Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: ōg-, əg- 'to grow; fruit, berry'
Semantic Field(s): to Grow, Fruit, Berry
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | æcern, æcirn | n.neut | fruit, acorn | ASD/W7 |
| īw | n | yew | W7 | |
| Middle English: | akern | n | acorn | W7 |
| English: | acorn | n | oak nut | AHD/W7 |
| pyruvate | n | salt/ester of pyruvic acid | W7 | |
| pyruvic | adj | re: liquid keto acid of metabolism | AHD/W7 | |
| uvea | n | posterior pigmented iris layer | AHD/W7 | |
| uvula | n | pendent fleshy lobe in soft palate | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Middle High German: | ackeran | n.pl | acorns | W7 |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | akarn | n.neut | acorn | ASD |
| Norwegian: | aakorn | n | acorn | ASD |
| Danish: | agern | n.neut | acorn | ASD |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | akran | n.str.neut | fruit | LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | ūva | n.fem | vine, grape(s) | CLD/W7 |
| Medieval Latin: | uvula | n.fem | grape, uvula | W7 |
| Slavic | ||||
| Russian: | yagoda | n | berry | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| pl | = | plural (number) |
| str | = | strong (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| CLD | = | Cassell's Latin Dictionary (1959, rev. 1968) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
