Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2. meug-, meuk- 'to slip, slide; meek'
Semantic Field(s): to Slip, Slide
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | sméag | adj | smart, shrewd, cunning, sagacious | IEW |
| smēa(ga)n | vb.str | to seek, ponder, examine, investigate | ASD/IEW | |
| sméagol | adj | thin, narrow; slim, slender | IEW | |
| smoc(c) | n.masc | smock | W7 | |
| smūgan | vb.str | to sneak, creep, crawl; slip, slide | ASD/IEW | |
| smygel(s) | n.masc | burrow, place to creep into | ASD | |
| Middle English: | macche | n | match | W7 |
| meek | adj | meek | W7 | |
| moiste | adj | moist | W7 | |
| mowlde | n | mold | W7 | |
| muscilage | n | mucilage | W7 | |
| smok | n | smock | W7 | |
| English: | emunctory | n | organ for carrying off body wastes | AHD/W7 |
| match | n | wick/cord chemically prepared for burning | AHD/W7 | |
| meek | adj | mild, enduring injury with patience/without resentment | AHD/W7 | |
| moist | adj | damp, slightly/moderately wet | AHD/W7 | |
| moisture | n | wetness | TLL | |
| mold | n | superficial growth on damp/decaying organic matter | AHD/W7 | |
| mucilage | n | gelatinous substance (from seaweed) similar to plant gums | AHD/W7 | |
| mucus | n | viscid slippery secretion from mucous membranes | AHD/W7 | |
| mug | n | drizzle | AHD/W7 | |
| muggy | adj | warm, damp, and close | AHD/W7 | |
| musty | adj | stale/moldy in taste/odor | AHD | |
| saccharomyces | n | single-celled sugar-fermenting yeast | AHD | |
| schmuck | n | oaf, stupid/clumsy person | AHD | |
| Smaug | prop.n | worm/dragon in Tolkien: The Hobbit | LRC | |
| Sméagol | prop.n | a.k.a. Gollum in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
| smial | n | hobbit-hole in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
| smock | n | woman's undergarment | AHD/W7 | |
| smug | adj | spruce, trim/smart in dress | AHD/W7 | |
| smuggle | vb | to import/export secretly (without paying duties) | AHD/W7 | |
| streptomyces | n.pl | soil actinomycetes | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Dutch: | smokkelen | vb | to smuggle | W7 |
| Middle Low German: | smuck | adj | supple, pliant | W7 |
| smucken | vb | to dress | W7 | |
| Low German: | smuck | adj | neat, smug | W7 |
| smuggeln | vb | to smuggle | W7 | |
| Old High German: | smocco | n | adornment | W7 |
| Middle High German: | smiegen | vb | to creep, crawl | ASD |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | mjūkr | adj | gentle | W7 |
| myki | n | dung | W7 | |
| *smaug | adj | smart, shrewd, cunning, sagacious | LRC | |
| smjúga | vb | to pierce, creep through/under | ICE | |
| Icelandic: | smjúga, smaug | vb | to pierce, creep through/under | ICE |
| smogall, smugall | adj | penetrating | ASD | |
| smuga | n.fem | hole, narrow cleft to creep through | ASD | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | emungo, emungere, emunxī, emunctus | vb | to clean the nose | W7 |
| mucidus | adj | slimy | W7 | |
| mucus | n.masc | mucus | W7 | |
| Vulgar Latin: | muscidus | adj | moist | W7 |
| Late Latin: | mucilago | n.fem | mucus; musty juice | W7 |
| New Latin: | emunctorium | n.neut | handkerchief | W7 |
| streptomyces | n.masc.pl | genus of soil actinomycetes | W7 | |
| Middle French: | meiche | n.fem | match, cord to fire firearms | W7 |
| moiste | adj | moist, wet | W7 | |
| Baltic | ||||
| Latvian: | izmaukt, izmaucu, izmaucu | vb | to be carved from, hollowed out | LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | mykēs | n.masc | a fungus | W7 |
| myxa | n.fem | mucus | W7 | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| pl | = | plural (number) |
| prop | = | proper |
| str | = | strong (inflection) |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| ICE | = | Richard Cleasby and Gudbrand Vigfusson: An Icelandic-English Dictionary (1874) |
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
