Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: lē̆b-, lō̆b-, lāb-, leb- 'lip; to slump, hang down slackly'
Semantic Field(s): Lip, to Drop
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | gelimplic | adj | suitable | LRC |
| læppa | n.wk.masc | lap | W7 | |
| lemp-healt | adj | limping, halting, limphalt | AHD | |
| limpan, lamp, lumpon, lumpen | vb.str.III | to fall, befall, happen | LRC | |
| lippa | n.masc | lip | ASD/W7 | |
| slǣp, slēap, slāp | n.masc | sleep | ASD/W7 | |
| slǣpan, slēpan | vb.wk | to sleep | ASD | |
| Middle English: | lappe | n | lap | W7 |
| lip | n | lip | W7 | |
| slaveren | vb | to slaver | W7 | |
| slepe | n | sleep | W7 | |
| English: | labellum | n | median member of orchid corolla | AHD/W7 |
| labium | n | folds at margin of vulva | AHD/W7 | |
| labret | n | ornament worn in lip perforation | AHD/W7 | |
| labrum | n | upper/anterior lip of arthropod | AHD/W7 | |
| lap | n | loose panel/hanging flap of garment | IEW/W7 | |
| limp | adj | slack, not stiff/rigid | IEW/W7 | |
| limp | vb.intrans | to walk lamely | IEW/W7 | |
| limphalt | adj | lame, halt | AHD | |
| lip | n | either of fleshy folds surrounding mouth in vertebrates | AHD/W7 | |
| slab | dial.adj/n | slimy, viscous, slippery; bog, slough | IEW | |
| slamp | vb.dial | to limp, hobble; be careless/neglectful | IEW | |
| slaver | vb | to drool, drivel, slobber | IEW/W7 | |
| sleep, slept | vb | to rest in state of sleep | W7 | |
| sleep | n | natural periodic suspension of activity/consciousness | AHD/W7 | |
| slemp | vb.dial | to slink, creep, crawl, step aside | IEW | |
| slump | n | bog, mire, morass, wet/damp place | IEW | |
| slump | vb | to fall/sink suddenly | IEW/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian: | lippa | n.masc | lip | ASD |
| slēp | n | sleep | ASD | |
| Dutch: | lip | n | lip | TLL |
| slapen | vb | to sleep | LRC | |
| Old Saxon: | slāp | n | sleep | ASD |
| slapan | vb | to sleep | LRC | |
| Old Low German: | lepor | n | lip | ASD |
| Old High German: | leffur, lefs | n | lip | ASD/W7 |
| limphan, limfan | vb | to happen, convene | IEW | |
| slāf | n | sleep | W7 | |
| German: | Lippe | n.fem | lip | LRC |
| Schlaf | n.masc | sleep | LRC | |
| schlafen | vb | to sleep | LRC | |
| Schlamm | n | mud | TLL | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | slafra | vb | to slaver | W7 |
| Norwegian: | slumpa | vb | to slump | W7 |
| Danish: | laebe | n | lip | TLL |
| sove | vb | to sleep | LRC | |
| Swedish: | läpp | n | lip | TLL |
| sova | vb | to sleep | LRC | |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | slēps | n | sleep | ASD |
| Crimean Gothic: | schlipen | vb | to sleep | CGo |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | labellum | n.neut | little lip | W7 |
| labium | n.neut | lip | W7 | |
| labor, labi | vb.dep | to slide, slip | W7 | |
| labor, laboris | n.masc | labor, effort | LRC | |
| labrum | n.neut | lip, edge | W7 | |
| New Latin: | labium | n.neut | lip | W7 |
| labrum | n.neut | labrum | W7 | |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | lobos | n.masc | part of an organ | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| III | = | class 3 |
| adj | = | adjective |
| dep | = | deponent |
| dial | = | dialectal |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| intrans | = | intransitive |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| str | = | strong (inflection) |
| vb | = | verb |
| wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| CGo | = | MacDonald Stearns, Jr: Crimean Gothic (1978) |
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |