Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 1. kenk- 'to bind, gird'
Semantic Field(s): to Bind
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | precinct | n | precinct | W7 |
| schingles | n | shingles | W7 | |
| succinct | adj | succinct | W7 | |
| English: | cinch | n | strong girth for pack/saddle | AHD/W7 |
| cincture | n | act of encircling | AHD/W7 | |
| cingulum | n | differentiated band/girdle (e.g. of color) | AHD/W7 | |
| enceinte | n | fortification enclosing town/castle | AHD/W7 | |
| precinct | n | district, territory with definite bounds/functions | AHD/W7 | |
| shingles | n | herpes zoster | AHD/W7 | |
| succinct | adj | girded | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Dutch: | ceintuur | n | belt | TLL |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | cinctura | n.fem | girdle | W7 |
| cingo, cingere, cinxi, cinctus | vb | to gird | W7 | |
| cingula | n.fem | girdle | W7 | |
| cingulum | n.neut | girdle | W7 | |
| incingo, incingere | vb | to surround | W7 | |
| praecingo, praecingere, praecinxi, praecinctus | vb | to gird about | W7 | |
| succingo, succingere, succinxi, succintus | vb | to gird from below, tuck up | W7 | |
| Medieval Latin: | cingulus | n.masc | girdle | W7 |
| praecinctum | n.neut | precinct | W7 | |
| Spanish: | cincah | n.fem | girdle | W7 |
| Old French: | enceindre | vb | to surround | W7 |
| enceinte | n.fem | enclosing wall | W7 | |
| French: | enceinte | n.fem | enclosing wall | W7 |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | kāñcī | n | girdle | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
