Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2. pō(i)- : pī-, and (from pō-), po- 'to bib, drink'
Semantic Field(s): to Drink
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Celtic | ||||
Old Irish: | ibid | vb | to drink | RPN |
English | ||||
Old English: | bēor | n.masc | beer | ASD |
Middle English: | ber | n | beer | W7 |
beverage | n | beverage | W7 | |
bibben | vb | to bib | W7 | |
enbiben | vb | to imbibe | W7 | |
enbrewen | vb | to imbrue | W7 | |
pocioun | n | potion | W7 | |
poison | n | poison | W7 | |
potacioun | n | potation | W7 | |
English: | beer | n | somewhat bitter malted/hopped alcoholic beverage | AHD/W7 |
beverage | n | liquid for drinking | AHD/W7 | |
bib | vb | to drink | AHD/W7 | |
bibulous | adj | highly absorbent | AHD/W7 | |
imbibe | vb | to steep, soak | AHD/W7 | |
imbrue | vb.trans | to stain, drench | AHD/W7 | |
pinocytosis | n | cell ingesting fluid through membrane | AHD | |
pirog | n | meat/fish patty | AHD | |
poison | n | substance that kills/injures/impairs organism | AHD/W7 | |
potable | adj | suitable for drinking | AHD/W7 | |
potamology | n | scientific study of rivers | AHD | |
potation | n | alcoholic drink/brew | AHD/W7 | |
potatory | adj | re: drinking | AHD/W7 | |
potion | n | liquid dose/mixture | AHD/W7 | |
symposium | n | drinking party (esp. following banquet) | AHD/W7 | |
West Germanic | ||||
Frisian: | biar | n.neut | beer | ASD |
Dutch: | bier | n.neut | beer | ASD |
Low German: | beer | n.neut | beer | ASD |
Old High German: | bior, pier | n.neut | beer | ASD/W7 |
German: | Bier | n.neut | beer | ASD |
North Germanic | ||||
Icelandic: | bjōr(r) | n.masc | beer | ASD |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | bibō, bibere | vb | to drink | RPN |
bibulus | adj | fond of drinking | W7 | |
imbibō, imbibere | vb | to imbibe, drink in, conceive | W7 | |
potatio, potationis | n.fem | act of drinking | W7 | |
potatus | vb.ptc | drunk | W7 | |
pōtiō, | n.fem | drink, potion | W7 | |
pōtō, pōtāre | vb | to drink | RPN | |
pōtus | vb.ptc | drunk (up) | W7 | |
symposium | n.neut | symposium | W7 | |
Late Latin: | potabilis | adj | drinkable | W7 |
potatorius | adj | re: drinking | W7 | |
Portuguese: | beber | vb | to bib | TLL |
Spanish: | beber | vb | to bib | TLL |
Old French: | poison | n.masc | poison, poisonous drink | W7 |
Middle French: | abrevrer | vb | to drench | W7 |
beivre | vb | to drink | W7 | |
bevrage | n.masc | beverage | W7 | |
embevrer | vb | to soak, drench | W7 | |
embiber | vb | to soak, imbibe | W7 | |
potation | n.fem | brew, beverage | W7 | |
potion | n.fem | drink, potion | W7 | |
French: | beuverie | n.fem | drinking party | LRC |
boire | vb | to bib | TLL | |
Italian: | bevere | vb | to bib | TLL |
Baltic | ||||
Old Prussian: | poieiti | vb | to drink | RPN |
Slavic | ||||
Old Church Slavonic: | pirŭ | n | feast | AHD |
piti, pijǫ, pijęši | vb | to drink | LRC | |
Albanian | ||||
Albanian: | pi | n | drink | RPN |
Hellenic | ||||
Lesbian: | πώνω | vb | to drink | RPN |
Homeric Greek: | πῑ́νω | vb | to drink, drain, quaff | LRC |
Greek: | πίνω | vb | to drink | RPN |
sympinein | vb | to drink together | W7 | |
symposion | n.neut | symposium | W7 | |
Indic | ||||
Sanskrit: | páyate | vb | to drink, swallow | RPN |
pā́ti | vb | to drink, swallow | RPN | |
píbati | vb | to drink, swallow | RPN |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
adj | = | adjective |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
neut | = | neuter (gender) |
ptc | = | participle |
trans | = | transitive |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
RPN | = | Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002) |
TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |