Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: lou-, lou̯ə- 'to lave, wash'
Semantic Field(s): to Wash
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Old English: | lafian | vb.wk | to lave | ASD/W7 |
lēag | n | lye | W7 | |
lēaðor | n | lather | W7 | |
Middle English: | ablucioun, ablution | n | ablution | AHD/W7 |
deluge | n | deluge | W7 | |
lather | n | lather | W7 | |
launder | n | launder | W7 | |
lavas | n | abundance | W7 | |
lavatorie | n | lavatory | W7 | |
laven | vb | to lave | W7 | |
lye | n | lye | W7 | |
English: | ablution | n | washing oneself as religious rite | AHD/W7 |
alluvion | n | wash/flow of water against shore | AHD/W7 | |
colluvium | n | rock detritus/soil accumulated at foot of slope | AHD/W7 | |
deluge | n | overflowing of land by water | AHD/W7 | |
dilute | vb.trans | to make thinner/more liquid by mixing | AHD/W7 | |
eluant, eluent | n | solvent used in elution (chemistry) | AHD | |
elute | vb.trans | to extract | AHD/W7 | |
eluvium | n | rock debris produced by weathering/disintegration | AHD/W7 | |
lather | n | foam/froth formed by soap/detergent agitated in water | AHD/W7 | |
latrine | n | receptacle (e.g. pit in earth) used for toilet | AHD/W7 | |
launder | n | (mining) trough conveying tailings via water | AHD/W7 | |
launder | vb | to wash (clothes) in water | AHD/W7 | |
laundress | n | woman who washes clothes | LRC | |
lavabo | n | Mass ceremony in which celebrant washes hands reciting Psalm 25:6-12 | AHD/W7 | |
lavage | n | washing | AHD/W7 | |
lavatory | n | basin/vessel for washing | AHD/W7 | |
lave | vb | to bathe, wash | AHD/W7 | |
lavish | adj | prodigal, expending/bestowing profusely | AHD/W7 | |
loment | n | dry one-celled indehiscent fruit | AHD/W7 | |
lotion | n | ablution, act of washing | AHD/W7 | |
lut(e)fisk | n | traditional Scandinavian fish gelatin | AHD/W2I | |
lye | n | strong alkaline liquor leached from wood ashes | AHD/W7 | |
pyrolusite | n | manganese dioxide mineral | AHD/W7 | |
West Germanic | ||||
Old High German: | labōn, labēn, labian | vb | to lave | ASD/W7 |
louga | n | lye | W7 | |
German: | laben | vb | to lave | ASD |
Pyrolusit | n | pyrolusite | W7 | |
North Germanic | ||||
Icelandic: | lauðr | n.neut | lather; sea froth/foam | ASD |
Norwegian: | lutfisk | n | lutfisk, lit. lye-fish | W2I |
Swedish: | lutfisk | n | lutfisk, lit. lye-fish | W2I |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | abluo, abluere, ablui, ablutus | vb | to wash away | W7 |
ablutio, ablutionis | n.fem | ablution, washing oneself | W7 | |
alluo, alluere | vb | to wash against | W7 | |
alluvio, alluvionis | n.fem | alluvion, washing away | W7 | |
colluo, colluere | vb | to wash | W7 | |
colluvies | n.fem | medley, a flowing together | W7 | |
diluo, diluere, dilui, dilutus | vb | to dilute, wash away | W7 | |
diluvium | n.neut | deluge, flood | W7 | |
eluo, eluere, elui, elutus | vb | to wash out | W7 | |
latrina | n.fem | cabinet, latrine | W7 | |
lavandus | vb.ger | washing | W7 | |
lavatrina | n.fem | cabinet, latrine | W7 | |
lavo, lavare, lavere, lavi, lotum, lavatus | vb | to wash | W7 | |
lōmentum | n.neut | face cream, means of cleansing | W7 | |
lotio, lotionis | n.fem | liquid to wash oneself with | W7 | |
luo, luere | vb | to release, atone for | W7 | |
perluō, perluere, perluī, perlūtum | vb | to wash, bathe | LRC | |
Medieval Latin: | colluvium | n.neut | scourings | W7 |
lavandarius | n.masc | clothes to be washed | W7 | |
lavatorium | n.neut | lavatory | W7 | |
New Latin: | colluvium | n.neut | rock detritus at foot of slope | W7 |
eluvium | n.neut | rock debris | W7 | |
Middle French: | ablution | n.fem | act of washing oneself | W7 |
deluge | n.masc | deluge | W7 | |
lavage | n.masc | act of washing | W7 | |
lavandière | n.fem | laundress | W7 | |
lavasse | n.fem | downpour of rain | W7 | |
laver | vb | to wash | W7 | |
French: | latrine | n.fem | primitive cabinet, latrine | W7 |
lavage | n.masc | laundry, action of washing | W7 | |
Hellenic | ||||
Greek: | λούομαι | vb | to wash oneself | LRC |
lousis | n.fem | washing | W7 | |
λουτρόν | n.neut | bathing | LRC | |
louw | vb | to wash (transitive) | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
adj | = | adjective |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
ger | = | gerund(ive) |
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
neut | = | neuter (gender) |
trans | = | transitive |
vb | = | verb |
wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
W2I | = | Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language, 2nd ed. (1959) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |