Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: k̑onkho- 'conch, clam(shell), mussel'
Semantic Field(s): Animal, Fish (n)
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | cokel, cokille | n | cockle | AHD/W7 |
| English: | cochlea | n | spiral-shaped inner ear cavity containing aural nerve endings | AHD |
| cockle | n | bivalve marine mollusk | AHD/W7 | |
| conch | n | large spiral-shelled gastropod mollusk | AHD/W7 | |
| concha | n | plain semidome of apse | AHD/W7 | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | concha | n.fem | mussel, mussel shell | W7 |
| conchyl(l)ium | n.neut | cockle, mussel, shellfish | AHD/W7 | |
| Vulgar Latin: | *cochillia | n | shell, cockle | AHD |
| Late Latin: | concha | n.fem | conch | W7 |
| Old French: | coquille | n.fem | shell, cockle | AHD |
| Italian: | conca | n.fem | apse, semidome | W7 |
| concha | n.fem | conch | W7 | |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | κογχη | n.fem | conch, mussel | LS |
| κογχῠλη | n.fem | cockle, mussel | LS | |
| κογχῠλιον | n.neut.dim | small cockle/mussel | LS | |
| κόχλος | n.masc | (large) shellfish with spiral shell | LS | |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | śaṅkha | n | conch shell | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| dim | = | diminutive |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| LS | = | Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev. |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
