Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2. mā- 'timely, opportune'
Semantic Field(s): Fortune (Good or Bad)
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | manes | n.pl | manes | AHD |
| matines | n | matins | W7 | |
| mature | adj | mature | W7 | |
| English: | immature | adj | premature | AHD/W7 |
| mañana | adv | tomorrow; at indefinite future time | AHD/W7 | |
| manes | n.pl | departed spirits | AHD | |
| matinee | n | musical/dramatic event/performance event held in daytime | AHD/W7 | |
| matins | n | religious office: one of first canonical hours | AHD/W7 | |
| mature | adj | based on careful consideration | AHD/W7 | |
| matutinal | adj | early, re: morning | AHD/W7 | |
| premature | adj | existing/arriving/happening/performed before usual/proper time | AHD/W7 | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | immaturus | adj | immature, not ripe | W7 |
| mane | adv | early in the morning | W7 | |
| mānēs | n.masc | ghost, shade, manes | AHD/ELD | |
| maturus | adj | ripe, mature | W7 | |
| Matuta | prop.n.fem | goddess of morning | W7 | |
| matutinae | n.fem.pl | matins | W7 | |
| matutinum | n.neut | morning | W7 | |
| matutinus | adj | of the morning | W7 | |
| praematurus | adj | too early | W7 | |
| Late Latin: | matutinae | n.fem.pl | religious office celebrated in morning | W7 |
| matutinalis | adj | of the morning | W7 | |
| Spanish: | mañana | adv | tomorrow | W7 |
| Old French: | matin | n.masc | morning | W7 |
| matines | n.fem.pl | mass sung at dawn | W7 | |
| French: | matinée | n.fem | morning | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| adv | = | adverb(ial) |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| pl | = | plural (number) |
| prop | = | proper |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ELD | = | Charlton T. Lewis: An Elementary Latin Dictionary (1999) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
