Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 6. pel- 'gray, dull color; pallor'
Semantic Field(s): White, Light in Color
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Old English: | fealg | n | piece of plowed land | W7 |
fealo, fealu | adj | fallow, tawny, pale (yellow) | ASD/IEW | |
fealu | n.neut | fallow ground | ASD | |
Middle English: | appallen | vb | to become pale | W7 |
falcon | n | falcon | W7 | |
falow | adj | fallow | W7 | |
falwe | n | fallow | W7 | |
gerfaucun | n | gyrfalcon, arctic falcon | W7 | |
pale | adj | pale | W7 | |
palen | vb | to pale | W7 | |
English: | appall | vb | to fail, weaken | AHD/W7 |
falcon | n | (trained) hawk: bird predator | AHD/W7 | |
Fallohide | prop.n | hobbit clan in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
fallow | adj | dusky, light yellowish brown | AHD/W7 | |
fallow | n | plowed land | AHD/W7 | |
fauvism | n | art characterized by free form/vivid color | AHD/W7 | |
gyrfalcon | n | large arctic falcon | AHD/W7 | |
pale | adj | pallid, deficient in color | AHD/W7 | |
pale | vb | to make/become pale/pallid | AHD/W7 | |
pallid | adj | wan, deficient in color | AHD/W7 | |
pallor | n | paleness, deficiency in color | AHD/W7 | |
palomino | n | pale-colored horse | AHD/W7 | |
pelargonium | n | southern African herb in geranium family | AHD/W7 | |
polio | n | poliomyelitis | LRC | |
poliomyelitis | n | acute infectious viral disease involving muscular atrophy/paralysis | AHD/W7 | |
West Germanic | ||||
Old High German: | falcho | n | falcon | W7 |
falo | adj | pale, fallow | W7 | |
German: | Falke | n.masc | falcon | LRC |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | palleo, pallēre | vb | to be pale | W7 |
pallesco, pallescere | vb | to become pale | W7 | |
pallidus | adj | pale | W7 | |
pallor | n.masc | paleness | W7 | |
palumbes | n.masc | ringdove | W7 | |
palumbinus | adj | of doves | W7 | |
Late Latin: | falco, falconis | n | falcon | W7 |
New Latin: | pelargonium | n.neut | plant(s) in geranium family | W7 |
poliomyelitis | n.fem | polio | W7 | |
Portuguese: | falcão | n | falcon | TLL |
Spanish: | halcón | n | falcon | TLL |
palomino | n.masc | chick, dove offspring | W7 | |
Old French: | apalir | vb | to grow pale | W7 |
Middle French: | apalir | vb | to grow pale | W7 |
girfaucon | n.masc | gyrfalcon | W7 | |
pâle | adj | pale | W7 | |
French: | faucon | n.masc | falcon | W7 |
fauve | n.masc | wild animal | W7 | |
fauvisme | n.masc | fauvism (art movement) | W7 | |
pâlir | vb | to grow pale | W7 | |
Italian: | falcone | n | falcon | TLL |
Hellenic | ||||
Greek: | pelargos | n.masc | stork | W7 |
peleia | n.fem | dove | W7 | |
polios | adj | gray | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
adj | = | adjective |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
neut | = | neuter (gender) |
prop | = | proper |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |