Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: kuku '(onomatopoeic: to coo, cuckoo)'
Semantic Field(s): Sound (n)
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | ||||
| Middle Irish: | cūach | n | cuckoo | IEW |
| Welsh: | cog | n | cuckoo | IEW |
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | cuccu | n | cuckoo | W7 |
| English: | cuckoo | interj | (cuckoo's distinctive call) | W7 |
| cuckoo | n | grayish brown European bird | W7 | |
| cuckoo | vb | to repeat monotonously (like cuckoo) | W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| German: | Kuckuck | n.masc | cuckoo | IEW |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | cucūlus, cucullus | n.masc | cuckoo | ELD/IEW |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | κόκκῡ | interj | now! quick! cuckoo! | IEW/LS |
| κοκκύζω | vb | to cry cuckoo | IEW/LS | |
| κόκκυξ | n.masc | cuckoo | IEW/LS | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| interj | = | interjection |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| ELD | = | Charlton T. Lewis: An Elementary Latin Dictionary (1999) |
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
| LS | = | Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev. |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
