Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 1. me- 'me (1st pers. sg. oblique pronoun stem)'
Semantic Field(s): Human Being
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Celtic | ||||
Old Irish: | me-sse | pron.1.sg | me | GED |
mē | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED | |
Scots Gaelic: | mi | pron.1.sg.nom/acc/dat | I, me | TLL |
Welsh: | mi | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED |
English | ||||
Old English: | mē | pron.1.sg.dat/acc | (to) me | W7 |
mec, mic | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED | |
mīn | pron.1.sg.gen/adj.poss | my | W7 | |
Middle English: | madam(e) | n | madam | AHD/W7 |
me | pron.1.sg | (to) me | W7 | |
my | pron.1.sg.gen | my | W7 | |
English: | Madam | prop.n | My Lady [title for married woman] | AHD |
madam | n | lady | AHD/W7 | |
mavourneen, mavournin | n | my darling | AHD | |
me | pron.1.sg.obj | self [as (in)direct object] | AHD/W7 | |
mine | pron.1.sg.gen.pred | re: self [as possessor] | AHD/W7 | |
my | pron.1.sg.gen.attr | re: self [as possessor] | AHD/W7 | |
mynheer | n | Dutchman [title for gentleman] | AHD/W7 | |
myself | pron.1.sg.refl | self [emphasized] | AHD | |
West Germanic | ||||
Old Frisian: | me | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | ASD |
mi | pron.1.sg.acc | me | ASD | |
mīn | pron.1.sg.gen/adj.poss | my | ASD | |
Dutch: | mij | pron.1.sg.dat/acc | (to) me | |
mijn | pron.1.sg | my | W7 | |
mijnheer | n | my lord/master | W7 | |
Old Saxon: | mi | pron.1.sg.dat/acc | (to) me | ASD |
mik | pron.1.sg | me | GED | |
mīn | pron.1.sg.gen/adj.poss | my | ASD | |
Old High German: | mih | pron.1.sg.acc | me | ASD/GED |
mīn | pron.1.sg.gen/adj.poss | my | ASD | |
mir | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | ASD | |
German: | mein | pron.1.sg.gen | my | LRC |
mich | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED | |
mir | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | GED | |
North Germanic | ||||
Runic: | mez | pron.1.sg.dat | me | GED |
m(i)k | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED | |
Old Icelandic: | mek, mik | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED |
mēr | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | GED | |
Icelandic: | mér | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | ASD |
mik | pron.1.sg.acc | me | ASD | |
mīn | pron.1.sg.gen | my | ASD | |
mīnn | adj.poss | my | ASD | |
Danish: | mig | pron.1.sg.dat/acc | (to) me | TLL |
min | pron.1.sg.gen | my | TLL | |
Swedish: | mej | pron.1.sg.dat/acc.colq | (to) me | TLL |
mig | pron.1.sg.dat/acc | (to) me | TLL | |
min | pron.1.sg.gen | my | TLL | |
East Germanic | ||||
Gothic: | meina | pron.1.sg.gen | my | ASD |
meins | adj.poss | my, mine | LRC | |
mik | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED | |
Italic | ||||
Umbrian: | mehe | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | GED |
Old Latin: | mēd | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED |
mei | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | GED | |
Latin: | mē | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED |
meus, mea, meum | pron.1.sg.gen/adj.poss | my | LRC | |
mihi, mī | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | GED | |
French: | madame | n.fem | madam | AHD |
mademoiselle | n.fem | girl, lit. my young lady | AHD | |
monsieur | n.masc | mister, gentleman, lit. my sir | AHD | |
American French: | Madame | prop.n.fem | Madam [title for married woman] | AHD |
Mademoiselle | prop.n.fem | Miss, My Young Lady [title for girl/unmarried woman] | AHD | |
Monsieur | prop.n.masc | Mister, My Sir [title for gentleman] | AHD | |
Italian: | me | pron.1.sg.acc/dat | me | |
Baltic | ||||
Lithuanian: | -m | enc.1.sg.acc | me | GED |
manè | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED | |
-mi | enc.1.sg.dat | (to) me | GED | |
Latvian: | mani | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED |
mans | pron.1.sg.gen | my | LRC | |
Slavic | ||||
Old Church Slavonic: | mi | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | GED |
moi | pron.1.sg.gen | my | LRC | |
mę | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED | |
Russian: | menya | pron.1.sg.acc | me | TLL |
mne | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | TLL | |
Albanian | ||||
Albanian: | im | pron.1.sg.gen | my | IEW |
mua | pron.1.sg | me | GED | |
mue | pron.1.sg | me | GED | |
Hellenic | ||||
Greek: | ἐμέ, ἐμέγε | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED |
ἐμοί | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | GED | |
με | enc.1.sg.acc | me | GED | |
μοι | enc.1.sg.dat | (to) me | GED | |
Anatolian | ||||
Lycian: | amu | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED |
Hittite: | ammuk | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED |
-mu | enc.1.sg.acc | me | GED | |
Iranian | ||||
Old Persian: | mām | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED |
Avestan: | mā | enc.1.sg.acc | me | GED |
maibyā | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | GED | |
Indic | ||||
Sanskrit: | máhyam | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | GED |
mā | enc.pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED | |
mām | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED | |
Tocharian | ||||
Tocharian B: | -ñ | enc.1.sg.acc | me | GED |
ñä-ś | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED | |
Tocharian A: | -ñi | enc.1.sg.dat | (to) me | GED |
ñuk | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
1 | = | 1st person |
acc | = | accusative (case) |
adj | = | adjective |
attr | = | attributive |
colq | = | colloquial |
dat | = | dative (case) |
enc | = | enclitic |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
gen | = | genitive (case) |
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
nom | = | nominative (case) |
obj | = | objective (case) |
poss | = | possessive (case) |
pred | = | predicative |
pron | = | pronoun |
prop | = | proper |
refl | = | reflexive |
sg | = | singular (number) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
GED | = | Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986) |
IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |