Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: g̑ēi-, g̑ī- 'to sprout'
Semantic Field(s): to Grow
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | cēn | n.masc | torch; (name for) C/K-rune | ASD/IEW |
| cīnan, cān, cinon, cinen | vb.str | to gape, break into chinks | ASD/W7 | |
| cine, cīne, cȳne | n.fem | chink, crack | ASD/W7 | |
| cīð, cȳþ | n.masc | chit, bud, sprig | ASD/IEW | |
| Middle English: | chin | n | chink, crack | W7 |
| kide | n | kid | W7 | |
| scion | n | scion | W7 | |
| English: | chink | n | small rent/cleft/fissure | AHD/W7 |
| chit | n | shoot, sprout | ASD/W2I | |
| Chithing | prop.n | Bree calendar's April in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
| kid | n | young goat | AHD/W7 | |
| scion | n | shoot, twig | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Dutch: | keen | n.fem | chink | ASD |
| Old Saxon: | kīð | n.masc | chit | IEW |
| Old High German: | chīnan | vb | to sprout, split open | W7 |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Runic: | kēnaz | n | torch; (name for) K-rune | LRC |
| Old Norse: | kið | n | kid, young animal | AHD/W7 |
| Italic | ||||
| Old French: | cion | n.masc | scion | LRC |
| Middle French: | scion | n.masc | scion | W7 |
| French: | scion | n.masc | scion, tip (of rod) | LRC |
| Baltic | ||||
| Lithuanian: | žíedas | n.masc | blossom, flower | LRC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| prop | = | proper |
| str | = | strong (inflection) |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W2I | = | Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language, 2nd ed. (1959) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
