Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: ōr-, ər- 'to call, speak, talk, orate'
Semantic Field(s): to Call, Summon, to Speak, Talk
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | adouren | vb | to adore | AHD |
| oracle | n | oracle | W7 | |
| oratorie | n | oratory | W7 | |
| English: | adore | vb.trans | to worship/honor as divine | AHD/W7 |
| inexorable | adj | relentless, not moved/persuaded by entreaty | AHD/W7 | |
| oracle | n | person through whom deity is held to speak | AHD/W7 | |
| orate | vb | to harangue, speak in declamatory/grandiloquent manner | W7 | |
| oration | n | elaborate discourse delivered in.formal/dignified manner | AHD/W7 | |
| orator | n | plaintiff, petitioner, skilled public speaker | AHD/W7 | |
| oratory | n | art of public speaking | AHD/W7 | |
| oratory | n | place of prayer | AHD/W7 | |
| perorate | vb.intrans | to declaim, deliver long/grandiloquent oration | AHD/W7 | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | adoro, adorāre | vb | to adore | W7 |
| exorabilis | adj | pliant | W7 | |
| exoro, exorare | vb | to prevail upon | W7 | |
| inexorabilis | adj | inexorable | W7 | |
| oraculum | n.neut | omen, prediction | W7 | |
| oratio, orationis | n.fem | speech, oration | W7 | |
| oratoria | n.fem | (art of) oratory | W7 | |
| oratorius | adj | oratorical | W7 | |
| ōrō, ōrāre, ōrāvī, ōrātus | vb | to pray, speak, orate | LRC | |
| peroro, perorare, peroravi, peroratus | vb | to declaim at length, wind up an oration | W7 | |
| Late Latin: | oratorium | n.neut | oratory | W7 |
| Old French: | adourer | vb | to adore | AHD |
| Middle French: | adorer | vb | to adore | W7 |
| oracle | n.masc | oracle | W7 | |
| Slavic | ||||
| Russian: | orat | vb | to yell, orate | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| intrans | = | intransitive |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
