Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 1. krep-, kr̥p- 'form; corpse, body'
Semantic Field(s): Form, Shape (n), Corpse, Body
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | ||||
| Old Irish: | crí | n | body, shape, frame | RPN |
| Irish: | leipreachān | n.masc | leprechaun | W7 |
| English | ||||
| Old English: | (h)rif | n.neut | womb, stomach | ASD/RPN |
| midhrif | n | midriff | W7 | |
| Middle English: | corporal | n | corporal | W7 |
| corps | n | corpse | W7 | |
| corpus | n | corpus | W7 | |
| cors | n | corse | W7 | |
| corset | n | corset | W7 | |
| midrif | n | midriff | W7 | |
| English: | corporal | adj | re: body | AHD/W7 |
| corporal | n | linen cloth where eucharist elements are placed | AHD/W7 | |
| corporate | adj | united into one body | AHD/OED | |
| corporeal | adj | re: physical/material body | AHD/W7 | |
| corps | n | subdivision of military establishment | AHD/W7 | |
| corpse | n | human/animal body (living/dead) | AHD/W7 | |
| corpulence | n | obesity, being excessively fat | AHD | |
| corpulent | adj | obese, portly, excessively fat | AHD/CDC | |
| corpus | n | human/animal body (esp. when dead) | AHD/W7 | |
| corpuscle | n | minute particle | AHD/W7 | |
| corsage | n | waist/bodice of woman's dress | AHD/W7 | |
| corse | n | corpse | AHD/W7 | |
| corset | n | medieval jacket | AHD/W7 | |
| leprechaun | n | mischievous Irish elf (folklore) | AHD/W7 | |
| midriff | n | diaphragm | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian: | href, hrif | n | stomach | RPN |
| mid-ref | n | midriff | ASD | |
| Old High German: | (h)ref | n | womb, belly; body | ASD/RPN |
| German: | Körper | n | corpse, carcass | TLL |
| Korps | n.neut | corps | LRC | |
| Korsett | n.neut | corset | LRC | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | corporalis | adj | corporal | W7 |
| corporeus | adj | corporeal | W7 | |
| corporo, corporare, corporavi, corporatus | vb | to make into a body | W7 | |
| corpus, corporis | n.neut | corpus | LRC | |
| corpusculum | n.neut | small body | W7 | |
| Medieval Latin: | corporale | adj.neut | corporal | W7 |
| Old French: | cors | n.masc | corpse: body | W7 |
| corsage | n.masc | bust | W7 | |
| corset | n.masc.dim | corset | W7 | |
| Middle French: | corporal | n.masc | corporal | W7 |
| corps | n.masc | corpse: body | W7 | |
| French: | corporel | adj | corporal | W7 |
| corps | n.masc | corpse: body | W7 | |
| corsage | n.masc | corsage, top part of dress | W7 | |
| Iranian | ||||
| Avestan: | kəhrp- | n | corpse, body | RPN |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | kṛpā́ | n.inst.sg | shape, beautiful appearance | RPN |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| dim | = | diminutive |
| inst | = | instrumental (case) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| sg | = | singular (number) |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| OED | = | James A.H. Murray et al: The Oxford English Dictionary (1933) |
| RPN | = | Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002) |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |