Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: ongu̯- 'to anoint'
Semantic Field(s): to Rub
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | prēon | n.masc | preen | ASD/W7 |
| Middle English: | anointen | vb | to anoint | W7 |
| inunction | n | inunction | W7 | |
| oignement, ointment | n | ointment | W7 | |
| preinen | vb | to preen | W7 | |
| prene | n | preen | W7 | |
| unctioun | n | unction | W7 | |
| unctuous | adj | unctuous | W7 | |
| English: | anoint | vb.trans | to apply oil/oily substance | AHD/W7 |
| inunction | n | anointing, act of applying oil/ointment | AHD/W7 | |
| ointment | n | salve/unguent for skin application | AHD/W7 | |
| preen | n | pin, brooch | AHD/W7 | |
| preen | vb | to trim/dress with bill (re: bird) | AHD/W7 | |
| unction | n | act of anointing (as rite of healing/consecration) | AHD/W7 | |
| unctuous | adj | oily, fatty | AHD/W7 | |
| unguent | n | ointment, healing/soothing salve | AHD/W7 | |
| Scots English: | pre(y)ne | n | preen, pin made of wire | ASD |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Dutch: | priem | n | preen | ASD |
| Old High German: | ancho | n | butter | W7 |
| Middle High German: | pfrieme | n | awl | W7 |
| German: | Pfriem | n | preen | ASD |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Icelandic: | prjónn | n | preen, knitting pin | ASD |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | inunctio, inunctionis | n.fem | unction | W7 |
| inunguo, inunguere, inunxi, inunctus | vb | to anoint | W7 | |
| unctio, unctionis | n.fem | unction | W7 | |
| unctum | n.neut | ointment | W7 | |
| unguentum | n.neut | balm, unguent | W7 | |
| unguo, unguere, unxi, unctus | vb | to smear, anoint | W7 | |
| Medieval Latin: | unctuosus | adj | creamy, unctuous | W7 |
| Old French: | enoindre | vb | to anoint | AHD |
| enoint | vb.ptc | anointed | AHD | |
| oignement | n.masc | balm, unguent | W7 | |
| Middle French: | enoindre | vb | to anoint | W7 |
| enoint | vb.ptc | anointed | W7 | |
| unctueux | adj | creamy, unctuous | W7 | |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | añjati | vb | to salve | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| ptc | = | participle |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
