Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: gāu- 'to rejoice, be glad'
Semantic Field(s): Glad, Joyful
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Middle English: | gaude | n | gaud | W7 |
joy | n | joy | W7 | |
rejoicen | vb | to rejoice | W7 | |
English: | enjoy | vb.trans | to take pleasure/satisfaction in | AHD/W7 |
ganoid | adj | re: teleost fishes (e.g. sturgeons) | AHD/W7 | |
gaud | n | trinket, ornament | AHD/W7 | |
gaudy | n | feast, entertainment | AHD/W7 | |
joy | n | delight, emotion evoked by success/well-being/good fortune | AHD/W7 | |
rejoice | vb | to gladden, give joy | AHD/W7 | |
West Germanic | ||||
German: | Gaudi | n.fem | gaudy, jamboree | LRC |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | gaudeo, gaudēre | vb | to rejoice | W7 |
gaudium | n.neut | joy | W7 | |
Old French: | enjoir | vb | to enjoy | W7 |
gaudir | vb | to rejoice | ODE | |
joie | n.fem | joy | W7 | |
joir | vb | to enjoy | W7 | |
Middle French: | enjoir | vb | to enjoy | W7 |
joir | vb | to rejoice | W7 | |
rejoir, rejoiss- | vb | to rejoice | W7 | |
Hellenic | ||||
Doric: | γᾱθέω | vb | to rejoice | IEW |
Homeric Greek: | γανάω | vb | to shine, be bright | IEW |
γάνυμαι | vb | to rejoice, be glad | LRC | |
Greek: | γάνος | n.neut | gleam, luster, brightness | W7 |
γηθέω | vb | to rejoice | IEW |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
adj | = | adjective |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
neut | = | neuter (gender) |
trans | = | transitive |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
ODE | = | C.T. Onions: The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology (1966) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |