Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 1. math-, or moth- 'moth, harmful insect'
Semantic Field(s): Insect
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | moþþe | n.fem | moth | ASD/W7 |
| Middle English: | mothe | n | moth | W7 |
| English: | mawk | n | maggot | LRC |
| moth | n | clothes moth: insect whose larvae eat fur/wool/feathers | AHD/W7 | |
| Prometheus | prop.n | Titan honored for stealing fire from Zeus (Greek mythology) | LRC | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Dutch: | mot | n | moth | TLL |
| Middle High German: | motte | n | moth | W7 |
| German: | Motte | n | moth | ASD |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | maðkr | n | mawk | KNW |
| Icelandic: | motti | n | moth | ASD |
| Swedish: | mask | n | worm | TLL |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | maþa | n | mawk, worm | KGW |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | Prometheus | prop.n.masc | Prometheus | W7 |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | Promētheus | prop.n.masc | Prometheus | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| prop | = | proper |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| KGW | = | Gerhard Köbler: Gotisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (1989) |
| KNW | = | Gerhard Köbler: Altnordisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (2003) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
