Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: eu̯egu̯h- 'to praise, worship, avow, speak formally'
Semantic Field(s): Praise (n), to Worship, to Speak, Talk
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | avowen, avouen | vb | to avow | CDC/W7 |
| devot | adj | devout | W7 | |
| vowe | n | vow | W7 | |
| vowen | vb | to vow | W7 | |
| English: | avow | vb | to claim, declare as fact | W7 |
| devote | vb.trans | to dedicate via solemn act | AHD/W7 | |
| devout | adj | devoted to religion/religious duties/exercises | AHD/W7 | |
| votary | n | sworn adherent | AHD/W7 | |
| vote | n | formal expression of will/opinion | AHD/W7 | |
| votive | adj | offered/performed in devotion/gratitude/fulfillment of vow | AHD/W7 | |
| vow | n | solemn promise/assertion | AHD/W7 | |
| vow | vb | to avow, declare | AHD/W7 | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | advoco, advocare | vb | to call, summon (to one's aid) | W7 |
| dēvoveō, dēvovēre, dēvōvī, dēvōtum | vb | to vow, devote, consecrate | LRC | |
| votivus | adj | votive | W7 | |
| votum | n.neut | vow, wish | W7 | |
| voveo, vovēre, vōvī, vōtum | vb | to vow, pledge, dedicate | LRC | |
| Late Latin: | devotus | vb.ptc | devout | W7 |
| Old French: | avo(u)er | vb | to avow | CDC/W7 |
| devot | adj/n.masc | devout | W7 | |
| voeu | n.masc | vow | W7 | |
| Old Occitan: | avoar | vb | to avow | CDC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | εὐχετάομαι | vb.dep | to vow, pray | LRC |
| εὐχή | n.fem | vow, prayer | LRC | |
| Anatolian | ||||
| Hittite: | huk- | vb | to conjure, treat by incantation | LRC |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | óhate, ūhate | vb | to claim, declare; bless, glorify | LRC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| dep | = | deponent |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| ptc | = | participle |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
