Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 1. ned- : ned- 'to net, bind, connect, roll up, twist together'
Semantic Field(s): to Bind, Knot (n)
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | net | n | net | W7 |
| netel(e), netle | n.fem | nettle | ASD/W7 | |
| Middle English: | annexen | vb | to annex | W7 |
| nett | n | net | W7 | |
| nettle | n | nettle | W7 | |
| nouche | n | ouch, brooch | W7 | |
| ouch | n | ouch | W7 | |
| English: | adnexa | n | conjoined/subordinate/associated anatomic parts | AHD/W7 |
| annex | vb.trans | to attach as quality/condition/consequence | AHD/W7 | |
| connect | vb | to tie/join/fasten together | AHD/W7 | |
| denouement | n | final outcome/unraveling of dramatic complication in literary work | AHD/W7 | |
| net | n | meshed fabric twisted/knotted/woven together at intervals | AHD/W7 | |
| net | vb | to catch/cover with net | W7 | |
| nettle | n | coarse herb with stinging hairs | AHD/W7 | |
| nexus | n | link, connection | AHD/W7 | |
| node | n | predicament, entangling complication | AHD/W7 | |
| nodule | n | small mass of rounded/irregular shape | AHD/W7 | |
| nodus | n | difficulty, complication | AHD/W7 | |
| noil | n | short textile fiber | AHD | |
| noose | n | loop with running knot that draws tighter | AHD/W7 | |
| ouch | n | brooch, clasp | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old High German: | nazza, nezila | n | nettle | ASD/W7 |
| nezzi | n | net | W7 | |
| nusca | n | clasp | W7 | |
| German: | Nessel | n.fem | nettle | LRC |
| Netz | n.neut | net | LRC | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | annecto, annectere, annexi, annexui, annectus | vb | to annex, bind/join to | W7 |
| cōnecto, cōnectere | vb | to connect | W7 | |
| nectō, nectere, nexī, nexuī, nexus | vb | to bind | W7 | |
| nodo, nodāre | vb | to tie | W7 | |
| nodulus | n.masc | small knot | W7 | |
| nodus | n.masc | knot | W7 | |
| New Latin: | adnexa | vb.ptc.fem | attached to | W7 |
| Old French: | annexe | n.fem | part joined | W7 |
| annexer | vb | to join | W7 | |
| desnoer | vb | to loosen, undo a knot | W7 | |
| noer | vb | to tie | W7 | |
| Middle French: | desnouement | n.masc | untying | W7 |
| desnouer | vb | to untie | W7 | |
| French: | dénouement | n.masc | untying, denouement | W7 |
| Provençal: | nous | n.masc | knot | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| ptc | = | participle |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |