Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: neu̯os, neu̯i̯os 'new'
Semantic Field(s): New
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | nīwe, nēowe | adj | new, fresh | ASD |
| Middle English: | anewe | adv | anew | MEV |
| new | adj | new | W7 | |
| novel | adj | novel | W7 | |
| novelte | n | novelty | W7 | |
| novice | n | novice | W7 | |
| span-new | adj | span-new | W7 | |
| English: | aneroid | adj | containing no liquid, actuated without liquid | AHD/W7 |
| anew | adv | afresh, once more/again | W7 | |
| innovate | vb | to introduce as (if) new | AHD/W7 | |
| misoneism | n | hatred/intolerance of something new/changed | AHD/W7 | |
| neo- | pfx | new | TLL | |
| Neogaea | prop.n | New World, western hemisphere | AHD/CDC | |
| neon | n | colorless odorless inert gas | AHD/W7 | |
| neonatal | adj | re: newborn (human) infant | W7 | |
| neonate | n | newborn infant | AHD | |
| neoteric | adj | modern, recent in origin | AHD/W7 | |
| new | adj | recent, having existed but a short time | AHD/W7 | |
| nova | n | a suddenly brighter star | AHD/W7 | |
| novation | n | substitution of new for old legal obligation | AHD/W7 | |
| novel | adj | new, having no precedent | AHD/W7 | |
| novel | n | invented (usu. long/complex) prose narrative re: human experience | AHD/W7 | |
| novelty | n | something new/unusual | AHD/W7 | |
| novercal | adj | re: stepmother | AHD | |
| novice | n | probationary member of religious community | AHD/W7 | |
| novillada | n | bullfight with bulls under 4 years old | AHD | |
| novillero | n | bullfighter restricted to bulls under 4 years old | AHD | |
| renovate | vb.trans | to revive, restore to life/vigor/activity | AHD/W7 | |
| span-new | adj | brand-new | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian: | nīe | adj | new, fresh | ASD |
| Dutch: | nieuw | adj | new | TLL |
| Old Saxon: | nīwi | adj | new, fresh | ASD |
| Old High German: | niuwi, nīwi | adj | new | ASD/W7 |
| German: | neu | adj | new | LRC |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | nȳr | adj | new | W7 |
| spānnȳr | n | lit. new chip of wood | W7 | |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | niujis | adj | new, fresh | ASD |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | innovo, innovare, innovavi, innovatus | vb | to renew | W7 |
| novellus | adj | new | W7 | |
| novicius | adj | new, inexperienced | W7 | |
| novō, novāre, novāvī, novātus | vb | to make new | W7 | |
| novus, nova, novum | adj | new | W7 | |
| renovo, renovare, renovavi, renovatus | vb | to renew | W7 | |
| Late Latin: | neotericus | adj | neoteric | W7 |
| novatio, novationis | n.fem | renewal, legal novation | W7 | |
| New Latin: | nova | n.fem | nova | W7 |
| Portuguese: | novo | adj | new | TLL |
| Spanish: | novillada | n.fem | novillada | LRC |
| novillero | n.masc | novillero | LRC | |
| nuevo | adj | new | TLL | |
| Middle French: | novel | adj | new | W7 |
| noveleté | n.fem | novelty | W7 | |
| novice | n.masc | new/young monk | W7 | |
| French: | anéroïde | adj | containing no liquid | W7 |
| neuf | adj | new | TLL | |
| Italian: | misoneismo | n.masc | hatred of anything new | CID/W7 |
| novèlla | n.fem | short story | W7 | |
| nuovo | adj | new | TLL | |
| Baltic | ||||
| Lithuanian: | naũjas, naujà | adj | new | LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | nearos | adj | young | W7 |
| neos | adj | new, young | W7 | |
| neōterikos | adj | youthful | W7 | |
| neōterios | adj.comp | younger | W7 | |
| Late Greek: | nēron | n.neut | water | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| adv | = | adverb(ial) |
| comp | = | comparative |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| pfx | = | prefix |
| prop | = | proper |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
| CID | = | Cassell's Italian Dictionary (1958) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| MEV | = | J.R.R. Tolkien: A Middle English Vocabulary (1922) |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
