Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: gu̯heiə- : gu̯hī- 'vein, sinew, tendon'
Semantic Field(s): Blood, Body, Rope, Cord
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Middle English: | filen | vb | to file | W7 |
filet | n | fillet | W7 | |
purfilen | vb | to purfle | W7 | |
English: | defile | n | narrow gorge/passage | AHD/W7 |
enfilade | n | condition permitting lengthwise gunfire | AHD/W7 | |
filament | n | single thread, thin threadlike object/process/appendage | AHD/W7 | |
filar | adj | re: thread/line | AHD/W7 | |
filaria | n | thin parasitic insect larva | AHD/W7 | |
file | n | folder/cabinet/container to keep things in order | AHD/W7 | |
file | vb | to arrange for preservation/reference | AHD/W7 | |
filiform | adj | shaped like filament | AHD/W7 | |
fillet | n | ribbon/narrow strip of material | AHD/W7 | |
filoplume | n | hairlike feather | AHD | |
filose | adj | filamentous | AHD/W7 | |
filovirus | n | thread-like RNA animal virus | AHD | |
filum | n | filament, filamentous structure | AHD/W7 | |
profile | n | representation in outline | AHD/W7 | |
purfle | vb.trans | to ornament (a border) | AHD/W7 | |
West Germanic | ||||
German: | Filet | n.neut | fillet | LRC |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | filo, filāre | vb | to spin | W7 |
filum | n.neut | thread | W7 | |
Late Latin: | filo, filāre | vb | to reel silk (from cocoons) | W7 |
Medieval Latin: | filamentum | n.neut | filament | W7 |
New Latin: | filaria | n.fem | parasitic insect larva | W7 |
filum | n.neut | filament, filamentous structure | W7 | |
Portuguese: | fio | n | thread, filament | TLL |
Spanish: | hilo | n | thread, filament | TLL |
Old French: | enfiler | vb | to thread | W7 |
fil | n.masc | thread | W7 | |
Middle French: | filament | n.masc | filament | W7 |
filer | vb | to file (documents on string/wire) | W7 | |
filet | n.masc | little thread, net | W7 | |
profiler | vb | to profile, outline | W7 | |
French: | défilé | n.masc | narrow valley between cliffs | W7 |
défiler | vb | to parade in column | W7 | |
enfilade | n.fem | series, thread, enfilade | W7 | |
enfiler | vb | to thread | W7 | |
fil | n | thread, filament | TLL | |
Italian: | filo | n | thread, filament | TLL |
profilare | vb | to draw in outline | W7 | |
profilo | n.masc | profile | W7 | |
Armenian | ||||
Armenian: | ǰil | n | sinew | HH/W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
adj | = | adjective |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
neut | = | neuter (gender) |
trans | = | transitive |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
HH | = | Heinrich Hübschmann: Armenische Grammatik (1897) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |