Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 1. me- 'me (1st pers. sg. oblique pronoun stem)'
Semantic Field(s): Human Being
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | ||||
| Old Irish: | me-sse | pron.1.sg | me | GED |
| mē | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED | |
| Scots Gaelic: | mi | pron.1.sg.nom/acc/dat | I, me | TLL |
| Welsh: | mi | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED |
| English | ||||
| Old English: | mē | pron.1.sg.dat/acc | (to) me | W7 |
| mec, mic | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED | |
| mīn | pron.1.sg.gen/adj.poss | my | W7 | |
| Middle English: | madam(e) | n | madam | AHD/W7 |
| me | pron.1.sg | (to) me | W7 | |
| my | pron.1.sg.gen | my | W7 | |
| English: | Madam | prop.n | My Lady [title for married woman] | AHD |
| madam | n | lady | AHD/W7 | |
| mavourneen, mavournin | n | my darling | AHD | |
| me | pron.1.sg.obj | self [as (in)direct object] | AHD/W7 | |
| mine | pron.1.sg.gen.pred | re: self [as possessor] | AHD/W7 | |
| my | pron.1.sg.gen.attr | re: self [as possessor] | AHD/W7 | |
| mynheer | n | Dutchman [title for gentleman] | AHD/W7 | |
| myself | pron.1.sg.refl | self [emphasized] | AHD | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian: | me | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | ASD |
| mi | pron.1.sg.acc | me | ASD | |
| mīn | pron.1.sg.gen/adj.poss | my | ASD | |
| Dutch: | mij | pron.1.sg.dat/acc | (to) me | |
| mijn | pron.1.sg | my | W7 | |
| mijnheer | n | my lord/master | W7 | |
| Old Saxon: | mi | pron.1.sg.dat/acc | (to) me | ASD |
| mik | pron.1.sg | me | GED | |
| mīn | pron.1.sg.gen/adj.poss | my | ASD | |
| Old High German: | mih | pron.1.sg.acc | me | ASD/GED |
| mīn | pron.1.sg.gen/adj.poss | my | ASD | |
| mir | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | ASD | |
| German: | mein | pron.1.sg.gen | my | LRC |
| mich | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED | |
| mir | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | GED | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Runic: | mez | pron.1.sg.dat | me | GED |
| m(i)k | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED | |
| Old Icelandic: | mek, mik | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED |
| mēr | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | GED | |
| Icelandic: | mér | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | ASD |
| mik | pron.1.sg.acc | me | ASD | |
| mīn | pron.1.sg.gen | my | ASD | |
| mīnn | adj.poss | my | ASD | |
| Danish: | mig | pron.1.sg.dat/acc | (to) me | TLL |
| min | pron.1.sg.gen | my | TLL | |
| Swedish: | mej | pron.1.sg.dat/acc.colq | (to) me | TLL |
| mig | pron.1.sg.dat/acc | (to) me | TLL | |
| min | pron.1.sg.gen | my | TLL | |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | meina | pron.1.sg.gen | my | ASD |
| meins | adj.poss | my, mine | LRC | |
| mik | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED | |
| Italic | ||||
| Umbrian: | mehe | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | GED |
| Old Latin: | mēd | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED |
| mei | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | GED | |
| Latin: | mē | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED |
| meus, mea, meum | pron.1.sg.gen/adj.poss | my | LRC | |
| mihi, mī | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | GED | |
| French: | madame | n.fem | madam | AHD |
| mademoiselle | n.fem | girl, lit. my young lady | AHD | |
| monsieur | n.masc | mister, gentleman, lit. my sir | AHD | |
| American French: | Madame | prop.n.fem | Madam [title for married woman] | AHD |
| Mademoiselle | prop.n.fem | Miss, My Young Lady [title for girl/unmarried woman] | AHD | |
| Monsieur | prop.n.masc | Mister, My Sir [title for gentleman] | AHD | |
| Italian: | me | pron.1.sg.acc/dat | me | |
| Baltic | ||||
| Lithuanian: | -m | enc.1.sg.acc | me | GED |
| manè | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED | |
| -mi | enc.1.sg.dat | (to) me | GED | |
| Latvian: | mani | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED |
| mans | pron.1.sg.gen | my | LRC | |
| Slavic | ||||
| Old Church Slavonic: | mi | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | GED |
| moi | pron.1.sg.gen | my | LRC | |
| mę | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED | |
| Russian: | menya | pron.1.sg.acc | me | TLL |
| mne | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | TLL | |
| Albanian | ||||
| Albanian: | im | pron.1.sg.gen | my | IEW |
| mua | pron.1.sg | me | GED | |
| mue | pron.1.sg | me | GED | |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | ἐμέ, ἐμέγε | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED |
| ἐμοί | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | GED | |
| με | enc.1.sg.acc | me | GED | |
| μοι | enc.1.sg.dat | (to) me | GED | |
| Anatolian | ||||
| Lycian: | amu | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED |
| Hittite: | ammuk | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED |
| -mu | enc.1.sg.acc | me | GED | |
| Iranian | ||||
| Old Persian: | mām | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED |
| Avestan: | mā | enc.1.sg.acc | me | GED |
| maibyā | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | GED | |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | máhyam | pron.1.sg.dat | (to) me | GED |
| mā | enc.pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED | |
| mām | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED | |
| Tocharian | ||||
| Tocharian B: | -ñ | enc.1.sg.acc | me | GED |
| ñä-ś | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED | |
| Tocharian A: | -ñi | enc.1.sg.dat | (to) me | GED |
| ñuk | pron.1.sg.acc | me | GED | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | = | 1st person |
| acc | = | accusative (case) |
| adj | = | adjective |
| attr | = | attributive |
| colq | = | colloquial |
| dat | = | dative (case) |
| enc | = | enclitic |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| gen | = | genitive (case) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| nom | = | nominative (case) |
| obj | = | objective (case) |
| poss | = | possessive (case) |
| pred | = | predicative |
| pron | = | pronoun |
| prop | = | proper |
| refl | = | reflexive |
| sg | = | singular (number) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| GED | = | Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986) |
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |