Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: dheugh- 'to milk, press, touch'
Semantic Field(s): to Milk, to Press, to Touch
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | dohtig | adj | doughty | W7 |
| Middle English: | doughty | adj | doughty | W7 |
| English: | doughty | adj | valiant, able | AHD/W7 |
| Heptateuch | prop.n | first 7 books of Hebrew Bible, lit. seven containers | LRC | |
| Hexateuch | prop.n | first 6 books of Hebrew Bible, lit. six containers | LRC | |
| Pentateuch | prop.n | first 5 books of Hebrew Bible, lit. five containers | LRC | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | duga | vb | to help, give aid, be of assistance | LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| Late Latin: | heptateuchos | n.masc | collection of seven holy books | W7 |
| Pentateuchus | n.masc | collection of the five books of Moses | W7 | |
| Baltic | ||||
| Lithuanian: | daũg | adv | many, much | LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | heptateuchos | n.masc | seven holy books | W7 |
| Pentateuchos | n.masc | five books of Moses | W7 | |
| τεύχειν | vb | to make (ready) | LRC | |
| teuchos | n.masc | book | W7 | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| adv | = | adverb(ial) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| prop | = | proper |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
