Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: i̯eu̯os- 'rule, right, justice, statute'
Semantic Field(s): General Law
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Middle English: | abjuren | vb | to abjure | W7 |
adjuren | vb | to adjure | W7 | |
conjuren | vb | to conjure | W7 | |
injurie | n | injury | W7 | |
jure | n | jury | W7 | |
just | adj | just | W7 | |
English: | abjure | vb.trans | to deny/renounce upon oath | AHD/W7 |
adjure | vb.trans | to charge/command solemnly under oath/penalty of curse | AHD/W7 | |
conjure | vb | to charge/entreat earnestly/solemnly | AHD/W7 | |
injury | n | wrong, act that damages/hurts | AHD/W7 | |
jural | adj | juristic, re: law | AHD/W7 | |
juridical | adj | re: office of judge/administration of justice | AHD/W7 | |
jurisconsult | n | jurist | AHD/W7 | |
jurisdiction | n | right/power/authority to apply/interpret law | AHD/W7 | |
jurist | n | one having thorough knowledge of law | AHD/W7 | |
jury | n | men sworn to give verdict on matter submitted to them | AHD/W7 | |
just | adj | reasonable, conforming to/having basis in fact/reason | AHD/W7 | |
justice | n | fairness, quality of being just | AHD | |
justice | n | justice | CDC | |
nonjuror | n | one who refuses oath-taking | AHD | |
perjure | vb.trans | to commit perjury | AHD/W7 | |
West Germanic | ||||
German: | Jura | n | law | LRC |
Jury | n.fem | jury, selection committee | LRC | |
Justiz | n.fem | justice | LRC | |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | abjuro, abjurāre | vb | to deny on oath | W7 |
adjuro, adjurāre | vb | to adjure | W7 | |
conjuro, conjurare | vb | to swear together | W7 | |
consulo, consulere, consului, consultus | vb | to consult | W7 | |
iniuria, injuriae | n.fem | wrong, harsh treatment, damage, injustice | LRC | |
injurus | adj | perjury | W7 | |
iūdicō, iūdicāre, iūdicāvī, iūdicātum | vb | to decide | LRC | |
ius, iuris | n.neut | law, right | LRC | |
jurisconsultus | n.masc | lawyer | W7 | |
juro, jurāre | vb | to swear | W7 | |
justitia | n | justice | CDC | |
justus | adj | just, right | W7 | |
perjuro, perjurare | vb | to perjure | W7 | |
Medieval Latin: | jurista | n.fem | jurist | W7 |
Old French: | abjurer | vb | to abjure, abstain from | AHD |
conjurer | vb | to conjure | W7 | |
jurer | vb | to swear | W7 | |
justice, jostice | n | justice | CDC | |
Anglo-French: | juree | n.fem | jury17 | W7 |
Middle French: | ajurer | vb | to adjure | W7 |
juriste | n.masc | jurist, lawyer | W7 | |
juste | adj | just, right | W7 | |
perjurer | vb | to commit perjury | W7 | |
Indic | ||||
Sanskrit: | yoṣ | n | welfare | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
adj | = | adjective |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
neut | = | neuter (gender) |
trans | = | transitive |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |