Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: pī̆p(p)- 'to peep, squeak'
Semantic Field(s): Sound (n), Various Cries
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | ||||
| Scots Gaelic: | piobaireachd | n.fem | pipe-music | GE/W7 |
| English | ||||
| Old English: | pīpe, pīpa | n.fem | pipe | W7 |
| Middle English: | pepen | vb | to peep | W7 |
| pigeon | n | pigeon | W7 | |
| pipe | n | pipe | W7 | |
| English: | fife | n | small transverse shrill-toned flute | AHD/W7 |
| peep | vb | to cheep, chirp, utter shrill feeble sound | W7 | |
| pibroch | n | martial/mournful tune for Scottish bagpipe | AHD/W7 | |
| pigeon | n | bird with stout body/short legs | AHD/W7 | |
| pipe | n | tubular wind instrument | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Dutch: | pijp | n | pipe | TLL |
| Old Low German: | pīpa | n | pipe | ASD |
| Old High German: | pfīfa | n | pipe | ASD |
| German: | Pfeife | n.fem | pipe | W7 |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Icelandic: | pīpa | n | pipe | ASD |
| Danish: | pibe | n | pipe | TLL |
| Swedish: | pipa | n | pipe | TLL |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | pipo, pipāre | vb | to peep | W7 |
| Vulgar Latin: | pipa | n.fem | pipe | W7 |
| Late Latin: | pipio, pipionis | n.masc | young bird | W7 |
| Middle French: | pijon | n.masc | dove, pigeon | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| GE | = | Colin Mark: The Gaelic-English Dictionary (2003) |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
