Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: rem-, remə- 'to rest; to support'
Semantic Field(s): to Lie, Recline, to Lift, Raise
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | rand | n.masc | edge, brink, margin; shore | ASD/GED |
| rima | n.masc | rim, coast | GED | |
| sǣ-rima | n.masc | seashore, seacoast, lit. sea-rim | LRC | |
| Middle English: | rim(e), rym | n | rim | CDC |
| English: | rim | n | outer edge/border of object | CDC |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Dutch: | raam | n | frame, window | TLL |
| Old High German: | rama | n | column, support | KDW |
| rant | n.masc | rim, shield rim | GED | |
| German: | Rahmen | n.masc | frame, support, housing | LRC |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | rǫnd | n.fem | rim, shield rim | LRC |
| Icelandic: | rim | n | rim, rail | CDC |
| rimi | n | strip of land | CDC | |
| Norwegian: | rind(e) | n | ridge, crest of hill | GED |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Crimean Gothic: | rintsch | n | mountain | CGo |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
| CGo | = | MacDonald Stearns, Jr: Crimean Gothic (1978) |
| GED | = | Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986) |
| KDW | = | Gerhard Köbler: Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, 4th ed. (1993) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
