Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: kleng-, and klenk- 'to bend, wind'
Semantic Field(s): to Bend, to Wind, Wrap
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | hlanc | adj | lank | W7 |
| hlinc | n.masc | link; hill, ridge | ASD/W7 | |
| Middle English: | flank | n | flank | W7 |
| lank | adj | lank | W7 | |
| link | n | link | W7 | |
| English: | fianchetto | n | (a certain) development of chess bishop | AHD |
| flange | n | rib/rim for strength/guiding/attachment | AHD/W7 | |
| flank | n | fleshy part of side between ribs/hip | AHD/W7 | |
| flanken | n | meat cut from short ribs | AHD | |
| flinch | vb.intrans | to wince, shrink (as if) from pain | AHD/W7 | |
| lank | adj | thin, slender, not well filled-out | AHD/W7 | |
| link | n | connecting structure | AHD/W7 | |
| links | n.pl | sand hills along seashore | AHD/W7 | |
| Southlinch | prop.n | Bree pipe-weed in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old High German: | (h)lanca | n | flank, loin, side | W7 |
| Middle High German: | lanke, lanche | n | flank, loin, side | CDC |
| German: | Flanke | n.fem | flank, loin, side | LRC |
| Gelenk | n | joint | LRC | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | hlekkr | n | chain | W7 |
| Italic | ||||
| Middle French: | flenchir | vb | to bend | W7 |
| Italian: | fianchetto | n.dim | little flank | AHD |
| fianco | n | flank, side, hip | AHD | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| dim | = | diminutive |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| intrans | = | intransitive |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| pl | = | plural (number) |
| prop | = | proper |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
