Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 1. neu- 'to call, praise'
Semantic Field(s): to Call, Summon, Praise (n)
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Middle English: | announcen | vb | to announce | W7 |
denouncen | vb | to denounce | W7 | |
pronouncen | vb | to pronounce | W7 | |
renouncen | vb | to renounce | W7 | |
English: | announce | vb | to proclaim, make known publicly | AHD/W7 |
denounce | vb.trans | to declare, announce | AHD/OED | |
enunciate | vb | to make definite/systematic statement | AHD/W7 | |
internuncio | n | go-between, messenger between two parties | AHD/W7 | |
nuncio | n | papal ambassador | AHD/W7 | |
pronounce | vb | to utter officially/ceremoniously | AHD/W7 | |
renounce | vb | to refuse/resign/give up by formal declaration | AHD/W7 | |
West Germanic | ||||
German: | annoncieren | vb | to announce | TLL |
denunzieren | vb | to denounce | LRC | |
North Germanic | ||||
Swedish: | annonsera | vb | to announce | TLL |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | annuntio, annuntiāre | vb | to announce | W7 |
denuntio, denuntiare | vb | to denounce | W7 | |
enuntio, enuntiare, enuntiavi, enuntiatus | vb | to report, declare | W7 | |
internuntius | n.masc | messenger, mediator | W7 | |
nuntio, nuntiāre | vb | to report | W7 | |
nuntius, nuncius | n.masc | messenger, message | W7 | |
pronuntiō, pronuntiāre, pronuntiāvī, pronuntiātum | vb | to pronounce | LRC | |
renuntio, renuntiāre | vb | to renounce | W7 | |
Old French: | anoncier | vb | to announce | AHD |
denoncier | vb | to denounce | W7 | |
Middle French: | annoncer | vb | to announce | W7 |
prononcier | vb | to pronounce | W7 | |
renoncer | vb | to renounce | W7 | |
Italian: | nunzio | n.masc | nuncio | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
trans | = | transitive |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
OED | = | James A.H. Murray et al: The Oxford English Dictionary (1933) |
TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |