Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: lī̆-no- 'flax, linen'
Semantic Field(s): Flax, Linen
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Old English: | līn | n.neut | flax, linen | W7 |
līne | n.fem | line | W7 | |
līnen | adj | linen | W7 | |
līnsǣd | n.neut | linseed | ASD/W7 | |
Middle English: | line | n | line | W7 |
linen | adj | linen | W7 | |
linen | vb | to line | W7 | |
linseed | n | linseed | W7 | |
English: | align | vb | to bring into line/alignment | AHD/W7 |
crinoline | n | open-weave fabric of cotton/horsehair | AHD/W7 | |
line | n | rope, cord, string, thread | AHD/W7 | |
line | vb.trans | to cover inner surface | AHD/W7 | |
linen | adj/n | (cloth) made of flax | AHD/W7 | |
lingerie | n | linen articles/(under)garments | AHD/W7 | |
linnet | n | small Old World finch | AHD/W7 | |
linseed | n | flaxseed | AHD/W7 | |
West Germanic | ||||
Old Saxon: | līn | n | flax, linen | ASD |
Old High German: | līn | n | flax, linen | W7 |
līnin | adj | linen | ASD | |
linna | n | line | ASD | |
German: | Lein | n | flax, linen | ASD |
leinen | adj | linen | ASD | |
North Germanic | ||||
Icelandic: | lín | n | flax, linen | ASD |
lína | n | line | ASD | |
East Germanic | ||||
Gothic: | lein | n | linen | ASD |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | linea | n.fem | line | W7 |
lineus | adj | linen | W7 | |
linum | n.neut | flax, linen | W7 | |
Old French: | aligner | vb | to align | W7 |
ligne | n.fem | line | W7 | |
Middle French: | lin | n.masc | flax, linen | W7 |
linette | n.fem | linnet | W7 | |
linge | n.masc | linen | W7 | |
lingerie | n.fem | lingerie | W7 | |
French: | aligner | vb | to align | W7 |
crinoline | n.fem | crinoline | W7 | |
ligne | n.fem | line | W7 | |
lingerie | n.fem | lingerie | W7 | |
Italian: | crinolina | n.fem | crinoline | W7 |
Hellenic | ||||
Greek: | λίνεος | adj | linen | LRC |
λίνον | n.neut | flax, linen | LRC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
adj | = | adjective |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
neut | = | neuter (gender) |
trans | = | transitive |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |