Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: kenəkó- 'golden, honey-colored'
Semantic Field(s): Yellow
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | hunig | n.neut | honey | ASD/W7 |
| Middle English: | hony | n | honey | W7 |
| English: | honey | n | sweet viscid material produced by bees from flower nectar | AHD/W7 |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian: | hunig, hong | n | honey | RPN |
| Old Saxon: | huneg, honeg | n | honey | RPN |
| Old High German: | hona(n)g, honig | n | honey | ASD/RPN |
| German: | Honig | n.masc | honey | ASD |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Icelandic: | hunang | n | honey | RPN |
| Icelandic: | hunang | n | honey | ASD |
| Faeroese: | hunangur | n | honey | RPN |
| Norwegian: | huning | n | honey | RPN |
| Old Danish: | honni(n)g | n | honey | RPN |
| Swedish: | honing, honung | n | honey | RPN |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | canicae | n.fem | bran | W7 |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Doric: | κνᾱκός | adj | pale yellow | RPN |
| Greek: | κνηκός | adj | pale yellow | RPN |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | kánaka-m | n.neut | gold | RPN |
| kāñcana-ḥ | adj | golden | RPN | |
| kāñcaná-m | n.neut | gold | RPN | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| RPN | = | Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
