Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: lē̆b-, lō̆b-, lāb-, leb- 'lip; to slump, hang down slackly'
Semantic Field(s): Lip, to Drop
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Old English: | gelimplic | adj | suitable | LRC |
læppa | n.wk.masc | lap | W7 | |
lemp-healt | adj | limping, halting, limphalt | AHD | |
limpan, lamp, lumpon, lumpen | vb.str.III | to fall, befall, happen | LRC | |
lippa | n.masc | lip | ASD/W7 | |
slǣp, slēap, slāp | n.masc | sleep | ASD/W7 | |
slǣpan, slēpan | vb.wk | to sleep | ASD | |
Middle English: | lappe | n | lap | W7 |
lip | n | lip | W7 | |
slaveren | vb | to slaver | W7 | |
slepe | n | sleep | W7 | |
English: | labellum | n | median member of orchid corolla | AHD/W7 |
labium | n | folds at margin of vulva | AHD/W7 | |
labret | n | ornament worn in lip perforation | AHD/W7 | |
labrum | n | upper/anterior lip of arthropod | AHD/W7 | |
lap | n | loose panel/hanging flap of garment | IEW/W7 | |
limp | adj | slack, not stiff/rigid | IEW/W7 | |
limp | vb.intrans | to walk lamely | IEW/W7 | |
limphalt | adj | lame, halt | AHD | |
lip | n | either of fleshy folds surrounding mouth in vertebrates | AHD/W7 | |
slab | dial.adj/n | slimy, viscous, slippery; bog, slough | IEW | |
slamp | vb.dial | to limp, hobble; be careless/neglectful | IEW | |
slaver | vb | to drool, drivel, slobber | IEW/W7 | |
sleep, slept | vb | to rest in state of sleep | W7 | |
sleep | n | natural periodic suspension of activity/consciousness | AHD/W7 | |
slemp | vb.dial | to slink, creep, crawl, step aside | IEW | |
slump | n | bog, mire, morass, wet/damp place | IEW | |
slump | vb | to fall/sink suddenly | IEW/W7 | |
West Germanic | ||||
Old Frisian: | lippa | n.masc | lip | ASD |
slēp | n | sleep | ASD | |
Dutch: | lip | n | lip | TLL |
slapen | vb | to sleep | LRC | |
Old Saxon: | slāp | n | sleep | ASD |
slapan | vb | to sleep | LRC | |
Old Low German: | lepor | n | lip | ASD |
Old High German: | leffur, lefs | n | lip | ASD/W7 |
limphan, limfan | vb | to happen, convene | IEW | |
slāf | n | sleep | W7 | |
German: | Lippe | n.fem | lip | LRC |
Schlaf | n.masc | sleep | LRC | |
schlafen | vb | to sleep | LRC | |
Schlamm | n | mud | TLL | |
North Germanic | ||||
Old Norse: | slafra | vb | to slaver | W7 |
Norwegian: | slumpa | vb | to slump | W7 |
Danish: | laebe | n | lip | TLL |
sove | vb | to sleep | LRC | |
Swedish: | läpp | n | lip | TLL |
sova | vb | to sleep | LRC | |
East Germanic | ||||
Gothic: | slēps | n | sleep | ASD |
Crimean Gothic: | schlipen | vb | to sleep | CGo |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | labellum | n.neut | little lip | W7 |
labium | n.neut | lip | W7 | |
labor, labi | vb.dep | to slide, slip | W7 | |
labor, laboris | n.masc | labor, effort | LRC | |
labrum | n.neut | lip, edge | W7 | |
New Latin: | labium | n.neut | lip | W7 |
labrum | n.neut | labrum | W7 | |
Hellenic | ||||
Greek: | lobos | n.masc | part of an organ | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
III | = | class 3 |
adj | = | adjective |
dep | = | deponent |
dial | = | dialectal |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
intrans | = | intransitive |
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
neut | = | neuter (gender) |
str | = | strong (inflection) |
vb | = | verb |
wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
CGo | = | MacDonald Stearns, Jr: Crimean Gothic (1978) |
IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |