Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: k̑erə-, k̑rā- 'to cook'
Semantic Field(s): to Cook
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | hrēr | adj | rear, lightly boiled | ASD/IEW |
| hrēran, hrērde, hrēred | vb.wk.I | to move, stir | LRC | |
| Middle English: | rere | adj | rear/rare | AHD |
| English: | crater | n | bowl-shaped depression around volcano orifice | AHD/W7 |
| dyscrasia | n | abnormal body condition | AHD/W7 | |
| idiosyncrasy | n | characteristic peculiarity of habit/structure | AHD/W7 | |
| krater | n | jar/vase with large round body/small handles/wide mouth | AHD/W7 | |
| rare | adj | underdone, not thoroughly cooked | AHD/W7 | |
| rear | adj | rare | IEW | |
| uproar | n | state of commotion/excitement/violent disturbance | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Middle Dutch: | oproer | n | uproar | W7 |
| roer | n | motion | W7 | |
| Dutch: | oproer | n | uproar | W7 |
| Italic | ||||
| Medieval Latin: | dyscrasia | n.fem | bad mixture of humors | W7 |
| New Latin: | dyscrasia | n.fem | abnormal body condition | W7 |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | dyskrasia | n.fem | dyscrasia | W7 |
| idiosynkrasia | n.fem | idiosyncrasy | W7 | |
| kerannynai | vb | to mix | W7 | |
| krasis | n.fem | mixture, act of mixing | W7 | |
| kratēr | n.masc | mixing vase | W7 | |
| synkerannynai | vb | to blend | W7 | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| I | = | class 1 |
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| vb | = | verb |
| wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
