Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: org̑hi-, r̥g̑hi- 'testicle'
Semantic Field(s): Testicle
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | orbiculer | adj | orbicular | W7 |
| orbit | n | orbit | W7 | |
| English: | orb | n | sphere carrying orbiting body around earth | AHD/W7 |
| orbicular | adj | circular, spherical | AHD/W7 | |
| orbiculate | adj | orbicular | AHD | |
| orbit | n | bony socket of eye | AHD/W7 | |
| orchic | adj | testicular | W2I | |
| orchid | n | perennial epiphytic/terrestrial plant/flower | AHD/W7 | |
| orchiectomy | n | surgical removal of testicle(s) | AHD | |
| orchitis | n | testicular inflammation | AHD | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| German: | Orchidee | n.fem | orchid | LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | orbiculus | n.masc.dim | small orb/disk/circle | W7 |
| orbis | n.masc | orb, disk, ring, circle | CLD/W7 | |
| orbita | n.fem | rut, track | W7 | |
| Late Latin: | orbicularis | adj | rounded, orbicular | W7 |
| New Latin: | Orchis | n.fem | orchid (genus name) | W7 |
| Middle French: | orbe | n.fem | orb, disk, circle | W7 |
| orbiculaire | adj | orbicular | W7 | |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | ὄρχις | n.masc | testicle | LS |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| dim | = | diminutive |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| CLD | = | Cassell's Latin Dictionary (1959, rev. 1968) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| LS | = | Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev. |
| W2I | = | Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language, 2nd ed. (1959) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
