Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: lou-, lou̯ə- 'to lave, wash'
Semantic Field(s): to Wash
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | lafian | vb.wk | to lave | ASD/W7 |
| lēag | n | lye | W7 | |
| lēaðor | n | lather | W7 | |
| Middle English: | ablucioun, ablution | n | ablution | AHD/W7 |
| deluge | n | deluge | W7 | |
| lather | n | lather | W7 | |
| launder | n | launder | W7 | |
| lavas | n | abundance | W7 | |
| lavatorie | n | lavatory | W7 | |
| laven | vb | to lave | W7 | |
| lye | n | lye | W7 | |
| English: | ablution | n | washing oneself as religious rite | AHD/W7 |
| alluvion | n | wash/flow of water against shore | AHD/W7 | |
| colluvium | n | rock detritus/soil accumulated at foot of slope | AHD/W7 | |
| deluge | n | overflowing of land by water | AHD/W7 | |
| dilute | vb.trans | to make thinner/more liquid by mixing | AHD/W7 | |
| eluant, eluent | n | solvent used in elution (chemistry) | AHD | |
| elute | vb.trans | to extract | AHD/W7 | |
| eluvium | n | rock debris produced by weathering/disintegration | AHD/W7 | |
| lather | n | foam/froth formed by soap/detergent agitated in water | AHD/W7 | |
| latrine | n | receptacle (e.g. pit in earth) used for toilet | AHD/W7 | |
| launder | n | (mining) trough conveying tailings via water | AHD/W7 | |
| launder | vb | to wash (clothes) in water | AHD/W7 | |
| laundress | n | woman who washes clothes | LRC | |
| lavabo | n | Mass ceremony in which celebrant washes hands reciting Psalm 25:6-12 | AHD/W7 | |
| lavage | n | washing | AHD/W7 | |
| lavatory | n | basin/vessel for washing | AHD/W7 | |
| lave | vb | to bathe, wash | AHD/W7 | |
| lavish | adj | prodigal, expending/bestowing profusely | AHD/W7 | |
| loment | n | dry one-celled indehiscent fruit | AHD/W7 | |
| lotion | n | ablution, act of washing | AHD/W7 | |
| lut(e)fisk | n | traditional Scandinavian fish gelatin | AHD/W2I | |
| lye | n | strong alkaline liquor leached from wood ashes | AHD/W7 | |
| pyrolusite | n | manganese dioxide mineral | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old High German: | labōn, labēn, labian | vb | to lave | ASD/W7 |
| louga | n | lye | W7 | |
| German: | laben | vb | to lave | ASD |
| Pyrolusit | n | pyrolusite | W7 | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Icelandic: | lauðr | n.neut | lather; sea froth/foam | ASD |
| Norwegian: | lutfisk | n | lutfisk, lit. lye-fish | W2I |
| Swedish: | lutfisk | n | lutfisk, lit. lye-fish | W2I |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | abluo, abluere, ablui, ablutus | vb | to wash away | W7 |
| ablutio, ablutionis | n.fem | ablution, washing oneself | W7 | |
| alluo, alluere | vb | to wash against | W7 | |
| alluvio, alluvionis | n.fem | alluvion, washing away | W7 | |
| colluo, colluere | vb | to wash | W7 | |
| colluvies | n.fem | medley, a flowing together | W7 | |
| diluo, diluere, dilui, dilutus | vb | to dilute, wash away | W7 | |
| diluvium | n.neut | deluge, flood | W7 | |
| eluo, eluere, elui, elutus | vb | to wash out | W7 | |
| latrina | n.fem | cabinet, latrine | W7 | |
| lavandus | vb.ger | washing | W7 | |
| lavatrina | n.fem | cabinet, latrine | W7 | |
| lavo, lavare, lavere, lavi, lotum, lavatus | vb | to wash | W7 | |
| lōmentum | n.neut | face cream, means of cleansing | W7 | |
| lotio, lotionis | n.fem | liquid to wash oneself with | W7 | |
| luo, luere | vb | to release, atone for | W7 | |
| perluō, perluere, perluī, perlūtum | vb | to wash, bathe | LRC | |
| Medieval Latin: | colluvium | n.neut | scourings | W7 |
| lavandarius | n.masc | clothes to be washed | W7 | |
| lavatorium | n.neut | lavatory | W7 | |
| New Latin: | colluvium | n.neut | rock detritus at foot of slope | W7 |
| eluvium | n.neut | rock debris | W7 | |
| Middle French: | ablution | n.fem | act of washing oneself | W7 |
| deluge | n.masc | deluge | W7 | |
| lavage | n.masc | act of washing | W7 | |
| lavandière | n.fem | laundress | W7 | |
| lavasse | n.fem | downpour of rain | W7 | |
| laver | vb | to wash | W7 | |
| French: | latrine | n.fem | primitive cabinet, latrine | W7 |
| lavage | n.masc | laundry, action of washing | W7 | |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | λούομαι | vb | to wash oneself | LRC |
| lousis | n.fem | washing | W7 | |
| λουτρόν | n.neut | bathing | LRC | |
| louw | vb | to wash (transitive) | W7 | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| ger | = | gerund(ive) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
| wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W2I | = | Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language, 2nd ed. (1959) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |