Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: pi-lo- 'hair, pile, pilus'
Semantic Field(s): Hair
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | pluccian, ploccan | vb.wk | to pluck, tear | ASD/W7 |
| Middle English: | catyrpel | n | caterpillar | W7 |
| peluche | n | plush | W7 | |
| pile | n | pile, hair, plumage | ODE | |
| piles | n.pl | piles | W7 | |
| pillage | n | pillage | W7 | |
| plucken | vb | to pluck | W7 | |
| English: | caterpillar | n | elongated wormlike larva of moth/butterfly | AHD/W7 |
| depilate | vb.trans | to remove hair from | AHD/W7 | |
| horripilation | n | goosebumps, hair bristling from fear/cold | AHD | |
| pelage | n | hairy covering of mammal | AHD/W7 | |
| pilar | adj | covered with hair, re: hair | AHD | |
| pile | n | coat/surface of close fine furry hairs | AHD/W7 | |
| piles | n.pl | hemorrhoids | AHD/W7 | |
| pileus | n | umbrella-shaped fungal fruiting body | AHD/W7 | |
| piliferous | adj | bearing/producing hair | AHD | |
| pillage | n | act of looting/plundering | AHD/W7 | |
| pilocarpine | n | alkaloid isolated from pilocarpus | AHD/CDC | |
| pilocarpus | n | genus of polypetalous shrubs | CDC | |
| pilose | adj | covered with soft hair | AHD/W7 | |
| pilus | n | hair, hairlike structure | AHD | |
| pluck | vb | to pull off, pick out | AHD/W7 | |
| plush | n | fabric with long even pile | AHD/W7 | |
| poilu | n | French soldier | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Middle Dutch: | pijl | n | pile, fine hair | ODE |
| Dutch: | plukken | vb | to pluck | ASD |
| Middle Low German: | pile | n | downy plumage | ODE |
| Middle High German: | pflücken | vb | to pluck | ASD |
| German: | pflücken | vb | to pluck | LRC |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Icelandic: | plokka, plukka | vb | to pluck | ASD |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | depilatus | vb.ptc | depilated | W7 |
| depilo, depilāre | vb | to remove hair | W7 | |
| pila | n.fem | ball (to play with) | W7 | |
| pilleum | n.neut | felt cap | W7 | |
| pil(l)eus | n.masc | felt cap | W7 | |
| pilosus | adj | hairy | W7 | |
| pilus | n.masc | hair | W7 | |
| New Latin: | pileus | n.masc | fungal fruit | W7 |
| Portuguese: | pelo | n.masc | hair | ODE |
| Spanish: | pelo | n.masc | hair | ODE |
| Old French: | poil | n | (type of) cloth, fabric | ODE |
| Old North French: | catepelose | n.masc | hairy cat | W7 |
| Anglo-French: | pyle, peil | n | (type of) cloth, fabric | ODE |
| Middle French: | peille | n.fem | rag | W7 |
| pelage | n.masc | fur | W7 | |
| pillage | n.masc | looting | W7 | |
| piller | vb | to plunder | W7 | |
| poil | n.masc | hair | W7 | |
| poilu | adj | hairy | W7 | |
| French: | pelage | n.masc | fur | W7 |
| poilu | adj | hairy | W7 | |
| Italian: | pelo | n.masc | hair | ODE |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | πῖλος | n.masc | pile, mat; wool, hair | LRC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| pl | = | plural (number) |
| ptc | = | participle |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
| wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| ODE | = | C.T. Onions: The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology (1966) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
