Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2. lep- 'to flay, peel, skin'
Semantic Field(s): to Flay, Skin
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | læfer, leber | n.fem | reed, lever(s) | IEW |
| Middle English: | leper | n | leper | W7 |
| lepre | n | leprosy | W7 | |
| English: | elapid | n | venomous snake having grooved fangs | AHD/W7 |
| laparotomy | n | surgical section of abdominal wall | AHD/W7 | |
| lemma | n | lower of 2 bracts enclosing flower in grass spikelet | AHD/W7 | |
| leper | n | person infected with leprosy | AHD/W7 | |
| lepidote | adj | covered with scurf/scurfy scales | AHD/W7 | |
| leprosy | n | chronic disease marked by nodules/macules with loss of sensation | W7 | |
| lepton | n | small Greek coin | AHD/W7 | |
| levers | n.pl | rushes, sedges | IEW | |
| plasmalemma | n | differentiated protoplasmic surface of cell | AHD/W7 | |
| sarcolemma | n | thin membrane enclosing striated muscle fiber | AHD | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| German: | Lepra | n.fem | leprosy | LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| Late Latin: | lepra | n.fem | leprosy | W7 |
| New Latin: | Elaps | n.masc | snake genus | W7 |
| plasmalemma | n.fem | cell surface | W7 | |
| Old French: | lèpre | n.fem | leprosy | W7 |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | ellops | adj | mute | W7 |
| lapara | n.fem | flank | W7 | |
| lemma | n.neut | husk, fruit skin | W7 | |
| lepidōtos | adj | scaly | W7 | |
| lepis, lepidos | n.fem | scale, envelope | W7 | |
| lepra | n.fem | leprosy | W7 | |
| lepton | n.neut | small coin | W7 | |
| leptos | adj | light, delicate | W7 | |
| lepw | vb | to peel | W7 | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| pl | = | plural (number) |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
