary Latin Dictionary (1999) |
| GED | = | Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986) |
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
