Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: moru̯ī̆- 'maur, mire, ant'
Semantic Field(s): Insect
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | mȳre | n | mire | IEW |
| Middle English: | mire | n | mire | W7 |
| pissemire | n | pismire | W7 | |
| English: | formic | adj | re: vesicatory liquid acid | AHD/W7 |
| formicary | n | ant nest/mound | AHD/W7 | |
| formicivorous | adj | ant-eating | AHD | |
| maur | n | ant | OED | |
| mire | n | ant | OED | |
| pismire | n | mire | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Middle Dutch: | miere | n | mire | OED |
| Dutch: | mier | n | mire | OED |
| Middle Low German: | mire | n | mire | OED |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | maurr | n.masc | maur | LRC |
| Danish: | myre | n | mire | TLL |
| Swedish: | myra | n | mire | TLL |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Crimean Gothic: | miera | n | mire | CGo |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | formica | n.fem | maur | W7 |
| Medieval Latin: | formicarium | n.neut | formicary | W7 |
| Portuguese: | formiga | n | maur | TLL |
| Spanish: | hormiga | n | maur | TLL |
| French: | fourmi | n | maur | TLL |
| Italian: | formica | n | maur | TLL |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | myrmēx | n.masc | maur | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| CGo | = | MacDonald Stearns, Jr: Crimean Gothic (1978) |
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| OED | = | James A.H. Murray et al: The Oxford English Dictionary (1933) |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
