Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: om- 'raw, coarse, bitter'
Semantic Field(s): Bitter
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | ampre | n | sorrel | W7 |
| English: | amarelle | n | cultivated cherry derived from sour cherry | AHD/W7 |
| amaretto | n | almond liqueur | AHD | |
| ambarella | n | tropical/equatorial fruit tree | AHD | |
| marasca | n | European sour cherry tree | AHD | |
| maraschino | n | sweet liqueur distilled from fermented juice of bitter wild cherry | AHD/W7 | |
| morello | n | cherry distinguished from amarelle by dark-colored skin/juice | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Flemish: | (a)marelle | n | amarelle | W7 |
| German: | Amarelle | n | amarelle | AHD |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | amarus | adj | bitter | W7 |
| Medieval Latin: | amarellum | adj | bitter | W7 |
| amarellum | n.neut | bitter wild cherry | W7 | |
| Italian: | amaretto | n | amaretto | LRC |
| amaro | adj | bitter | LRC | |
| marasca | n.fem | marasca, bitter wild cherry | W7 | |
| maraschino | n.masc | cherry liqueur | W7 | |
| Albanian | ||||
| Albanian: | ambëlë | adj | sweet | IEW |
| Gheg: | ambel | adj | sweet | LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | ὠμοβόειος | adj | re: raw untanned oxhide | LRC |
| ōmos | adj | raw | W7 | |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | āmraḥ | n | mango tree | AHD |
| āmravāṭakaḥ | n | ambarella | AHD | |
| āmlaḥ | adj | tart | AHD | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
