Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 1. pū̆k-, peuk- 'thick-haired'
Semantic Field(s): Hair
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Old English: | fox | n.masc | fox | ASD/W7 |
fyxe, fixen | n.fem | vixen | W7 | |
Middle English: | fixen | n | vixen | W7 |
fox | n | fox | W7 | |
vixen | n | vixen | W7 | |
English: | fox | n | carnivorous canine with long bushy tail | AHD/W7 |
Vixen | prop.n | one of Santa's reindeer | LRC | |
vixen | n | female fox | AHD/W7 | |
West Germanic | ||||
Dutch: | vos | n.masc | fox | ASD |
Low German: | vos | n.masc | fox | ASD |
Old High German: | foha | n.fem | vixen | ASD |
fuhs | n.masc | fox | ASD | |
Middle High German: | vohe | n.fem | vixen | ASD |
vuhs | n.masc | fox | ASD | |
German: | Fuchs | n.masc | fox | ASD |
East Germanic | ||||
Gothic: | *fauho | n.fem | fox | ASD/GED |
Indic | ||||
Sanskrit: | puccha | n | tail | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
prop | = | proper |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
GED | = | Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |