Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Pokorny Etymon: kenəkó-   'golden, honey-colored'

Semantic Field(s): Yellow

 

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language Reflex(es) PoS/Gram. Gloss Source(s)
English  
Old English: hunig n.neut honey ASD/W7
Middle English: hony n honey W7
English: honey n sweet viscid material produced by bees from flower nectar AHD/W7
West Germanic  
Old Frisian: hunig, hong n honey RPN
Old Saxon: huneg, honeg n honey RPN
Old High German: hona(n)g, honig n honey ASD/RPN
German: Honig n.masc honey ASD
North Germanic  
Old Icelandic: hunang n honey RPN
Icelandic: hunang n honey ASD
Faeroese: hunangur n honey RPN
Norwegian: huning n honey RPN
Old Danish: honni(n)g n honey RPN
Swedish: honing, honung n honey RPN
Italic  
Latin: canicae n.fem bran W7
Hellenic  
Doric: κνᾱκός adj pale yellow RPN
Greek: κνηκός adj pale yellow RPN
Indic  
Sanskrit: kánaka-m n.neut gold RPN
kāñcana-ḥ adj golden RPN
kāñcaná-m n.neut gold RPN

 

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev. Meaning
adj=adjective
fem=feminine (gender)
masc=masculine (gender)
n=noun
neut=neuter (gender)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code Citation
AHD=Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD=Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
RPN=Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
W7=Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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