Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 1. ned- : ned- 'to net, bind, connect, roll up, twist together'
Semantic Field(s): to Bind, Knot (n)
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Old English: | net | n | net | W7 |
netel(e), netle | n.fem | nettle | ASD/W7 | |
Middle English: | annexen | vb | to annex | W7 |
nett | n | net | W7 | |
nettle | n | nettle | W7 | |
nouche | n | ouch, brooch | W7 | |
ouch | n | ouch | W7 | |
English: | adnexa | n | conjoined/subordinate/associated anatomic parts | AHD/W7 |
annex | vb.trans | to attach as quality/condition/consequence | AHD/W7 | |
connect | vb | to tie/join/fasten together | AHD/W7 | |
denouement | n | final outcome/unraveling of dramatic complication in literary work | AHD/W7 | |
net | n | meshed fabric twisted/knotted/woven together at intervals | AHD/W7 | |
net | vb | to catch/cover with net | W7 | |
nettle | n | coarse herb with stinging hairs | AHD/W7 | |
nexus | n | link, connection | AHD/W7 | |
node | n | predicament, entangling complication | AHD/W7 | |
nodule | n | small mass of rounded/irregular shape | AHD/W7 | |
nodus | n | difficulty, complication | AHD/W7 | |
noil | n | short textile fiber | AHD | |
noose | n | loop with running knot that draws tighter | AHD/W7 | |
ouch | n | brooch, clasp | AHD/W7 | |
West Germanic | ||||
Old High German: | nazza, nezila | n | nettle | ASD/W7 |
nezzi | n | net | W7 | |
nusca | n | clasp | W7 | |
German: | Nessel | n.fem | nettle | LRC |
Netz | n.neut | net | LRC | |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | annecto, annectere, annexi, annexui, annectus | vb | to annex, bind/join to | W7 |
cōnecto, cōnectere | vb | to connect | W7 | |
nectō, nectere, nexī, nexuī, nexus | vb | to bind | W7 | |
nodo, nodāre | vb | to tie | W7 | |
nodulus | n.masc | small knot | W7 | |
nodus | n.masc | knot | W7 | |
New Latin: | adnexa | vb.ptc.fem | attached to | W7 |
Old French: | annexe | n.fem | part joined | W7 |
annexer | vb | to join | W7 | |
desnoer | vb | to loosen, undo a knot | W7 | |
noer | vb | to tie | W7 | |
Middle French: | desnouement | n.masc | untying | W7 |
desnouer | vb | to untie | W7 | |
French: | dénouement | n.masc | untying, denouement | W7 |
Provençal: | nous | n.masc | knot | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
neut | = | neuter (gender) |
ptc | = | participle |
trans | = | transitive |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |